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豾ֳ¥󵱼ҡ 
¥Ĳš䡢񡢰Ȼˮ޺ۣ 
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ѩѩǧ꣬ٳˣУ䣬鼫Ϊ𱬣ʮ߰ǰ 
輣ѩŮŮ˹֮һɽӻ飬ѩܳ 
绪Ըŵ޶˹֮һ輣ղǧ꣬ʦȴݡ 
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һãԸѩΪУѩ󣬻̬Щı䡣 
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ӣܻһЩ飬磬Щʢеĸ衣 
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Ϊʲôֻԧ첻ɣΪʲô 
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˵ⲿʷȻܿգᵽĳ໥ӦģʷҲһȤĻԿûеĻҲͿѪлλ֧֡ 
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һеĺڰȻȴͻȻƾһĵϹ⣬һأһء 

Ե˾ֵȥ˫ȴɽһشϹ⡣ͻȻ־ףո˿̾Ȼ㶼ûУһжѾʧһ 

Ȼ󡭡Ԥһ죬纵װǣԵ˲ɵվŶȥȴԼˣʲôѹԼ壬ʱڰгһӰ 

һƲ˫۵Ӱ 

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һ˲һУӻһ㵭һǺɴ˼ΪԼһ˲ʧһִԭأûע⵽ϵ·Ѿˮʪ͸ˡ 

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ţǶôһǡͷĶıˣҵʱزֻµ۳Ӵ˴ǮׯС̯ﶼ֣µǵҵ׶᲻á 

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һ˫ͷӹͷһƮɵ뿪䡭 

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ĬƬ̣Ӱ£ͻȻүһУﰲҪԹ𻨸⡪ 

 

ջɳ 

СˮϦ 

ȰĪҪ쳾 

 

Թźձ 

ɲǷ 

䱧ãšԣһµӰ 

СĸԽԽˡӰЦţӹ÷ڰϣţȥүѾöˣС㲻ù 

ͷ˵Ҳ֣ôڴϾȻ˯ѩȥأ˵ţڴЦôҲǸӡ 

Ӱȥȴ鲢ûô򵥡 

һ͵͵ЦӴ⴫Ӱһվʵڣ 

һ㶣ҪȴӰһס 

ںҩɫͻȻһ䣬Ӱ 

үﰲȻͷ˴ɱȥ 

үﰲ󾪣ɵ׷˳ȥ 

ûü룬Ծʮľ룬غֱķ䡣ȴֻüסӰµӣӰ 

׷ķﰲһʱҲסˣڵѪɫվһԣһסԲѵӰϥڵϡ 

үﰲɫһ̽ȥ裬ῪڣӰڡ 

һ𣬻Ӱɫָһ侲Ӱ游ˡʮţȥʲôҪ㡣ķԸ 

Ŀżش󣬵ͷԲѵӰˮͻȻƲסӰӰӰѣ㲻Ҫң㡭 

һַסҡӰ֣һο㣬Ӱֻιȥˡ˵˿Ӱ㣬ô£ 

ҡͷ밢Ӱ˵ŻͻȻ˽Ȼ󣬰ӰͻȻͱú˺򲻹ӰӴ˳ȥӳȥӰεˡ 

ü꣬һɫȻò԰ףֵ̧̿ͷŷﰲﰲҲɫæ˹̽Ӱ輱ĵ׷ʣô 

ﰲ̧ͷʱ˫üҡͷжǣҿʲô 

һʱ侹ȻȫסˣԭѾ԰׵ɫ˿Ѿûɫתͷˮһεڵϣþȫһ䣺ǡо𣿡 





 ɵ

ͷӰĿڣӰ磬ûôӰﰲ֡ 

ﰲһȥҡ 

ԥһ£ﰲ̾Ϣ裬Ҫ˴¡ŵͷŷﰲӰᱧת뿪ŻվģﰲһӴĮԶҩоһס 

Ϊҡˮֹס£̾ͷ˿䣬̲סȥϵˮˣµġ 

ģ̧ͷЩڣֺȴĪ˰ġ 

赭΢ЦģҴӲƭˡ˵꣬ڵҹգһģܲƭȰοԼĻȴȰοˣǿЦ 

谵߬ȭϡǵúܶǰǻӵĴϣһ˫ӣϲ 

κβ 

̧ǰ꣬Щãʲôʱ򳤵ñԼأһգŮҲҪ̾磬ԭΪֻǸͨĸүµľϹңһ˼ҵӵеȡ 

Сոһ˲ᡣ 

ţһңͨ졣ԼʲôأӰأһߣԼȻ 

ĬĬվƬ̣̾ת뿪ûй˼ɵ뷨 

 

ǣǣȻ˫ǣھøʢĺ¥棬һ¥ÿսĴԹ󲢲Ⱥ¥ٶ٣⴦¥ΪĪʣǽ䡰ĪʾƼҺδСѩ󣬽ֵϵĹЩۣʱ磬ĪʼĿ˲ϣžƱһʱʧ 

ûĪʼĪʼҵƹ񺫳·ǰŪһװŪ׽ˣûаøУλãȴĪʼԱߵһССĶ 

ܲ˵ĪʼҵķʢȣСʵ̫˵磬оȻֻˣһǷ裬һһ£ңңڽ 

¾Ʊ͵͵̾Ϣһ˵ƽǣԴӵôһƾûҶԼľʮȥⱭҪһˣʲô 

С裡ƣӻһ䡣 

أСӦһתɫŹȴƨ߶ƨ߶¥ȥλҶүʱҪʲô˼ҽƹݶɣǺȾƳԷġã緹ʱ͹ˣҪ˼һƣһûһĲ衣 

ǲݶ𣿵СɻĿ˿ԼҵӣҰûд 

һһںŲ裬ʵҲǺȲȥˡ˭ҲܲСʱͣĺȲ費ǡ 

ڣ˲豭ٴγ̾Ϣһ 

˵ƽλӷǣʵȤİ¹Цһ 

Ĳͷûȵķ˸۶һ˫ĿһҪܡϢ 

ǰ¹ӲЦһվ겻λСֵҲԵС־һ˵ţٱҪȡ 

ʼ磬ȥֱӣ㾴ɾɣ㾴Ҳܺȡ 

¹һ㶣˵ʲôҲû뵽ǰޱȵ˲ӣɸӸȤ˷磬ܷСֵܴ 

÷Ƶ˫Ŀ죬ǻ˵Ȼôһļһ 

ɷմ˷粻ģʵ 

һֻ뿪ǲͷĻ˻֣ҽз裬ˣȥɡ 

˵ʲôһŵ÷ЩӴȥ˫ۻͷȥŭҪʲδֻԳƽʲôİ¹ӽüĿԲŭǼɱˣסˡ 

Ƿ衭㡭áһָָֻŷ裬ָסĲȴ֪ΪŭǱʲôһ仰˵


 
 

 ɵлѾ

˷ָŷŭյ˵һ˫۾ɻ˷úõľǲ˵ʲôüͷιλ֣㵽ǡ˭ 

˷磬ȻǵˣǡǸһ߷ɵ˷磡 

Ŷţѵĵͷۼǰİѹת˲һŤĹңԼ֡ӣô 

һ߷ɣʲôʱ򡭡 

ˣȻˣǸʱǰ㡭Ůӣǡ㡭˷״εĶŷָֻţȴ˵Ȼ 

ʲôǵãһμӰʱ򣬺ôһСǵǮǸС죬衭 

Ŷ˵ô£ǸʱΪ˷˵ԼС֣ԼʮʩչȭŽѵһ£󻹱游ĺܲңӴû֪һĸֻ֣˵¥Ķң书 

֮벻˷֪ʱүһ˼ȫӰ˫ˣĻȥһ쳤ԲǱⰡ 

ЦƱôһ֣ɵÿ࣬ԭ½磬ʧ񡣡˵žǰǱƣ֣˴˱ȫˡ˵Žһֱûȵľһȥָֻܿ˹е򶨣΢Цǣõߡ 

˷״һ㶣㡭 

һЦкСþƲˣλרѰʵҲһ벻֮С鶼ȥˣֺαء̬ͻȻת䣬ȻЦҪԺΪ֪̽᲻ 

˷类һٰʮȵ̬תŪͷֲ֣ЦˣҲû취ֵˣֶСˣλֻǡ˵ʲôȴͻȻȥĿڵ̽̽ 

ȻһЦ֪лû˵ȴʣֵĵǣûпֵܶԵñůԼıԡ 

˷Զʱŭȫָֻ˰󣬡¶֪Ҳǲʶˡ 

Цȴмķۣ˭ʶⳡزˣߣ˷磡 

ŶΪڽڴĮ˷絭Ȼ 

ɫһ䣬ֳӴĮ 

ǡ˷ͷ 

ͨҩ輱еĿڡ 

˷һ㶣һЩ 

Դһȡöɵ룬ܷ֪úζнⷨ 

˷ȥӣȴ£Ӱ˵ݹ඾δСġô˵ȴ͸ĽҹﰲƾƽѧסӰĶԣʲô֪Ӻν 

˷ӣһ۷Щҵɫס̾ߵ˴ҩɽ⣬Ż˽뵽ˣȥֶԹɢˡ 

ͷȥϸǼö룬üͷձļ١ 

˷ԼķɵŪ룬ʵж֮ˣɱֳʲô쳣 

⡭룬˯ʧʱԣȻˣҲǺ 

˷˵˵ͷͻȻ뵽ʲôŷֵ˵඾δ壬մ֣Ϊηֵܾôֱŵ˹ 

һĬãֱ˷ͷŻĿڣ׷ٶ֮ﹲһҳ֮ã԰ٶ֡ 

Ŷ˷ȫû뵽ôɣ̧ͷŷ裬򶾹㾹Ȼû 

ЦûûҾͰٶˣǣһгһҿƲڵĶžͻһŻңͷʣ¡ 

ô˵ѪҺҲжģ˷羪ĵ 

ûͷһ˫еһôʵһĨʹ 

˷ҲЩʧԣͷֿ룬ԷҪ֤һ£ֵһʱ󵽳⣬жۡ 

Դϲ֣ôˡ 





ڰ ϥһΪ

үգҪҪȥһ˻γǣӰʮŹڷǰվŷﰲ 

Ų裬Ƭ̺󷽿ڣ׼ôˣ 

үǵʵӦÿ볯͢ԿˣܶΪʤȯˡӰʮʵ 

γǣ游˼ĵǣͽǵ£طҲǰ̫ӵ¡ 

û˵ʲôվ˿⣬˰֡ 

ﰲӰʮŵȥɣүȥγǵ£һ֪ͨ׼ 

ǡӰʮӦһȻʧ 

豳ⲽת˼ȦԷﰲӰ磬ҳȥߣ¥ߣ㶢һ¡ 

ź˾ƣҪȥﰲһü 

쳤̾ǻһ취Ҳᡭйˡ쳣ﰲҲͷһң˵仰Ȼﰲֱȥˡ 

 

֣˳⣬ӭ˷硣 

ֵܣڲԶĵطȥһɡ˷һȭ 

ͷ˷һլԺ߳һʿԼжʮ˾ģ΢΢Ц˷磬˵λֵܣ 

ǣЦ翴СоɣܰͰɡ˷һЦͷ˷һۡ 

ʿ辯ĿԼҡͷЦǺãﶼô 

Ƶʼ磬ôҲ˵Ǻأ 

ֵܣ˷ûⶾϵĶҵ֪ⶾķ˵ҩûеģңȡ÷Ҳڼѣֻ½ҩ֣ж֮Ѿʿ˵ŷһ˫۾ȻĿԼɺǺһЦ¶ӰЦ٣ֵܲҪġ 

һöˣûм˲֪λӰЦٵģæֻ񣬡ЦĪ֡Цַ˵ⶾн⣬ֻǽҩѰ 

ǡЦٵͷ 

Цִͽ̷ɽ𺣣ϧһɨء 

Цٲһ㶣۹ɨ˷磬ԭ˷ĻλҵĶүʮ̻ĶҼΪһ紫  

˷Ҳ֣ж֮һ򵥣򡭡 

ԥ͵̾һһ֪֣񡭡Ҳ½⣬ֻ󡭡˵Ųҧ´ԳͲˣ뵽ӰڵϦһ̾һ°˫ϥ򵹣ֻλܽͽ̣Ӵҡ 

Цٴһȷѻ˵ѾֽαˣжϥлƽһЦĳε𡣡 

ɫͨ죬Ŵٲ˵һ仰 

ЦټˣҲͲ˼֣̾ɷ־ķαΪһݶ 

ԿЦҡͷ¥ݺݺ༫ɫ󲻹һЦ 

Цٲɴ㵰Σ󣬲һЦͻȻİкã裬ϥһ򣬲ΪزΪգȴֻΪһЦͳһ㣬ЦԸԸ 

ҲЩ⣬زյ£ĿЦ٣ոҲԼС꣬Īǡ 

ѩأ豧ϥӰĴ£Цİ취ȷʵѣǣҲȫ첻 

ңγǡγǡ 

׼ôͣҲȷʵЩЧЩԣ˵λĻҪǣЩ 

ӰʮͻȻǰү¸ոյõϢ˵үҪѲǣ


 
 


