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ʮ죬Ļʺȴ˵Եԣһߣա
еıִ˱˳ЦȴҲǣˡ
ΣĨȥԼᣬΪԼȻȴΪʹ飬ʱѻپ£վһС
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Ш

ܶԺ󣬵·ɽʱԻ̲סñ˵Ŀӷ嶥á
йһľ飬ΪһûͣȴվͿ̿ǧ
йһڷ嶥Ⱥ˾ʮ죬ȴüΪ͵ľ顣
ǸлŮ
Ǹ黪
ǸǧǰĹ¡
ʱ˼û׳ǲ˼佨ȣ黪֮һ
黪ִ飬ռŽδִ飬սϵ罫ִ飬ɶ֮ġ黪Ϊ״ϵãö֮˼һƬ֮񹦼˴
ǣĵ˼֮ƽ⡣
޴ǻ˼Ϊ˼ٶˮ֮С
黪龳ȥѰĻŮΪ˵ֻؼʥľԴֻ֮ţֻӵȻ˼䣬磬ȻΨһɡ
ǣҪֻ֮űҪͣͣζӵ֮
ˣ黪ȥɽɽԲȡ߲ݵص˾ʮ졣
ǼܿһӰɽӭͬʯ۶ôƣܺôһ˿Ц⡣
û֪ΪʲôЦƺ߲ûˣƺڶ˭Ц
ֱʮ󣬵ɽ֮ʱ˼䱬һƬϲڣҶΪԼþˣȴֻƬ֮þܻŭһ䣺˵˵ȥ㻹ƭҳͣ˽
תɲǣǶˣǣ黪ȴЦˡ
˵

û֪˵ʲôֻ֪˵֮󣬾鲻Ǻߵظգٳʱģֻ֮п
һ죬֣Ů
Ů
˼ĺƽͳ˧ĹϣһƬУǼĹֻǸж˻Ů֣Ů֣黪ϵһ
ȴˣŮǲӵаģΪƿ˼ãͻᱻ㷺Уʱؼƽֽƻ
ǣ黪Ůӳɻ飬ϾŮʱз⣬ǲٳɷ黪ͳ죬תս
һ˲䣬Ůȫ
黪Ͷ黪ƫʱѡŮӳɻ顣
һҹѪҵĻŮھб飬ǵأͬ˿ɵֻһɲǣǧڷ
黪黪黪
һƬǺ֮УǻŮ˺ѷεĺصҹ֮Уͬڱ
µ黪ڳǰǳĿڣѪȾƬɽͷҲȾѩ׵¡
һƽ˳黪λȥɽ
³Ϊ˴˵˵Ϊ񻰣һۣѹȥǧ꣬ĺ˼仮ִ黪
˵ڻŮΪֻʧȥƣ黪ŮѪӡİľУðľѡγʺϵഫ飬֮涨ΪʦߣһüˣһŮʦĴֻѪҺĴС
˵絣ٶȱ飬콫ÿһʦ֮άϵһֻûŮѵס飬ӴԺҲһֻ֣֮ԸоʦĴڡ
Ԥԣһ죬ңԶһʱŮĺὫ黪ѣʱ˼ٶȱͳһɻŮɣ˿֪

ұӥ1

ǵƺܰףܸߣããĲԭεգֻӥһɰšӥҳΨһѣǲԭӥͳ죬ԭķ޿η֣Ωңֻ;޴ȸؽУΪ
ϲܣͷԼҲܷһ㣬ӥĳӣû࣬ԣʱҲŻ˾ȣԭ侹һֻֻ·Ķ
Ǹһ˫ӥһ۾ˣԾĴָоЩֲڣЦºͣһ֣Ҳ֮ǿɰǣһЦ˳ȴ˺ҰѾͷү񡣡
ֻϧʱҲԣɲضɵǺǵЦţҲҶˣң˭ļҵĹôû㣿
ҲĻֻգգۣȻָָΧҲӥڵң˵ڽ䱸ǰˣһ㶣ЦݶȻҪӥһ뿪ǣǸȴһѳסңСһڲԭΣգӥܸΣա
ֻҪ˺ңʹҪѣԵ˼ҲʶôһǰӥΪܵ˺ˣոֱ£˵žһ
˲ҽһˣһȺȺµز֪ڽЩʲôֻǶóһĹһ׼ҵӥҴûģֻĳʶһǶģЩϵļͷĴۣЩһɣҵӥһһغġ
ǣظˣѽѽҺţֻҵӥҪҿЩ뿪ǣҵķûʲôЧӥҲߣЩĹҲظˣֹһеǸˣ񶼾úܲ˼飬ֻ֣˵Ĺ৵˻ȥ
ӥôҡ
ͷ˫¶۾ȻߵվЩȻĳүĪǣѾͷ
û˵ֻĬȻңҲȻϲ˺ӥҲͲڷʲôˡ
˵һǰսи䱻ȫĪ⺢ǴŹ£һֱڲԭﳤô˻ᣬ۾ﻬһ˿ɻ
үҲô룬ֿһۣû´ֻӥİɡ

ұӥ2

ǵˣҲȻҲȻһŰ̫ˣҴŮɺã
ҵıӣϣû˶ǹ䲻ϰߣȴϲָоԣɵɵЦˣһɵ㳹ɵŮ
˵ЦˬʣϲһŮһŮʱֻⳡ֣Цǣ룬յǲɵһ£ǼӥһԭĹ£ĿԱˡ
ֻϧûл
˵ʵһƬľӪǸүˣҲҵĵͬʱҲ黪ı߽󽫾黪ԭפع磬ЩǺܾԺҲ֪ģϾʱ˻ô
֮ϣһ磬е۾Ұꡣ
쵽Ӫʱǻƻ裬Ҵûôֻ·ˣգ۾òֺͻȻҵ˵شţʲôĻ䣬һﲽ˳
ܾԺ󣬵ѧ￴֣Ҳ˴ţǳ
鼫ãǴˡ˵첻Ц¹ͱסˣ۾գһ¡
˵ûԣԳô־ɰĺŮ˵ܲˣ
ϲҾȴ˼һףҲͼôѽѽرԹΪ͵СѾͷˣĸΪ׼˯˰ɡ
á䣬۾֡
ܿ۾ˣȻˣҲĻ
һЦݺࡣ
ֻҺĪǺүǺΩҿԽһǵԼȷʵң飬Ҳ簮ҵӥǰܰӥӥ֣ҰһªϰϣֵתҲãֻǽţѾͷñεķѾͷǣ
ֽ֣˵ųĻ׺ӣë׵ģ̲סȥҲֻǼװۣۺŶû̻򵥵Ĵʻ㣬أ˻ˣѽų׼򵥵ĸ裬ֱѵֵغϲ£졣

ұӥ3

ĸǸˣ˵۾ĸףֻǵ۾Ŀзݸᣬ˷ʵӺݡǵõһϼڵϣȵ۾ֱָĸıӣý᲻Ĵ˵ÿÿ
ϵЦˣҵֵѾͷԺɲôָű˱˵̫ûˡ
첻ĸȴұ˹ȥϸϸһЦʲôϵѾͷСؿѧһʱģѾͷʵڿΣʤҰٱĪǣԺҲҪָԼı˵Լÿô
ЦظˣһĪϵ۾Ц⣬ǣҲЦˡ
ȻҲϲѾͷ־ȡɡҵע
ĸһЦ΢һ˼ŵҿѾͷضǳ֮òȡΣ
ǣȻһӵãǣҲŮضҪǣ
һֱҾô֣ǡ
ǳں棬ǼҼҵ飬֪־ʲô˼ҵĴ𰸴Ǻջˮձ֮Ĳ֡
ǣѹˣΪĸҪȡһ֣ϲôһҪ޳ӣźЦҡҡͷ
֮ʵ춨ǷˮǷʵԼ
ôǲ
û˵лشֻҺþúþáԺͻȻҿЩ̫ϲ֣߶߽͸ֱҰ̵ȫ̽
ϲԣÿÿȥдӴӵţǣ۾ûôˣϲһڲԶĲϾգ˵̫ûнʿ£ɺüΣҶ˵峿ԲӪӭ籼۵ӢˣƮݣȵÿ̫ࡣ
һ죬̲סӲҪһӪ
У׼ȥǶ޷㡣ҡͷϸҡ
죬ﲻԸߣҪңһǴأ
Ϊʲôȥǣºͣº͵ջ֪Լסˣһܵβ;һ
һæߵ֮ǰұѾͷôھӪôã֪βᱻ˵ĵ

ұӥ4

ҵһδ۾￴˿΢΢ŭǣЦˣѽס˭㲻ҵģ˭㲻ġ
Ѿͷ̾һ漴ʼƵ߶
ΪʲôޣΪʲôܿЩһᣬֿˣǰôģֻǱңȻ󵭵Цš
ֱҲžȵط֣ԭ۾ļ˾׼䵽Ҫһʧ֣ͽֵж޵ʱࡣ
ǿ
Կʱ̲ס˵˳ңޱ飬һ仰Ҳ˵ȴζ벻ͨΪʲôôεıҪŵˣؾΪʲô
ߵӱߵʱ￾ˣ۵ĵطҳԣҲ˵һĬĬš
Ƕٶ֮ĳĬ֪ά˶ã̲סˡ
ҹŵܶࡣ
ǹ黪ô

˵㾿֪黪٣
һ룺˵黪Ĺңռδ䴴ʼ֮黪̫ʱӵбȵͻǿԣ黪ҲǿĹҡ
۾΢Цֲȥǵգ֪ĲǱ棬Ķ㲢֪
һȥҡ
ЩϻУ̵ܽģЦ̧ɽ˵Ƕ֪Ķ
ɽ
ɽĺأ
ӦйأȻ黪ĳǳأһžŰʮһҵ˵
۾ҵͷЦǶϲ黪
Ȼϲ
Ϊʲô
ͷ˻ᣬΪƯ
Ǻ۾ҵĻĿͻȻԶԣôĹȣս棬û˿黪û˿ԡ

ұӥ5

գգ۾Ȼ֪˵׸ټͣ۾Ҳ˼ô
۾һ㶣лιһ˿ˣǶÿ˶һ㵥Ǹöá
ȥʱǻƻ裬Ӫ˵ƻ𣬻˺ɫ˫ϲ֣Ǻѵһ飬˵Ӫδ龰
ʲôôסһʿʡ
Ϊ˸лүصʹฮĶǧүΪ檣أǧյμϲأ
ʲô檣Īͷ۾ȴ԰Ŀž뱯ˣ۾磬㲻ô
۾΢ЦûС
ƭˣ˵˵õ£죬Ȼϵ۾磬Ͱøúñ㡣
˵꣬һ̳Ե۾Ȱ
ÿһɲǣƻͨϯϵ˲䶼ͷңŵ־òԾ漴ĸҵһοĸûЦݣȴЦ紺磬ڵһǸؼƯŮӣĸҪ࣬۾䣬ȷʵҲǳòҿĸҪࡣ
˭ߵŮߣŵģվţԣƽӡһˣԽһѰŮǰ˵Һ˵ǣŮ
Ϊǣ治һɫ֡ңҲֱʵڲףΪεҪ§ڻĸ
ǣ˷ܵģкҪеˣĸңԼеĿģæʨƤЦĸƣǵ۾
ʱ۾߽ҳЦЦȴ˿Ӳϯְѻȸľİֿ۵۾ĿȻĸߣһۣҲҪ
ң۾ǰˣҲһֱΪǸûнŵĲ̳ˡ
ۿŵ۾ΪҵĶǰ¹ȻȫĹͶƵӥϣһӥ׽ϯŽͬɫָ
ȥ˻ˣҲ֪˵ʲôˣΪʲôȴԽԽأ

ұӥ6

̾ЦңΪǵĹˣ֪˲ǹÿͿԱˡ
Ҫܿһأʡ
һֻһӣǱǿģ
ĳ˵ţûٻشȴͻȻֳоܸоңǰôˣôԺңֻʲôģָʲôģ
ĸƤΪ֯һƯĶ񣬻ϱ÷ҰˣΧĵЦšǼ죬֪Ǹǧ֣ѣҲ֪檾ʲô˼
Դ𣬵ͲôĸˣĸЦҲԽԽ٣ʱڴʧжȹӡ˶оĽֿʼƵʱҹսӲ飬ӪյģЩį˼Ȧ̴ĸϢȥ˵۾סȻҲȥģΪҲ˵۾ڵ۾մ⡣
ҪģҵģԲҲ븺㣬Ĳ롣ڿ˵ţпţʱҲŸ꣬ȴҲ˵֮Ĺϵ
ѹ֣죬۾ɫѿüֶһȴҲ˵ע⡣
˭棬ҽѵŭԵĻšұҪ㣬ͽ£ǣţڵ۾ȵУ˽ȥĿתصˡ
ô㣿üͷȻߵǰңղŵĻ㶼ˣ
ǡҵ
ĿһϬͻȻǽϳѽֱָüģңˡ
ֻûü𣬵۾ˣ֪һʼûŹؿߵߣҵֶ˵׼
Ѵл䣬̶ѵ۾ûٻͷҵ־߳һͷѣȴʹͬ۾Ƶİˡ
۾磬ϲôڲԶĲϣң
ҵӣǶڵ㻹˵
üͻȻЩգʲôģϲҲϲ㣬ֲɵӡ
ǶЩ£ŵô򵥡˸ҶǰķЩ˵ĺָֽǶң۷ʲô£Ҷ˺㡣
ƾʲô㣿ǳգڷʣûлشĿ¶һ˿ʹģͻȻԼ˺ͷξξò˵ʵ˵Բġ

ұӥ7

Ϊļ£
װɵôȻΪҰԵ˵ȥ£
⼸صϣŲô˵ô
Ĭȷʵ⼸صϣҼֻǹԹŲ˵ҿʼнˣֻ֪Լ˵ʲôʲôĬİȫ
ûҡͷ۾ϧңұظˣɵǶ㲻ҲҾϲǸɵЦ㣬ô
Ǹȴ˺㣬˵û˸öģǶԣҲ˵֮߱
ߣΪʲôҪߣ
һأҪҶġҶŵ۾գգ۾ȴ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȥˣЩ鲻ʺ㣬㲻մЩ
˵ЩԱҡ
˶ᱣ㣬ᣬĸᣬҲᡣ
أ
΢ЦȻᣬӻᡣ
˵⻰ʱҵĶôƽůûһ˿ҵĸоǣȷԼ˵һжģһһġ
Ȼꡭ
ЦԽԽ٣ҲԽԽ£֪Щϴ黪ʥּõڿţһεʥּҵĸǵ̫ã̫岻ϣĸȥǣĸȥˣ뿪糿ҿ˺ܾúܾãΪ·˳ʮ굽ʮ꾹ȻˣʱҲΪʲôҪôֱ࣬ʵϢҲȫˡ
ǵĸߵʱһ̫㺣ʱͿȴҲòѹ㺡
Ȼһжˣ׵رˡ
ٶԿоȴǽìͷһתָ黪˵ˣʵ췴ˡ
սģﻹȫ黪ľӣԣ黪ǳظû϶ٹ򡣿ǣʹӢսӦҲ벻֮ҪɣΪҲû뵽Ӫκһ˶뵽ģ۾ˣĸү
ͺԤıһ㣬̤гǵһɲǱ㱻򾫱Χ۾ʱ򷴵ģĶƾ
ҵһοսĲпᣬǵ۾ٽվڶʬĲϣѪСϪŽ£űߵѪˮγһȦһȦ
Ÿζķ̺֮ȥҿǸɽԶĵʱȴʬϣ۾֣ŹǶ
жǽͻȻˣҷɱߣҡһһغۻһѾͷˡ
ΪʲôǣΪʲô̧ͷ۾ȴĳ߸߼ҵͷ
ҲܾǷ
Į˱ҺȻǰվһİˣһµİˣһ£Ϊ꣬ԭΪҲסĳŵң˺ңΪȷʵ˰ݵסŵ֤Ҵˣ˵ǡ
ڣԹ벻ͬʱҵؿںը
ץĳԼһæ˽ҵֻǱĽˣѪ˽˾ҽ˰ҹػԭСĿţûκһ۵뿪ˡ
һŵѾȴ˵ʬ壬ҽҪ˼Сļ˵ͷȻҲˡ
ʵҶӥͬҵӥһֻҪߣʹ㣬۾Ҳҡ죬ǧӥϮ˾ӪӪĴңĻᶼûУֻǣϮûάֶãܿ죬ӥ㳷ˣӪһԱΩңʧˡ

ԭ1

ûֲԭҹûů¯û˺䣬ڲϣߵϦɽȣůĹ⣬һ˿
ǳգӳҵұ۾Ȼڲϣƣ뼸͸֧ҵ뵱ǰҵûôģʱһ·ûеңܹӥһںҹϷˣ֣Ҿûˡ
ϵڲѪˣȴףͬҵһ̣ӥ£ǶΪҼ˻񣬿Լ»𣬶ӥҴ⣬ҵߡ
ǿҧ˿⣬һζԺû³üڻӲ彫Ƥ£ȻڻϿ˳ԡǶǲˣԴңǲΪʲôҪ˳ԣǰҴǺһġڣӥңǰߣûκһİĿ⿴ҡ
ԭʱʱе۾ܹ֪ңֻܲܣӣôߣԭǲԭ˲ԭûطȥˣϵ֢ԽԽõļ󣬽أֲظĥ룬Ҵǿˣǵĸ᲻ңԾһ뿪ˡ
һ죬ҵڲԭϣʧȥлȥӥצץңҷա
֪˶ã۾ԶϣһС̶ѶС
ӥ˳ϣĽк̶߾ҴҽмΧӥҺӥ˵ȥӥһľңѹԼΣա
ӥԶĵطҷ£̶ӵ˽кԸȥ̶һᣬ˽еѾͷһǱӥץȥʳˣþ
ɲǼ䣬ظˣӥΪʲôңطԽ̶ԽǾΣգʱһСסһɣһֻವҶԵĲݵϡ
ӥǲѷⱩּ꣬һʱԾǰſХ
̶һ곤ϸӥȻгӥͷǳĪǲԭӥɣ䣬˶ŵؿܣԭӥжܺŷݣޣȻ򷽲ӥХҰȵŽ̶ӰΧ
սսͳͳҰˣ

ԭ2

Ҳ֪﾿װǺεĻ˲һУֻ֪곤ںȫӵͬʱԼſѶ֮ٶ׼ӥųһ
Ҫ
Ҳ룬ֱӵӥǰ
Ҵҿ¶˾ţ࿴̶ӵ˶ȵŴ졣
Ȼһ׹˳ͬʱſ죬ɶ˿ʼɱתɢɱ㣬һƬӨ
˿ӵصϣһº͵絭Ʈѹ°ɣҪǡ
ϵһ°׵Ӱ˳
ǵĵһƬԭϡ
İףؾģ·ҹʶ
ҿҿÿһ̤ŵ᲻ƿ۾ҹ紵Ѳ࣬ĺҹǳ˸䡣
ôǿӥֿңͻȻԼӳͫҵģݺݲһ¡
ûеͷûҡͷұ뻳ǸоޱϤȣͺڴǰ
һչ˺
ӥףתȥҵƣҲֿס⣬һ۾
ƺ˯˺ܾúܾãҼ˵ĸһһЦһߴҵ֣ﻹţѾͷѾͷ
ͻȻǶôذңңҲǶôذǡ
ʱҹ˯ůůޱվſڣɫĳ·ϵӣӳǹ⣬кڵء
ˣת΢Цһ˲䣬ҸоΧеɫʶȥΩЦݣͣҵԺһͣԶ
ʶأ֣һߵߣôˣ
ס۾·߽᲻Ҫô
΢Ц
ұ۾ֻǣһˡ
оסҵ֣ҷ˯ȥƣʶǰһɲǣƺξ㻷ҵߣ˯ɣ㡣
˵һ˯ҹһֱչң粻롣ɵѵʱȴߣĴأߵ棬ƾ紵ҵĳҪԺȫļ䡣

ԭ3

Щô
оһͷЦЦöˡ
ҲЦߵǰָ˸ҵĶͷЩգԼоô
ҡҡͷװ¶ӡ̾ϵĶϣĶ
ԭ
ǲԭ
ԣҼҡ
ϵ·˶Դġ
һ㶣֪ԼƭˣĬ˵Цһ£ͬһǴӼӳĻ߶ġ
ҡͷǡ
˵ô

ϵأôõģ
Сˤһ
΢Цſ𴦣˵ģҼҽ˵ǵɵˡ
æ£ٿ˵ѣԣ˵ѵļȷʵܲ
˵͵۾һͬ˶Ϊ˾̲·ԭġ
ӥܽΪ˾㣬ԼԲˡ
ҵ۾ȻǵȻ˵ӥҲ᲻Ҫؾ
ӥЦظҵĻеĽзĳ
æҡͷǡҵĸ磬ҵļˣԶҲ뿪ңᱳҡ
ǲΪ˽ͣ΢ǲĬңҼҵĲԭ·ûע⵽Ŀ⡣
ҽҩģҽҲܸϵþһκõģҽ˵ҵӻǺ飬ⲻһģҪǵ̶ѾΪҵ죬ٵȥˣǵģ˵ҪҲҪҲٷ˲ߣ͵һˡ
̶ͣˣ̶ȻҲûȥԭϴԣΧ黪Ǹң黪궼ƮŸɫ꣬һǧǰ黪ŮһʱµĻı仯ıɫл֮ƣЩ˵ĵı˵ĻҪȤ࣬˵εƯŮҹǲϨƵģҹЩطȰ컹֡ЩԣǵĸĹ磬ҲԽԽǸط
ǣÿֵʱǾͻֹͣ죬վ⣬Ҳǻһһ˴￴飬ڲԶĲϿǣϰ۾һģһ

ԭ4

ûиֻ֣ѾͷҲˡ߶ˣǶǲҿҵߣӥ䣬ֻʱϵԶԶ
ҽҵҩ󣬿Ҳܿ࣬ƽĶÿÿֵҩʱʱҶӪʵܣҽֻܸƨɺ׷ңԽ׷ܵҲԽ𾢣ϲָоͺ׷ҵǵҵĵš
Ӫ˶Цҷ裬ν˽ķѾͷϰˣǶңûñҺҩֱһ죬һͷҽ׷ҵʱײҽ˲ס̧ͷɵɵЦ
˸㲻Ϻúóҩ£ƽӡ
գգ۾ҩ̫ˡ
ɲҩòˡ
ǲˣҪˣ
Ϊʲôôʣ
ǵĻϣҵԶҲҪáϲҲϲÿһˣԣҲԼϲ뿪ˡ
ĬˣҽĬˣӪ˶Ĭˡ˻ᣬվҵִҽӹҩ˰ɣҲٲˡ
һᣬڻҩԹԺˣʵұ˭ַ֪ʽסǵģڲԭԶҲ
ҩܿ࣬ǿൽҺ˿ȴҲڴʱһĶҿڡ
ǳ˾ͲˡЦ·¹һЦݣůůҵϣɲǼ䣬סˣԺĳЩ龰ᴥͬˮһ˳
ǵԼھӪΨһһҲҩ׷ӪܣĸȰȰȰҲȰ󣬻ǵ۾ǺҰҩ¡
˵Ƕұ֤Բġ
ı֤ԺҩǣӴԺҾôô
˶ΪҿΪҪ뿪Ωǿҵ˼ңѾͷ㾿˭Ϊʲôܲ϶˵ʵ
ҽŴϿڡ
Ҳ˵Ĭ˻ֵôһȥɺã
һؿⷬͬǰҵĻŮɺãʱɵɵЦһɵɵŮֵõĳ谮ӵĸе۾

ԭ5

㲡ȫ֮ǰǲ뿪㻹ʱ俼ǣҵĴ𰸡
ߺ󣬺ö˶ȰҴӦ֪Ƕĵģǵ۾ЦҿԿ塣
ԣҹѡ뿪
ǣ෴ѾʼϲˣǣҲԸôϲһˣͬϲϵϲĸе۾ֿԼϲһ뿪ĸоᣬ¡
оԼܵعԶˣҷŲĨ˰ᣬ̧ͷʱȴ֪ʱǰĲϡ
Ĵ𰸣ңǹļͷ
֪ԼˣĥߵҲֻͬǿǿ˵һڲԭҪû˵û˿Цּį㲻ô
룬Ц˵£ǣҿԶӥ˵ҲӥЦּįϰ߾ͺá
ҲЦˣįǿϰߵôҲϰ߾ͺˡ
סЦݣƫʱת˵ѾͷЦһô뿴Ҳ˼˵ЦĸףǰһЦܵ
Ҵһǣûô
ЦݺȻɬˣڵĵطЦݣԣήˣˡ
æԲ𡭡
ҡҡͷⲻĴ㲻õǸվ˸ҵĶˣô
Ҵͷ
ҰΣЦˣҲգҲ㣬߾߰ɣüįֻҪһҵ㡣
Ҿȵ̧ͷȴǵЦݣǳ㵭Ȼº͵Ĺâҵġ
㲻Ҹô
ԤУǻټġ
ס￪Цݣټʱ˭ϳ˭
á
СָҵĹһ𣬺ȻѹЦŶ˵磬ǺˣѾͷһӶ㡣

ԭ6

ɵѾͷӦңҪôǿҪƭԼԼԶҲƭԼġ
ңҵĶͷ
΢΢ЦЦȴʹ
ڶ죬͵͵˴ӪأȻѾ뿪ˡ
ͺϵһһԭסĵطҩ
ĺۼڣ·ǵЦգþûصҵԺ߽ȥо¶ȣǺȻǰģһˮҵֱϣţֻ
ӥַңԾǰԣĳҲøİĿңҲںӥҾ͹ˡ
ͷĺܺãµ˸Сң֪ĸϲ÷ڽ÷ģ͵ǵĸһˣ΢Ц԰Щ
֮˼꣬ҩĶʪˣٳԣҲΪֿ꣬ʼ
ԴߺҲûڲԭκһˣһһ죬ͬҵӥӥΪ۾ѾˣǷˣҲ÷ˣӳãԼҲˡȴǣ۾ܵϰߣԭй㼣ƺʧٺܵظˣԣǵٴʱ⡣
ּĶվڲϣϣĻĸǾȡɻìܡۡ
ܿ죬ǶˣЩǰǵ£ȴýָңȴǣΩ۾Ծߵǰ˵һȥ
ĳ۱˺ڰգ졣˵ǲԭӥֻҪҲԸ⣬û˿סңʹǵ۾ҲԣԣȫϴһӥټĳͻΧǣʱҺȻĻҪƭԼˣԼԶҲƭԼġ
ΪֻҪвԭ͹ˣֻҪӥ͹ˣû˵֣ܿǰʱԶȥҴˣüҶ̲סص̶ӪʵĵطǲдɵɵЦĬĬؿޣ֪ԭǾǼįҲ֪ʲôΪԼû˵ĵطǼįģΪұϾˣҲʶԼˣʹôӥһҲܻصǰˡ
ִϣҵǱģһͻȻץסҵ֣Ϥů͸ָʽҵĺһڣҲֲ֧סػ˹ȥ

ԭ7

Ǽ죬ۣȫǵ۾㲵ݣҲԸȥѡ˯ȥ˲ҵʱʱ̣ʶģظойڳϵʽҵ壬ůϤһ۾֣۾Ц
ѹʱûټ۾գȴǿ֪߳ȷʵˣһʱ᲻ٻҲŷĵ۾뿪ķ
һֱչңҲ˵۾˵ֻ黪۾黪ĳӣͻȻ۾ǰ˵Ļû˿黪κ˶ԣɵȴˣһôףԣ۾Żᷴ˵ôǣҾõû沢ΪԼ棬ΪĸǸ黪ʹĸ
Ժ󣬵۾ҲңÿÿֻһҾװ˯װʱΪ˯ˣȻǰһҵͷֱˣʮ꣬΢΢ܹоǿ֪ˣ󲿷ԭΪҡ
֤ʵ뷨ѣͻȻҵڴ߾ңо˵ϢۣȻҲ΢Цָ˸ҵĶͷѾĸζˣ֪Ը͵۾һˣǰԹȻʧظɾ
ƺˣ֪һ˵ġĵЦȴЦҲϵҵķӦҲҵ޶Լһ˵֪ôԴʧٺδЦһϲȨƵˣСʱһʱԼҪ£ڳ֮͢⣬ǣ㲻ǡ
Ц˿ǳܡ
Ƕҿôô͵㣬ٶԾô䵭ˣԭôıʹʧȥʱֱ˸ˣڲԭߣ֪⼸Ҫذ͸㣬Լ㲵زʹȥǶ㵱Ŀĵ۾ȥô
Ҳ֪λشֻװ˵ģ˸ȻҧסԼ촽˷Ӧ̾ĵ뿪ˣ۾ץޱԽԽ
оֿʼˣ⼸۾ûعѾ´ˣڵʱһӪҵӥżܿվڲϣսķ
۾Ŵ˵ӢսȻһӮҲˣ˺ܶѪܴǰʱңҲҿմѪƣңʼնδһ䡣
һۣ񣬲֪Թۡ
ǲұ仵ˣĳܺݳϣǰһĺӣЦȴôˡ

ԭ8

̾һֻ˵һ仰۾ǰġ
һ¹⾰ڵ۾ʵ̫أʱȫľʦȻҲûôʱˣҲνЩһ˴ߣ飬ǰȴƴȥĶҪʱ䣬ҪҲȥ۾ˡڣѵľĻ£˴ްˣ˿ҡ
Ȼȫõ죬ּˣֻزʥּּܲԻ̫ġڵ۾˺һμǰɫЩ԰ףҺѲŹţͷҲͷ
ּ̫ܲôӵ۾Ϊ黪ȡ壬һδܳо˶׼̳в֮λر߽òŵ¼汸ʾȫ飬Ϊպɴ飬մˣּл
ȻҲʮ꣬ǣΪʲô˼ҪˣǼ޸黪ֻʱôҲ벻ףΪʲô͢Ὣ˳صĺλһʮ꺢ͯϡ
үϲˣּɡּܲЦе˵ǹ˰Σ۾ûзӦǣ̧ͷȥȴϥڵϣڵϵճȭͷյô嶼֮
Χ˲Ҷŵ۾˵ּܲ˽ûЦݣתһŭ֮ɫ֪ԸּȫңǣҸּ֪ʲô
ȻұΪôּܲҲôߵּ˵ǰЦ
ּһ㶣ҵ˼æЦ˵ǡ
û˵ֻǽӹּܲǰһɲǣҿ۾ͻȻ̧ͷʹĵңҲһͬʱּܲ¡
ּ꣬ˣʿҲ˿ԸԵػûһĬ£ǣٳֻʣҺ͵۾ˣҲҺҲЩ뿪֪һѳּܲݺӽ𣬻ͷҺôңô뿪ô
סһκңҲ֪δֻؿ߿첽뿪İһ޳Ӫ
ϵʱһȥѱеıң˵Ǳʵȫ鼮˵Щ鼮ܱڹаȶա
ôֲôֲҲôҪˣԲԸһȥһǾܾˡ
빬ǲ׼ģ·ֻԼˡ
ôߣЩô

ԭ9

ԼϷֻ֪ܰĶ
֪ʲô
˶٣ڵµϷ㣬Ϊּ˭µġ
ü֪ôּ̫ܲġ
Ϸø㣬ּ֮Ҳʥּ
ĬЩ˼˵̫ô
Ȼ̫˼Ǹ򵥵Ľɫ黪ǧǿĵܵ黪ؽʢǰǣ̫ڳи׼ҰִǻأҪһټϼѣ˴̫޹ȥ뽫һߣΪá
ǵ۾˰ɣǵ۾ãң
ˣүıһ̫йأֽ̫żΪ֪۾˺ү֤ݣһѱղţ۾ˣ㻹СΪֻҪ빬ϼӵ̣ضϴó
ѹ֣ǻѺλϡ
Ҳǵ۾Ըּԭ򰡣ϼ£Ըա
һ۾ĻȻƵġ
ֵ̾¾һ壬ΪӵǣΩСĽʱƣΪ¾֮Ǵ·绹ӰصĿܣӣǱûзصİ
ĬĬͷĸ۾Ҳ̫һӶѣҲҪӣңβӿ
̾ϢҡͷǾ͵ÿԼˡ
һȥʱңиİǷ
ĸǰΪ·һֱΪ㱣ţҶöЦŽƵǰҴЩ·ȳƵţգÿһ綼մȾĸķҷ
лл鲻Խ˵
лңлҡ
ҧҧǲǺ
ЦҲֻǽȶ˾ƣ˿Щ
ҵͷ·˵
̾Цָ˸ҵգ㱾ǸĬĹ˵ǰܰЦְ˵ʲô¶ԣʱʱҪ˿㣬һ㴳˻ԴԺͱˡ
ȥЦ︡˿Σ뿪ʱٲһ䣺ǲԸԭô
Ҵţûлػ
֮죬һֱԼûгȥʱʱңֻе۾һҲû

ԭ10

̵죬ģǱһҡ
ûд̫״͵Ĵϲۣ˼ĸΪķɫɴȹҵһױһΪһģʱҿ۽ЩӨ֪⣬һټ֪ʱ
߳ʱڳԼЩˣּ˸۾ңβ˵ǰǰ
ҿ۾Ѿڻ͵ϣûпңҲٿת߽Уǰһ죬ּ˵һóо̽ͷ۾ӪѣȻֿǣЦˡ
һת˳Ҳݺᣬһ˵ȥɣȥɡ
εĴɴģصɴ۾ڳԱߣԼԼأҿԿʵӰӳѩ׵Ĵɴϡٹû·ǾҪֿˣӴԺҪ漸ǲ˰ɣһ׽ʥּĮȴʹĵҶ֪ôأɱʱֺγûйʹʧ
ǰͻȻɧҲ֪ιʣҲûǷ˼ȥܣּغҲͻȻʲôæȥ
ӥȻӥΪˣ΢ЦͻȻֿӰӲԭ߼˳ԭֻӥĳӣǰȫΪˡ
ӥӥԶҲ㣬ԶҲ֪ӥǲߵģ񵱳Ҳڲԭģĳǵġ
ڵ۾ʾ£ӷ½䱸ȺĻ¾ɽȥڿ쵽ɽʱּͣ³ӣתԵ۾˵ү͵Ϳˣĵذｻǰɡ
ҶڳĬȻ˵á
أ˵Ӣˣһһҵľȫ˻ȥ۶ȥХʧҴֻƵؿҪ޷
ӼǰУҲÿ⣬Ƭԭ۾ΪɱʨҲ۾ң黪κ˶ԭ򵥵ĲԭƮɢ֮˶Ļ䣬·ÿһﶼ
ǣ̲סˣһ̽ӣ򷽲Ż;ǲĵطȻҿܳ뿪˺ܾãȫأǾǷϣҿİӭվͷսһ𱻷紵ڰգԾ統һƮݡĲ˼顣
һ˲䣬ҿˣҪһĸͳͳйһ㣬˺ööᣬͻȻǲһڣȴӿˮס˺ǣҸ̽ӣŲϵʹ֣ƴ֣Ҳ֪ǷܿϾ̫Զ̫ԶԶƺԶҲĵز
۾磬ԲʵҴû޹㣬Ϊң޷㡭

Ϊ1

ڿ˻˻ϿƮĸɫ꣬·ӯѵʺҵﻮһһߣã治̲ݵĲԭܱȵģȻһϲҵĲԭֻҵļˣҵӥҵĻ䡣
оѩ׵ĳִϣ־ͷǹǣÿɴֵԹˣȫڵ϶ߵţȴϲ֪ߵʱıʲôġ
³ʱǰŴ磬˼۾ҴʨƤϣȻŮĲ³ΣͷȥֱĴԣ¥ûʣǽߣŸĻٿĹǣɵߵĵǽٲȻһƬ̻Ի͵Ĺ֮ǧ֪
ּ˹Ϊ·ƣҹգǾһԹһôҲ͸Թ
ϵǣ̫еҪЩҲǹʮˣ껪ȥĺۼּһ·ϸҵģߵǰߵףẰǼ̫̫ǧꡣ
̫һһᣬ漴ʳָҵʳָųָףȥֶڵʱԼߵţıӦǿ
ңҲ̧ȥҿιһ˿ȣ漴Цݱ㸡ǣȷʵûѡˣһű־
ôһ˵Եūˣæ͵ϲ̫ϲ̫Ÿô־Ļʺ󣬻ʺСò˷Ƿµһ֮ŮùǧҲֻ
㵱黪ʮĵһˣҲʱλˡ
˵ļǡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪҺ㳶һҲ֪㾿˭ȻȥģǱһѵע⣬һ·ϵҵĶѿտҲгԵ᲻̫ǿҵ˼ЦǺǵذʣǲǶˣ԰ɡ
ȷʵǶˣҲʲôڲڣһֻͳһ߳Իһ߶ٺɵЦţҵķӦ⣬ȥõĵ
ֿһᣬȻ̾һҵһףǸĺӣôСû˵ûǶ֪߱㸸Ϊô
˵ıͣ³ԱĶͷ˵
ֻ֪һ֪ҵͷ˼ŨˣǶ㸸ԩǱ˱Ƶġ

Ϊ2

תת飬ǰʱȲǸƵ˾˭ʵҪ˵ˣѲµ֮£ֻҪΪãضҪվͬһߣѵЧķӡ
Ƕ㣬ڸΪ㸸ƽԸ⣿
£ӦǻӦҲǻ
Ҵ̫ģȴǰҵĻ
˵¶ֻ̫̫һĻᣬɷܸԼͬ;˹ּ̫ܲ˻ʺߵ˶Ϊж⹬ﰲֵػţ̫ǲòˣԣ㲻ܵҲ̫ڣǸӣӿкӵĻش𷽷
ǣȽҵģҰѱһӣ߶ʮһؿ޺ۣҪ
һޣ̫ûعߵū澵ȼˣҵĻʺɱˣ̫ǰ񰡣˵ЩҵȻ֪ĸȻҵƤŮӼҸѧĹһŲ䣬ֻصĿԿֲͬŭ̫󣬷ܰ⡣
Ȼ̫֧ū澣һѱңĿ߷⣺ǶĺֻҪԺúİţ㸸ƽӡ
ҲͷҲҡͷ̫ƴˮΪҿޱǴӦˣԸΪˣʵһû˵Ը⣬Ҳû˵Ը⣬һʲôұſΪѵԼĸϵ
ûã߹Ů˵ݵ
̫һۣǰΥ׳Ƕȥݶɡ
ҵͷݣȴ뱻ȹһţһͷˤǰæ̧ͷʱȴӾ￴һѩ׵Ӱſ
Ȼͷһ˾ͽǶ

Ǹ˾Ȼ
Ȼף̤ţ
ôʤѩ⣬˿޵Цܺÿȴģԭʱ¶Цȫһ¶ЦݣǱû¶ȵġ
ȻһֱҲŻټȻҴδ뵽ǵټʽ

̫ҪԸˡ
ôôΪ̫ӵң󣬾Ȼĵˣ

Ϊ3

һʵҾˣԭĻһĻĻйԺңңЦҳҩʵڲ󣬵ټʱл¶εȵʧҸ󣬵ʱҪʲô̬
ǣҶ룬ٶ룬תҵһɲǣɱݡ
ſڵҵײҲĻ죬һҴ˿̵쳣
ڽҵݡ
ڣã̫ЦǺǣѾͷǿﺦˣȻӵֻʡ
ûнӻǸûһ㣬˰Σֵ̫ݿˣ˼ҵ׻Ǹǰá
̫˵һֱԽػˣҺùƬ̣ǡŷ
ɲܰǰΪ˻ʺһ£
ǣ֪ĸΪʺһ²ãһлһ˿ػص
̫ĬΣٿʱЦϬɣǻΪ£
ҡ
֪С޲£ж֮⣬ǱϾһΣĽ÷޹ҲͷسҲگҪ󲹳һң˼ȥΩнλ֮ŮԿƽϢسǵԹҲΰ
֪Ľ÷˭ĸĹֻе֣ܺһǣҵƵܡ
͵͵˺̶̼ܶ࣬δȫһ㣬üһļµı䡣
֪ĸģδԹ֮⣬ĸġ
˹̫ϸ˿֮ɫİɣǲίģ֮ŮòǷʤһȻֻǸͯɳҲ֮ɫ߰ɡ
ǣĸ֮⡣
̫ǰҵӣʲôдߣͺǸǱ˵Ӱӣʱ䲻֮ܽⷬȫɡ桱ֻҵĽסһ
̫׺תȥʱȻٲת￴һۣæͷгɣδ̽뿪̫ĴȰ
ߺְ̫ҽеǰЦңһɻ⣿
ӲĨЦȵĻ⡣

Ϊ4

ЦɵԸɵ⹬˭ԽɵҲԽԽɡǣ̫ǸɵˣΪӵҪɣǳ˵λ
죬ﵽ˺죬ƮĻҲǺģ˴ųȹڹĲƺգ۾ӥǿɻôҾҪˣԺҲ޷صԭңᱻô
ŮΪһһϲʺ֬Ĩ̫ƯžеԼô˳ۣЩ·̫׸ˣֻܰҳĵظСЩû͸ĸһ÷Ư
Ƕסһ̣Զסһ̣ӽǻʺˣԺ¶ǵģֽ̫ץסҵĸ첲ָҵʹ
ܶԺһֱһֱһȴʹ乬ɽ±ԵĵطԾجһҵԺôĨҲĨˡ
ϵĹ֣Ȼĸ裬ʮһȺŮĴӵͨĺ̺ϣͷƮӣŷĵ׷ӨѩżŵԼķҷȴԭԶɢķ㡣
ɫϲסҵ̫ʩһССĻܴϲ￴Χ磬ɱȴҵԣҿȴԲ֪ǾңǸڲԭ˵ԶҲѾͷ
꣬ҳ黪һǧİپʮСĻʺ󣬻ǵ죬ССҽССַŽУһůҵָӿ̧ͷȥҲͷסңһһֲ׺ɣζ·һҺĹʽǷ֣벻ȴҲֵҺЦˡ
İʽ´ǹȥˣҪڴ볯ڳȻصҵĹϢȴϯ޹ΪҽҿϲֻҪ뵽һĻҵľͽ
ŮֽͱʣϰףʺΪԼĹȡͷ£ڰֽд£ݾӡ
ʶЦҵĹֿȥᣬ˼ҵ֣ȴҾϲ֣ٺõĹҲֲϲԭһһֺáúҲ֪֣ĵ
ҹʱˣѵȵؿ˯ţڴ۾ùŮҪңûһŮˣȴԼоϢȻ۾
ţҹ罫ҵϲʱʱʱʱ¡һңȻҸǰͣ£Ůǽ񹳵ϣϲõģһֻ˻ӣʾȫȥҿŮȥʱıһĨɬǣҲɬͻȻ̡

Ϊ5

ǶˣŽҵϲһţʶض㿪ȥһûϵһд˷ӦתһĨЦݸǣܸܵĨЦݵ¶ȣܱ綬ҹķ
ô߻£ÿ£Ҷһ£ûлشҲͻȻЦøˣĪҸ߹̫ôȻһôСĺ͵ߡ
קϲҧס´ӲǲԼ
˷Ӧ̾Цһת˻⣺۾ɺã
ҵͷӦ˹ǣ£֪ȥļԭľɫҲܵ
΢о˿ϲϲҸԸϲˡ
Ī׼һֱ˵ôҿҪһӵ˰Σٱ䣬ȴЦ⡣
ҡͷͷǻشɡ
̾һϲҵͷȴȻȥǣ⹬ų͵ɻĶΪʱκһ˶пܻ㣬ҡ
˵ֵʱ˲ϬܸϲظоͶĿ˱Ĳǣ̲סˣס䣬ڵĵһ仰ȴǣ㲻ᡣ
ŶΪʲôЦ
Ҷһ٣̧ͷϬĿ⣺Ϊˡ
ȴĺǺͣ˺ܾãңĿ⽥ת˲ֱһֳ棺̫ô˵ô
ұЦ仰һɲǣҵЦݳ׽Ӳסˡٿң˦ҵ֣վǣ˵㻹Ҫϼ֡
Ҳİ֣ǣĵִûάֶãһҵע⣬һĴߣģܱ״Щչĺ
㿴߰ᣬȻ˼
ĪңҲúճΪˮ
ң׵ķ˿ڰգȾǹӫմ¹ĵĮ
Һһԥ֣߽¡
ԺҲժô
ߵǰһ̣Ҷ
أֵһˣ˵Ĭ˿Цڴߵĺһͷϵʺϲ

Ϊ6

㲻Ҹô
ԤУǻټġ
ټʱ˭ϳ˭
á
ϲŷ磬ǰӯ£һɲǣҿ˾ǣĵأҾ
磬ϳˣɣ
˰أҫ
ʵҲ⸱ߣһΪѿֻаţüҵıϣûסҵ죬ԣǿԿҶЦġ
ǣЦˣӴ˵ÿô
ֻûϵһֱҲûϵֻҪ֪ҾǲԭϵǸѾͷֻҪܹĿӰԶһҾͻ㣬ܿġǣȴסˣȵ˫ͻȻһɫʹġ
㣬Ϣ仰뿪ˡ
Ŀתӹ߹ʧڻ԰ͷֻöǲᣬû̫ءǣܶԺ󣬵ҳˣ֪ʲôŮ˼ˣҲͻȻԼ»֮ҹûз飬˱һ顣
һߣʾ֮佩Ĺϵ
͢Ǽգʹڷݾﲻȥҥ볰ԻԴԴشҶ̫Դ˲Ųʣߵº޷Ӧ
ϴµĹأڣɡ˵ÿһŮȥĵû£ͻȻöǣ֪Ǹŷ֦ͷ˵Σƫңеʡ
ǣӿİƫҰԼڷݾΪȥһҲǣƵĹɵӿһУ
죬ҵ飬˵Ϊ˴ʱ䣬˼ȴƮңԶĲԭ
ҹ˲ʱ䣬һ͵͵ܵĵԶĳߣҹҪӽֻ£ӳˮʵ̫
ݾûоӣҵţӷʧȥ˴ڵļֵȻˣ粻ҪþӣþȥȥĵطȨһС
û˼ҵݣʹǷҵĹŮҲûУÿÿϴǶ˵һߵͷǲܿǲҿûоӣԼǺεյʱǵһڳߡ

Ϊ7

¹⣬ҿסҵİһֻɫͣҵıǼ⡣
¹⣬̣İ£Ҽҹҹˣȴûע֮ԾûΪ˲ԶĹ¥ǻĻʦǳϧ֮ˣصȦ˴軭ùŮ롣
ǣһҹһʦվڻʱҸպڳߣߴˮ棬ϲˮ¹·ɽ㾧Ө·ֻж˾ӨĶҲЦ
ǣһȻ֪ʱǸʦ潫һ£ڼҹϵ˵ʵݸ̫
̫СǴҹ磬ûгϯҲԼûгϯ
ֻҹһ죬̫ڰһȥ
ЦҵߣҡͷණܱڣΩôҲڲסģһģһܶĵ
֣һŮŻǰ
ҴЦ￴˼ֵζоǴﴧĦʲôֻʼղƣ·ڵϷ
󣬻չҿ˻ԼڳرߣӭžӨѩˮ飬Ц¡
̫ؽһִֻҵļϣǶ֪ǰ⸱ҹϾ˶ô֪ȺһֱЦŮҹǺεȵĲʼô̫ǳֻΪ˵òϵһ߿ڵ˵ģǶҪҪúǧҪˡ
룬̫󲢷Ƕߵ²ŲʣֻѰһһˣ¸Ļǰŵһɺϣһ޷ɺϣס󹬵ͬʱҲ޷ҵĴڡ
ⳡҹ֮󣬹ﲻ˶˵ģ˭ٶԻʺ󲻾һɵ۴ЩٶΪҵòݣֻǣҪ̫һ𸴣ΪⳡС粨ľš
ң˵ֻǻһۣȴʹ޷
ıʷ죬ƻãҾĵȴǻԼЦݣһֱΪҵЦģʶҵÿҲ˵ҵЦģƫƫǸҹµңЦ˲԰ף·ɵƤѾڣڳرߵģֻһƼįĻꡣ
µĸҽ̫ÿձȥ밲˵밲ʵǶҵİе̡

Ϊ8

̫һһŮȥ߽ϰֻһλߣѩҴ꣬ȴȻһʮĳģҽһˮһ˵˼ĹﳤŮעƽ˼ҵĺӳظЩʵֺγǣ
ѩعɫ㣬ϻۣ黭һѹֽ̨˿ǻʺ󣬿ɱϾҲǸӣԵ湬Ĺһ飬ѩʴӱȣҼֱ̨еһʹϿβ˯ܣÿضغҲá
ʺ󰡣ŮÿλŮӱضʥ飬ðĵذݵǰȴɵǺǵҷţȫû˼ȥʵϿεЩѶѧھӪȫ̻ңֻƫƫϲװͿƫƫֺߵ̨Ҳеڶķڷʦˡ
ҲѩͦϲǾģ˿·°ʢİǷֻͣҡҳ߳ŹŮĵıɵɵдʱعͷ΢΢һЦǣҲЦЦͬʱţľҿԴΧ˵п
ƺϲĻֻңҲֻ̨ÿʱգͻЩΪ̫ŮͿˣ̲סƺϲÿÿӵЦݶȻȥתһˣ
ˮԵʣҵԽԽ󾹻ѣοԵļҪҪ̫ҽҡͷ˵Ҫָоеû˹ңû˻ѩң޲ԼͻȻȥȻǼһȺҹͷ룬ֻԼĺܿЦ
룬·һжڤڤעΪʣԶҲᷢԺӣԶҲǸˡ
̫޹ͻȻԼȥǲлع׼ԡֵʢģȣеƣһ룬ҵĻѣ㷢ˣǰͻȻתתȫû˷Уǿһᣬֻθ䶯ͷǣΧĲкóʱһûȴˤȥ
һȥǰ󿴵ǴɫգȻһһ㲻ȴԺڻ
ʺˡۺĵһʱ̣ұԴЦ⣬ݵ㶯
תȥȴӨľο˵òβɷռţķ

Ϊ9

ЦЦߣҲܿҵô
ҡͷ̱ð棬ǿţǿС
ҲǺ˼ֻͷ˭
΢ЦҾūͫ꣬楡
ˣЩʧ
Цҡҡͷūǰʵ楣ǵġ
ô˵Űģ¶ЦݣҴûǰʵӣǵһ£ҲΨһһ
Цǣת˿ɫʺӺ飬ý̫ҽ
Ҳ̫ҽ
Ϊʲô
Ҳںʼ磬ɵɵЦţͫһ˸ҵϧ
ɵӣʹڻû֣һ춨һ˰飬ңɺã
ͷȻһϤ㣬÷㣬ĸζҲϲ÷ô
ͷ
ЦظˣĸҲϲ÷·ȫ÷㿴С˷ܵԴӽԺ󣬳˴鵱֮⣬ҼûΪ׼·Щ·ȻƯȴûĸζֻ봩ĸζ·
߽ͫңḧЩ÷̾Ǽõ뷨ʺĸͻݴϻ֮ˡ
ֻأĸƯǲԭŮӡ
ŶµһĻʺﻹôЦңȴ棬ƴͷš
ͻȻãʱǰĵȫصҵ壬·ֻҪԣҾͻ鲻Խطһо裬زԭǸ˭ҲҲõӥ
ҵɵˣЦţϲЦͺĸչЦһ㣬ǣ鲻ԽأסҿɲԽùã
ùãһܾûξȻˣҲգ徻ʺҹùãû˻עġ
Цŵͷ빬һ˿ģ·Ĺҵ˿󣬾ѪңڶŮ㶼֮ޣΪΩͫģЦŴ𣬻Ϊ̫ĸΪӲҵʺ￴ĺӣһҪ˹ȴּįĺӡ
ͫĹȷʵ徻ҲλڹǵƫƧطŮҲֻһǰͥȴ˺ö໨ҲвЩ̺죬ȴޣʺͫӡ
ͫ˵¾ֻǲŻһŭţҲ֮ӭɫڻΪҵһġ

Ϊ10

ĲݣģǷ
ģǹ𣬷ãɲǡ
ԸΪΪǣҫҹңӳֻҹҲݱġ
ͷһףԭΪŮӾ˳׵ľ磬һ٣ҹ£ȴ飬һвѰξƮز˼顣
׸ǹùԼôҺСȻ
ЦҡҡͷһǧǰŮ黪ʱĸ裬ʱ黪ŮӽˣŮ󽫴˸ڱ黪İֻɲǷ黪ȴؼ洦ɼķݣʱֻأϢ
Ȼʹ쳣
ֵͫŮд˸󲻾þ鱬֮黪ļ¡
ҵЦѹôˣͷܵġ
ͫ겻ҰΣҲԣͷŻתҵѧ٣
æͷûŤŲӡ
˫ҵָͷϸƣЦˣָƯѧٵĺϡ
ѧʲôã˭ͻȻЩ
ЦŮӣһûʲô˲һȴܵġ
Ҳˣ黭飬ûһġǰæŽ֪ʶŮ࣬ھӪʵڹвࡣ
ͫԳ˼˻ᣬҵֵﲻūΣ
ôҶգգ۾ġ
ͷЦԣȻԣǿū澵ҡ
Ҳ֪ͫ겻裬٣裬ʵľ裬һ˲ǰԵõȥһٴӹŮ楡
ûмĹŮԼֱĽ漣ǰȷʵжһӣɼʹŮˣס֮ģҲվ췽ҹ̷ѣǧԶֻɲǷ
ʹͫ꣺ǲǹŮֻ³
ҡͷ̫󲻾ͷô
ģʲôҲ
ŶҲô
ԶҲˡ΢Цָָϵߡ
ͫüĻʹϧ֮ɫʺ󰡣ûоԿԣֻбϣ˲ܺúûȥ
ĺܸлͫ굱˵仰ǻҵĺεҳԹӲдҿѡǷϣʹ೤׹صס

С޲1

Ϧ챻𵽵ģԣ˵Ϧҳӡ
ĵһǶ֮ѹʮһ̫ΪҶԹӸӦЩҵĵͻȻͫңŮ֮ҴܹЩԹɫΪ˴µĵΪڵú̫˻һ𣬾ö֮ҲͶЩ
ͫһʼȰ̫ҽӣΪһֱ޶ԵĹϵأҲͲȰˣתΪҵ壬ֻĵʽ֣õҩȫǻۣҲãҼɿ࣬ŲóԿҩҵ廹ʱʱʱûˣʱ˵ͻˡ
ͫȷʵǸʦ١塢Ҷúܿ죬޷ҵȣͫЦ˵ҺһǸһ費ԸͣѾͷʵֻϲڷƮĸоǰӯͺñȱ˳򣬽ŵ׸Ʋʣ·һۣȻƶϣҡ˫ȣ졣
ңóľֹˣѾüҹЦ˵࣬Ͷ̥ĵˣΪҪ¶ɱŵͨһ˵ϣһ£⹬ʹЦҲܱ˵
ҺѩԽԽˣֻҪϿΣͻܵҵķݾңԵĵģҳǰͥĴݵǰĲԭļ磬Լ飬ÿÿᾲؿңһɲЦûС
ҰͫǶͫһϲϲʱͫϳ˭¹򣬹ŰѩͷҲ˵楲ض񡣡㲻໰
ʶˣֵܾĸо˵Ŀš
ͫͷЦ˵Ǽ棬ʱСܲôǵū澡
ǸӣΨһһڸռʱߵˣ㣬Ҳ˵꣬ЦĿתͫꡣ
ͫ꺬Ц˵ģǲ˵Ŀ²ū澣Ǹռɡ
ѩЦһɬͷȥ̺Ļ䡣
Ҹͫȥ׼㣬ʲôռǹѩռô
ͫ꽫ŽЦȻʱԼÿŮռʵûʲô˵ݡ
ɻˣôǡù֪ռô
ͫǳǳЦţǽգΪĽ
ҿЦ٣ҲʵڲԸȥĥ⹬Ҫĥ̫࣬Զ档

С޲2

Σңѩºġ
ЦЦѩҺܺãҲ¡
ͫʣŶô÷
룬ָһҰԵĵģĺ÷
ͫһģ
ƻЩʲôɻֱȥЩܲʺҲûȥ
ѩûΪʲôͫùãһˣ֪ҹ¶įҪۣһֱչңѣӲռĽ֪Ը˵
ͫ꽫ɲųԵһ룬;һˣѩŮһߵףȻ˵ͬһ飺Ź˱ϲ˵ֹ˻ˣūʲôá
Уʲô°գ۾ĵģѩȴЦˡ
ڶʼɣ
ҲŲʼһҴŮءһ
ѩЦ̾ǶһҪ͵ģһԵʺȣҲɡ
ɻһֿۣͫ꣬Ҳͷͬ⣬ҲŸɰͰ͵ض˵ǰ̫͵ЩƷȥɡ
ǡּСŮȥ׼ȥֹ˵޹
ѩˣſڶԾȥĸҵȥֹ޹
ǡͷ
ȵȣȥ׼ɣҲҪȥĹĸͶ
һ̫Ҫֹ˶вһ˭֪ⶫͳȥֹ˻ܻܲ
ѩЩȥ䣬úҵӡ
һͱѩͫЦݲŻָȻҽ£ͷԵİóһС·ǲ͸ֹ˵ƷЩɡ
ҽӹЩС·һؿһԽԽϲôÿ·ô
Цŵͷ
ˣһֹ˲Ʒôÿ·͸ϧˡ
ҵģõģҲͳԵġ
ץסҵ֣˵ظ棬ҲˣĪΪʲôͲƷǶĺӸкôô

С޲3

ҡͷ˼ģ㿴ѩõûͳԵôùһΣ·ͳԵġ
Щ·ôÿץЩ·һӡ
ͫЦˣ˵úÿͺã·㲻ûʱҲ˲˼ֹ˶ϲҲһġ
֪Լ˵ҲǿӦŽ·СĴ
ԺҾֱȥ̫ǶѩûֹǶҲϿƷ͹ȥֱץİѱ
ȥʱ̫һ˾Ų裬һһڵСָ߸ţָڵƹ¸ۣ߽ȥ밲̧һ۱еߡ
˵ֹȥ˼С·ֹϲĺء
ҺٺЦˣϲͺãһԼ͵׾ء
̫ǳЦһۣĲŻز輸ϣ񵽲׾ֹͦ£ֻǣǶǺʱѧôһֺŮ֪
ҡҡ֪ƫҲ
ļ֮ȴĻţǻʺڹĸŮĸ׵Ĳûʲôˣֻ㣬֪֪治֪ģ㻹̫С̫˻׼һ»ǵöЩ
ƽʱȥͫǶǾ͵Ϊľǲ뾪ɾˣԾܱ֪˲ߣ㶼㲻̾վǿܣϱ˶ٸߣԼ
ʵǶֻǿͫ١塢顢ͨϣǶҺʦͽ֮⣬
ǹһĨЦҪأ
ǶԸġ
ҪҪ֮˵ģѱ֮˱ؽٲ
סˣԥŵ̫һҪôô
ЦģбңĵģԼأ
Ĳǲеģ̫ڱңתһ룬ҲգҶֻǲ˳ѾС
ã֮˵ģԶ̫ѣ֮˱ؽٲ
̫Цһ֪֪İҧĿƿĬΣ뻳ǣĪҪԹޱסĻŵֻԼܰҲֻԼ

С޲4

ͳ죬ҹҵ壬ĻһŮ˵ڲȻһжñһУ⹬һС
ȥĹҵһȥĵܷ̣Ϊҵ빬꣬ȴһҲû޹ڣʱҲδʶ̵ַʹ
ĸĸɺáƽûһ¶ȵ״ݲȡ
̫΢Цͷǣҵ֣յϲֹ˻ӣñĻ
Ц̫£ûվߣͷܡ˵ǵ޹Щصع֣˱ҪĻ᣻ƿװΣ汦ûУܿ죬ҾʶԼˣû汦汦ֻ͡
ǸҵغܾɣĶ棬ֻһ̧ͷܼ˶΢΢һĵڴģǳǳЦƳע⵽˻ϵʣ㡣
ǵʱȷʵɵһʱҾԼǣǳ㡣̫ҵĿ⣬ҲǸЦһͣȴǽߡ
Ǽ޹ѹ꣬˵㶼δĹǲЩʧǣ
ĸ˵ļǣˡǳǳףұڿͻȻо¶Ⱦһʶȥ
ûϵһ㷴Ӧؿң̫ûϵһִüͷ֪Լִˣۻŵ
Ұ˲ȻǣԣЦ̫˵Ҳãܲȥİˡ
̫Űɵؿҡ
æ̨˵ˣںϷǰŮײ׵ġ
ʵʱʲôǺϷǫ̂ȻҲû˵Ǿ仰˭ֹͻʺӴǣʵû취ˣֻ˸ɳûһһҵ˫۾һ˿Ц⣬̫ҲЦŴɿ֪ѹ
ºܿ㱻ˣȴ޷ǣΪʲôʶƿ֣ΪʲôʶҪִ˼ʱҸԼܶ𰸣ҲΪֹ˻ˣҲΪǽϵͼҲΪҾİˣΪϾǲԭǸ˭ϳ˭ˡ
ΪҽΧѩĵҵĴЩΣҵ˵˺Щȥҵķݾӣһԡߵʱ̫˵ʺѹʮһԲμЩС͵Ĺ͢ˣʫ磬һͬϯɡ

С޲5

ǡӦһǴӦˣǿ첽ĵʱͻȻסֻǻ˲ңѩѩҲȥʫɣüι㶼δˡ
ҿѩıһͣʹһ˿ʹ漴ɢˣǣ֣һȥ
ʫ죬һûù·˼ذ׵ɴȹȹڴż֦ǵĺ÷ͫΪҵЩױδŨΣҺϲָолȥ԰
ǰͫʫǹŮǻȲյĹ磬ͨʫΪ⣬ԸΪԳ⡣ЦŻùֱ˵費͵ˡ
⼸е㷸ԣԲʫϴ̫ã԰ʱŮˣŮһͨʺﵽʫϵȺǻͷңž벻ʡ
ǵһμңǵ۾ҿԿǶԻ¹ڻ
μʺ৵һŮ£ȹڲݵϿ̬ǧĻ䡣
Ҿߵǰʩ˸ûңʾ¡
ϰףУұߣֹˣҵһμģ֪ǸһɫŮˣľͫЩûмûбƫԹŮ֮һٽΪˣ˵Ůдһ
˵ǲ˵ƽ˼ҵŮӣ¹˾ֻܵϵķˣȴôãԼѡĵһˣôŮƫֻһ˹ˣһƾκγ͢ѵֻΪһ֮òô
־ʺʺǧꡣǳЦ밲
Լ밲˵ʵĲϰߣͫ˵Ժǻùҽн㣬ǹͻƤ񣬲ҵǳ밲ʱϸü֮мƣͻȻΪʲô˳ԭһǱ˵Ӱӡ
Ȼֹ˱ϾֹˣϾǹһӵˣңһҪԲҪѧԹɫͫҲ˵һСڻʺλӳιǰܲմ⹬ȾͱȥմԣЦͷϵĽƯʱͰӰݵǰ
˻ӣȴֻЩ㣬һֱùⲻȥղͳʫ˽Ʒϰɡ
ЦӯӯӷŵϣҿԿӹʱ۵˸Ĺâȴ֪ǸжǾ㵣ʱע⵽Ŀ⣬ζңЦЦЦ⣬ӶüͷװûƵˡ

С޲6

˿֮Ц֮֮ʱʱʫӿҿĳǶܿģԭĵľҲһ㱻ǹĻ£棬Ҳһʫһ裬һ٣һ裬ͫĻŮӣһ޿ɺǣһȴܣȴڿˣôŮ˰нϾĳ棬ʵֵĿԡ
żһ᲻һۣȴͬһϷʣұĵعʱ̲ס˻͵ЦҲˣЦҲЦˣڿˣתϵľƣһֱȥȴ룬ҵֻûӣץס
һͷȥȴҲңǱȷŸϷʣôˣ
ҵͷգգ۾
ЦһֶԵĹŮ˵ȥʺ׼һ
ʮһˡҵ
Σǲҡ
ü¶Ͱ͵񣺡һҲô
ҵġ˵úºͣЦҲº͵ģΣŮ㽫ˣӹӣСĴ˼ڣǺ˲ŵݵǰȰɡ
ҵѿٵϣ˭ҷѽǣݺݵһۣҽӹһһڹԹԺֻǣζ΢΢ſĲˮɽ˵һ˿˿
ⷬµʱߵֹˣû֪ˣҿԿֹ˺ȾʱеĿ⣬һڴһʧҪ˭ȽҪӦֹǰϾӣ˶ΧתֱǱȫˣδֹ
Ҳ֪ǷνӦǰɣССȸԾȸԾ󣬸ŨʧȴסңԶֻ̫һöӣһöҪص֮󣬽ǺͯϧһңԺأҳˣֹһˣǷ񻹻ٿһۣ
ʫϣ뷨һֱҵȫʫûȤŮǽ˵⣬Χ߻˵ЦҸоǻ԰һ·֮ˣǷĶղΪ
ֿʼһ÷ǳ̲סΪ˲ŵ£ʱ˳ʫ磬תԶĺϱߣô˵̬ϲ
ҹҵһ˿һ˿һһƣմҹɫЩį
ٻʱѩߣһһ˲㯺һֱЦ滻ѩʱģôû㣿

С޲7

΢΢һЦЩصĸоῴļң˼ȫ˰ɡ
ұ˵ЩͿ
Ҳףּ˼֣Բ軻ơ
ŻȻԭղŵ龰ȫˣŮٶûע⵽ء
ѩ㻹ʲôӲ۾
ЦȴǴӱȡ˾ƾߣȻһֲȣǾ͵źȰɡ
۾ɲƽʱʶǸˮѩ
ô㲻ȣǾͰˡתҪߡ
ûȣˣסΪȷʵܾûȹƣ볢ʣȴΪҿҪһȾơ
ӦˣЦŶҹУͤ£ԣǾô͵͵žƣҲҺ̫ͣһһڵţѩȴȵü죬һһûֹ֪Щ˵ڵġ
ãЩŮӿôƺȥʱ˿ڣ˳Ŀȥȴϡ
˵ģߵŮǣ
Ů٣ЦҿһԴ׵޲һӰڴϡ
ü̾Ůӣôô
ôĸ°һȴһû뵽ѩҲ˵˳嶯Ļ
ѩ㣬ôˣǲʲôĵ飿鲻ԣҪ˵
ȴҡͷЦ˰ʲôãһȺɵӣֵطһʲôãгӵеŮˣôܻר裬ôܰԶһ˵ϡ
ؿĻһһενҵζȳֿࣺȴ㣬ĵذš
㣿ѩ۵׸˿ʲôǶȡ¿п޵һ߶ѡ
ˣϲĻ֪ˡؿ
ȴҡͷҡͷЦַЦȥֺαرֵĿŵһŮ˴һĻڷǰôⲻΪñ˾ѣ
ͽؿǱ˺ݺݴһǡ

С޲8

̧ʱѩԭն˫ͫȻһˮǣĽ㡣
ĽңòĽҴ߰ɡ㿪˾Цա
ЦЦתȥʫϵŮ٣۵׵ɫôҲ
ٹᣬһŮҴææ˵ʲôԭڰٻЦݣĵ
һߣҺѩҲǽˣʫ磬ҲÿܣȥϢԣߺҺѩ׼ϯˡֻǣϯǰŮ˼Ʒ˵͸ŮٵģŮǿĲѣ׷ԼϸѩõʲôҲֻ֪֪ԼõǼõ磬ѩѩ׵ģȥů
ʺ»лҪūתϲ磬ƷСŮ͸ˣ̧ʾ˵һݲŵҪתС壬š
һůЦЦ㽫ϡ
ѩأֻһžѹͻعԼȥͿɣǲģϴͻȻ˻ѣڹߴ·ȴЦŰοᣬûôùġ
һΪȴҳȵĶ࣬ҲԸǷݳȱֳԭͲԸǷݳȣϲʱңǸԭӥңŵġ
ˣҲŻҵķݾȥҹ͸ɴһһ壬Ҳҵͷߣһߣһ뿴Լ˼˼ʵڲĺȵ״ʲôǲǸԼȥʵ̫ԣħ̧ʱҾȵطԼվĵԵĳߡ
Өĵƻ𣬻һӰǶȾŵɫĴɴϡǸӰӣ֣ɴֻб磬ʧ䣬ַ£Ҳڴʱҿһˣһĵˣ㡣
Ůм䣬ܶϵñܱغܵͣɵƻӳһ̣֮ǰͻȻͻȻˣɻȻ֮ȴһµʧ䡣
ɴϵӰٹµһˣӵĻ棬Ҿһᣬ۾ת˳
£ǱˣƬƬˮеšͻȻиֵ뷨ҴȥĵǷᶪİˣܳϧؿһۡ

С޲9

Եʮһҵһͷǰֻ֪ɵЦңѵͷĵزϵĵĸ֪ˣһĸһ޵İɡ
۾ֹס˲ǣǰͻȻתһûüӦһѵ˳
һҵ˳ɴȹɢѩһƬˮûҶеûûкһƬҶ㾲ص׳ǰĴҹصһγһֺܹɫĪҿһ磿Īǣյֻܻһ侫꣬²ĵǷϧһۡ
ĥţһֻͻȻ˽
ĸҲ֪һ£
Һ˵ĵһ仰ֻҪһ仰ԾɻһŵǿʱհڹԵãˤϣȷ˵ſϡ
ʮɣȻЩδѣ˫۾񣬷·һŻĴȼţۣȴ޷ƿĿ⣬Ҵˮҵķҵ£ЩνҲصңĻ⾲׵ҹ£·һǹ㣬ҵļ䡣
ôԵһᣬҵıﾢһܺãȿڵιſûſɣ
ʵ֪ſǼܲŵ£һĸĹײ֪ᴫʲôҾ뿴׻ʲôӦȻţϵĲڵĺȴǣһʵ̫ɷ羰ˣɷĳ嶯
ΪϡſϰƳһۣվ˦˦ͷˮ˦ȴˮ
ιŮӼҼҵģľòáԹˡ
Һݵǲľôš
ЦſһۣüĹģ
ݾӡ
ʺˣ
ǻʺˣ
̧°͸˳ΪʺֶܰŵĿɿڴ֪ϷʾŨˡ
ŶԭǸֱɵҰʺ󡣡
㡭̧Ͻһеȥ

С޲10

ֿ죬ңұɸҺס֣ʹ֮ǰקһȥ
䡪
ҵĵڶˮ
ΪóѶȴۣĨմȾаЦӵһɲԽ޼ɵ
ŭˣ֪ԼӾ˦߿ƫǲңץסһֻ֣ӣˮ֮ҿĺڷˮɢҵķһ顣
һұק˻ҳˮ棬ˮʢ绨ʪ
ι㱧Ҹ𣿡ŭس
ЦһЦ㰡
ƿſңǻʺұң
üһȷ㲻Ӿɡ
ͽȻסĶˣЦ
Եˮϲûܶ㿪˼ˮæؿ˺üҼԼڵóѣǽЦʾƫҴʱˮҰֵؾһһȥԽԽ˷ܣԭ벻ڲ֪бⳡˮ̾ɢֻǵһ¹رͺǱǵЦȾˣرΪǶš
ϰʱҷŰߣԼңҿԼʪ·뿪ЦԹιҰѻʺŪǴ󲻾
Ұڻʺ磬жҲã˵˾䣬һ̾ץסҵ־
ιǸ𣿡ҿַ৵غղűΪ˾⻹⣬ǣ־ǾԵĹ˰ɡ
Ȼǵûзֵ˼ǻ˿Ц⣺عҵĻʺУιҽо裬סˣ衣
ʲôŲ岻ģˣץ֣һ㷴ӦҲûУһ𣬱ץŵһطʲôҲû˵ǻȻδǰ档ߵ·ǸоҶµͣĶģҰůرҾʹԼ
˵ػֻܹԹԵزٷ
죬һҹ⹬ڶˣ衣

󹬶1

ϲЦݣˬ⣬ִżааЦѴϽȥĨȥЦݵˣҡ
ǵô̤âǹ⣬֣ǽһġ
˵仰ʱЦɫһ԰׵Ҿġ
ůҵѪﻺʡ󣬿ֱͦıƮݵĺڷ˵ļ¶
صݾӵʱѻǵʱ򣬰βŻع
ô㡭
·ϻҲСĵˡ˵úƽΪǱҵǱˡ
Ҳûʲô󰭣㲻׷ʣֻǰԵľ裬ɫȻ赹ʲôҲûЦòãһ³Ȼҵϣһģ˵ʺԼĹȡôһ֣Ӻ᣿
ϲܵôҵһۣһʾҵλӣҹߣȴĵģֳԴؿҡ
ôף˼ϲˮŮӡ
ϲģҵģʲôϵӲ
Цô˵ĵԵˮﲻΪ˴̼ǴżȻ
ЦзĳŪ֮⣬ŭ㣡
ʲôüһ
ûйʱ齣Ĺʲôλ̧žϲȣһæ㿪
ĺݵģطܲȵ𣿡
Ҳ˼ǲݴĳ죬Ҳȣ

ã
Ҿ㻹ˣ
ûȣ
ǣôѹϲ㣬ȢΪʱ͵ſްɣЦһۣȴǱͻȻ˵£ͷ˵ˣŮ£ֻҺķݾӿյЩȣɴϵӰصһ𣬾ͺӰӵһ̧ţͻȻ˺ݺһѣƵܡ
ôˣˣҲٻ죬ȻЦݡ
ŬŬ죬ƵصȢӹʲô£ҲŲء
Ǿͱɵˡңᡣ
һǱ紵ŵԵʣۿһӺ
£ɻˣôˣˣ

󹬶2

һԲؿȴŴŵص£ʱæҪȥҵᣬɻûҵͳһҲǣҲǵģްǺ㿪ЦģҴ˺òã˰Ůӵû취ˣ
ʵʱֻҪйһе˵Ļȫ޹ϵȴΪǱŪ޵ģǺεģҸˣҹҪŪܹĿĸоʵ̫ûˡ
ҴˣȲȣǳ˲ͷ˹ҵķ䣬бһЭεģͻȻЦ˳
˭ϡ㣬Żҷ޷죬ߵһͷһԡ
ΪЦˣ˿У˳㣬˵ȫԣɲ
ɣֱ׳ػص
ЦߣʵǺģͦɰġ
ͷΪֱŷŪңҲңﵹӳĹâԺΪ¿ˣһҲ
ҹƴɢȥӯӯ¹ɴ籡ǵԣؿϢţĬţһǹůĸжĵܻʽҵѪҵ⣬ÿһ֡
ϣ˵౱ɽ£˵궼˾Өѩֻϧַ˵ѪĴ
һ죬Ҫѳ˵ĻԶϳ黪ء˵⻰ʱ˸Ĺâڲôһ죬ҪҲûս
ֻͷңᶨȫһʮеġ
ûл𴽽ǣЦݴһлش
ǣҲЦˣһֵĺˬ䣬ĺмֵζ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˯ŵģֻ֪ʱϣȴ˴ޱѾ뿪ˡ
ʱ磬Ÿ¶ףû⣬ǿڡ
˼·Ҫȥߣûʲô˵Ļʹĺįͺñһ˵ĻĹѨҲǻĵط
ȻЦݣͻȻҵУһŵˬȴֺŮ꣬衣
û˭ôҰ¸ͫ꣬ͫЦеңҡͷĵ̫˷ܣˡ
⹬ô
аֻˣо͸ǻˣǣڱ߹ѧǻعûзġ

󹬶3

ͫ˵߽ͷϵİγڷ˿ʵĺڶУкأ԰ʱСı˷ֻᡣ
İϸƣϲĺܣ̫ʱŮҲһ֧֪ù֧Ρ
Ů֧Ϊľ˵Ǵ黪ֲİľȡ֦ɣʤѩ覴á
һŮ黪֣ҵֿʼۣ˵Ů黪һתǻŮԶҪѡ
ͫȻͣϵĶΪô˵
ҵ黪ΪǰԸͳһ䣬ضǸɻŮأʹˣԾɲܰԼ밮ˣʹˣ޷õİڻ黪ഴµĻҵľѲֻǰʹ࣬Ȼˣѣ黪һǸá
ǣ黪Ϊ˻ŮģֻлŮԻ
ǣɵ黪ΪŮǰ֤룬ȷǸ˺
ҷ°Ȼİ̵̫ۣҲֱӡ
ͫ궨ң˵ʲôվŤͷžĬĬ
˰ᣬͻȻŻŵشӴſڳ˽ͷ˺顣
ˣˣ
ʲô£ųü
ܵǰ£˵ֹ˵ĺûˣ
һ⣬סˣֱһ죬ҲףΪʲôͫӲǲͳԵĵ˵ͳԵȫȥ̲ˣһʱĻ̵̻ģͻȻסǡ
̫˵ѹȥ¿ɷ񰲺ãȥֹǶ
ȥεҧҧȥοֹҲˣʱǶôеֻζҲȥ׼㲹õĶֱȥֹǶ
ǣ̫˵
̫̫󣬵˭ӣһ˻
ɫһףͫһۣȣͫҲɫȻ̫ȥȥҪ¡
Ҳ£еȥοһ˵ˣָֹǶأұ죬оᡣ
ͫЦʾȥҵﰡԸԸ⣬ܸҪģñ˻

󹬶4

ͻ⹬˭֪ҲǸܻʺ̫ӣĶӣԴ⹬ʲô˵ʲôȫñţ̲סˣһͰѻȫ˵˳ͫæסҵĿڣ̽ܣŵˡ
ǲҪô⻰ǰ˵˵ͰˣҪǱǻˣ
ûûɣ⹬ûֻЦ˿޵ġҵڣͻȻʧġ
ˣһͫĻȥĵ뿪ǰҿͫۿ˵ͷģһͷġǣҲͷֻҪһɣһڲԭɣ飬˭
ǰʱߵףȴҵŮȥ
ңۿǸǸûߵظˡ
ûֽͨƿƿһɲǣڴ˷磬ķײһ𣬽ҵķͬʱ߸𡣵űʣû̧·ȫûоҵĴڡ
Ǹ밲ꡣߵǰ£ȴδߵףͷ
̧Ƴһۣ̫û̹ôҵĻʺǰֱ֣˵檡
ЦҲĳ檣Ҳûѵɹĳ檣ֻһλӡ
Ҳ֪ȻĻȫһԵ˵˳ûϵһ棬ңʺ㻹Ҿǡ
ԺһӾȵġҵĵ֮
Ĭ˻ᣬҵ۾΢΢𣺡ң㾿ʲô㣬Ŀʾˣǡ˶٣ϸɵĻ̫ƽȫûһոɥӵǷ
סûϵԼŭһԭɾܱ³ǣʱʢƢֱѹôãһȫ֪ǲңǸ˻ء
ıûһ˵ӡһۣʣڻͻȻΪֹʹҲΪԼʹ֪ʱθ룬ŸɥӣڴϣԼķȴƶȫûһ˿ϧ˼
ңԼתȥҪ뿪ʱͻȻͣɥӵĲֹˣ㣬Ƿأ
Ҳ֪ķӦΣΪҿҲȥʱս˱ʣҵͫɱ⣬ǣоаɣҲںѲǲԭǸֵȥһӵ磬ңҲǸֻ֪ɵЦΪסԸҩѾͷˡ

󹬶5

·ֹ˵ĹÿһİҲһ֣ûһЦŵģȫ԰ʱʱ̫ҽ߾ҾִҴȥ
ôǰ˹Ů
Ůףһƣģػʺ㣬Ǳסˡ
ҵͷŹգиӲ
ȥʱֹڴԵϣɫҰֽ˿ţˣ밲ȴˡ
ˣ˻ǺúϢɣءҶ΢ЦԼЦݿɷЩ
˱ϵĴ΢΢𣺡ū澣ū澵ˣﻹŽӻ¡
˲öģ³㣬ܿǾͻһӵġס֡
ȴҡͷˣ²ˡ
룬ġ
֪³Ĳū澣һˣÿÿū澣ū澶ܸо͸ūһףū澲ǸƷ˵Ʒ
ЦҵͻȻ˽ԭиӣūЩʲôҲûˣūµһ˿߶ˣūǳ׵طˡ
һƿĿ⣬ȥԭѲ£ȴΪΪ˺һֱţֹˣϲô
̶̵Ĺâת˲ֱȻı滻⹬ūһ£ǶԱ¶顣
ͻȻ޵ĳ嶯ſַɱ˳ȥֻǣܵǰʱͻȻͻȻǻˣڼҵһɲǣŨ
ǣǸǰԺ紵Уű˴ˣĿڰսһҺȻоǸֻǰһЦŵŵİˣԵأۡ
еĹŮߵ¹ԣû˿ǵ飬Ҳû֪߹ĨȥҶˮ
ʺ֪ҲкܶΣ
ˣô
΢΢üе˶£ȴûдңĬôǿų˵Ļ϶ң㵱ʺǲͲˣ
ôҲ㺣ʺ㲻ġ

󹬶6

ʵ̫ģӣĶӣȻãҲɵʲôоҺˮʪҵߡ
£ΪĨȥˮǣҵˮҲʪָǣվǸӡ
һλҵ֣ҲһΣǾĻʺ·εıǽҽĵһͽǸҡ
ǣΪҵĲǻʺνǵʺǸˣң㡣ͻȻ㣬̫󣬺ҲԼҲܵһӵĺӣһ죬ҾͳһѲĿڵĵӣԣҪңô
˵仰ʱҿͻȻֵʹĿУΪҶʹôҿЦξ鲻Խ磬Ǻˡ
˵úᣬᵽζǸ
ǣоͻȻһҺȻĻţ˰Ĵӿֹܳ˵Ĺ
ûܻԼķݾӣǻصĳϱߣ֪أǸЦݣǸܹҷиԿЦݣĶ
òҵİɣȻôð˳ÿÿѹʱ̡һͷӯӯˮ裬һֻصϡ
ôֿˣҡˣ
ָָԼôǸĴӣû˳ֱӿ޺ɵŮӿҲᰲο¡
ûҵΪʲôޣôοץץͷģҲЩˡ
һֱָıӵȵҾҪޣ㣡
ޣʲôѽĪҵ۾һƬ¶ҲӣҲҸܿ޵ĶѣҪôɡôǰΣĬĬվǰ£һ仰ҲûУȴʼյҡ
ҶȻƵĺ֮䣬żסҵˮϦ£Өѩ
ڷ罫ǵķͳͳʱץסҵ֣תķȥ
ҪȥĶһᣬҳ
һ޵ĵطûлͷȴػشҡ
ϦɴӯƮǵļͷǣ֣ǰںϼǵķͬĺ죬ǵҲͬɫʡ
ߵ·Ҵû߹ԹĹǣʱȴѹ

󹬶7

ͣʱǰһĵıԺԺװμΪأ·ܾûס
Ķ
Ҳȫߵĵط
Цҵ߽ڣ¥ݣִĴݶ
˵Ĳҿ޵ĵطôݶ¡
ץץף˵ǰҲĵʱͻ룬ӦҲ㿪֪٣٣ɾ
ɻһۣǰȥݶҰǰδеؿ˺ö࣬оͺֻص˲ԭһ޼ʵ̲ɽֻһۣʲôܿ
ϲ˰ΣͻȻ˵
ٺЦǾͺãһ⻹ǿޣҿ治֪ôˡ
ҲвĵʱôҾȵص
ϻʰһʯӣݺⶪȥô˵ĵط˭һֱİ
ҵͷ̾ҲǣԴûĹҺԭȥ
ﱾͲʺţ㲻ġ
ǣ̫ģһۼˣҲ뺦ǡ
ɵϣǸˣġ˵úϡ
ȴЦҡͷ̫Ȩʱң⿹ּҲ˵İɡ
̫󣬺ߣ̫󣬡Цʯ˳ȥ˵̫󰲲ߵߣΪ¿ޣ
ûѡ񣬡ҴҲѧӿʼʯӣʹҲĳ裬ֻҪռŻʺλӣ͵Ǵ̫
ûҪôҡ
ҵЦ˵ˣô
ûͶô
ǸˣͶʽ̫ĿĺȥðգҲԸȥðա
ĵ˵ţ֣𻨶ϿƮĻꡣ
ߣһ˿ϦȥҹɲǣǳƶˣҿԼķķһͬڷУʱһʱƮͬĽ䡣
Ҫˡ
ֹ˲֪õĳĬῪڣƶ˱˰ƿƮĻ

󹬶8

һת˵ΪʲôҪߣȥĶ
߾ˣȥ߽硣ңЦˬǰ
۾ҪˣϽ˵ްȥ̣˵ҪѳԶϳ黪ҪҲûս
ʲôʱȵʵֵô
ɦɦͷЦҲ֪ʱȻͻˣҸұ֤һټġ
ҴҧŴ֪ͱ
˾ôĬţ϶ʯӣᲦŪĻ꣬¹ͶǵӰӣŵ׷ֿӰӣڲԶĵطһͻȻʯˣңˣô
ͣסеĶȥĿ⽻һǣЦˣͬŲʱǰЦݣܹһеЦݡ
ιȻ㲻˵Ҿ͵ĬϿüͷؿҡ
ҰһۣϽιҲιҽǣסˣǡ
ǣùֵ֣ŮӸôԼġ
ֲŹأ壬ҿͽСˡ
Сӵ֣ˡ
˵ͺˣ㲻ҽУҾͿ޸㿴
Уֻ׼УûֲңЭ
һЦͷ
ҹȻ䣬ݶϣǹȻĺյͬʱͬһ𣬷׷˹ǵÿ䡭
֮ûټ裬һͣͻȻ߽ҵ磬ͻȻʧ٣ʼû˭Ϊڹȥ磬ԸԶǸͣûκݵססҡ
ԺһϦʮˣ붬ĵһϣֹûˡ
ԴʧȥԺδùһҳȥһЦؾãЦЩֻǣ˵ĵ޷ģԣˣڻķʽ뿪˹ǡ
ϣֻңˡ
ûж䵭ʹڲʱÿҰģΪֹ˰ģҲΪԼġ

󹬶9

ʱıϣƾںڵķ˿ɢţ۾ɲıˣҵĵס
ҿ˻ʶһͬĻ룬ΪҪΪΣһƽˡ
µһ仰ĵƮįĹϿա
ҹͷһһصݾӣֹ˶̥ǵһεദƺû˵©Ǿ仰ҰңҹȴǸʧį
쵽ݾӵʱȻ˵úôڹúչԼ
£ˣΪұôûдӦҪȴʳôһ⡣
ңϿ̵̳ǣһ죬һɡ
ʲôɣֵֹĽѣǷһزԭͷ˵ʹ
£Ҷǰķסҵ˫ۣΣǣ㲻ôڲԭԶڲԭ
ҾǵЦݣﱻ˵ǳ΢Ĺâ
ǣḩҿĶͷ
Ժǻôϲµġ
ˮۿǰһ̣תЦ߽ҵĹҲǰޣҲĵ¸㺡֪Ϊǣվֻĸ顣
ͬĶ죬ڲ˿֧裬ͫ꿪ĵЦݣ紺ƮҵĿգֻʱʱĳįҹһȥݶһŵļįǣŴʱĲԭϣ۾ǷǰһӪԶĲϣͬһƬǿաͬʱ̫ӣΪȨ¶Ƶɿ黪ûЦŽϡ
ǣˣȻЩѧĻҲշعǡ
죬վڹǰϣվߣЩ緢Ļ½ߵǰȻһμǸͻȻҵЦˬֺŮ꣬裬ҵС塣

ع1

ټ裬һͷɫĳֻ黪ӵеķɫԽҲԽǿķɫֻڼʱŻὥֳҰǿɲͬĳȡķǸ߸𣬷ҵϥǣǷµĻӦܵɡ
֣򰲣
ߵǰϥ£ɫĳƮڷСҾ̧˹ǣ漴ҡ
ҵͻȻûٿȴ鲻Խ¶Ц
裬һȥҲ˰ɡʵ֮΢㺡
ջĿ⣬Цػ֣ĸӶʮ졣
Ŷüǰô˵ҵļ⿩
ҹԳЩҲûʲôþȵġ٩٩أһò˼ҲûС
Цͦ˱ҲҪʲôֻ֮Щ֣ɻûףͻȻĿ¶ɱָ΢ۣһѱдܳ貱
ֻʱѳߣΧĹŮѾĿɿڴеķӦûˡҲŵصʵ޷ôǰɱԼĵܵܣһ̣ĴеҵĲʱľ㵳ҵͷԡ
ȥ費֪ʱվҵߣǷС¶Цݣƣš
˵װĻ֣Ҳ̫͹˰ɣΪһǰǸҴܵľôҪҲķӰ
ɢȥĳƮ˼ºкڵϣһӡǣŨɱѾȻ޴档
ѵ°ɡٻʱºֻصϡ
üааؿңű͵ҲŻţ
شֻЦңҺ˺ǵ¾ͲˣҿǿĺܣŲֶǰɣʺ
ǿҧгݵظղŵĻ
ǿĪǣ㲻ǿ𣿡ضЦ
ŭȥаĿ⣬ǣŭʢȹںݲĽűת·žˡ

ع2

ҽС
ǿ㿴ߣ
ŭæ㵽ǰĹ棺ôô
εңЦһž̾ǽ˲٣ɷ˵ı»дǿ
квŮһۡ
Ҳȴ䣺£˼涼кô
ϴЦ⣬ɻػȴǾ裺ǵȻҺͻʲôϵϣ߹ȭļֻЦţ͵Ĺâ
Ұһۣ죬ƫɹŮĴǵע
̫ﵽ
ҿϵЦݶʱһģЦҲˣ΢һף̫ĸ󡣡
̫̫ǧꡣҴҲŹ
̫ͷʾƽĿȴɴת˾裺ţһỽԵĲʯײҵĵס
ĸĸ󰲺á
ͻȻһˣĿͬҹ硣ۼ̫۵ظգͻȻֱƭĸо
̫Ķӣҿûлشֻͷ
һŭĵ״Һҧ´סҪŭĳ嶯˵ˣɲȻȥ
תҰΣףȥɣ̫ҽȥ
̫˸ֻȥ뿪ʱҿ̫ͣϵĿͻȻתңȴĿ⣬ش߾߹
ϣѩ˵ģţʵڳԲȥŵȥͫǶͫϸ˻ᣬεѩȷʵþµĸ㣬˶٣ңԺﻹٳָĺãĸζ̫أ岻ãʺϳԡ
ҸɬЦЦУĵظ١
ʲô˳ĵ£һϣͫ㰴סҵ֣ҵȥ
ҧס´ҡͷزŪҡ
ͫ״΢ЦǾۣǽǾͲѧˡ
ҲǾۣæ̧ͣͫ꣬ԥ˻˵ùãΪʲô⹬˶ϲƭˡ

ع3

ﱻ˭ƭˣ
һѣһΪԳΪѵˡ
ǡƭʲôˣͫ̽ʡ
ҳĬƬ̵ҰĸоˣҲ뵱̫ӵĸо˭֪Ȼǡ
˭ͫҲģҾ͸ҰѾ˵ˡ
Ǻˣ˰٣ҾһɨµԽùã̫ң⹬Լ˭Ҳţô
ͫ΢µ⻰ô
ţҶ˶˵ڣȴƭˡ
֪ƭ㣿ͫʣסһʱͫˣ̾Цŵ˭ƭ˱ضԼĿԣòǾ仰ùֻܸһ㣬ţȱͷУأ
ҳ˼˻ᣬתЦŹùá
ͫ겻ң΢Ц
ʱʼնףΪʲô⹬ÿ˵ЦݶôˣͫǣǣѩҲǣֻоЦˬǣҲֻʱˬѡ
룬ǵܸؿǷݲΪ֪ĴҵԺָôĻôȴԾ޷ıѾ˵ʵĻ
ͫĻ۾Ҫȴˣȴ⹬еһУҲʱԺſˣһõӰ˽ϳ
ѩ㡣Цܹȥס
ңҲЦˣҾ֪
ȥݾҹңɻ
΢΢ҡͷڱǶ¸ȥ̫ҽ˵㲻ڹұһ
ڸλӽӷϴôʲôҹں˵
ѩЦ˵ҵĶͷѾͷӲɣ治㣬ͻȥ
˵Ҳæתƻ⣬Һ£ǲкóԵҪң
֪ԣѩصضЦʵǰһ˵æţҲļĺܣԾҰæޣ

ع4

ҶѩգգۣͻȻ˭üˣҲ
㲻ҲüŰԵĺԺſ˽
תߣܻͫȣͫȴЦߵǰߵͫ楼ӡ
ɡƹֱӳ嵽ǰһץסҵתͷͫ˵楣ҽһᣬûɡ
ͫЦظˣҿɲʺ󣬻ʺԼɡ
ҡҸоͱס졣
ͬ⣡
˵꣬סңһᲽֻӰ৴ɨҹ罫ҵķ¸߸˺ڰգ֪ǿ߿ʹ÷ĻҲ֪黪ֻһ˻ɣȴҲͻͽһز
Ȼ뵱ֻӥǣ˱շɵĸоĲôοҵ˻ұ۾Ƚŵȷʵ˺ʵĸоҲֽ۾
ĺЩƿֻЦû¾ͱɣ˰ɡ
Ƴһۣȥֻ˲ܴ죬ҲҪο÷ɵģһߡ
ұͲߡ
üܣҹŻһͬҵգ㻭渡Ժ·ƮĻ꣬һƬ꣬һݻ䡣һǰҲҹҲݶ˵Ҫˣġ
ôͷվڻңҲȷʵ
ҲǹģҲشĬ˰εҡֻǲᡣ
Ѿˡ
᣿ǾʹҲǹƭĿ۾ͻȻ֪Լ˵˻æ⡣
ˣƭңҲҪԭ㣡ô˵ȴ
ˣлһ˿ʧ֪ҵݻ᲻ңο㲻ĸô
ҿû˵ֻǲƶѡҸȹڣ¡
̽ңΪ˻ô
ΪԼûпĿǰƻ貵Ĺǡ
ҲҵĿ⣬γҰ㡣
΢ãʱûǸңȻɣǣû̫˼

ع5

ڷôԾɻ̫󰲲߶Բԣ˿ŭ⡣
Ҳȥô
ҲңΪô
ҳĬֽеĻ̯꣬ᴵ˳ȥɾ裬ԵȾ¹ĵɫ
農ң˸ŵƻǳĹâΣͷȥǿգĵĸ֪ʶ㣬Ҳ֪һǰ죬һֱס
ҾɣǱ˻عģ
Ҳˣ㲻֪ôЦЦֵЦ⣬ô࣬Ҫǲܵģֻﲻ˵ѣĸҲǡ
ɻؿһۣΪʲôҪװ֪ĪӾ̫ӣ
ҡͷϢӣǳ⼸صظϻػġ
Ϊʲôͷ
ΪһˡǿգЦ
ҲЦ˳ָԼӵ˸òҰɡ
ⱾЦ֪һػصǣҾΪ˿Żġ
סȻ¹ײЦ˵ֻǺ棬Ҫ֪ĸصذڻߵ˾Ǹʲôӡ
ҴĬ
˵㻹浥ϴߣôԵ᲻֪ǻʺĹĹŮ㾹Ȼʹˣʵ벻ͨĸҰһô͵ߵӡ
Һһû졣
ԾЦţʵұع˵Ҫڱ߽罫Զϳ黪ء
Ұһۡ
Ҳ˵ʱͻˡ
ΪԼץİѱתЦŵԣ֪ʱͻֲ˾䣺Ϊˡ
ƫƹ壬»¶ǰкǱ˴˽һĿС
Ҿ΢΢һƬҲȥЦݣңʣǣô
Ҳ֪ʲôĴԼʱ飬ֻ֪ٻʱվſڣ˵ǴϴģЩȥСҵͷĬţֱתһ̣ɲ̧ͷֱ

ع6

Ȼûִ֪߳һҵģҶٲּ¥ûлҳһݶңǲǣ
ûҲûлͷǳĬ˻Ṿٳˡ
ȹڣܵطɿ죬һʱı飬Ƿվԭȥķ˦˦ͷֱܽԶҲͣסӣϴڴ
ƮֹģҴһ˾УĵĲµģ֪Ҿߵһ̶رߣˮӳ£±ƮҶҶµһȦһȦֵˮ棬ܵˮ⣬ȴûֵ˼
С˵̫ˣ̫ѪԵ޷Ĩģ̫õɽǵóǽɽȻҲǸģȴأҲȷʵϣһȦ˭棬˭Ǽ٣ԽԽˡ
Ǻ£αȥԼǺúðݸˣֻȱȻܹôܸоǾһ˿˿˿˿˴˾ᣬңҲЩ˿еһȥĶԼҲ֪ˡ
ڳرߣԽԽңûע⵽иӰв˳»кϣҿȾŻڷУƮϵϼסһ˲ΪȻɢȥ»¶ʱҿݣһ˿欣һ˿аȣһ˿Ů˶̾ķա
ǣ߽ң䴽Цָҵ°ͣϧˣòӲأ˵ǵ̫̻̫
еĶߣĿָ㲻黪ˣ˭Ϊλ
Цøˣ磬ע⵽ķȾ¹⣬ȴǵķϡ
ӫ󣬡ڣɻظ֣ңҲŻ⹬ޡ
˭㣿ɻ
ڳرߣָڳл˳صƽܣʱ㡣
ˡƳһۣתҪߣȴͻȻоϮһǿֱĻ
ôôҪˣЦ֣ҵߣ˵ɱ񣬲һ۾ߣвʰ
ץס֣ʾЦżһۣ˫ƯӾͻˡ
ŶΪʲô
Ϊһ۾
㻹û͡Цҵ壬ҿĵ˰ӯӯƮһ˿Ѫȵζ

ع7

ӫôԴ̫첻ҾȻͷҲͷң˫ͫȱࡣ
ӫ֣⿪ҷ£ǵЦȴţֻǺ̫Ľ˿ȸǸʲôģĵ׵ѡ
˵߻ЦңұЦһƤ񣬸̫󿴵صսľӣ̫ʶӫĪǸӫ˱һ̫һôӽִʲôԢ⣿
һʱֻʣ̫ӣӫһͻȻƮȥӰ
Ƕңȴġ
̫󣬳Ƕֻǳɢ׻
ɢ̫üңֵǶ⹬ıȥ룬üǵܼǣ˼ɶ
ǣǶʲôҲûǳɢѣ¶ǶδκһˡĶɤۡ
̫ףع˹ǣعЪϢɣҹ
ǣǶͻȥ
ҷɱطݾֱӾޣĵĿֻųҵģ㱼䣬ƺ˵ʲô飬˼ȥ޲Լ˯ȥڶʲôҲüǵá
ڣԺҲûӫټǺܶԺ飬̫ҲʲôҲûƵģ԰ģǿԼӲǽǡ
µѩ˵ǹÿžһεĴ磬͸λΪйĴ󹦳
Ǳ߽Ľôһ˲䣬뵽˵۾̫û֪񻹺ãûսˡ
ѩҵͼü壺ү˵Ǳߵսºܽˡ
һ˵ѩʧˣйŮȡһ̵οҵʱ㲢Զ㰡ֻҪúôڹ˼ġ
ͷеѹԵȥЩѩĵô
ѩ΢Цͫĺóô
һ˲һĵĶûģ˵ܸҵӡ
ŶѩüЦѵȫƵǰϲͰЩȫ˰ɡ
Ц˳ȫԿɲңùòҶġѩɫһͣæֵ͵͵Լ黹ǿԵģٺ١
һε˫ȣųһ룬һƫƫ˳
Ǻóԣĳʵ̫ɷ羰

ع8

תմӻ԰ðľ裬Լ̵Ŀ죬ûҭš
㰮û㿴㣬ҿʲô
һʱʳ˿ڣʳʱŷ⻰ʵʵ壬ټ֮ǰ֮ЩҲ㺣оͷˡ
ûϵһǱ߰βųҡ԰ţСľͼˣôСļŶô
а㣬㰮ôôšҹһ䣬תĬĬ
һԵѩңֿתɻ󣬵˵ҲͲˣתɫϰףÿصĴ磬Ů춼ҪһΪĸ˵ĸҺһ
Ů죬ѵЩ󳼵ļҲҪ𣿡ͣסԸĶѩ
ѩͷһĶǸҵǧ𣬴ұȲűòҲǸѰҹ޵ĵط
˵˾״ᣬҲЩѡ俴һۣĿкЦ⡣
˼Ȼô˵Ҳ
Ӧðɣѩ⣬һ۲ŵԣصĸ裬ǿɵúú롣
ҳ˼˻ᣬ˵жԲߣ
УȻ˺һһ裬óʲôѩҡ
٣ǺԥأҴ
ȷҪѡôǿİѩɻҡ
ҺЦŵͷٱգҿɲôϳ󣬽ãǽɡ
ѩҼˣҲͲѣǼȻˣȻȥ׼Ŀһ׵˱㡣
صͷЦس
ԶֿڣüңΪʲôѡ裬һĸҲöΪɡ
˱ˮˮƮİسһ˿ЦݣѵҪ֮䵱һӵǽô
΢ҵĿͻȻӲ
ҲĿ⣬ԴؼЦ֪ôС壬һǧҲסġ
费ΪԼ˱ˮһؽŻϣ飬Բ
ҵЦûлػԼеĲ裬ƮĲ赽ﾹǿģûüޱؽЩ£ǲòȵĲ裬ȣıǱˣǸˣƫƫԸȥˡ

ع9

Ǹ磬Һ;ôĬڻ԰ûκأһһǺŲ裬һѿ£ֱϦ¡
ѩγĺ˵Ůɣ޷Ըһ𣬿ʱĲ䣬Ը䳯ĺĺڴı䡣õʱҲ΢Цӻʺ㡣
ͫĽ̵£ܽٵúܺãѩҲԽԽɣǷȶ̬ǸˣΪĶֻǣĶɾͶݸ˵ĸоͷ·ƻįĲлǰȴ̲ס˱
ѩ豯ܡһϣҴҪɢе֮顣
ѩ΢˿ڲ裬˵һ˿Ц⣺ɵѾͷ豾ôİ
ӣôüֿӡ
ѩЦֻ
ġ˵꣬ͫ˻
΢΢죬ͷȥͫ꣬Ǹˡʱֵʢ磬԰ĻմľؽΣͫ꾲վڻ룬ˮǹ΢ЦǷȻԵþͺԷŵ֮ȫȻһ㡣
ĪһЦѣɻ󣬻ջĿ⣬תʱײѩЦݣ籡׽͸˿ȥ
ĸͬѡôע⵽ҵĿ⣬ѩ̧ǳЦ⳶˻⡣
ЦЦŵôܣȻǲ̫Ը
ѡ軹üص
ҡͷĪһû˵أ˵̫ҽΪ㵯ء
ô˵˵ˣѩҵ۾˿ȡ
Ц𣺡ֻ̫˵лСɽ¶ˮһڽһˡô˵̫ȻʹӦˡ
ĸû̻㣬ƭ˵Ĺһ㡣ѩӯӯЦ
΢ȻһѾͻᱻʶƵңĲˡ
һҹЦһһظ٣˵û³Ǳ̫֪ȫ㣬ҪΪжˡ
죬Ů˺öΣ˱õķֻۣöӲضڷϣҪѹһ㣬ټһһķֱۣɱҲ
һͷϲʲôһСطȰ˵յ᲻ͬգʢװǲòҪģΣҲֻ
ʱѾˣ·ЩҡΣЦ˳ôַѣˣ
ҡͷЩѽҵĶŲǣͷ̫أˤš
ҵ־ͲˤˡЦ֡
һЦָģһůеһ㣬һȦһȦ
ʺ
һͨ
꣬ʺǧǧǧǧ꣡
ʵ쳹գߵ׵׳۾ҵﾹ˿ֻţǣ鲻Խأֽ˽ǳЦ漴ҲҲظˡ
ͬҴͬ龰ĵ̺ν£ҺͬĲͬһ·̯ģҵָ֣䣬ʮָĽģʮů⡣
ҵĿߣʱʱɨԵŮ죬Ƕǹţҿǵݣȴ֪ʱ㣬ﶨһζ
վ֮ǰ˸ƣڳλϯ׼ãûָ˭ҲҶ̫Ƕˣ뿴ӦܴȺӰȴͻȻȥˣҺ¿ģ¿񽻻ʱǰ⡣
𱭣ҲϿǰİ񱭣ûô֮˵Щʲô޷һЩ̫ƽʢ滰ҵĺܣȻȥЩϣһƣϯʼˡ
ҲһڣǲǾƣǣƫͷȥȴҲº͵ңǵЦ˵ʮ꣬ǲ׼Ⱦơ
תͷװһʵģȴ԰ϲá

ᰮ1

ʱһٵ߳ϵְҲͣеĶ΢Ц
ϳⱭƾԱ£лϲ͸һλӢ黪
˵ʱɨһۣĿ⣬۵׵Ϭɺݺݿҵġ
Թ黪ʢһܼЦŽһ
Ҿߣȴһ⣬ԭ࣬ѹָղſҵ˷
Ҳ˶ĳʱϸڳɫ˵ͷ˲м̬һáŸϯ̨žƱֻ߳ξƵĶ̫
̫Ůкܣ黪˷£жϲԣ
﷽ϣʱԵɵĶԵɣͱǵͱǣҺȻԽÿ糿͵ˮݵǡôάסԼֲ̫ǱߵˣⲻһӢͿԽ˵İɡ
̨˵ļǣĸͿ๦ߣһԾТ⡣
Ʊ̫һĻٸ˵֣Ĳ֮ɢҲϽվһ𽫱еĲ¡̧ʱ̫ǵ֮ɫ
ˣôҲֻĻ֮ˣ˳ᢵĻˣǻ۹ˣ黪أ
̫һ̨һҲŵͷǣһСôŸ׾ٵˣ˵һգҲ仰ĵ
һһϷ
ϵϵ̫ˣݸ߹λΪȡϷ˰ˣߣ˱ϷеǣЩԽǳͬһϷϷƫݲǡ
ĹĶǣϯҵȤûãһ˿Ȼ˵ĸˡŮܱȿǿ˿ѩף߳Աͣ۹һתȴƼ˾Ӱͬһе˵ζֳԹ͸裬Χ˵İͳͳӡ
ãŮŮ׼ĿϾ̧ԼƣĻתɲǾҵĿײһӿֻӣҲһɵɵصһᣬЦֵ˵Լ
¶գգ۾ͻȻ˹Ͻֽմϵѩ׺Ĩȥ̧ʱŶӣֲЦ̵̫غʹ࣬Һݺݰһۣ޲ȥһš

ᰮ2

ʲôôЦˣͷ΢΢ɻؿҡ
æЦòã˵ֵ꣬裬ɴʱȴЦݡ
ҵĿ⣬裬ٻʱѺЦεĸ˭ѡ˵ֽʣѩĨȥ
Щߣֻôȥѩġ
ŶĿһȴһ˲ȾЦ⣬бô
ûУôˣоĲԾ˻ᣬĿݵСϸжȻһ
ôɣҲγĺĿԽ
۹ӲջأתƬ̵£ʵڲȡĿǡ
ץסڣֻû˵ڣȴЦӯӯشϯλٶվ
£Ϊش磬СŮΪ¾׼˸һ֧͡
˲Ϣѻȸ̫б̨ݵ˿ھƣÿ˶֪εĸ費ԼŮһḶ́üĿᣬ۽ײͶЦݣġ
Īǣ֪ҺĸĿͬ
̧ʱö۾һˮˣ΢ȹڣϯ߳Χ˵лһ˿һ˿ޣȴ·ʲôҲϵˣǶֱĵȥĵЦסͷ
ӲƿĿ⣬ȴ΢ŮΪ׼һ衶γĺϲ
ѩ׼Ŀδʽɹ﹬Ѵ˾֪ͻȻҵһ֣ҪԼŮسΪҪΪȫ黪˳ĵһ
֧γĺ˳ҵĿǵȫ黪Ժ黪󹬵ĵһߣʺ󲻹λѡ
ǣʺλԣû´ƵĲңһߵ̫
ǣɰ֮ŮʺĿһģһɵ顣Ȼ̫󿪿ˣһЦ۽һ⣬Ϭĺ
ôҵںЩϧѩ׼֮õ赸ôÿ赸˷ѵʵڿϧǣ̧ȥȴֱ㣬ͶĹâм

ᰮ3

̫СŮ֪ʺĿʱʱ֣ʵٸģֻӲͷƤˣ̫󡢻ʺ󺣺һҾ
̫Цľͱ˶ܸģƫ֮ŮĲˣ
ȷʵϳĹʧԣʺﲻɷСŮһͬݴ裬͵ǸϳСŮ۽硣Цеҡ
ޱ飬Ŀᣬв֪ǸЦǸûţ֪ᶨᰵӿֻû뵽ӿĶ󾹼еҵϡ˶֪Ҵ˷ѡ٣ҪҺŮһͬݣҸ㵱ô
Ϊѵˣɣᱻ˵㣬ɣ˵ǵģһ㱻˵ˣһ̫ӹȥĹֻ˵ƣҪΪǶ˵谭
ҧҧ´ѵʱ̣Ľָҵϣůͺ˵ң㲻õġ
綨Ŀȱ˷ݴ̼ĸ⣬䵱ΪΣ٩٩Цת̫ף̫ŷºͣɫҾңˣڳ䲻˾ƫ̻֮ʵЩķڷʵףķһȵģҪһʤڲȣ˹ıӲġ
˰æһôҴЦӦʱ̳鿪֣վ𣬻ǰ˵һǣΪǵһˣֻϧǲ裬ֻ˿
ҿҵ۾ﵹӳһ˿ȣ峺ϾЦݡ
شʱڳ˶ΪΪƲŹսԣͶϵĿвмбӣб䣬Ҳںֻ֪һ㣬Ϊ˻ҶðԼӵࡣ
Ϊ˲̫ҹһЩԴﰵЦľ֣һǸûΪΪ˻ס̫Żվ
ƲĹϵƲ̫Ĺϵ
лָ̡㾲һᣬס
ҵͷ΢Цǰٵǰһ̣һ˿ԥռͷ
ǸõûǵҲ֪õܸоһ֣Ǳͬû³
ټã˵ƽɫءȻ
һ̧ȴҲЦңɫ˸ҺȻ˼ֻҪպٵķִ磬ƽɫͿˣһķ¿ࡣ
Ըм֮ЦҴϲµһҡ

ᰮ4

ҹգӯӯһЦȻ裬žҹһ˿ҲûУҼԼӯ㲽ָһһĲĶҿɴȹƮżķ紵ҵϣ䡣
ȷʵǸˣҹﾲİٺϻһֻΪĻֻ͵Ļ貽ϸİպøٵķִ磬ʱʱ͵ˣ֧裬ѿѩΣǣĸоȴѩȫͬȷе˵ֵֵ֧Ļ죬ֵϲãѩǰΣ˿еĵ޷ѡ
ѩ˵ֶֻ֧裬ôѩıǴӺζĪǣͫ˵Ķô
Ժйһ棬׵ҹɫ׵¹⣬ɴȹҵˣҷ·ֿѩɫµǷ֮صȴſʱǷ֮ɫ֮便ʲôΪ֪ܣʲô
ҽ֪мϵٻԼеͻȻתԭ֮ɫתΪ࣬Ѷ·ƶֱƿն£԰һĴ
һͻȻԼڲȫԿ죬Ϊ貽ӣ̧ۿ㣬֧֣ɲ¶ʱʱĻҡʱ˵Ŀ⽥ҵϣԭı벻мѱ棬·Ҳǣġ
ʱò˾й֮ӣ̫Ҳ˻ңòٶȼ㶨ֲ֧ȥġ
ҧס´˼Ƿýһٶȣʱһ˿Ȼҵָ⣬һ̣ԡһҶѣϿصһһᣬͽһļžϡ
㼱ٵͣվ룬ᴭҡûпκˣȴƬСκ˶׿ıƬ̵ͣ󻯳ʧӰ١
˭ң
̧ΧȥͣϵĿ⣬ż󣬼ҿĸ顣
ϧҶֹôһγĺ̫ϲãҲм˿ϧҶˣⳡԵû˽ҺҲƽɫ

ᰮ5

ĬȻ߻£ʱҸоӿȵ糱ˮ¡ҴǳЦһжϵģֻҵ˼ֻܰҡ
ȥ磬Եġ
ĵҲֻң㣬裬ѩⳡҹ磬мã
ϯҪɢʱԹΪϯ뿪Ϸһʱһ˫ϣŵĹԱŮ콥ɢɲ١
ûãһ̫ǰģӢ̫Ҿ̫ͷ΢Цȴǽѩ˹ɻǵĶԻ
ôȻһ˲źǡ̫Ц۴Ǹꡣ
겻໰ֻҾл̫ޡ
̫һѩֵѩλĸɡ
ɼѩ׵
ѩûлȴĸ󣬼Ѽҿô
ҿһ˿ʹ漴ɢˡ
ȻĿȴԵ֮飬̫΢һۣĵߣԺǣƣȥ߿ɺá

ѩĲֻû˵ڣ̫ЦתɣԸѩȥһߣ
ƽ
ѩı䣬Ҳûʩת߳ǸɵҲֱβں
ߺų̫󣬿ϲȮӣŻǷ񡭡
Բ죬ŮԵĸɲѩֻһʱӦȼ޹ȥȻͻᶨĵģѩ䲻ıӣԲأ
̫Цװģظ˸ڵ崦۹һҲ˵ʲôֻӲͷƤЦϳңȮȢѩĸ
֪ͺá̫豭Цһڡ
ұ̾ѹѩľٶ˹죬ԭһ̫ӣֻǱ̫󰲲ߣ̫󶪽帮
Ըαĵطȥ߳ĸѩȥҪʱҲɰæ

ᰮ6

תתţѩûţ·ԽԽƫƧȺĳȥҷѰһ˿徻ĥžתתȿϷʱٻȥɲתûã㴫˽Ų
ͷȥԶԶľ㡣
ǣԭνĹ¡
ҿЦǰкɣоеΣⲻкɣ·ﻢµʱ̣һֲֻ֪˳Ȼɽ档̧Ǿ裬Ӵ³ȴü˸Ķ˼ֻץסҵֲšԼڼαԶˣƵš
֪׺̸̫ôˡ㴹ߵߣһ˿ǳ
ô
üѵҪѩ޵Ҽô
Ϊ̫ô˵ô
̳ĻʺҾ֪ǸöԸˡ˵һۣЦﲻһ˿飬ƻĿ⣬ĬּǽҶϣһ衶γĺҶҪˡ
ƽɫô
ЦҡͷĿŰտʼȷʵƽɫΪ̣ҵĳ̶̡
Ϊķͷص
΢٣Ȼҷͷֺ֮αͻȻȫ
㾿˵ʲô
񣬶һһֻ㣬̫󰲷ߵĶǸĻһɱ̫Ե̳ˡ
һȥĻ治ȴʵҾ̫󰲷ߵĶĳĳĳĳ֪ʱ̺ݺͱĿڣܣԸȥ˺ˡ
紵Եʣҵͷ΢΢Σ岻Ծص裬üһѽ뻳һůȫұĻ뷴һ¶ȵĴҲţ۽Ǿһģۡ
ϱߣĬãеӳź⣬ȴ˿ͫɫҪôǸӡ˿ͷ
΢ɫԶǺӣѾʮˣʮ͸üˡ
źüͷһᾡɡ
ɣ㾪㵵ؿ̫ˣɣҸײӦġ

ᰮ7

ӦΣѵ»þ׼ĿͻȻϬ
㾪ģ΢΢һ㶣Ҳ˼ҧҧĵҲںͷֻԭĳŵӦʲô
Ĭһ˲ģҲᡣ
Ŀ¶һ˿ģ΢ЦţţֱסУ֪̫˼ɣ㲻˺Ҳ̫ЩҶҿԵȣȶöûϵǣҪסȢңҲֻȢңֻܰΪ黪ֻᰭ·
Ļвʣȴθ޷
Ҿǰ·㣬ұ
һۣ¹кϣĻԵĲ⣬ֳ续
Ӳǽҵͷٿû׼СĲ˽ŵ׵֦һ֦۶ϵסǣҲǡ
˭Ǳߣŭȡ
Ļң̧裬ҡҡͷʾҲҪȥҲҡͷӲġ
üһᣬûǿңȴҵִ󷽷߳ɽ
Ϊĺ÷羰ȫֻһ֪ȴռ˸ȣһСĴԧ˽ƤЦ˵ţȴûһ˿ε˼
վ󣬵ͷҪ͵һɫɲһ̧ͱĿץ˸šһᣬתסǣһ˫֡
˶ˣΣʡ
Ҳ˵شǾ裺ãպÿͻ֡ӵ
΢ʶԼάӵƣҲע⵽ˣ㣬ὫƿٻʱǺЦ飺øǰɣߡ
ЦŹͣҲͷٿ
ʱһٲ̫ãҹ
סûеͷҲδҡͷȴǾһǰ߹
ǣҵ֣վҪңɹţŵ
ĻĻ˵ʰصҵԺһ˵Ƕһ˵ɣĸԸҼ⹬û˻ҡ
ҿЦȻԼɵͲóеңʲôʸԹˣ

ᰮ8

ǣһᣬҷſ֣ǵıӰȥ
ǣĺǰͬʱת
ҲٱܣǷŻŲһһߵǰ
㲻ع˼ңͫ˵ЦһûʸĵزأȢȢˣһֲһĿҿ˶ܣȢ糬̫ûŷԵʱ췹뷴Ҳɣǧ̫˵ģȻǰҿ˲ɡ
˵꣬Цڲ˸ͷơ
㾪ɵؿңתûлȴǶҵͷʵң췹仰˭ġ
˼ں˵أһػؾȴûĵ˼ǰڳһЦЦӿҡ
ˣԳעʱȻץֻֽ֣ؽһڲԭʱ˵г֮
ȥЦݣתסҡֵȻǿӣ٣֮һǶģ͵Ƿһ飬òã
ЦȻԼѧѣ򣬴ʱҾ޷Ц˴Ȼ
ȻأȴЦˣ΢΢һ۵ģ¶εʹ
ٿȥӲƿĿ⡣
Ƕӱ
ûлֻǶڰֱ֣ܵߵС壬ȥǱ档

ʲôҲû˵ǣҵ֣ͥԺ
ܾúܾԺ󣬵費±çҲ¶Ůʱ˵ǣ֪ôĸˣΪǿԸǰ㾹ԸǰĿҲѹΪÿһˮΪңΪ
˵Ůӿޣÿһҿ޾ͷƤ顣
ȴ֪ΪͷƤ飬Ҳûаοû谭£ĵأʱȫ
ŮģҪӻ
ڿˬˣٳĬϷʵЦҡ
һգץߵСʯֱȥĺĺ
΢һƫɶ㣬αôίԼʲôӢۣ
ᶮҰһۡ