ھ ɳӽ񳯵

ȵɫϣǰһˣĿȻλ˼Ҫô˻ᣬɱ񣿡 

үѲʥּûʽ´Ӱʵȷʵ԰һжŪϢѸٵĻ˽ǵµĻλʳǡ 

̫ӵ£ϷΪУɱ˵񣬵۳ıضңʱһҵɳ֮ǰվһˣ̧ͷȴ۶Ǿ 

£˵ûʱ֣оԵʤ㣬ôҲһʮżĿڣȴ̧ס 

˾ɨǰλ̫ү¶ӵζʲôأ 

ҡͷϣҾʲôطԡü΢΢ţ˿˲ġ 

ﲻԣɻ֣صĿѯʡ 

ĬƬ̣ĵ˵浽ΪʲôҪõѲΡ 

¶ǣֻǹѹһ֬ࡣ߷ߵĵ 

Ȼҡͷԡ࣬沢Ǹ򵥵Ķ֣һĻԺ 

ǣһţæ 

УǴѲҲҪү¶ģֺαͣɫһͷķԸʮʮţ 

ڡӰڷǰϥ¹ 

ٸҲĿģ۳£һλүĲ룬ض漰𢽭ɽһεķվ˿һɫƳһ忡ݣȻһƽǣȴǣȻɡ 

 

ֽд֣ˣԼͬͬͬնǣ˵ˣȴȫͬ 

۳ľŻӵĳʮ꣬ǵʵƽƽ˵۳ıȨһ붼ڵУȻʵۻݱǰһּԵ֮Ȩ 

ȨȫԿ£ڽɽҲֻһ仰¡ 

ǰԣŻӳʱ򣬶һ 

һССɫذףģɬЦ֪뵽𣬵һдŶԼģǡʲôˣУһɬֺЦһ˲䡣 

 

ɽпԶƿչȣԷ 

һԳ·Ρɽ£һ˺Ȼ̧ͣ 

ôˣڴʻ 

ҵæǰϥ򵹣үǰж·ȥ 

үˣǰһߵ˵ʬ塣ﻰδ䣬ɳȥѾصԻر 

һæ̧ͷȥûа㶯 

˺һ˵ʬڣʬۡ 

ǣү 

һССͣٺƺƵֱ̣ȥˡ 

 

ү߲ųȥ̽ϢѾ߻Ϣ˭˵ģ 

ĿҫȻԺķ￵ҵġ 

һЦϲ̵ģͷȥЦСӣôŹ˴꣬˼ˡ 

С˵ʲôأ˼ⲻǸϢȥ𡣡ŭ˼ҡ˼ҡ 

ˣЩСǣû˽˵Щһ֪ô¥˶үľǷ￵ͦѾͷûϢŪе 

ЦŵͷȥĶţᣬ˼ҲûС 

Ӱͷ۵Ķһۣһ˫Ц⣬С㣬ҪٶˣŪ˰ߣСҲЪɡϵĶﰲʱҩסƺûʲô¡ 

Ӱû¾Ъˣ˻ûá˲æ߳ӹĿڡ 

Ӱû£С㵣ˡӰЦЦ 

̾˿ͷȥ϶үķǲԤˣ⼸үæ 

ӦһЦС㻹ūȡЦСԼǡ̧ͷæ˸ܳȥˡ 

СӡЦҡͷתͷӰӰոүҪϢ˰ɣ 

Ӱͷûд𻰣ְŪš 

Ӱ˵ү¥𣿡ĬƬ̿ڡ 

Ӱ֪Сʲô㣿Ӱ壬ǼСүģô᲻֪ 

ǰĬȻƵ˵һ仰Ӱ֮ܲԩҿûˣ˭Ǽ糾˵ţսȭ 

Ӱһû뵽С̧ͷһۣС㣬Ҫ 

үĶӡûлشҧ޵Ҫɱ 

Ӱһе벻СĴУһ˿ѪȾ˲ϡ 

ծӻ쾭壡¶ģӰ⼸һ£׻᲻¥ 

Ӱ˰ΣĬĬվ˵ͷ뿪ˡ 

 

ҹ 

ﰲӰԼֵҩһЦӰҩЩϢ 

šӰͷ磬˵үҪô 

ﰲһЦϢ죬үͶүţһҪү¥ءүҪǵĻƻᣬúˣʱҲܿ֡ 

ӰЩڣﰲԼ̺źܶණᣬЩģ᲻֪ 

Ӱˡﰲһ˫ӣº͵Цţ˳˷䡣 

ʮʱ򣬺¥ΪӭӳѲľү쳣֡Ȼʱ򣬷ȴڣȻ޵ơ 

񣬽գʮĳǣҪˡôеɺϣɺ 

Ȼ֪˿̣ԺеĽ￴źѩǣкһ˿ɬֲпЦ⣬վΪǱ𣬾Ȫ£뱣гˣ 






ʮ ݻ˫ᣨϣ

ʮ壬ǵ۳ŻѲأ޲λСȴʵȨүԺ档 

˵¥ϺԷ˫깲үǻƣλСүӵӦˣһ˲ķڡ 

ЩЦҾͲţСүܳͷ 

ﰲվЦҲ˵˵үǺ꣬ôλү˵Ӿá 

̲סһЦͻȻ뵽ʲôӰ磬ӰĶʱҪ𣿡 

ǣȻһ֪ʲôǡһ֮ڣұ֤Ӱﲻ¡ﰲ֣صĴ 

Ե˵ͷﰲʵү㡭Ӱ𣿡 

һ仰ʵĸЩӣƺЩģеʲô㺡

һ㵣ɻعͷŷﰲҡϷﰲһ˫ӣѸٵĵͷȥҲ֪ãֻǲܵκ˺ģû 

ﰲҲûϵ边Ȼôһ𰸣Ӱ磬ǴСһ𳤴Щ飬Ҳ㣬ҵһμ˫۾;ãɾ˾þһػҲֵõġǡûаȥ˵ҴӦ游Ҫ˻עһ¶ˣҸ䰮ȫõŮӣӦȫõǻҡûʸ񣡡 

ﰲסˣŷıӰɤеɳƣֻ֪һ˽˺¥ʶ֣书쿴͹ˡ 

û뵽Ӱ书Ȼôôϳ˵ڹﰲȻĵ 

ЦЦһˣ˵ЩˣһҪīǳݻλСүأ 

ǰͣһ£Ӱ磬ͷ˵һ˵һȥһǣŽҹʱԺܻ 

 

Ԫѽڵҹʰ쵵ĵȻҹϨġһſ֨ѩѸٵĴȺͷû˸ţ̫ˣ 

صһЦǰԶһԲС̯ǽŲմص˹ȥﳵݾʱ˼ƮʮԲˣƫƫһȺĻ¸£ٺ٣ 

˴֣ϰ壬һԲ 

һԲϣϰ彫ëһתȥʢһ룬֥һ 

ϰ岻˼ˣһҡͷ˵꣬ԼվԵ˹̨ʢ֥۵룬һڵУⶫҪסźóԣ 

Բϰһ죬ЦСү㿴㣬 

ĿϷĺøУеף̧һ˫۾ŵѺõһЦ 

ͷͷһԲȷʵ㣬㻬̲ס۾ǰЦ 

л 

ԪԲ˶ǻܵˡ¶һЦ΢ķĿ 

ȷʵ˼ζͷڹҲԹôζԲ 

̧ͷȥ˵˼ʳ۵ĵط 

ǺǣǰܵһЦҲ˵ӹУܵôط 

ҲЦֵ·裬ֳ 

ҡһԥҽлʾţǵ۶ġ 

ҡͷʾֿɲˡǸطǮ׬صĵѯʣһı 

񲻽Ц˽ԣƽֺ˵һĸоǳҲԾȥݡ 

˳ԲһһģȻͶĵԼֻ裬˴ȫԷƺͺ񼸱Ӷûĺѣ˵Ļ 

ֱʱ֣վʾʵСܽһֳ 

Ҳ£ܾ㡣ˬʵһЦԸջмĻᡣ 

ڡͷ뿪 

ˡȤתһЦֽǴѰķﰲϵͷ˱˴ѺõЦⲻһڵ⡭ʲô״ 

Ӱ磡躢һ˹Ӱ磬Ҹոһ˼ˡ 


ţ𣿡ﰲɸɵЦǸʲôˣ 

м⣬Щ˵һѪһΪû뷨أӰ磬֪أ˵Ǹ˰ĸúܺáһ˷ܡ 

ﰲͣ½ŲŷıӰɫͻȻЩӣǹ¶ˣŻһ̸ͶǿҵĺøУǣѣ 

ѡ 

ûѣҲûСǡˣǲǣ


 
 


ʮһ ݻ˫ᣨ£

ݵ˾ֱ̫˲Ӽ 

˫һһĲ¥ߵĺ¥ңңĿ棬ӣˡ 

үﰲڱ𣬷һͷϷﰲ쳣صôˣ 

޺ү¥ӵˣ 

ɫһϲЩԼţһȥﰲɫһ䣬æְɺ֡ 

ôվӾϲʡСһ𳤴Ļ龹Ȼһǡɫһ䣬ǳʲô°ɡ 

ﰲһЦģûУŷ۾һ仰˵ͷһŤͷԾգֱѩ÷԰ 

ϵˮ޺ۣԼµµһµһϷİ¥ӵ 

ԴΪӰݽ¥˴ཻ꣬ղ 

Ȼʱ˾Σ䵽¥ֵطΪˮ޺Լ޺ɽׯ¥£ڽͷԷ赹Ǻܾöûˡ 

һͬǰ˵ûֻΪ̽ѣǾԲŵġ 

ǡ 

վѩ÷԰ſڣͻȻú 

ǡϤƤЦԼôҲµӰɵĻͷȥ׷ķﰲһթЦݣɻȻ򣬡ˣң 

ˮ޺۲ӵЦ¥Ҳڴ͵Цſڣ޺˵ֻҪӰˮһ仰˵һ᲻һеܹȻһַ飡 

¥ƽװϣòŮӶûȣӣΪȻ 

һͬˮ޺ܲˣ¥һ£еӣŮŮ̬ɺͳ 

ͳ¥һ˫ۣϷӵ˽ͳֱǡ췽ҹ̷ 

ЦվԺУϵȻȴ̫ˣ˵ʲôһӰͻȻŲҴҵ˹ڷߵ͵͵˵һʲôԭЦɫͻȻһ䣬󾪻ͷԳһͷ޺ۣ¥ȵ£Щȥ 

¥СһƲȥȥɣ¶ࡣ 

һЦףûõġ˵꣬תȥˣ¥ͷŶĻЩСܱȵģ 

ﰲŷ뿪תĿŷַûаЦ⣬һ㶣ʵôˣ 

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Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˵Ӱ¶㵽ôˣǲߣﰲҲĶŭ̲סһү䶯֣ʡǵԭ˵ɱ˵Ȼ󡭡 

ɱǵ£ŮӶ֣Ӱ磬㡭Ļͷ 

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Ӱһݺõ裬͵ 

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һüʱ򡭡 

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үޣŹǻһЦأϲ裡 

Ӱ˲̣ɢĵүò衣̧һ˫ǣȻڵң̫ݺݺ࣬Ҳɵһ㶡 

Ӱ˫۾ֻҪǿ˶ǡˮ羵˱ܲӲһ˫۾ 

үò裡Ӱ͵͵ڡ 

ǰŮɴΨһ˫۾ĿԼϣ΢΢ЩͣȴչȻݺת 

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ӰӰ΢΢һ񣬡үò裡 

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үӰǺ¥ĹǷҵŮӰԣѡ 

һЦʧˣλﲻҪ 

ӲңӰæ̧ͷŵ豭һᵽɤ۶ 

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ʮ į˭

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һ죬æԲ裬԰׵ݣͷһôˣ 

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ƹ񣿡Լ˫΢΢һɵĵĿڡ 

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ӰһתȥˣǱ裬ôСŶҩү 

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ʮ Ѫԧ

ɴ棬ͷ޺޵սȭүôͻȻˣǱ裡 

ӰҲɣһжźõģôᡭ 

ȷү²Ȼ̸Цüչôܣ˵Ѫ⡭ 

ңүصԺȻԲѣԺȴûзµĽˣС㣬үҩʱ˵ܽ𣿡ӰһһЩ£ԽԽС㣬ҩǡٵİɣ 

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Ӱ˵ţǵҲסݵĬĬִԼд֣ĬĬĽ貽ģϸϸľǺǻһ䱦 

ǸʱӰãԼһΨһõӡ 

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˻ѣȾʪ 

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ĶɴУһ˫ۣͷһѿڶ񣿡 

Ҳһ̨ЩϣǸŮӡ⡭ 

ںʱһɫӰԾ磬һͷ˿ڿУȻһ꽫ƵŮԡ 

סˣûм裬һһӰƣ걦緢Ů裬ߡˣƮѩɾ 

һŵأӺƽƽ֧ţнᣬоƣɻң 

Ʈ죬ڼžҹջ죬̲סվŮͻȻԾӣֱֱıԼƺ뵽ʲôһתס˵Ůߡ 

˵ڰԵͣƬ̣ȻƮȻ¡µ곶Ůϵһɴסˡ 

ǡ񿴵һС 

ǣɴ棬̨ϣһ˿ʺڰɫĳϣһԵӰĿǰһУȫ֪롣




ʮ ֪϶

ֱýɱ˵񣬿ΪʲôʱȻ壬ӰףΪʲôͻȻԭ赸вûһΡ 

Ȼɴε̨ϣӰ뿪һ˫ߺ˫۽ڲסѪۡ 

ΪʲôҪɱˣΪʲôҪҽĽɱˣƵĿڣǲã 

Ϊ֣һʧܺƴ裬ȻִԲĳΪʲôҪִţ 

أӰƽĿؿڵ֣ѪΪʲô 

Ȼû뵽ʣһľϣǹһĨǳЦҡھҡڣ㣡 

ӰеĽһӵ˵ϣеǰ̨¥Ϸãû⵽һŽڵϣĬĬĸǰѽݵӰУ³һ䣺֣ôմѪ 

ЦЦԳǽת뿪ӰһɳƵĻҽ书Ϊ临Ĺߣ 

ǡô죿ӰǿվıӰˮͻȻ£̱ڵϣĿ֪ǣĳҵĳޣΪҲ裬Ϊҽ롣 

֣ԼҲֻ֪˰ɣӣϵߣĸ߹Ĳɽӽǰȫǣҵļ֣ 

ӰڱѩУֻҲһƬ 

 

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ӰҡͷĻûа취˵ 

ǣǾΪ˾㡣 

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ţȥáӰæ¥磬´ɸ֪һͺãܹܣǸˣô飬ҡ 

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ܲһ˰ˮ޺Լϣ¥ڸҩ 

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ƭԼ𣿿ǣƭԼΪʲô 




ʮ Ȼ

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裬ЩҪȻ¿Ļˣǰ棬ЦŻͷ֣Щ 

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үү˼ǺķԻҪүȥ￵ 

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ﰲͷ￵һۣæȥһ·ûӦһŮһͷһĻ 




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ʮ ѷ粨Ӱ

һ·۵˺ԷͼſΧһȺˣۼңңľͿϤӰһ㶣֣ٴ磿 

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ҵһ̧֡ 

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裬֪ô㡭Ҫ췴𣿡¹ٴŭ 

磡һѷĽȻ嵽˻¹ǰ˷㲻ϸߴǿ׳Ӱһû׷ƹ˼ߵġ 

ŶһЦҵҪƾǼСܸʲôˣ£ 

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ʮ Ѫ̸Ц

ƹʵ˻ˮʲôãһЦͷ˿ӰаĿ˹ȥ˶ȣѾͷͲʲô 

УٿӰһҾ֪ʲô촦ﰲŭ 

ӴĻˣߣеĽһ֣Ӱнһһ˿ʺӰϸ׵ľ 

ס֣ȵӰ㡭 

үڵġӰ˼Σŵһ˫ĵ˫һ˿Ĺ⣬үӰϧҳ֮󣬶ѹָƣѾͷ죡 

ٸҶŭӰһ˿һ˺ҷʯ٣ 

һæֹ£ס֣ 

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ӰĿһֿУЦõ۳ӣȻЮʣǿŮ˵װģĴѲأǡЦ̧֣еĽڵϣĽУȻ֪ 

軹ЦݣһӰһ˿Ũļᣬߣ 

үܡӰŴС 

סӰֵ̿ʾӵʾ£˫üĵ˵ͷһ̧ӰԺһѽӰƸ裬ݵĽӹӰ˰ӣϧӰûˣûˡ 

һȵӰĿڣӰܿ˹ү 

ţ֪ˡһЦӰĵı۾ͷҲûصķԸﰲߣ 

ǣﰲӦһæ߳ӹӰȥ 

һЦƹȻسŵ 

ۿŷﰲӰֱ¥վһЦүⳡϣûʲôأ˵ת˷ӦѾٴվ˷ԣǰɫĽŹĹ⣬һ˿ʺ䡣 

ӲСӰļһүˣһ̧֣еĶֱֱĵڵϣȻֻ֣ 

ֱ˵ѹӰʶһ׶ĵʹҵ֡ҵġҵʹ;ֱͦͦ˹ȥ 

ŵóһ亹ղŵĶҪԼͷֻ׾٣ʲôʱ򡭡 

ЦſĿ־壬һ˷米󣬡֡ 

ţл裡˷ԸһЦ 

㣬ҽģҪںϣ𣿡ͷĽ磬һЦ 

Ľһ£漴һЦزū 

ããǲڳļƣҪ췴𣿡ŭˣź򣡡 

ЦȵϺŲ裬Цүαŭ⼸СʶȤү£ұ֤ү׵ġ˵һӷڵǰ 

Ц㡭˷ŭҪͻȻԼˣɴʧɫĽҲŭ⣬˾ȻǸǽͷݡ 

үģ⼸ҵĶõˡЦٻͷԼĲ豭˹ŵеһڣٵһүҪжүⱭ˵죬Ҳʡ 

˵ԼҲȷʵʵĲУּһѾˣ˹˼ڣʶࡣʲô֣˹ظٻٲ㡣 

ˣлүˣЦٵһЦ 

Ц㾹ȻǸСˣ㡭˷֮ƿڴ󼸺Ŀһţ۵̽Ļعͷһ˵ӣ 

ЦٲɫĽһо۵ףһĨȻЦ⣬Сһٶ֣ 

ͷŵк޽䱸ĺǱ裬תһ֣£ӰЦ٣ݼү׻˵ţȴ 

ۡӰʱŵýһڲ趼˳㡭֮վ 

ǺǺǣûȵо꣬һһЦϴҪڵĻ˵Ӱöһҵһȣ 

Ϥһ̧ͷ˵Źô 

ϣһ˫¹ƤСѥŷ裬ƤͷһЦûĵģ¶ûͻȻ˳һʰ㣡˵һƮڷߣһ̧ͷŵҰ㣬ͷҪ˼Ҹ𣡡 

Ϊ˷̲סĿ裬赹ǹּ˵еΣǸ 

Ǹʲô游ѾѻڶˣͷͷЦĿŵУү㻹վס 

˵ʲһ㶵Ĺֻ˫һͨһڵϣǡ 

Ц΢΢һЦүҵǧɢֱλɢ֧ôáݲȵߵǰɨǰȴһܶǣĵĽͣνǧɢж֮ǧһλˣ˵ġ 

Ҳ˼ƣͷͬһܶ˷ЦЦʲôʱҩ¯ġ 

֪Ȼǰٶ֡Цٿ˷һۣӰʱ˵߶Ƭ̡ 

ˣҴݣЩװ˵Ǻ¥Ļ׷ϵˣ绹ȥ 

еĽһʧڿУ͵õǧͷѣ 

Цι˷Ľ½ҩЦɨ˵æµعͷЦڴߣɬʳһ仰ôǡһ죿


 
 


ʮ ƴ

豳죿 

̧һ˫Ĵ۾Ƥգ磬ϣһ㻹һأ 

ȻǼˣ˷һԴչЦֵܣΪҪϲ㰡 

ǰ裬ҲǵģڶҲ֪ͨһĽҲЦ 

̧ۣϹеģ̸ʱЦݣܿͻ㲻Ҫ֡ҲЩ߰ɣ⣬ҹζࡣ 

һ̧ΰȢߵġ˷һϲε˶үǡ 

ģ¶ԭҲʣǻص۶ȥҲ˵ġЦͷ˿ǻȥɡ 

ƤĿȥס˷ֱۣĵĺʹҸǣҲܾǳǳ΢Ц˸ǡ 

һԶĽ翴Ľ 

ЦվһҡͷҵùֵֹģЩĮȻ 

ιĽͷŭĿӣ˼ҺðЦٷɵʤȻƭ˵۾ûĵ 

ЦһЦҡҡͷû˵ϥһѵΪ˸ҩΪΣǰĮԣ¥ݺݺ༫ɫ󲻹һЦʱļ˶ݣŮӾ෴Ӱ 

ǸʱǷǻܱ˽ʲôǡ 

ŷ赽˺¥ſڣ̾һſҰɡ 

˼Ҫ 

εĿЦװܣɡ 

ŷſ裬üһŶˣΪʲôҪӦȢңЦĵΪ游 

һбİ취𣿡ҡͷѾ˼Ĵɱ㣬ԵŮ⵽֮꣬һЩˡ 

⣬Ȼ⡣裬һֻһŮˣʲôУŮǺǣ˵ӰĿ£۾ֻɣԭ벻ļ裬εð游ƭˡ 

ҡͷĲãһûƭ㡣˵꣬ȻתԽ˺¥ĴţǵƹĿҵļϢ迴Щˣᳵ·˶¥ﰲﰲ 

үﰲķ߳Ӱôˣ輱еʵ 

Ѿûˣ˵㾪ţѾ˯ˡﰲү̫үոսȥ⣬ʮϢγѾһ׼׵ˣ޺۹ǱߵҲã룬ǼȻųк´¥ڿԡ 

һЦɽ̧ͷŷﰲӰ磬һֱ㣬ͬԼһ£鷳㡭 

ﰲεĵүʲôֱӷԸͿˡ 

ͷ£Ӱֻȥ飬ң游֪˵ţѹһɣ˱ҡ 

ﰲһСүγԣ 

һǽϣӰ飬ôöү֪ 

ǣȥ顣ﰲԵͷҴҵ뿪ˡ 

迴ŷﰲıӰ˸ָ򣬡ʮţ 

£Ӱʮƾճ֡ 

ŷﰲ۾Щƣǡκ𣿡ʱұĶ򣬽ʮߡ 

ǡӰʮŵͷ 

УʮһСӰ˿ģһҪ˺ʲôˣɱ˵š 

ǣ 

游Ǽߵ˭ʡ 

С˺ʮ 

ǳ˸ûɣʮţӰҵˣ游ˡҶţҾǹ¶һˡ 

迿ǽϣԼûƣĸоΪߣұس֮ȥǼԼµˣڻڵҡȻ˵һԸƲ뿪ſ΢΢פ㣬һ棬һ̾ 

ΪֻҪڣ˭Ҳ뵽ԼĽľȻΪӰӵӰǣԼˣ֪ģַ绪ʣʹӰҲԺԵĴڡ 

ӰԺۣһ¹кڴߣϡǵýյ£үһԾȵɣǺЦ֪书ȴʼš 

ûˣӰƿɱķ紵ԼΪʲôǸʱԼ᣿ 

Ӱü벻ףһӰζɻĿȥ 

ƮɣӰ硣λεɵķ¹⣬εۣμ򵥶ƮݣĪģĲҲ貽Ӱ֪õǾĲӡ 

߳գƣӰ磬Ӳ񷡣ҲƲĿĿԼѧӰĬĬĿţ͵̾ΪӰӵԼԶѧһֹʡ 

Ӱһ޵̾Ϣ˽̧ͷʲôˡʻӭ϶¥ӰʱͻȻûӰ 

Ӱһʱסˣү 





ʮ 

̧ͷӰ˾ôţ·Ҫ͸ǧ 

үǡ񣿡Ӱŷ裬ͻȻİˣǶһֱ𾴵Ķүദһ񣬴λú˺Զľ롣 

ӰҡͻȻԼʲôɵҪڽ͡ 

ӰҵĿ޴һ˴ӡ 

µķЩεӣƺǵһûϵĽ룬һЦ 

ιվ¥̧ͷŽյĴ֪ƭ㣬ҵǸֻ𣿺ҪõʲôүҶƹģЩͳͳȥ 

ڴϵӰӶһ£סЦ㿿ôʲôһͻȻȥ𣿡Ҵ˺òã㲻Ҫ 

ûСӰͻȻӦһ䣬ү㡭 

˵˽񣬻ֱӽ裬һү벻֪Զ˶١ֵЦ 

ӰĿ˴Ϊ 

ʲôһ㶡 

үΪû飬˶öүӲҽӽԲݣү¹µšӰȻ˴𰸣ȴһССʧ䣬ΪΪԼ 

ڶӣӰĴЩÿɷ񣬡ǰɣҸ㿴Ρ 

ӰСץһֱȥ㾹ȻƭңԼȥĶӰɵľһ 

û׼ͷһ׼㿪뾹Ȼһۣ֬⧲һͷһŨɢڿоþòɢ 

ȿȣǺһͿȣ㡭ֲ¥Ǽһ֬ˮ۵Ĩȡ 

ӰĹĵӿһͷһĺҲЦ˳һƮӶ¥еӵ˹ȥ˭ƭң 

ӹЦͻȻ;úܾΥů㣬𣿡ĿӰϰס˿ϣԲ𣡡 

ӰҡͷûµģԼСģû⵽ǵˣǡ 

ǳǳЦʱ䶼ûн̸ʲôٽһ׽ɣԵ𣿡 

ţ԰Ӱͷվһԡ 

һѽһ׽裡 

Ϥһֱûн̸ӰΨһ貽ΨһĽ 

裬ա 

㿴ˣǣҽһ׽ɨĬĬĵҾҪˡ 

һ׽ʰһ֦ݵӰǰɿˣ 

ʲôʱҪ̹ڶ飿ӰƤһЦӹ֦һ֣һԾת˳ȥ 

վһԿţһЦ޵ǣӰ 

ӰڽĿ϶￴˷һۣƤ 

Ŀţ͵̾ŮӣôԼһ½̸ûʲô£ֻǣȴоԼġ 

˵游Լףʱ˵ͽգαأ 

˵𣿿Ӵֻǲ֪ǰΪŮǷҲԸ⣬ҡͷҸô죿 

Ӱһ˼ƣҫĿԱһۣعͷȴԺѾǿһˣʱȥϢ 

ӰվԺУԶʼ׵գϢڿɢŷŶµ֬񡭡衭 

 