ᰮ9

ûл죬ȴ£˵ϧ˻ϧżͲῴߵˣ
סӣĥ˵⻰˼
üЦץҸղŶʯӣ˦ֶдǣָϲңԣпΪޣҵӢɡ
Ҫ
ǰһۣʯнΣͺҵһһĺ
Ϊգ춼ͫԺûгȥȫֻ徻ֻ
Ǹҹ˯ͫĻŵСģұ۾·һ˲ֻصǰĲԭϣصĸĻص˼ǽϱŵ
ˣҵļˣϺô۾磬ѾˣڲԭôǶˣǶһֱһֱĺǡ
ʱ֣ҵ۽ǹۣͫѲߡ
ݲ˼·ߵԺǰӭײȴһ̰ɴ
ҹ
ԺҡҷĻ۶ô̺죬ʱһȻҹɫ
УƮ꣬׷ѤõĻҹΧߣת裬Ʈ䣬Ȼ
İɴӯϼݺύطԼҹ¡ָ֣ס¹⣬˿ӳâʶôãҵһο裬ԭ˾ĶǣĻꡣ
ѹ֣ȵۻ˳Ϊһ㵹
ǣûЦݣʼ۾·ԼΧѤԻȫ
ùãҲĶô
ϵİ˽ף·һѩ̶ɡ
תȵңȫˣ
Ҳܿô
Ŀ𴦣ܾͫԲͬѰԥһ˲ôÿ裬ôûùԲ˵׷ʵùãǶϲ֧裬ѧô
ͻȻ壬Σҵ֧ɡ
Ϊʲôʡ
ΪﲻԸѧġ
ùô϶ô
Լ˵ģô
ͷյ£΢΢üʵڲǵԼ˵໰

ᰮ10

ɣαӲԼȥǵã̫ҪȥǣҲ̫²ȥʱǣĶݣ𣬲̵о
סҵ۾һȴ˵գڵҹ£԰
ʱˣǾ仰ڶ˵ڶԼֻ֪Ҫһ֧貢£Ҫһ֧ܿ̽ȥȴ򲻿ܰ쵽¡
ѩΪ޸ɶֵ̫ú̫˽׼̤벽ǣֻܳȥĹĵģ뿪ʱǺ;һ
ʵҸо˻ġ⻰Ÿ˵ڣͱݵһۡ
ûȥ𣿡ü
Ҹüѩô
Уֲˣдǡ
ƳһЦҲ˰ôࡣ
𣿡
̧ţ˵ôĻһܰ𣿡
˵Цץסҵ֣ؿҵֵôҰָҾ͵ı֮¡
ϽԶԶģʡ˻ܵծִĳ鿪ȴӲץŲţԽץԽԼϿ
ͲˣĵҲ
ۿֱҪˣ̧ϷʵЦݣƫиʱųһߡ
ҽУʹֱ
¿ɵңֹЦ㻹ô
Ұ߰߰ɣһ߻ˣҿ㵽ʱô𣡡ʹɲˡ
һ˿ûҪ˼
С塭
֪ĹǣǷԾܹҺ㵱Ц
Щʹֵӣǣҵһ߹ȻܰԵܳƢԴ󲻽ǣһֱ֪ΨһһҵˣΨһһԸҵˡ

Ϧӹ1

ϦϦȹĵϦҵʮա
ֿ˺ɫĻ꣬Ʈڹǵÿһ䣬ֻǣǲΪҶ׷ɡ
ˣʽӣճɾӣһƬϲǴʲô飬ٱϣÿ˵Ƕ΢ЦΩѡʧ٣ѡ˴ӴĶӡ
ҲǲأЩأ̨֮ǰ̹ˣϣҪ԰һ֧ҡ㷢УȻϡ
Ϊ׼һʺɴȹ촽ȫµһɫ·ǸĹɽҡ
֪񣬹ǷһŴңϾȻ˻ʺ󣬴ȥ֪ҪôЦҪȥôϾУȥüһѾҷˣ֪ҹȱϯһɣȥˣܹڴЦվô
ߴһﱻߵһ̣Ұ׵ҵ۾æֵסâӦ˰β̧ͷȻ΢ЦС壬ˣ
Ҿ֪⡣ңվǰ
һڲ㿴ݶû˻᲻뿪ҺЦ
ְѲϣ˵󣬳¥ֻҳ٣ûɡ
ҵͷܣһ۵ݣҲڵʱ򣬾ҲǾƣ֪ҳҳأ
֪֪ڹ㶼ҷˡһᣬͻȻ˵
֪赭дػء
Ȼأͷǽڣ컨ҡ
ǲǺ
Ҳ֪ڵڴǹȱϯ޲Цһۣüǿװػ
˵˵Ҿǹˣôţ
ôţҵĻֵ˭ҪӢۣ˼ңԼ˸ʸͷΡ
죬ݵһۣ˵
ᰡһ첻˵͸оҪˣô죿ЦŴսң۵׾Ϸʡ
ұͻȻһһ㶵ģβŻع񣺡ȥɣھԶԶġ
졣üһЦЦ

Ϧӹ2

Ұһۣҧгݵȣôţ
ɽתЦøаˡ
֪˵ڸ첲Ϻһ£֪۸ҡ
ǣҾͰ۸㡣Цһͨ
սϴӣȥӲģԼ֣ǲۣйĲץסҵ֣Ҿߡ
ιһȥңһֻץסݵš
Цңȴûзſ˼֪֪ڵģĺֻҷƢС
ǹأ̧Ŷ׼ߡ
˹ȥͻһҵӶ̧ݵʩɼѧˣֹ΢˿ЦݣãǹҲǹһԿɺã
ãҲã
ıϢһĴϣľֵҪƿӣϻӲǽҹøˡ
һ죬һ˵õġ
ҶߣģҸоӶͻȻˣϣطſңֻҵּȥģֻҪ㲻룬Ҳȥġ
ҡ
ûػȴǴ߽һݣҵط˼ܣߵһſǽǰԴصضգգۣ
Ŵ죬ŵص
ЦֽԵĵһۣ˳Ȼȥͽһ¶ȥ׵Ľݣ֪ͨ
ҲżģСʱƤˣһСĿ۶ƣ֪·һֻȡƣһֻǣ߽
ԥһ˲Ҳ˽ȥ·ͨ棿
ƭôͷЦ
һ죬Żأá
쵱Ȼã˵꣬ͻȻͣȴһδüգײȥⶼǽڼˣаգȥư§ڻϾǵ֮ɫƻСղԶҺ棬һˤҪޱˡ
ſޱءռʵ̫Сպ§һߣֱҴֻקĵ׸
ǹǺ󷽵һСɽԼɼһС·ɽµĻǣ΢ָһĨĺڴķ˷һᣬͷѪڴ档

Ϧӹ3

ȥҾǴ͵͵Ĺû֪ȻҲ²͵Խ죬ʹ졣ңǺÿţͷſ֣
⾲Ե߼䣬ǵЦů紺
ҿڽǰȺͯʯĽֵЦˣŮǳɡ˽Цûй͢ûлȨĳͻǵľֹ̬ഺ
һʱ˷ܣȲֵž躰С壬Ҫ췭ظ
䣬ΧĳȻȥҽסڿе֣ܣϣԽԽ˽ĿͶҡ
߻ؾߣǶңǲҴ̫ˣ
ЦһֵĲߣµĶЦݣת̧ͷɨܣԭԺЦ˲Ϭ¶ջĿ⣬ٲҿһۡ
ҽסЦˣôȥȫ˶Ҫסˡ
Σ䣬Ͽһ˿飬Ҳϲ㱻ôš
Цţȴ΢΢¡
֣꣬ȷǵһμŮ˽յĽ죬ҵƻĽټεĻܾǸ˲Ĥĺ˵ĳغԼĹ£ûôվڽͷֵͬĸоһϲĵ¡
Ϧڵ˫ϲţÿ˶ϲţţܵȾԵʣҲЦ
ϵ񵱵˺Щӣ㹻ÿһҺ죬۾һ̶뿪ңһҴұ˾ʧˡ
ϰ壬ʲô˳ܵһλǰи֧ĲȣźöϵĹ㱻һ
˵¶˾ȣҰЦĪǴ˼ҳİɣǺ«ϵã
ݸһЦߵľ裺С壬ʶôô
üͷһݵǰԵġ
Ŷҽӹϸϸ
踶Ǯ뿪һ·϶ĬŲ˵ôˣ
ٲȻ˵ʹǴ˼ҵŮҲ֪Ǻ«
סͣ³ԵĶ
üͷץҵͻȻǣңһ죬ҪǣһԶ뿪Ů

Ϧӹ4

˵ɣȴһ亹ɫͷȥڹ԰ŵǸ˲ķɫ
ջڼ
˵˵ͽ֮С÷ֹ̫һˡ
ת˻⣬֣ġ
»˭֪һ˽˻Ī̫ѹҿʺ֮λãﻹֵĵǸǵġ
Ҹ¿鼦⣬ͻȻҵ֣һ鴤⾹Ӳؿҵĺæ˱ˮңﾹЦҷ޷޽ˮ£ΪԻ£֪Щ˾ֿ˿ڣϻʺĸ⵽ԽԽãߵĶܼŴߵġ
ϣһȺ˾Ȼˢˢؿҡ
ֻһ̾ԼձЦظˣȫһϷĴ顣
Ϊ˱Ҳ˵Щʲôſջ£һֻʥͷǳԱˣתͷŴ⣬֪ͻȻǿʲôҴڿջܿԼ˳ȥ
ջʱʱԻĿͶҵϣֳŪֺЦձѪҳһߣĿһתһÿˣɡ
ºǽСԻͬʱ۽עķ±ϳװģðԼס󻹸ŸˣǴ֮ˣɶȫסˣֲϸֻܲ³
˽ӹСԿױһǰһ¥ȥˣɻ󣬸ϽǺ档ֱϵ¥һ㣬߽һϷüһۣŷİŹϡҧҧƲŵߵϷſڣѶ
Ұ£Ǿصģһµϸʵڲġ
İ׻ɽȸϻĵ䣬ķѹλֻʦ˵ĻЩɬ
д󾪣黪һֱ̫УĪЩҪԭĻô
ô˵Чˡ
ǣʦĶδҵۿϦѵʱ̣ٲҵ͡¶֮ɫ
ȴĻг㣺ģʦʦֻͿɣĶ貢Ҫʹ¶棬ֻҪ裬һɡ

Ϧӹ5

ƭأֵ
ᣬɳˣʦ˭黪Ӧ˭ο͹ˡ
µʦȷʵˣֻΪһ¹װ֪ѡ
˳Ĭ˻ᣬٿʱԭĽǶȻȥ幫˵ǣľ̫ˣһ迼˵ϳ֮ʱ콫䣬һ̫ʱɡ
㲻õģаţֻ趨Լ飬̫ġһԼȳԳľǷˡ
ֱȻǶı֮⣬ƺҲûʲôҪȥת뿪ȹھ֪ʱ˶ӣ˻һɲǽĬơ
ľϽҪߣδʱӷȻһɷˣţҲɢҵķ¡۾һöɵȻҵüġ
ľǿסҵȫҾӵҲûУֻܸɰͰ͵صȴףȻɲǼ䣬һӰͻȻǰֻ죬ǰеεˮϣһӵ⴦ɢɵͣüǰȴҲ޷ǰС
С塭ϳ֮Ǿ裬㶨
轫ƽ˲ϵ飺ľ겻㻹çײĺܰ
ľ˿ɻ󣬵漴ֻЦݣ߻ӣ겻鵽ͻͽ˲١
ǺǣľúõͻȻ˻²Ϊ˹۹ɡ̧Ŀ͸ľͶɡ
ɵЦҾģΪУҪʲô»ʺﶼ֪˰ɡ˵꣬Ҳ͸ĿͶҵϡ
ҲܣȥľķɵûҰһᾶߵߵ˵Ҳعǣжǿң
ţľ۾ɱ⾡𣬡̫ˡ
ɱɣ޻˵
ҰѲһپһоѼҵĲϡ󣬾ͻȻ֪Ҫ־ңȴһֹסľ
㡣ң΢΢Ц
ɻ󣬵ľһ幫ӣ㣡
˭κγκʱ䣬û׼趼öʺһëĪô
䣬ҿľһűеֲһ

Ϧӹ6

뿹ּһȵľڻıС
Ҵվţĵ׾׽ŵĻȻʧ񣬲´⾿ǳڶҵǳڶ̫Ĺ˼ɣ
Ȼ׼عϷðɣĴԴ֣ϿԿλᣬ߻ţӦǺܰȫŶԡ
һۣЦ裬ǽüһʲôģЦʼ磬ת¥ȥʧˣ̲סܲܣ߱͵¡
һ٣ͷ΢ЦܣҵӣҶʵʵ˵
һ˵ʲô
߽ݣƿϵĺɫĩɢ͵Цô¶ˣ
ԭͲ£±ҲݡתңȼһųȵҲֱӵһ
ʶرܿĿ⣬ȴ׷ʣΪʲôҪôںڹﻹǳ˹ΪʲôҪ˼ɵĸоںΪ𣿼ʹǸӢʹܾ²ǣԶֻһˣɶԶԶҲܣ
һңǵһΣǰôԿ֣۴Цͬ˵
ҵͷǳЦ֪˵ȫ档
ǣ
ûڲԭֻһ·ˣƫƫˣƫƫǵһ˶˵Ҫһߣһ뿪ˡ
С壬ʵڽ֮ǰҾͼĶЦоԵľǺȻһʱ۾ճΪ޷ԭɱ˵Ϳƣ͵͵뿪˾Ӫڲԭˣȴ˵˲ȻȵңҺҩҳǣûǶʱңҸܻ
ѹ꣬ΪЩʹһȥٷʱ֪ʹʹۺʱεأĸоֻʹ絶
۾ɱʱΪԼֱҲףϲϲ۷ʲô£鲻˵ܱģԣʲôҶ޷ıԼϲ飬ҪҺںѾҲˡ
ӯӯӾ裬ӯӯضЦһ˿˻ģüȻһѱסңɳƵصҵĶϣǣΪʲôĲңΪʲôΪʲô
ҹգλῪʼʱ򣬾豧ҷ˿ջݶ

Ϧӹ7

Χ˻ȺŮڻо赸ĴĵĴģò֣ǣЦԶ˸֪˭˾䣬ʼˣɲǼ䣬ҹ׺̺̻ӳǡ
ǵҼ޽죬̫Ҳ˵Ҫ̻˵̫Ĺʣȥˡ紵˹ҵķҵȹҵ꣬绨ĵ꣬תȴ޷ȥһͷȥ裬ײ˵ǣһʹЦˣС壬뿴ô
農ңĵӳ̻Ѥá
ҵ΢Ц֣ĻһӰͫ裬֧̽е裬ҰͶ䲻¶ֱˣͫıˣҵıˣ¹⣬ÿһ
ĳħڿնҺȻҹͥԺ￴ͫ裬Ҳҹһ㻨Ʈ㣬ͫϲͥԺﵽҼҲδĻ֧豾ħħǱˣͬҹ֦ҶĻ꣬ǰɲǵ
תʱȹǣҲתҲתȫת̻ݱؿţҵҵģĳ貽
ҿԽԽŨ֮ɫҿвϷʹӰӰƣͬϼ֯ĶнȥЩӰӺζֻԸϦҵһξǣЦԽԽã貽ҽżԽתԽģһһδӾпԼËɣЦǣ
ֻǣȻ边ͻȻһѱסңڹԵãһת˳ȥ裬ԣһתա
ȹڷе崳죬ǹӰǳҹйâһɲǶԵƻá
͸Ʈɢ˿ķƣž۾Ҳңߣġ
ܸоĺض̣ÿһ¶ҵĵס
ǣ뿴㡣
ڣҷӦκηĻᡣ
ԺʲôɿˣͻȻˡ
΢ִԺһµģöҶߡһ˲ĺڰʶر˱۾оҵģһ˿һ˿漴ָ¶ȣĽҾѡ
ʱ꣬ΪİԵרᣬҵòؼա

Ϧӹ8

۾һŻ𣬽أؾ˾
ģҿԼѲǰĺͯҵϵһĨķϡ
мŮţʢɲǣķŹʫʣ˵
Բ¾գĴǽӵ
Ӱڻҹɫ֮УպȻʣɫֲ֣ɫʧ
תȥЩĹâɾȴҵ󣬺ȻءؿҵĴġ
µҪʲôһ̲ס˲
Ȼ˦˦ͷɬɬЦףΪʲôҪˡ
ǿװػӦǻˮ˭֪
ȴҡͷЦû´ԼģҪģԼ
۾»ҹڽͷǰæߵľٶֻ̫ҵֵ߰Цݣ棬ԭɣ
ϲã߷į
ԭֻ⣬жĵĿܣǹⲻ붯ģǻһӣʲôʲôңվֻİ·ˡ
豧ݶ̻һ㱡ģҲ
ҿֶһ£һԥȻߵݵǰ
ҲȥҲһԥӹְԼϡ
ɢȥֺȺȻҲ˷ŷֻ֣һŴ
ͻȻ뿪ǰĨЦݣ΢΢ףЩߣˣסЦˣǽҪͬˡ
Ұһۣ֪ıֶȻģԾɲԼȥҶһ£ҾͰ߳
аֻҪ͡ааЦǰס
ҵһ˺ų̂ŵĽѧûÿζӿΣⲻӦ˰ɡ
ƺһ޷ϴץޱԼ˸ʵʵֻ̽һͷСƵؾ
ظˣ鵽Ҳ۾ͶĹâԽԽϤǲǰӥӽʱôһ˶ԷֽסҪŪһµ񣬼ֱһһģһ
ҵֺҲ²⣬ĪǸղҵݣɫ˰ɡ
ôһ룬亹ʱѲҵǰ˳㻹צӣЦؿҵ壬˿ڿˮŵر۾ɹ˰̣ʲôҲûʱȴϵһޱչڵϡ
Ҫ˯ϣҰβŷӦ
Ȼ˯Ķҡ
ɻ˵㲻˵Ҫͬô
ȥЦ⣬תסң浱ǳ֮Σĺɫ֮ͽô
Ĭһ㶣Цҡͷ
ѵƴϨ˯ɡ
Ӧ£ĺڶ졣
·ֿʱһ˲·˵ΪԼģǲοҶҵĽڣСҰģĵξﶼů紺⡣

Ϸ1

ڶ죬ҾٻعǣôŵǻҲͬˣ뿪ջǰͳ߸ңҰ߻£ע⣬ףԭջȥĶ
ٻعǰֹһصݾӣҾ˳
ȥĶˣŻūˣū澲أ
ü򷼲ݾӣŷԼĹվ಻֪
ǻֵˡҶߵૡ
ߵǰʣô£ҲμԱҪô
ɫãæݵˣֻҪȥĵ
һȥǰסҡ
Цҡͷһȥֻǵظ˵ҴģԼе
ҰΣӲطſֻҵ֡Ҷһ΢Цת뿪
һ·ϣϦʾĵʱ򣬵ĵ
ײǰһˣҹ̤ϵǰĽݣȻƿš
һյƣһ֧ʣһˣһľװ
˰Źϣǣֻʣˡ
ֱʻӰڣˣ̧һ
ˣůĵκζŭļ
ͷǻӦ΢Цֽԣʾһԥߵߣ¡
ôЦҡ
ǵͷɶǽҵ¸ˡûӻȴǰԼıӵݵǰȰѲˣ
ҲҷԹԽӲһڣȴס̾˳úȣ
ڲپЦһ˿棺챱ɽѩ裬ңǵһȵġ
˵죬һţ죬ˣ
̫˽ҡҵĻ
ҵ¿ɻˣȻ̫Ҳǣ˽ȥ

Ϸ2

ԺˣԺҾԲˣҷģҵָ죬ӿԺӣ𲻵úá
ҵܹԼ˵ëֻû˵סҵĿڣǵЦҲȥˣԺ󲻻£ԣ㲻÷ֶġ
׼Ҳôҳ֣ȵصɴ۾
һ͹ˣΪлҲԡ
¶㻹ذҶԴˣҡͷ̾װһģ
ȴң΢ת˻⣺Ϧһְɡ
ǰǰҵͷнλᣬҲ̻ˣһǺ«ձ˷ݣߣС糵ˣǻڿջסһҹǿջļûҭңܺóԡ
ž˵һѣңغ棬Цǳؾ´棺Ϧȥô
ȻЦҵĻҾס
˷Ӧһֵǣϣȥ
һûϵ˵Ļ̧۾յ£ôůôÿôأҾþ޷
ڳԴôһ񣬶¶ģ红Ӱ峺յЦݣҵﲢգѾеĵɶʹαװҲ뵥ȥ
̧֣ҵüңָҵգұЦͬӤָ¶Ȼ˵ǣ˵ڳԴףţ
ͻȻ۾ЦͫΣ˿Ҳʵ
ǣЦҡͷţֻװһˣҲֻһˡҸؿڣԼÿһжƺںŵһ֣㣬㡣
ЦݣϲһĻҲĿ⣬ȴڿĵһ۱ϳ˻е飬ӥδӥֽС
ѧôҿΪѧӥͷ˻ʣסҵ֡

Ϸ3

ֻ֣һ֧ʣģͬӥ
㲻ϬҰԼ˵ְسЦԼ
ôһʱͻȻ⡣
ָһͷá
սҵ֣һһƬ׻ɣٵȼ꣬ô
û˼ָɣҵӻ
ٵȼ꣬һɣһȥκһȥĵطκһߣֻ⼸ꡭ
û˵ȥҲԸ
ôŸôʣоһֹͣƫֹͣһ֣ڰֽϻһ磬ǣӥһƬëɡ
ҪôŸҳŵʱ𵶣ԸҵԴֻʱͬİ·˴˶޷ŹңҲܷŹҡ
ֱÿĻָͻȻסڰգѱŻͻȻתǲǵãǰ»֮ҹҶ˵
ɻסңǣһǳЦ
黪Ӣ㲻ǶңĵˣٶҺݵ㣬ٶĮЩάңΪɵ̫Ҹ㣬ˣǱǵˣԵ˵ǶԼĲ̣ҲԼ̣ԣ㻹ǶҲ̰ɡ
ҹЦӭĿ⣬Ŀ⣬ͬǰһůأƯˡ
ֲ֪ʱٶȱϣյûзſ˼·Ҫܽģ塣
ǡҲǸˡ˺ˡ
˵úᣬͬҹżƮƣƫƫɢȥΩƮҵĵס
ĺȻݺݳʹΪʲôҪôңΪʲôҪ˵Լ˺ˣ
磬ǸˣѾͷԶҲ㡭
Ȼ֡ˣָ̫齻ҵ壬Ҳ޷ȥתš
ֻлƵĵƹ⣬ǰһԶεƹ⣬ûң֪ңÿѡ뿪ʱҡ

Ϸ4

˿ѣұ˱۾ת߶Ҳ붺ҶͻȻһסҵ壬İֲĴУ޵ѪζҵԺ
ǿ̺أǼɫɴȹڵأһϳģһȺѪӰ
ǣ
ҵ֣ŽǺġ
΢һͷĿһĳѪ
Ѫڵأɴȹһ塣ҺȻ޷ǰֻͬʱϯҵԺĸ۾ԭһ˲ҾΪԼֻصߣûûıһԾڲԭϿֵС
ʧȥɵɵЦݣ£ȴɫŵ߽ܵסҵ壬ҵһμ¶Цı顣
ͫﵹӳҵЦݣ˲ģĵ·ۡ
뿪ôҲ룬һˡ
ǰʹĻҿɷһΣ
̫ҽ̫ҽ
أұ۾ɳϵսģһ˿־壬һ˿ǣҼڰû硣
ԺҺ񿴼ͫ裬һѰ£֧ľǿµӳ»»
۾ת磬ư䣬һ˲䣬԰еĻ䶼֦ҶڿշǰɲǷʹ겻ɢĻҲ޷⡣
Ҿѣ۵ɲǣҿ̫۵ûŭɫȴЦ⡣
Ƕڳˡ˵ĵһ仰ԼԼҲµЩʲô
ƫͷڵطĵطо裬ѩ
ңסҵ֣˿ƣҲסʣǲ˯˺ܾá
Цõãֻǡ˺ܶѪʱûʶǸԵһ󡣡
һ죬֤ʵԼ뷨ЩѪȻǿˮңѳŮˡ
һһ̫ЦŨˣڲǸëѾͷˣʽ㼰ǣɺã

Ϸ5

ǣգգ۾̫󣬼ǲҪԼ׵˼
ˣֻŮˡ̫
ҵͷ˷ܵҿɲͫ楸Ҽ
ͫ楣̫ü
ͫ楴Ҽ̫󣬲ôҼ
̫˿ȻǶϾֻǸ楣ʺǣ⡭
ĸ󣬾Ӧɣ֣ЦŮһֻһεӦԸź
û뵽˵۾ɬϲá
̫ҲȣĿҺ֮ߣЦ㻹ǳϵس
ĸԹˡǳЦ
ǺðɣȻô˵ˣ˵Ҫʵˣ̫һֵۣ˵ͫ岻ʣҪΪ㼰ǣµö졣
һôʲôʱ£Ҷ֪
Ϧҹ˺ͻȻȥˣ̫ҽȥµġ̫οҡ
üǷŲûͫ그ʲôôͻȻͲأѹ֣һμôΣǲġ
һСŮߵﵽ
롣صĲң̫
תſڿȥĿȴ˾ϣԶԶվڵԶĽ䣬ͫҵĽת⡣
£̫꣬̫ǧ꣬ʺʺǧꡣһһߵ·΢ˡ
ʶطſ֣вᣬǺĶٿգһ˲
ôҲˣڼѩô
Żʺ岻ʣӦ΢ЦףҲǳЦӦҶǡ
ѩĹҸսʱȥǵطŮ˵ѩȫµĹɳס
ãѩסػô̫˿䡣
Уֲŵشл̫ģѩʵڱȳҪ̫ˡ

Ϸ6

Ŷô˵ԭѹĺܱª̫Ц
㽩סЦݣ漴٩٩檲ңֻǾãôõĹӦʺססʵĪҡ
һ⣬˲ڷҲóô
վһԳĬе鵽һ˿ϷζΣע⵽ҵĿ⣬һӣʾұ
һ̾ĵ֮ɫ̫ż¶һ˿ŭ⣬кԺǺϷϷ໥򶷵ĵߣ಻ԡ
ʵȷʵʱ򣬳ôҶڵʱ򣬱Ҳһʼ̫üЦæһ׵
ĸأóʼ֣µ˵޷
˵˵ȥǼ£̫һ۵񣬳Ƕѿ켰ǣǳ죬Ϸ֮£Ƿ񡭡
ϷҾӴϱ
̫ˣЦǶ˷ô
ǡǡһһתȣȴҲüͷûϵ̫󾹻ͻȻ¡
ĸ󣬻ʺϾŸչʮϷǲ̫ˡ
磿̫Цһ뱾Ҳʮѩʮĳͷһ㶼硣
ҴûҪϷѿڶȴ̫Ϭ˻ȥ
Ƕ黪Ļʺ󣬴黪ı֣˵ĺ
־ľҲٿֻӲذ¡
ʺֻ֪ⷽ£û˽˷֮ԡ˵
̫ҰΣ˵ճ˿ŮôһΣڹû˽һ£ͽúõ̰ɡ
һץűԽԽ
̫ĿĴɣҪ뿪ʱȴֶ˲ϵЦݣ뷽ĵ֮ɫмͬ
Ȼһ˼̳УôҲΪ黪ãµһ˵ģ㣬Īֱɣ

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ҰȴñֱƬ̣ڣǲģ檲ң
ʶ̧٣Ҳͷˡ̫ǵЦݣ
ʼնû˵ľѩĬĬ뿪ֻǿһ˲䣬ٲץֽճȭеķߺܣֺγɴʱϾȥ˼ΪԼ顣
Ȼˡһһļž֮Ҹ򰲡
΢΢ҪشѾ߳š
ǹͱ¡ؽ⼸˵ڡ
֪ķҪȥο㣬ȥ࣬ȥƽЩʵȨĳǣԣҲܼߡ
Ļ˿̣̤һҺģǻµˣذɡ
ҰԼڱȥ룬ȥȥ⡣ֻǣŮʱҵģǺݺ³
֮գҵķݾӣҲԸ̤ݾһ
ˮҸоԼָֻ֮з·ƿɢЩڣȥֻͫ꣬ǣԺţұסˡ
Ӳݣƿή곣ļǿġһƵسڣǿŵģżһݲݱڣȥЩɭ
ùáòẰ
ɫ䣬ХӤĿ͸׷ɵɴӰҿһĨӰڴء
ôͫתžգ㲵ľ
ùãôˣôӡ˵ߣķü۽ЩͻȻֵơ
ûʲô΢Цů紺ֻͻȻ˲ͻõġ
ôӲ֪ʲôУ԰Ļô£Ǳ˭ôǲǹ˭۸㣿ѵ̫ôǲǣһ˺ö⣬ֻ̫ţҵؿڡ
ͫסҵ֣æҡͷ̫¡

Ϸ8

ҲţҡüᶨùãѲǸӣ㶼һֱңȻеŮٶᣬֻûУΪʲô̫ΪʲôΩŹһˣԺģʱʱܻ˶棬ùãǲʲô̫İѱ˲㣬ֺ㣬Ժ
ǣһȣסҵ
ͫţůɫһƬȻȻ֪˶žͲ˵Ļ
֪Լַ±çë
ҽͫ΢Цת˻⣬˵ǰЩӣ˿ˮҪūΪ㼰ô
ҴΣĵ⹬㣬ûʸΪҼˣһֱ㵱ҵĸңǸùãϲô
ͫе˺ȻŨˣ赸ʱЩƮĻ꣬Ịֱ̆ߵκеūΪ㼰ǣô
вٶңӣɲת˹ȥ
Щҵһطᣬ̡
̫ǲҪϷ̵һʱҡ
һͷˡ
ҪΪһŮˡͫ˿á
ҵҲ룬ҺϷ֪͢ϻֳʲô
ﰡһ¶Ҫ˼ɵǵĻôǲΪһþġͫ٩٩
ǣҪЩӵĸġ
ͫЦΪ룬飬֪֣
֪֪һöö鶼ҡ˵Щա
ͫĶ˶٣̣Ϊһʱһ˿̾Ϣֻңһ죬һе¶㡣
ûū澣һңҪֳôǳЦĵȴһ˿ࣺÿ˶ҪţҾҪŶٻأܵõҪĴ𰸣

Ϸ9

ߵǰӹ̶״ᣬֵ˾ӣӲʼ»ԭҵߣֻŮ˲еߡֻϧݾûоӣԼգҪкãԣҴûʶԼı仯
͸ӣҿͫҵһ˿οһ˿ˡ
ùã㣬žͫ꣬΢Ц˵ÿ仰ÿŵȫţԣҪƭҺôԶԶҪƭҡ
߳ԺȥþΪһ̷ģˣǷеѹԵȥЩ
ȻݶûӰҲûУͨĳǰվ˺ܾãõҹ紵ҵ壬ɣûг֡
ŷʧ䣬Ҿ߻˷ݾӣɻûžͱ̫ȥ
߽̫Ĺҿڻȵգǹ⣬ѹע⵽ҵӰֻסңȥɲһȻϥҹ£׵ʺʺǧꡣ
ͷҿı飬ĵ˺ѵȴһ
ǰţվš
Ҽǵ˵ڼӣô죬㵹ͻȻˣҸͷ͵ظˡ
ǰǳ֪ｵ
ҵЦԶô
ҡء
ҵһʵǲٿȥΪƽоκ˰ʹ⣬ʹֻźӳضѡ
תǿգȻǵĳŵô˵Ҫ뿪һߣ㲻Ǳˣ
ұߣ˵˵Ц
ҲãͲȥͲңҾͲ⹬óκһǰ
磬ӭŷ磬ҵķȹ̾Ʈա
߽ŵɲǣƻԻͣ·Ļ谵ȫ
̫ˣüЦҲЦļڵЦѳȡ

Ϸ10

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ҵ̫֪Һ;Ĺϵô
صƵ壺ǰֻ֪֮ɩѵĹϵѣЦһۣҵǰֵѾͫ楸㼰ˣⷢʽ̫ˣ̵ĺãˣױź򡣡
һŮְ˽ŵزҵķ١ͻȻѣҵķƿǣҪҪֻ׼
ǿɲУ̫俴ңҪͱºϷˣôصģע⣿
Ϸһŵʲô˼ʲôϷʲôʱ顣
ȥͫ極ʱѷơ̫һ۵
һپѣҵ
Ҳ̫Цָٶ£ȷʵллĴڣôͷƣ˰治̼С
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˿Ļᣬֱ˲ҵķ١
ͷϺȻɿ壬֮Ʈµģںҹ˿ͫϸΪ˺þõķվ̫һ³ʧԭʺ󣬾Լͷ
ҳ˿ЦǽöͭζҵķϣָоͺڴһûиޣʲôҲޡ
ԭлΪ·֮ˣ˵ʵȨһܺ뿪͵Լǲԭ޾ӥ
ϵľҵ滹ǰô
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ĵĹŮһ۱ϳ
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վĿǳЦҲҪģ̫ãһ鷳顣
̫ĿȴղôϬˡ
ҰŵۣѣĿҲ봩࿴һ۵ҲûУֻ̫һҺô
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ĸصΪļʱô·ȼ֮ҵĳߴķֺҾСϣ˷ݾӣ˼ѩ󣬾˳Щһȹû޷ٴҵԺ
ԶԶأҿĵĹ󾲾ҹĻ֮£ׯ϶ԻͣԻͶį
Ұ׵Ĵͨ룬粨˰㣬ŮҵĽŲߵ£ҵģҲ粨˰ʱʱǻǽţʲôĸ飬ߵǰһ̣ȫĪĲɬͬҹĸãҵ塣

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빬ɲǣڷһ֧Ȼϡ
ǣյƣֻƣһļžڴͷ飬кڵء
ҾһؿĵߣԶֵľ롣
̧ҵһɲǣӴϯɢǵϣɴȹճҵӰҿҵķģķҵ˿ǣһһ˿ڣһ˿ףһ࣬һԭҲ
ԶƵƮҵĶҽţþδˣе飬վǰЦӺô
ȣһ㶣ûҾøպá
ΪλЦŨˣ̧Ѱһ˿ͨһϾ͸Ѫˡ
ҡ뿴顣״ˣֻҸɴĽ￪ѳִͷקһҷ̲סһоͼҲῴ飿
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ЦݺȻˣҲװһԵģȴҵ飬һʵ֪ΪʲôҪô
ҲȥĦ˼Ժ˼ҡҡͷ
ˣֵⱾڲͬ˵ǲͬãտΪ֣̽³Լ˵ȴ֪ԼҲеһӣ˿̽ţ񣬻뿴Ƿ¼Լ֪ĳ¡㣬һЩδ黪ˣΪ˶˽һ黪˵ףһߣңҿ
Ϊ˿¡ҴĻⱾ飬Ω޷¼Ǿ㿴͵ڿ̽£̽黪񡣡
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ҵĸоҵ棬岻ԾԶ
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һ˵£ȴȫһϣôûʵĹоԼһˮ޷չצ޷ڿշ衣ÿ쿴ųǴļ֪а˷Ǽ٣ȴȥ˽ࡣұϾЩӵľҸľҪ˽ǣ֪ǣΪһ壬򣬵ƾһЩϲǵĳӣ黪ֻǿջ
ĻҵģҺȻ˿ΣΪҸղŵĻΪҸղŵ飺ɱȫ黪ǧӵǿˣһΪһþġ
ϵ˵ţȴҡͷЦҳΪ黪ǿˣȴҳΪ黪Ӣ
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ůůĶůůģĵһжأҲסͷı䣬һ£һ£ҵ
ŵ׺Ȼ˿գ֪ңκأҷڴϣ§סĲҲҡ
ָ´ҵķ䵽ҵĴ΢Ц壬һֳֻԵĻɫ˿ǣƮɢ£Ǹ˴봲磬ⷽССֻű˴ˡ
۾оһʪůᴥҵߣô
һȴЦˣô
ʱѲҵߣһֳֻͷЦ⡣
ҺβŵһôѵҪ·ôû˽̹ЩҲ
һ㶣ᾹЦǺǣɵˣ
˵ˣֻʵʵ˵û˽̹ǲ֪ô죬ǡǽš֣˵š
ŨЦ⣬ָҵĶҽ㡣
۾ؿһ¾֪ηӦ
ҲҷӦأؿҡʪůᴥУҿҵüģִüƵҵıǣȻһԥսҵĴ
δˮǰǻҵĴ룬ȴʼûַ˼żһżϢ͸ҵ壬ؿĪȡ
鲻Խأ§סĲҵůξһ˲嶯ؾҹҪԶߣҲزԭ±̫ǧУ»ʺλӱ˶ȥһдۣϧ
ȻվûңͷңҶգգ۾ôˣ
û꣬ҡͷЦֻǣҲټˡ
Ϊʲô㲻Ҫôʶץı۰
ЦЦ˯£СɵϣԺ󣬻иҸʺϵ˽㡣
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˯ɣˡҰˣҶ߳
ԹԵأұ۾ĺоߣֻǣҪɵʱǣô
Ҳ֪λشֻװ˯ˣǣģģξ
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ڶѾϳȥˣùŮǽңֱҲ۾Σ߳ĵʱӾЩ䡣
ҪӼ·ôӶ£Сҡ
Цҡͷһɴ뿪ĵСϣ֪ж˺ǣжıóѶȸԾ̶ܾԽԽԽԽ࣬˵룬һҶȥģǡ
С壿ͻȻֹҰƲ£˺ڷУǱݡ
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ˬЦݣþǴһ飬˽ңеıӦ
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ƣ㲵ĺۼһ΢ѿڵһҹô
ȻҲ￴࣬񡭡񡭡
ЦǴǰЦ۽㻹ôûŪ㣿
ûСҴ¶ͬЦݡ
Ҿ֪ᡣתԳʶشŮһͬȥǣǸֻʣˡ
ҲǰʹıӰ˼ľ뿴ߣȴˮǧɽһҹȴѸ
ΪȻֿڣɳΪ㲻㣬Ϊ˵С壬߰ɣҲҪ⹬
ҵȥЦ⣬ң֪ҵĿͬ
֪㲻һͣ٣һЦΪ㰮ֻϲһˡ

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סҧ´ӲǲԼ
С壬ΪҵԶ㣿
ǣһôˣԲͷֻܿŲңҲǣ㣬ᰮô
ķǰ裬ȴʼմҵ塣
һμ㣬Ϊ˳Ҳһİ£ˮﻺɢ·ʢİƯĺƯƯԶǣΪʲôˣң
ڻңһ̣ȴԸҪͷҲҪңڵأԼϣֻΪסԼ˶Ŀ
С壬Ҳ֪ΪʲôҰĲ㣬ΪʲôΪʲô
ʵĽţϥǰ£ҵˮյΣһһݲݼ⣬˰ᣬָסģȴҵΡ
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ˣô·ģֲͻȥ߳˵ĻǵģԺҪԼչԼˣʺҪˣõĻʺ󣬳ˡ
Ļһ˿һ˿ĲɳƣҶڷеĿʶأ뿪һ̣סֱۣҲסͣǰڵȴҵĻӦǣʲôҲ˵ڣЩ˽Ļ˽˽Ҫߵ飬һҲ˵ڡ
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Ĺǣįֻһ㲻ͬ㻳ˣڻӣ֪Լӵ죬ЦúÿģҲǡ
δϴα޻̫ѹֻ˲Ÿյĵ̫ҽ㴫㻳еϢǣִҴȥˣһȥ£ҲȥĵҲݾҡ

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ҪһϲҳˡԺͫ꾲١
ĵ彥ɫֻ۽Щɣۼʼյʲȥ
ұ۾һ̵̲ͣͫԽԽ죬ǣͫҡͷҡͷǲ⡣ΪԼƿͫȴ˵ʱδҲˡ
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ЦûͳԵģպǰ̫ҼϷ˿Ұ͸㣬ֲʲôΣա
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ãʼ磬һȥδһ۾ˣʲô޶һ
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ЦЦùòõģҲҪǣҷţˮˮɡ
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һúûŵġҴ
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̫վտǶĪûȥٺúѧꡣһص
Ŷ̫üɲĪͫ楽̵ļãӮ壬ز¶
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Ϊһ߳ͤԱߵĻС
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ѧбһۣ֣ȥеĹŮ⹬ԽãԽ֪Ϊʲô
ҡͷ
Ц⹬еѽģɾ˿ˣö֮ϰˣ˱Լһ⹬Ķʮ꣬ߵһûĺ򲻿ܵ¡
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ҴӦ̫Ÿˡ
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ˣȻЦҵ֣ǰģҪʲôˣ
Ҳ֣ǿϢ˰㣺̫ıɱ
Σ˵Ļֻǻ
̫ĳ̫ҽнĺӶҲĳŮСһѣʲôãΪηҪҸɣ첻ؿ
ҡȣתԵĻģУڱߵˣΪЩʲôñأ
תЦ˵ף̫ѽ
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㲢ûʲôüȰ꣬ұ־룬ҲûκҪҵ˼
Ϊбڣң̫û꣬Цӯӯطڱһᣬ˵ȴ籡ǻʺ󣬱̫󣬾ôóҲûƺ󹬣һ˸ӣɾûôˣӳΪʲôҲôʱ򣬵һҪԸ˾ˡ
ұ˵ĻңŲغȻЩ᲻֪ǣĲ롭
ҲأĴңҽ⻰ʳ˿ڡ
̫Ȼңһɣջĵô˵ϣûõˣҪʱҲû˼ӻ㣬һʺǼ£ҪĺӸ£Ƕ˵ô࣬ˡ
ףǶԸ̫ٲ˳ǶóǶ׸ҿĲغ죬Խ˵Խ䡣
ת̫һŲǶĵüΪϵĲʣĿ⾡񣺡ǶĪֱĺݣݣ˾ͻݱ㣬Ҳͬĵ
̫ɷǶǼ졣
ԣøɴ֪࣬ҪǺѵġ
ôǶȸˡ
ȵȡ
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Умֻղժѩ棬Ǻóԣĵ£Ҷ˵˰ɡת񣬼Ļ
ӦǣǶסҲתҪߣ˼Ʈ˿⡣
Ƕ֪㲻ҪȨҪֻ⹬ȥȴгһټ۾ټˣٻزԭЩܻΪб㱳ţû˱⹬ȥ췽ҹ̶Ϊ֪ɡ
ǡӦţֱǴԼ﷢ġ

ı9

ӹŮϵѩ棬һ·ֱĵҵĶͷʹѣҲԼֻͣһ̫ͣͻһûҵʶȥʹ⹬ﹶӲдҲԣټ۾ټӥڲԭ¼ϣʱѾݣվǰǣҪȥҪ˺㣬ҪĺҪٵԼеĴ桭
ô
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ΣѩЦǣΪҲ֪㶯ʲô˼ΪΪһУΪҵʲô֪ô
ѩ㻹ҪԶã鲻ܾǲܣΪҪȥǿ
ΪΣΪǶĺӣΪҺã
ȻֲͽҸоһɾ޴ֱ˶﷭źܶһֻĻƿ
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ƹƿҿΪٴչ¶Ļţһ˲ֿˣǰͻȻһ⣬˷ɢ绨㽫Ұڻġ
Ȼһһ˿Ѫȵζ
һֽڻһֻͽֵֻƿѪ˳ʶ£ȾƿмҲȾ˵ء
Ҳ֣͵ĻҲջ߰ɣͷҿı飬ֻĺصҾġ
̧ͷѩվڴ룬˿ղıЩҡ΢΢漴⵽ǰ
ŲţҿԤԣҿӦǶ˵ǻ۾ȴֱֱҡ

ı10

ͬȵĻţʶصͷȥٿû뵽Ҳ񣬸û뵽ôǿ󣬴ŷˮЦݣһ覴ҲûС
ҲƵġ߽
йϣһͬģѩ
Ѫˡҿ˿ڣֻ˵Ƥ̫ҽ°ɣһ׻۵ġ
áЦҵͷô
ҡҡͷ¶һĵЦݣ漴ͳ̫Ҹӣ´˵ܽ𣬲˿ڷס
ͷӲǳ壬ŷɫ԰׵ˣĻ΢ϡ
һĻţץ֣²ôǲǲˣҪ̫ҽô
Ҫ˿Цһסңֻǰ˺þ̫ҽ
ͷʹæ£ԵϣҹߣЦһᣬȻʵôΪʲôѩͻȻ
̾ЦһΪʲôΪͻޣĳ
أʡ
ҿһۣ˵ǲǸʲô䰡ģ
˵أҡ
ü֪õô
̾ǰǣʲôã飿ƺÿʶڹͳ㡣
źã˿͸ڹúûȥҷ˵дǡ
ҡͷҵĶͷСԴﶼЩʲôأСС;Щ£
Ƴһ죺֪ľǲˣ
㻹ǰ̨״ˣ㲻ѧĵģѧѧɣ͵Ϊá֣ճҴϵķÿ
ҶգգۣͻȻЦĪǣԺᷢʲô飬ҪԼô
һЦʺԽԽˣ˵˵ʱʱ裬⻰ڷϻʡ
л¿佱о仰ô˵ţ߳࣬īߺڡЦøˡ
ҲǵͷЦҲһ仰ʤ
֪Լ˵ԻʾЦͬҡ
ûôԵأǣģ۾գҲգһ¡
֪ıǷܺЦҶԵ˺һᣬǵЦҲԽԽŨڣҼɳǰһ̣̿סվЦ˳
Ѿͷô󡣡
þûһѾͷо·ǰڲԭϵĸоֶص֮䡣
ôˣôˣҺȻᣬæĨȥ
ҾʰסԼϲ飬Цҡͷûʲôղź̫ã۾ᡣ
̾ЦŹ˹ҵıӣɵѾͷôʲô
ȶҽġҲ
ЦҵĴˣ
ǡ°ͣ٩٩أ۹һתϵۣҪСȥ߽ľѿڶ
С壿ɻ˳ҵĿ⣬ҵ˼Ҫɴͻ飬ϻսֽԣ׼ɾȥ

޻ѵ1

Сȥ̫󲻷ô
ʲôã̫òοԼڳҪǰߣϻҪԮ
ЦԱߵϣʺӡʹ£ӦþϦ˰ɣͻȻȻڣ̫ķʲôã
мأһµʧȥʹϣǵһʱ̫¶ľŭ£֮ôҪҺϷҲԭɣʧȥܹǣߣǸߣҡ
Ҳá֣Ц˵Ҫѳ˸ϳ黪Ҳˡ
ôסңЦδ䣬Ȼ֪˵ʲôǣֵһȥºܾòٻ
˼ͷؿǱѹ˿ʯͷƵġ
ˣǼĮΪҲô
ƫĿ⣬أҲ֪ôء
һЦ͸˿⣺ܸоҿļˡ
ǵġæҡͷ
һ˿ЦҵʵͦĽģֻܾȥĶȥĶʧʧѣɣЩҪĶ
ҿ۾ʹȴȥǵЦ⣺Ҳãĺӥ񡣡
ӥȻЦݣסҵ۾Ҳӥӥô
֣ͷ
ЦҡҡͷָͣǣǰڲԭһŮһӥӥǰǶЦݵ·ʹһֹâһֲĵ޷ƿĿâ
м¶ֲԾץ䣺˵ôˣûô
Ӳҵ뿪ôȻסЦסҡ
ҺȻֻܴ

޻ѵ2

֪ڲԭɺãǷţǷ񻹿ţǷ³ҩǷ񻹷ԭܡգŵ¹΢Ц
գգ۾ɢžۿˮǰֻӨЦݣҰԼԼԼ
ҵһһܺã֪㻹ǵһܿģǳǳġ
Цָֽҵķϣϣһ죬Ҳôɡ
Ұͷϥϣʵɣʲô
ġظҵĻ̣ѧ裬زԭиŮ֯Ҳɺã
Ҿģ̧ͷײƼٵЦݣһҺæתߣٺңߣأ
ΪʲôҪЦҡ
ĳֲֳֻܱܸЦҲŲҪмأ»Ǵһ߰ɣùңʱˣˣҲϢɡ
תҪߣ˭֪ͻȻסңˣ°ɡ
£ô죿²ȥܾ
һ㶣ߵǰֱңһһЦԽЦԽŨЦҲҿĲȻ˰ΣЦˣתʵղŵľֹҿɷΪԴף
ףҼǺ˳ûҽԵĺ嵭ûմס
ŶüҵĿЦ⣬ұĻңæͷص͵ͣҾˣղΪңߵߣ߱ߵżҲһҹһҹ͵㣬ɺã
һѵôʵ
ҡͷЦҪɣܸġ
ҾܸҶգգ۾
ЦˣұϣԶȥ
Ҳ̫˼ֻЦɵҲңҵ˫ֽûЦݣЦԶ
ҵȥЦǺȻͣһġңһᣬͻȻĿǣ̫ûбʲôɣ

޻ѵ3

ֱӵ˵̫ûб취ĺӣ
ǡԥһ˲û뵽һֱԡ
۾ûС
ǾͺáͻȻİҲմЩ
մˣǲǻң
δҲ㲻⹬ıˣɱδĺӾ쾭壬㣬һԼһӻҵ۾Ŀϧ
ҺȻģԭҲ˽ҵģ£һ죬⹬ȥˣᱣô
Ц˿ҵϣԼɵߣҵĶ˵һֱڱ㣬ô
ţԥأһصʹƭңҲš
ʱĹÿ˶ΪҺϷˣȴ֪ʵδңÿÿֻȿҹӵ˯Ļ˯ȥǣԶ°Цݡ
üΣҶμ˯ȥʱժȥҵߣסңҶ߲ϵػţѾͷѾͷ
ҹΡ
˻ֱȴô෴Ϊ˶ģΪ˶ңʹҲãܾãֲͬһĸ飬ϧ
ϲѰ԰ƫƧĽ䣬һ˾羰ߴŮǽӴڲԭʱֻӥɹ̫ʱҷԼԽԽֻèſڼɽɷһ졣
ζҵţüͷȷʵζ
ūȥơת¼ɽ
æסˡ
ƿߣ˼ɽԵС֣ﱾǹǵƫƧƽʱûʲô˻С֣û˴̸ڵģȥЩɭ
Ҷ˸ƣͷһĲأһǲ׼飬ǶԻĴ󲻾ԣҿСŮֽеʱʵһ
ʲôͻʡ
СŮһתͨһ˵ϣ

޻ѵ4

ЦߵԿۣеֽûˣ
ҡŮҰ̱ڵû
ұСѵǣãȫɵˣ⵽ϧĸģֻţ˰Ҳδ˵Ļ
֮£ֻÿ⹬ˣȻһͱҪĴ𰸣Ϧֹһġ
ԾŶֹ˵ˡ
һ뵱ǰį¼ţԾѹѣͷٿǻֽĪǣڸֹֽô
ŮԻߵ׵ǣҼСĵ
ѵƬˣҴˡ̾ϢһȻԼղȷʵĹˣȥ֮ˣ֮飬Ĺģǻģαغ½档
㱸ֽһǸ˭ģ
æصǸСδСӵġ
ŶĶһ٣δĺӣҲô
Ůͷū澼ô˵ÿӶֵľ꣬׽̥ǻˣʹδ
ҵЦ૵ԣʹɱδĺҲɱˣô
Ů֪⻰ͼһشҲ֪شתһӵĻֽһ
ȥţ˵˵ģûҵ˭Ҳ׼
ǡ
ҵĻԹȥ
ĸҽֽֿһһŵضмɫѩصǡ
ŮڵС㲡źū澾ͱȥļѩ
һԥʣôΪ˿ɺã
Ůͦ˳ģҲΪˣʹҲûһӡ
Ц˽ҲǸˡ̫Ƿţʱưɣһˣ˵ã
صݾӵʱһŮڹſڡ

޻ѵ5

̫ūǰѩϲúã̫ʺٹȥ
ҴһЦȥ棬̫ڼҪһظˡ
꣬һֱΪԼֻռŻʺλӲóѼɣ˭ϵվ̫棬ôõӣ̫ľſõϣƽռһλӡ
ô˵ǲԸӦ¿
룬ҹڵϣ̫ҡ
ûԥ˵ƽԼҲò˼飺ǣǶˣ캦£ǶԸȥɡ
캦̫۽ͽ¶Ц⣬ǰǣǴˣȻҹ캦ˡ
ҵЦֱǶңǶ⹬һж̫ģû̫󣬳Ƕա
̫ڷ£㻹ǵЩҲѪˡ
ǶͲѪ٩٩ػصѪĺѳӢ꣬ǶҲ
̫󶢽ңĿȻϬ˰ΣߵĲ裬΢һڣ˹ǲ˵ʲôˣ
ûСϳŴӦš
ң豭£֪Į˽¶㻹Ǻ۰ġ
˶٣ǲ̫ϣô
ǣԣŶĮһһֻ۱һֻۣЩûȥ裬һ֪㲻ĳͲȥԻΣҵ
ֱסû˿η壬ڷëġ
ȻЦʣ֪ΪʲôҪѡΪô
ɻҡͷ
ЦݣʵѴĸǶ˵㣬֪ԲԭԵϾǱųģʲôʲôĵ벻Ķѡ
סһĿڻɢǽס塣
̫ûͣ£˵øˣҲƫΪɱ˳ڲԭôõ壬ȥĶңָ˭

޻ѵ6

˸ңڲԭʱһֱڸңҾ˳
ߣһӣҵҪõ壬ȻҪСĶԴҪ㻹ѣһȺĶﶼڻ㣬˺üǱЩǰӥĻˡ
ҵڵϣ˵
ֵС˼ܣȵ˿ЩС֪˰ɡ
⻰ʲô˼ü俴
Цſҵ˼ǣƾͼƣģñȱӣҲ˸в
ΣҳʹƭңҲԼģοûʲôûκһ˺ңҲô࣬ʹ࣬ҲԶൽȥ
⻰ǳ̫˵ģҲÿ˸ճġ
ȻЦͻȻסĥ͸оҲ¶˻źͲΪǻûѾˣͲ֪
ǾͲҪ֪ˣվֱȻǶһӶҪ֪ʹƭҲãҲãֻҪ֪ûƭûǶڳǶȥһֱһֱȥ
һֱǵõʱԼдǵģжԼҲһôһĸж̫ɣǵתʱߵغѣŵһɲǣģ̵ģģ飬ɵġ
ΪҽˣʱôΪġ
ĺϲʱǸһֱŵԼ·һ˲ֱӥ˲ԭϣǸֻɵЦŮ
صݾӣ¯ζƮ䣬źģߵ¯ߣϿգЩοƮ̴ҵָЩ£أ񣬻ɫͳ
غ죬Ҳǻһֻ֣࣬ϧһôұɡƿ¯ֿ˲غһۣȻأ¯С
Ȼɵز˼飬Ҿ¯ڵĲغͬһ𻯳˻ҽϣ˿Цݡ

޻ѵ7

һôϸضԼߣɫĵӣ԰׵¶˺״ô꣬ɱϾ͵ģأҾЩϲ
ʲôϲ£ͫڲԶϣЦҡ
ûʲôҡͷЦЦֻͻȻ뿴ԼжԶžоš
ͫЩɻ󣺡ūΪվоɡ
һе˼ҹûӣͻȻҪΣԣùտùþôҿ
æЦ֣ﳤˣ˰վӰƯˣū澼˸˶Ļù֣նþնãū澾ٶ˵һ䡣
ǰҵ¶ˣЦĿ⿴Щ
ǣҲˣܵ֪˼Թңôﲻˣ
̧ͷӵùڹҡ
ôūôû֣Ц
лߣѣ˰ˣԺеǻգһ̵ġ
ͫ⻰ʲô˼
һصǿܣʺҪ˵˼
ԣϵأķӦô󣬡ǲǹʲôˣ˱λô
Ҷ£æǰֻǲٵ̫̫Ҳ֪ˣԸһʺģӣܸогȷѪ꣬ҳʱãùãôô
ͫûӻȴҺܾúܾòŵһ仰أ㵱ŵ
Զȴ˿Цݣû£ֻҪ⹬мĻᣬң̫ӣûҸ˵İɡ
ȷʵˣ
ˡ
ˣ
ģ
¶˾ĵģͫչҶ꣬Ƕҡ
ԣüãǴ˿ԸԵͷӦˣҲգˣūҲʲô
ŷԺ󣬵ҲǻʺˣҰһסô

޻ѵ8

ͫ¶Цݡ
ЦˣǰתһȦҵúú裬ҺܹԵģÿ춼ûȥԺ͹ùסˣ͸Ҫڼϰˣٺ١
ƫͷڿлһµĻ
ɴ˲䣬ҿͫЦݣο뻶ϲཻڣֻǽڵıв
ùã֪ɵƽ׵طʺܣǻɱ֮ỤңǸɾģͬһ
ֻǣûֻҪֽеĵ뷨ҲΪ˵
ùãĹıԺӦûڰɣǷµĻɣһϲЩɣôϸĵչţһҲԸ뿪ǡ
ǣû뿪ǻįġ
ͬһ
ʹʹڷݾӣǾĶǵġ
һϵ˼ѩһ̲Ѫʱҵһ֪ԭδĺӣĸ׶ʱֻһ̲Ѫһ̲͵˵Ѫ
ɫҰףӵڻʪɼ
ҵĺӡҵĺӡͣؽУϵؽУʹȹմѪڵѪˣʶģɲǣǸѾΪѪˮĺӡ
ֹ˵ʱʹĵı飬ҲΪʲôŷһ䣬ÿ˵Ͽա
ҿѪµģεģվſڣŵＸ㣬ҳٳٲ߽߽Ҫ̲Ѫ·ȹһ˵Ӥ
֪ʹɱҲò˵䣬ΪĸףȻԼĺӶã˻ʵñ̫ĵġ
̫һһ䣬˵ڡ
̧̫Ƕ쿪Цݣ˭µ֣ö붼֪֪뾡취ɱĺӣȴû뵽㾹˵ģһֱΪǸҪضŮӡ
㣬㺦ҵĺӣһ㣡ǿӲָ̫̽üģܴܳ

޻ѵ9

̫ЦһЦȻû֤ݵñ˵ο˱Ǻ֮ôָǴ󲻾
Ҳں޺ȴ˿ɱҵĺӣɱ˻ʶҪ㳥
û㣬ﲻţҪ㳥Ҫ㳥
ҿʼգû˵һ仰
ǵֹʧӵʱڵﻭΪѪ飬ֱ˵Ҳף˭ѹֻǲѹֳ
ΪʲôֳڵǺѹɣΪһѵҲҪΪʲô飬Ҫʧȥأ
ٿ˫ұʹš
룬ǳʲôͻȻģ̫ҽѾˣֵֵǷꡣ
£̫󣬳Ѿԭˡûᣬ̫ҽߵǰ£Ϊ׵˵ü˵
˵֣˿ɳơ
£ǷȻҲ˵̫ҽη͵ɫµԵĶ˲Ķ
ʲôʲôȻ۾
̫ҽæصǡֺ컨һּҩиĴɡ
ȻȻȻϢתֵ̫󣬡µİɣµİɣ
̫ߣЦ£ĪҪ˵ƾˣġ
ˣһͺ𣬺סˡ
̧ĿﾹѰһ˿ǰδеɱ⣺ȥ⵽ʲô컨Ķģҡ
ǡǡ̫ҽĨ˰亹ȥˡ
ſ㣬Ŀ̫󣺡ĸ󣬼ȻǺ֮·ִƵĺһֻһΣǷҲأ
˲
ʹһֱڰнϾţٱϣû̫йʲôͻ
֪أŭˣ̫ҲȥЦݣĿ֮һŻһĻ
飬ȻҪ顣
ȻڱĵϷ£ȻһֻܹܺԼߵˣĪٿڳˡ
ĸּ⡣
ûףûҾ³Ҷþġ
̲Ѫ۵ĺ죬תʵǲٿȥҪѹ˵Ŀѹҵϣһһء
ת뿪ѩֱͫıԺֻůģǸɾģǲκο־ġ
ͫ겻ΪͻȻ˻ֱ֣̿˽ĻʲôҲ˵ǣҲʲôʣֻǱסҡ
ƺӤЦڹǵϿգĿ޺̫Цݡ
ùã£¡
§סң˵֪Ǿۼĵط
һرסùãҪңҪһҺ¡
ͫЦˣʲô㻹
ҲҪ㡣ץ
΢סΣҵĶ¶ů⣺ҲҲΪ꣬ԶȥŵЦݣһӲЦݡ

Ǩŭ1

иʣиʣ衣
ңһֱ磬ֱһ죬衣
ҪˣΪϻ赲Ĺ糿ҺһվǸӭĵط
Ƶʱжȥգº͵ţɫɲ԰ףɵϣ֪ûãƫڳǰǿӲسš
ȥϻĵΣЩоĽѧѧҪԳߣҪԹǫΪǵã
ǣ֣豧ȭ볼
΢ЦƾмǣԼСģɳϡ
ͷ¶˿ѵЦݣİɻ֣һ㱣סɽҪ黪
仰Ҿͷˡ
ףһ£ĨĨ죬ƶԵ֣ʹ˸ǡ
ȵȣתҪ뿪ȴסǣûʲôҪԾ˵ô
ͻȻңЦ⡣ͻȻѰػ裬ҲңŵĲ밧
ҡҧҧǧȴ֪ô˵ı˴ĮѽǸغԶһʱ⣬ξ㽥ʵ㣬ʲôʱٻ
ӯӯؿҲҡ
һĬ˵ǸԸʵˣ򣬳
Ըҵ˵ҪԶϳ黪Ըʵ֣ǲԶôˣҲãɵӥýڹǡ
һʵֵģ΢΢Ц۾㣬˵һУҶš
ǣңһ죬ҪǣһԶ뿪Ů
С壬ʹѾʵֵŵԣҲһֱţһֱš
ء
ǴǰˬЦݣкҵϣֻǣѾ䣬ٲǰǰůˡ
һۣ˵ĿУԵ硣

Ǩŭ2

Хʣ˻ҿžıӰʧڳžͷ˾ȻѣͬΪߣΪߡ
ع·ϣһ·ңߣ˿ΣΪ˱ȥָоҹ⿴һװ;ģҲ˵ڳ˼ʲô
ԽұԽǲԼ죬ʵôͷĥ˰죬룬Դһͷײ˿ϡ
ӴҺ˵ߵţԼײȥҲʵ㹻ʹġ
˹æҵ·ʲôܰҲײϡ
ίŬŬ죺Ϊ£·˵ģҲҽһŲ·ô·вײô
ôûײšЦҡ
ӵߣڳԼ·Ҳڷô
һοЦСѾͷ˵㣬в
УҵͷغЦ
΢΢ҡͷ˹ҵıӣһűЦǳһ㣬ĬҵЦģĳĶ
ǣ뿴һֱôЦȥ˻ᣬҵ
ҲֻҪϲҾһֱôЦȥ
Цô˵ΪЦ
ұʵЩߣҪǿطʵ²ΪЦô
΢ǴЦ£ǾأΪЦô
ҲңʶأҵȥЦݣˣʵңˣѹôįô
гҲƭңԣҧ´ͷ
Ȼһȴ΢΢ЦŽΣҶ˵ңįô
ס֪δӦֵҴˣҲʱߡ
æҡͷ˵²Ҫ룬СһֱҪȥ󽫾˵Ҫ黪ԶںƽлţҲܳ˵۸ԣ㲻ĵġ
Ȼüûȥ˼ҵĵĲ㡣

Ǩŭ3

ң㣬ͷʲôõĵģԺõúõģˡ
˵꣬һſ˫ƣ֤
צצģ¶˿ЦѾͷں˵ġ
ҲҲںͱ˵ѽ˵˶ϲŮӣҲǰɣҹսź۾
ЦһҵĶͷСѾͷֲѧãЩĶģ
ĶвҲŲʣͷһƫװģ
ЦŨˣ֣Ὣҵ˻ȴҵ۾һԲолҪ˵ԣҲ˵оȴˡ
һᣬЦ⽥ЩȥĲ֣ȴǱ˴棬ҿܣԣԾأҲЦݵȥˡ
ǣ֪̫ʼ̥¡Ƭ̣ڣ¡
ǣûпʣֻǵͷʾ֪
ЦЦȻٿңתһֹģЦһ££ʲô˵ɣ
ǹ˹εıӣѾͷ⹬ôļɲС
ǶԱ˵ĵǶ㡣ЦŻ
һסЦݣǳĬƬ̣ǣң̥ºйô
Ļ־䣬ʯͷҽҾͻȻסˣֹѿʹȫĿ࣬еЦ⡣
ЦݣҶǸоҵı仯æָرסңȴڸܵһɲͻȻǷ˰ţһֻ̣ҪԶҪ뿪ڻңң
ûϵһһп϶һ̣ƿתĻһȺŮľУǡ
ǵڼˣŽǵʱȴҵĺݺʹš
һ·ɱƴܣҪܣ·Ҫе˼ȥ׸ǸĵˣҲĿࡣ
ֱݾӣŮǲԡ

Ǩŭ4

ס𣬹Ůһ㣬ʱѴƿԳͻȻתǰһ̣ҽŹϡӳӰӣǣţˣ˵
ҲҪҪס䣬Ļ㻳ң㻳ң
Ҳǻ㣬ֻЩұҪŪںţߺҵš
ĻţæԵİסţΪ̫ϵĻƿ˵أ˻һĵļУƵظˣǣôˣʲôˣȰŴ򿪺òãҺͣȲҪ
ҲҪðܵסŶߣ߰ҲҪ㣡
룬⻰ǺģΪ˵仰֮ͻȻˡ
ǣأҲתϣһ˵þõĳĬִźɳƵ˾ġ
ǣҪңҲ˺㡭
ʹģȴսȭͷȲҵģҲҪ㣡
ⲻж
ΣĲжˡ
ҳſ˻ᣬȻʶǲˣһ˿£ת͸ŷȥ
ȷʵˣңһ˹¶ͥԺȥ
ǺȻ޵꣬޵ʧ˺Ѱʹһһѹҵϡҷŭίʧѹ˾ȵУҴ˴š
㲻ҪңҲŲмȥ˺㣬ҲòΪ˱ҺãҲϡ㣡ˣ
Ҵſǻúף
ģ䣬ҿͣתҡ
Ȼӹİ㣬۾ôײҵķ׷ҵĿ֮䣬ǸôԶľ룬ıŨҵҵ壬˿ֻоűҵžۣͻȻըҵĵףǣʹصʹҰҵҲġ
Ļ꣬谵գһУķ羰

Ǩŭ5

죬ΪңңҲ˺
￪ʼѲ㱻̥£вŮ޶˱꣬ٶĻ̻̣ΣҵķݾҲûӳѡ
糿軭ҵıʷĿеӥ͸ϵο˽һҵϣҵıϣҵӥϣδɵīâҿϲȻĵףգıˣ֮ȥ
ʲôôģ˶֪ѩȻңһʱ¡
ѩôˡ
ôҲôһۣ۵¶Цǣ㲻ˣ
æЦﰡֻ񣬱һ˶ѡ±ʣұܿߣƵȥ裬ȴߵߣֹסҵĶ
ĵûɡ˵úᣬ΢΢Цš
һ㶣һ㣬¶
̾ǾͺãֻֽˣһֱΪǻҵģԣͻȻƲסԼҪ˺㡣
ҺǺЦȴƮ˿⣬˵ıΪͻ飬ôǸҳɱָνͣ
н٣ʵڲ֪òĿڣһֱȴȥǾ仰
ҪҪΪ֮һתײЦǣ֪ס
ҳģ˵ģ
΢Ц߽ң죬һ𣿡
üͷȥǱ£
㻹󣬡ѩ̾ЦкմįڻôãҴûôܹ
һԺָ˫˵۾
ѩƫͷ⼴ʧһĨǵСʱϲŻ֣ᣬһ˾԰￴飬ڵĵطͺһԴܾе
ǵһΣѩ˵Ĺ¡

Ǩŭ6

ֱλģȻüüԼĺ⣬Ǹʱ̫̫ɱ¾ͶթǣʱĻֻвŸɣң黪ǧǿˣ˸ʣȣʷϵˣԣΪ˱ΪԼĽɽʲϧɣԼ׶ӵ
֤ʲô
Цһһֶ䣬Ķ䡣
ҵ䣿ʲô
΢תҵһֻʹһӵ䣬һӶӲһӶᱻסԶҲòɡ
һӭĿ⣬ĵ׾Ƚ˿ûɵĿֻš
ֵӵкǿ飬ռ֮飬Һͻֵѱռˣ˵עҪΪ͢ƷҲעҪΪįĵԣҪ޸ɣһԼˣҲҪһֱһֱ¶ػȥ
⻨׷ɣ·ÿһƬ궼ЦݣЦİǻȥ
ѩߵߣס֣ҲƮ𣺡ǣԸô
ҲǺܶôܽô
΢ЦǰΪܣֱ֪ġ
üģ
ͷÿ䶼ģֻҪģ䲻Խ⡣
ʲôæ
㲻ùܣֻңǲ
ҷǲֻҪҰˣ
ѩ΢εôңǲǴԸ
ҡһû˵ִ꣬ҵĻʵǲǺܰ
סȻܿߣ벻ʲôϵ˵ˣʹ黪Ӧ
ᴵķ磬ķҵģסЩԣķÿĺƯ
ĨЦ˵ǵѪҺǧǻɵģֻǣȴÿ߹գޱ޼ʵĺڰֻʣޱ޼ʵĹ¶ˡ

Ǩŭ7

תȥƿŵʱϯķ紵ķͣңǵЦ⣬ǰһºͣǣһֵ顣
Ҳţ·ɽƮĻȻ˺ֺ޲ãְ𣬿ǣҲԣĪңĪҡ
ߺûãһȺŮȻҵķݾӣ˵Ƿ̫֮ȫѲ컨䣬һ䶼ûüһ˺Ȼ컨
ȷʵǺ컨ǰЩ̫ҵĲغһģһôĿŵҵвһŻǿտҲĵط
ѩǾĪҾǺ⣬ȺŮѲ֮ǰû˽ҵ޹
ָľôҴʾҿĺ컨ǳ˿Ц⡣
߽̫ĹΣѵһյģǰӽҾû
ʺ̫ңĿϬ罣
ǰ֮λ޴ʣ
̫Цת̧ͷҵ󣺡Ļʺ󻹾ԩء
лԭΪѶֻ̫һˣû뵽Ҳˡ̧ͷףĽŲ߹ʱԶһ٣Ȼֲ̫ߡ
ĸɣǡ
̫ͷ㷽ŶԱ˵˵һ
ǣؿͷһ˶˵ʺū˵Ϊãʱū澲֪ﱻ˺컨Ծˣֱ糿ūΪʱ˼вĺ컨ص̫ūĲȺģʵΪ֪ж
˵ɣûһŵĸоб˷˿Щңһ˺ҲûУȫǱ̫ȵӡҿᣬȻлȻһסЦ˳
ϵ̫߰ߣȴû뵽߾ʱʱߴ粽õ߰ƽʱԽҵжȫ㱨ĶȱҪʱֿӺݲһźҵǸˡ

Ǩŭ8

̫¶˿ŭ⣺ʺµ㻹Цĳô
ֻ̧ͻȻһ仰ĳʡ
̫ԻؿңҼˣ΢ЦŻǡ۾˵Ϲ
˵꣬תһ£ͷظˡ̫ͻȻ˰ףֳܿŵϹҲ滰Ҳã֤֤ڣʺҲӲġ
ԭûҪӡЦһ٩٩
̫΢۾ô˵˿
ҡ
ȵȡһûѻ˵꣬ȴҵĻĸ󣬿ɷһ⡣
׶̫̫ᶯüͷʰɡ
̧һֱ֪ĸÿն޹Ծκκ¶׼ÿξĸ󶼻ſ˴ţԣǳ棬һССŮôĸĽĸģĸԡ
̫һۣЦЩɬѩѩ޹߱ġ
ô˵ʵٱʺģѩȻЦݣҲسˣ̫һԲɫȴôÿǣתסңȻһץסҵı۰򣬡ĸҪʺ˽̸Ȱˡ
վס̫Ȼλվˡ
ҵӣû̫ҵĶֻƮ仰ֹ̫ס˲֣ȴûзſҵ˼ʹĸ٣ĸҲǿҳģĸ֪ƢԣԲŻὫ͵ߣôĸ֪ǲſģκ˶
ҿ̫ʧȥ֧Űϣǲŵı顣
תһɲǣѩȴҲûһֻۣǾԣĿϡ
䣬૿ڣôȴͣ˲ѵ׼һӶô
ǣҵֺȻ˽ɣǣνˡ

Ǩŭ9

ν̾Ϣһ㣬ѩңȴһӡ
һȻعͷײѩЦݣǶңǶǶȥˡ
һ·ߣɣûŭҸһ仰Ҳ岻ϡ
ķҶɨһŮڼǺæߵȴ·ʲôҲʲôҲҵߣĻţŭָͬ¶һ˰ӿҵ壬ǣҺ˵̧ͷֻܵͷĽŲ¼ĺӡ
һ·߽ĵһ֣Զϣֻʣˡ
ҧס´ͷظͣԸоıϢĴҵĶͷ
ʹ׼ȥ׼κˣ͸ҵġ
ҲҪСȴᶨ
ͻȻսҵ֣ܸоŭ⣬ңֻңûзأ
£Ծǿ£ѹô
ǣҧңҲҪѹ㣬ҪӴԺԶ
Ȼ̧ͷƾʲôƫҪģ
ŭ𣺡ΪʲôҪô֪֪жҪɱ㣿֪֪һſն㡭
ͻҶҲ˻ȥںҪɱҲûڣͿΪˣҲŲҪʣ
΢ңȴȫʹ⣺ãҼ٣Ҷ¹ˣߣȥӽҲٶһΣ
ָŴ
һʱᣬ޺߾ߣұû㻤ң˵ʲôҰңȫǼٵģŹûУҾͲңȥҲϡĹģԺһûйϵʺϵʡģ
Ĩ˰ᣬҰͷϵķ¡

Ǩŭ10

һֱôƫΣΩöŻʺݵķΣҲҲô
ͷҲصسſڣ˫ִ򿪵ţӭײҹ紵䣬ҧҧ̧ȥȻſ˰벽ҵ־ͱһ˻ȥֱصعϣ˱˻
ſңſңһ߿һһһ֪۸ңһʧǣˣ
ִȴӿҲסңǾĬңƾҶֿ֡
˻ᣬǿˣﴽǣҵ˵Ǹһһָô
ҳŻָ˭
ЦĨҵ᣺ˣ߶챻޻ˡ
Ĩ˼ζҲͲٷֻǣͿסˣɱôһ壬ˮʧ˿ذ㻩ˣЦظˣֽ뻳ˣˣҴˣҲú㣬˲
У·ĨĹߡ
Цϵķμҵķ䡣
Ժ󣬲׼
ϣң߽
պ˿⣬ȴҲϲôţվλӣһ£һ£һ£ͬǰʱһůݡ
ֻǣǱġ
ҺȻЩĵûɵĿֻţҲڴʱһȻԽԽԽԽҪ塣ֱʵ̲סһͻȻѰط
һԥʵ£ǸʵңԲԣ
壬תұظô㲻Ըһô
ҡ
ҰָжѹҲڴʱ˵ˣԲԭϲɣҲӦ㣬һҪ뿪
֪˵ЩʲôҼǣ뿪ô
ͻȻͣģҵҲһͣģץ·شҲԸ뿪ǣͺš
ҹ¶߹գЩ롣
ǲˣ֪ʱɿ֣ת§ҵҡ
æɵЦӦۣûУֻǿ¶Щ
̾Цһ˹ҵıӣô˵ղڷĻȫû
ұҡͷɻһ룬ղ⣬װûáҲ˵ĬӦ̾ˣʱˣ˯ɡ
ҡŶתԹȥȴվδűңĪͷգգʣôˣ˯ô
ЦЦ˿ɬ⣺˯ɣҵȥһط
ʲôطüͷһ
ܿҵĿ⣬֪Լ˼ǿЦȥǶɣҲϰһ˯ˡ
תߣȴסңǣ̥֮±Ͼϵֱ
úҽô࣬ﷺ˴⣬֪Ҳӡ
ϴ̿˿Լͷϡ
о֣˿߸ҵաȻһ̾һһͬݾһ¹µֻʣһˡ

ûλ1

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ǴӺʱҾ˰¶ǣֻǰ¶ĸоеĸо
Ů⴫ȥ̫ĴȰ
üʱѹôȥĪǶ̥һҵ̤ǰȥϵԵʣϡ٣ȰĵطһӰ
ģתһ룬˵޶£ԲŻ˶Ǵˡôһ˿ҵվڴȰ⣬ͷƵĵɫǸ̫밲̫ǧꡣ
һ仰˿ڣ˺ķʲôҲԥԼǷҪȥôһַ磬󵽽ȵŶ˿
һսȭͷһڣһŨصѪζʶſڱǣһƳĵϣͫѩͬʱѪ֮У
ùá
һæ˹ȥͫϻ£æָ̽£оƽȲ쳣ŷĵȥùãѰѰ
ҡһᣬͫüͷ۾麰һͻȻͷۣæס
ôʶЩȻҡ
ҷˣùã⻰㰡ô̫ʲôУѪô°
ѪͫȻ򣬵ͷ˿ܣҶߣֶһ̧ʱﾹŰմѪذס
ҵؿذףػȥѩղŽʱֻΪͫ˲⣬ͫˣﻹŰذףѩȴɵߡ
ĵֲԤУҲѩָֻһѺ¶ȣˣˣѩˡ
ãȻ֪룬ĸо֪»ʹֽԥʱ֣ͫҷƵسſڣùãﲻܴˣҪ㣬Ҫ޻ǰ
䣬űƿ

ûλ2

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ǣôˡһңմŵѪɫһ䣬ô£ˣ
ѽŵ˵֪λش𣬶ʱ̫ƿĿ⣬Ƴѩʬ壬Ȼ˳ѩ
ҵһֻģһֻǣͫ꣬Ǳ̫ͫҪذס
ǣɱҵѩ̫ʹļףصǡ
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̫Ҳ̧ͷȥһ¾ֱץġ
ĸ󣬿ʲôᡣ˵ڡ
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ü¶˿ãԳĸԻѩҲãҵѹ١
̫ЦðǾɡ
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İʾڣ䲻̫ǣ˼ס£ɼʹˣڵµ֮ľˣ˯˰̣Ҿͱˡ
ôô
ͫϣֹסϥϣ¶ֻЩϰ߶ѡ
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Щǵؿǹùأ㲻ô
ҡͷ䣬ӱҽ󡣡
Ҽɫƽ·Էŵļ޻֮º޷ӦɣùãܸҾôôΪʲôѩߣѩ㾿ôġ
ͫЦȻһͣҼ¶һɫתһ룬Ҳԣ˹ߣȫԻͫٽѩߣˣ֪ͫʲô¡

ûλ3

ˣҶʡ£ŴصԵʣǼⷴԵÿɹϸ빬⣬Ȼȴҫ˿ǰ磬Իĵ⣬Ĺâĵ͸
ô糿ҹ֪˶ãԶԶŲתȥһϮƮȾӫӫ¹⡣
ˣͷЦһɫҵЦݺֻΡ
ʲôʱˣЦһסҵ֣ôôִô١
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üԼ·ϣ˵ĳô
ҡͷʱվڵ⣬ڿ¶ȫûע⡣
Ц¶¶ôÿؼʱȥ¶
Ƴһۣа룬ҿ¶֪Ϊ˭ءȷʵǹҴ⣬һʼҾ͸뵽ǴҵѾͷ·Ѿͷڵ⴫ģֻܹԼһʱͿ¶ɵˡ뵽̲סһۣϧ֮ɫﾹ˿ϲá
ū澼£ǧꡣͫӷ͹ˣҺһһ˵ţ޴Ӳ죬ٵڲ밲
һͷɡ
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æҡͷˣֱӰҽӳȥãοͶ̫֪һֻҲ硣
Ц˿ɬ⣬ģһܿȥ
Ц˳йùãҲҪùùóȥ
Цݣ΢ͫһۣͫˣ̴һ˵⡣Զˣҵ˵ô£ͷβϸ˵һ飬ҺԲߡ
ҾһᣬŶ˵˳̫Ҳغ飬ѩҷݾӵ£Щüͷ̫ûбʲôʱûС

ûλ4

֪ҪžܾͿˣû뵽ˣѩôˣ
̾һЦ㻹
ȴЦֻǵ²Ҳôʬʱ㵱治ѹ𣿡
ӣôܻ᲻ѹϾãֻû뵽ȻἫ˵һز
Ҹоҵһ׷ʣʹʱʵĺãǣô죿üĿô
ҵûüĿҲҪŪȥ˯һ㡣
ҵɻˣһһҳô
ɫԳһ˲ָֻЦݣǣңһзӵġ
Ȼô˵ˣҲپܾʲôܳȥȻãһһҲȷʵˣһᣬ̴ӽʾ⣬ǲᣬԵЩ˯ɣˡ
ͫ˲߻У˲ʱ򻥶һҾ˿죬ȴ벻Ķͫȥʱ̴һֱں˵ЩʲôһʱʵǶʲô
ͫЦûʲôƺͱһ
ĬʲôͫҲԣֻǽ޵ڸɲݶϣȻ棬ƫǲҪӲţҼϥˮʳͫ꽫õȫң䲻ҵɫͲҲͲˣζسһҲѵӡ
Աһᣬµ£ϲ½ʱʱţԺɲǼ侹ѩݡ
ùã˵ѩ㾿Ǳ˭ɱģ
ͫ㣺أ
һص֪أֻǣҾЩϣ̫ɵģԼĸɱĻǻܰϢô
ͫḧҵķˣѩ̫Ĺϵã̫ƫӣѩĸ鵭ĺܡ
Ǿȣתѩ̫ʱǷݱӣЩ͢ΪʲôѸ鿴ôء

ûλ5

ͫǲǿᣬǿ̫أ̫ȫȨѩܸκ棬ôĹòĸ׵ĸ飬жռջۣ˺Ļ
Ųôʶץסֵͫùãǵĸģô
ͫ΢΢һЦ
ҲЦˣķ˯Ҳˣùã˵ߣʱһȥ
ͫûлңֻǸҵķںźӰض˵˯ɣǸ죬һϲ
Ҵû۹⼸ʵڵ̫࣬ò˰ȵһ˯˯òһ㡣
ӶΣȴͬһΣֿ˵ĸƶ϶ҿĵЦţֻǵ߻ƮһӰʹҪȴֻܿȻ֮䣬ȫ˺ɫĸƻǸӰȫûˣֻʣһ̲Ѫˮҿӿ
ҡһѣûͱһůĻ
ǣǣסػңһѡ
ҲģҸղμöѪǵصأҪҡ
Ҳ֪ΡЦңҵĻ
ҺԼЩɵԻҵĿԣˣҵĶͷûˣһжȥˣȥˡ
˰˲ûӦȥˣʲôȥˣ
ʳڣұ㷢ΧĲԾ˯ǰһôĵˡ
ôˣ̫Źˣץסʵ
Ц˿ɬ⣺˯һϢˣ㣬ɺã
ҲĲԾԼĲԾתȥ⣬ʱѽƻ裺˯˶ã
һˡ
һ죿ôܻԺ˯һ죬Լô֪Ȼ֮䣬һֶֿµ뷨ռסҵԺ
ҽס۾ʣǹùأһô
һĿЩ㣺Ȳ̸ô

ûλ6

жƿסùǲǻûƿĿûлңҸˣЩ̴ӣЩ̴ӵ׺˵ʲôʲôôܻ˯ôǲҳԵĶ⣿ùðѲ˶ˣһ֪ʲôңùõôˣ
ˣȻڡ
е׽ҵȻѣҡͷһ˲侹ͻȻ˵Щʲôʲôˣôˣ
ûпңһѽұǣ˵ûа취̫࣬ȫҪأѩͶ̥¼ʹҲᱻɻȥԡ
ùùȥҽס壬Ļȴġ
رסңǣûа취Ҳʧȥ㡣
İͺ⣬˵Щʲôôᣬô˵ҪһôҲţҲţ
ùأ˰Σʵ
Ĭһ˲̫е̥ɱѩ黪ɷҪ
Ҫʲô
ɿ֣סҵ۾ҪǧУ
ҾһڣͻȻʧȥǰ㣬Ψһķӳƿ˷ƵȥľʲôҲҲҪκ˵ֻҪùãֻǰ˽Ļ¶ȡ
˵ǵļ̶ŽУö˵ǾԩǵĵطҲȥһֱһֱȥûԼҪȥ
ڱϣŤ˻ƵǿҵӰ¶˾ȣӰ͸񣬿ɴʱѹ˲Щɱһ״âǰ̨ϣ̨룬صĺ죬صѪ
£ҵϣ档
ǸŮӣ񣬱Ц£ǹ¶ЩįЩҰЩΪʲôҪ
̤Ѫһһ̨İ£ǲ֧İİľڷɢѪճһһءؿǣϣһһĿӣѪܵѪ⣬ЩɽΧҵǰ

ûλ7

£ס֣ĵıֱĿڡ
סľȻͷ۾ҲңΨҹ˫ʱʹ
ԲҰﲻ
촽ʼס
ҿ۾һ仰Ҳ˵
ϣͬĵӣ塣
ҿɫԽԽ԰ףԽԽϣȻһСĵ̽ؿҡ
ĲЩȣдʵ̫ãŵѳ˸ɣԺָյʱҲͻȻԭָ¶Ⱦͫ껹ࡣ
ǣ̫ıľҵģġͫġԼģѿҲܲκʹ
Ҫң
ޱصҵԼÿֲ
һָڰգΣջ֣һĵطĬĬվţٲ̤ǰ
ôô㣬ôôΪᱣǣǣȴĽ
ûдУҳ˳ǣóĵЦ
֪Ϊֻ֪ңǣǰͫʬһһڸңͻȻǰ޹ĸΪĸϧٱ췴Ƶõ۾ò֮ʹ˵
ǰˣ߽ҵȴҲҵ
ǵñ³ǸԭŮô
ͷͫһۣģԽᡣ
ûлңһվţ֪һˡ
ǣҲõЦˣ·۵ЦݣǰŭȻʢټôټЦô
ҵĸ׺һҲеЦݣЦĺ񣬶ϣܽЦԶߡ
Цݡ
֪˵⻰ʱɷһ죬һֱѾͷЦġ
ͻȻ˶ɫһ˿ѪɫҲȫȻߣԺ
˿ָ࣬ʪģġ
ץסǣسǣˡ

ûλ8

磬סڵЦݣֻΪ㵥Цݣֻ
һ״䣬ߵ䣬âҵЦݡ
˵Цݣûһ˿¶ȣ˲̶̵صӳͫ
ҿͫŴҵӰһָ۾ѸۣʲôҲҪҿ壡
Ѿͷ
Σ˶ǾѾͷɳƵʹ
ͬһĨҰ׶͸ƮڴС
һվƽס۾ĵоκ˵ʹתţ֪ҲˣǣҺޣĺޣʵڲ֪ýĺδȥ
ǣþеûͺˣΪʲôҪأΪʲôʧĲ㣿ΪʲôͲܴҵﳹ뿪أ
ߺݺ
з˦ˮ飬Ȼš
ٵڵϣһ죬ˣˣҵҲˡ
£ҹ԰׵ûһ˿ѪɫĿ⣬סңŵûУתǵЦݡ
ȥɣ屾Ͳãܺġ
Ц֡
һ˲ƿ̨֣
뿪㣬ǲǽ֣Ͳˡ
㱼䣬ڿ۵׵ɫ·Ϣİ
£ҡ
ûзӦط·û
ҼҲٴˣҺ˵Ҫߵģôŵ԰ɡ
ΪٻңΪǰһƾҴ߿κƫƫһأһʱץסҵ֡
أңѾͷ㻹ԭô
𡭡𡭡
硭
ڿһĻһ㣬Ҹûк޹㣬֮Ի˵ЩֻΪʱ̫С̫̫޷ġ
Ҫ˵ޣ޵ʵԼǣʱҸûеȥȷԡԡ

ûλ9

Һ㣬ҲҪԭ㣡
ͷ˺Ѱʹ룬ʹǲ֮һҲ֪ʱΪҪƫִˣֻҸȥйȴƫƫйȥй㡣
һҹжҲ֪Ҳȥֻ֪ǵÿߵſڵʱ򣬸оûжҲ̲סˣһͷ㿴ȥ
ڵҹɫڵĲӰȾǹ߽䡣
ҿ㻺£ϱҶСļĨȥҡ
ȻҿĨ翵ĵЦͬմȾǹ⵭Ĺâڹҹ£ԽԽįԽԽį
ѾͷҲ㣬Բ𡭡
Ĵͣ΢ЦıˣȻԺӿĺãҲȥ롣
롭
ʹң롭
ҹ󣬹ͻȻصϢ˵һֱԲѣûһ̫ҽܹҳҰԼڷݾǿԼȥû죬ұӵһּּ̫ܲܲ˵Ӷ̥ıɱѩ֮¶乬
ǣ乬ݶĵķЩ죬˶ãҾ˶á
ȻôΪʲôȥ
ѣͷվڻ԰ɣֵŮ˵⼸켸ûԹʲôݶϣô
ȻΣҡͷֵͷ
üͷſ֣ҺԼݶٻʱ벻Ҳ
ҷڳߵʯϣԼҲ£Цʲôϵǲɡ
ĳӣҪϧˣҸҪϧˡ
ҵҲ֮ӡ
ңĳѪԵûйϵ
һҪ㸸׺أ
ֵֻҵˣܸ黪õģΪˣԼҲϧ
е۾۾ҲΪЧϧ˵ɽһҪѪ·֮ô

ûλ10

תסĲʣѩأϲİɣ䲻֪˭֣Լ˵ԤΪ͢ƷҲ᲻֪ԤԣȻϲΪʲô뿪Ϊʲôȥֹ
ͻȻﻮ˿ʹ⣬ӵĳĬ˵Ҳ˵˻ͳһݵǰͫǰҪģߺͫѪȫ֧ľ˽ȥڲǰҰ㡣
ҴİľͫѪʱѩ׳졣
ӰѹĿڣҳ˺þòʵôЩô
ңȻô֪ΪʲôԼȥ
Ҵų仨
һ۵֪Ϊʲôô
ҡͷ
ЦЦʵҲ֪ôã֪Ǵʲôʱʼģǰصĺܺá
еĻƮˣɫҰײҰ׵ģѵ֪ˣҲڸѹô
Ҽǵõһ£ҲƮɫ꣬ʱĸ֪ĸʵǱģ붾ĶԭҪȵġΪһֱ𣬾ܱʲôҲ˵Դĸͺ˵˽ӴǰԼ԰һ˿顣ĸƶûʸΪλΪȵ۵ǸԤԣλô䵽ϣɶʼֿҲһʱǶСû·ִ֪磬īϣ³Եķϣõȫջ١һһϣȴüҲһ£ÿÿԼʰԼо֣ҲԶôĮȻͫꡭ
˵⣬ͣͣתȻסңͫĸ飬٣ͫ걻ǧУΪ˲̫ʹ࣬ĸйȫתƵԼϣҲΪŻֲ֧סҷĲ֢ʵǺʶˣټĻʹֻͫĹˣֻͫ۸ʱԮ֣һֱԴԼĸףֻԴֺͲȥͫıԺˡ

ûλ11

ҳԾ̧ͷΪʲô
˳ǣΪʲôΪ뱣㣬Ҫ㣬һĵطõıԶ㣬ֻԶˣ˲Ų㵱ˣſ԰ȵػȥ
ҴסãȻҡͷܣģҪ㣬ң
㣿ЦЦΪôô꣬úһ𳤴󣬻裬ǲϷˡ
һô᣿ѵ𣿿ĵﻹĻ񰡡
ҡͷȻϷҲӦõİɡ
Ҳ˲ģأܸİɡ
ЦֱҵǸԵ̳Ϊ浽ѱôôοΪ䱸ʳˣȴƿֱӰ£Щ飬ʹûΪʲô𣿡
һ⣬ͻȻץס䣺˵⻰ʲô˼ѵǹ¶Լĺ𣿡
Ϊ˰ºλɱһԼδĺʲôңûκα顣
һɿ֣ͷȻû˵
Ĭ˻ֵһֱԸҰ¸㣬˵̫ʺ֪Щҵһ˼ֻ֪ж໤㣬Ļһ˿飬ǾԶҪ뿪
ԶҪ뿪
ұϥʯϣĻ꣬ѳһһĻȡ
վڴЦݣ·ҹǹ⣬įز˼顣
ԭΪô࣬ԭҶԣһֱһֱôҪġ
ǣѾ˺ˣһô̵˺
ɻкڵôɻصĻô
⾲ҵϣûһ˿¶ȣ͸ĵӰҿöˮҵĲϵ䣬ҵȴźÿĻȣĵ·⾲ͣ

뿪͢1

֪˶ã뿪ˣǰ˵ͫ˵ϣܴӣϰɡ
İƮ˿ѪζҴ˻ᣬס漴˷С
һů˳ŷӿҵԺǧ˿ָ飬ǧ˿Ƹ䡣۾оͫʶ･ʵ·һ˲䣬Ҿͫ꣬ҲǸ㣬ԶԶƮҵĶϡ

Ƕڻŵʱһֱ޷ô㣬ҿˡ
֧ӡҵξֻʱξŻῪ룬ʱҸѾˣ֧һϣԺҲ㡣
һֱ˭һֱΪʲôҲҵݣ̫̫࣬˵ˣҲҪ˵ûʦ黪Ψһʦ֧ǻŮİľ
ҳĵطҲǲԭһ޼ʵգһ޼ʵĴأʱ͵ܵһܱɽҰվѩӺϣǰ黪
˾Ĺң黪һǳ
һֱûи㣬ʵҲǴ黪ˣһ˵ѪΪѪĹϵҵķǷɫģĸΪ˲ע⣬ҰѷȾɺɫҴûмףĸ˵кҪȥԲŻὫǶ߾˵һģֱĸȥ죬ԾûмӰ
ĸҲʦ黪ʦ黪Ļԭĸףʱ򣬸վѩһߵԭϣңңգԽѩӣĸ׽ӵ
ĸ׺ϲܵܣ˵ܵ븸׳غȸ׻ҪӢܵܺϲңҵ֣ϣһϦڲԭı߼û˵ҪҳΪԭֵŮӣʱҲŵġ
ǣʦǲõģ紫ϵ䣬ӵõĸףעܵĳͷԣ죬սһףǱҪɱҺҵܵ˵ģɹؼʱ̣ܵܽƿԼ¡

뿪͢2

ԺĸҲûмЦݣֱһ죬ĸͻȻҽеߣ˵ҲˣҵˣҲû֧ˣԣҪʦи㡣
Ȼ粻ӵа飬ǣŮΪģֻ氮ܿŮ飬ԣһʦˣûаˣʦҲ޷Ȩ֧赸ġ
죬ĸǰһ裬֪ǲ裬裬ĸѾҲˣͬԺһ
ûãұס貽ĸ׺ܸˣ˵˵һܳΪʦһܰ黪ľ黪ظǿ
Ȼҵȴҵͬʱľ̽ԼؿڣľѪҺȻͨ죬ұĸ׵ʬ彫Ӵͷϡ
ʦһֻһ˾εȨ󲿷ʦὫʱãĸҲˣǣҿ˱ĸ׷ӡڰľеξ븸龰ɬЦĸ״￪Ļĸ״ŰɫɴȹһƬεƮŶơ
ʦĴѪҺĴУֻнһʦѪȫעҵ壬ҲܳΪʦʼ̳аľлŮ飬̳һһҹĸ׵Ѫĸ׵ĸ飬ĸ׵Ļ䣬ͨľÿһʱҾԼǻǷһĸס
Ȼҿʼͻ꣬黪ı߽磬һһ¶꣬Ϊһĸ˵һΪʦǣҴˣʼֻһ裬ֻͨ꣬Щ;ǣҰĪ
ֱһ죬ˣĸ׵ͣ꣬ѩԣ£ҹһҳΪʦˡ
ĸײͬǣҹ죬վĲԭϣվ黪Ķߡ˵ʦҵˡ۾þþþõٻʱߵҵǰͫҿԼ΢Цĸһ֦ͷϵӣ

뿪͢3

ͬ죬黪ϣޱȵ裬ҿֻܰĪ;Ͷ΢ЦҸգһ̣֪ʦڵ壬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô޷裬Ϊްްĵǲ԰׵ģûģ޷ͷųʦġ
ǣΪ֪˰֪ʲôһˣǣҳΪʦ˵ꡣ
ǵǣҵ֣ߵ˹ǵſڣҺȻףԭ黪ĸףǵȵۡ
˵ӽԺչ㣬һԶߣ벻
֣غǽ߱ڣ֪һȥһҶ뿪ǣǣҰ޷ˣԣҽַģͬһ߽ǣȻһȥҲûг
Ϊ楣ӴԺ󣬲Ȣӣ۾֪İңŮǵһ
ڶʼɣŮٶʩԶƣΪ˲ܵ˺ҴԺΪԺ˽磬Ը⣬ṳ̂ҵıԺһҲΪʲô̫ҹ޷صԭҹĽ̫ã޷ƽ⣬ԣ޷˺ҡ
ҵһμ̫ʱһ󣬲ʮ꣬۵׵ѾĮҹĻʺ󣬿ǳǶȴ㣬֪İģҲһᰮ㣬Ϊ̫֮ͬԨԴ
ҹһֱ˵Բ̫󣬾̫λûи飬ǣϾ̫ʱǸʮŮķޣ⹬Ψһˡֻϧ⣬ֱҹʱ̫Ծɲ֪
ҹҲǸ鼫ߵˣܲĶӣ
ΪʦûռģȴУǷǳǿռ룬㲻㣬ʹǿվñԾûܱ⡣
ǶǵҺ˵ĻŮ黪ôһͬʱѣһ黪ŮǣֻлŮԻ黪ҲֻлŮϳ˭ת

뿪͢4

գҹռָ֮ҿҿһڴǧʱպϻĵĲԭϣתһӤʶֹ㣬ųɫ
ҹ˵ôǻŮڲ֮Ĳԭھ֮黪
ûлֻǿӤһɲǣҵİľң⺢ӾǻŮ⺢һǻŮ
ͷң漴סҵ֣˵ΪʲôҵҪȥ߾㣬ռ˵Ů黪תע黪תӵǿ飬Ҳǧǰıٶݣϣ黪һͳ䡣
ΪĿģҽӵǣڽŮʱ豣ͰֻлŮܻ黪Ҳֻҹʵ֡
ĵʹͻȻףԭҽȫΪңİĸ黪
˵ǶѾµ˰ɡ
ûǻŮǿڲԭϵ꣬㡣
ǵǵĵһμôΪżȻȴ֪ĵһҾͿʼעˡ
һο۾峺յİƣҾ֪һܳΪһɫʦѾ˰һʼľġȴҵϣȻÿһλʦͻȻĳһر׽ҺҵĸףǶ뻨ǳ׽·뻨Ϭ
ǣҲʦ죬һ԰Ļˣ˵ҵʧ޷ǰһ׽ҵĻˡȻˣǣ֪Ժǰһ̣ԺĻȻȫˣΪһ׽ģҴˣ˵ӥڲԭදѣСͺһ
Ƕûһʦܹͬʱ׽ô飬ǵһ£ҲΩһһʱ㣬ԺﷴҹĻ
Ůڣֻܻ黪ͳһ䣬ҶԶ޷ӱܵΡ
ǵģĶӣ黪ǿˣԼռһ˲䣬϶һ黪ת

뿪͢5

ǣԵǷǣǣΪ黪ˣϧ䡣
ҵĻ޵ӣ˵ԲԲңԲ̫󣬶Բ̫̫ˣ֪ԭ˹¶ʹһ飬˵ãߣô·޴
µǸĶ䣬ʩԼҲܵ˺ԣڶûãˣҵĻ
ˣҵҲˣĸһʧȥ˳Ϊʦʸֻоȴĳ֣Ȼ󣬽̳ʦڴŮѡ
̫ѳֳ̫˹Ļʺ˾һߣеżȻӳ˱Ȼ
ʵ̫ᱣֳ£ҹռе֪Ȼ֪Ϊʲôʱֹ
˵ֻҿ̣ʲô̶ı䣬÷Ծɻᷢԣô̫󶼻ϰѳֳĵ·춨õ
ҺȻñ֪δȴ޷ı䣬ֺαȥ֪ȴЦˣ˵ռĶǷͳһδ֪˵ǿռʦҲռԼϢϢص˵ˣԣռҵֻ֪ҪѰʦȻѰԼĸоȥ˶飬ѰԼĸоҵң˵Ψһδ֪ԣϧ
Ϊһ仰ҲҪڹǣһɻԸʵ֣Ȼһ죬ԺİٻͻȻ뿪ʱ֪ҾҪˣǣŮת
㻽Ϊùã˵ģҴͬںܾǰҲйһӣΪ˲ĸ׵ı磬ɱӡ
ǳĸ׵ԣôٳΪŮңȻԽԽĸ飬۾ҿһŵģ˶̵İ飬㣬ΪŮֻظǰʹࡣ
ʵֺγ㡣
ǿģʲôˣұ˭ҹңϣܰڹ͢Ҿ֪ʲôݳǰվᰮ㣬ҲվΪ֮ˣģע㣬ôǽ赲֮䣬ҪٳǾѵңҲ֮һ

뿪͢6

⹬͢ǣҵֻʣˣʵڲ̽ƽǰֻأҹԼ˵ǻŮԶҲҪѣ˲ظʹ࣬αء
ԣҲžѵ㵱ʦתڹ͢ΣҪ㡣
ȻģҷĲԾ˵ԲԭھӪﳤģûôǶͻѣҲ鲻ԣ˸ģϸĹ۲ߵˡ¡Ȼע⵽ѩǸĸʱһģһŮ
ѩұԺģס߻ӵѾԽҹҲסƽʱֻ׽ܺ㣬̫ҪẦ㣬룬ܹ˺Ӧֻˡ
ǣҷ־ϲģô˵Ҳ˺㣬ʣµֻѩˡϲѩĵģҲʱ͵͵˿Ļϸ飬ǣ沢ûжҸˣĪӹô
ԾɲģҲɫһûΪӣһ濪ʼӽѩҳҵԺ棬ֱֻܿһ죬Уڹ԰һײԿǰοţ԰һˣϸ˾
ΪʲôѩԸ޸ɣΪʲôѩμӹᣬΪһܰˣĸ磬黪
͢Ů٣޷Ůԣɱֹ˵ĺӣͿ˲Ϊ֪ĲغĩѲµЩ԰Ϊѩ飬ѩڿ˵˵κ˵õǷѩȫƽʱˡҾģһϲģʱ㡣
غĩѱ紵ɢҲ֤ݣֻգҲСĵֻΪ˺㡣
ʱ͢ϣΪԼŮ빬д˷Ϻһ£䱻ǿѹ£̫ҲЭͬ빬Ϊ

뿪͢7

һں󹬵ĵλ͸ΣˣҲΣգҪ㱣סʺλӣԣҸؽ黭ڹ㣬Ϊʱж࣬㹻ʱ䱣㰲ȫˣǣִˣʱһ£Ϊ£峹ױҡ
Ϊֹ˶̥һ£̫黪Ȼ治˵ʲôȴռȸ䡢׻ķӡ黪ؼԿʦ֮裬ǣҵңϣԸ
ѲʦԾӵЩ飬Ϊ黪İΪҹԸҵͷӦˡȻμ֮ڵ齫ȫʧʧҲˣҲҵ
ӶӭȢΪҹΪʱ˴̻Դڸĺۼ
Ϊʣ㹻֧裬ǣ̫ǿҪǿ飬ⳬҵĸɣʵֲ֧ȥһͣ£ͻʧܣԺ󣬿ҲҲôõĻˡ
ʱתҿҪ֧Ųȥʱҿ㣬վоݶϣվھ߻ǰ֧裬ͻȻǰ֧裬Ϊ˲ΪŮϣǣǻŮ裬ֻУôǣ
ûжϣﱻע󲿷ġ룬Ӧþֻɡ
ٺ㻳ˣ־ܾ̫Ϊĺӣĵ黹Ƿˡ
̫ˣԭѩĹŮ࣬ѩŵĺ컨Ҳѩȥ͵ģ㹬ﱻѳĺ컨Ҳѩصġ룬һѿİ⣬Բݲ㡣ʱԸ㺢һ̫ìܣýᣬȿԶĺӣֿΪ̫ɵģȻ޻㡣
ΪѾ޷ˣ㽫ºλʧȥ˺ӣ̫Ҳֻܵû뵽Ụ㵽زĵ׼κ˼㡣

뿪͢8

ϣΪ˰ƽ̥һº̫һȥ˼ѩҳȥȰѩվ¯ջʣĲغ졣
ͻȻȥȥֱǵ꣬ϵӡ
˵֪һֱڻҲһֱң֪ŹңԽеĻ˵˳ʵһֱڶ¶ЩÿζµĲֻ࣬һ㣬ʱţʱ򲻷ţǴõĵɾûŵһء
Ȼˣ˵
ǶҲκ˺㣬ҲκҪ˺˼ߣѩǿµģ۾ҿĸ׵ĲݶԣٸԼһԥĻᣬ𵶴š
ѩôˣɱûκԩҡ
ûãܳӰһ裬ʱѾߣҺȻǸı뺦㣬ɷʱѾˣ̫ƫʱ
ǶҪȥȥ
ɱѩҲķԻҩ׽ģСҾ֪ЩԾˣЩɱˣΪ˱Լϰ߽ɸҩߣԣΪ˲ֹңԻ㡣
ǶӦã๼طƭ㣬ԣҪΪģֻһ飬۷κ£ǿػȥһҪȥֻлţϣ٣㻹Լİ˴һ磬ı

ξҪɢǰһ̣ҿһâкҽ£ͫվ棬Զȥҿͫķ˿΢΢ĵۣͬżӣĴ۳һӰͫЦɲš
ҹ

ľֱ˴ѩףݶңԶ͢ĵǷôˣ᲻ѣǲǺܹ¶ǲǡǲǡ
Ҫţ
ȻͻȻԼΪҪеĳ޶Ǩŭϣ֪ˡ

뿪͢9

뿪ݶҿʼĵķܣƴڶֱۣƴ˫ȣ·ֻƾűܣұڹǵʯϣ˺ѵķӿˣؼôҵȴغȫˣûкûҵֻʣΨһһ
ҪңҪߣ»ʧȥУ»ٲ
ǣˣͺעһ㣬ֻסҵ塣
ǡ
ǸǸȻ
С塭֣ʵ벻ͨΪʲô
ߣκ˵Ļᣬҵһȥ
ͻȻѣæִҲߣҪȥĵҪȥ
˭ֹͷңȥô
Ҿֱͷ£С壬ҾˣӴԺҲ뿪
㣬ǳ˿Ц⣬죬㲻Ҳߡ
ң˦ȥҪԼ߰ɣû˿Դ뿪ֻ
ת¾裬ĵȥȻ
ҴߵģȻһֹסҵĲҴվţû׷ңȴҵıӰ˵֪ͨģ⹬Ѿȥˣ࣬ĸǶɱ㣬
һԴһƬ죬ΣʶҡͷģڣỤңһỤҵġ
ߵ󣬾ѾڻˣԣҲŻסվǶо§סҵļ򣬽ͷҵĶߵ˵ǣ߰ɣҴزԭҴȥκȥĵطһ㣬ô
ʹؿڣ̧ͷһǽ֮ĵһӲﻬ䣬ֵͷָӲǷΣң׼ӵķΡ

ҪڵʱƫַſңĪǣǵֻܴ

뿪͢10

ŷε֣Ϧ£Žɫ͵ĹâĹâأ΢ЦĹâأ΢Цţбοʼ䡭
ұ뽫ȻҪߣôҲҪſġǣԾ˽ˣڷμĵһ̣סƣסεβˡ
ԭЩ˵ţܷſġ
ȻλǴҵˣȺͻȻҵǰﵶҵϿȻԼȴԭλãǣѪıϲҵķϣҵС
С壡ұסҲסҡ
ߣҵ֣ûЩˣæҵǿ̣ҳĵ෴ķȥ
æУһͷöιڵϣ漴ĳһŲ˽ŵףһ֧顣
˺öѪһ·ϵѪΪ˲ǵ¶ʹñԼ˿ڱѪԾûֹסѪ޷ֻʹǵûмᣬԽԽء
ҲΪʲôͻȻһŮҲûУֻһһ֪ðĺˣʾǾ˭˵ֻ֪֪Ҫҡ
ʱû˿Ѫɫ˿ñסǣкööѪ˿ӿʳ
ſ·磬þҴͨİڡ
ǣҲܴˣԼȥҵİȥκȥĵطߣ߰ɡ
ƣӲǽҵڣҡͷסֱ۲ţҲҪС壬һߣһӳȥ
ﻮһ˿ʹǣȴЦŵģǣ˵Ըһô
ҿŵͷԸⰡǰҳʱһһߣҲҪ㡣
ҲԼ޵ģҲԼôԣĨȥԼˮһ̧ȫѪǣҿ޵øˣ̵ˮҵҲһյۡ
üһǺ庢Ӱĺңް֪޵ģʱסЦݣϲЦݡ
˵꣬סҵݣĳֲͻȻɵɵЦͬһζЦʱһˬЦݡ
ϴνҿߣмûһֱڵڣ죬һҪ
ǰԵ
ͷҰްʱͻȻҵĴġۿ۾оסҵͷҪһûƿƾȡվֱƿ˴ۣҵͫ
Ȼ˿԰ף΢ĨԳЦ˵Լ˽ǣ˻۾ұˣûС
ͻȻץס
ǣ֪ŮӵĳжҪֻܸԼİŵ˵ĶôҪĶһҪúûţгһҪұûУ
קҵ֣ҡ
ſڣȴſڴ˽һƺߣѪ
ߣ
ңҡͷ
ߡ
Ҫ
һƣƽУرյǰһ̣ҿ軯УͦңͬսϵսǰöѸپۼΧġ
ǣҰ㣬ҪңҪǡ
Ȼرգ˺İĺС塪С塪
ϲ꣩


²

ҹ߱1

𴲣ʳָŷ֣ұ۵ĺɫģֻʣָľ룬ǰŸʱĽһָ롣
ѱĸʴòҲ̶ã·ʱ
Щӣ黪زᣬ߸֮գϡɼ
ݶϣϦĺɫѵĺ£Ѫһ޺ţԶԶȷȹѣ·մһŭɵĻľĶǣɷġ
ǰ𣬿ʼױʼź¡
˵ǲڣΨʣŮ
ִ˵ҵĺǧѪ;Ⱦɣңֽ黪;
ȻױŸ¡
ҾǶ˺죬ĴĿޣӲԻס˵۾
Ӱɹ£ɫ״߾ٹͷ
ƾүԩģδҪı̫Ҫıңƾү޹أｫҽ̫󣬷ƾүһ·
ҳ°ͣͻȻһǱװԳıˡ
˵ģǰոձ̫ȥı֮ǶүĳӣǴ˴ı֮һѱ̫Ѻ׼նƫʱִܳôû´ӦƵĳ͡
Ϊң˸赭д£ֱȥ̫󡣡
һ˲Ȼ̧ͷֱסҵ۾Ϊﳼã⹬Ωʣﻹģж⣡
ĬЦãֱԵŲǣǾã⹬Ұֻˣֻ̫ɱƵͷԲԣ
һԡ
ЦøˣҰ֪̫ɵңΪҵݣΪһ仰ҲãҲǿ㣬ԲŻԴ䱸ɭϵĹ͢ҾӣϧôĵͣǱԩһ
ι֪ʲôн߳࣬īߺô
̧ͷһ˿졣
ʾӳԶ˾䡣
΢ЦԵˣ˴ȥ̫󣡡
䣬ʮⴳŰΧ¶ȣ̧ͷɻؿҡ
վȹĵصͶ̫˵Ѿı¶ϲɫЦ۾һһͬıһն

ҹ߱2

ŮŮҲŹ㡪ҲŹ㡪
ŭĿȥϦһĨк죬ѸȥһƬڰա
˱˳ȥŭܧûڿռŵĹϿա
ҵȥЦݣ˱ߵķ򣬷һֱֱȻ䣬һýӰǣҵߣ·ѣͬƽӥǷչ·ʾﳤյס
޶˵ֱһ㣬ȸԾ
ѽ㻹֪ô
£Цűߡ
һ㶣һǣüòŵ˵ôô֪һ˰ɣ
һͷȥЦԽôˣʹȾķ糾ɣЦôÿôˬô˲ȥ˺
ǰ
ǸĶǵҹ黪һǧһ졭
ͻȻ䣬һŹⵯڹҹձը
ǣһ˲һ죬ӹⵯɢ
ҹ硣
ͬʱڻǺ󷽵СɽϣֱգƲɲǣǧ˷ŭ𰧺ţͬ˼ûڹ
ҲһҹųóڱվͷǳͻȻ˼˵ǧǰԤٶǵԺ
Ůˣ黪ʱԤԣģ
Ȼңû֪Ǻ󷽵СɽϾʲô£û֪Ů˭ھѣΪʱгûκˣǵâҡصˣң
ͫ˵Ů֮ԻʧأΪܵķŭʡʹѳܳܵĵߡ
и֪ľʱ飬޾
ͬڵңھ轫Ƴһ̣ԼųʹޣԼԵİûڣìʹɵһ˿ǵʱ򣬸֪֮ȥ
ֻйڷͣҼϢǰһɲҵ壬ֱ֮ʣֻ֮ŵ˲䣬Ĵɢ
·׵Ļ棬ȼͬʱҵڰա
֪˶ãẠ̊́ܶƺܳ
涣죬ͷһȦѳҷڵأͬ߳ĵ˿

ҹ߱3

ʧȥƣ˵ô
һЦʤŮӵòģǣĵ欣˫̶ĽͫЦ⣬·ħ䣬߹ۺһ
ڰվ޷˵ɼĹâȴ֣ӫ
ǣҾӫļԲЦңָ׵ӳŹĺâΪ֪ʲô˰Ŷ
㲻ֻˣ壬ֻ壬׵ض˵ġ˵
۾΢УЦݸȣ㲻ǣ񣬸ýŮˡָ΢ţԭȼͻȻٿңģ۳׵򣬡ľе黹ûȫصԽ죬һܰոס飬Щ껹û˺ˣһǧҵֵû
ҲҪü
üЦʯţʯˣҲҪҰô
һŵؿ
ȴţСˣںö˶˵ء
ô֪
ָָԼӣҵȻ֪Ϊ˾ѽ
һ˲ȻˣЩɱ̫ˣҲǡ
ü룬ǿӲҪô˵Ҳԣ̫ɱ׷ɱ;ȷʵҳġ
Ϊʲô̫ӣôģ
Цˣ˰ɣпƣֻ̫ϵ̫ɱ㣬Ѿл㣬Ϊ̫ɱ־ͻ飬ǣûϵұƾͼƣƵؾΪ˱㽫ƽ
ǳġ
ǣԽɫԽ飬Ҿǳ㣬Ůġһ֣ŴʵĹȻɢûĹǺɲ
㾿ʲôѵҲͳۣͬ黪𣿡ûĿңڵԿڡ
֣ҵ°ͣЦסҵ۾ô֮࣬Գ⣬ֻΪҪѣŮлҪ㡣
۾һԭֵ欣˵Ǿ仰ʱ̷ſ졣
֪便Ϊô
Ȼһĵƻҵ壬Цħһ㣬סҵġ
֪λΪʲôǿԼڹô

ҹ߱4

һ㱼ҵѪҺʣʶ
ʶ֮ǰϣӫ˵ҿԸ䣬֪͵һѡһԶҲܷڵѡ񡭡ǷǷԼ
Ů
վѲǰˡ
ҹұ۾Ǵǰļҵ帴գǣһһأεǰԼ
ʱƯڴϵκһңңκһȻﶼңû壬ԣؼɵľ顣
׽һȻȻ˿ֻ֮ŵ
ص֮ΪԾֻ֮ţȻγɣͬҲȻγһ㣬ֻҪȻľⲻƻֻ֮ԶС
ȻȻ֮鴴࣬Ǵǻۣȴǻѧ棬ļȥۿ༴ʱ̣ǰ
ĵĻᣬҲƻԭгȻֻ֮žʹ˹رգ޴ȥ
һУҷǳҿǲ鷳ôථϧȻ鲻ȥչˣƫƫҪȥЩ˽ࡣ
ǣ˼䣬ֻ֮Źصңȫ֮
ֱһ죬һ´ʵؼ
ȾҵֻҪֻ֮ٶȿҸʲôҶԸ⡣
Ҵû˺ȷ⻹ġ
ã˻Ӧֻ֮ȻֻȻľԴȥͰɣֻҪԸ⣬
ͣסҵҰԣǣҪֻ֮ٶȿֻȻӡе֮裬ûǰ֫壬޷赸ġ
ͣҳ쫷գԼȴ˵
Ȼˣɽ
ʮ죬վɽ¶ˣƾѩŮѩ궳÷粮η紵ʼ˿ѵģֻ׵ĳѩ׵¡
ôķ羰ɽϵվɽ

ҹ߱5

˵ʮ죬ܻظʦ˵Ұ£κκҵţǰּ˾䣬ˣ˼˼ͿԡʦЦˡ
ĥҪ״ʱǱ飬һɿϢؿȻĬʮͻȻˣˣ
һʶô֪ˣ
۾˿Ц⣺ܸо
оʲô
Ķ
ʲô
ˣȻ֪
Һһֻ֮ǱԼƻģƾʲôҪʰо֣Ҫҳͣʲôô
ңҪʲô
һᣬĸڻ˵Ҫ
Цת˻ãҸ㡣
Ҳģָڲݶ˵һҪͷ
Ҳ˲ݶãҸ㡣
ҲΪʲôұʲô׵ҵңǣ߶ʮһԱɷ洵۾۾Ҳң
أעǰ·Ҳעҵ۾ǰ㣬Цˣ㻹ҪҵʲôҶ㡣
ҳԾЦݣ·ҹǳ˳йâҲԼأЦݣ˵ȫҪˣֻҪЦҰɡ
һЦΣã춼Ц춼ҵ춼㿴ҵ۾ҵһжģֻҪϳ͡
ͻȻˣ˵㻹ںңֻƭҳͣ˽
ת뿪ȻʵȴסҵĽŲ˽£ס㡣
Ťͷ֣ҡ
Ҳ뿪ҵߣԸȫҵ˽ô
ʱͻȻֹˡ
ɽӭ֣Ҷ뻨ڷлĻͫ°ವӰ
ͻȻʼЩܹĵӳ顣
֪ӳ۾ңֻķ羰
ͻȻľ
ʦâЦңҪҪ
ҵһۣա
ԭεķ罥ɫɫ˿񣬷ҵ֫վڸ룬˫ǳſǣδȫ͵Ŀ޷۵ĹâմȾĹâ޴ɹ겻ٰŷŭǾգͻȻǧǹ⡣

ҹ߱6

Ȼҿʼתʼ赸ʼƶ衣
ڲҡΣƲ㱻ƿһڣâӻӿ룬ǧó˰ģзȥǣٴʣٴγֻ֮ٴεԿͬʱ忪ʼͣ֫ӣѡ˱˵ģȷ˵ǱŮ˵ģ
һжʱҽ߶ˣҳˣҲֻ֮ˣڣһжҵˡ
أҴ۾ؿԼµ٣ͫͫԼɼĹâǳ˸ڷҹĻҵѩŮҪʼˣΪҵƤҪ࣬ദôã֪ҵòԱеκ˶Ҫÿԣ۾ԼҵЦˡ
ιǲǺƯ
ЦҳϣǺƯԺô·˿
ΪʲôҲ
ΪǸƯŮˡ
ŮӡĥһᣬŮʲôôˣʲôѽ
黪
ŶָָԼҽʲôѽ
˼Ƭ̣δ˾ĻǣлŮô
Ůͷֻ֣͸һ˵ô
ͷһϲæǺãͽͽлŮˡ
á
ǣԺ㲻׼ٸ֡
á
۾ͷȫҵġ
á
Уң㲻׼ٶκЦ
ÿ̰ԡ
˹ҵıǣҿ۾εı飬΢ȴ˳硣
ʶסԼĿڣôˣ
üͷ֪ղЦʱͻȻֵֹģʲôôô
۱סĿڣȻЦԽĶģиоġ
ҲǺܶգ۾Ҳô