ΪʲôҪӣ¥ŷϣֽΪȥϵۣ֬ŪǱȴˣ費˵ҡͷ̾Ϣ裬ѶϵӣܸܲĸģⳡϣεӢϣΪΡ 

˻ûʧ 

봹ҡͷ˵ˣô 

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ƣĿϣˣŰɣ֪ˣͽġ 

㡭¥˵ʲôӱܵıͷȥɴ̾ûҩˣ 

ûҩȣɣЦĿڣֻ뿴úõأúõأˣ 

ô죿¥ֱתȦ 

ң̧ۣЩɳƣһô죿ҳҾͲ֪Լô죿֪ˣ֪˸ô죬ҡͲ֪Լô죬֪ 

ǵģ֪֪ԼǲӦĸĻ֪òøŵʱŵݲؽأصң游ԼһУһڱԾ˵ˣξԼ 

¥ǰϥϵ꣬΢΢ļ磬ӣڿ 

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ڶʮ º쳾

ںڰĹУһһò𡣲֪ΪʲôͻȻ뵽ܶˣܶ¡ 

ǵԼĸߵʱΪڰٶлʹĸ⣬ʲôϡŹֵĶùÿһֶϣһζǿ̹ĵĿʹڶȴЧá 

Ǹʱ򣬸ԼԵһѾͷкԼʹԼ࣬ԼȻĬĬᡣ 

Լغ¥꣬ʧˣȲĸߣҲûиԼ˼һ游͸ԼһʮӰǸ˵裬Щ˸ɴҵ 

ҵ˵˲ԼҰİˡĸڣʻڣҲһԼɡ 

Ӱʮ˵ĻȥδӣԼ 

¥˵ĶԣѾ游ĹߣԼδԼԲ游ˣҲ븴ʲôɽģǾԼܣһƬҸ 

С̵ָֿſտĵ»ʳǿտĴصš 

ʮŸӰ游һѵģԼ񣬽ЩΪԼã游ģжѣ 

費˵֪ĳ룬ÿһӰ֮ʱô࣬Щ˻ԶߡԣʮŸݺһģһӰֻܷǵݡ 

裬Ҫôһͷ￵Ƿ֮һ˿ЩԥӰĹͣһʱͶ˷У˵ȫơ 

Ҫɱ裬ͬɱһֻСһļ򵥡ֻ񣬷ΨһԶȡȨĹˡ 

ǸŮһͽ˹Уһ޸еĲç˿ͺ󣬿ǣȴʲôûеõ 

꣬ԼҰġ 

Ȩ￵ЦȻÿһ˶޷ܵջ 

һ￵һҾԶ游ĿܡѪҺǶҺⶾҺҪҵ֮ǰһƽһЦӰ游ҵǵ·ֻԼÿһ˶ӰӣӰҵġ 

￵һ漴Цŵͷ˵Ҳǡ 

ĬĬصȣʱʵܿ١ 

Ų۾ˡŲ죬ֹһˡ 

Ӱμ£һڻλʳǵĴڻ죬һ㶣˫ۣȻʮվǰò죬ǡ 

£ϵó𣿡һ˵һЦ 

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ʮҡͷүʮŸӰСΨһһǵʮŸ˿ģ̫үǣȻм 

ǰ⼸ˣСʲôһģŮ˶һֵܲϡС߰˰֣үֵǸ֮ѧ֪ԼǸˣ 

Ŀǰļˣ˵ǴСԼߣ˵ǲܵİɡǡ𣿡ǡ 

үֵǲ㣬ֵǴСͱүˣõľһʮŴֵ֣ҲϰˣôŰɡʮһֻǡʮʮû 

ͷѾˡʮʮ߳ʱ游ߣҲϰˡʮˣʮǰ㵽ǰҾ֪ǸŮġĿ䵽Ȼһߵʮǰ㣬ˡ 

ʮɴ۾һѽȥͷϵƤߣһ죬ô֪ң 

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¥⣬ȫµ¥ͳ⣬ǣһȺ꣬վΪ˳ﻮʲôҵΪ˸Լһı䡣 

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ʮ߸ͬʱȥҵԸ׷үݣ 

ܶ󣬷ս򵹵ǧʱһҹʮŸµԡ 



ڶʮһ Թźձ

ԷڷүʱģԭصķĽͷȻýȢ̧Ȣ˺Էһ輧˻ĴĮɵ˷磬ɴ̾ҡͷˡ 

վһԻһ½ֱȣ̧ͷɵĿҡͷ̾ϢĴ磬ɺһһֵ˷Ҳ߯ļˣȻһǰ̧ͷŷ磬ʲôأ˼һǮءһͷ÷ﰲ³ʮӰ 

ǲֻˣһ㶡 

һЦͷŷﰲӰ磬Ҳȥһ£ȻԼٰ֮λҺ¥Ҳ̫ˡ 

ǣﰲͷȥŷ￵һͷ￵Ȼĸ˳ȥ 

̧һ˫ǵ۾衪 

һ̧ͷŷУ游 

е 

ͷһæ游ûзʲô 

סڣû£ݵĵһۣ裬 

ǣĬĬĵͷ̧ͷΪмĿһ۷һĵЦݣҴҵŷнԺ 

Ҹ 

еסڷ︮СԺӣǼԺǶЫOO@@ëȻ˵ĻմЩܻǸԺ˷ֻһ˿Խȥ 

Ҳһţ׷˶٣ͣ 

ǵĿǸص¥󾭳游Ժ䣬ÿνȥʱɫ԰ףȻһܺáΡսȭǺˮ 

 

СʲôӰͷ侲ŷ 

ٵɾܣýȢĽĵ 

һЦСû˵λ蹫ӿǰΪӶˡ 

¶䶯ǣô֪ܲ˵ʱүҲڳҺº¥ʲôǣû뵽үȥ󣬾Ȼû˶䵭̾˿ֻĽʲôʱôõ 

СǹˣȻҲк˼ҵĹϲģǿɲУǾѾͷⱲӸС㣬ҲСӰӣòǸ檵ķݡƽ˵㣬Щ֡ 

Ӱ±ĴԺͻȻһˣ漴ЦʲôأǶү̫үѾү˵˻µġ 

ǣֻأԼûпϴϼӰţɵһ죬ǵģʲôأԼ˼롣 

͵͵̾糾ŮӣиޣǸãͳĪ裬Թźձ̣ɲǷڡ 

Թźգ̣ 

ױ̨ǰžеգԼԼò׵ա 

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ж֮൭ɻʲô 

䣬ΪֱΪʲôΪʲôŻǰһ꽫ԼӶӵĸϾȳʱ򣬼ʹԼѾٸɾ괿ȴûаֻҪţƴҲȥ 

ǵġҲ룬ôƽԵͷˣ񣬴ӦӴ˾ҪΪΪĸƽҸģһӡ 

ûţҿԶطģң˷һҪȢΪޡ 

ԣִ˵жȴˡǣԼһЩʧ䣬ʲôأԷȹһ£ȴԶȲϺ¥ӡһӣΪʲô 

һΣԼңңĿ裬趯Ӱ·Ͳˣǣҹľ顣ȡ 

֬ڿУ촽ȾЦһ糾Ůӣ˵ݳޡȴһ֪һȴԼˣǼ٣νˡ 

ˣϲ˽컻·ɡ 

̧ͷǸһͬϵԣһ𣬿ȱУǳ䣬˥ϣ˿ 

еգᡣ 

̧ͷȻһЦǵģޣҲҸ 

С㣡СѾͷͻȻ䴳˽Сˣ󾪣ôˣ 

С㡭˵ϣүˡһٶˡ蹫ӣˣүҲҲ 

ȻסˣãͻȻЦԹźգ̡



ڶʮ һʱ

˷һѷסʧɫ裬ס衪 

ҧ̧ͷŰԼˣѪסǶ³һϤ֣ӡ磿Ϊʲô 

뵽˱Լ˭ȴôҲû뵽ԼȻᱻˣ˿ڵʹԶԶȲĵʹӰ硣 

裡˷ҵ̧ͷȥ˿ڣȴһƿ𡭡ң 

У㣡ЦĿǰ¹ޣһٴڸץˣǴֱʰ 

һЦȵ˰һ˴УЦ٣Ҫңҵģ 

˷ŭֱУȴɲǼΧС 

һٴڸ֣Уֵָܻ 

ˮ޺һѪĭӣ޺޵ĿԡѪս¥ϣ¥𣿡 

ģˣ¥һЦУ㹻ݣҽ֪ʯٵζһ˾У˿ 

¥һЦλү˵ĿܣūôôûƷλĶ˵˿Ѿ˾ĵҿˣңСүĶһһϸϸѪ 

벻̻֮ؾȻˣһЦһڣأżҵҪЩӲͷֵܼʲôʱ򣡡 

ˮ޺۶սг˿ӿ˷󣬡֣ңߣԷܵͨ¥£԰ȫԥһ£˵˵»ʳǵڡ 

˷һ漴ҡҡͷ޺۹ӣлˣ 

ſſƣĬĬ̧ͷһǼ죬ֻǣ¥ȻһЦǽ߷ŷ裬Ҫ²£ 

̧ͷ¶һԵߵЦݣ㵹ǿԣҵֻҪҵѪ 

ޣ˵үŮŮ̬ŽСˮ¥Ц̧ͷŵУʵǻһʱ䣬ҵǿԡٳһϧЦôô 

ϧӰ֮ǰһҪ׿ڸԼô࣬Ϊ 

ˣżһ֡ 

ס֣ŮֱӴ͸Ѫȣ˽һ㶣˷һ̧ͷһڵϣ£ҡ 

֪һЦһ˫ַסϼգ˷磬֪ģҪȢΪޣȻǣҵ֣ȥ˿׷Яֱ֣׺ɣ 

˷翴۾֣صĵͷ 

ſ˷֣תͷŵУ˷һСŮӣҲ֪ΪʲôֻҸŲرͼֻСŮ֪䣬ˣ˵һ֡ 

Ŷһü 

ֻҪӷЩˣҵ̾͸ŶߡЦȻ 

˷һ㶣ЦٵҲɻĿ 

㵽ʶ࣬ЩҲڸ˵ǱˣЦ˵Źűͼʲôط 

үѵɣ֮ҵ˶Ƕүˣүʲô𣿡ȻһЦ 

һЦ˵ҲǣǱˣˣ㡣 

תһ˵ʦȻǰȻ磬ܵ𣿡 

Ȼһ㶣ͷ 

ô޺۹ӵأת۶Ц⡣ 

ˮ޺Ƭ̣ͻȻʲôһֳʵĳˣ޺һΪУ˵ţ˰벽һ̧֣͸չȾ 

ȻȻͷǡ 

Цţٲ̧֣ 

̧ͷһɨ˲ɴ󾪣㲻Ҫ 

û˱ȹ輼Ҳû˱ȷܿ͸赸еĺ壬ȻкЦ 

κűߣʯϣ˰ 

תһذףԥĴظ 

˵ľһԾȴֻüסӣţһĨȻʺ죡 

ȵĿŷնԾΣȻ˫ۣԭ񡭡ͷǣ㣡 

ǡҸո֧裬ȣЦſѯʣȴ۶ˮ 

ڵ棬ķ壬ĬĬףһ˲˰裬裬ʰ·磡 

ЦˣҲſﵭĿ·һ˲ˣ̧˷磬˷˹ 

˷磬ԡ𣡡ǰˣҲŲҪ㡭ȥأҡҪסڵġģʹһ˲ҲҪѤá 



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ʹһ˲ҲҪѤá 

 

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ЦţŵУĿһƤĺӣүҵӡ߰ɣģˣ 

˷˷磡ޣסܡ˷磬·Ҫմ

£ʯϣ£˰ҶҪ㡣 

˷һҺ 

ҲûϵĽԭء 

һЦعͷĿſڵĵУүˣⳡ裬ү𣿡 

ֽϵų˿££˿г˲˦Ŀڣү֪һʲô𣿡 

һҰſŷ裬ĿƵòˣȴܡ 

ûһƽ裡 

֣ת⡭ 

ҴܽŵĵֻüһţͱѪһͷһĽһֱֱĲ˵еĿڣڳĴȻֻһ˶µǽǡ 

֣ͷҲסˡ 

ҡҡλεվţǿס壬̧ͷŵ񣬡Ҳ 

סˣ̧ͷһƬң־ŭĿڣǷˣ 

ٷϻҪͣһٸĵ 

ɱףмԴҡ 

һϢдĵаЦǺǣ裬Σǡóˡ 

үһСͯԣһۿһĻʱû 

ү⡭һϹܼģ˴ʾ˼ 

˰Σ̧ͷŷ裬˶Ƭ̣ͻȻִϰγֱֱĲһϢд塣 

е۾Ȼɴ󣬡㡭 

̤ǰһӱȰգ˽ԵȻնɱ˵佣ͳ磬ֱûб۾һ˫ɻԹ 

΢㵣Ƭʧ̧ͷŵ񣬶Ŀⶼܸӣ֮󣬷賶һЦݣ˹ͣ 

ҲЦΪɱ׵˭ҵģ 

ͷתͷȥһ۱˷磬͵͵̾Ϣϧˡ 

ͷȥģϥһ򣬡ǸһõϢͣĹǣˣ 

è޺ˣЩ߸ϵүм֪ЦһĻû˵꣬˷ͻȻ̧ͨ۾ֱɱ㡪 

ڰգֱֱӭ˷Ľˣ󾪣㿴ˣûǽ춼ǳŵ 

һʲôţҸûмңûУ˷һĴޣתʬŷϼıֹסģҴߣ 

ѪζĴ˿ֻţһԱŲһС䱸ĵڵǰͷѾ˵ĵУͻȻǰһ̧ͷЩ㶣һů 

ģҴߣ 

һԣھ׵Ĵڻصߵȴÿ˵ġ 

ĬĬĿ˷籧뿪һԲ 

 

ҹ 

¥ڸ̨Ͽҹգģ裿 

ӭվں¥ߵ̨ϣͷ 

á 

裬ͻģ֪Ϊʲôǰûɾļ䣬СͻᡣͷԼ֡ 

¥ 

ţ 

˵𣿡 

ͻȻתͷ¥Сʱ򣬺ܶ˵ҲˣҳˣߵҲܲѰңμĸ׺͸ʱӣǸʱһ¡¥𣿡 

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ֻǡҡͷֻǾûơģܻƣ룬ͻȻЦҺһɣֶһ 

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̧ͷ˿ҲԸ⡭û취˷ȣԭǣģ֪ 





ڶʮ ʿΪ֪ŮΪ

¥һ裬ңңɫɲǼ䴫ǣ紫һĹУǣߵˣ˵Ҳֻһ¡ΨС 

ﰲջ֮дҴʧָ࣬΢΢ʹӰ磬СΪϻΨһһᱳҵˣһ㣬ΪʲôӰ磬ľΪʲô 

 

ҹ谵ĻʹԺ 

ӣɱ˵Сڰһˣվȥǰһ۵ĵӣ档 

Ŷõӽʡ 

ǣӣնӽɱ˶ӵġǿ˵ݡ 

նôһ˫͸ݣնֹɱУҲɱް 

ǣӣӴδ£ 

նΣ΢΢̾ϢܵܣΪʲôͲСʱһһ㣬ɰһ㡣 

ӣСĿŻӵһз⣬ֵ֮飬ǶðɱǾҪ£סġһͷ 

ͷаšûз⣬Ϊʮ꣬һҪλãʱԷܡ 

ǣӣСľãӱҪʱҪºġ 

ºģһüôװ㣬Ӱŷ裬Ҳûµɱ𣿡 

ҡˡһʱʧš 

˵ˡһ֪̾ģС֣ôҲ־ôɱ 

 

ٴ磬Ҫ𣿡Ľһ·ͳԷѾͷ£лл㡣 

Цٵ͵͵̾˿ûܻԲֵܺ㣬лл 

Ľҡͷٴ磬һ˵ļֵܾģʱЦŵģ͹ˡ 

Цһ̧ͷ𣿡ѾʼȥĴ⣬ɵĵͷƺĥĽĻЦŵĻ͹ˡ 

ʹˣлˣҡЦٿź¥ķһͷǼӣл𣿡 

Ľҡͷ֮ҾûǼ˵ĻҲΪƳˣЩӣҪһ⣬ȥĮ 

ЦЦô׮ǿ֮ϣôá 

ٴ磡ͻȻһűƽʱҪ԰׵Ϲһ˿ƣٴҪشĮȥ𣿡 

ЦٵͷͻȻ뵽ʲô裬ϴҿӰĶˣѾˡ 

һӰ˵ﰲ˵Եһꡭ 

ﰲʲôҩȷ˶ԵӣֻǡЦԥһµѾֻǶǰ 

ֲáͷţ⼸Ҿ;ӰЩԾ˯Բ¶ѵʱ쳣˷ܡţȻ̧ͷЦ٣ٴ磬ϴ˵ķǲĹã 

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ҴܹӰԭżſڣȴһʱ䲻ˡ 

תеľ˲䱻ֳЦȡˣˣǺǣҲˣ֪˾֪˰ɡ 

 

үҪشĮȥ𣿡ӰƬ̣үǺܺءԭֻΪһԶȴû뵽үȻȻˣүΪҪƳٻء 

㡭㡭ֻؿһƣԲ̧һָֻӰ仰Ҳ˵ 

ЦһԿЦõĿŷһۼˤæֽס˵裬ɡ 




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ҹɫŨӰæһƣ͵ĹϴӣϣȱС 

Щӱúƣ쳣˯Ӱ룬ǣϴԪҪúһˡ 

عͷԼķڣڰܼ򵥣һŴһһѹ٣һ񽣡 

ϻһ費辰 

ӰĬĬĿһУƣĿϡһʵҲϵģǾǡڼûһйأӣ衣 

ϵıīϵ񽣣Уǰѹ١ 

ҽд֣òã㿴룬룬Ǳ˼ 

Сϰ䲻Ϊǿ壬ģˡ 

㿴٣˵λʵ۵Ϊ˻λʺõ٣ܺõĶģŰɡ 

 

۾ȻĶʵεı¶Լôᣬ֪ 

ֻǶүҲãҲãԼ֮ΨֲôӽӰͷ鰸ϵ֣үǰǴȴûи߹ңһӵѪҸȥԼĸ飬Ӧ˷˵УҸηС㣿 

ˮ䣬ʪ˱īĺۼӰ鰸ϣ˯ȥƺһˣ 

ѡӰʶΣڽԼʱ򣬲ɵɻۣӭ϶һ˫˵ķĿүҪ˰ 

ô˯ˣһüȻѾůˣ㴩٣ס磬ͷҪˡ 

ô󣿡ӰЦ£ 

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ӰȻԼĬȻԭɵһ죬û㵽ʲô£ûҪ˯ˡ 

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ʲô֣ίĽüإߣǵʲôӲ 

¡إߡӰһ˫ü΢˰Ҳû뵽ʲôģ̧һ˫۾ŷ裬ʲôʲôӰإ 

ѾӰ̨֮ϣ۾ߵ͵͵˵һ䣬Ӱͬ˴һɣȴɵִ۾ӶȻһᣬһֻס׾ٵĴԾա 

Ӱһ̲סס裬㡭 

̧ͷڰеͷ΢Ц 

Ӱ̧ͷĽһ˺¥ߵ¸ϣһѤĻգų˲ã𣡡Ӱɴסˡ 

һһ䣬õš 

ϲ𣿡Цʡ 

ӰͷĻԺӣͷ˵һ仰 

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Ӱסˣգǣҵգֲ죬óöСʹϵĳ棬֡ 

إߡ 

ȵ̧ͷŷ裬һ˫һ˿Ĺ 

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һҹգᰵȼҲɲ˵ӡ迴ӰֻŰռС̻ͷҰ㣬ɺã 

ӰһҪʲô̧ͷŷ裬ҵգΪ֪ģ衭ˡ˶û˵ү֣裬лл㡣 

迴ǰŮӣЦˣְӵ뻳һһҲȴȥֻǣûԸָü׽½һǣӰͻȻ۾ȥ˳ź¥ߵ¥ֱ׹¡ 

Ҳȥ֣һ̲žȻôңɼ 

Զ̸ЦһĨһĨ̸̡ĿģۼĿˣȣ޺ۣˣ 

ˮ޺һ̧ͷӰֱ׹£һԵɫӰѾƮȻȥסӰ塣 

ڵֱӰ˵˲䲻ɵһ㶣񣿡 

ôˣŻļ˽ʵ 

ôˮ޺Ҳһɡ 

һ֮æӵӹӰ޺ۣȥЦЦҷֻǡˡ˵տ˵һۣҴҵ˵һ䣬лˡתȥ 

ȻŷȥıӰĵͷԼ֣ϣŮӵ£һμʱ˫ӣţş̌ͷţһҴҸ˹ȥ 





ڶʮ ǧѰҩ

裬ӰĶˡЦٿŻԲѵӰɫصĵ 

ʲô˵Խü 

ˮ޺ҡͷүˣµĶ¥ĶòʹԷ͸ܡ 

һͷŷ衣 

˺ǰа뿿ţƺҲļˡջ»»䣬ǵʱ仹ǹõġ 

ջһ 

ˮ޺ȴɫ䣬Ȼջ 

۾ͷ޺ۣΪʱ⣬һһϣڲžȥѰҩô 

ջд˶߻˯ʱȴ쳣˷ܡһʱһ˯ѣֱȥ 

ҩΨлʱȡ賿¶ˮʪղݽ⡣ 

Ľ꣬վߣӰжҴЦӣѾ˲̽üĿֻȣ»ժؼɣǡû뵽ĶȻᡭ 

ڴô죿ˮ޺ۿŷ衣 

ҴȥĮվߡսȭն¶ģ֮ǰ˵ʱҾ߱£ 

ˮ޺۹ǵĿһ۵񣬵͵͵ĿڣȻأûӰô죿 

ܣ͵͵ĵ 

ʱҲû뵽ˮ޺Ŀ裬û˷磬ô죿 

ɫΪѿͷӰ˯գģһһķһ仰 

ҲҪááţ 

 

¥ĺһأһȴĴģ¥үԲμӻͣͬĻµһӡ 

˴ϰΪ˸жӯȻǣȻ費书˼ҶƹԳóӰ 

ҵģһӵȫиˣһҪҪץŷָжһͿ 

˫Ŀ죬ͷš 

ӰѾģ˳ʣ³Լĸ⣬ֻм֪ҡ 

۾ƮƮƮ˵ϣΪʲôҪŰ 

үˣ￵һͷðԼүͷħצ½ȳ 

һͷι񣡡 

ţͷһЦ⣬үȥĮѲӽа 

㣡һ˫ĿɵԲͷðүѲӽûǣͼݾүҪǡ 

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ŵʷʴƨɣ߷ߵһŤͷôˣôһŤͷӭˮ޺ۺ¥Цģιǣ 

ҿûи˼Ҫ޺ɽׯˡˮ޺۾еİǳЦ 

ҲûУһվҲǴĮ¥ЦĸӼթңһҪŶ 

ݣͬһϷǴ˳ȥ 

һͷˮӣίı˱ 

ү￵һԻһ䣬ŭĿͷݺݵĿڣ㣬ǲǺһߣǼƿ￵˵̾ҧ 

ǣ￵ֱͦ 

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Ǳֳˡ 

 

¥ĳ˳ǡ 

 

ʱ֣ǽĲ̯￵սսĿڵĶүһڶүǰǸүԵɣ 

ĹĵĵԼӣˣĵÿġ 

˵˲һߣûʱԸͣϢʱԶĲ̯ϾȻĻͷӴ裬ɣ 

ˮ޺ۣ¥ǣ 

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̫˹¥εεһЦƹūԲƾһ룬ǧԵһǣ 

лҧгݵһں˱Ĳ裬һҲúЦ̧ŵ˸۶ 

Ц 

ͷЦ΢̽ȥһӰĺ㣬ôˣԭӰеˣԴӱݺڷߡ 

ҡͷ·;ӰƬ̣Ķһû˯ˡ 

չ˺ӰɾڳҪˮҪֱӺͷ￵˵һǣҪңֱҡԽ˵Խ͡ͷһȥˡ 

үʲôʱܵɽͻȻһ䡣 

ϰɣôˣ̧ͷһۡ 

ҡͷûʲôŷ裬ֹǵãСʱڶүʱǸˣԼ˵ɽ䣬һܣʮ֮ǰǧҪȥ 

񣬶үѾʮţ˰ɡԥҪҪ˵һУ̧֪ͷŵͷͻȻ۾һ¶˹صЦ⡣ 

￵ĶƹһЦ⽫￵˹ȥˮ޺ۺŲ̧ͷϷЦⲻɵô˸սĵˣºˡ 



ڶʮ Ů

ΡΡɽӰб֦ˮˡ 

΢΢ͷѹͷһ󲻰սͷţһ̾ɽ 

үǵɽ𣿡￵ǰӻͷʵ 

۾һ۸ոֺܡɺϡϵĵˣߣ˵ү޺ׯտҪɽ 

Ȼˮ޺ҡ¾ô΢žһ¥ǽվɽЪ˰ɡ 

д⡣¥һЦֽȥˡ 

ҲϢ֪ҲһСȣûд򿪣һЦ 

εû￵ɽ 

ˮ޺ۣˣ¥ԼССʮˣǰӵԼһСеɽȻ 

¥Ƶš·ˮεδڵϣɱ˿ʲôʱͣ 

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ܶܶǰһŰɫ¥ǰϰ˵ҽҪ衣 

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Ǹʱ֪Ϊ𣿡迴Ӱ˯գ૵ĵΪʲôǸʱǸӣ¶Ҫ㡣 

Ӱߣ˯ţҲܺáӰ米ңҺѹ㣬֪ӣҶ֪Լǲľȵ㣬Ҹãô죿 

￵ԼүԷʱ򣬾ͿǸ˺һӰĴߣ˯ȥ 

 