Ҳҵˣô
кԻԻﵹӳҵЦ죬𣬾ӨһƬܾԺҲ֪ʲôĴʱʣСաССʱ䣬Զһ˲䡱
ģԶһ˵ġ
ӯķɻůĴ硣
ңҵĶͷɻ䣬ǣĵ

ҹ߱7


ҴӻӫѲӰ
Լʯ⵶Ȼʯű
Сô
̧ͷģȷʵɡ
㣬ŮȻ㣡
㵵ؿңҾؿȻֳһâһ
ߣſմѪܣҶţɳ壬Űųա
ô£Ҿŵؿɡ
קҵ֣̫ˣھ뿪ʱʱˡ
أһġ
ˣɻ߿ǵʿ̫ĵʱͻȻѵģǣ廹ûָ޷ֿôˡ
Ϊʲôʲô
Ҳ룡Һʱ˶ŮˣǻŮɣ
סͷ
ǾͺˣǺȻϣ۾ҿŮѣɱ黪Զҽˣֻܾˡ
Ҿô
ϢȻקҵֳ黪黪
黪ǰӡԼֻ꣬лŮԻĺ黪ѡ
ǰһֱΪʲôôΪʲôҪԼȨŮ
񣬵ҳΪŮʱҿʼЩ顣
ֹ̫ģֻҪܳͿˡ
קҳоɨ˲䣬˽ʿ׳ԶڿʱʿӲԶֶ̧߳׷ɱ˸ֹĶ
ɱͣ¶
ɿܣٽǣ̫ġ
У˿̫ʺص
ɺЦǸղɱǵ˭
ͬ幫ӣֻǸᣬ̫ΪҪ˺ʺԲŻɳֹ
̫֪ҾǻŮˣֹסɵķǡ
ص黪ô
ǣ
ҵͷĬ˰ΣãҸȥ
ǿеһ˿ȻһۣӲûзſҵ֣Ҿֵ̫ʲôı
¶ĵһЦֱͦתĵ

ҹ߱8

̫˶ڱŮˣ˵Ыĳǵ
ӫһҾͽףʵһʼ˶ľ֣˵ӫľ֣ûз֣ҲԼ
űƿȺվ࣬Χɱ۵ķ
ˣǷֿ·ۺصңżһһŵѪζ
̤ĵɲǣ̫ҹϰ졣
û뵽ԭǵĻʺ󣬾ǧǰĻŮ
һۣת
ټ棬
ѾΧĴ룬һյأѹѹȺǰߣӰͬƵһâ͸Բ׵شۣ׵ؾġ
߽ߵֻһľ벻ǰ
һﲻľңǳͫ𾪡ʹϧ
ǻŮ
Ȼң˺
ͷ֣ңָⴥյɲǣҺ¡
ɵѾͷ㲻ûΪʲô뿪
ǰŬЦţǻŮҪػ黪ߣô뿪
̫վڵ˵ĸ̨ϣٵĿȸǸ֤֤ȷʵǻŮ֤ȷʵʸϳ黪
ȴûģĲΨһҪϧĶ
ǰ֮ǰҾҪ۾
̯ƣɫâܳģƬ̣һŭţĻ걻ҵĹâקش롣
Ѿֵ˿ΩһƣĽʿڴʱҡ˳
ҵĽ
İţ˴ÿһˣ
ˣץصģǸղڹ򹬳ʱȥĻǣһǣ⽫ʿ
ʦͻȴܿػܹ꣬ػģֻңŮһ
Ⱥ﷢һ̾ȴʹر۾
Ů
ǻŮ
Ⱥ˹ҵĽ£˿ͷ˺µ˷ڵء
ŮĹɣϢ㣡㣡
ŰңҾЩֻԼΪȨ̫ỻֽ³

ҹ߱9

ɳƷд󺰣˰ɣʺǻŮ黪˭ҷ͵ڷ͸һͳµ
Ⱥ̧ͷȥƳ̫̫Цǣһ䡣
ϻʺȷʵǻŮǷ黪ת⻹ûʺԼԼȷǰɣʺ󣿡ǣЦϬ罣
ɺ޺޵̫һߣϰɣֻƽϢⳡˣ
Ů黪
Ů黪
һ˸߹һ˵ĺŸڹϿգ·Ҳܱ𺳵ҵȴغһѾͷ
֪һֱס便ʲôô
ӫȰȻƮҵԺҲ֪ؿ֪أӫҵǸ׶ĵʵ

Ҫ֪һֱסò便ʲô𣿡
ϸң
Ȼǣһѡ񡣡
ʲôѡ񣿡
һԶҲܷڵѡǷǷԼ
ãѡҡ
ϲ̹ʣãҸ㣬Ǹǡ

Ϊ黪Զٲʢ򣬴黪һ֮˾ͽȥֱ߸꽫ҷٲ
˵ף㽫ԼǷɣվΪҡ
ҵǷʲôѡԶǲԭǸֻ֪ЦɵѾͷ
ûϵѲҪ𰸣Ϊ֪һҸȷԶ˭Ҳ޷ȡ
ԶԶǡ
չĳſ˫֡âɲǴҵ䣬̫һҫ˵Ĺԣ˱ס۾
ǣĹâֻʣţĬأûԵأϣԶȥضš
磬ӽ쿪ʼѾͷ뵱һˡ
Цţأ˫ۣҲؿңëµ˫̶ôˣô
ѾͷҪһܻܻˣһֶεĻŮˣɱܶˣᱻܶ˺ޡ

ҹ߱10

磬ӽ쿪ʼѾͷ뵱һˡ
Цţأ˫ۣҲؿңëµ˫̶ôˣô
ѾͷҪһܻܻˣһֶεĻŮˣɱܶˣᱻܶ˺ޡ
֣·еİľʧȥӵˮī֭ҵķ˿˿ƣɢɾк
ǰѾͷԣرԣѾͷ֪رԹޣԣѾͷô
ǰѩ׵ӡ
ˣͲᰮˣô
Ѱ𣬶׼Ŀڡ
ô
մĹâɲǣ
ô
ٶסͫӴؿһ˲䣬ꡱҵģ˺ѡ

ɾ𣬳ŭ˴ÿһѾȻǡ
Ĭĵڵʱգǵڿнţϸƣһֻӿ۵׵飬ͬһֻ˵ʨӡ
㡭ңΪͫ꣬ô
һ˿Ѫ£ؿڣ÷һ㣬Ѫӽڴӳİ¡
ЦˣŲأҸҪΪ㣬ҺΪ黪㲻黪㲻ȴ黪λӣֻɱ㣬λ黪
һϢâͫܧͬҵĵӰһܲҹ
кܶ˵ɶԣ˵ǶȥİľҵЦ۵һ̣Ц
ת߳ĵǰЦ⡣
ߵغûӲûлͷ˾㵵Ŀ⣬ʱײ죬һֱߣһֱߡ
磬ҲͷͷҲܸԼڵأ¿УҶľ⡭
Ұɡˣûаˡ
ѪɫУЦãԽ
Ϊɱûֹ̫ıȨλǣһϦ֮䣬ĵ𣬰ϼȫѺΡ
㱻ϳʱվڼѩ⾲һңֻ˷ĸʨæסȴڿɲǷſ֡
һûվľ˭һһ˦ҵ
㣬㾹ȻɱˣЫĳļˡ
˺ҵ·ץҵͷȴ֪޾㵭ػɱԼĺӣֱҺõ˶٣

ҹ߱11

ǰһңʮָ·ӥצסҵ·ЦҪҪҰ㺢ӵ껽㣿
һڷ˿
Ҳ㣡ˣҵš
ʧԼߣ޴ʧģ֪ΪΣȴ类󺣳ϴƽز˼顣
ߵߣ̾ҡҡͷһǧȻأѹ֣ô㡣
ҵϾ˶̫ıԶǡѪ顣
̫ǳǳЦţȻץסҵ°ͱֱס˵Ѫ飬ֺγǣߡ㲻Ѫ飬ǱȱıԶǡ
ҵ̫˵Щʲô
ֱסҵ۾شңҵĺóǶʵ߱㣬ɱô
Ц̫ôô
ҲЦˣ£ֻǣնҪѡ
ԣȫô
㻹ָǻ
ҲָǱǻ
Ŷۣƾ㣬һʮĻëѾͷ
Ц̹ȻǰƾңһӵлŮĻëѾͷԳκһΪ黪ĻëѾͷ
̫ס㣡
ҷǣңŮ㲻֪ôӫİɣ˵ʲôΪҵҽջʵӫͽǻŮ¸㣬԰ɣ
ɫȻɷףҵЦˣȻ˵ʲôıԶǣûӫ߲ز˵Ǳ˵ӣڱˣأ
㾿֪˶٣
̫֪٣
ӫģ
ҺЦؿ⻹ô̫Ҳ̫ǶˣװںԤԵ½ںЩ֪ԤԵ˷ɾ裬ΪֻջռʵϣȴѩҪңƵùùýɱȥȰ߸ң֪һΪ˻ҲһУùҲΪΪùõƵҳͳʱ̷䣬ӫһ˰ɣùѽ黹ңֻҪʧؾͻʧȥĿƾѳɻŮʱ˶ΪһΪ黪ʱӫ࣬סһҾͻΪھζ黪뿪͢ʱҲ׾ٵسװȷʵļıֻϧ

ҹ߱12

ϧʲôָҵҪһ㡣
ƫӲͷȼѪҺевмŭͳͳĵЦݣҿϧƲ߱Ͼӫģûһ޳ɣһϧʵöôԽѵ㲻֪ŮѺֻ黪һ飿ǰ꣬һɶ
һ⻰ʲô˼
һӱ˦֣˼ҵķ磬罺סǵĿ⣬·̶ܷ죺ҵ˼ǣͲ黪㲻ô飬һɱ
һ𾪵ң˭黪
üʣ̫ϣ˭أô
ҧгݣҲǣ
ƫǵأǻÿҵ飬ˣڣ㣬ңɱµĻһϸ˵黪ʱͿò׵Ľɽװ׹˰ɡ
һЦͷҲصתȥ̫δңҵıӰɭ䣺ĶһΪûκ˿ֹУʸ񣡡
ұȫĻֻϦһ磬ܣ磬˹ͷ
ߵ޹ʱ̫ҽ뿪ԽӹҩƿɴҩƿƿҩȻСͿھ˿ϣû˵Ƣ࣬ҽ˵ͻá
ſڴϣԸҵ˵ˣɴϣˡ
Դ˵ô
ؽľˣһıɺãԹظˣұôһʱûӦƤЦָָԼĴĳ𡣡
סûЦ۾˵Ժ󣬲׼ٰһƳˣסô
ðſڴϣһٵøҸɡ
һ˲˵ΪҲϲ
üһЦɲ֡
ûƵּ֣Һ¡
ʱľ󣿷ùȫҪ٣մȫ׼ڣÿ˶ͷæµҴһС˸൳ͷǣꡣ
ĹǣʹҲȥеҿûڵĹѲκֵĵطҲֻоڵĵطҸоһ˿ů˵ˣ˵ӵԡ
ɴֵ˵ҩĨ˿ô
ȴְ뿪Цػң˵ۣô
ػ˾䣺˵أ
ۣŤͷЦ
ҰһۣĲһᣬȻʣӲؿڵʱҲôҺȻסɫЦЦѾ۵ûиоˣľأ

ҹ߱13

ͣ¶ɴ˵ֱңǣӣɱô
ҵͷšƿǣĸҲʹƵ⡣
ңʺʲһ
ʣµҩùŮͿɣ£Ȼȥˡߡ
һסң׼ߣ
ſң
Ҳ׼ˣקҵ֡
Ȼͷ㾿֪ʲô֪ҵǲɱôãһش㣡ɱĿ֮ðľɱ
ô˵ֵȷˣ
ǵģˣ
ôҲҪƭôңĻ˿ʹ⡣
ҽ𿪣ûƭ㡣
˵ˣҲ㡣ӹﱻҽղŵҩƿϣƫͷŵ淢Ҳδңǰ洰ϵ֦Ӱ˵ǣĺɵ
ҳ˳ǣǶһŮˣȷҪô
Цҹܱ˽ʲôɵǣȫɵɵϣ
ұҲЦģֲǣǱ˵˱ӣһۣ۵ĵ⣺ɵǣô
ҲˣȰң
ҡͷӴսңȰ㡣
Ťͷ°ͣ㲻Ůӿô
԰ͽһΣ²ΪüЦطãõغ⣬ǣ۾Ҳˡ
ͷļС壬ѾԺҲˣֻұųҲųˣԣļֻΪˣϢһ£Ϊ˿ޡ
һۣҲңǾϢɣʲôʱ
ǣұ۾Цˡ
黪һǧһҹŮѣ߱Ȼδµۡ
۹ͻȻĳִ̫ٹ𾪣屩һʱ䣬黪
ҹû֪жⳡ֮£ܿģֻʳʬѻǧԩӶɵĺƣǵأǡ
ܿȥ֮˵꣬ŷŭԹ޳֮У֪ѰңѰѾȥǷԸԹݼǲսǣǲܶģԣҴֻ֮ţؽߡ
Ⱥ˰ǰ͸͸Ǿ
밧ţЦˣԭҲܽĳݵֵزʲô棬ЩĶǣԺٲҪ
黪һǧһҹɳȻϯǣǱʩħ㣬ɳڹϿգÿ˵˫ۣɻطȴδܶӰ졣
ȻɳͻȻȥҲͻȻɳʧͻȻһȫʧ٣ʬͻȻɻҽ
̫ŭһȥȰңҹ;һ๬Ů֤Ҳãֻܶʩѹ˵ѱ̣߽ʬҹ涨𻯣һͬ۴
̫ĵֿӫͷɳһͻȻȥҲͻȻˣʱбңҵĿ⣬δһ˿ݣЦԽſ˽̬һŶ֭ڣѤĿɷĻꡣ

1

Ȼ
ôݶҶΣŲݶΣҵҲȻѣͬʢڼį֮صѪɫ軨ʮңһ£ӵеģȫŮĽò塣
˵ǲڣΨʣŮ
ִ˵ҵĺǧѪȾɣңֽ黪;
̶̫꣬׵ĳҰñѹסһһͼ췴죬һͷͷ­߹ڳ֮ʱ̫ҰĲŮˣԸ黪ģ
黪ǺģǣǸҡ
ɱľ黪壬黪ʼûеƣĮ̫ıĮǵİѪȷ֧顣
ղŵǸ˭ָģȻǷűϳȥǸˡ
ҡҡͷ赭д˵ʶ
һۣƭˡ
Цˣǻˣƭһûʲôֵġ
˹ǣδԣĿ𴦣𴦣ҿı𴦡
ʵҺֹĮ̫ıȷе˵ΪŰͬҶǸ顣
̫󣬺òల꣬꣬æѹϾ˼ңΪ£ҸΪһİ˶ȥ
˼緭ײǽɲͻȻֱϣǵķǵ£һ˲ȫϷ裬˴Ҫ·˺ѡ
գɾ˲١ΣͻȻһ䡣
֪⣬صǵģ͹ˡ
ɫһͣüҵ֡
ЦЦôˣ
Ŀƿ¶˿ʹ⣺ںô
ͷգգ۾˵ںô
ںȻ㲻ôϧԼ
ҹⲻϧԼֻǣȥԩʵ̫࣬ǻգҲ裬ֻ֮޷
ǣÿһͻᶯô飬ÿһ飬ڵͻҸұϵĺɫ֣ǰͬǧɫϣָָ⿪ʼ黪Ķɢһһҵ࣬ҵļֻʣָ롣

2

֪ǻᣬǷˣ콫ԼѰпķҲΪˣҲžȵط֣ԭԼôξӲ֪ÿＸıʼ
ҪҵģΪҹˣ˵ʲôҪ㣬ʼգһֱڱ˶ֻһ鶼跭ʱ˫ۿնҺ£ǣҺöʼĺöʼɡ
ֻһεǷǰҺ;ݶֵʱǵЦڽһΪѰҽķǻĳ󲻳ΪÿһҪʱʹסҵĺ
պʣ񱻴ˮϴһ㣬ûƣûз磬ûûлꡣҾѵҹ𣬻δ¹һ꣬һƬ궼δƮ
СʱǣҵǰҲǰһԹԸԺ󣬡λã
ͷңǺЦôˣ᲻ߣ
εؿëͲܸĸô
ааǣܰԼԲԵëĵôסץŰѱȻսңܰɣ϶ܡ
˰ɣƿϴСˣô
ЦЦųҲֻôˡ
ͻȻ˼ģʱûڹϡǵõһ뿪ǰ̫ĻסңͱǸȻָңһ仰ע˰е̫ٲܶ
ȻӲԼȥʲô֪߱黪涼ΪңÿλöϣŹֵĶƯ󣬺ϡУһҵ䣬ʹϡеĶҲ̼仯˻ҽ
ԣĲϣˣҺټÿλԼŬʱʹʧı飬ҹҹݶϣƷŷ͢һҹһҹĹ¼İ
ζɣϦˣһհɡ
ڳ£ȥЬӣýĴˮңԴЦ˵ã
һ㶣ôˬѽĪթ
㲻ң
ĸҡ
ȷʵš
ͷеƵؽʯӶ֪ˣһһŲôЦˣֻôͻȻˣǰȥҴҵġ

3

ΪûҪˣ˵ֱףתסң㲻ô
¶ԻܾλЩԾ˵ﲻԾ
Ҫȥĸ󡣡
΢һ죬ԵͷȷʵȥϾĸ󡣡
Цң֪Ϊʲôȥô
˻Ϊܾλô
ǡ
˵ÿУЦЦؿΪ㷴Ӧңô㲻ϣҾܾλô
ұһЦֻ룬㵱ǲ黪ʢֻ֡
㲻ҵǳȷŵؿҡ
ƫ˵أ
ͻȻüڰԵһһض˵㡢ᣡ
ɭסеЦ⣬ҶĲΣƸûע⵽ҵĿ⣬俴ǰĳ۵ӳʱʱҿ۵׾ʲôĸ顣
ãᳶ˳½ǣˣ
ҡ
ҵͷЦѣαô⡣
תסңæװί۵һ˹ǣͳǰ㡣
ɻؿ˾һۣϸϸĶںϵİɫԵͼڣƼܾ죬һᣬͻȻǾȵغ˳ѽô壿
赭˴һܣӮġ
Ŀ黪壬ʯӵлˮ£ôĶǴһܾŪģ
㡭
һᵱȻңĿƵҵϣôϣҵĻһᵱ
֣ժֵףϰĺɫŻҾŵҪܿûãǸؽҵģ˵ǣǣӦңҪ
ס˧عŴǣ˿߰˿ˡ
Ҫ
ϵҵϣ£ŹâӳͫǣͫͫңȴֻһʵĵӰ

4

һ죬ϵĺ߽ȥȫȻӰ壬ӵлˮ£ܸݼҪóҪĻþԣҵֱǰİ𪣬·ӲϷһ㡣
Ұǰ֣ЦˣӰ㿪ĵЦˡ
һǰ죬Ҳߣʹ뿪̫֮ͻȻҡ
򱾹Ҫָų棬ȦȦοԭƽ׾˲
̫Це
̫ͣסĶͷϬЦؿңҴ˫ǵЦݣ˿
˵ҪĲֻ̫࣬һһңˮ
΢üͷ̧ۣ̫ЦظңûҪǿս
ϹôҶʡ
ٿңͽԵĲ軨ǰϹǲǣеʼʩǡ
ָ֪⣬δɫһǧǰͳ黪ͳսԣۣͻȻϹҲȻΪ֪黪һ¡
ֱ̫˵ɣóǶЩʲô
ЦŻ㣬ְر˫ˮȻǲܸģҪ黪Ҳһظɱﻹ򣬳Ƕô֪ʲôưɡ
ҵ˵黪
ЦŨ
ֵ룬Ͼ赱黪
۾бסҡ
Ѿ󶼱𣬾ûҲϾ赱黪
Щ죬ϦĻᣬѶĺӹŮϵˮףеأˮڻϣ۾ˡ
һɣ̧ۿ
ЦᣬɲǱԼϱ˵ϻĲԭ̫ǰ
ְ£˵ķˡ
õϢȴϻľѲǰЩǰˣǺİԼöڹﲻˣǵĹϵǰŰô
˵ǱѪԵ֮ףϵûʲôֵġ
ŶѪԵôûǴĻӺܾǰʼҽɣϧΪЦңҪȥ
Ұ̾һ״ѹüǰΪ̫ɱǸʹء
ңģƻ顣
ЦЦǰ̫ġѪ顯Ƕѧѽ

5

ŭ֪սɳǲǻЦ˲á
ҵ̫⣿
ûǴ黪ͼĻϻĺͼ֮ɣֳս֪ʱһ֮赲ʤ㣿
ľЦݺ¡
Це˵Īֱչ飬㣬·Ԯء
̫ڱϾΪһĮȻֱס̫µճȭָģʹȻ
̫Ų軨ڻḧҪô˵Ҳԣʵֻһ飬ϵԽԽأԭỨľⷬһƬһƬ£Ƕ㣬ǲܶߵˣֻҪԸ⣬㣬أܣ
ץ֣˦ҵӣССĻ꣬ͬĵᣬ׷ɣƮ䣬Ϸ糾
ƭͱϾ̫ˡ
̫תȹѣߵغòѡ
ϵۣǰµģҿıӰ֣һۡ
ıʼǣ
գ飬ֲϣţϻĲԱ󣡡
üǱۣ漴ֿڶ౾ɫдš֣ۡ
ɻҽ·
ȻǱݺݾһ£סһƬȻ
΢˽ڼ䣬һΪ죬ò

һҹķңδ˯ʱͷŰʱѹ磬ԼۣһϮ齣ȹкأѪˮңѪˮм䡣
˵̸̫ҹ
˵ߺ̫ŭɱŮ
̫Ѩ躢ӰЦݣǸһƵ֣
Ůзڰϡ
Ϧսѷǻʺ󣬿ɳڻŮݣҰԲҵÿÿռСգټŮ춼ϸƷʾ⡣

6

ҿ˰ΣذָһŮ㣬
ǹŮһͣǰŮкηԸ
ŮҺЦؿҿ΢ţͷ͵ظˣҵ⵱ˣ
ػŮá
Ƕá
Լʮա
ǵ㣿
ū澱΢ûŮǵá
ЦˣסĽУʲô
һ㶣æĹ񡣡
бԣֽӹУش򿪣ѽǺǣ
飬ƤƵعŪţ⺣ͨ͸ͬ˹Ⲩĺˮǳã˵ΰٶ߼ɰٶ֣룬̶գ黪棬һΪ壬һΪ飬治֪ĵĺøЦǹŮû˸߹ô㲻飿
Ů¶Ի󣬲˵ʲô
ҵ⵱ģû˻ẰһŮʮգ
Ůɫɷףؿܴ
ҰѺ鶪һߣӻ֣ȥɣ»أҸ˹
ˣˣ񡭡
СⴳǹŮʱ˲ͷԼ߹ɻ
˭ѽ
ĹŮѽϺ
Сæװ߹ţģūû
ҵЦ˵ʲô˵ȥ
С㣬Ż񣺡Ŷū澽ȥĵ˵˼˲õ顣
СָЩ֬ϸϸĨڴϣ԰ײ٣̺죺˵ص㡣
ūѽ
űͻȻ߿ǰ죬ͬһ㣬Сһһû˵ȥ
Ťͷվſڣȭͷɢڷ磬һ˫ŭȼյ۾
ߣһǰС
С塭ҷѱҴ󲽲š
Сס
˭Ҹ
һŭŵعŮȫأСҲɵסˣԭزǰ
һ˭Ҳ׼ƣ豧ҷУһʱܵǰ롣
С壬㡭
Ҫ뿪뿪ǿȥܶطûйǣûλûмҹû£

7

һأܵҺһֹס󺰵ǲߣô죡Ҫǣ
˭ô죿˭ҪǣǸһҵŮˣǡŤͷݶסҵ۾
Ǳ׻Уæʲô֪ʲô
˵û֪ŮټĺΪСˣ¶˵ĹâǣôΪ˱ô
Ҿ
Σڽţ§סͷߣ糪ͯҥ˵ˣѾˣұ
оҵĻ･£ǰģʧ
С壬ôǷѿ͸һУ
ס۾
ٵȼôһһԸԸˣҾ뿪
ҶЦͼЦݣȼĹâ
û뿪۾ҲûҵЦ
ȥС˵˺ܶ࣬˵ͻȻȻĴţĻ̻̣ĸ̫ΪƽģٻΪ黪ɷǵߴλΪӣ̳߱ңֻѡ
ͻȻǿź龿ΪζͻȻףΪΣ˼
ʵʱ뿪ģǣλĸףˣĵû˿
ǣߣʹô޷ܣҲߣΪҡ
ӭųܴĵǰͬ͢յĺˣǧ˺ںԵ崣Ҫ˺һ㣬ڰա

һʹȫ
ƲͽһƬҰ˼䣬ЯſҶҳĴߵϣ͢룬ֱǾ׳˿֮ˣб˵ᶨη
ϳºαز
̫վĵǰЦ
ﳼƣ۱ıＰ壬̫ʵ䣡
˫ֳŵأͷؿڵϡ

Եڿȥǰȴһڵŭ⣺ֳı㶨Ӳ˸ϵ̫

8

껹ûüΪԼ⣬ͷѱ߰ڵϡ
ϳǰδܻŻȥ֪̫黪֮ߣʹӻҲ޴ʸλ̫˼
һȫȻ
˽֪̫˴ټΪ˸ǻ룬ǵᣬӵΪԼĶıһ·һʼ͸̫һʾӵΪ
ڳ۷׷ףʱʱ͵̫䷴Ӧ̫ʱЦȫޣȫɱ⡣
ͻȻӲ
ﰡС𯲻üҶߵ
ЦЦģġ
Сʣʲôģ
ҵҸ嵨ġ
֪ιʦ̫֮ûжֻ̫쳣δɱʱ
ǣʱ䣬ҵˡ
ÿɴᣣ䣬壬ֺƣڳֹסĿͶˣҡ
ѩɴһױͬһȼһƬѩĿ⾪ģȹ߳ΣȹڳҷڵأһƬѪӣôŵ
͢һƬžͬҵĺʱա
ҿ˳ԴĿ߹ߣ̫΢΢ݣŮ̫󡣡
ŮǻŮȺ̾ıʹؼҡ
̧ͷЦɨڳÿһˣǽȻЦȣ̫أǶ
޶ݣ˫۶ǰﳼ򲻸Ҿӹ԰
üתŶӯӯݡ
˽ԾȵŴ죬ԼҲѳֲסһ㵵ؿңҴЦøպ˵Ůү
ҹ磬ƽ
վలµϯ֮һ˽ЦЦ·ѽ֮øɾ˽£ÿ˶ͬ⣬ŮͶʲôϵΪΣŮݣ
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ⳡҹ磬˵ǸϴʵϾصظ谲ŵѡ磬ǧǵüЦɬ񣬴ȴһһʱˣɾأֻҹ翪ʼ֮һ˲ƫ˦˾䡰ûȤҡڵֱ߳ڶûǧأ̫ŭʵҹ˲Ӱ

9

趨ǻ޹ˣһᣬͽһ°ӰҲ˳ȥһת
Ӱߣȴڳرͣ˲ҿΣһµʯͷӽģһαһأҲˮɽȾȹ
Ҷ㣡Ҷ㣡㣡
һΪҲǧ֮壬ɾֹȫȻûǧţҰĺܡ
ӵ̫棬ߵδע⣬Ц˵ԼǾôƽӣ
ѽŵòᣬȻתſòףüһ˫۾·˵ƵģһͻȻɶ⡣
۾ҲС
ŮһȻָסңƵĽеŮ
ƽ飬ͷ¶һЦǰǻŮҲˣ㲻³
˼ذͷ£˫ַʣ͵ҹô
ͷǰһȺʵˣŻڣԼʧԣæסηصҡ
ǿЦ⣬תСһ߰ɣɲһ˲ֵģҲᡣ
Цرߣã
ʲô֣
ū
ūૣ֣ž޹ȥ¶ô
ŶʯӣǶ׼˳ĵ¡
ͷҡҡͷҲ¡
Ҿü£Ϊʲô
Ϊ´Բ̧ͷƵӯ£ңԲ
ҿԼ۾ԣԭԥĲŻ쳣ᶨ
Դ͸żᶨһ˿¶ʹ⣬ǻδ͸ı飬ںܶǰȥڲԭʱ򣬶Ҳ¶ı顣
ÿԲĸ׶վڼǰɽϣڴĸܹ֣ÿһΣʧĻϣصȴһԲЦǣûԸĵһԲ֮գĸˡ
ž֣żг¹ʱʱ֣кϣİ׷࣬ҵĺ죬Ⱦ˲ҹɫһƬ
ҼͰԼȫ˵˳˼Ϥû
ˣŮ뿪ôȻͷңŹâ
ҵΪҪ뿪
㲻ﵽ𣿡
ס߾ͺá

10

סߣؿܣŲҪסߣܾˣҲǰһֻ֪ʵЦ
һ̧ͷʱٶȱڣֻܿһ׵Ӱվǰ
Ұɣ˵ĻҸһӦġ
ҵЦΣá
꣡ū˵ؽкЦ̫˷ûעŵףѽһȥҪӴ棬ֱһֻ͵سס˱ϵԵӰ
˼Ƭ̣ߵӰߣ˾˱Ƕƣ¶»Ӱһ㶣λ񣬵֣С壿
Ǿ裬̱ڵϣĿǷϣ࣬մſҶԣһҾơ
ūſ䣬ղžˣӦþǾ裬ūֱĿʱʹɵס
ûб飬Ҳûվߣץסūıۣһ˳ȥ
ӴūŻ񣬶̶̰ʱΣɲŭ𣿵ǶҪҪӾӣ
δƺףƹС
ιӰ˵ûУū˫ֲŭڣɾûƵĳھĪתȣҽſž裬ȻΡĻȫؿڡ
һѽľƺǸģҰѾƵԼУֻδü̧ѱֹסҽס˶žŵؿ˵׼ȣ
Ҳƣƴﳶߺܲס
ͳܵסˣ
¾ƺĺӰ㣬ƫͷ͡
ǣһʧȥô
ЦųȥϵĿҶˣعô
ǣҲʧȥ㡣
סҵ۾ָҵգȻסҵļҺһʹ⣬ҡ뽫ҡѣС壬ˣ
ǣڱң㿴ôڱң
֪˵̫æС壬֪ܡ
ΪʲôҪ޶ԣΪʲô뿪ΪʲôҪһδεؾܾңعסңңǣ챻Ƶǡ㻹޶ô
סãȻصͷ
ǣںô

ûУһûС
ԴǵЦ⣬¹²԰ֽ

11

ûʧأʹǰЩ뿪ʱҲû㺧˹ģ˵£˵ʹģʲôǣô
С壬֪ҼЩʲôһһжôֵá
ԣҪΪǷϣҪΪҾɥô
һݲĶκβ̵飬Щ£ң
С壬ǻعǻعô뵣ìܡʹࡢʧЩҸȥĶͳͳ˺۵ס
ҪҲҪҲҪعҲҪȥȻſңȴҡͷ˫ס¡
æסãǲعȥ㣬㡣
ô
ס۾
һ飺ô
ҡ
˽ôȻܳɭ
ƫͷֵӰһߴӰпͣҿһǰһǣر¶¹֮¡
䣬û뵽ĺϷĵع˹ǡ
Űװθߴ󣬸ǴС֮ˣϳǰ﻽꣬ҾȴԭüŬڼ﷭йĻ䣬ȴͬɭ˵֣ľ
ľһ۾ˣѹֻô죬ԭǰѼʱ͵ڿջһ֮˾ľ
ĪǣľǶĴӣ
ӣαضôأͲʼʩһɱˣȻҸѰôؿң˫΢У۵׸ɱ⡣
һգٻʱѳľǰȭͷһȭ
С塪
Ҿȴľڵϣһ˿ѪƫƵţܣΪһΪһһ𣿡
裬նʧ˿أһȭһŤһš
ļ٣ҪǰѾūȴһסȥ
ҲؿΪʲô
ЦЦûô
ʲô
ڷйž裬Ŀ¶Ϊ㷢й

ĺ1

һοǷʹ࣬ӥԼĳԼգûκסԶܾ
ԣһֱԼǴӺʱʼʼʧˣΪǺƣǷԶǰŬšԵšˬʵЦţ
ټֻһյƵĵơ
ϣὫ£΢Ƶıҳϣּּ
Ƿȴձϸ壬ͬˣӵǿǵģº͵ȴܷ㡣
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ҵЦţૣڶ˵ڶԼ
ű֧ƿҹϮŤͷһ屿Ӱηȴڿҵɲǣ˫Ŀſڡ
үˡ
ƻߣϣСķŻܡ
үһ⣬ЦеǰһǵģŮūһ΢ˡ
ҾҲС𣚣ʾȻȥСδߣȴ۵ǵؿңЦЦһ˲ǽŹϡ
֪Ů΢£ү̽ҡ
΢Ц°ָָϵĺ飺үһ˲õĶյزء
үæŮģ˺΢ϴ£͵ѹãﾡȥ˵л
΢ȣͷ󴦵壬ĵ׸ģ뷨ɵҪȥʱƫֲӰŤͷүҲ۾ȵĿҵ壬Ŀɲæͷ¡
ü˵̫Ҳȥһ񣿡
ү֧һͷ͵ظ͡
ߣǰòݾܾĿ̧ͷң
үסŰͷ̧𣬴￴˿˿֣Цˣսֱס۾˵Ҳ²£̫ȥʲô񣿡
Ů
һۡ
΢
дţ΢˽ڼ䣬һΪ죬ò
΢ֻǡ

ĺ2

ү֪Ϊʲô֪۵ôΪ̫԰۸ҿѽͷ¶ûһ˿覴õĵЦݣÿϧƨûĶԣһأү
˴үһͷĵ˵ϣұЦ˵ϴഫıôصĶ㵱͸ôǣֻѺķ⣬ʵʱĳǰĳңҳģԴﵽ㵱үĿأ
֪źԲ򵥣ǵʶǸŮźĻҵһȻĳձ˵žʾ˵˻үŮΪ󣬺þҳʧģ͸̫Ƿۣ̫ҵĻɣһ⹬Ǳٹκв
һֻϼ޻ĺ꣬ĵ
ֻϧ֪ѳԹһιŮĿԵ޹ڹ˺컨һһǣ񣬶ڽҹжҶһһӣŮͻȻףҲɣ
ЩͻȻסӷһֱĹͲĻүүһƫͷңû˷ŵľ޴룬ԺЦ⣬侲ǳ
ı飬ڰķӭһҰĲƵġ
үصá
һ˲̫
ߣ֪̫ҸüͷһֵݼҶƭ̫ˣһ죬ῴٰģʱᵱүˣ£ĺͷѱ
үĬ𣬵ֱҰΣߣǳЦŪҵĺ飬Ƭ̣տڣȴǶҵ΢̫
ͣϵĶбһЦĿ΢УֱӴ΢αؽѰ΢һۣ
ü뵽Ͻ֪Ҫʲô赭дأҵŮаū԰ɣ
үһǡ
ҹ磬Ҵȥ˾衣
һү¶ϲɫæл

ﾡܷԸ
Ҫ֪ȫ£һ䶢סһһǱǼٵģ˵ÿһÿһ֣Ǳ˻ѱġ

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֪΢ɷһ⣿
ʡ
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ҵݶѣ֮˵
үЦЦ̫󶼲ϹݣȴΩ˶̫ۣǺʲô
һۣЦҵɫԴؼ˾䣺ǳˣк֮ģὫϾ˶ᱻͳͺñȣͳһ
糯ʼۣүһŷϣ۸ĳĻڴңݸš
˽ֻ֪жĴӵɫۣһǰɽ߸Уֵûɵľǰոı֮ǣĶ˽˵ǶΪģۣöҡȨ˻ı
ĳǸɲ⣬ΪӪÿһŵôһ˵æڽ黪ڰԨǣҲں
ͣͣҪ˰ȻͽгԹŮǿЦ⣬ﾢõ͵Ц
һŷԼ֣֪ʱھ˿ϣղŻΪĨҩš
һ£дǵʲôãԼҪ˴ţ
ĿϷңҩôҩԼȻ㡭
ҲһƿҩףŴҺʱһˣ
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ʲô
ڷҩ̫ҽ˵ܲǧ֩ͶЫʺɵģøǡҺЦؿ
ˣҵȷЩǴܴôôܾãҺʱҴġ
пգһڣ㣡
ҩζ޷ʱ̣һ׽һףҲɫԽԽѿ°ƿҩͽˣҰҩƿһӣʹഷأͲû°ĭǱЦԽ
תŪҩƿĥŽҪôЦңǣжûֹˡ
һײȵĿУӦãþúþ˰ɡ

ĺ4

ȥǸϦǾûôɵشֹˣȻżԻЦɱϾ˴֮䷢̫飬Щǵ̫ңԶ̫İˡ
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ҰһۣЦȻǸִˡ
Ȼüô˵Խҡ
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һӷӦûͷԵػǵþͲǵãң
һ£Ҽǵú
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ˣңҺһļ
æ㿪صͳɹˣҾȥŮˡ
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ǰҰ̫ˣһҲҾķ񡣡ǣһгģ
װмķ񣿰Եķ񣿡
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С壡С壡Һ޺޵צҪƿ⾹鵽ҩƿԾ̶һУһ
𣬼ˣ
ӵؿҩƿշһ£ҩ󡭡
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Ҫ
һ˸ӡ
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ǰ·Բ֪ʱһֵӰĿЦУҵķ΢΢ס
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ĺ5

صݾӣСͷ󺹵س˵ȥĶˣū澺ң̫մȥأ
üҹȥĪղҪ˵£
Ҵҵ֪̫ٵĲֻңĶˣ衢ľ
ˣɡָָ̫ߡ
΢Цɨӣƫڶ¡
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ɫһ죬漴ڸһƬš
ΪλҵϣĪǣŮվһߣԣβŸֱ׳ط̫衣
˶ͬ۹⿴ңʵ⣬Ҳܴ²µΩ裬ңһԲ
δ¶ɫ¶ľʢŭٿ̫ɱ⣬ɱⲻǶ׼ңǶ׼˶
ЧյЦŽµزػڡ
һ޾ο黪λ꣬ļ٣ʽλһԲߡ
Це˿ڲ裬ȴ͵͵ң޹գգۣһͲû˿ˮҷģűɫ̫ǰɫʧ̬òһѶԸˡ
ȣ̫ȣ
һæص΢ƾ̫ǲ̫˵ǣ
̫õһۣûԣãһۣ黪λɡ
΢ͬ⣡
һͺĻ
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΢Ǿ仰黪֮飬⣬ص̫ͣʹ޵Ļȫ˵˳
Ҳ黪Ȼǣˣͨá
үӲıɱ̫̫ȱŲ壬ôߣ˰ɣЦд̡
ʹһ΢һսϼ˱Ļ˻̫࣬Ҫ΢һҵ΢ȻܾҪ΢Ӧµ΢Ӧ
㡭
үүҶΪĶ黪αش󶯸λ˺
ҺЦؿ浱˺ϣŭĿԲ˭Ҳ˭˴˽ŵĿǷ˴̶
ֵ̫Ŷǣ΢΢ҿ⣬˵ǣ˼Ǻأ

ĺ6

̫΢Ӧõ黪ת֡
Ѿ꣬äĿȥǰˣհ˰¶ǣʵ̾˿
æͣβ֪ĸ˹⴫ԾĴţĻ̻̣ԽðӦΪۣȶٵ黪Ҳ١
ͷǺǣǺǡ
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װûϵˣ˼˿˿Σܲʾǵ˭ɣɲʣûм̳λʸ
תȥ̫ľ˵ģҲںҷ̫﾿Щʲôôˣδ̬֪費ȢŮӣҲʹЭһ޾Ļ⣬ѵô򵥣
ǾҵĿ⣬̫ŤͷңĿƿü΢ҡҡͷһ¾λү𼤶ȷʵҪµֻۣ²ߡ
ͬʣΪϲߣ
λ˵ǷֻϷԣɱΪİȥ̽£֡˶٣ҵ˫ЦŨ֣ЩԾϻġ
ѵϺıʶ
ܣ
Լʧˣ̫ô˵أϺǻŮĸ磬˭ıֲѽ΢̾ûεҥԣ黪ʱ޾ҲǿԵģϾˣ黪һֱ˳ôԣ룬ףǵðѡҥԲźá
ǰȷʵˣŮ겻ǵǧ˵潫߱ɱô
̫ҡͷֻһ仰Ѩ磬δ򡣡
ĥһ˲̫˼ǡ
̫ЦЦ˼ǣȥѲҥɢߣϻģ˵ڼðҥ£ץסˣһɾ͵ҲûһףŮ˵ɺúǣ
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̫ûϵһӦˬ죬һʱ¶Ի˸ˣô
Ǿɢɡ
΢ˡ
ҲųȥһֱĬľ边ͻȻվһ̫ǰлҪ˵
̫ɻؿһۣҲع˧ҹ˹ǣҡ


ĺ7

ţľ޿̣ٽҪɱңŮΪҪҸȴûƵģϥڴȰʯͷ¡
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ҰͷϥУŵ治Ӧ
ѲٶԣҰ̣̾һľ뿪ˣҲˣƬͥԺȻյģյֻʣ̫ЦԺϻص
һ̫󷽲ŵĻ⣬ҾͿʼҲȥԼʱ˶־ǰôνЦҷر۾
֪̫˵ЩʲôһƾʲôľôţƽеĻ⣬֧һƿ̫ʹ洫˳
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Ҷ˰Σվǣס֣һЦôҪ㵣ˣ
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農ؿңЦξ˫ůɫʣƺֶ˿ʶʹ⡣
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סңĿȵĻţǣΪʲôҪŮ붫ĹϵΪʲôҪŮɱ֪ΨһһҵǻˣΪʲôҪô
һҺö⣬ÿһһ״
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ĺʼǣң㾿Щʲô
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Ϊô

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ĺ8

ĺʼǣң㾿Щʲô
һʲôҲû롣
Ϊô

Ҫô

̧ͷͿսɺ죬ĿһȻһʹС壬Ǻ«
ЦЦ򡣡
С壬ǲǲҪʲô㶼ҡ
ҵ۾˦˦ͷѣ˦
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С塭
˵ҪҪ
û˵һ˯ȥѾʵڿյ޹ﲻţԲ𣬶Բ
µģȫ黪ɫζҩɾСѵʹɫζҩҪӹ۾ϼѣԣҲŻҩڽԵĺҩ֪ҴʱС壬ûġ
ſڳӰŤͷЦվԣ
ҵĮؽĿƻؾϣѲԣʹ˸ɫѰūϴȻ߹̧衣
һɣջǷ֣˵ٹʱӾͻȻҩԷӻڰΰСŮ
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ҡ
ϵڰūϣ涣죬ѩ׵һˮסūɲıò
С壬ֻȢĺŮӣܳΪ˽̵˽㣬Ϊô
ô
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߰ɡ
ٲһۣתĮ뿪
ҹһҵˣҲ˺ˡ
ӽҹעҪ¶һ

̫ͻ1

֪ԭѵҵļΪıĹϵô黪ٶƺԽԽˡ
ݶϣʱ䣬ֱһƲҵͻȻѣͻȻʶѰһҹڹȥǸѰİ졣
ҵĽǶȥɫɹɢɫˣº͵ûҹ¼ţءǡΨй͢еĵɻҰţ·ƯżʹҲĨȥơ
Ĺǣûů
̫ȥĵ¡̫ĹŮǰ˰첻ҷӦ˵һ顣
С𯵣ǵؿһۣȥɣ̫󻹺ء
治ȥҷӰ㬵СɫŨЦһۣЦ˳ƭģ߰ɡ
С𯲻ͷ
ĻӦûˣӦˣ̫ҲӦ֪ҹͰūˣôȥʲôأǾ棬ҫҴӽû˳ҫվǹ˳⡣
뵽˴ЦЦ
⣬Ȼȫ̧ͷһƬãĵ̶Ц
ϲ̫󣬺ϲ̫󣬾֮ŮͶϣ֮ǡһӿǰһͷ̫ϲ
̫Ц⣬΢˵ͷȴԴǸؿϲ˻үǧúױĵȥʵ
̫Թ΢֣̿СŮ˾űĸί֮æ̫£ͷ档
Եİūɵˣŵ棬˫ַʣĿ͡
̫ߣĶЦģԻ
ūһȻ̧̫Ϊ˷ܿģæֵú㶨ˡ
ūһ
⡰ֻûڣͱ丸ϣл̫СŮޱʵû˸
˵ҿүŮͦ飬üĿģһϲ̫ϧظ˸ūֵֻǣ̫ƽӹūūû֮磬̣ɺã
ūĸ׸֣ūüֱס̫۾
̫Цһһŭ𣺡̫ԴжٸŮܻݣߵл̫󣡡

̫ͻ2

ҪūһֻܾҪĸ׸ҵ֣ģҲϡ
㡭
ŭ뱻̫һɫֹסת̫ЦҲס˰ū۾ЩΪҪ㣬Ƣһˡ
ūǰūͱûйϵūͷãȴ˼⡣
̫ЦЦתΣ̣黪һλʺ֣Ҳ黪Ȣ֮޵Ĺһ̫֮꣬˶ֻܹȺӣ
ҡ
л̫
ūؾȻ˴飬ӲͬİūԹؿ̫յȴΪȻĿһתΣ˳ͬʱһץסһֱվľͷʲôҲ˵ľ躰Ϊʲô˵ҪȢˣΪʲô˵˵˵˵㲻ҪȢҰ˵˵
̣𣿣ھѽ̡
ĿɿڴϷԵһĻΪζ̫󽥽üͷб裬ūūž·ţץ߿޺ûãҷϣΪʲô˵ˣղѹʱǻšұƭұƭˡΪʲôʲôҲ˵أ˵˵Ƕƭˣ˵㲻ҪȢҰҲҪҪؼңҪؼҡ
ҪؼҡҪؼҡ
վĵſڣҿЦööǰ߼ʵĹǣҲͬĻǣվһûܻؼңʧȥ˼ҡ
ץž죬ūعڵϣ˫ɿ䣬ϵ棬죬һһ𣬵ȼ˾ʼȻͫ
һ漴Ǹӿʹ⡣
ūѩ׵Ӻζ̫ͷһȻüվſڵңҿž裬ȹԷɣҵĺۣɭĵڣصĴ졣
ߵūǰ
¡
˲֡
ū󴦵
Ȼ󣬾ŤͷſڣҵĿ⣬
ĻŵذĿƿֹȹ䣬ĺ䡣ϢžĽŲԽԽԽԽͬȵϢҵ
νԸô
Ҹǰѩ׵壬İš

̫ͻ3

νԸô
Ҹǰѩ׵壬İš
ŬŬԼ¶һ˿飬ԣʲôҲ˵˵ʲô˵ģ˵ڡ
ƭҡᳶЦݣɳƵ˵㣬ƭҡ
ұ۾ȥԸȥҲҪκ
Ϊʲôҿң
ҧıԼָۡ
ҡ
ܿˣһƲסԼ
ң
ʹ׹ҵĶͷƤصѹҵ࣬ʲôڻ
ܣԣҪˣԾԲԣ
صغݺݵضסҿңȻץסҵı۰һѽĵ
Ƕ߹ε˼٣䵽޷˼κ飬ŵεĿҵȹķҵĺ죬ѣ߸߷ȴʼûоһ
ʱڳرߣʶĳƮŲ㱡İĶ죬ر磬絽˴ֲ
ûˣסҶ˵ΪʲôҪƭңһԭǲǣңǲŮ˱ˣǲҲƭǲǣ
Ӳ
أִĳǡ
סûйϵ֪£ԼҪƭ㡣
ĿȻ䣺Ϊʲô
ҧҧ´õܸ黪õģһܹΪһܺúܺõġ
Ϊ˱ôͻȻңңץסҵĸ첲Ϊ˱Բԣ㲻á㲻סԣѡסңԲԣ
һ岻סѾˡ
㵽ڻҪƭҡ
ˣס䣬ϷĲ²⡣
ΪʲôΪ黪Ҳţȫţʧصŭ
ҽץסȹڣŴ˵ǰ㲻ţʲôأҴûͷûС
̧ͷס۾ЦˣþȫЦˣС壬ôǻ˰Ի˶ԣƭʲôֵأ
ҿԼõЦʹչŭŵĻ䣬Խ̵ʹУظӾĶǡ

̫ͻ4

ãȻ˲е壬ȻҲЦˣҲ̵ЦݲͬЦ԰ףԳԨ͸ʹĶ㾹ƭҡ
ţ˵
ɵϣҹȻǱ㻹Ҫɵɵϡ
ڿ׳һĻߣ˫壬ţѩţͬѹֻ׵һδֺС
žડ
ʲôݺҵؿڣų棬ѩ׵Ӱûڱ̳У׹׹׹޵׵
ǣôģ
һзҶ׷Ʈ䣬ǣˣ˿ˣҲˡ
ɡ
Цţ߹
ΪԼѹΣ֪ܲ죬䣬˵ʱ򣬿ǣĵ׳ƽͺѾʧеĸо飬ҾԼܣԼĿܣԼס
Զ֣̫ǶЦЦغܵ⣬ܴۡ
ˣҲЦ
ǣ̫󻺻߽ңֻǣɵؿʼɣΪҪ
üʱôģӦԽǰһɽ
һ۶סĵ̫ߣһЦ£ûбԽĸɽֻҪǺ
ҵЦƾʲô
ƾжҡֻҪ뱾֤Ժ׷йڡκ顣
һЦǵóǶ빬ʱ̫Ҳ˵ƵĻѽǺǶ񲻸ȴأ
üΪ㱳ңҵĻˣԣŻͫ³
סҧסĵ׺Ȼġ
ٸһλᣬֻҪأȡϴεĽѵԹ
Ƴһۣһ䲻תߣӦ
û
δңȴǳҵıӰЦΣͻȻ˵֪죬ºͱ˵Щʲôô
һԾֹ˲󣬻˵˵ҪȢ㣬ҪλҪ黪ҪĸףֻҪ㣡
Ȼ䣬׺䶥㣬ҵ翪ʼת
ֶΣĺǣ˵ˣעҪΪͬŮˡ
ͬһ̶ЦУ

̫ͻ5

ҹ£ǳΨңԶıҹվͷһǳͽҫ˭ҲβסĹâ¶ĹâҵĹâ
Ԥ˵ңԶʱǽؾۡ
ң黪ؾۣ⣬Լ飬ԼԤԵʱܻĻͻȻɾһһεʧҽʶϷգûǳֻкڰ
ԤһǴģû黪黪ĵ۹ҵС
һǱˮУһظˮ棬еƵأǱٸǱٸ
һϣԼظ˶ٱĶŪ̫֪ڱĳһһأѰö趪塣
ˮ˹ͷҹĺˮĿҲһԺΪ丯ʴԵʣҵˮ˻ʹѱһһĸҵƤ
ٶȴˮƳҴںԵĴʯ϶˸ӰӰһֳ°ͣǳǳЦţ嵭¹£ҿֻıġ
ʲôŲ˵ңüͷôܿϧǣӦǻˮ£类ˣǱˣһСԼûŮڳ񲻱Ц
ľԽ˵ԽǰѹѾõĲʹöʱ̷й˳
һˮУˮб컹Ҫбȳ峺磬Լ䣬ʱ⵹ҷ·ֿԼΪСĵУȻҺ;ˮЦǣû覴õЦݡ
ȻôϧָҪȥ˺أĪǣҲĲ
ľҳˮ棬ץסʱҡ
Ĩȥߵˮ˦˦ͷҪ˦ȥһΪʲôҪѰңֻ֪ĵиѰңңҪҵ
ȷʵӦĲСΪõûٳԿͷľ˸ͻȻ£ָʼ㣬˶ȭͷǺҴȻˣҲûҲʣȻֱӺҴ󲮴СҲȻҴ󲮶ӮɱϾǳսҴ󲮳Ժ˲Ҳ֪ɣΪ˲˻װװҸȭҸ˭ȭܳܵôûʱ˶ѪǣͲûѪɺˣʱҶѧѧСӸǸŮĴѾԼһΣͷƵز󳾣޴Ĵ

̫ͻ6

˵ûУ޿̣սȭͷ󺰡
Цˣѽ㻹ԭ㻹˵ĸǣһֱΪ㲻أ
пҲúñҸɣһСģһˣ㶼֪
㡪վĿ¶׹⣬Ҹ̫Ĺϵ̫Ἣ˵Ҫɱ˵ףǺ̫һģһʹͨ˰ɣ£Ҹ££ЩǺıģȫǺıģ
Ǻı֪廹ԼҲˮ
ұƼˣɤװʲôãװ˭˭ϡɱɱȫ黪Ӣ˽ˮ𣬶ھгΪԩ꣬Ϊˮһξͻõ˼𣿲ᣡԶᣡֻ˸񣬸ɱ֮죬ΪһõԭµŮˣ
ľү㹻ˣ㲻ҼͲҪ˵ҼĻǺˣǺˣСһ˿ίӳرӰд˳ľûϵиŮܳһʱڵĪصСѲתųеˣѾһҹˡ
һЦЦôȥ˯ɣҾͺá
ū澲ߣһҪңū澸ңˮˣֻᡭ
С娛ȻСһ㶣֪Լʧԣίصͷ
ľǾʲôؿҡ
ƯˮУųصҵΧ̶ˮʧȥģͷ
ͻȻԼ̶ҵľʲô
ǺˣǺˣ
ˣС˵ֵʱеͻȻҷȻԭҾҪΪ˵ңңֻ֪;賳ֵңңȥĶˣȥĶˡ
ңˡ

̫ͻ7

ˣƣӻ򰶡ųرߵʯףҪϰɽºһ˻سС
С𯾪ֵңסҵˣľ
ľӣԼԼľٶʲôҲоһ㣬ʹͷΣСĴߴ£ľǽұϰСæϣ漴ȴǸĵľĽš
ҵĽţմ࣬˺ۣɱĳˮҵĽűľʼûʶԼĽѱصʯӻ
ľ̵üɰͰ͵С汎ҪҪȥ
СƴͷȴеƵԼվ𣬶ع·ѾľˣʲôҲоˣʲôµء
СסÿɷؿҶ뿪ΣȻѣСķסңȥ
ЦЦŴǣС𣚣Ǹɵϡ
ﲻǣ
һҰңֻҪ룬ܹҵһ

ǣԼĶôһأ

ˣҲˡ
ܾǰһڲԭʱ˵¾һ壬Ϊӵǣغܲң͵òóµ塣
Ҳˣһеزˡ
ԣעҪΪҵֶ
ǵ죬쳣ƽҵߣǵûŭңʹҲֱӵ֮ɫ
ǵģŮҵУ񣬱Ұȳ䳤ƣΪ黪תҪ淢ң˵䳤ͬ䳤ӷ󡣡
ͷ̫ɲ򣬵ʵǰõлѴһһ
Ů˵Ǿ͸ģҸľָң
Ҵô˵Ұʾ뷴̫ˣӣô
̫һ
ľҸһ࣬ӲѰκ˽飬ȫ黪֪飬¸㣬ǺǣҵҪˣŮ񣬵ƾҸһͿԻ¸סôҸ

̫ͻ8

٩٩һȻ¸סң㸸ϻ˼ð£Ҳ̫Ҹɢҥԣʵ䳤֮ͬѣϻ˵ƣ¸˰ɣ
ľڳһľ޻˵һ䣺Ůɱ㡪ݺ
ıɱŮˣ£̫ݻ䣬ϽľƷ
ү㻹ʲô˵̫򶫺
ֱͦ壬ŭ̫󣬰Σ֮λ޴ʣ޻˵
̫̾ҡͷû뵽ǣԪϣ˶㣬ͷǸͼıλСˡ
һˬЦǺǺǣͼıλȷʵУֻǣϷ򣬶Ǹ׽ˣ
㡭ˣѹΣ
ðϷԼߣͦ˦ȥҪļͦص߳ĵ֮ʱһ٣Ұ˲ûӦԣҲ֪еĿ⾿ʹ޻Ǳġ
ľһͬȥɱŭգŮбӦģʰ㣬һʰ㣡黪ΪŹ㣬ǧǰΪǱɱ㣬һɱ㡪
ָ黪ô
ԽԽңԶ˻Цˡ
һ輴λѶ̫ΣȥһڳΨ£ǶȻʶʵˡ
΢ЦŸϲ̫Ը⵹£ˡ
ǰɡЦң
Ҫʲô
ȻܵˣǸαһ˸˵黪Ǳˡ
أҿżɽ
ԣ죬Խ¥ʽѸ֮Ů̵Ļ£ʱȫİնͳǸʱ˵黪תۣĿ
ЦЦôҰģȾ赱黪Ҫʲô黪ԳȻôһжΪ˾裬ԼʣҪιģֻԼǿŸĺġ
ĮӣĮأĵĴ̽¶֪һҰĲŮˣĮʹԣͻȻֵʱȻ˿⡣

̫ͻ9

ǣϾϾ̫˵ͳͳһУעұӦҪһսעҪܡ
⴫Ϥŭ̫Ц¶ؿһۣ漴ŲͻȻʶǷŭ˭ҲҪܣһӰѳ˫ɨķͽ¶ʧı顣
ӣȷʵѱ̫Ѻˣ
û⣬ҧгݵرƳ⼸֣Ȼݺݶס˽ңɵģǰɣ
ҿĵһǡ
ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪǣĻ㵽˭˭
ץסҵļҡҡҴ۾￴˲ҰֽԼôãôô־زϾǾ仰
ǣ㾿˭˭
ܾûȥͫԺӣȥʱݲһƬ᣷ɻңʧȥԺӣҲѡһ
٣ﻹů⣬ĿҲ֪ǲͫΪµĶͺ֪һʧȥУһҪط
̣⣬̤黪벿ľն̡ҵǱȽϾȣ̫ȻŶһնݳĸԣûͻȻ󷢴ȱ
С𯲻վԣֹЦЦ˵һ䣺С𣚣㲻ȰңҲȶġ
Сأڹ¿޵ΪʲôҪأѵҪȫ黪˶˵Ůˮ𣿣
ˮЦЦȻԼСʱĺ˵ҲҪձҲҪջˮ
Ժľŭ˻
黪ΪŹ㣬ǧǰΪǱɱ㣬һɱ㡭
ڸϣˮ峺գ֪⸱õǻãɵɵţɵɵı۾
оԼ·ڽƮȥƮ˽׵ƶˣϤЦ
磬Щ꣬Ʈɻã
Һ룬һ飬Ѿͷ
Ѿͷ
ǲ徿ʲôʱƺǳͺ󣬱黪˼䲻á
ڻϣǳҵˣͷңþõؿҡ
֪ۣôƣԴ˼ͱСС˸ʵĹУôΧôŮĽá