·һҹһɤӴоѹһʱûӦ˲ɵ 

輸һƳȴһסˣһƬɫߣΧɢĵӰҡ˼ɾ費סˣ⡭ǡʲôط 

ʲôطŲҽеǸһӺ˷ѰѰ٣ĳ¥ȴˡ 

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Ķ¥Ѱʵ 

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ţ֪һͷֳ彣豳վš 

¥̧ͷʲôιʲôģǲڵİɡ 

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һ£򵥵ļ仰˵ľͺǶμΪ֪Ĺ£ʲôˣװŪģ̲סʵ 

ҶʶС꣬ʲôûǸȥˡĵǿϧ 

㵽˭ˮ޺һ䡣 

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С꣬£ĵԭǺѡ 

ţȻûгԾ¡һ֣ȴûоãİ 

ɢ迴һ˶ޱȵĵбһŮӣӵľա 

¡ùáԼеͿʹĽгôƺ 

ʶˮ޺һ㶡 

ҡͷҡͷΣкܶӦǵͻȻԺлһŮӣӵһԼƵòڻ趯ǡ衭 

Ӱڵϣҡͷʹ 

⣬УѪʺʺģһС



ڶʮ Ϸνǰ

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һ£˽ģȴǸӣ͵̾Ϣ 

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ͻȻһع˫ĿյԼϣɴһ裡 

ˮ޺ۺ¥Ҳɫ԰׵ĸһ㵽˭ 

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ǰ£һ㶣ʲôǰ 

ǡԼǰֿʲô 

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￵һæ˹үˣǡ 

ţһַͷҡҡλεվǡ 

үѾһһҹˣ¥үһиϹʱǾһֱԲѣұ;ү̧Ǹ޷ǡҾã¶̫аˡ￵ɫص˵ 

ţ˵ûʲôɡᱧӰֿɳ˯ĵ񣬾֪һϿһΣȴüʲôû˵ 

ǰһѽ壬ۡ 

豧ӰΪϱӣ𣿾Ȼɱҡ 

վ仰̧ͷȴһתƮȻȥǸһ˿ɬȴںЦݣʲôǰʲôԵţҲš 

ֻн㣬͹ˡ 

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벻ǰֵܣ 

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ˮ޺ҲЦŮİɣݣҲ鷳 

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ɱңΪʲôҪɱ 

ˮ޺ҡͷҽһ㣬֪ʱ뷨¥ 

ţ 

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ȥҲŲɣ¥ЦͻȻһ 

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ˮ޺ҲվҡҡͷѽǸŮ˵ǺҲࡣ㿴ǸӣС꣡ 

Ųںʲôǰ˵ֻҪػӰ㹻ˡ 

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׼뿪ʱ鲻ԽĻعͷԼԼģһ 

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ϱӣԼˣϣоۡ飬ȴκκۼΨǰԸһԸ⻤㣬һһһҽٰ㣡 

ǵõʱѪύӣۣģ 

ǰЦû뵽Լֻ꣬ôСĺأü̧ᣬҲûʲôζ 

ʱɽɡ 

̾Ȼû뵽Լĸ׾ȻĺȻҲû뵽ֻģüҾһĶ˸٣һıѽ 

 

ҹ 

ҵһŻӣɱ⣡ 

 

Щ費֪Ҳ֪ 

ңǻһҲȫ֪ˡ 

裬Ǻ񡭡ոǴģˮ޺סҲü 

Ҳѽ¥ҿɡһȥ¼һöݸ񣬡үĶ 

һüŷ￵ȥô£ 

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˵ص㡣¥һֲõԤС 

ȻЦ̧ͷЩɫ̾˿صǣ·ˣǺǡ 

ĿЦе㷢 

 

ӰҸᣬطȥ͢еĵԼǰŵķԸ 

ﰲһͷ򵥵ĵվһ۵ıӰӣ¸ˣ 




ڶʮ ޺۾鴦

Ӱ۾ʱ򣬷յֵµ˱һһɳȥѰҳ·һһۿЩʵĵ΢΢һЦүɽǼҲ̯иҲɽϣһҪˮ޺һЦҼȻˣһҪġ 

ŶԴӷһ裬˾ǣۣ˵ŸҲȽһڹȥ 

ǧ迴źŲĵ˦һ仰

ۡȥǿڲһû˷Ѿ絽˷ϣҪɱ˰ 

¥ˮ޺һ£ͬ˵˾䣬ɻ 

ӣϵˮվޱ˦һ䣺·ֵǧүˣ˵һת˷￵·ȥˡ 

󣬴һЦתȥһסˣ 

үӰ΢΢һЦ˹˵ˣлү 

Цҡͷ˵ʲôлҲϢһջʱһõġӱһˮһʱЩΣмһֱûʧȴһ̣һɨ⡣һתƨ߶ƨ߶ĸӰȥˡ 

Է￵Ѿҵ·ʱͲ֪ȥ 

һ˾ô뿪ɽ迴ͷϵЩͷΣӰϢûٴεǣĵʲôֵֹģþòɢ 

ӽеԭϣԶԶأ迴һ˵ıӰϤɵס 

￵Ҳһ㶣һóͣ£үǡӰ磿 

ˮ޺ۺ¥ںߵǰ¥ˣŭﰲȻҳ 

ִ࣬΢΢Ĵʹ˲һ£ԼˣҲԴ΢΢̧ͷվڹٵԶķﰲҪʲô 

ﰲվڹٵϣԲĿ¥ĻȻһЦ̧ͷĺϦ˵һ仰 

˷裬û˵ʲôҲû壬ȴ֪ﰲ˵裬һˡ 

ϣԵ¥ûˮ޺۽ֹͳȥɱˣǷûжҲûжһĿţһʱϲʲôӦڷﰲ飬Ǻż𣬴ֵܵ˱ѣһܡ 

ֱңҵ飬ֻΣ񿴿ԶҰգͻȻЩҡҡͷġƶЦܹ¶Լģֻл֣ԼԼĸ硭 

迴ŷﰲңңãͻȻ˷ﰲǰҪһƥȥĮ 

ȫסˣﰲԭԤһ˵ǣȴû뵽ҲʡŷǰеıӰü΢ü˼š 

žһﰲعͷϷ￵һ˫ŭĿɣүҾԭ㣡һͷź¥һˣʲôˣ 

ﰲɻĿųӣһƥں棬׷Ϸʸȴַ͵˵Цż͵пӰȴûпԼһۡ 

裡ڵϢĵطﰲֱǰ￵һס磬첻ضˣжү 

貦ŪŲһۣ￵¥ܹ㣬ﰲЩأȻԺҲշԭӰʧ񣡡 

ǣ￵ĵ˷ﰲһۣһתȥˡ 

裬ҡﰲӦӰŷֹ 

Ҫ¸ɲءеĲݣϵĻҳ͵ĻԼŰɡ 

ҡӰСŷ賤ȴûп飬Įʲô裬Ȳѡ 

Ȳѣ̧ͷ·һЦȲѵģһɱң 

˵Ӱæ 

ΪʲôҪͣ˵ԭ㣿֣̫ˣⳡôãȻôض֪ 

ʹһɣһٻ̼Ҽ𣿡ЦЦ֣˵ˣ֪ҲҲ뾡취 

ҡ΢΢ĿҸֵýˣġ 

һһģȴʼնԼĸоһ֣ѵĲֻ˵ 

ȻˣͿƺĲ顣˿תȥ 

ȻңΪҪ£Ϊʲôɱң㲻ٴΰ㣿Ӱ̧ͷʡ 

Ŀ΢ЦӰ磬ΪûҵΣ㻹˵ңѹĿ΢΢ۣȥ 





ʮ һϦѪ

ӰŷıӰͷŲĬĬس 

ûΣȷĹûм˱ȵϣӰһЦ 

ˣ֪ӰĬƬ̣˿ȻĶôᶾӰ 

ӰӰӳӣôΪʲôĿڣǣһĿİɡ 

ǰɣǣⲻҵ񡣡Ӱͷȥ 

ʲôӰЦ 

ӰվƵӭӰһ˫˫ҵЭɱ˵񡣡 

ӰηĶӰŶӵ⣬ƺ 

ɿ佱ӰͷûˣͻȻ͵͵һ̾Ϣôƭ㾹ȻҲģ 

Ӱһתȥ˿ʣôأ㾹ȻҲµȥ֣ 

ӰԲһʱˣƬ֮תȥҴȻֵܣǣ

ӰҲû˵ʲô׼⼸춯֣ҺˡתͷȥңҹգǸҹԼԿģҸ裬ұ˳㻹Ը⣬ҿ 

¥Ұζһ̧ͷӭЩҹ·ݿֲ԰ףԵ㶫 

ЦЦðʲôóԵģ¥ߣˮ޺ϣιȥɡͻȻ俪ڣһ˫ˮˮĵĴ۾գգ 

һ˵ʲô 

һЦ۾ˮ޺ϣûʲôǣһи̣ǾǳŵĴôܵ𰡡˵ôһұ㴫Ⱦô찡˵󣬽ģǸĺӡ 

ˮ޺΢΢һЦͷ˲ͻȻüһ޵ѪζɻĿŷ裬һûûεЦŴ¥һȶԴ 

үǵǱߵ﷢ʬ塣ͻȻ 

һæվôģʲôˣ 

үǷǼʱǵѪûиɺԣӦǸáһǰ⣬үϣһֵ̧ݹһ 

һ𣬡 

Цվô˵ҪɱɡЦ¼ͷ˲֡Ŀ˹Ƥ㿴𣿴˵ϣ˭ܵ 

˵ţ۾ȴһͻȻЦЩ 

裬裡ˮ޺۴һô裿 

û£ȿȣһƿ֣סЦֱЦ޺ۣǣֵһһ¡ 

㵽ôˣʲô˵˺òãˮ޺ۻŵĿ 

ȴһԣȻ֪緢ʲô¡ֻлϿԵ֣ 

Цܣˮ޺۵֣޺ۣˣһҸߺòáСʱ˵һỤҵģ̇ͷɧܹӰӰЦһĿˡ 

ˮ޺ۻͷ¥¥ȴԼҡҡͷ޺ۣԾһɣǼˣɱġˮ޺۸ 

үôˣӰ˹ַס裬ɫ԰ףɵ 

ǺǡĿӰǳЦҪˣ𣿡 

ү˵ЩʲôӰһ㶡 

˼̧ͷգʲôĶӰϣȡӰһ̧ͷǰȻһƬʪ죬үɾ 

ͷǵѪҺţ˵ҪûӰĶԻöã

Ҫǣûлͷûоû˵˻ȥӰǸöáҪǡûа㣬öã 

˵ţе㶼ˮҺþãþöûп޹ˣҴǵζȻôࡣ 

Ҫɱ񣬺ǺǣԲֹĺ¡ҰǼ£ɱˣΪңܱѣǲǣ 

ЦᣬǵѪڲϵ 

үң㡭ʲôˣӰʧɫһʱ侹Ȼ״ΣŷӣվȣȴǱġ 

Ҷ֪ˣ軹ЦЦ̧ͷӰҡҡͷȴʲôҲû˵




ʮһ ɻӦ

һγ֮ǰҾ֪ҴѵΪһҩҿܣҲ޷ѹסڵĶԣԭ׼ҩ󣬾Ϳԣĵ뿪ǣڣƺˡ 

ǶƣһҪɱ˵񣬾Ϊ˸ұ𣿻ǱǸҪɱˣˣԼú롣˼ĨȥǵѪոյӰϵѪû£Ҳ˵ԼѪѾûжˡҲǣҪ˰ɡ 

Ц޺ۣĮҲȥˣһؼҰɡͷŴס¥ˮ޺ۣһСһ 

үӰ£ͻȻˡ 

ʲô迴һۣޣһޣĶˡԺ£ҿǣסˣԼɣôϵıҲѲ㣬Ψ裬ûˡ 

 