̫ͻ10

ҵˣôСѹֳôöûҵ΢Ц֣һȥɡ
ұͷ죺ҪҲŲҪȥƭңȺ࣬ң
ҰͷڻоﲻЦڻ£ɵѾͷ̫Ҫ̵
ǰǰ˴ؼҽ̵ˣߣ̧ͷǣͰͷȥ
黪üЦ㾿Ҳ㣬ҰǺӴ˼ң
Ҷػص˭ãƫŮĻæûңȴпոͷΪ·ƫģƫģ
ĸȥԶĵطûչԣչˡ
Ҳûĸôչң˵ˣô࣬ΪʲôƫҪչ
ΪĸĸйִйܶΣյӦǷЩ
ҡͷµйһжĹѽ۹ҵĹǴ֪ٱأûҿֻ֮ţ໹ܻ𣿲һ࣬ƾʲôסһƾʲôһ飬һŮҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ǻֻ򵥣ҪǻңҾͿ̿ҾͰ㽨ȫˣҾ͡
˵ЩΣûע⵽黪ɫԽԽѿеڽŨ
Ѿͷһû˵꣬ңûûңһ˲סˣѾͷԺ׼˵ĻҪ࣬˺ǣ
ίصͷڻоϣǿסµᡣ
һĬ֮ͣң֪ԼˣΣ˵Ѿͷˣ
ҹִŲ
ЦøºˣˣҴˣɲ
ٵøˣһЦմ˵λҶϵ¶Ȼ󣬵оң˵ֻǵССĻ¶ɶڱСڻе˵ǼֱǱһˮ㣬ȫʪ͸
۸ңһæ±ԭΣֱֵֿ¡
Цøˣιҵıǵ۸㣬춨Ȼǲˡ
ҺȦ߷µ֪۸ңôôѽôһĿĿĻΪʲôһ̤ͻüΪʲôЦͲһ

̫ͻ11

һ˵Ļȫ˵˳ȥЦ⣬֪˵ˡסңԴһ˿ȣһ˿οһ˿ģ˿Σ壺ѾͷҲǲһֻǣ
Ҳˣ
ЦЦ̧ͷգѾͷҲ㣬񣬱ͳϽҪʲô͵ʲôûɡ
սȭͷ߷ߵ˭ܵģһԵȥˡ
ЦɵѾͷ˵Ҫô
ҡϿüͷ
ǺҰ˵ҲüͷһЦѽ
ģ̧ͷ۾
Լ˵Ժ󣬲׼ҶЦ𣿡
ŶŶһȻȻϲ̵ģѹ㲻Ц
ڿˣ

ǣԸһȥˣ
Ҫ
ôˣεؿҡ
ҵǸ࣬أҲҪס
Ц̾˿СɵϣֻǸӣָܺʲô
ʲôҲᷢôһǲš
һ飬ȴǵҵĶͷǣֻǡӡ
ˣЦ˵ǺãؼҰɡ
ɿѾͷ˵ûҹǰ軵ˡ
Сı۰ЦôҸ
Ȱҳʱұʲôģô׼ȷٵҵҡ֪ۣæÿôҪǣһôϲ׽ԲأҳߣͺģҹҪֻǣô޿ɾҩذָоҵĸоӵĸоĸоزԸκ˷ԣҶʼ࣬ǰĮӣ˷Ķʼɡ

̫ͻ12

黪һ죬Ϳ̿ˣĸô
ᡣشز˼
һɰͰ͵ʣǲǻңܺңɱҡ
ͻȻͣסҵ۾صͷѾͷӦңԶҪ顣
Ϊʲôǵһô
ЦˣҵյûʲôһһֻǣҲ
¡Ļδ˵꣬ΪһԴˡ
ѰȥһССӰվɽͷǸ黪ߵСŮô£ôһô硣
黪һæǰôˣڹô
Ůӵػصûˣ¡
黪ôˣôŮһװͰ͵س嵽Ůǰ黪ιʲô֣
Ůһ±סˣ˰ûңҲɵסˣһʱεؿ黪黪Դϧصĸ겻ߣֶûȡ
߰꣬ûֲϡ棬һǧŻ쵽أʲôġתιҪ𣿡
СŮͷ
ü黪Ӧңңٸκȡ֣ҵ°ͣСŮһʧһ޵ģ黪Цŵ˵ҵͷƤҪȥοҴȶҿԸȡ֡
СŮסŰɵصҡ
ҲҲ㿪Цǰ죬زѰζҩ˵ҩζκܶಡҿһӣ˵ҩܻЩͽ̰ɡ
̡Ůգ۾ͫн˹âллŮ̺ϲ֡ߵسҾ˸
ҷŪò˼ˣϷɳ˺졣
ͷ黪ЦݣôºͣôÿǳͫУȫңȫҡ
ʱΪһؼҸľ飬ţ࣬Զܽ黪߶ߡ
ǣȴ֪ǻ᳤ģŮǻ᳤ģΪŮӣͤͤĳ˶ģᣬΪĳ֮ޡ

1

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ȥΣ֣һץסҵ֣ɺȻһ̣ڷô
˦Įܣҡ
ȥˣȻ޹ʳĻҲԵسŭسҿ޺ôأҲ֪ͶʲôҪǣѾˣˣ̫󲻻ŹģΪʲôҪ¶أ
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ĹŮǸǸССģСС
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˵ҪȶȻ͡ԼȥڵġȥĶ
ԼҲû뵽輴ʲôһɲǣĵ׵Ŀֻž羪װʹҵ࣬ô£ôţ갢ū˵Ļ˵֮ǰͿֻŵسڵĵطΣ
֪ǿܶ飬˵ɣ˵߱ϵĶǾ綾
סңȴһĶ֮ա
۸ӵУ޴Ѱң޴رܣ޴һžѰϤЦ衣
С塪С塪þ֣ȴһ̸ԼĻصɭС
С壬ĺһǣһҲã֪㣬š
ߡūظңҹսͷ

2

и߿ݣ΢΢ţй粻֪ͷ޵׶ڰ˨ϹǱñнضˣҲ˲֣ƿһƬڰУֻм˿΢¹ݶդϸϸ룬ڹâУ۾ס˶֡
ūн˻ѣһСŹԲͣͷ
ū澸ūţūֻͺƣū߶ﲻǻˣһпԲŻẦģǣūҲ֪ô˶պ͡͡
С𣚣ȥѡ顯ô΢ЦţĨȥϵˮ
һн˹âˮʱҵͷſڡ
˲䣬ѵһﲻľڽסңеӳŻ⣬ʢŭ˫ֽճȭ촽ڽмɱ⡣
ҵĮƿߣأ˾衣
ɫҰףȾűɫкͨӿ壬ÿӿһΣüͻšһΣżʹ࣬ɫ֮һ֣ͷ߳ĺ顣
ſĨȥͷĺˮȴȻڣ˵ңжжġ
۾סңͬʱһ綾ѪƺһѪ
һҿغɫѪȴæֽѪסæ˵۾ϣѪ
̧ͷ۾ɬµġ
֪
ûС;ơ
֪
޻ҡ
֪
ɶȷʵҺģҺ̫֣
֪
ҪΪᰭ㵱ԣϣ
֪
һƭͰūͬ
֪
һˡ
֪
Ҫ㵱ΪҪ̫ҡͷ
ҡ֪
㱣
֪
㱣
֪
ҲˣȴǴؿܾãһ仰صصصظһ飬Ƶػ˾䡰֪
ΪʲôΪʲôأ
ΪʲôҪ
ΪʲôҪôһУ
ΪʲôҪһһεأƾ˺أС壿

3

ҿطëſңͻȻǷ˰سȻʲô֪ˣԩҺˣΪʲôҪĶΪʲôҪԼϣô뵱ôô𣿺޵ҪԼע޵ҪԼҺѹһӣ𣿶𡪡
Ȼӿˮһæͷ𿪣ǿԼ׼
農ؿңͻȻңǣ𣿡
룡ܾ
һЦڳʪǽϣ뿴ް
죡׼˵ˣ
ǲԼޣҶǲ޵ˡ

ǣΪҿһκôʲôҲ֮ǰǰΪҿһΰɡ
ҵֵؿѪ£θٰ˵ˣǣʲôҲںһ㣬ԹԵأ૵˵š
ǣҲ㣬Ǻ޲ġ
Ҵ˺ϵĲ
ҾȶֻΪմѪˡ
ȥǵѪˮĨȥĺ飬Ūһ£һ£ѹغСġ
㵱˻˵ģº󲻻ζѵԼϣᣬǣһԼʹࡣ
鲼ѪȾˣҧ˺µڶ飬顭
ľ˵һ̧֣е壬ѩҵģסңңΪʲôһԳΪ˵ˣҹȥұӵĶأ
Ҳ֪ĶԼ˵
Цˣ÷ǳǳЦݶ˵ǣΪɵϣԼ˵ɵϣԼ¶ɵϣԼеʹɵϣԼһֱƭҲƭԼɵϣȫɵɵɵϣ㣬ǡ
·ҵ֣ժ׵ɲǣ˰ūľ𾪵ĳֻ裬ֻÿζЦôɣ԰׶ɡ
ֻصҵϣСĵΪϵϣͬʱСҲ˺飬ūڿɲ۾ϲе飬Ǻ飬ΰٶ˰ٶֵĺ飬оˣоˣ
ҽӹӣյߣ˵뿴ΪޣͰˡ
Цң˧عš
ҲС壬ǿס޵ĳ嶯Ѿûа취ʧȥκˡ

4

ҵֱ۹£嶣أǽη
费ӹӣֺȻͣ¡
ǣںô
Ҳ˵
ЦˣһںȻ㲻ȥģô
Ҿؿ
ô㻹ںҵķϣҼɣһͷ븹УĿĸһ۵â˸һɺɫӾ˳
ˣҰˡ
̧΢ЦؿҲ΢ЦؿңȻ˵죬һ㵱黪
Ц⵭ˣЦŶ˵֪ˡ
ҲЦţ裬Ӧңӽ󣬲ҪΪҶҪΪԼ
ҲӦصظɴ࣬˵ӽ󣬲ҪΪҪΪԼӦô
סЦŵͷ
Цǣһɵϣô
ס֣ǱůУЦҵ̫ˣţ۸ˡ
ûƾôţҡ
ɵǣֻ۸㣬û۸ҵĵָֻ˰ԵƢü˵ԣǲˣģ͵űҷɣ
˼ҵţ߸֣ȴأҵĶͷ
֪һѾʲôɾʲôҲ²͸ֻ֪СҰģҲùµϾ̫ɡ
ȥС𣚣˵ȥ̫רõľƽõģԭ͸ľƣ̫û뵽˶
Ǻձ⣬ָ߲ͷ˸Ū״ֶֻеȵգ죬ֻҪڷ˵黪̫ԣҾûüֵʱö֮½ҳһʯˡ
˵ǻţҶĶôС˰죬ڰ⻰˳
Ц˵ľ᲻š
ͻȻˣغū澡ūֻǡ
İɣ³˽Ǽû֪ҲûˣҶ֪ᣬ˻ģ䣬ľ

5

ҵĻŰЦʮĺӣĿ죬ȥҲ죬ͬǾʱĺӣ˵ĸˣ޴ãҲи˵ˣԣ˵СȥʱҸûȥֻǱܵţǲῴ˵ģҲһһֱܵţǲƭģģκԸ¡
Ȼľ
һֱҶ˺ô̡
Խ¥ǰ̫Ȩľĵһ¥񹤷ݳޣڹǰˣʵͷʱ¥ĴǶˣ¥İҲԸվ¥Ķˣȫµ˶Ľ£ͬͷ
֮Ụ̊׿Խׯʵĸ֮ˣ֡
վ쬵Խ¥ϣ¥ȺǽվԽ¥˰µŮˣϵľЦݣ߳ϣû˻ûأ·Ƕ˸ף
ٷųһǧֻ׿ȸ¶ڳա
̫תһۣʾҿˣȴ˾裬վ̫ߣĨƵЦݡ
Ϊʲôֱ㻹ɵЦţ
ʹͷߣңЦ˵ɡ
һȻҧס´
¥°µʲôһ϶Ŀ⿴ңҵɨǵĿ⣬ؽĿİɫëͣ
жûм峺Ľˣһ˿覴ҲûС
ѩˡҺ˵
һһ˲þûôɾİˡ
ܰϴɾƵġŤͷס۾ȹɲţͬŭĺ軨ȼգûͷװС
ңôˣ
˵˵ڡ
ңʲô
ס۾˵黪Ļ˵ڡ
֪̫ŭǣ˵仰Ĵۣɱسҵͺ𣬿ûܽӽңΪסڷ׷İУЦˣЦôɾôġ
Ҿ֪㲻ġ
ֻǣһЩ顣
ʲô£
Ц𣿡
ᣬЦݣؿңǣҡ

6

Ƭ̿ǵĻᣬѻعǣסҵ֣ͬ߰㲻ݷԳ¥а˵ң裡Ϊ黪һỹǸĵأĽɽƽһǳΪȫ壡
·̫Ľ£â۽ϡؿ¥̨ϵӭƺ쫷綼赲סǿƣÿ˵ꡣ
ǣҲȢ֮ŮΪޡ

Բᣡ̫òݾܾÿһҪɵĳӣԭأǸձĹ¡
ҪȢǣǻŮҸӣֻɵǡ΢Цţҵ𣬷ڴСǣҲΪ뻰ͬըըǵ𾪣ĸѿŭصסˣС壬ԵʲôʲôС塭ǣԸ޸ô
Ҵſڣտڣȫʶز˫
ЦˣԵ˵ĬĬϣҿɵͬˡ
ҡ
ͬˡ̴ң˵ֻ۸㣬Ե㣬û۸ҵĵסˣ
ҴᱧڰգȫŵغҾлʺˣ黪лʺ󡪡
·յݺ˻˷ܵĽк֪İգǴӵӼﱼ¥¾ۼԽԽˣԽԽߺţϲϲʺ󡪡ϲϲʺ󡪡
ͬ˰˷ĻУ˷ܵض˵ǣôôףǣһҸģһҸ
ʼգ˵Ļᣬһ˵һЦһӰ㵸
Ҳ֪Լûнﻰ˵ǷˣɵʱžôĵЦݣʵڲȥ顣
ʾ裬ΪʲôͻȻԸ⵱ˣͲĻʹ
˵ֻ룬ҵǲ黪л·٣ǲͲһ룬ҵͿסˣ㻹ܱסļˣϻģС

7

ҪȢҵϢ黪Ȼ󲨣۳ϵȰνǵ飬ЦŽ̯ǰ˵ǰĸλʱôûôս֮ʱôûôģ˵꣬ȫӽ¯С
ֲ̫ҪȢūΪǻŮӵã˻ȴνЦЦ˦һ仰Ҫ׹ݣ黪еǣҾӣֻһĻ˵
һס̫Ŀڡ
Ϧūң˵ȺǻͻһԼȫǰ˳󣬲Ըٶ
ģҲΪ;İʯġٺŶЦҲؿлʣֲ֪ôʳڣתԳų˸ǳЦǣҿԽ𣿡

ǵͨͨŮѹɽлŮȴʲôҲûУһأ
Ҳ˵
ܾãأҲµĶ𣿡תƤЦգգ۾
ЦЦң˭أΪʲôҪأ
Ҵһ˲˵ܸǸѾˣңҲʧ˰ɡ
֪ô

룬üʧƬ̣Цˣúܿ϶Ŀ˵ǣҾãһǰԼˡ
ЦˣΪʲô
ΪڱǰװͰ͵ģʹźµһЦûи飬ǣǰΪܣЦһǵǰѪġ
˵˴˶٣ؿҶ˵ûأҩغܲңǣ㣬ԣӲԼңһֱ糿ˣҲˣĻʧ֪Լƭˡ
ͷһǾ㵵ؿǲǺܾȣȻûң˵ϧѽĽء
Բ𡭡
ǶԲңԣҪҸ𣿡
ӯӯЦ
˵ҲԲԣһҪðˣлõôصİģСıŶ
ͷ¡
ЦˣӭµΪϼ磬ſ˫֣°׳ȹ߸߷ڻϼ£׵Խů
̫ˣڿԻؼˡ
ڷİ㳤ĵЦˡ

8

ûūǲѾϲϾˣ
Цݲʣףķ֣˽ȫҽҴĵײԸñ˿࣬ôԶΪܰɣʱȷʵôţŻ;һĿ԰ҸһֱԼȥİһ
ǣҸҶԣϾֻ֦ͷһ仨Яҵƣδż㣬ѱһȥңԶĵطĵǸʧˣһλصҵС
ǵģھ¿ʼʱ򣬡ˡ
գ̵峿̫˵Ͼӵܵί鷳Ůȥ̳ǵĻǰɡ
Ҷס۾ʼտ͸˫ʢЦ˫ۺ󾿾ʲôıơ
һסң׼ȥ
Ҫĸµˣ֮ĶûУηڡ
Ҳûôĸ£û˸ҷأ
㣡
Ц̫Цȫüļ䵹ŭЩʧʹġ
ûۣתסң㲻ȥǻɱɱô΢ЦǶңֻǣǰճǶСūȥ̫Ƕ˺ƣôžǺƣСū飬û˺ȣȻ֪ǶᱳʲôĪأ
̫侲ذĿԴ£֪
Ҹ˸ֵǾ͸ˣĸµ̫󾹱õľƽ˶ƣ´ȥ̫𣿡
Ȼ飡
Ǿ鷳̫߳ǶһóǶҲ֪£ͼС˾˭
ſڵңЦ߹ȥԼýȥ棬Ǻ«飬ʹڹҲӵͨ޵飬ЩЩҲġ
Ͼأҽ˹
˽һҺⲽص㣬ǣ̫ŽнԶŭ
Ҳغܿ죬еӣһֱû˵ֱһ˳ȥֱסŤͷŷ֣֪ʱͣ˲
죬ǳ˹ˡ


㣹

ȥɣǵ꣬һӵġ
ûлشǸصͷ̫һܳǿȷʵ·ҡ
ǣҪ޸ˣҲ뿴üӡ
С
ھСסͨŵ·ȥɣ뿴߸˵ؼ޸ҡ
С壬һһֱͺܸ˵ġҺض˵
Цˣ֪ǣԾ͸ίˣԺ»ŵʱңΪҶ꣬Ŀˮ㻹ȥɡ
죺ôֲ𣿡
а㲻һֱ뵱ŮŮ˶ʷʵģƣ
˵Ұһۣתȥ
˺üȻͣ£ͷȻҡ
ȻֵԤУͺ񿴼һֱһֱվ￴ȥķ򣬴Ӱ쵽ҹִӺҹ죬ոһյأս㲣ңվûȻ
һ˿µ飬һֳС壬һϻȻȥ棡
ˣ΢ЦŵͷĴҶ֣ҵ㡣
ҵ㡭
ҵ㡭
Ȼʣů峿İվУ߸ҶݻƷ׷ɣƮ㣬⼴ȥļΩЦôôģͬƬ˵ʱУĶҵС
ſڵʱѽʱ֣̹ټˣæøңҡͷľǰʲôҪҴСġ
ΣҡͷʲôҲҪˣֻġ
һ΢ͷ
ƺǸһͬƲδңǽھҵʱ˿ĭޣգ
һȭֹסδԣµѲ˵ʲôת̨ʱľҵıӰ㻹һԣչ˺ø
ֹŤͷѱ˰@ϣͺȿھƣڵϣη壬ң΢ЦţͷתٿԼµĶ̡̹
һС㸸ŵϱ̫غܳӰӣڼ󵶵˲䣬ұ˵ҵĳŵ
ꡪѪ䣬ͬ˲ȼյ棬࣬գԸоȹϵĶأŵܣһƬ졣

10

Χ۵ס۾˷
̨ͫ꣬ܵʹ࣬ǧСնһֶ²̷ն߲ȥҪԼ屻룬ëȻʹ󲻳Ҳ롣
Լ룬׼ͷ飬ֻǺȻһ˿ĵɭֹסҵĶ𶯣
üûо㵣һӦֻǾ죬漴ֵʬ屻̨Χ߼ӴܣһȺѸٽҰΧͻȻʶ˽ˣ
Ȼͷ̨Ҳ˱ҵĲϣľ˱˴@˦ϵȻݺݵǰΧס
ȻЩѪֵĶǵģһϲ¶ЦȻϤƫҶ𣺡þòˣʺ
һ⣬ҰƬ̣ȻǸõסҵˡ
漴ɣ
ִҿ˵ɻܡֻţ̫һȫҵؿڣʶŤͷѰܣֻҵҶѻҵƤô֧ĵأϢȫ׼ҡ
ǰѼȫ£ȻǾɱ˻Ůòһ˿̹١
̹ٲδɫһ˿Цǡ
ս
һȺ𣡣

ˢһֺǧʿ֣ͬɫǽվ¥ֵɲǲһӰǼմţ̳ɱ⡣
ˣмˣȻͺһɣƿ˳ȥ
Ҫܣƻ׷
ȴȻͣͣǵУ̧ͷķ
ЩԾûңǾܹƬ̺̫Ԥı
ϻûԤıðôľ߷߻˾䡣
ҡͷң̫Ҫɱ˲ǣֻǸģ
˾ֻꡪһǧŹͷ´
Ů΢̫󼰾ӣ泼ˣмȥɣ
̹ٹ֣ҹߵ˲ŵؿңһãȻǸ֪ʲô
׼սȫ

11

ǧһ֮ɶŽ˴һöƷӡת󣬼У黪֮һķӡɽӡתʱգȫ
ô죿ľסҡ
˻ãαعƽһסҪҵľ

ǣɵĺȺͻȻסִеˣɱģ
ͻȻܲŭɳһһֲ
һƬ£ҵĺȹŭţ᯻Ұɲǿҫ۵ĺ졣
Ȼһ˿϶ͷס̧ͷƬգƮ˽ѩĻ䡣

ૣ΢Цת˫ֻڿУѪĺѩİУſ˫֣˿سнסһƬһƬյĽ׻䡣
ǡǡ
ɺľŭǣҲŲˣ
зӡԽԽѸٵתǣҲŲˣ
ͻȻʲôҲʲôҲ֪ӣĻУڴĿĵ£ȸԾ
жûˣ
ãÿÿ춼ܼС
ǡ
һ˻ӡЯȥʧ˲䣬ֹͣһиȻͣ٣ǣҵȹҵķҵĺڣҵĺ죬һ˲ȫӯƮ䣬ͬʱƲѳڣ֮Ľ⣬һʮٵͻȻâУķƮ
䡪
̹ٻæ
䡪
ʿӦ
ಣǧ뷢ŭ裬»Ĺâ
κζסңסңʸ˲ϢǧȻ΢ЦţţĹâߡ

ͬ˰ӿıⱼڣǸղ뷢ҵǧȴֹϢ֮䣬Ө˿˵ҡ
ʿסˣ̹סˣסˣסˣ
ңɵɵЦˡ
̫ˣĻšͬһ½ҵǰ
㳤ˣǡȻҲЦˣǺʹǰһ°׵ŵˣǣ
ҲЦ۾İˡ
ǣ㾹ǣѾͷ
һ˲ͬǽϲкȻң

ط1

ּף·ǧǳ۵Ĺâ£ͽһ쳣͵Ŀ
ǰѩ׵ĳкڵϣͫŵİˡ
·ûκζ۵ףô׵ֵһ˲סΧеĹâͬҵĺҲǰԵô۶࣬ʶذͷ£Աزҿ
ôǵ̫ˣҪɱ㡣ЦЦЦݣҸоһ˿ů⡣
ҺȻԼ˵һ仰ˣûаˡ
ԭĺˡ
̧ͷȻ¶õ΢Цľǵô
һͷ
ŶһЦˣѾȫ뿪ˡ
˵סңҳǣþȫǰЦݣɵǸղž϶ֲŸɱҵģ֪ΪʲôΪҳģΪ̫֪㾿ǲǻţ󣬱ؿڴһܻţԺûôˣǸɵϣȫɵĴɵϣȻô׾¶ݣ㣬ôܶĹ̫ôܶĹң
۾ЦԼЦȫӳġ
ôأƸмΪҵ˿εЦĬ˵ƭˡ
ǣ̶ĸֹ֣סеЦ⡣
Ҳݵƾʲôô˵
Ϊƭˣº͵أЦˣΪѧ˵ѡ
Ȼĸжҵ࣬ͻȻ˷
ǰڲԭڹǣദÿһҹҹĻѣô׵ؾͽҴͺĵÿһ飬رһҪ
ôǰҰѰľ̽ʱµûУһûУȻ죬ٳڻٳڹǣٳΪѾ˵黪ǰ
ڵġǿѹоκ˰ӿĸ㺣ҾƽסԼ

ط2

ʲôƵҡ
Ȼ°ͣΪһǰ棬ΪԾɲƭˣΪ̫Ҫɱңڽǰûܣڱסʱ̫㣬ӾͳӰɣ˵Ҳ飬ӶԶҲӲ̫ģ㲻黪עٵԲܣԶܣڣⱲӡ±ӡ㶼ݡ
ֻŬƭһΣƭ۾ֻһ˲Ҳãֻ뿪
գҵĻѻû˵ꡣ
ꡪ
һɾʹᴩҵؿڣҾͷ߾۽ǰᴩķɼϣһ˿ͻأ̺ʣϸѪӴҵؼ£ЩѪ·𶼲ҵģȻΪλôƽΪλҪ̧ͷȥ۾
żˣɱǣɱ̹˻Ѻɻûͱһ˱
ҿôǰῴԼҪĶ
Ȼῴסңž뾾ģУƺһģġѾͷҶƮţͬů
䡪ɳʯ˳һȦɫŵرܣǧʿ¸һ
ұڷգҵֺܽҺȻҪң·ŵľ뾾ֻ˼ҹΣ·ŵѾͷֻµĻ
٣ңµ㣬Ѻ㹻㵽غ۾
۵ɲǣĻķ£׷ҡҷİҵ̺ΰġ
ɣĻ΢Ц塣
ɺȻһ˺ѷʹԶ𣺡ǡһ׹ڰǰһɲϳˣС
ȥĶˣ
ּɽּ黪¶ˣŴܳһοЦ
ҰֱһŲߣȴֻм־ʱȻرס
òÿһλеҰ°͡
ƾϣ§סĲǰЦǳ磺ȥôãֻΪժҰô
ҡߣһУһ˺ܶأزҩģѰһ֣ʦϼʦ׹ģЩҰҵģΰٲĴ󱦱˲õģ˵ˣò㲻˼䣬ҲʱȥѵԹԴڹﲻɡ

ط3

ɶ࣬ҵĶͷŪô࣬ҡ
ҡҺߵذͷ£ίⲻǸ֪ˣææûϴ
ֲһӳζЦҡ
һæֶ᣺ĺ֪ܳͲӥöˣһСˤָôʲôأ
ҷ߷߲ƽرԹƫԽǱԹ黪ЦԽǿģĩˣһѱסҵıӵƭģˣ
ѽҲƭҪƿ
ȴұظȫȴʵǡ˵߻ȥϵңƤȥɣԺҲˣ˭
ͷһæץסʵ㲻ˣҪȥĶ㲻Ҫ𣿡
һܿЦ⣺ĶҲȥ㡣
ǣһζİûӳҵ۾ƭˣڲģǲΪͳ飿㶼˵ˣǰǻˣô
黪ΣЦң㻹ʲô
ͷ˻˵˵ͳΪ˼仹ԼͳΣԲŻŭģһ˵粪ȻŭȫˣΪЩֻǴԣòİɡ
黪δң΢ЦΪҲϴҸӵģһƿֽŵأʲô
ҡͷʲôҲû
Ұĵ˿Ϊһֱͳͳ棬˷ء
ãͥҪܵǱȷп顣
ʲô£ͽ
黪ͳ棬ǶԼĳ񡣡
ء
ԣɬɬһЦԣǻҿսΪҴ磬ǱַңҲַǣ
һ˶ôԣôͳһֱǺܺõֵܰѵ粻֪ѵ۾Ϲġ
Ѿͷ׼˵Ļһסҵ죬ңõĵĿ⿴˿ܣ֪˭磬ڡܵ硣

ط4

һ£ˮͳ˵û˼䣬ΪʲôƫҪأǲ飬Ҫ⣬ҪֵܷĿͷĿ黪磬㲻Ҫ˺òãһ뿪òãҿԴȥĵطǿԶɽ
ҡ֣ؿ
Ц⣬۵ĨȥҵˮѾͷҲ룬ǣҾ޷ıʵ
˰ԣҵͷ޵ظģ㲻Ҫˣ᲻Ҫô
Ѿͷǲô
ôô
Ҿǿһó־۾εġΣǺȻʲô飬ȻץסңѾͷԸԶһô
ͷ㲻׼Ҫң
üŴóһģѾͷ˵ԶԶֻ㶼ܰϱˣֻܺ˰һ𡣡
ҲˣǾ飬ûϲô
ЦˣɵѾͷֻϲܴܴĻкܶණ
ʲô
˵ʧȥ˵ıʹֱ˵ʧȥļ̌סҡ
˼ţһʧȥˣǲҲһȥɻǣֻ֮š
ϵƿǣҿĶ֧ܾİʤѩ˵һǧδ峺ס
ʲô
ľӣľ
Ҵ𣿡˷ܵ۾
º͵ЦˣὫҵƺ𣬽ľм䣺ѾͷղĻԸô
ͷŶͷǵľ˽ӽĺ롣
Уͷ
ЦˣӴԺ㲻ٰˣʹҲԸ⣿
黪磬㣬Ҳٰκˡ
ɵѾͷҲǡ
ꡪ
ѪɽһδüӦʱ̣סҵ֣ľ̽࣡

ط5

Ҳŵصɴ۾Ѫ壬ѪŰľůҵָ⣬ҺµҪſŵҪȣ黪ȴһѱסңú庢ӰҶߺ£ˣֻľģûµġ
·һξþ޴ҽ˵̳ľӣֻѪĲѾͷҲס㣬ԣҲͬѡ˱ѾͷҵѪҵ飬Ժ󣬵ʱǷҪγŵǷҪˣǷҪҵİסԼЩѡȨҶԼڴ֮ǰҲǵ㣬ʶ㣬Ͳᰮ㣬ԣ㲻ˣҪԼ
֪δ˵ЩʱĻݺݿ֪ϯͬͷʹ᲻ס裬ֹסѪĥĥȥֻҪɻʹ޷
أӴؿڰ£ŪСġ
˿Ѹٸϣ̶δ£ڷĵЦˣ黪˹ҵıǣ˵ɣ˲ҡ
֧˵ô
ֻǲ˵ңΪʢǵĳŵ
ҿ黪סҵҿ쳣ЦݣͬϦ͵ĹӰǣҲЦű۾оǣᣬҵĶġ
ú֪ԭľ̳ʥ黪ժȡ֦ҶӣǺغصʱҸø˵ģ黪ԸΪΥ棬ǵһ
ǣҴˣΪ֪µͬʱҲ֪һ飬ǼʧȥУ黪ʧȥ
ģУ
ΪʲôҪ̫ˣ
ȥģʧѪ̫ˡ
ʳ
ٸˣϢһ£֧Ųסġ
ȥһҪȥ
۵ɲǣǿ㲵ݣͫ꣬վڸ߸ߵƶˣ΢ЦŽա

ط6

ˡȻ˵ư㵭ɢȥֻʣɲһ˿ؿң΢΢üʶؿ˿ܣ֪Ѱ˭ŴȥϢˣ˯죬òײŰҪҪЩʲô
ʧشҪҡͷһ;ؿ˺ѷεʹ
ɵҶ˿ڹᴩˣҪϺѣòײֹסѪһѿʹԼ
ôؿڡ
ʡ
ΪʲôҪң
Ҳ֪Ĳң
شҵ⣬ˮҴߣҪҪȣҡͷ㻹ǺȰɣһʲô£ùĿҡ˵꣬ҵͷҺˮұҲȵ㣬ɲһڣ˿ڵǣʹһ鴤ˮûȳɣǺţϵĿԸʹ亹乡
æˮ£ҿȵò鴫ңǡűƿ˴߽ҺЦһ˱ѵζܰɣŮ
ƽ̵ǿסʹ̧ݺݶסõĲһӣһסҵ°͵Ǳԣˣкմ黪˵ѪǻҪ㣬ΪˣѪˣ
ͣſй׼֡һӴ̵ִ߳
ɶӲǲţӺƾүҲҪǲ㱻նү޹ԩôɥŮˣʲôȵļֵ
ûмֵֻ
ɱ
㣬ſ
ĲֲŷһȻֹסͷ㵵ؿңȴǿ̾ʹ԰°ϵӲǳ
Ҳҵ׹ٻ£үݺģƵҲ͸¶ģĻ»ֻЩҪ¾ңû¾͸ҹҲԶԶġ
㣡ΪҲɱ𣿣һȭȴƸæץס
ץĶͼѵϵſڣƳʹ˸ɫЦҸ㶨ҩɡ
á߹ȥؽŭĶ͹⡣
ľ£ʹϴңֵͻ󣬶˳ˣ˵ֲ
˵봭ڴԵϣεؿһۣЦǲһҪڣŻԡ

ط7

סľǾȰָֻң㿴ı飬ɣ汻˵
ҾͰӳȥ͡
ľæסҶԡ
δϵĲóƤĶţЦС˼ĸԣʵǵ춹ģƢľһ⡣
˵˵ҳϣұˣкƢľ飬ȴһۡ
ɫƤҴߣɽҰ֣ûҩ̣ƤֻͱϣŪͱ˵㣬ȥŪҩһδ˵ͰŪˣٿϣˡ
ҴƤû˵δԣƤýЩ԰ɡ
΢΢ſڣƤͱŨҵҩζöġ
ҧƤûжľ̲ס˳
üҧһ£ؿڵˡɬڵζӲƤݲҽҧ飬ǣݸ΢˾ͱζǺסԼƤҲӿе䡣
ر۾ص˯ϯľżҺι˯ûҩ˯µģɣӰɣ
ûӣҩԲˮˮҲûá

ôˣȻ䣬һļµȻ۾ͷ֮ޱȣҵ۾ǲԾѰȥ
ɹס
ҩҧľֱӰԭ˵˳
΢΢üңϮȾ糾İ£Ǻڵأӷ·İͻȻӰƱһʵİâҿ顣
ͺأ£ҵƤ
ľָָſڣָָҵܣƾͰȥˡ
ЦЦһΪ
ľæôܣҲŲŮ˽ƽϣ
ɺЦعǣһۣ߹ȥŴ򿪣ί֣վ𣬸ɰͰ͵غ
׵Ϣؿɻá

ط8

ͷתȥһίĶͣллҲɵĶˡ
͵Ҫ飬ȥҲԸ⣬Ϊɵҩ˵꣬ĵصһۡ
ЦתײһŵĿ⣬æ£ңҧô
ҽŵذͷ¡
ЦĬεǻǷްɡ
Ȼͷһ׹Ҳ֪صôӦòԽ񡣡
˺СƤҧ飬ȻңκοǵأҵĴģȼϤϢҵ壬ͻȻкöʶĻԺҶ˶ƿ֣ȴЩɣˣ𾪡
оҩ챻ҵ죬ĿʶҪ㿪
ȥµĻᣬְһƤҧͽ
ΧͻȻʯˣһľصǡ
ԼʧʵξɫУԶӣԹԳһһιҵҩ˿࣬ʹԼֽľؿڡ
ζ𣬿Դǹ˾ͲˡӲѻóݸңҺȻ۾Ǿؽס
⻨صȥɵô㷲أǽ⻰ʳ˿˲ΪʲôҪôǣ
΢΢Ĭ˰Σͷ˵ǣöȥҵġоʹ˿԰׵Цݣһǵҩÿκҩ͵ñǹ
޷ٶЦݣӲĿƿ
ѻ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷҪ
¿ôɬ
ЦЦǣ춼ڳԿĶΪһô
ôЦſҰΣԴһ˿ʧؽ£ҲԣˣѲǲԭǸаŲҩСѾͷˣôǣ
õʾ䣬ȴκλشĻѵĮСĴڵϣҷȴޱشϲȹ
Ȼͷһʹ
ˣĮıӰͬŸңӴˣͬİ·
ر۾װ˯ˣֱȷκأҲۣʹҧϵĻ
аоմȾ۳У˭֪Ҳù׹ͬ͸Ľڹ
ʵǾңҡ

ɽ1

֪ôˣǷɵɵǰѲܻȥҡ
̫ҪɱңϾҵĴΣ̫࣬ǣԤϣһʼţҪơľҵɱˣ
ļȷʵëȻëȻģǱļƵˣҲ̫ôȫ棬ľʱƭǧ˵۾Ҳһ
ǣʲôȻʼɣǱôֻþ赱ĹߣŵһˣˣҲΨһƭˣӫ
δӫֻ֪̫ǰһÿὫԼ޹о룬ӫһǳǸʱģǾ˵Щʲô˭һ֪
ֹ죬˿ڿʼ裬´߶
ŷԼסɽԶСɽɽˮҲ֪λϲʥˣڴ˸éݡ
ԶԶƵĸߴǸ¶˾ǧʱδԼǵǧǰ¶͵黪ʮ죬黪ҲｫҴ˼䡣
֪Ļľɷ񻹼ǵңɷϳƤһµĻŮˣƭ˶ֵֻ֪ҵľѾͷ
׵ͣҵļͷϼ䣬ᴵ֮Ʈ仨Ťݣɽص㣬֦ͷУվ£΢Цա
ɽڻӭǧδң
οرͫ
Сʱ򿴹飬˵Ůͳôľߵߣ˿ʯͷ¡
ЦЦҡͷҲǳֻϲԣͣ
Ϊ羰ÿ
ֻ֪ǵһξʱ򣬾һϲˣҪ
ľһ˲Ц˵òʱԤе黪Բµİɡ
һҲЦˣܰɣ˭֪أǾ鶼Ԥ֪Լİ飬еģֻǸоѡ
ľͷ˵ʲôΣסңô¡
ЦҪ壿
ĶǾˡ

ɽ2

Ҫҷҵ֣
ֵ֪ܺ״𣿡˿а⡣
ҿԼ֣漴صͷǣҲ֪԰ұô
üδӦңֻɻؿҵǣ濴㣬㵽ҪʲôȨλ
ЦЦֻҪɡ
ɣ㲻ɣ
û˵ֻǵЦԶ¶ˣΣҵľϲС𣚣ô
һ죺𣡣
ЦˣСҲϲ㡣
ģһ
ҵͷǣôӦһ顣
ʲô£
С뿪ǣԶҪҲҪκλȨ
üҪʲôɺȻұҵʼδ뿪ɽ£ԣûľЦɫȻù֪ʱ;վ
㻹뿴аС𣚣ǾͳߣǸµĵطı̫̫ˣԻȨǷվӲħƣСҲһ
أȻһĿؿɽ˿ʶζأô
ͷʹǿЦݣ˰㲻Լ˵ôѲǲԭǸ¿ҩСѾͷˣǣǻŮ㽭ɽˣǲˣƭԩΪɱЩ仯󣬲ô
׵ӼͷߣǣããɽУĿģֻףҵ̺졣
ҴٿתԳéȥҵı󴵹ҵķҵȹȻ̧ȥմ˿ǣɲǷȻĻ졣
δңͬδҪͣ
ˣͲᰮˡ
һغɣϾݺʹңǣȴĺ࣬ΪʵҲһ˿Ժɡ
Ŷ룬ȴֹס˲
Ѿͣ˿ʮˣδϢѾǷ꣬ͣȥ̫ǳ飡һİ
üƵشƫƧʱġ
һŮ¶أˣ̫ˣ̫ôı飬ھȻΪͣ㲻Щʲô
ǲöͼĴ㡣˵úƶһҲ

ɽ3

㣬ʲô㣿ʣҵҲ֮ʵ˵ǲ֪ʲôŮţ鴫Ϊˣһʼ;֣ǲʲôڡ
ЦЦǺܺõʣûôȻһƸŵˣΪ̫Ҫɱ£ѾǾˡ
ǵ˼ǡ
ǣʣ
֣Ȼ䣬Ҵվԭأľһǰƿ˾̧ͷЩ޴ضסңҰ봹þȫʵô
վڲԶ£ǧ겻ɽ¡
ǣ
ԣңֻ׼С
ǡ
ұһ˿ЦǣõĳĬҲ˵Ҳ˵󴦵ڷ죬ǺȻѰ㿴󣬵ĿѩЦлص
Ҫ˺أҿˣȻü˵ǣãǣǲҪ˺裡
δôֿһ˿Ц۱ĵض˵һΪǸѪ˾ɷŮأ
ͣƳסң̫֮ӣռλǲɱѵλø𣿡
뵱ǱƵģ
޹أֻ֪ĵˣɱ̫һԪˡ
ԪˣǾôҪλôҪλ𣿣ҺȻŤͷݺݿҲңûһ˿飬ûһ˿
ĵسǰһ˲˲ؿң뵱𣿡
˼ػصұ
Ҿ۾ȴŵһҡͷܣܵģᵱģṬǵģڹô¶ôܻ뵱أҲţԲţں˵˵
һȥһԶȥͻȻޱȣµҪȡ֣׿ڴ˵κ顣
ֻǺȻ뵱ȥɣôһֶΪʲôΪʲôأ

ɽ4

ǺǺǣɵϡ
ɵЦŵڵϣȻʧȥ֧ţһɲǣҲ˿Լȥɡ
С˵ûɵϣɵϣҹȻɵĵһɵϡ
·û˵ʱһɵɵЦɵɵ˵Ωˮ£׼£
պȻӿ̼䣬ҹһ̹Ը𣬰ްȻƬա
Ƕ飡һУڲٿض飬챣
δ˵ֻ֣꣬ʾǲҪؿңòһ˿˵ɱôǣ
Цҡͷɱ㣬ɱˡ
ܣ
أ΢Ц
Ȼкɫǽҿ˻æʹֻҪѶΩʼգؿңһֱڿҡ
Ϥ֣ǧɲµ㼣ҸЩ㼣ɿرܣַһȥȹȼա
ֻǿȥǸطǸҳ͵ĵط׵ıӰԼ̫Ļ䣬̫ĻЦΣֻٿһۣ￪ʼһһضԼ˵
Ωʣһҵϣůůζ
Ȼſ˫֣һҵķͬʱӭ崣ѪŽ⣬֪˿ѿˣԾЦţӰ˷ܵЦš
ǲǺƯǰϲط¶ö۵Цݡ
֪ЩӮǣǱʱĹ߶ѣΪģط

̤ǰһ̤һȻס¶ԽԽңˡ
Ҳ˺С壬жж

С尡ĺܵҪȨҪλֻ̫Ϊ룬ֻҿģԣŻᱻƭȥ

Źô

Ҳȥ˺Ѿ˺̫ˣֲܿһ˵ĸоĺֲܿҲһ˱£ԣҵĺô
ô𣿡
𣿡
ô𣿡
𡭡
ûиκλشĻᣬҵѾڿն𣬷׷ɵȺͬҡҷĺɫ軨

ɽ5

ǡ
£Ц÷ϼһ˵ЦݣȻ̡
Ȼ֣ôԣô
ôأѳҰķʽ̽ҵ壬̽ҵ
ڷм׹ӽҪһˣûϵһлңݶңɽɽˮˮңҿǧǰŲ˵Ļ裬Ų˵Ĳݶ衣
ãʱң¶

Ȼľ۾ǣҿһ׵Ӱͬһɽ£ͬһײҵġ
֣ȴûɽ
ָҡ
֣أŬҪץסҡ
ָҡ
ȴǺȻ˵ʲôɵɵЦţͬײһ㣬ڷƮ㡣
ָңѾͷ㡭ָҡ
¶ʹı顣
ҾɵɵǾѾͷô
֪˷ͻȻХҵͬһֻů֣Ļ䣬ҲԵ󣬵Լм߾ĵϲ֪ʱ˺Ҷ뻨ݡ
ɽھô
Ҷ룬һůĻһ̣ವķҶֻǣһΣҲ׹䣬ǷͬҪƲĸ߸߷
رסңô̧ͷ۾ղŽҡѾͷô
ûпңƯڰգ㻹ûָҡ
ΪҺ£ңֻΪ˺С塭
˵ǣǲ㻹
ᣬΣǳ㲻ڵʱ򡣡
ôӽҪҴ粽룡
УǽӵıЦű۾
Ϊһ㣬ûǰҪһ飬Բòľ״²Ѿһƻʹĳ̽µϢ˵˵ĵڶ죬ǾǻһգҼ޸һ죬ʧˡ

ɽ6

ﾲ飬ǰĴԶŪɽżҲ᲻СһۣϸдעͣǣֻЩ¹ּ顣
ɴɫصض˵Уӡϻش̫ˣӡǳѺۣûĹ߸޲
ͷҲδ̧飺Ǿͽȥûзӡǻнô
ǣ塭üԹǵسҿ
ϵҰԣ޾ؿʼЦˡ
Įûʲôǣûʱ䵢ˡ
ǣףٶԡ
ȥͻȻ뵽ʲôͽֹסȵȡ
ɻʲôԸ
ƺľǷֿߣȽϰȫ
ǡ
ͷְĿƻСȥŵһҰܡ
ˡʧؿͷҲصڴߣƾ紵벻֪ҵһһ֪Ϊҷ飬ĵӳʧݡ
ƺľҹˣʱֻʣɡͺҡ˵ɽһЩ̫̽ӵˣǰЩҶ龪ǣ˵ݺݵصҡ
ڴǰһҰֻ᲻ɵ˰ԲκζЩҰڴôö˼į
Ҳ֪ҪȥĶȻҲܸҡɺͶһܵĵͼɽʮĵطиС򣬵Ƶߣ̫ͻܾˣ˵ΣյĵطȫĵطȴãͼӦô򵥡
ʱ˰ź·߾Ҳһ뿪ɽȻĸоطҿҲزˡ
ǣվϦʮˣǣǰڴֶֻ̨ӣȻĵĶԼ˵տ֣Ѿͷ
˼жңҡһʶͷȴŻӵĴ̨ѿտҲֻСɵ봰̨Զ֦ͷϿҡ
ٿͷĶɫƯɹ·Ž⣬ҽӵϼҲ˶ͣңԹԵضΪ׵˵

ɽ7

ٿͷĶɫƯɹ·Ž⣬ҽӵϼҲ˶ͣңԹԵضΪ׵˵
֨
лл
ĵضЦЦҽɹСУתߡ
ɽԵټˡ
Ӳӵ£Ҵ˸ӵĿдһ͸Цݡ
Ͳ֪ĶѰǰϳҺڳڣ֮ǰһ˿飬ӣǰǵμǣֻҽϲڳԿŴ⣬Ǵ羰жôˣֻǣҲҲ԰ģ
ؿڵ˺ʹһ·ÿһ¶ŻҾǲҵӣҺµԾĮ˵䣺ߡ
ӽƻʱڽСǰΪ˶ĿŪ˼ƽ·ҿûԼͷһƬںڣɵЩסˣңôˣ
ҡҡͷûʲôֻǾãͷʺ㡣
ҵ·Ҳʺ㡣˵꣬һһѩ׵ȹϡ
ҳɰ˲ջǵͷ·ӹһɲǣеĸо壬˵
֪ΪʲôҪðôΣսСΪڵ
һͿͷվŸ׳εӰһƿϵºͻ˾䣺
У
δ㣬˪δκӡǣò˷ĸԵĴ͡
ķһɲǣüסңľʱһţû뵽㻹
ҵӣһЦٿңԹߣȻų⺰;˾ˣɡ
һиģСкɵĻײײЦ⣬Цδ
ľôк϶Ū
һƽǣ˵ʱȫҸߡ
Ŷ֪һ򡣡
һЦҳܲ˽˼
ЦЦһڶػô
ǺãǻԻ˵ҪԴԹؿ
ǸΪˣһ
ǿ˵ģǻٳò
д⡣
Ǹĺӣ⼸껼бŷôѹ֣ڹȥնôȻ
кǻѽŷĸĸֻԼЦĴڣԣرסԡ
ȻԼѳһˣһ˵ֻǸ۶ĵĴڡ
ǣٶÿųѽлƣŮŮԼĽ֮˹ͻȻһ߰Ǻ«࣬Ǻ«ҪҪ
һң΢Ц

Ϧ1

ǲǵǸԼֻµѲȥ𡭡
ѾͷϦȥô
Ǻܾúܾǰ˵
˼ҿջסº˷Ҷסһ䷿ܿյڿŽ֣ܽ赽
£źָӵֵ⡢ͷǰִͣ£ǣԽ϶꽫ܹһϦ
űߵ죬վſڣôʵ
ͻˣû̫ҩ̶ҩ˶֣̫ȫͨԣҩ򲻳ˡ
ű߼ʵ۴ڴǰǾͱˣϴθժƤʣ
ʣüôܣҩӦպóꡣ
̫ˣɡ
չ˺õģȻܵһöȥЩҩһ
ˡֹǻŮָٶһȳ˿࣬㲻öģȥչðɡ
ǳǳһЦδٶתʱһҹӴⴵ˶䣬ֿ۴ⷿĴô
ҡͷûС
ü岻˴硣
ЦĿƻؽϣ°͵ûϵֻǣ
֪Ӻʱʼϲֵǵϵ֣ĵЦ˭϶ǴЦģȷ˵ǴСЦߣ²صһѱһѷĵ
ԣСϵĻЦҲŻϲЩʼţЦǿıģЦ˱üǿģǣһֱЦһֱЦš
ʱĲ˺嵭Ҳͨ嵭һǳϤ嵭ͬݵķʱʱζĲ˴ζأҪ˳̫ĿζһǵøյǵǼ켸ÿԼڲ˾͵úһˮʵʲȥ
ˣڷ￴飬ȳԡûʲôθڣ⣬ң⼸껹ĺô
һͷЦЦеĲιĻ˵޸ˣҾȣΪǸĵˡ

Ϧ2

ؿֿʼʹˣҪô
⼸óһֵĽֻۣҪʱҵ˿ھͻῪʼʹ
ҪºǣһϦˣͲһҹô
ҿգĬĬ󣬾֪ãҵδʵֹǣ˻ţܵøԼһЩϣǰɣ
㲢ҵĵĮһУҵ䳰ȷҲʱǲһСС𣬿Уޡ
Ҳ²£ǴʲôʱϲϾأӦúܾ˰ɣҼǵǰڹǵʱǾͺܺãǣãڻ㣬ߣ㵭ĮҴӲĵػһˣίԼԼ˺Լǣ治ϧ
滸ĨȥǵҸŨ۵ס
ҲôŻ۰ȫתҵϣǣҸлл㣬ģһůĵĻᣬ㣬£Ҷߵⲽء
̧ͷһ˲˲ؿ㣬Цң۵еҸҵġ
ǣĪֱ˶ȥԼֶĶòȥġȻסҡ
ǸоĿ⣬̧ͷȻ󣬿ֵĿ⿴ңڷ˵Щȫû񶨣ڹǵʱҲҵ֮ͬǣֵѹֵģиģ䵭ˡ
ǣͬأҲõĿ⿴
ĿڸңҺ㣬Ѳٻصȥˣô
δңһۣ£ǣҲþܵ˵ҴûҪûȥʲôǷģһỹ㣬Դڿʼ㲻ǿҺ粽룬ԷչӣúչĺӣҲӦ㣬ڰǷĶ֮ǰҲ
ӣҼЩ˷У赭д˵һ֣á΢üͷˣÿ࡭
ͬһٷͬһǻЦϢʵϰԼ˵ĸ룬ϸϸǰڹǵʱǹ¶ģˣһǱ̫ţǱԹֻʵڲټ£ҵļңںδ

Ϧ3

У극Һͻȥưɣǻգ׼ȥɽ
ºһЦá
ʹӸղһֱڿҵ֣ҵַڰ£뿴üͷЦ˵ϰֵԸ񶼺ܹƧǰţˣˡ
ſӵֺȻһңûùöϵôĪǣǹ
üݿĻţΪʱҵ֣ҪɱܿĿ⣬һˣôˣ
һûϵ
üøˣһ˲˲ؽסңѼֲȥӷ£뿪ɲǣͻȻץҵңȥĶ
ȥ
׼ȥ
ͷסֻ׼ӹգ׼ҡϦô
ûն˵ڣˣôֻԼʧ䡣
üվסңҲסӲ費Ҫ㣬˩˩
ܾĵģͬûвͫΣƫͷͬʱſҵ֡
ЦЦתɲ˵лл㡭ҵ˿
ͷȥǼЦĺڣƴڽʰ쵵ĻУģҲĵеʹ
ǵúܾǰںһδָӵʱֵСһ˾ʧؿ޹ΪһŮҵŻˣʶؽ
ȷʵǹ٣˵ǲģͬðĺֺʱ˵Ͽ̵ޣ˵˽ԵıӦԺ󣬶ڹŮе볰ȫûǣ˵ߣ˵԰ֻоΪѰ壬ֻ֪ҵԱ
С壬ڵأ֪طһûգһѹţô
ˣʱŻңģģ˽֪ô
ڽäĿߣ̯ϰźܶŮϲĶѡ֬ۡӣЩҪģֱһ졣

Ϧ4

ɵЦţߵǴԣһѺм䣬ҳԵصǡ
ҪǺ«𣿡ϲһԵӣЦеҡ
ͷĵЦ
ϲæȡ֧Ǻ«ңǮ
ҳһ£ûǮ
ϲһ㶣ǼܸаɣҪȥҵ㡣
ҡҡͷûˡ
أ
ûѡ
ʲô
һС
ʲôǺ«һҪģô棬㳤ز統ȥɣϲȻһһ߻װͰ͵ҡ
ֱ߳ԶվԭأһĿǺ«
һУңֻҪǺ«û˻ңûˡ
㣬ҪǺ«ôȹڱҵͷһ۾Ůվͷҡ
ҶƽӣҺҪ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊա
Ůҧҧ´ԼǺ«ҵһǮҲûô
źʼ磺ûУʲôҲûС
ŮüΪǮһ˵ģô
һ˲ִӻͳһɹô
СɹģŮĵسҴ󺰣ʧؽջأȴקסңһѽǺ«ǰȥɣ
һ㶣ǮģҲųԣ˵һæʤ߼ҽˡ
ЦˣҲ֪ʲôиô
֪˵측˶ǺˣҪˣҿ㲻ǻˣԲŰģȥɣ
Ǻ«شոңҴţΣǺ«ƻɽǻأбӦ˺ܶˣ㲻Ǻ«
Ůסˣɵɵصң΢ЦɹǰҿҸæôδͷҲδҡͷңֵôôСֵܲǮɵͻΪǿߴ󣬲ô
ŮɹңΪʲôԼ
ЦЦ̫໵£ܣˡ

Ϧ5

ŮкȻ¶˱ˣƬ̣ӹеɹУһǣ㵽ʱһҪҲýǻˣ㣬ֻǸ˵ˡ
Ůתˣָҡ
ˡ
ҶԭأŮȥķ򣬲֪ڿૣûз֣иˣҿ
ˣôܱأһֱЦŰﱯˣ˵һҲˣһҲû
˵תԭķߣԣŻתһɲǣײĿУͬĲͬ嵭⣬ͫһֱŵͫȻӳҵݡ
ĽͬԵʯͷڽС
ңң̰ظ仰һ˵һţҪͣ£Ҫͣ¡
ʮʱңؿô
סҡͷ
Цˣ֣ҵǰһ˲ǣסҵ֡
ʲô
ҾֵҪ֣ȴץס
Ϊʲôģ
ҡ
㣬Ὺô
סң
Цˣ㡣
תǣҵ֣ϣҲΪʲôҪ෴ķ򣬿ָоȴôϲͺ˳еʱУһߣһֱߣһػصǰʱС
ѾͷϦ㣬ô
áͬŰ˵˵Ļش𣬲֪ûУ磬ûлͷ㣬ûУ
Ѿͷڻش㰡
߹Ƶĵ̣ɽƽŮУЦЦҪôҡͷ
߹֬ķ̣Ů˷ܵΪԼѡһһ޺ױֿҡ
ҡͷ
ÿһΣĻҵĿýӴ֪ΪһֱճյؿֻôϲǣţôϲôϲȾ糾ıӰȻͻȻﵹӳҡ
ҲҪôҡ
һûзӦѰĿ⣬ǰǸǺ«
ûҵĻشǣǺ«ͷǰ֧Ǻ«

Ϧ6

ͷһ㶣ͻȻЦˣλˣҰɣˣҪǺ«ҵǺ«ֻӣ̣
ҾҪӣҲЦˣȾһ˿糾ЦݣһǺ«ԣֻ֪ǿĺӡ
ϵǺ«˸飬ô桭
ҵһ֧Ǻ«Цݣô
תǺ«ݸңңϲ
Ҿþò˵ͬ˵ǳ
ΪǾ͵ģԣ㲻Ҫ
ǡ
԰׵ЦЦΪʲô
սȭͷȻ̧ͷؿ۾ҲǺӣ
ͫκһ˿ҸˣҲǺӣҲǺӣ
ǡ
Цҵ̯Ǻ«Уָסҵָס
ôԼıôһأǾϲǲ֣ϲǲ֣
û˵
ãƲŶ÷ϲǲ֡
Ϊϲô
Ϊϲǲ֣ˡ
ҵʼ۾ʼᣬҲٿתͷǺ«
һˮͻȻǺ«ϣôҾġǣ꣬İ
ȺﱬԹ˿ʼŻؼң˿ʼ꣬ΩǣվڽͷͬʲôҲûз
ǣһֱ㣬ԻشôƮģ
ɵͷȥ
ˣңΪʲô꣬ɰİľؿڰºҾͻأ
ҽҧס´ҧغۺۣ
ңɱô
Ǻ«Уӣĺӣǣ΢΢һתȴعС
ȥĶôΪʲô겻أΪʲôҪأΪʲô뿪ǣΪʲôҪ£ΪʲôҪԼأΪʲôҪıԼΪʲôҪױΪʲôҪĲúչԼΪʲôҪԼôۣΪʲôΪʲôأ

Ϧ7

ҺȻס壬ͷ͵ظͣǣøȷңΪңô
Ҵסһңôô
ǣæУҼѵؼ֣Ϊ㲻黪㲻ܵģ黪ͲܵҲ㵱㲻õģ
ͬеƵŬظЩ
Ȼعסң黪˭أô
ҡͷͷ
ǣ˵ʵôΪʲôҿңΪʲôҪͷôͣ㾿ʲô㾿ҪԼʲôңҰ
ҡҵ壬֪Ҹȥ۾ôȥأҲ˵Ѱ۾Ҹ˵ѵҲʧȥġ
ǣҪ˫֣ôţô޴룬ֻСıץסҰèһҪӣҪӣֱͻȻ˿գֱ۽ǺȻһ죬Ȼ̧ͷһ˲ˮ֪һ꣬û꣬ǻҵͫµġ
Ȼ󣬡žһ
ͣһģǺ«ˤ˵ϣôࡣ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪΪǱסŻʧȥɣΪΪ뵱ΪҲһڹУΪΪܼįΪ֪ܻܻңΪΪЩʲôΪԼһԭԼɡ
ǣȴ˵뵱ģӲס
ͷһҲֻǶ˺ѣʵô˵ĳڣ
˱ͫʱ¶˲õЦݣ㿴ˤأô
ؿסңȴһ˲˲ؿǺ«
ˣŲҪأÿϧĶ׵ؾʧʧȥʱʹģԣҪң֪ô
ǡ
Ҫ˵ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣʲôҪңһϣһᣡͳͳҪٸңס䣬סϱˮ͵Ǻ«֪ʲôǲı仵ˣǲʲôԲŶЩģôԼĵ˶֮ģԣ֪𣿲ԣΪҪɱ㣬ûκοԣҶԼģҲޣҲԣҲҲǸˣҲˣ
κ˻Ҷôϣʱˣһˣǰһˡ
ǣûС

Ϧ8

ԣһֱЦôֻôңԣҪɫ·һ˵Լǻô
סվУоǰһƬڰ֣ҵס
ôңʲôأ
Դһ˿ʹģҡ
Ϊʲôϵˮ̵أ
˸һش𲻳⡣
ҿЦûشʲôأѵ˵ΪҵĻԣȻƭǧ˵ۣǰȴɲ˻ô
нŲԶ
ɵԴɵһٺзɸ봫˵ˣҪҪ̸ȥǶ
û˵

ִÿȻһ䡣
ǣΪҿޣҺܿġ
΢΢ͷ۽ǿԿվУ콾֮ƣͬǵ
ҴûҪٸʲôһҪף㾿ǷҶ٣ޣ֪ʵЩҺܿģڰЩ֮ǰûɣҪʲôֻзӣûѡΪǷҵģûңҪҡ
תȥ˵ǾȻģôȥҲǾȻġ
ЦˣԭҶˣˣΪǸԼεϦΪŶ¶ᡣ
ôðɣȻҲᰡ
ûпޣתȥıӰ˵ղģմµˮûпҿޣ
ͣ΢һͷδҡ
ߣǷһỹ㣬񳼷Ӿūҷ㣬ԺֻĹϵ
һȥΪǿҪǿֻҲлͻȻĻпį飬ҪȻıӰĵ׳룬ڳһ˿ʣʱ򣬰ȫʹԼ
ΪҲǣйκ䣬ʹֹҲԸ⡭

ԭ1

ڶ뿪СʱѷףңҲŻ˺¡
ʮ죬Բ֪ҪȥδŵңʮǰֻεڲԭʮֻڹǣȥķҸ治壬ҲʣҲңαûȤҪ顣
ЦŬЦ
ЦŶԸȴԸŪҩĶ˵ллȻøĪĿҡ
Цһ׼ʳҴûЩ֪ҪȼշҪϴס
ЦŽеҩ·ĶȻװɺȫӡ
ѽϤԼϣһЦˣЦŽ뻨˵ҲΪδδֹʱͷȥῴ۾
Ҿȥע
˵ӣ
ͬʱЦøӲãƵֻøЦ֤ԼĮĲ⡣
ԣܶЦȴûз֣ΩҲԡ
Ϧҹ㲻Ҷ໰еЦⶼͻļˡ
ǰϰԵڴߣŴķ羰֣ԾץסǰĽңסŵҵļˣĸͫ꣬Ƕҵ䰮ϧҵҲůůЦ⡣
ôΪһһֱЦȥǰһ̣ҲҪЦݡǼ죬ʱʱ̫׷һֱδõѼĹеҵЦδȥЦôôŬŴ⣬ȴ֪ڿʲô羰
ԣͻȻÿǰʱҲŻᾪޱȣ

ȷʵͬ΢Ѭķ磬Ծǰӡҵʹ꣬ɲȥӡǡ
۾ҵĸ磬۾
ЦЦҪصظˡ
ף£ǳӦõģ
ˣǳɳԵôԭĶŵͫһְĸ㣬űףͷü΢΢ţǷ壬ǹµ塣
ҺȻףǰô
ǸоҵĿ⣬üͻȻ̧ͷҡ

ԭ2

һţæͷƲһֿʱһֻǸʮĺӣʮ꣬ûǵҵӣҶ飬ңú޲ǲŶԡ
ǣתסŪ𻸶ǻѰҵı鿴һǬ
оĿ⣬̧ͷȴ̧ͷɲǣĮƿߣת۾ϻĿɺãһ˳ʲôɡ
ᣬѰ׵
ҿԷǳȷţ۾ڻشʱ۾һֱҵϡ
ĵصͷǾͺãô
ǵġ²ݸ
￴һۣȻϺõļҩҩҩһӣתңҩݵǰô
Ҵסδҩס۾Ц⣬ЦǼȴûмϡ
ҩҵֽҵָץסҩȥллôҡ
Ұͷ͵غܵͣҩקúܽؿڣڽϣϤĲԭҩ㣬΢΢Ƕų׵ллү
ôƺδлֱҵ֡
˫һޱ۾Ҫҵ
ҡû֡˵Ǿ仰һ̣˶ȻĪؿңΩΣֵķ羰
ô۾ЦЦǴû棬ô
һ˲ͷ
ǣҲûмˣô
ҺҧסԼ´ӱó鴤ͷ¡
Ҳͷˣ΢΢һЦ΢ףתëڰǾվδߵĲͷ˶ΪˣΪϸղŨıͻȻȫȥȴûһ˷֣һ˲˲ضβͣеı֮ԵȥΪ串ˣЩΪҳȥϧβ͵ĵƤ䣬ͫô
ô˭أȻͬ΢ѬβʣһȻһʶذͷתҲڴʱץסһ㣬Ȼͷңô˭أ

ԭ3

ü
ǣȻ㣡
ҿ˵仰ʱץëͻȻһֺγǣץҩѾ˺
ǱɽѹѾõȪһ㣬ЩĻ䣬ͬȪ㿪ʼůҵ塣
һμʱɵɵҪԼܰһ˵ǱҺ־ȴںϣ黪ĹңǿҲ˵Ƕң۷ʲô£Ҷ˺㡣
ǣȴ˵ŵֻҲվڵλãɱ̵顭
ҵǣ۾˵þò
ҲңŻ汻һϨ𣺡ǺǣþòֻһҪ˵
ǣ¶ɫҪ˵ʲôأôɲԣҲõЦš
ûЦסҵ۾ޱ飺⻰㡣ؿڵˡ
лȻһ˿ʹ⣬ҺȻôģûأҺܺáǣ¶ҫ۵Цݣͬйâҵ壬ͬʱҵȴ΢΢ǰȥһϹлл㣬ôҡ
ͻȻĵģͬҲǾĵشдŷݵһֱŴҾһֱûзԼѽ˲ԭѵΪҵĲԣҲհһƬô
۾ʲôҲ˵ˣ֪ڿңĿôأôصѹҵϣȻۿʼˣӿʼˣѽ⣬ҿˣ˵Ҳ䲻κǰңҪˡ
ûϵҿԱ۾κζһǾŹģû˿Կҵı飬ûˡ
ҶˡΣú˵ˡ
Ҿ֪Ϲĺ壬˲ǵ۾һôϸ塣
޷׿˵ԣֻҵĶ˵˵ĶԶ֮ϾԶˣΪ˵ûҲûҴ֪ңҴɱô໵飬ҪǣѲ͵ķѾͷˡ
۾ߵǰǰغ򣬹ǰ¾Ͱȫˡ

ԭ4

û˵ֻ΢ͷһǰ
۾ǰ棬˵ǰ棬ߵ죬Ǹûйٻͷһ㡣
һ䣬ıӰЦˡ
ǰһ޼ʵĲԭܼţ򣬶Ȼǰһ£һ߸ߵĲ£һֹεĲ¡
ǵúܾúܾǰվôһˣһվͷվΨһԿȥĵطžȻȥңʱʲôأҲֻ֪ǵõԼվͷʱѹŬֻ֣Ϊ˸Ҳģ۾磬Ҵġ
ڣˣô
ǰΪѳֵ۾ʿǣ۾ûжŲ£һ
ҲûжҲŲ£һ
ٿŴ⣬תҡ
үôˣͷԱȽϳٶۣȫΪʲô۾ôͻȻаƵزˡ
ͻȻ˶Ӧʱ̣ҿ۾תһصҡ

֣òݷ˵
һǱŵģҲ֣ɾڸо¶ȵһɲǣҺˣҾˣˡ
Ļᡪһץסңô󵽽˴ӳקȥǶҵĳǶˡ
ͻȻôıסңҰؿڣһ̾ͻữˣʧˣˡ
Ҳˣһˣ
ʱͻȻͿˣɵ˵仰ʱֿĵЦˣͻȻ䣬ٱԶҲȻˡ
۾硭
ڣڡɳˡ
ǣҵҲɳˣ㻹Ҫҵģô
رסҡ
Ƕ˺ܶ໵£Ƕ˺𾴵ˣǶ黪Ƕ˻ˣʹ㻹ǻҪҵģô
Һ۰ԽԽˡ
㲻᲻Ҫҵģô
ˮʼʡ
Ƕм˵ģôǶһ˵ģǶҲˣҲˣҪ³ǶôҪҪңô
ҿ󣬽§סĲƿңҪң𱸵˵֪Լˣ֪ˣҰȥ֪꣬𣿷Ѿͷ

ԭ5

ȻˮȻ£ڵõԭ¶ĵĺӣ۰һ
ôĲԭȫصҵĿô˵棬ôݶ棬վǿˡ
Ҳ֪һҪȥĵطϻģ鱻̫ƺԭ׼һ˾ͰѸݵƵϻģ۾ģ۾˵õļҩУǡ
ֻ仰۾µ˵ˣԣʹҳˣòô࣬ڵһ۱ϳң˵Ҳʶûм˵ʱŻôһʱңֱǸ£Ǹҵĵط֪ҲûбȳǶĵˡ
ȴʼ벻ףǴʲôʱʼ֪İѶ͸ҵҩȫأǣһֱĮô
иСۣյͷȥѲǵһǻʿˣԴһ󣬾ʿңҪʲôְĳЩԭ޷ڡ
ôڷҩˣ۾Ҷҩλû⼱ˡ
һôôͻˣ㲻ȥô
ֻһˣʱûˣȻģüֲ˾䣬ҩ
סĬͷ£۾ңǲʲô˵׽ҩǸ˭Ҫôʦô
ǵľʦ˵˶٣ҵǶˣȥһͲˡ
ȻͣסĶҩߵذô
۾ͷ˵ҪȥϱǶܰ
ЦˣǾͺá
ʹ⣬ҵͷһǷҩԣҩˣǡ
̧һ˲ȻЦȳǣٺҩòã
ãϹĵȫƭˣҩûԣҩ˲ܺӲûԳɡ˵߰ҩǰ
㬵ͷѽǵѽôʲôѽ
ΪǳǶ飬Բôҩ˰ɡ赭дض˵
ûнӹҩ§סĲĶ䣬˵۾磬Ƕһֱ㣬ء

ԭ6

ǼȻˣ֪ô㣬ΪʲôúչԼΪʲôҪԼ̣ΪʲôҪа㵣ģ
§Ĭһ˲ګګ۾磬Ҵˡ
ӦңҪЩ
Щ
Ҫǰġ
ǰģ
׼뿪ˡ
Ҳ뿪ˣ
оĵЦˣǣҲЦˣ֪ʱһиģһƿܵڣһ㵵һǲҪҩ̫ˣҲҪԣԲԲԾǲԣߣ
ʹ˸ۣһ̴ܳɽǶһǣɰͬ׷Һҩʱֵ۾׷ңЧǺǰһĶǣӪʱʿǶĿͶЩϵҵϱһЦˣӪ￪໳ɵЦݣҿЦھӪصôô
۾簡ΣǳǶԣǳǶҪƭ㣬ǣǶòˣѾ̫ǶˣǣǶȲسǶǶ뿴ڳǶһһʹԼΪʲôøõҩΪʲôѰõҽ
ԣҩǶʵڲĺȣǶֻ룬ȥԭ򶼹̸ԼðҵЩ˳е
ȻײһůĻһȻһֹסҵ壬΢΢Ц⡣
۾Ƕ㡭ʱ
Цˣŵ۾סҵϳҩô
۾ҵĲεǵԣӪܡ
ЦŨˣҩյߵδ̧һ˲˲صҲսҵĶϵˣԼ˵ҪҵģҸµĵһȡҩ
һӦʱ̣ѽӲҴǿһڣ̫ˣȴӲҰţȹ⣬Ҫף

ԭ7

ұߺȱ߷߷ߵЦԽգþûıˣǿԣ˽ҩж࣬ʱЩظʡ
Ƥͷ棬ȷ
ӦûЦôģ
ӹ۾ǣҰתߣ˭֪ת֮һ˿Ϲ⻮۽ǣǴôüȻҲδҴ˾٣ʶһԴǣҸؿˣͬʱΪ֮һһǰŭӫ󣡡
ڡ
겻һħЦͫ˿ԶͬӯϮӣ»ҫ۵޷ֱӡ
ЦӯӯؿңǸñϳǼô£ȷе˵֪ᱻϳ֪ˣΪβܡ
ͻȻбıֱס۾ô
ľʦǣͷһЦ¶аЦ⡣
ʦĲͷ۾Ǹľʦ
۾ΪͻȻôҵ˵ͷסͻȻ󺰵ԣ̫ľʦ̫ˣôǵľʦ
ں˵ʲôӫĻ类ЫĳŮɱˣĻлվǰһŭҡ
Ҳŭֻʲô˼ʲôΪĻ׶ʲô
ûʲôӫ˶͵Ļش𣬵Ц˵ҲǸǣ°ľܻ
㣡
һǣ㲢֪£ԣȫ˻ȥֱһ죬㹻ʵٳ̫ǰ
㣡
ңľʦľʦΪľǰĽɽ㣬̫ĻŮֶĽɽ
䣬ͬʱﱬ˶㵲ֻ۾һǶȴʹȫҲ޷Ұ֡

ԭ8

бɨˣȷʵǶûɺ;ֵĿңǣںЩں˻ɣͲԼߵһز
ǣһֻ꣬ɫӰһϣĻɫϡ顱ײһ
俪ʼŰҵ֣ĵʹհҵࡣ˿ںЩٻǿĹ꣬ǱҵѹܺӫȴЦطģĵɱŨҲŨ
ǣһӭͬϮ顣
ǡ飡һˣһϣ

ܺ
ͻȻ԰׵ˣͬʱֵôʹٺãôܵĳ
ջȥתֱסңҲ廹飬ջȥ
ҺȻסɫҰףȻջ飬ɲǣӫҲЦŽջأһȫ壬ƺһŻѪ

СǰסѳӰУû°ɣѴȥаΧ˼Ӧܳȥоҽ
˼Ż˼ѪҺȻ޴ŻѪֹ˵ûƭˣ̫ˣûƭˡ
ͷϢţƬ̣Ҳδң˵ȥ
Ҵסһ
һʿȺг˳ͨǰŮȥĽʿͻ꣡
һɺȵѾ˵²׼𣡸ȥ
ΪŮɱ̫˷ˣΪ̫ĵϻģԮãǸôֵսǻŮǷǵģֻҪΪԹȥֵͳ꣬ʲôֵģ
ԣԣԣ
Ůͻ꣡Ůͻ꣡

ԭ9

Ҳǲ֪ǻ˺ܶԹ꣬ɢȥƲõӡ֤ο⼸Ҽû򿪹ֻ֮ţΪͻҪ̫飬ô˷
ǾղӫĶƴǸȷҵԲŻᵱ汬
ȥ
Ҳס۾
أȥüȻ۾ȥﲻ׼
۾סԥһ˲ҵ֣һҧ˶ʱͻȻתӪҸͻ꣡þеҶžӪʿģǷ˼ҶǷǵģҰҲỹǣ
仰ȫǳ˵ġ
ƿͻȻվסң̬Ļɵסƣ
֪ˣЦˡ
ǲңҲţšƮųԼ⣬κ˶
ЦŽϣͬչſ˫֡
ͻȻƹɷ֡
Ȼ𣬷˷۵ķ罫ڿ
ͻȻԾգϵĺͬ軨ٿŭڷ磬ôǣôģ·һ죬ʱ౻һ̣Ϣ
Ʋ㿪ʼӿԹɫƳžʱѳ˶俪תڰա
࿪ʼתɫİΧ£תת죬һƿճľͷͬͻȻһ㻮һڣӶرڡ
ͬʱƲ㽥䵭һǸֱסȫʱԹȫʧͬձϴ㴿峺ز˼顣
ʿЦˡ
ǣҲЦˡ
վǵм䣬ҵĺͬͻȻʧȥ䡣
ǲֻܴ֮ŵģÿһΣͻŰҸܲסĵزǣҲֽһ

ԭ10

ǣҵ׻ˣԼֻңһҡ
䵽ϣҿ۾Ѿվǰ۾ҿͬһѪɫԼ
޴ؿңʲôҸæЦ˵۾磬ֻˣ˯ᣬҪ񡣡
á
ͷңҵı䣬ҲƿԼ߼һġڵĲʱ˵ȥ顱һ·
ҿЦԹͷˣôصĺ
۾סҪңͻȻֹ˲ΪҵǰѶһӰ

ͷվڹģͬôˣᣬ˿
˿ͻȻĵЦˣûʲôֻǣ߲ˡ
ʲô߲ˡˡ
վˣȲҵĻˡЦŽ֪ͣԽЦ˿ͻŨҡ
ȻңɲСҵ֣ͻȻ鴤һæСĵأڱֵܿ״½ұ
ĻˣҺȻζֵõģ٣ܱˡ
磬Ҹղÿôֽл磬ֻ֪ͻȻôֻٲУûˣ磬ɣ뿴㡣
㿴ôʼˡ
Һÿģֻǿ塣
˵ˣе㼱ˣ磬ʲôıأǲǻղأֱ֪ʲôǽСҲ㡯Сһ㡯С
˵ˣҴȥ򡣡
ȥβõġ
֪
֪
üͻȻòԾʶԼ󣬹Ȼûˣжˣжˣ
𿴣׼ҺȻʼҪĻȥԼª֡

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ȴرסң˵𶯣𶯣֪һʹÿһ¶ʹ𶯡
𿴣𿴣ܳҲҪ㿴㲻Ҫȥһ۾壬Ҹȷš
һиоܸоҵͷؿڣһΪҶصѹ̫ʹ࣬ÿһ¶ôࡣ
ǴʲôʱʼģǸ䣬Ӻ֪ˣô
Ҳ˵ͷı䡣
ɱҵһҹ֪ô֪ˣԲɱҵİľɱңôΪ̣Լô
ͻȻкʹˮ䣬Ŭҡͷǣûйϵûйϵġ
Ϊ˭
˭ұסֺѰϣ˵黪Ϊ黪ɱ㣬ȻŷݣûйϵûС
ŬҪ˵ȴ֪ôҪ˵˵Ҹ߱һ˵
˵Ϊ黪ô黪˭أ㵱ȫ˵˵û黪ô˵Ǹ黪˭أ
סҶ˵ΪʲôҪƭأôƭˣƭҡ
˵⻰ʱѾ˻ˣɻǴһ˿Ц⣬ԳЦ⡣
һͳȥˣһ磬ûл
۾˵ʱϻģʱҲʱʱһ˳ȥѼֲ֣ºͻȻ˵Ҫ뿪ֻ۾һ׼̫󣬶ȥɣû֪
ֱǰһӣơľͶͱնн̫ƽ׼ʽΪʱֳֻ֣гȥϻıѣԼһͬǰȥӪǡ
۾ûٶ£ʱԶЦŵģҶ¶Ц
˰ʱˣֱӽҵ
ҵ۾ûָֻܴһƬбˡ

й2

ҵ۾ûָֻܴһƬбˡ
Щôǿңġ
ͷ
£Ĭ˺ܾòŶ˵ǣˣ޷ԭ㡣
һ䣬ͷЦˣȥĶˣΪʲôֱشǰĮˣ
ֻĸоûбǣΪж˽ңΪҲ뵱ΪҪɣȻȫ黪ȫ黪˸ܿ࣬û֪ЩһᱳΪһܿĺܸж𣿡
ס˵ЩʲôԼǣԴȴһƬհף
ҪϧĶҪ飬ʱ䲻ܵ˭ҲزȥǣԼΪҶ黪Լѡ񣬸Ҫκ򱣻ǰҪҪ
ֱסңͬĿһ
ɵͷԼ֣Դججȫ
ʵӺǰҾ֪Լˡ
뵱ģʼղҳ㣬ֻǺܺ£ԼЩ֧ŵһ־磬־ĴۣѱƵ޷κ顣
ѵſ˿˵ҡ鷳ô̧ͷ۾壬Ҳ֪ԼǷҲǣһǾǿǣҪϧĶҶ㣬ǲļˣʲôҲǣ̫̫˽˵Ƿ˻زȥˣһֱ漣ĴҵػһģһǿԻصߵģҴˡ
ƲԼģƽһ˿ҲûС
ҿʼеҿı飬ҿĻһűı飬һǿҲյġ
һЦϹһϲĹҪǸҸ鷳ĽɽҰ黪ƽ˻ӣҸ˽㣬һҲ˽⣬ԣģԺһٺκιϸһԼ

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ۣžવҵֱϣǿģΪҷ˵ɲǣѾ뿪ˡ
״ǰʧһƬĶҵָ϶
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ֱ۾ָҲָ֪϶ĶʲôһƬҶķҶʶķҶ
ǵĹϵֻصĮȻȫͶڷҵûԼκϢʱ䣬ʹˣҲȥ㣬ʱЦȻġ
ҲԼȥԭϼӥǲԭֻ߶һȺСӥУǰͳ˧ʱӢԵһƬĸӥΪ˵ģҲףǰֻ˴µӣҲܻˡ
䣬һֵĴԣ˵˺صĲΪ˿ȥʱɫ԰׵ˣ·һ㡣
֪һǼٵģɫҰ׵ҲŶԣʱ˵Ŀ˾Ȼûʻˣô˵ôɫҰأ
ܵġ
٣㻳ˣǼµһŰѵĴӣһԱ߲ʿ
ѺЦؿңôһĺӣ
ǲǣæҡͷ۾ʲôûңÿȥĶˣֻ˵ŮھӪ㣬סȥˣԭνġ㡯
ҿѲ˼ˣҵĶͷѾͷʲôأ
ҺһЦӵҿô
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üŬо˻ᣬѵһֱиӣ˵δΪңֱ⼸꣬ˣٲˣŴӦһһ

й4

̾˿ɵ磡ҺһҪʲôʱأ
ҡͷǽŻӣȻΪء
ЦЦΪأôôأʼҵ͵˵˾䣬û壬಻壬æҪкŮ
¶Ц⣬ҵҪŮһŮ
ͻȻ˷ŮðҲǰɡ
ЦˣǼˣ˭ֵѽ
æЦҡҡͷŲأʱ˵Ѿ
ģȻңһῴ󣬳ɺһƯŮһġ
˵ϻսºܽзͼѹֵ۾᲻ԸѼסӪصǰΪ֪飬Բżһ档
ѸҵķǶǧ뿪ˣ㲻֪⼸жʹ࣬ȥӻܣϻĵս£̫ıȣ꣬ʧȥˡ
ѼңΪ۾һеŮˣ˵ʵеĽ
һ뿪ǣ§סĲ˼䣬ѵĶӵСѾͷҪҹԵ㣬һҪҿ㳤ʲô
һЦ˳
Ц䣬һ΢һֽˣˣ
ѿЦһУ⻰˵ƻŮ˵⻰ѽ

˵
ˣֶŮˡ
Ҵһ£ɫȹ˵Ϯҹ㱻ҲΧѱıǰķֻصҵ壬ż۽һῴڲʿĵ۾΢Цسҿ⿴һۣѸٽĿĵط

й5

ѻسǣҪ˺Զֱܼǳˣٲ߾͸ϲɫǰؾӪΪӲ˻ȥԶԶվڳǰʾҿأҲŰת뿪
߹һ£Ҿͣˣ̧ͷӭӰЦˣ֪ӫ󡣡
ӫվڲͷͬЦӯӯģһƬѪɫϼ⣬һ̾Ǹȵţڣö˶˵ϦҲŹ
Դͻ޶˵һ仰˴ͬİ·ֻûԷ֪ңҪֻһûڳĵطѻȥõʱ
ûˣ˵ʵ˰ɡߣδ
ЦЦһ˲˲ؿңһֱ˵ʵǣ̫ľʦҲľʦ
ߣıߣıߣ
Ȼ̫󣬺Цͯۡ
ü㾿˭ĳ̫ʵھþȺǣ
գգ۾Ҿ˭ⲻܻشءܣЦһ˲ֵһҵ˵Ϊ̫һҷǳҪĶԣҲŴӦǳ
ҵʲô
ȵЦ
üܣ
Ҫʲôʲô
ʲô
æˬ죬һʱ͸Ǽ١
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ӫҡҡָǰ
ΪʲôҪһꡣ
ΪҸһ겢黪
ȥĶˣ
ܣ
ȥʲô
ȥȷһ顣
ʲô£
ܣ
Ұ̾һЦеģڷȴһؽüסҼʣ̫ĸԾԲţô㣬Ҫɱ練ƣΪʲôҪ߶꣬˾ʦ
һ˲ʲôܰɣ
ŲᣡֲҪĶŲ䵱ҵܣһۣ㬵̫Ҫǰ

й6

һæѵ̫ô
ӫʼ磺̫λ죬Ҫ׼ˣ⼸̫õһֱöѾϵ黪ɷϵκλȨ塣
ԺЦ˳
Ǹ̫Ϊ黪ȴһöʼճɲ黪ˡ
ѹ֣ôűƾ赱ˡ
ۣ˾ɣȻ̫ҲӦ֪µģԣͷβԼɢԻŵҥԣǱļı֪Ҷñ֪Իŵʵþ赱Ҳ֪ңԣҶΪ˻ƭ赱پλסˣԾΪΪķһһͲвˣǲǣ
ӫЦеص˵ͷǡ
Цû뵽ǣ边᲻һҪȢΪ󣬶Ҳʼղ黪Ůǲõģ黪ֱӵ׻ᱻ˵αһţջ뵽̫ơľͶҾͲˣôôһǣΪصĸһ֪ԼĳֶΪ黪Ȼ󲨣αðգ
Ϊ̫ҪɱǶ֮ӣʦɽʱз֮⣬ûҪˣҪǣҡҡʳָŪˣĲˣǡ㣡
ң۾š
ӫЦЦȷ˵ǣ㣬Һα̫ɱ㣿ˣһʵټӸӡ㹻ֻеΣʱŻΪò
סͻȻؼ죬һ˲־òԣæʣΪʲôҪֻΪ㰵нҲУ黪ֻ֪ᶯҡģòһô

й7

ӫ°ͣҵĿģܣ
һЦֵȻ̫Ҳ̫Ŀģһ޸裬ҲòΪˣô˻ɱãԾȷڰǰֻðձز̫Ǹϲնݳˣһղһղһ֮ǰӵǼ֪꣬ţ˶Ƿɢ黪ϵپɵݽɣû֪Ķң
ԣǾ˶ۼһ̫ô˻һ򾡣߼̽䡣
û˵ʵôӻù㲻ãӫԹؿһۣҸֻ黪û뵽ǰļ䣬ðľթ̫ʧȥʱҲǺ˺öʷ֪Ŀģ濴Դͦʹֻϧ˼Ҹ顣
˴ݺݵ޹ЦЦһû˵ӡ
ĿƿʲôҶûȤ
Ϊʽô
ΪҲм
мǡӫЦߣϳʮаȵЦңǲʲŶԡ
Ϧޱ飬ָ΢ȴطһ顣
ӫӭˣЦ΢УЦøӱ⣺Ϊô࣬ϧ̫ΪУϧȫΪУϧİľ赱ӣϧźױϧԣأֻͻһ䣬ǣһ޷ԭ㣬Ϊж˽ң⻰ŶĺҾͲţһ㲨ûС
һ¶ɫ
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ɫһЦˣֿ֪̫׼ϻκԮã
ҧأ١
۾һʲôҲûиɣ֪ԭǣ˵㵱Ϊ˷ɲŴɱֵһزѱ㲻һ֮Ͷ̫㿼ǵôҪĻܸأ

й8

һ£ؿͻȻƵġ
ǣ㲻Ǹˣ۾ʲôҲ㣬ҲĳйϻĻʲô³
΢΢ü⼸δ̤黪벽Ҳϻش죬߿ʵ൱ϻʤһСټӸϻʸֵסֻУϻȫ
ֻȫȫӫȻҵ۾Ц˿̡
Ҳüͷġ
ҲǳռôȻΪһ·ôȣռΣﲻΣգԣ̫ȥɱҲȻ˵˴˸Ƿˡ
һЦǺǣȫ黪ǿˣ˵ռϻλᰲȻȽأ
ܣӫ񶨣عǣȴЦԽƯ֪ǿҲռһ¡ͻȻסսңҵĶߵǾ֮˼֮صˣԣϻĵս£δǷλЩͳͳռֻҪš
˵˴Ȼ˵ˣתҵ۾֪񰮵˭ϧ˭
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ӫҸұ֤۾ļˣϧˣȫֻҪϰҡ
ȼһ˿ԣͻȻǵصİͫͬʱȻһЦңʹñɱסǵЦ˿ҵĶˡ
ΣʵܶģΪβȥĺ֪Ķ
ü⣬һشôҶĵ˻ʲôˣ
Ƴһۣסߺҹξã಻˵ЦеվߣƬ̣ǳʱҿˣ˵ɣҰʲô
Цˣҹѷ׷ɡ۷Ʈò次

й9

ʼղôһ欵˾ӺζȻ˵Լˣɴδκһӵе۷ɫ黪ûУô˭
ӥһҹڶ峿񣬼Χڰ£һҹδ˯϶ƣ
ȡŸϵֽת񣺡̽Ϣٳʮ򣡡
ʮ򣿡۾㵣һ˲ʣ֪ȷеӪλ𣿡
ûУɫصҡҡͷֻ֪Ƕǲɽɽƴ۸ӡҶï޷ҵǵȷλãɳȥ̽Ҳȥ޻أɽߣлɳˣ
ɽϻ֮䣬ϻģعɽ֦Ҷï˵ΪȻڷ
İ𣬴ȵһȺֳ֣ˬ죬ŲʲôӢۺú
ǣںǵ˭ȳס˭䡣
ԣһ
ת۾ϻĻжٱʳ
۾æʳֻʮա
ʮգ֮ڱرƹʮӦܳŶʱ䣬˱ʱĿȻᶨ۾ȰѲԭȫǨڣҪ죬ڱɣľ붫ʿϣ컹ܴʱʮʮδػ䣡ΣҪŹʮգ
ʮ֮أʡ
ԣа취
ɵһϹ黪أ
ҡͷᣬкϹ֮⣬αضɽУóɽˡ
Ե˵ͷ۾¶ɫǲ֪ӪĶɽڶ࣬ɢĻʮֲ
ͷɽ࣬ʮ˵ĳֻĸ֪Ǳ٣һɢǷֱסĸڣһж֧Ԯ
ǣæӦ
ףǳǳһЦȥ޻أǡ

й10

δ˵꣬ʴϣһգκҲ̤黪һ
ı飬Ļ飬飬ֻǲȺܰºߵ˺ʱףЩȴֱˣġ
ȥתסңǣҲѰĿ⣬ղŻ׳־վôҴɢˡ
۾һߣԴ𱸵صǶȥĶˣһҹû
ƤһЦŵӥûƤأұ֤
תоͼһĮȻпЦֱߵǰϻİͼͼϵɫӡ
ǰڵʱҲͼԿϻİͼҶԲİʱúӪָ黪ԼôðĻ졭
ָôתתδңһ˲̧ҡ
ЦЦ۾Ƕ֣ȥ
ҿһۣδ𻰣ɨ۰ͼƬ̣嵽ɽĩɭִľӪ
һ۾ңô֪
Ҷ˵ûȥƤ°ͣ¶˵ЦӥĳȥģһҹأһдתֵŲ㡣
˰ĿⶼͶüҰΣ㡭
ҲҪ㣬ϵҪ˵ʲôҵЦһŪ̫֮ԲԮȫΪ㣬Ϊ㻹ţҪȴҪȫϻᣬֻ֮Ҫ㣬ϻľ͵þˡ
Ƕ۾סڡ
ҷݿЦ䣺֪һ۾㿴ıʲôأأѽأأҪȵҵļˣ㣬ҪҲҲҵļ˳κ顣
Ȼؿ£˵ֱֱӣ֪ηӦƬ̣˳Ĭ˵ȳΪ̽ӥַͬ࣬ɵظԶױ䣬ǵӥǱѰǲԭ׽鱨š

й11

ҲŵͷϾ³˭ҲϾ˼ǰԹһ˲˲ؽסңʵϮ֮ǻܣô֪ģ
һ䣬ǿǣڻǻô㻹ǲҡ
üĿƿ
Ц̾˿컺ɽУ˵Ҳʧȥκˣʧȥ𡣡
תȥǰȻȥҴֻԴģҹΪҾӪڣҺӥæ񣬸˵˵ˣˣˣ˯ˣҲ˯ˡ
ɷѱƿ̧ӫվ棬һ˲һƹҽ񣺡оˡ֣Ķ
üʣƺľˣ
ǡӫЦ
æʣǣѵǴܶ
ֻ򣬡ӫҡҡʳָǣǴˡ̫Ԯ
˵̫Ԯ⼸ʱͻȻذתңʶһ󾯾ЦԽ죬ȻһԭһƬհ׵Ժһµͷ
ͻȻһֽæ⣬˹Ϊ׵ľһֻ޴
ľͬʱ֪ʱߵߵס
ԵͷˣĿҲʲô
ľһۣ¶ɫ
ӫЦӯӯشм˹ȥͣ£ǲһ˵ܹȡϻǧĳǡЦţϵĲһ㡢һ㻺£Ծʦݱ֤̫ԮǲҲˡ
˵ƵģȴȫӪ˶˷ܼ
Ӫʱһ󻶺ΪԮΪƺľĹȴֻҵһ棬汻𣬵ס⣬ͷڶģԼɼһģĺӰڽ䣬ǸӰǸˡ

й12

һɷ˴Ӳԭͷҵ壬ķȻҵĶϣදͬȪˮĶ㯡
ǣǰһǰһ
Ƕôˣ۾ҡ
ҺȻʹȫѪҺǱһҵ壬壬ʼ۾סңҿгճյ૳һ֣С塭
ǣҵ㡭
뿪ʱ¶Цݣ峿ıᡭ
С塭С塭ãȻ첽ȥȴӫĵЦ⣬ͻȻһŨ
ȫ£ƯڿУ䵽˵ϡ
ǣӿͻȻһĴӶ㣬㶼Ӳ䣬վˣӽ価һţ﷢Ұ˷ŭʱ
ҵؿͬ˺ݴһ£ȫȻհףʣô£
æڻ·ץסģ
ͲסˣԽԽ꣬ԽԽңȻѣܵߣӫЪ˹غڸʲôû¹𣿣û¹𡪡
ľһסңǣ¹⣬ᷢʧˣˣ
Ҳܣƿκ飬ֻ֪ܣ⣡ų׼׼
У˹ᷢ񣬻ɱˣǸľһڻؾ
С岻ǹ
ǣʧĵ䣬ڲСˣ
׼˵ǹұ죡
ھǸ
С岻ǹǲǲǣס䣬Ըȥκδ˵ʵȻڵϣǱ˰㣬С岻ǹǱҺġǱҺġҲǹҲǰ
ԭϺȻûһ˿ֻҵĿ;һ
֪˶ãӫͷô
ֹͣͷݺݶס欵Ц⣺ǣɡ
ӫ󣡡ľû꣬ѱӫ򿪡
֧һԶԿȥҹڵϣͷǸӰȻӰȻһǸоʲôһ㣬̧ͷҿ

й13

С塭֣С塭
û˸˵û˸ҶҶ¾һ̾ͻΪɱ˲գ۵Ķħ
ֻңᣬЦһ㿿쳤ҵ֣ͬǰͬϰĺʱʹ
С壬С塭Ц֣ЦŻ̫֣Ȼ󣬿һֶһҸˣҲˡ
ͻȻһŭ𣬼˭ҲӦʱ̣ʱĿ¶׹⣬ҵסһ˫ɱͨ˫ۣǰûо㵣ֻʹ
顪
һ죬ǰſһϣ紵ҵͷͬմǳ˿Ʈҵǰ
Ҫɱ˭裡
ôô䣬ȴΨһľꡣ˶㵵޷Ӧʱ̣ѵǰס˾͹ס˾ɱ⣬סһлΣҵ顣
ÿÿȵǰöԽԽԽԽȥˡ
ʵ붮
Ȼһѱס衣
ҲˣȻͻȻ£
Ȼҵĺ󱳣Ҹرס˵С壬Ұɵǰ㲻ǵô
һƷ磬ȴûоʹֻͣһ϶ĵط彥Ӳס㡭ǡ
ǣɵǣҪȢǸǰǵôǵôõЦš
һԻŭڼȢ㡭
Цŵͷ˵ҪȢҵģҼ޸㣬ô
ޡ
һӣô
ȥȺȥȥʵİ⣬ֻҪǷ˱˵жǷģһһӵĳŵһֱڵȡ˺þúþõĳŵ
ǡˡ
ǡЦˡ
ǡ

Ͻɻ󣬿Ϩŭ棬ЦˣôĵЦˣҲЦˣɵɵԴһ˿Ц˵ڡȵˡ
Ȼ£һһҵĻС

1

ľ˵ڻ·˾裬ʱ־壬ʮʬ壬ľ˵û´Щ̫ȥˡ
̫黪ܾǣھȻ򲻾ȵ˵һ粨ľͬȣΪԶж˶ΪʱȣһеǰΪȾ飬Ƕϻʮֲһ棬¾Ѻ󲻱ƣϻľʧȥ̫Ԯĳ롣
ɵ߽ʱΪˡ
һڴرĲӰһʱ֪ǱϲߣҿŴԵİǶΪ㳳ˣȴ
δۣԶᳳȥ
ЦЦ̫Ķӡ
ҵܵܣһ٣˵ҵļˡ
пˣͻȻůĺܡ
Ҳڴ߹£ָճסĶıüͷǱƵغ࣬亹乡
ʵСṬǣᱻĸã⼸һֱΪҽķ˵˴һЦô˵أûҪλ֮ԻᵱȫΪұƵģҡ̫׷Ѱ䡣
Ĭ˻ᣬңأ
ԣԥһ˲㲻Ҫ̫Ԯô΢۾˵æֵٻع̫һᱻƵԣʵû˼
ԣϻй֮ҲҪסôڡ
סͷҧס´ͻȻķߵΪʲôҪ˵£ΪʲôڱտڶҪսȨȥ׳Ļᷢ飬Զ޴ȥʲôã飡
ң⻰ö黪˵
黪ҺЦû黪û黪ˡ
üʲôȴĿƿƻؾϣһ˿ɺԵЦ⣺ÿ˶ߣֻСûУʱʱͿģԸ˭ҲƲжҲȥðôĸԡ

2

أʣҲô
ɬɬһЦʮûժ¹˰ɣתߣô
δңסҵ۾ס֣ЦӯӯؽִڴߣƬ̣ңԾ˵Ļô
ǣҺܿ϶ػش
ô˵Ҫ޸ˣ
ǣ
㰮ô

ǾͶժ߰ɣԱôûϵ٣㡣˵ˡʱֱ۾ԣҿ﾿ʲôĸ顣
Ҳ˼ػһᣬҵһУҶȫժ
һ˿Ц⣺ãǺܺá
ϵľͻȻһͬʱͷȫջأһ軺۾
ǡ˻ƵػһȻ󣬿Ե
Įؿһۣ뿪̫Եʣһͻһ²ˤ
֪ЩҲδȥ΢ͷֳסأ˦˦ͷȻأһ˶뿪ס裬ɲ˵С壬Ҳκ˺㣬κ˶ԡ
Ҫָûþֳ˯ȥôʱ̣ȥʧϡʱɫ磬ұȥ谾࣬ҳѧĵһ£ǰѻ̵ģʱ䲻ֻԼڽʧ˺öΣڿӽƻʱɹˣɳҲ̣زģ
ϲصضصȴվǰˣףһȥڴߵİϣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲþȥԮġ
üĬһ˲ɷҰѻ˵ꡣ
δĶͷδѣ˫ѻ˺ΣһЦʢˮ¯ţɼˣпڵӪΧһЩ̽ӣ˵ǲˡ
ǳģʡ
ҡͷ̫ģ϶һֵͣ˸ǣյû鱨ϻı߾ͻȻ˶ʮš֣
̫Ԯ

3

üȻɣ̫Ѿ֪ˣ
ɵͷû´֪豻ס˴ϻһҲûУ̫֪ʶ
ҴеƵؽŹ࣬˼Ѳϡ
ɵֻʮϻĵģϻģϻĵġ
ͻȻͣסĶ
ң̤ǰһǾӪǲмϸ
бƾʲôô˵
סңֻǾе鶼̫ɺˣղһõ鱨ɧƽھҪ
ǲ֣ɽפضʱ
Ϊʲôƫʱ򣬡ɳ̫ĶʮյǾɧͬʱϻģ㲻ô
һ˲Ǿã̫йϸ𣿡
ֹϸǷϻģͳҪĲ黪ڵϻģǾӪһҪӦ֪ǻʲôӦ
㻳˭
һ٣㡭ϴ˵ӫ̫ˡ
Цˣھã˵ʵˣ
ڲʱ򣬾ǣǲǣ
ǣҲδ룬ֱӴҸûӫ֮˵̫ˣֻΪҲλʱһΪǲ뵱ġ˵˴ˡ
üǻɵضסң˼ǣ̫ǶʮֻΪ˻
֪ţҲȫǣ̫䵣С壬֪˺СģҸᣬʮʵǽһʹǰѾͻҲʮΪϻĵԮ
ʲôæʡ
Ҷסòµ˲ô֮Ըҷ̫󲻾Ϊöô
ɫز԰ޱȣֵСɲ򲻵ѣᷢϻģϻľ͵ھ͵Իò׵õĽɽΪôЭô꣬ΪݺԼŮѱΪһС壬ǣǰõɽʧȥϻҲᷢһġ

4

һҧ޺޵ЩӴҶǿſ̫͵ôãܰȥ
ҹǣôʮϻĻϻյԼ˰졣
ղԼҲ˵ˣ򲻵ѣ̫󲻻ᷢϻģҾͱƾ赽򲻵أıҾͲţӲܣ
ôף̫Ҫ
̻裬ıı𣿣
һˣȻųŭ˵˵ȥΪʮʮѣȻôǾȥһŮǧǰɱǧʮڻ£
Ϊ廹ֵ֧סô俴ҵ֡
Цˣô
Ȼ飬һ˴ҵڱܣɾһ˵
Ҳ׼
һͷȴ費֪ʱѾˡ
Ҳ׼ɱˣҲ׼
ƿĿ⣬Һɵķ˽⣬վţƫһͷʱĿײһ
ǴʲôʱվǶģľͻȻ𷽲˵Ļصͷ
ôˣöϢɽǰ
ȴƿˣžɣǸˡ
Щ˻Ƶ԰ֽɫҽЩԾֱֱסҲδһۣһߵСϡ
ӫ˵Ļ
ҪҰʲôգ
ЦŵҺͺãһ֣Ӫﶨ˻Ĵ滳ɣɣһ˼˭ϸ㣬㲻Դ̫ˣ෴Ҫ顣
֪ңͻȻת̬ȣΪʲôô
Ǿ͵תע̫Ҫ뱣ϻľͰȥ
üΪɻӦô
ȻᣬҡҡʳָǸҳҲָ£ҪȫϻĵףϻĲǱˣ
֪ӫǿµģֱڣɲҪʲôõȫϻĵ֪̫ҪȫϻĵĵԸΪȥǻںЩ

5

ʱҳŵֻҪҴӦ˶֮ΣҲ֪˵ľǼ٣ûйϵҵҲԼľ
ԶԶվڲϵ·һ׵ʱᱻ紵ɢһ㡣
ɣ廹ûָôǰûôġ
ɵҲ˵ǡǰˡ
ס۾ǲ֪ʲô飿ǲң
һЦ֪ˣղ˭˵Ҫϻĵģ
ҵͷ˵ֻҶӫĻ֮ƣұ֪ӫ󾿾ҪôõҵĿġǣ뵽ǲ˵ĻҾǿʼĻޱȡ
֪ģи㡣ͻȻڡ
ɻؿ˵̫̫Ϊ룬̫Լ
Ȼ˼ɺְܿȥ
԰׵Ц⣬㲵ɫͬǧ̰ݺݵʹš
ЩоҶܸҵöĮģͬΪ˵ǷĶȫҪ
ҹӪգȫʿǺĺ⣬ɽϻı߾̫Ҳ
̫ҪһѴӪǵûлɢģľ۵ñȴǰ£ӫĶ˵Ц⣬ͻȻ²͸˼
ھߣֻһյµƣĺֻϲһƬڰֻһյƵĸоǵĵǰ㳡һյµƣһҵů
Ұݸ裬źһھͰü𣺡ո඼ܺ㵽ǲŮţ
һڣú޲ĿٽУ´ҷҩȥ㣡
һ˳ǣҵ˰˲๾ࡣ
Ҷ׼¶ôʹı飡
شһԱȥ۲Ϊ˰ɣ
ι㡪
Ҳסңҡļҡزˣţҭҭ֣㬹ڴС尡㻹ǵã˭µô
ɵҪǵû࣬ȥˣ
ҲǣĬͷԴ㣬ɵϣ
źױԹ㣬ԽԽˣԺ˭Ҫ㣡
ҡߣһͷҡͷ̾ȴȫЦ⡣
ʵ˭µ䣬еףȥ£ʧ䣬ֻ֪ܶģȴ֪ǿ˸ġ

6

ʵ˭µ䣬еףȥ£ʧ䣬ֻ֪ܶģȴ֪ǿ˸ġ
䣬ľľ裬һµϻģôɺϣбиǣţߵ˱ضӵΨһǣеӫֻˣ֮ǰҵ࿹һԵ֮
ǣɲ²͸ѾΪʲô
ıϣұ۾ʣС壬ղ棬Щʲô
о΢΢һûңҵ㲻ãô
ҵһЦӣöҺá
Ĭ˰εһ˵ҪȥŮ˵Ԯ
һڷû¡
Цˣ㻹ôƭˣƭ˵Ĺƫôã۾о΢΢ȣͬյµһҰģҲ˵ˣͷһۣЦҶ˵иɵǣΪϧ̫ԣԣԣҪԣǸʮɵϣֱֲչԼԣҪһ㣬׼۸
ȥ˵˺öö࣬ȫû壬ֻۿһȣᣬʪ¡
Ǹоҵˮ˵ˣȴЦŵǣڿϿˡ
ȻӺ§סͷˮһĲԴһ˿ɬЦ֮ǰôַûޣһص߾Ϳˡ
סĲӣʵ׼˵ˣǿܸ˵㣡
Ƶذü𣺡˭һֱϿޣԽԽ뿴޵ӡ
죬ſٺٵضаЦò⣬ҰһۣʲôתҲüС壬ʧʱ飬ȫǵô
Цһɬ˵ʲô
ŪԼͷƵص֪֪ʧʱֻҰʨӣ
ôؿҡ
Цʨǲ·ġ
㡭סغҹЦæסԼ壬þòʣ㡭ȫˣ
û뵽ôƭһϲȴװĿǰȫˣ˼һǻƻŮء
ⷴӦƻŮüһһġ

7

ҵˣ㲻븺𣡡
ˣ𣿡ҡ
ͷǰҿ壬㲻øô
ü¶Ի
ЦˣԣԺˣֻһ˵ģǣǣǡ
κηӦĻᣬұĴģĴ΢΢ů⣬ܰеıȫڻһ㡣
ҵһǰҰԵΣҶԵˡ
ôţȻۿʪˡ
ʼûжֻţûлǣҲûбסңܸоﾪκ˰ľ㵣ģԥ㯡
ǣ۾Լӳģ΢΢һЦˣ˵Լ˽ǣ˻۾ұˣûС
Ȼѣſڣһ֣㡭
ҴǣģҪ޸㣬ԣ˵ʲô㶼ԴӦΪϻκҪ㣬ҺɵֱֲչԼҪҺã۸ңһҪľߣԶţסô
ûлңֻ̧֣ḧҵգǸҵˮָһ̧ͷŨʹ⣬ɵɵЦˡ
ʣˣһᣬܣһкܶҪ顭
٣νʣھģҪھ裬Ƿģʱˡ
⣬Щӵĺһ˸߹һˡ
뻳סҵĴġ
ȥ֣ȥݣҰԼѹֶյñĸ硣
ΪǸǾڴӦңͬˣΪϻκ
ǣҴˣֻʵ̫ϻĶҾжôҪ
ҹ˯һͻȻѣսнʿﱼھĺӱӪҲǹˣЩš
ȴֻһյµƣŰֻֽֽ˼֣ǣԲ𣬺úûȥ
Ȼͬ׺䶥㣬ס
תץסСָʵأסأ
Сһ㶣۵˵մһǧȥˣ
һǧ
һǧʮ
ҵʶǱͻȻͿˣһƬհס

8

հˮī㽥ֳ֣ǣԲ𣬺úûȥ
С壬ʲô㾿ʲô
˭ȥġƬ̣ҵૣ̫ˣСû壬˱飬ʲôŭͻȻڷ躰˭ȥġ
Сһæָˣ˭

׹˺Ԩҿߵ⣬ȻĶԻʧߺޡʹһȫҵĵס
Ӧٹã̫Ԯͻ֪һϢ
ҾͲ̫ԼĶȥ
һǧʮȥ
ߣЩܹʶ㣬СӵʬǶҲˡ
ɡ͡Ⱥ󿪿ڣľ۾վһʼδӫƶƷ裬Цⲻվм䣬üͷĿɭ
˫ɱ۾ҺȻޱİ
齫ǵҴֱغ㣿Сȥôԣôģ
δһ֡
۾ǰһסңǶ
ʲôĵģϣһ˻ϻ˵ѵֵôοųϣû˱ȥ
ұ죡û㣡תӿŭ⣬ɳʱȴ޵ʧ뱯ˣΪ㻹ǰһΪ㲻Ҳþ˵ĵܵܣļˣЩǼٵƭ˵𣿣ô˭㵽˭
Ƿ˰ִ壬һƻӹգ˺һϣİ߲ϣȻ԰
Ȼ廹ûָһʹҧ޺ôԱô˭Ա䣬㲻ܱ䰡
ͻȻһ˫Ȼ޹۾ҡ
ҺĨ˰ᣬصסǽɽ𣿲λ㾹Ϊֶ͸ıԼֶԼ׵ܵܣúǣʮѣҰɱǣɱ㿴ɱ㿴
ת񣬲۾ŵĺұܱ߶ʹڣãһӥ䣬ĴһӰӴҪ¡
סȫס۾
ǣӥӺܾǰӥûܹҪ飬ǰԣڣԡ
ܳӪһɲǣӥԾץסëһԾı

9

Ӫÿ˶ĿӥһչҳƲ㣬ƶʱѸһƬǵص̻ǡ
ʵԼҲΪʲôƲɻǻôԹ꣬һֱûֻ֮ţҵԹʵ̫أֻ֪ڵһûҵǣֺұסӥĲڿǰһƬѹѹʱૣӥ治㿴ҪɱǣҲκκԶģԶǵǸұӣѾͷ硭
ҲǸʧ
Ҳ룡
վɽĽ£ʹʮȣĿôᶨһ˿ĺۼ
Ϊ˭ᶨΪôС壬ô
˦˦ͷ˦ԥˮĳɣץסӥëֱ£䡱һھǰסϱƽı
ʵǳֻҪӵǿһ˶£û˻ôΪǼĹԼеش塣
ѹ˲ôˣѱ䳹Ūˣʹ֧Ų˶ãɱʮǧǰĻŮܲڻ°ɣ˺Ĺ飬˴Ӵ˻ҷ𣬴һ죬û黪ֹˣû黪ˡ
ӥıӭΰ㷭쫷磬ֻʮ֮ǰ
ǣ辪һǰңӥһӥ䣬ǰӥʲô
ŭЦˣ䣬ֻӥҡ
ֱ̧סʮ˻ȥȻҾɱǣ
һ㵣ҵΪ׽Ǹ˿Ц⣬Ƶػ˻֣죬ʮͬʱ̤ǰͬ
˵һɱǡҶסǵĽ죬ûһ˿ηı顣
飡飡飡

ұ۾Ļɱǡ
飡飡飡
ңһҪɱǣ

10

棬Լκһ˿ͻȻſ˫֣ͻȻ۾ͻȻ˲ۼյɭԹ飡
Թ齫յһ˲䣬˾˻ĺǣҲ׼Ҳ׼ɱˡǸʧȥǰһΪ֮ҵĶͱԹİûҵǰѪѪȣ
Թʮ󣬿ҧ壬ϳ꣬ǳûѪĵɱ¾ҵ̣Ƭʹ̵ɽŨŨǱҪֲɫֻҪ룬ûܹӳħƣ
ǣƵʱңҽǵİŻһͬҲ𺳴ء
ȻǰҲӥһƬˣʱôÿһ飬ǲҰҲǸþãӥҲҪİ˰ɡ
ֲңңѪңɱң
ٲġ
ǣҲںҿʲôҪҪҵԶҪҵľԶɣҪҵļԶȫػţֻǷǵģǶѣʹٲҲûϵ
һڱ󴦵壬ǣҿͬ߰ҵƤ·ܶҵֻұۺͼ
ȻԼѳһֻĹҲ԰׵Цˡ
ջҵ飬ʹԼҲԣôţҵЦű۾
ԣûܿ
ûܿǧǱѩҪ
û֣ܿƮ飬ͬ˿㽫ҵ
ûܿסѾʵңʵȫʹʹ⡣
ûܿͬһҰ׵˾ġ

ٶȱ1

ⷬɱԪˣȫɽʱκζϻĵĴδת̽ϹϻģԭӪɽĩˣﱾͿӪͬʱϻҲŵúܿ࣬ʣ޶࣬ԼʡԼֻΪӪṩá
ʱŷ֣ӵҵĲ񣬼ʹҲڲĳѣҵ´ףУҵİľҲصҵϣ۾˵ǰЩɱʱҴϵģΪ˿ҵ飬꣬Ӵδ뿪ԡ
عǣϻĵԮҵĴرϣƫͷûпҡ
ס֣ЦЦûõģҪʹȥˣֻ£Ԯǲ
Ҿ͵ȻᶨȥǻԮϻģ
Ϊ̫²˼ôʲôΣ¶Ҫϻˡ
ôϾҵĸף͵ּޡ
ԣŻӦʮô
ǹĨ԰׵ЦϻĿûңû
ҵȻ˿ŭ⣺أûû㣬һô
ͷؿסҡΣ뻳УͷҵĲоʹֻţЦŵС壬һ˶ˣҵѾȫˣ㻹Ҫô
ҪңԣҪҪ㡣
ЦˣСɵϡ
ûңȴҵĲĬ˺ܾãͻȻ˵мһҪ㣬ҴƵĲӫ󣬡оҵȻһң˵۾ңҹΪӫƵºջɺͶڹȰľڹȰĻ۾ͣԡ
ԣˣ˺ˡ
ұѹסĵ׾κ˰Ļ⡣

ٶȱ2

ǸоҵĲԾסңͻȻǣЦƿޣᣬϲ
ʱǸÿĵģֻǿģûбԾǴǰǸұӽѾͷ
ͬʱôʹԼΪʲôǰҾͲܳһһأ
Ϊʲôеġαװǰô׾ٵؾͱԭΣ
ҵ廹ûָܳȥ߶ֻǰСżûӰ۾;趼ȰȥٰҾܾˣӵѲҪҵĽ͡
ӪһɳصϢ˵ж¶˽ھȻ
ڲϣŸСҡҡλεЩӴҶֻܺ࣬Ҳ˲٣ҲЩۣЦòãһƨһ򿪺ӣشóһƬġ
ͷؿѽһУˮͬЦһͣǣҲЦˣĵĶöƯķҶ̺ʶ
üЩʲôɻͻȻ˽һˤæֽסôСͬްһҺȻиǼôõ飬ҲиӣǸöá
ϲ㡣ôţߺȻ
㲻ҵΪͻȻô죬üңڷգ
æҡͷûУǱ̫ɹġ
˿ɣûʣֻ£Żǿˣ˵ﲻȫҪǽǣĬͷ໰ֵǰͻȻڣֲԼߣû뵽ҪƬ
ĿƵĵķҶϣ΢ЩԾЩҶ͸ģϴһ˳ȥʱʹЩҶ˵ӪطûĶֻЩ
ҵĥ˵Щںҵô
һ㶣ͻȻЦˣԹ֣࣬Ҷԣ̫ͻأô
ҾеͷлҪ˵

ٶȱ3

ЦЦԶҲĿ⣬ӪһƬƽ̹Ĳԭϣ뼸Сһ𽫴СŽڣƣǾǽͻǵ
һȥҲ֪ʱܻЩڲ˵ж̹׵ĸԣҪǴˣ˵ֿסҵ۾֪еĺӡ
һȻŤͷסЦ⣬˵֪һܾȣ֮ô˵ֻжԹ޴ӵټж룬Բһ֮ô˵̫λԺҵ財һʧȥϢҹ¿飬Ȼطꡣ
طꣿһţѵƵĺӣɣڹﻳĺӡ
㵭ҡҡͷֻ֪ΪеĶʦȴ֪ͬʱҡɡơľĸѧȥ飬֪̫Ȩʽµ£ʱƾͽסҼңи÷Ů֮ʱģ˵˴ӯӯЦǳвԸǣҵĸӲҪ̫һ£ֻз곡Ϸ˼ƿضǼһ棬Ǳ˴˳ȫ˱˴ˣȴ뻳˺ӡ
һ٣˶Ϊеĺӣֻ֪б˭ϧֵ֮飬ûҰ֣Ҳ̫ǰңҲף㵲ȥѣ⹬˭ܳ裬˭Σաٺ̫ҪɱҵĺӣǱͲǻվǸԽƾͼƣĥžʹ˷ҧ̫һڣȴ̫׼ϧѩˮʲôҲûóѣʧȥ˺ϳǣĪǺӺԹңʱԩĥң
ţĵ׾ⲻϣҲҵԹ㣬Ͳƣ빬ӲŶԡ
һ˲Цˣǰ˵ǻת򻸶ԼЦдૣһǻ˼

ٶȱ4

ЦԽģǱոȾҲЦˣֻЦ΢Щ
㿴һۣȥаɣ䲻֪ΪҪԶ㣬ףһ㣬ֻ˵ѱ˿ñԼҪ̫Ϊˡ
װзҶĺӵݵңĵЦˡ
Ӳ룬˾Ҳ̫ƽ͵˵ΪǣΪȨֿѡ
㱧𻸶߳Ӫϳʱͷһֿۣһۡ˼ֱȥȫʧҵûж
ȥΪôһʱûʶԣãȻ͵ķӦø϶Ŀ˵ȻΪҡ

Ҫƭңƭ˵Ĺܲ
鵭ģȴ˷⣬ҵͷźǳһĺ㣬Ҷߵǣ㿪ģһҲġץҵ֣񣬡룬ҪĿģҸ㣬ǣһܸޣһ㿪ġ
ҧҧǿסˮ
ֱץסץزԸſһһץסֵľȻκԥĻͽƽȻޱȵЦ˵ĥĥģǱߵ㡣
ˬذȥ߻طŵĲ£һͬӳģǵ峺﷽һɲǷŨȻǵЦ⣬ȻΪңǣǿŲȥ
ת߽˼Ʈҡȴɴ˳һҾͳҵأ
һãȻҡͷ
ˣˣϵֽһӣѷ˳
üϵּֽڹ￴֣꣬ϲ
ˡžع̫ϻ˵һɲ׼ͻԺֻ黪񣬶ҵ񡣡
飡һװҶĺӵڵأһзҶͽƮ㣬ǣһƬӢͷУҺȻ˺ööǰǷµһԼ
Ǻãټ棬˭ϳ˭
á