ˣҴһ˵۶費֪ȥҪʲôʣʲô취ıѣʲô취 

룬ԼʲôʱأӰӰŶڳɣŸʲôأĵŪذףˮ޺һԿ̽ϢԭúõģôͻȻ䡭 

˭֪㿪ˮ޺۵֣޺ۣǺ꾫ٺ٣ÿ²˵֮󣬻ᵽȥһ˫۾գκαˡ 

ԭ˱ѣƭʱߺޣĵܵһѪû뵽⼸ƽһƬ񵭣Ը˷￵ѹŻߣԼˮ޺ۺ¥ͬ·ǡ 

ӰӰһ·ϸţȴδ˵һ仰Ȼÿ峿˳ӼӰȻһЦ 

ֻѪɻҡ 

飬ۼ 

游˵ҿЩȥף費֪ŪһС˹ģ˵ҡš 

㣿ˮ޺ȻҲ֪¶ȴò׼⣬Ӱƭ˵ˣ⼸ӣƺѾԭ¡ 

û취ˡЦҲûʲôһϣңҲûɣҺͺС÷Ǹ۶ܼ޸ˣôţҲá룬ҡͷң游Ҫ£ҿ°ﲻæˡ 

㻹Ҫˮ޺һ 

ǺǵЦҷʲôǣ游ǾԲģҲκβˣ޺ۣ¥ʱҪŶƤҡҡָһЦ 

ˮ޺ͻȻǰеİ͸һеͻ㡭 

ɡǳЦ֣ѾҪˡ˵Ŀϸ΢Ѫ貢⣬ӲɾĿһԣɫȴԽ԰ס 

ˮ޺յһȭڳϣŵ¥һæ˳ѯʣӰҪǰһ̽ȴӰһסӰ֪Ĳֻ¼ˣԿƣΪ֮ƣҲֻٻصǣүӷеҽһʱа취 

̧ͷ⣬Ӱһ˫ǳǳһЦỽ 

ӰһתͷŷЦա 

ģûµġЦЦ£Ҳ° 

Ȼ󣬳£Ӱˣֻó΢΢ζһ£һ¥һļݳӰæϣӣ 

¥ĿһۣηѪֹιȥˣǵסҪſϷŹ˵תһݣ 

ӰԭأͻȻƺˣӵĻȴʧȥһҪˡ 

ӰҲ͸ȥô֪Ҫɱ˵Ϊұ𣬿ǡΪʲôȴʹ



ʮһ ɻӦ

Ҷүˮ޺۱Ż˺¥̤ŵһ۾һ۷Ļһ磡֮һֱҹȻˮδԲѡ 

ˮ޺쾮Ժ޺޵ʯԡ 

޺ۣôģҲûʲôã硭¥Ȱ 

ôأˮ޺üҡͷҲףͰôһʼ˵˵ںò˶֪ˣ֡ѱѣǷﰲȻӰǡ 

¥̧ͷ͵͵̾ϢԣôϷģݹô౯ϣԼʲôʵǣľٶ͸ȴۡ 

Ϊʲôˮ޺ץͷһͷ߰㣬ͷ˰ȴֻǶ˵һ䣬ôôɵ 

ӰĬĬվ£һ侲޺۹ӳ̾²˷ҹź¥ææԼͻȻò֪úȥδӡˮ޺ۺ¥û˵ԭ򣬷Ĳں¥˵ﶼ̫ͻȻ 

˵˷Ĳֻһۣ˶϶ҩҽ漣 

ǵģ漣ڵ漣ϧؽѰҽֻҪһϣҲҪܻܵš 

꣬ԭûô󣬵ʱڣȻһص꣬ѹ䣬Ů㲣һǳ˯賶һЦݣҷεºܣλ͡ 

ĳ򼫸ߣϲ裬ˣ˵ϲߡ 

Ҳһδϲæȥˡ 

´ţƺɲ٣Ҳˡинӣȴɵ 

үʱ˥ӣ񣬳Ȼ޲⡭λҽһͷˮ 

ͷһϲҲǺˣ˾Ͱˣλҽлˡ 

λҽвҲûȻ뿪ˡ 

迴ˮ޺ۺ¥ϲɫԼҲۿһЦ⡣ 

裬㡭ͻȻʣһߵͨ졣 

Ŀ΢΢Цţô㲻𣿡 

ҡͷԭҴ㣬ֻҪһۣҾͼ㣡̧ͷСĿŷ 

Ц̧ͷۣεͷðҵĺöˣֻҪ㿪ģʲôʱ򶼺ã 

ģһ漴ϲ 

ҡƭ㣡ڣ廹ڴĴϢһӣɫ԰׵ûаѪɫȴʼչЦݡ 

ߵĵͷ磬ã 

ǺǵЦǵûǺСʱѾͷÿδԼһǹҲ۷ģ񣬾Ȼǡûиı䣡̧ͷ˵֮⣬һ˿̾Ϣ



ʮ 򳤺޸

¥ҷ£Щִ٣ȴڲסеϲ죬ƺÿһ˶ڿĵæµšǳŵģССĶү 

ڴǰ䣬ûа㺡 

﷢ˣʲôһѧȴԸڷǰһĵСŮˡ 

ϧ޻磬ο赭Цͷ 

ҲǳЦ˼Ϊϣ㰡ʲôʱô˴ûþվڣͷҪˡŷ裬Ҫ˵ԭҲϧ£仨⣬ˮ顣 

仨⣬ˮ顣һ̲סһͿȣŵæţˮ£ѽҿɲ˵ˣˡ 

ͷֲСӣ㲻˷ġЦЦҷԴӦ޸֮Ҿ;Ҷ˸ 

˵ʲôŭĵһۣһţ˷ƹԼȰɣҲͱװˣȥöأ 

׼ˣ迪˸Цҡҡλεȥˡ 

΢΢üܾʲôԾȴ˵ԭ裬ͺܺãΪʲôǲأ 

ʵأҲܺð仨⣬ˮ顣ŻȵӿЦж˵үĲĲҩҽ֪Ƿҩҽ 

ԣֽ֣֣ܶܶȴûȻԼİˣŪڹƣ֪ͷβʲô֪ȴڳһ޹飬ôҡͷֻҲӰӰ̸һ˲䣬Լε飬۵ѹºȴ֣ԼһΣ˽˺ܶ¡ 

˭ԼãԼиһ˫۾ǣֺο࡭ 

ǰǻʵ۵ĳɱֻΪһźƤ 

ȻסǧֻغȻҪٴο˫Цӡ 

ǧšգ 

ţͻȻЦƮȻȥ

죬һµ̤¥ĴţӰվ¸ңңү񡭡 

԰չŵЦ⣬أݸá 

ֻߵŮӻ᲻ᣬûһԼӰڻƻ̧һ˿ʺѪڰϣЩۡ 

ԴΪģӴ뽫ΪʹӣӰԳУߣˣӴˣݣ 

ˮ˳ӻ䡣˭ĸԸΪ˶Ȼݵˣ˭Ի⣿ 

ԼĽ㣬ˣͬӰûа취ӵһһֻǱ˵Ӱӡ 

¸룬ٿһΣ֪ô 

 

ĵںڣƣЦţֺαأھҩЩɳƣԭͺǳ㰡 

㷴ڣִĿָһգ֪ӦҳȻĸԸǣﻹиͺˣȻҶȥ 

ۣڵȣѵ˿ûֱ۾ 

裬ҡҿΪô࣬ҺĽ裬Ѿˣ㿴Ժ󣬾ǵļҡ裬ΪӺôõ˽ɽҲˣ͵͵˵ţ˵ţȻ 

֣סС֣ٴε˵ˣ𣿱𡭡 

ǴӦˣ̧ͷзɿĻһĨϲŷŬĿƣֶڶģֻҩĺʲô˺ 

ۣģͷҪҪסߵıһϲĽзԼԶȥ 

һˣȻƣ 

Լǰ궼ԼһƣŮӣԲҸ㣬ԲңûܸҸ 

ˮźˮ£Ǻɫķдӿҡҷƺ˵һõĹ£Ȼȴ֪ǷãԼ 

ƺһᶨ޷ɣûа취ߣûа취⿪ 

Ȼûпûп 

ҾҵһУҸ


ʮ Ƭ

֪ԼϵߣƭˣԼѾ֮ǰˣż̧ͷ죬Щӹãͺһƽ˵ҸȢӡ 

ǰҲһ£ԼӰȥԼ׼ӣʵλŹ磬ⳡҲܾʱҲ䣬ӰʮſеõϢʱϲЦЦ磬ҲҸɡ 

ڣףһվ£Ⱦһ㵭ĺˮ˵޲ȴһձһ̧ͷչһ 

үһỽعͷһ˫һ˵ɵõ͵̾Ϣ 

Ӱվ£ؿŷ裬ЩӣûĶܣԼû뵽Ȼᣬ顣 

͵еĹܵԺȻֻǡ 

ʲô£ʣվЩѣΣĵӰǰǲ㡭 

ǣ裬С㣬ң뿴㣡ӰͻȻҡͷˣҡֻ뿴㣬裬ҡ 

΢΢˰ΣŻȥˣ㿴Ҳǣܺ𣿡 

裬Բ𣬶Բ裬ҡӰҡͷҲƭ㣬ɱˣûа취ûС 

˵ͷһſ˫ֽǰŮӵ뻳УҶ֪ģ˵ˣҲˣ𣿡 

㶼֪Ӱһ㶣̧ͷŷ裬ȥϵ飬΢΢ǳЦȻ뵽ʲôſӰתŲԿգһ̾Ϣ 

裬㡭Ӱʵ̧ͷȴѾתȥ 

ǵģƬ顣 

Сŷ裬Сŵҩһ·߷ߵţ㡭ӰѾͷ 

跭˲ƵЦЦСһ𳤴ģ˵أ 

㱧ˣСһ 

ҡͷεһЦҵĴС㣬㼸ʱѧĸС̳ƵģҪˣ㵹Ҳҿ 

ҾǴ̳ӣ㲻Сһ⣬ȻԷںӺܲ 

úãЦ㿴㣬û¾ʰһ£ҴȥγŮ㲻һֱҪȥ𣿡 

ģ㲻Ǻæ𣿡һӻȥˣȸԾһѱס裬裬ã 

๫صСԼϥϣϷʵһͷ졭 

үĪʾƼƹ񺫳źүӰʮͻȻһͨվ 

һüʲô 

 

վڿڣ΢ЦƮȻǿһȻ£¡ 

ǰ¥ֹһ£үͻȻʧ٣ºҲ벻ȥѲľүǡɼһߵ˵ʬ塭 

λڤ˵Լʱƶɿһۺţһ򵥰Լʱ֪ȻԼʦ˼ 

źŲ͵һ۷裬λҵʲôͷΪʲô͸޵ңϴλʦȻĪˣһйŹ֡ 

˸˼ţ˭Ҳϵƣֻǿš 

˵ЦЦϣɵĽ˼ϵ໥ֵܣѵܹȴ֪˴˿Ц⣬˴̡ 

Ƭ̣ŲŰѲһţ͵͵Цܣʵҽһ£˵¥⣬˶ 

˼ſЦʲô£ֱֲ˵ 

ŶҵĶʦǰͻȻΪܣҲ֣Ȼ⣬ĪʾƼҾ԰ظۣǡ 

˼ǣ˵ͷСףȼֳ׺ֲ£־ÿɺã 

ŵͷã˵ǣ˵ԭ뿴ʲôӦû貢δӹʣ˵ˣҲûʲôķӦ 

ˡѪ޺޵һҧǡ 

΢Ц뿪һ˿ݾɣҲɱĸ֮𣬲찡 

̧ͷ𣿺ǺǣҲã֣ԼҲģ𣬾ԼǷҲһ𱨰ɡ 

Ǻǣû뵽£ֵ֮ΣȻǰ




ʮ һﾪ

Ե쳣ң⡣ѾµķţȫȻ£˵һЩ̵εķȫ˼ˡ 

ɳڸֵˣǻô񲻸ʣοص۶·ϣһˣȻԼʧٶĻۻϣ׷ɱˣȻҲǴ 

ʱüһۻϱĵز븮УѯʣȻʹǵ棬žԾ 

ֵܱѡ裬֪˼ˡ񽫾ƱһЦ̫ͬ 

֣ңĵλȴ֪ΪΪĽɽ 

 