ٶȱ5

û˻뵽ôˣһˣȷ˵һϻĵİ
ﾲĵģɣͺƳȥΧһԲߣÿ˶ŰֽһԲӫһʧˡ
뵽ģӫóķϻĶԽģԽϻΪֻһ˵̫̫Լ
ԣ죬Ҳʧˣǰֻ۾˷ţдҪյݣŷֻдô֡
磬ô㣬һҪң
ûлӥȥǸطֻҲκ
Ƭ£ͷԭΨһǷ㣬֦ͬѺɫľɡôȻͦһĲԭϣһƬɫϦأ̲ݣȴ˿Ⱦһ˿糾ס
ڷ£۾żһ˿Ʈ𣬵ܿ죬ϡ
ҾŲߵúССġ۾˵ѾüûܺúõϢüûкúóԷüûƴԼ񿴼˯ôĴ
˺ö࣬ɫĳһƬѪɫ£׵ͬʥ࣬ǴĿġ
ǣȴЦŵģƵģһСӣЦúܵܿġ
Цʲôأǲμʲôμô
ɵɵԣɵɵԴЦ˯ݣͻȻҺĴͷЦݣЩӦңȫҵĶ
ǣ֣أؿûз֣ԼǣҲڲ֪и˿Ц⡣
ǣֱ̫ŵԵʣüȻ۾һ̷·ʱ侲ֹͬҵҵɵЦȫġ
һæأͬʱȴסҵ֣ôġ
ϦƮůůķ磬ͬζҲůò˼顣
ǵķ˿һ𣬻лķҶȻ衣
룬˴ԶԶĵطǣΪµĳͬ㣬ÿ̹ģңҲҪ̹ģΪһ̣ͫξȫʱƿҵ֣Ŀֱ˴ǰĮ
ô
ƿĿ⣬ԣǵһƮżöҶɫǳһ
סӣЦΪãµİҾ룬᲻˵˴ȻյǰգգۣǲǺҲ¶أ
壬źۼ˾룬ҼˣЦͻȻˣʵ·ϣһ㲻ô죿һҲô죿ҴŻ̫ľӪӥָ츲أߣɱһǧ
˵ɱһǧʱͻȻͷˣ￪ţɾǿذͷ£û취Ҿ̲סҪ
ãأΪˣôҶĺӣǻЦ⣬ֻǲţҪȥضֱ뿪ʱûжһȥĳطȻȥΪʲôҪأΪҪô
һ˶ɵЦ
ɵЦ
ϴһ˳ȥʱвķҶ͸ЩǲǾأ㻹ǵôټ棬˭ϳ˭ϳأֻߡߣڹôҲҲˣô
ڡ
Ķ
ˣˡ
ҵͷҲԣ˵Ķû˻ҪҲ仵ˣ㲻ҪˣôЦָָԼ
ƫͷȻҸˡ
ЦˣȥӫôشңԹԼɶˣϸģûӫ̫ˣΪʲôأ֮ǲʲôܣ
̫ˣǡϦߣѩ׵ӣȾѪɫ
ȥԺҲûؽɽˣ㲻ںô
ں
ңǻɱģ㲻ں
ں
ǻһ겻񣬾ܣǻܻš
ܻžͺá
Цˣأһĵģںô
ͻȻͣ
ӣıӰЦɣ㲻Ϊѣ֪һں˵ĺӣ˵䵭ֻΪ˱ңҾ֪һŪˣңҳ˸ˣ͸ҪˣúİϾΪű仵˵ףԼɵŸҵҵС岻Ҫһ˼ƫ㡣
˵˴ϧԼҡҡͷİɣҲںģҪɡϵķҶתתתòֺǣôȥֲģôңȻǸˣǾ͸Сһ£úñ㣬԰ɣ
һ˲Ȼͷңֽ˽ǣʲô
ЦòѽҪϻĸᣡ
ô˵ţĥŸղͿϵҩҲˣɫһף˻һ£ȴס˲ԸץסǺ㡭ղʱϡͿʲô
һʱֻ˯ţѵŵô
סЦʼҩĻһ㣬С˲õҩԸȽףİɣҩģʱͻˣҿɲôۿϻһҪʹ࣬ô
ЦϦϦＴʧů⣬Ϧεۻɾˣ۽ܷǿϵԽԽòһ֣˲࿿ϻȥ
ƫͷһصѩףͷ׵ķкڵϡ
߹ȥҪקδԼſתץסҵ֣ͷֱסҿݣֻ˻Ƶ˵ǡ㲻ϻġϻļҡҲûС
һ㶣ͻȻЦˣǻ˰ҲҪҵġ
ȡתѪɫϦʱ￪ʼСֻܾûߣδ裬ںܶǰͫٵ˵ǰңȥǰ͸ȢΪ޵黪ġ
ӽʲôҼǵãйˣСͷô֣ͷ
Ҽǰߣϵ۱Ϧ̳˵⣬̵Լ۾ʹˣǣҸЦôõЦһڸס۵Ĺâһܡ
ɫ찵ˣԭҹر䣬޴磬ϵ·ֵûþеŭԼ嶯֪ӫҪʲôõֻҪõֱ֣ӾͱӪǸƥ¿ɺãӪزȥûǮҪ㲽ȥˣһߵްõļƻ
ȥһƬƽ̹ĲԭϣҹĻѽ¹µֻһڶ
ͻȻѹȴ費֪ʱվڲԭͷЦңҴ˰Σʲô
羰߹ҵ治Լ羰Ȼҡ
һĿ֣Ҫ羰㲻Ը
ƤЦû£ͳɡ
Ұһۣңһˡ
󣺡㣬ıԴһ˻عǱ׼ƭȥˡ
Ҵһô֪Ҫعǣ
һΪ̫¶дϡֿһۣǣ֪֪ղŶЦӾ͸ûѿˡ
˵꣬תܣҲߵĽš
С˵Цѿҳ˾Ӫһֱңôɹһ㶼ûв
ʵʱԥػҾ䡰ںпһõȫ̼ƻԶģôʱһֱҵľôأĸԣһЦת뿪Ȼһڲϣգǣѹ¶ͻȫЦ⡣
ﰧ̾ôԼЩֻΪɵϣȻ֣Լֺγǣ
С壬˵ô
㲻ϣô
Цˣô
Ц˵ڵԼǰĺã˵˴ʲôֶ˶ٵȰ·ˡ
סץסԼһҪ𣿡
ҵԴԴЩģ뻨˵ʮ·ѵȥǵ·ЩΣ̲еģסңͻȻüͷаЦҪϣҸĻҲǿԿǸġ
ҸԼﲻԣô˵ŭץȭͷҪȻǶÿ죬ֻñ߱סһȭС壬С壬Ҳ㡪

ٶȱ6

յĲԭϿգǵЦô
뿪ϻǰȥ˴̫ӪӪǷǳȣֻǧټӳϻΪ˵ǡ
Һ;Ӫһܡ
ԭǴҪַϻģɾȴ˵ѳ޹زɱգȴҪַ͸һɱˣνɱһӰ٣Դ˾ֵ
ôһ֣ŮĺϢֶߣǵ轫Ϊ黪ʱɱ˿̫࣬Ҳ᲻ģݲŰգֱ۾ľӪ
ǵӪʱ۾ǵļҹ뿪ʮֿսʤ
Ϣһұ뿪ӪӫӪٲ뿪ͻδռϷ硣
ЦҵԴҿ㵨ԽԽˣ壬һȫϻĵᣬʱͿȥɡ
ǣŲأҪ˵ϻȺ췴ỳ͵ģΪ˲ϻģͱɱϻģǷή½ģǸҪˣʱɱضãϻ·ˡ
ЦЦһϻĵĽˣҲˣıҲ˵ˣ㣬Ҳȫϻĵ˺ˣ˵գҡҡͷǣǸɵϡ
ҲЦֺγǣ
ҡͷҲһֻΪɵ㲻Ϊҡ
Ǻǣ
һػ޼ǰһ㶣Žϣ˾ôĬߣԶֲõĳֻǲ֪ǰǷԶĳ
ҹϽӵʱͻȻ˴˵ҹ·úϢһٿأǾߡ
˸ҿ˯ԼڶڣʵҲôۣ⼸ͬһƥҹڸϣʱʱܿ˯ᡣ
ĴյߣûжҸϽóʣҩЩܿ˯ȥҰҵתϡ
ЩĽŲԶδͷֻ֪Żɻȴ֪ܻôȻͨˣӫ󡣡
ӫһЦƵػңȻ֪ҷͨˣҪĶ涯ɱô
ҽַУʲôδ㡣
ҲŶ
ҵǲãɱ˻ǲڻµġ
תͬЦҹȰӰ˺⣬ͬǵЦҲܽΧһ㣺ҡ
ЦˣҲ㣬ǣҿԸ̫󽻻ֻҪҺ
ȴҵƾʲô㣿
ҵƾֻҪԸ⣬ȫ԰ֱӽ̫ò˿ôϰңһõҪġ
ңЦĬජһ˲˲ŰΣͻȻңҪҰʲô
֪Ӧˣæ֪ʮպ̫ʮٳ
ͷЦȻ
Ҽʱлʢ䣬̫ҲΪֵϰߣҪǶ˵ǰֹٽô˻ᣬɱ̫󡣡
˿ܿ㵭ˣλ
ܣЦסصò˼
΢üЦҲͲңοǶ֪̫ˣΪ˵öô
Ǽ򵥣ֻҪ˵вʣ԰ǵõλǣ̫ӦҪĶ㣬Ͷ·лɣҲ·ˡ
ʳָ°ͣߵߵͷȷʵǺ˵ǣԴԽԽˡ
ЦָָԼĿڣҶĲԴĶȫǾǧͳģ˵ҲĹ͡
ǿǺ£лҡ
Ŀ䣬ȴеЦ⣬ͻȻ¶һ˿Ƶļį
ҵϣЩĶƫƫûСתɫҡҡʳָͷϢͷҲص뿪
ûãɢּɫҿھϣ¶ֻȥǰ˵Ǿ仰еȴôɢҲɢɾˡ

黪1

ҪǰǷ˵ȫ壬ǷˣһһС塣
һǼµ£µ˲ģԣҶôϣܹңңͲᰮˣˣͲΪҵѹѹͲˡ
ҹͣ㣬յ̫ٳǰϻػֻǣǵʱǴžѳſվһŮѵһᣬʱһ˿ȣֻ΢΢밲ֱӴ̫ĴȰ
δ£һ·װֻΪ̫ܿĿȴСģԱ٣һŮվڹſڣΪӭӣֻΪ棬ʲôҪʲôȫ֮УǶġ
˼Щؿ裬Ц⣬ǣסҵĽ£ǸССĶҵȴ֮ɢ
ߵȰſڣǽľ˳⼸ҹ·Ͼһۣ⻹ҵһμ
ɫĲţܳͬϳصĽɽѹ˵ıϣġ
תȥ裬ȴźӷʵôˣ
üûãӵĵ̫ô
Ŀ⣬žӵĵײһָôһۣջغӣҵȥɣš
ʣͷſڵʱһѿҵ˼ֻЦЦĴָָָʯͷǶ㡣
ͷЦˡ
Ȿ̫ÿձչصӣѬ㣬ȴǹɹ㣬Ųģġ
ûϣڴ߶Ŵ⣬Űˡ
֪ڿ˭Ƕ԰ľ裬ôţҲ˽ɽʵ벻˽ɽʲô
˵˵Ŀİɣʲôżɽңδң۾ԶŴ⡣
ඨһǰӫҪĶ
ЦˣǺʱһˣ
Цδһߣְˡ
βɶסľ˲㺹ˮƬ̣ңǵڶأ
δԥֱӵҪɱ
һЦңϴξͰթĪǣػթһΣ
ҵ̫ҵĻ룬ɱ
ͻȻЦݣסңסգٳϣЯ˼ֹٰɱ㣬Ҫʱɱ
ұ˵ߴȥƿϣǿɱδܵʤұ˶ҩ㲻ʱԴ;Ϊɱģⶾ棬ȥԣԱҩҲ㣬ֻҪ㲻½˿ࡣ
ƿ΢۾ǰǧҪͻȻҪɱǣ붯ʲôԽΪĵôܰȻգΪСϷῴ
ѵ㲻ɱôĴѰӰۿԼǰȥĵö࣬ôõĽף㲻
룬Ȼ룬ʮ꣬ϻرҲۿԼǰȥֻˡ
Цˣ˵ףǻҸĶҩǼٵģ
һеӰҩڱǰ˵ҩȷʵ涾ޱȣɱʵ벻ҪɱɣΪ黪⻰ñ㡣
ҵЦΣҿʼؿϵ̫¶ɻüסңʲôֻҽ·һϳȥȥһʱһŻϬȻЦͽһ֧顣
ÿԼ壬⸱ӦҶԲµԼ񾿾µ˺ֵز΢ЦţҵôЩʴĺɫľ䣬Ѿûҵ࣬񣬼ʹٵǻ黪ػûҲǾȲõˡ
ԣҪһȥ̫ҡ
ǣ̧סΪңҲǧټҪȴô࣬ûɽҪ˼ǺңûҪٱ෴ҪʧȥһУҲҪָоԭɣô
̫˺һᣬͽͷЦҲǺ⣬ô˵ĸŮźãѪף¾һģһ
üͷĸŮ̫˵ģҵĸ
˸ҵ䣬ƶǰһֱΪǱĸȻ޻Ŀ֪ĸԼ뱾ѰĿĺһҪǸĵĵۡбһۣͻȻɫ԰ס֣üңЦøΪ⣬Ϊĸĸδ˵ʲôȴһֱţǣǵֹ׼ƣ谮ѣ飬ǣǵ飬Ϊأ治֪أ˵ģ˵ĸˡ
ҲȴǰĲ״ûĸҶȥǰеˣһֱţл⵹̫һҪΪǱҲȻĸ̫ıλΪԣͫʱҲŻǨŭʵҾͷ뿪

黪2

߳ɲǣķôģҳһ°ü𣺡̸ò˳ôôɫѿ
æҡͷЦֻйӹ㣬ܡ
ȥʵĵطߣ
á
ǣסҵ֣߽УֻҪڵĵطۺʱεضˬҫ۵Ӳ֪һµĻỹмΣôţֽסᷴסиоһɲǣҲסҵ֡
̫ٳҹҲʼĥζȹҹ
һҹҽӵӫķɸ봫飬ֻһõЦ֪ǡѳɡ˼ֽ¯ջ١
СҰȻסҿ޳һ˶΢΢Цľܺã㡣΢΢һ죬ˮͻȻɬЦ⡣
Ȼݶһҹҿļϣ£磬ڳ̫ҪȥĥػǣǾеľʹӵܣҪ辭׽б㽫׽ˣս֮桢֮ǿڳķڷ̫вᣬӢ˲ȻҲͷӦ
ʱվڵϿӢ˵ľ裬˵ģС壬ͬ˪ѩͦصɣ͸̲סļᶨС
С壬³ɺľС빬ǣô
׹ǣЩ
ֵУūȥţǸŮҲԼ˵Ǹ

УҴɨ¹ùõԺ䣬ʱʱȥ˵˵£į

С
ڽôͻȻңͻȻסң۾Цָָؿڵ˵񽻴Ƶģֲ̹
Цˣһµô
û㣬ƻǿգǣȥУˡ
ҡֵʵеˣӰ㣬ĻȥУȥҪ飬ǣֲϸŮ˵ʲôףҲϸңɱ⣬㻹ʲô㣬ҸоԼڹѵʱ㡭˵˴һյȻʧȥ˽㣬ǣҡһʧȥô
оͻȻӿĲס֣˵ǣ˵Ҫ޸ң⻰һֱǵãңһֱţԡ˿Ӧңǧ򣬲Ҫɵˣô
Цһɬɵ£ɵӡ
ɵӣҸɵɵÿԲһС
һʹס֣ҵĥţβ˵ڽȴǣæ˫ԸůԼʧС壬ղŵĻһû˵꣬Ҫ˵
ƫͷӦҡ
̧ͷҵߣУҪúչԼҪúõػţҪһֱһֱţݶϵ㣬һҪһֱȥ
ЦҿĵЦˣһƬǳ£Ĳԭӥ޶ԺԶĵӣ룬ɸǲԶˣĺܽˡ
峿ֱ˾裬гҴӡ˸Ҷ˵䡰ҡϵĳԽϼ
ԶȥıӰâҫۣȴԶ̫вǲۣȻ̵Ĳң۵ĸңΨһˣ衣
֪ô߽ңʧ˴ǰƶ
ҵ֪֪¡
ǻɵذü𣺡㻹뿪㣬㲻ᣬͼɡ
ҴݵЦһۣѵþۿȥôģ
ͻȻһĿջأȥֻΪȥ
ҵһЦȥӣ㲻ңܸӰɡ
Ǹ죬ȥͫԺ䣬ݣȥһ»ҳֶĿӣһЦһ˿ģһ˰빬й˵룬һˣȻÿ˵Ĵʱů촵
ҵĵڶҹڳߣĵȹġ
ҹĵûбֻǵƻͨΪ̫Ķ
ڵĻһֻһյµƣƵĵƹ˴ֽܽҲůһ㣬žҹôг
ҼǵվԹĴףɵôԼԼҪģΪΣͻȻֿʼ
ôɵɵһҹһҹһҹ

黪3

̫ʱУĵϢһʮ͵ʮʿ׽Ϊзϲ£һӣÿֶЦ
ϢҲЦˣڸ߾һҪסʱҾ֪һܰ쵽ΪǾ裬ǲ˭Ҳ˵ӥ
ֻǣԾ̲סȥ룬ûҵĻ񣬾˳黪һ󽫣Ϊ˵Ҫ黪սҪǰҵ
룬ûҵĻܳΪ黪ʷǿĵϾǿ飬ĸԸظ
ǻһҵ˶Ľӥһӡ껶ЦֻҪǲҡ
ôţһʱֿ̣ΪʱҾˣ磬ܿ㣬Ǽôҿĵ顭
ˣʯߣ΢Ц˯ʱѹϦԣҲȣ綼ҪģԽķԽƽǳ⣬ѱֻһȥû֪ûģá
ҹȥ󣬴ϸ˿СĨȥϵĻҳ
лص֪Ƿᾪȣʱ꣬龹һҳҲûУȻǷһ뵽Ĩȥ˻ңѰ˼ҵΪֻǲ֪ʱΪĨҵˣֻ˭
Ұ鶼ɾʱһҪ̫ף٣Ҹ˯һᣬȷʵˣôôۣ۵۾ͲԸ
£ҺȻԭǿûɡǷ㣬ĺһ飬ΪʲôҪĺ׿˵ΪҺҪǵһĵط
ǵʱűƵıǸĺӣͻȻַ˶ʼɣɽľҪôĽɽô٣һֻܻɡ
ǣվʼѰֻҸڽĺӣȻһҲûУȻ¶ۣǣҲ⣬ֻôҪÿһֻôԣҪģֻһ˶ѡ
һɣźе䡢ѣȻ󣬿˲ڵװµСв㣬һԭӵĵײһв㣬ѹ֣ĵ׻һָô
˺һ˲ҲŻæӼ𣬴Ǹв㣬Ķֻ࣬
һֽ۵ú룬ҽ򿪺ŷ֣Ǿִͬӥʱסҵ֣һëÿһסҵ֣ϸϸ档һëƲȻվɼżҵʱβȥĲ鲻Ըֻ˵ҪһزԭҪɻңʵҪЩ
ȻһöΣӹεķΣεķΣһμʱ˵Ժ󣬲׼ΪʲôأΪΪʺ֤ôҸãΪӵֻ֤ͻȻ֪ڶνʱʲôı飬ϣܿʧʹֻҶݵ֤
Ȼڼв£ţǱСĵǸʱбһֱ򿪵ʱֱЦᣬвκ˰ϲá
ߺǣҵߣҴߣͣڻɫֻǵѺۣѺ۱СĽ𣬲ѿѺ۱ӵöôϸģһ˿ۼ
˵ˣôΪʲôҪţΪʲôҪƭң
֪˵˵ʱҵжѹô񣬵ҷûӵ㻤СĵʱҲѹȴи͵ʹĵףʹҿʼʹ޷ʹԭѹֵͷͻȻ޷ơ
Һ㣬ģټһ桭
ͷһôװԼصص˵ŵױصСṬķ٣˰ľصطĸΪ÷İȹĩˣұ̫תһȦÿôС娛
Сͷÿ
΢΢ڴҲúÿͺˡ
СԴôɻ
Ҳ˵ֻĵЦˡ
̫ͬһϯǸϯǰȥĴȰҵ潫ҩͿһֻӵıϣĩ˻Цңô
Цҡͷڡ
Ϊ˲ݾߣδɱΧǣһֻҲɵóȥʲôĴ㣬ǳ򱾹̹ףɴӿ
Ƕֻᣬ⡣

һۣǰһͬȥĵ

黪4

ĵﵽ˺ɫᣬ˻ϲ⣬ŵƽʵĵҴǰ޸ʱֱһģһ
һɲǣͻȻѻȸΪ̫ݵǵۣȫҵϣҵЦҵױԱ黪һŮӵա
֪ǷЩȺ棿֪ңǷҲЩССľޣҷ·ֻص˶ޢ껪Ů˼뵥ֻصҵļ⡣
ٹһף٣ŵζ磬˼ȴ֪ƮȥĶ
ŮɵˣȴܸоŨĲɣʱʱгӰĿҪװ⣬ȴɵɵ˰졣
ֱȻͣ⹬Ů黪Ϊ̫ף١䣬̤빬ɲǣȻ䣬֥Ӱô׵ס˵ߡ
˵ûȾ˺ɫ˵˰ףȾһ˿糾ѩۣ뻳⣬ĹâȥеĹâףһϮڷһ߾Ϳεõģ
̫ͻȻŨЦ⣬ңЦˡ
˵õʦܴʲôˡ̫΢΢һЦ˽ֻͿ˶ıӶ˳ԣ˾ơ
ֻ΢ף̫
̫գֻӺǣ
һ٣ͻȻ̧һ˿ͷ
ҿԼеľƣӳһ԰׵Цʱ̫ҲңЦЦصŮλʦҪġͷء
ҵЦת봦ʼδһ۵ͷôԼ֮ģûʦˡ
һ˲ʦ֮ˣֻ֮ˡ
Цһɬ̫ʵֳ԰Ϊϰϰô
ޣ𣬺޵ԽԽԣˣͲᰮˣĻͲԡ
̫Цͷ״ؿһۣ⻰˵úãϲͣ
ŮǱƣǰʦ͡
˾һۣȾơ
Ů̫͵ľƣܲȡ
ɣջ֣ƽ£л̫󡣡ͷȡ
ȵȣסһһ䣬ʵղ˵û޵ˣҲ㰮ô
΢üڰĿ۽ҵϣЦˣת̫˵̫ⴵأôΣ磬ûŮΪ̫һʦġͷɡ
̫ɻؿҰΣͥڣʵҲκξܾɣ׼
̫лߵǰ̶̵һ·ϣʼһ˲˲ؿҲһ˲˲ؿҵʱЦȾƿֻӰ߼ЩøʣⱭƣ磬˰ɡ
ݽӹıӣ̫һȣŮ֪Լʲô𣿣
תЦƱٹͷŮȻ֪ʲôŮڸ̫󾴾ƣףٰ̫ꡣ
㡭̫𾪶ĿУЦŽӴߣɸȣȴֹס˿˿Ĳ⣬ƤһЦٲԥףоһ
ˣģ꣬һ£ҾٲǷ㣬
ʦǶҲҪ
ŮߵϣЦһۣסݣʼɡҶ˵
ֻؿңֱʦϣҽӹݵǰЦ㴵ôȻ㣬յߡ
ԭֵĵͻȻžҹֻص˴ǰֻһյµƵʱͬĵԼҲһ˿һ˿һ˿һ˿ˡ
ĵŻľ㣬һƬ׵ĺҹҹΨ࣬¶Ʈ
·Ķܰҵĺÿһǣſ˫֣䣬ÿһӣÿһһתȴҲ
ҼǵǧǰԼѧ֧ӵʱôˡ
ֻ֮⣬ֻΪ˰黪ҲϧʮղߣֻٻߵʱҪ֧Ӹȥľϲ
ȴ֪Ǽ黪˷ƵңղعǣãȻȺѰʮʮҹʮһ죬ѧɴʱȴѺعǣŮӳɻ顣
ԣ˳ǰʱȴֻܿźɫǣЦ̣ó˵۾ңʱʲôҾʲôгɻ飿ΪʲôҪ̴ͬɫ·ֻҴͬɫ·ֻɫ
ǵ죬ΪǰοҺңûУֻĿƿǣ̵֣л򹬳ǡ

黪5

ҲʱͻȻʹѣԭĻĸоĶ˿ģССĳԴףģǻʹġ
ԶȥıӰұסɿȴǾ䣺ѧ֧ܺӣô
ǰߣûͣ
Цǹģȴˮ㲻ôĺܺ㲻Ҫô
ȴסһ˲ĳɡ
ǣҿˣ˵ɻ飬㲻Ҫ˵˼ô
Ӱڽû빬ǣʹѾ޷ҽ߾󺰵㲻Ҫˣ𣿣
֨¡飡ǹϵ˲䣬ҵ˵ϣˤѡ
ʵʱֻͷһۣǳôһ˲Ĳӣ֮ҲἫ˵鱬Ϳ̿ĵز
ؿһʹֲʹ򶾶ʹ
һʱ򣬿ҿưת֮УΧԼ˶ЩʦǣԭһֱʦǺȻΧһ˿Ӧʱ䣬䣬ĵΨһļô˼ꡣ
ʱԽУɣһſ˫֣ȹڳÿһܹƮȻĵطȫȻİ׻˲ߡ
ǸĵΧڳǾŻҵĽк
д̿͡д̿͡
ĵһ˸߹һˣֻͬ׹㣬ھκ˰˼⣬ҵȻʡ
ֱֹͣһ̣ǰۣȡϵİߣȻ䣬еľȻֹ˫ۣñɱ˾ֳǰ
衭ȷӦֲָ̨ѣǾ۾ͻ˳
ǣûٶ㣬ûٺȫһƬհ׵飬ͬʱ̫վǰŵ󺰣أд̿ҪɱĶȥˣ
ǲˣ̫Ī˰ɣѲģӣġһʦժߣһЦضס̫
ɣ̫ضסΣȴָסң㣬ȫƻģ
ȴЦˡ
ȻǿЦģҵϴߣס
úһ˿ϱǶˣǰһ§סĲǰδƿңȴҲûңֻңǣںʲô
û֣ίΪʲô˵Һ֣ҷûֻ֣ǣȡǷĻ㡣
ҵĺʼ٣Խ٣ؿڵʹԽ̡
ǸоҵĲԾƫͷңǣҸ§סؿڣͷתһߣƭң˵ˣţҵķΣһ𻭵ӥ
ǣǲǲͻȻӲ
ԹԵ˵챧һμɽ磬ѾͷȥֻﲻᣬȿȡᡭҪѾͷ
ȫѪȵζǺζģǻͫ걻ǧеӡ
磬£ңô
ȥ߽ͬ
һ£һ£ȿȡ
£ӿʼҴĻﻬȥойұסҶ£ұ
ǣǡһ黽ңҪȥҵߡ
оϳʧʱЦˣĸо񡭡ϲ
סڵ۾ӳסҵĲ԰ףӳסҴµѪȻ޴룬ʹĿֻš
ô£⵽ô£ŭ̫
ѱýסӵ̫ͻȻЦ˳㲻Ҫɽôڸ㽭ɽǣһȥҲ룬ⶼԼѡģԹκˣ
һʼֲȥҴߵѪҵѪҪƵģȥ٣٣ǣĿֻŨǵЦҲӲ磬ں𡭡ÿҿʱ򡭡㶼Ầ¡ɵҺˣֲҪˡ
׼˵ˣ̫ҽϾˣһ¡ҳ˿԰׵Ц
硭ҡȿȡҪһܡ
׼˵ˣ˵ˣ
Ұͷϵİľúڷкһ𣬳Ҫͦ壬ҪսĶϣЦ绨ִһ˿Ƥ
磬Ҹ㡭ľ𣬼ֻССҲղסˣҸ㡭ɫȻһ԰ף･Ƭסҵ΢΢û黪ڰֻʣֻ߽У
һ˿ľʱڵı׵ĹâӲŰľ˿ʥѩǣΧס壬ǣ۾
ѾͷộԼôԡ
˻ƵӶ߽ȥ壬úܽܽ
׹һ׵磬ǰ˵Ļ
ѾͷҵѪҵ飬Ժ󣬵ʱǷҪγŵǷҪˣǷҪҵİסԼЩѡȨҶԼڴ֮ǰҲǵ㣬ʶ㣬Ͳᰮ㣬ԣ㲻ˣҪԼ
ĽɽǷĶڻ塣

Զ߸߷1

ֻ֪ľӡҵ飬ȴ֪ӡ黪䣬ΪǸԼ
黪ɻ
վڻĸɽϣŻƽĹǣһһ鴵ҵġͷѺۣιҵҵķҵۣܺ䣬ȴϣܹε Щܰҵǣ
ȻЦһ˸߹һˣʹңԶľ룬Щȣҵ˴һ
ϿƮ˺ɫ꣬ʵһʼǲƮģֻΪȻľ飬ʵܲûлӣ˻ﲻڻҳ裬ֲңԻϿʩ˻˵ɫǵ䣬ÿ춼ܿͬɫĻ
ĻǺɫѪ죬֤ȫû飬ΨվڸɽϵӰ԰
һ飬һǻ顣
һǰץסңԭߣ
תңһ
ߣҪȥãȻؿ
漱ɽҲãȥҺҲã㲻黪ϴţҪɱ㡣
ɱңΪʲôҪɱң
Ϊ黪㣬޷飬ֻأ㲻ãǻ߸ƽؿңĿƽ
ҲŵȥһܣȻľ飬ҲûȨɱңɱңֻ֮Żң˼û⵨ɱҡ
ˣͶۼһ𣬾ˣҲ԰齻ˣĴڶѾҪˡ
ô黪أ黪ҲҪô
ûвҪ㣬̤ǰһ黪ҪǴ뿪ģӦ̳ɻ飬˵ʱŹ㣬ѱ´βֶɱ⣬ҪǴ뿪ȥȫĵط
Ҳ뿪ҲҪ뿪ȥ
ȴһסҺˣڲԵʱ黪ΪԸΪū汻ɱˣһͶ׷ˣ
һʲôΪҸԸΪūô
Կһۣյ£黪Ը㣬ǡ㿴磬Լأ²ݣΪʲôҪܣͬҲƣ黪飬һֱòվߣǷĿս˵˴ססҵΪ㿪ĵػţԲһУⷬģ㲻ܹô
ҡ
ŵ棬δ꣬һ˵ƾס
קȭͷ޺޵ܷˡ
ü練ĿأȻݲǽ룬ԥˣ
ƹ¡ҿһҪ뿪ܸܵеĽΣǡ
ҲҪߣãȻҡͷ㿪ǵ֣ߣҲߡ
漱ˡ
Ҳȥ˵ҲߣҲҪߣҲҪ뿪
ɫâ͸ҵ壬ĺӣͷʣΪ͵ģûˣҪʲôأҲҪˣҪˣ
ңһǰ§ҲĹâŵңôˣˣ㵽ʲô
ΪʲôҪЭͲ˽°ôҿʲôҪģ±ɱҲνҲҪ뿪ҲҪŮӣ
ͻȻĻתվ¶Żǵķ޺黪黪
һһ˺ѷΣ
ͬʱһ͵ˣƿ˺Զ
黪黪
ҵķһ˲ȫ¡ͻȻܳǧ»꣬ںɫǻһ˲ɲǣͬ
ǧǰµ鱬Ϳ̿飬ҲԼ
ҳԼĺ˽Զ黪Ҫ˽öֻ࣬ǲŮӣֻһֱ˵Щŵ۾ҵģͷҵģЦҵģҵģԣŻѡٲΪģֻټһ棬һŵѡ
ô˽ԼȴôѹЩ˽ĸ顣
ʱҺãҺãȻֲ塣
ƽϾۼԽԽŨɫâأҿ࿪ʼĴӴܣ˵걻룬кӵޣŮź˲˾Ԩ
Ȼǳǽ߾ȫҪסҵ飬ȴҵˣҵĽ¡
֮ƮڻϿյĻ꣬ͻȻҹڣ־ޱȵ
˼ͬǴ黪ľ꣬黪ֹܹңɱҡ
ҷ·ȴɹŮվɽͷ׳ΣһƬصУɫӰҵߡ

Զ߸߷2

Ҿ֪㲻᲻Ҫң黪硣
˵˫ۣЦôġ
Ѿͷ
˶Ȼ۵ס
ҿɽ±ĥ࣬ͻȻ¶˵ĵ飺ˣôΪ˺İգҲǹģֻǣٿһۡ
ҵͷµĺӡ
ܣͣôĬ˺ܾã˻Ƶҡ
ҡͷίˣǲҪģɾۼһ¾ͱɢˣԼҲƲˣ̧¶Ц黪˵ԣ黪ҵۼģ˵ҲܿסǣֻҪҵЦݣͫ￪ô飬ҵ
ָصʱҿɫͻȻ԰ף۾΢һǿ־Ŀ⿴סƯڰյҡ
֪ʱ۾ģÿһһװҵӰԣˣŵԶˣûκζסˡ
޷ǣ۳ɼȻ󽫼ָҵʱĲ԰ףʹģľΣл䣬ǳ㣬ڵء
Ϊҿأ䴩ؿڵʱЦԽ
ҵľҿҵ飬ǽľûᣬҲΨһİ취
ʱҵѪȾƬɽͷҲȾѩ׵¡
˼䴫ȸԾĻֱ޵̺졣
ǸҵѪȾ˵ɽͷϣ黪סңһһ黽ѾͷҡΣĴ˯ͬʱᣬһνһΣ԰׵Ц⡣
ңĻ
֮Ĺ£ҲֻһĴ˵
˵黪ժҵİľҵѪҺһֻ֮࣬ţȥʱԼ࣬ðľԼѪͬһһƹֻ֮ŵ˵ǳΪʦ
ִ˵ŭջŮ顢кգ黪ץô˻ɢǵԪ飬ٲĻᡣ
˵Ժû˼黪Цһ󣬵ӵ黪ѪͳĻڵһҹ黪ԻصɽŮ͸ġͷѩɢĬĬա
綾絶ҵʹѻʣȻܸоԼȺһҹһľʹֱйůҵʽҵ壬ȡ֮ģʹȴһֻ󻺻˳ȥͻȻףˣľ綾
һʱҲ֪顣
Ҳ֪۾ǷƵģýȰɱ̫
Ҳ֪Сߣ޵üľĻ
Ҳ֪̫ҽȫңʹȫ黪ĴҲעҪʵ
Ҳ֪·߻ħһĿޱرסңκңκ˽ӽңһֱ˵˵ңҵġ
˶Ȼ֮˶ֻؿھĻ･ʱߵߣñʾ裺ܾȻôȻֹͣסૣܣ͸ҷſ
ɸңôãû¶ı飬·Ʋ½˱вģȫǴ̹Ǻɱ⡣
Ȼ󣬾ˡ
˼ȵƣ룬Ѹо˿ʹ⣬֪ΪڵĶȫߡ
Сѵʱ򣬸˵رסֿЦţ۾ˣˣľˣɺͶͣƺҲˣͻȻķݾΨ衣
۾˵еľ綾һ٣ֲһ䣬黪ˡ
һ˲ʵأΪβûô
۾Цˣô£黪תЩΣ壬λմ̫̫Ҫǰģûµġ
ҵͷҩ£˶Ϊҷˣһصм¡
ҲǻŮҲȴⶾҪ
˯һᣬʱǻƻ裬۾Ҵһĵطվţ˫նѰһ˿
С壬æ壬֣վǶ𣬹
ң΢ȴδӦ֣˾ͺã˵ˣҡֻ
ҺȻʲôִ£Բƭ㣬˵ɵ£һˣ˵㣬ҡС壬ҶĺܲƽԲ𡣡
ȻǳĬ
Ŀôƽƽ԰ףʹż¶˿ҲֻԳѣûвƽҲÿζ˵Ҫ㣬ܵ˺գס˶ҡ
ҵͷץסֽ
ƫĿ⣬ǹЦ⣺û¾ͺãû˼úϢҡˡ
˺һһɣת뿪
ͻȻסıӰС壬ǡҪһӣǷġ
û˵꣬Ҫȥر߽ߣĴﻢÿԴǣļˣİˣ뿪
˵䣬һ̤ݾӣʧϦ

Զ߸߷3

죬СȰִҪȥȰ̫󣬰̫ñʹạ̊́ҲñΣʳǵشڴȰ
ȰûյʢŮȫȥֻʣһԷĹһҰĶעįŮˡ
˿ţ˱Ƕľǹӹ㡣
̫ڴǰ¯ĵط˿׽͸ЦͻȻ֣ʵûϬĹ⻪ҲǸ˻Щ۵Ů˰ˡ
ôҡ
Ҵһ˲ŵûΪֻǣԼȥ߽˵ҪĺϹ
ԣ̫Ȼסңֻţֹȥ
ҶС־£Ȱöģ
̫̾Цҡҡͷ־£ǲǣң֪Īĸ̫˽ˡ
ŵ棬һ֡
̫ǣô
ҴһǳǳЦ𣺡޹ùʱ򣬲òɱʱ򣬻ΪòСʱҶһֱк㣬ҲԼҲˣԼɵڶ㡣
̫ЦˣڶңǣΪǶ㣬ļˣǶĵذ㣬ܰ˺˺ǵʱ룬ǲʲôԣǲҲǱƵģԣŻв޵ľ򣬶ȴûС
ͫ˵̫빬ʱҲǸʮ¶Ů񡭡
ҹôңǻͷһۣ£Ҳ䵽⸱ءԳһЦ˱ƣǳ
Ҿһֱδ˵Ҫɱ㣬Сһߣŵɣţϣ
ˣᣬҲãͲ䵱黪ţϣ仰һǷɡ
ҲҪˣٶȳҵҲѾղˣһõġ
̫Цˣĵ˵ģĶõ֤Ҿ˿⣬ֲﲻԾֵտΪ¶ƣҺúޣȴҲöʼɣΪΣ˾Ϊ˴һزأ
Ҵ֪δҲҪҵĻӦ
ǣһ˿꣬͸ֹȥ߽ŲԼĶӣӫʵ̫£Ƕġ
üͷ˲ӫ󣬹ȻϹ黪йô
ֹйأǣ
̫˵赭дȴ޴ҵؿڣһΪҪ黪ңӵ⣬ȫҲһ˵ķǷɫģ
ҾͲ֪ˣֻ˵Ҫȼ£Ҫ꣬ҪսҲ룬ϵĸǾսģðҶȨջңϣͨսοϻһֱҪ
ʲôæʡ
ЦЦ۾Ƕ죬ȡˣʵǲǡû˵꣬һѪѴһæǰסȴֹסҵ¯ж
㡭ֲܾζ֣뾹Ƕ
æʹ齫¯⣬ҷס壬ɫ԰ףȴЦһЦ˵ɵϣǣʱ㲻ôǸԼǲҲ˶ɣ
ü˶ҾͲ㣬ô
ôǿ˶ѣ˵ţһ͵ĿԣǿѪŻİɡⶾ˲㣬ԵԶž˲Ż
һҴ
ԶԻʶԶҩ˲þͬʱʴ˵ֶʲô˶ˣ
ЦѪʵҪĶֻܴǶõãǺǣǾõԼˡ
̣ȥСҺĨ˰ᣬ롣
һסңȥҪȥ
ĸס
Ҳ䡭˵ŰȴһֱԼĹߣҺҹͫ꣬ҺǶҵҸԡԣҲҪǵģҪػĽɽҪػˣػ˾㡭ˮ۽ǻ䣬ЦݣôȻ߿ޱЦĿ⽥ͶңԶĵطҲйҵģҺĸҵãʱ򡭡ôģһȥ棬һϦУҵѩҵǽʱΪҸˡЩȫŪˣóްͬԼˡ
һЦֿңþȫסҵ֣ǣȻ಻ǣûУİ㣬ôֻ꣬ʣһˣ㣬ߣҪįҪһ˻š
ƴͷֻܰģãһ
ĵЦˣ۾˵ԽԽ᣺һһҪ޸ͨˡȻ󡭡ѩҪÿ춼ɵػţҪѩѩҵѩԲ㡭ǰģģǡ
һ˿ϦӴҹɫ

Զ߸߷4

̫һӣһӵŮˣڵһ¶ȻЦݡ
ʲôҲû˵ֻ˽̫ᡣ
̫׵ʱ򣬾ˣվһߣûһ˿Ϣ̫ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲţͬʧȥĿܣ˱ˣ֪
ľ裬ЦˣͻȻôѹǰס֣Ҫ˵ЩʲôƿңһˣʧҹɫС
صݾӣԶԶ滶Ц㱧ŻںѾ󸹱˵ʲôСվһ϶ЦһįķݾͻȻôԾ
ķݾӣҷҽȥˣʱһѹС壬ȴǿװЦ⡣
ǣת뿪ںҹĿĵߣ˵Ŀģɵһʱվĵſڡ
ֿ˻ĵһյµƣڹµ¾ֵۣĸоͺΧһжһ档
ǣű߿ɵɵЦˣʱǸоҵĴڣһֱδĵ̧
Ŀ⽻ӵɲǣͻȻůò˼顣
ҲܵﻹվźöˣҲʲô´£Ҷ̤ߵǰع£Ȼ󣬰ͷϥϡ
ͻȻЩģһЩֲס̲סĺЦգֲҵԣĬĬȥŹϵ˲䣬ǰֻʣҺˣζôϤϤҾůޱȡ
˶Ĭһᣬȿ˿ڣúúϢģǡ
㻹ôұ۾ҺҽһѾͷء
˽壬ḧҵĶҪˣô
ҺȻƣƵ޷磬ϣѾͷô
ңĬһ˲һУȷʵҪ㣬㡭úһߡ
һ۾̧ͷǵЦ⡣
磬ѾͷߣҲˡ
֪
ѾͷСһ𣬹Լ
ãֻҪ㿪ġ
ѾͷῪģһᣬңѾͷҲ㣬Ѿͷȫ͸С塣
˵ĿԽԽȻҶ֣ôᡢů⣺ȷʵңú;һһֱȥ
ãһᣡ

Ļ᲻㣡

һģ

ǣô̧סҲӨ۾
ҵͣһͣǵЦ⣺ҡᾡȥ㡣
ҲЦˣЦŰͷ£Цס֣һů⣺磬ѾͷҪһ
֪Ҫʲôһ㣬סңЦǣúҽ
ʲô
ЦŵҲңô
Ҳ˲壬˵֣ȴͻȻֺʣǸҪ˵Ǽôѵ飬ǣ§סĲҲѹֲĸ飬ؿڿ磬ǸˣѾͷ
ңԶңҲйҵκ顣
ҵĻݺʹҵĵס
ڶ峿ŶʮȥϻԭפʮϣһȥĻľ͵ȼὫ죬һǻһ˼黪ȷʵûѪҺˣֻʵѪҺɾлġ
ڲϰһҪ嵽ǰȥ´Ͳ˵ЩˤòװǰˣǼԱȫרŵľ󣬼ǰУǵߣǰɱסҡ
鼱֮£һˣӻͳǰĸݺǰһӣһӣûо裬ǰ˵µľ
ѽ˭ңľһŭȣȫͣС
һû뵽ôӦȴΧһȺʿ৵һָסңǶͱֱ뵽Һա
㣡˭µģƻоðˣľƿھͶҴһһ㶣ٽָסҵüģæ־𣬶˵Ͷ
飬Ҵˣ
һڣøףȫжôϸò¶֪Ůġ
֪Լȥˣժͷ˼سľЦЦľ۾°Ͳûϡ
Χ˰Σͽһָҵ㡭ǡ
ǣЦеؽĻǻʺ󣬲ǻŮɵǡ
ЦȻ㵵ľ裬ƫͷǹ˿ǳǳȴĵЦ⣬ҲǰüιҸһ磬ﵽۣ㲻οһ£ȻЦְһȥˣ
ңָճڣȴһҲϵתͷ̲סˣЦ˳Ҳȥ̫ģ֪ǽֻһġ
ЦЦЦЦ㣡
죬ȴһקϣκηĻᣬҵĶߣǣĺɵ㲻úһ뿪ڹǡ
ô˵ţȴԽԽ
ЦˣĻ˵˵޸㣬ҪԶ߸߷ɵġ
ˣߣҲ뿪ĺ𣬹ҵĶϡ
ͷס۾ЦݵӳģֻҪ㲻ƿңҾ뿪㡣
£סҵĴģǵ
ҳĹԺȴֳЦ⣬ҹҪ齻ҵģȥıӰͬţúûȥһҪúõػȥ͵ǴӲѾͷһԡ

Ը1

ΪǻˣΪ黪ֿʼˣͬ漣һ㣬ϵȷȷʵʵʼ䵭ˡ
Ц˵춼뿪ҲЦȴ֪ΪΣôҲЦ
䵭ȥ齥ָҲŻᾪȵط֣ԭһֱƯİƲ㾹һǻȥԩꡣ
ǣһ·ϣҲϿֻ֮ţ֮裬յԩ˿ȥԽԽļ
ϻĲ֪˴ȫʮˣ黪ʮı˭ɲɾȴЦЦȫ˺ʮôǧҾɱǴӴ˲̤黪벽һＴͬսǰģʱġ
˵˵Ͼʮ˵費ҵģպ̽Ҿ飬ų澫󣬾Ϊʿֻ򾫱֮Կȫʤɱ˴Ҳ١
⻹ֹڶ췽ҽвϣҳ񣬻ûŪʲô¾ͱһͷԼվĵطǿѪܵͷٿӪϿգѪ£ͷ­һŽһű䵽Χ
ۿӪǰɽ黪ı߽紦һľԭʯľʱװصȫսϵ黪ʿͷܱѿսּȲ̵Ľ֮ƾκһ˶޷̣Ľ䲻ܴܱȴӪʿɼӰ졣ҵǵؿ۾裬ŭգɱȻ
ȫվסһŭȣסӪĲֻ޴룬ӿͷŭȵ˭ٶһã
˻ڣ˭ٶͬͻȻ˶ӵľ׮ڡǹֵꡱУ±ͷ­У±һѪվñֱ
軺ɨӪӢ˲ֱӣʲôʲô۾ˣЩ֮ǰǰѾԻ̸񲻵ɳ⸱ӣǸö𣿸𣿣ǸǵĵȺǵ˲ŶԣȫҰѵ

৵һʮͬʱٵף캳أ
ҿӢ˵ľ裬ϲãĻһʲôֻЦЦһ۵ҲǾӪ˰ܸһ˱㻤ţ㲻⣬һϡأ
һЦңУǽü
ҵû⸱ƤЦ
ɲòϵǣľȷʵ˶ôһ˿ãʺϵ黪
ٻ£ô붼мӫ磬ǰΪ飬ӥȥ̽׼һ㣬ӥϿձͬʱ֮ӥĳӸӽ˵зӪ
ӥȡ鱨²û֪ӫȴڳϹǣض뵽һӥ̽з飬ԣ׼
̫ǰ˵ĻӫҪȼ£ҪսҪ꣬˵Ϊ˵õս˵ͨϾͲˣҪʲôأҪҪɽǻ˵ҪһȺʲô
ҹľʱҰӫݺĿĶ˵˳üһ˲ң᲻ʲôҪûǲġ
ҡҡͷܣܹػģңûκˡ
ľһͻȻİ˵⣬裬㲻ıе𣿴ͷԵģ۾һҲûУֱͿ˵Ŀܡ
ЦЦⲻ֣ܹģӫǿ󣬿ĲǼϡ¡
֪Լʧĵ飬⾪һ亹ô˵ͳıѾӫô
迴һۣӦֻЩҲˣԳĻƢԼıͷ
ɳ鲻ӫܿƵס
ҵҲҲʧôһ٣ֵ鲻ȴǳ֮οԺöǿӫҪѡ
̫أҲǸǿŮ˰ֲôġľʶʳڣͽԼʵòӦã΢ε˾һۡ
һԽ͵޷̫Ϊ̫ǶҪĶ
Ҳ޷黪ôǿܿסġ赭ҵĻޱ飬Ҹġ
ľΪûˣͽԵͷѹ֣Ҫ̫󵷻黪ġ
ҺݺݵľһۣʾסˣľһûӦҵ֣Цּãڵôҡ
һʱסû뵽δ૵ϲ㵣ҡ

Ը2

ľЦתͷоɫҰһۣĥҪȥţȴһµоϻĵͼΣû´Ǿͻṥɱһףɱʮ֪ʲôĿܾˣԹףǸҵӫ󣡡
ͬصͷ
ľӫǵͷضھӪӪɽôȥ
ʵиܽȥüľԿһۡ
ľ۾һһȭƵ߳
ͷǴ԰ǵıȻҽɽӫֻһʮӲƴʮ򣬺ܻܿء
ľü۵ͼʵҲδɣֻҪܰԭǴ򣬱ϾϤԭΣЩʱ仹ǿԵģͳʱӫ˵һѶŷ±ء
һҲӫأҾǵͷҲʲôӦһ˼ԣǵôȥӫҪЩʲôֹֻҡʲôطҪضȽĳʱĸطۼ֮أܿЩˣֻҡ
̧裬üͷδ˵ֹĻǲԸ飺ǣ֪һȥٲܻŻ
ЦЦ⼸һֱڿԼһΪһô
ƫĿⲻٿң̾ЦսһӦľ裬ҲֻҵİΣʱŻԥ¡
ס֣ҶסС壬ұȥӫ󣬲Ϊ黪и󲻵òף§סҡʲô󡯵ʱ䣬οܺһûʲôá
ҹȴ죬ӦϷǻȥ˼Ŀұž裬Լָǰ֣˼ԽƮԽԶ
սҹȫװһĨϦݽƽߵʱʮƽɽ
վԭȵļƻǱȰɽȻҺ;ҹɫɽУľȫս
һֺ£ôҹǲѪȵɱ¾֮ҹ
ɽʱ֣ʮֹͣǰУųһη󣬶ǰŵУ߿ȥı߶ͷּ֮ҹ赲ߣҾѹֲ
ս֮֮ľбİ֣ϣ캳ء
ɽȴƽΨֺڶ
ľ޺޵ȺСʹ죬ǵˡ
ЦЦľǾͰԭȼƻģǳ
ľЦ˸ƣһδӦͽһ쳶ɤ
һͷ󣬵৵һʮ򹭼ͬʱȼ˻ļͷǵ㣬ͳһȫͷ׼һƬɽ
š
Ŀֻʮֻͬǰͷ৵ûС̹ɽʱһƬӰ죬вҽԾ𣬽֮ңʵȻľ
ǻǵġ
оҶ˵ૣͻȻΪЩʿǱ̣಻ֹ
֪⼸ʮȥǶˡ૳ڣֻϣܾͳı
ɾȴ࣬פɽ⴦ĲЩп޵СЩɽĲǺݽɫ
䣬΢΢ҡΣֺ졣̧ǰӳóֺӰܼܶͬϺų
ˡȴ˿˷ܵЦ⣬ľҺǳȥԭˣ϶þ϶á
֪ľסЩӿĵоţȴһǸԾԾɱģ
и̾˵״СսϳԽѴ̷Խ˷ܡ
迴һۣסҵֽһô
࿴ţ£ǻŮ˭ңҴͿ̿š
üЦ֪ǻɱ鷳㻹ŵֹӫ󣬷ȻӺʹ˻ң
֪⼥ңذһۣЦõ⣬ɱ֡
սȻֿնԲ죬ָһգſʱѶ˰ѷ񳤵ı
ͬʱǻһʮ򲽱ͬʱ׼ǵӿĵо
ǣңҶ߳һ§ҵ塣
ЦЦŲҪ㱣Լԡ
Ц§øڵоǷɲǵ׼ƫҪ㣡
ҡһ죡
Ц䣬оǳײһһʱ䣬ɱҽͳͳһƬҹ±ųſŻ𻨣Ѫɽ֫ϱ䡣

Ը3

սԵô꣬ȴҵһ䣬ʹʮǰ۾ҸϵսʱҲһƬʬ÷ֺɱʱĳ档
ǿΧˣһɱ۵ı飬Ķƴľõֱֻʬ˳ȥ±˲䣬ɲĵɱǵĵˡ
һоһɱУһ濿ɽŷӦæ黽ҪƲ㽵䣬ȴڶߵ˻ǺǷƲ㣬ЯŻǳɽ
ͻȻӫķȥˣþϣȴתͷ˽ƫƧĵطߣѿʼûӦһͽɱְǵ¶ҵϣ
˼Ҳҵ飬æ·棬һɽƸЩĵطһͬͷľѾűԭȥ˿
вٵоҾȥɽصѾ࣬ҿܣȴȻּ䴩Ŀˣǰ治ԶɽУһصĶѨһһУȥ޻ء
ǶôҲ˶Ѩҡ
ҵ˵ͷȴ֪ΪΣﾹ˿ľ⡣費ؿңæЦЦ߰ɡ
ԥһ˲಻ٶʣǣҵ־Ѩȥ
価ݣһһ飬ûãǿ˺ͳ˱㷢ǵĲԾһ·׷ɱѨǰʣ࣬軹ܵסһƽѨ豳ҵȥǣ
ǰΪ빬ҲڵУŲԸȥЦЦر֤
ŷЦתȥ߼ǣ㣡
ءһ£󲽳ȥ
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Ҳ֪Ϊʲô׵ɲǣ˾ͲԾؽҪ̽ںѡһؽӽֻа벽ĵط̽￴ȥ
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ӫ󵭿һۣû˵ʲôߵǰͫ˿ҲܺãȶǶҪá
һЦˣסӲȺݶ֮˾Ҳ¶Ц⡣
㡭̫Ҫģǹùõʬ壿лͷ˵ʱԼþ㵡
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Ǽ֣Ψһˡ
һסӫ㾿˭
ͫĵܵܣΨһˣֽǻظһ顣
Ҷܣù׿ңĵܵˣΪĸʦʦãĵܱܵˣƭң
ֻȴδٶȻӫƶЦţתסͫ꣬˵˵ȥ⻹ллǸø֪ĸ黪ʦǴ˶ϣΪӹһ٣ȴûϵӴ֮ã¸Ҳһͼ̳λˣ֮£ֻٻغһȥƫɣ״ѩӵҡ
˵˴ͫһ˿ڴһǣɲǼ䣬ɫĩͫķ˿Ϸɢȥһӫͷͬĵɫ

Ը4

ͻȻͫҵξǸվ¹ҹһͬǵŮӵͷҲǷɫģʱйɣԼۻ룬ԭӫǽܣɫͷʦƽ֮ӵ֤
ӫ㾿ʲôﲻԤԽԽǿңֻܾԼ侲
ӫˣЦøˣǣ֪Ѽһǧ꣬ǷŽĳ֮˵ʱǸˣܸ
ܣǻŮҲֻ֮ܿ˲ܸ˭Ҳı䲻˵ʵ
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ԣսֻΪ˵õ꣬Ҫùã
ӫЦͽ䣺ûʸùá
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˶ĺûɱһǧƵģˣ黪һǧ꣬ȫ鱬Ŷ
Ҳóѵģϰѳ桢˵⿪ȻҶɱ㣬Ѫ黪ʿ꣡
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ҽζ̽ŵ죿ô˵ϵҽ
ЦЦ㲻һֱǸôҪ˵ңʮҲýɡ
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ʣʲôףΪ֪ҲĳӣȴɸԸߡ
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㵽˵ʲôЦҿɫ԰ףѪɫԼ
սңֱסҵ۾һһ˵Ϊ˾㣬ϧԼϿ䣬֪ʲôǷôҲݶ֮һŶԽߵת˵ϣ֮㲻ǣҪ
˵һѹѾõŭڱȥȴ˿δ㣬ǵЦӴĿġ
һ㣬뻨ĵʮ죬Ҳ˰ɣ˵˴˶٣ֲŶԣǺǺǺǣ
ﲻϸԼҪȥ˵κһ֣۾ǲԼ֣ɫѼ˵òʣۼȻпֻޱȣɿ֣

Ը5

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Ȼҵ°ͣ˫ͫɫ԰ףЦúóҵʧȥʱʹζɣɱңԼ
һֽƵڵأתͫ꣬һЦ㣬ǿټˣǰһˣ㿪ģһܿģԲԣ
һ־ľ׼ͫؿڣͬʱƯڶе뿴
̫ģ̫⣬ŤЦ⣬ûע⵽ҴӸղſʼһֱҲһ˿Цҵǹ𣺡Щ£ùö֪Բԣ
׼ùã
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黪һǧͳһ黪桢ţ黪ͬ궬ӭȢ֮ŮūΪ黪ϣǿ
ȫ꣩


 1

͢԰ǸƫƧ䣬ĵĳïʢϲ¾飬͢еۻѪȡ
ĸΪǶޱƣޣɰ豼ۡĸеЦݣԶӨĸЦֻǣû꣬ĸ徣ټЦֻ
˵黪ǧǿˣܸ黪ʷǰĲʢԤԣ˶ԶżĸֻǸͨƽûԸһƽ֮ӵλ
ȨͼֻѰһ黹û۵徻֮ءɸȴ
黪Ҫ黪Զǿȥ
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ŮŮҲ
ӼĵһﰵȼյĹâһ£ŮǵλȨˡ
ΪһΪĻʺҪԶһ𡣡΢Цȴûйâ
أαѧ˵ĮѧΪ΢ЦԼеļįͬãѩ߰ĮŮĵףʵǿյġ
ͬĹ¶Ѱһ˿ݣѩãȻĳϦҹ˵磬Ұ㣬޿ɾҩذ㣬Ҿκεõ㡣
һž޴֩۸ӣճϣԽԽǱơ
ʮʱѾԽ黪κһˣĸҹһ̣ΪԼˣǿģû˿ס
ֻǣռʿҲռԼԼϢϢص˵δԣôҲ뵽ҹϣҹȻʩĶ䣬䣬ľô
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ǣĵͽԶܱ˼
Ϊ˽Ĺƺͱ߽Σȥ˲ԭǸˮĵطһŸɾЦݷ·˳ȾŮӴˣפͷ
ʱǲţѾŨڲԭϣ۾ͣڻĺֻһۣҲ޷ƿԼ۾УĳЩᴥĻҲһ˲ĴǾɲЦݣЦݣģС
硭硭ϲôϲѾͷϲЦȻǳͫﵹӳӰӡ
ģٿհס
䣬Ҳ֮𡭡

 2

ѾͷƤܣ᲻ϳҩΪ˺һǣȴˣеЦݣĻ޵顣
ö飬شףʵһǰЦĵױ˵ˡٱʲôǰֻ˵ѾͷüįֻҪ˻һҵ㡭
ȻһŮ߽ǣѾͷһԲԭ
̫ĴȰ֪ܶ͵һŤͷȴֻһӰ
һ̣ͻȻǸڲԭСѾͷӴܵıӰĺʽǵĴϣССźصȫⱦСӰĲô䡣
סֻ֣ռԼơһЩ׺ɣζ
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ͻȻףڲԭеıǴӺζı۾ɱ۾֣߱Ŀ֡
Բ𡭡
仰Ҳ벻ԡ
ڹ͢ѧԹɫ֪ʣЩۻ֮Ƿ嵭κﶼҪĵǣһ죬ʶرܿʶ˵ŮײסʱȻףаǿĥġ
ﾲʢİֻµࡣȨ֮ôãѾˣൽԼǷĴס
ˣֻܾ·ͳŲӥᣬȥʲôûܹס

 3

ͬɣǾվͬĹâĹâֻңңԾģߣнǻص˴ǰڲԭʱĿԡ
ʹȻϲȥ԰Ľﾲһᣬ԰Ծǹ͢ǣööҹҹ£ŶݶϣŵкŮЦǴ֣ǣԶЦݡ
ǣҲЦǱȾΪį
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䵭Ƕõıһǣס̫һҲģǣϺ֮ңΪ˶ס죬ʼ׼ӽǵùҹ˵ڲԭʱ˵г֮Ȼǿӣ٣֮һǶģ͵Ƿһ飬òã
ӣЦݣῪ֪ЦݣĻʹ⡣
Ȼ죬ʧұҲδܷӰļ٣Ƿవ˶˶ֱ֣ɴӹ;һʱ˿ɽӶļįʧȴռķ
ԣӹʧˣϦҴȥôǣҪ㣿
ͻȻȼĳֹâ£ڳԴô
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ϷǼҹӵһ˯ǴӲ֪ÿÿ˯֮ᳶϵߣȻ˯ݣһ
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