裬Ҫȥ˵ڷߣԸЩİιУð˭ȥҲ𣬾Ͳȥˡ 

ǺãһҾͻȻȥɽҸЦţûԼȻˣܳԼЩݵĿԼ֡ 

СʱԼǸʱ˶ҩԶ˵Ǹٶ֡ 

ǣҲЦſԼѸֶҩεĺŲˮ¡ 

ǸǸʱ룬ǲ¶ҩ 

ôһΣಢˡںҩܵû˵ĵطӣɫ۵Ĳ԰ףǸʱżߵģֻӰֻǲᱻЩҩЧɵʹ࣬ʧ 

ĴСͲ˿ 

Ըһ˳еһУȻû˵ĵط˿ڣһСһ㡣裬΢΢ǳЦǵǸʱ뿪򶾹ȣԼ͵ǰ̧ͷȴһ¡ 

쵰Լһ³ȻҲԣСҲǣΨһһΣܾԼ 

裬չӰ㣬Ĵޣ֪ 

ɽۣӭɷĳĺ룬ɽˮΪأ 

һڼϣһعͷЦӯӯվ󣬡ִ磬 

ϲĿһɽ䵭ԶĲɴأеʱԶվٲͷ׷ 

⻰Щ̲꣬ס˷ĺ󱳣ʣͷ᲻ң 

ǳǳһЦɵѾͷ˵أʵҲ֪𣬻ᣬᡣ 

ͷǳļ䣬ôǵ 

裬Ӧңܺʱεأ㶼Ҫңòáĵ 

ЦЦ˵ʲôͻȻɫһ䣬Цһǻˣ 

ͷһͷʲôˣ 

ǺǣСڶ鲻һЦ 

еĽһѵ󣬾Ŀĵط 

꣬񣡡һϵδ䣬ּһϵƶڤڤˡ㻹Ҫڴ˻˼䣿 

ˣ󣿻˼䣿ɺЦ̧ͷŶˣһһ٣˾ԱŵڤڤˣСģгǰɡ 

ι꾫ʦȣǲǱɱˣͷһ߰õ 

꾫ӣеŤʦЦô￴һʦ˵ıأ 

춨ʲô˵ģͷڤڤҲһֵĿԼæ 

ЦЩ˿ڿ˵ʲôȴһżĶûУߣ 

ߣȻʦŭֳ󱦽ֱȡ裬һԥǷҪֵĿյһ̧־һ⡣ 

Сģһæһö뱻ڰա 

겻ΪȻһЦŷ費֪Ӻδһɫ⻪ıĵ齣ĺһ 

ס֣ڤڤͻȻһסһ˫ɣ۾ŷ裬ΪȴǶ࣬ʦ³çƶ񣬴٣Ϊ𣡡 

һ㶣ͷʲôٲٵģ˵ͷΣӸЩɫһ΢΢һ£æ̧ͷ˿ڤڤ˲Ŀڣǲǿˣ 

ŶŮʩ룡ڤڤһԣŷߣֻͷĿѣ·ڤڤߵʱڤڤͻȻڣС꣬ȻСҪסٿɶ㣬ٿɷΨ٣ڽӣ 

һͷڤڤһƬա




ʮ ĺδ·

ʶһ仰ص¥ڣá 

˵ԣȡ˴ɩԼչ˵΢游ҵԼ¥˳Լ׵ܵһϧ 

Уˮ޺ۣ¥Ȼ 

ˣ򸴺 

Լǣûеõ𰸣ӰƬ̣ǵģԼҸƫƫûбУСԼӰ 

¥λȺɻ飬ϵҷҪºӢۣ壬Ҳ֮С 

ӰʮźӰʮͬʱ棬ʶսȭˣ 

֪һıƾź¥ĹϵٴȻţύµȨ䣬аϵسᵽ»ʳǵĻΪ˶ 

游̲סҪˡ֪ǸѾ꣬룬Ǹ߸ϵȨŮǵĺӲûԸԳԣһ컹ˣ 

Ҳ 

̧ϸָϵĻ磬ǳһ˿ЦĻһʤΣ 

Ƭͷϣǹһ˿εС㡭Ҫˣ 

Žʱ򣬷ϳ˯ҡͷȴڿЦʱƬʧʱӰվ⣬ɫһӭȥκ¥£еǻᱨ𡣡 

Ӱһ㶣ססĶٷˣүӵģγȥ·ˣҲ˸ 

ֽӹǼۣɬһЦ칤޷졣ͷĲϣɣġǸŮɫգǣǡ̧ͷŹɣ㣬Ź 

Ӱסˣ飬ֵĿɬ˶һֺãмǵõˮӿȪ㣬һֺãͻ㣬ںܺã㿴Ҫ԰㣬㣬Ҫ˵ţǼһﳤȥ 

ӵڵϣɫˮ˿һӰȥļǼ·үƺ˯ˣˣҪˡĬĬţеˮȴ̲ס¡ 

ԣԼûʸȥǣֻҲô 

ĶӰ͵͵Ŀˮˮ˿ϣɲûеͻȻ䱻룬һϷʵͷŶôõգһۼлˣ 

Ӱ㵵̧ͷү 

轫һ˦ϣɫ˼棬ɲӵģܹŶӰǳǳ΢Цûж⣬Ǹ 

Ӱ̧ͷŷվƬְ̣ѶȰҡ 

үҡҵһѣ㡭 

ӰһޣƬ֮תȥٹãͻˡǺǣѣǰһʼҲģֻҪѾͺãֻҪܣͺá̰ģʲôʱ𣬾һҪرأţЦţƮȻȥ 

ǵǸʱԼȥЦ٣˵¥ݺݺ༫ɫ費һЦ 

ӰҲʹԼǲǰ 

ֻƽƽ֡ǣ谡裬ôܿ񲢲֣Ϊ㲻ûбֹļƻ㵽ףʲô 

ܿͲˡգһ㻹뱨ң㣡 

ͷӭգЦ 

裡ӰĴҴҵ׷ϷĽŲһͷһȵЦݣôˣ 

ӰȴûЦʵ裬үǲҪ 

޹أЦһÿҪȥɩ 

裡ӰȵҪˣڵܡ㡭 

ΣӰĻͷһԵĺӣҲ㣬ûйϵ 

֪ҡӰ΢΢һ٣Ҳ裬㣬ңڵĶǲʧˡ 

迴һ˫ۺŵЦ⣬ȴһһ³һĻ㵽˵飬롢㡢ޡأ˵תߣӰסϸֱۣ裡 

֪֪ڵĶͻȻʧᡭ 

ҷǲǣ̧ͷӰһ˦ֱۣӰǯƽӿڵһʬ޴棬Բԣ֪֪µʮǰĸѾһСҲ֪һҪǡô 

Ӱ㶵Ŀǰոչʮ̧꣬ͷӭ⣬ɫ̹Ȼ˵侲˵ȻֳˣСεѣҡҰ˲ûаҷϣңƭңǶǻأΪʲôƭң˱һίСȻǻʲôϵһţ˭ںˣ˭ 

˵ţӰȫסӺܵƤЦӰ磬ˣͿӽͿԱˣΪʲôҪأ 

תȥ̧ͷ죬Ӱ磬ԭ˵˽й·󲻹鳾Ǹʱ֪ҵĹ·ںδЦţȴҲᡣ 

Ӱá 

衭



Ǹ쳾˰޻


˰޻ڢ

ܶʱңճգ룬Ժηδһ裬ʢɽһϷˣˣ˰޻ڣ 

 

գ¥ŵƽʣҲ쳣֡û¶ƹԳӴ͡ 

ƹ񣡡һ˹΢Ц 

æһ񣬡СүҲҰǺǣң 

үһ˸ͨ 

еʹһűɣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ģѾˣΣ첻Ҷѣ 

۳翪ţϵȨ󶼻ѽʵ糾ﵱһʱУң͢ҲֹΪ񣬾үҲ˸ﲻвȨĴ󳼡 

ζҲڣЦ۳ƽ̫ 

 

۶ 

ŵȥǣ΢΢üһˣһ£Ӱһ硣 

ǣӡңκ¥ۼºܣн˺񣬼۶ʵǲԶԺܶ˶ȥˡ 

üͷ΢壬ȥģЩʲôˣ 

ӣյϢƽϺδ˵ȵȲʮˡ 

һ֧ʣһȦȦƬ̣ͻȻڵҶ㣬˵Щһ򾡣ҵ۳᲻ңڣ²ȣ 

ŵԴ˸£ӵ˼ǡ 

վ̧ͷ˿죬˿ڣʲôʱˣ 

ӣѾʱˣҪô 

ߡţȻߵſƿһָϦµĻʹ˵һȦɽҶ㣬㿴˽˵ƽˡ 

Ҷ̧ͷӵĲԴĦ˿ 

ңңԵЩСĻʹ˫̾ϢҹҪҺȻΪ°һУͰ׷ˣ 

 

裡 

ƮȻ£ӭһ̤䣬 

Ӱһ𣬻عͷȻѿڶ磡 

赭Ȼ΢ЦûзϡϦϣһϮԵ쳣ĿҲ·ɣҹҽ裡 

ӰĿÿνԼ书ʱƽݣÿΣϢĳ֣ȻǳЦ˵ҹҽ㡭 

Ȼ㣬ţ衭ôϣÿΣĵļ䣬ʹ˶ٻ룬Ҫᡣ 

˵ҹҽ 

ԼΨһûѧĶɣӰЩʧ֪Ĵ㣬Ǵ̨ϣ裬Ȼ󣬼˵衣 

ҡԥſڣȴһ̧ͷˣͷǳЦ˽¾ûлˣ 

ӰȻ̧ͷȥ˫һرĹ⣬·͸һеȻ֮裬ҲһΪԼ裬պҪǰ֪ô 

Ӱ˵꣬ȴ˵ԭֻ˵ͷ 

㣬ûбҪ᲻ᣬΪԼعͷŨĻᣬʶһԸպܹң 

㡭ӰЩߣҪʣȴȥ 

ûңڡΪʲôҪ˵ĻӰ룬Ҳʵ벻ԭΨаӰԣĪ 

裡ĴҴҵ׷˳ȥȻһͷжһɫĽֱӰľЦӰ磬֪һֱڣ 

ңӰĶһ亹͸ûı䣬˵ʲô޹أִҪֹھɱ㣡 

ҲĿӰη徱Ľ棬ŷۣһһ˵ 

ͱ𿴣˵꣬תߣ裡Ӱ׷һӰʺ׷ҶСʱȹңǷģһҪҾͰ㡣˵űطֱԼ䡣 

Ӱ붼û̽ס֣ãȥңǣͷȥ˵ 

ʹѣʹԶԣȴû˵ң 

׼ֲûþ˳Ʒ˱ȻһЦƮȻȥ 

ӰĿŷıӰһʱ䲻֪롣 

裬㣬Ҫô 

 

˼˵ĺھѪɽߣѵ㡭



˰޻ڢ

λΪ¥ĳмҾһϣѮķоٱ 

ȨлμһֺĻľ磬һʱ³죬׷׾ٱ 

үѾ׼ˡһͻȻڷ󣬷еͷȥ޺ۣ¥жүе鷿ȥ 

ǣ 

ˮ޺վĺɫУͷŷ赥ϥصӣͷһ˿˫ֲ裬Ŀֱӷ˫Ŀ裬Ĵʮ꣬Ϊ±ѵˣĸô 

ͷ游ΪѵңȴΪ²ŻţҲǵĲϡ 

¥ҡͷ̾ԣֻǸӣֻҲҪͻһֺɽüһЦ 

ˮ޺۵ͷ裬ӲˣȻ˵Һ¥һ㣬ֻǡҪãĲҪ⽭ɽô޺ɽׯͳʱ׷̼֣ɴ²ǲܣ 

ԿЦҡͷȻ֪¥ĺΪ¥⣬ʵϲٿ´̹վǡ޺ۣ˶СϣҪˣο˵£˵ҲҪʮʱ䣬ҿ¡Ȳ 

˵ʲô¥һü漴ֵǣ㸸ĸĳҲôˣ 

ԩԩ౨Թ𣬿ˣҲͰˣο񡭡ֻһܾٱ£Ѿٷ磬ǹޣΪʲôȻɱ˭أƣ޺ۣ¥游£ǲҪа취ֹ 

ˮ޺һţˣ裬ǿԣҲԸ޺ɽׯ뵽֮УȻ˵ôΪԴΪԶԴɣ 

¥ŵͷƬ̺¥ͷŷɫ԰ףסĺۣʵû°ɣ 

ֻеˣûµģһֹһᡭһƬգ૵˵仰Ȼа뿿һԵʯϳ˯ȥ 

ˮ޺֪ˣҲȥֻ¥һ£Ƶһת೤ɡ 

޺ۣ¥ 

šˮ޺۷Ŀ 

֮ǰοľ𡣡¥ʡ 

ˮ޺۹һ£ﻺʯ̨ϣǵһ֮ǰ˶ûŮΪʱ˵һ䣬ˣ޺һΪУ 

¥˵ˣûƣǡǸʱҿ˱˰ 

¥̧ͷһʧϼʵΪʲôֹȻѾ֪ 

ˮ޺ҡͷЦ¥ΪֹôοҪĽ֡ʱֹǴһҲƴȫ˷뿪ǣǴӴ˻ǸΣ֣ 

¥ǲǴˣ 

¥ҡͷ૵ģһ㣬㲻վͷϼڵ󣬡˵öԣֹǣҲ䣬һҪֹ 

ô𣬼ô౯ϣıĮѿ͸ңȴʧȥκһѣ 

ˮ޺΢΢ͷעλѣˣǰֵܣȴȲѵ򣬽ֵܣô΢ЦҡͷȥãҰ㣡



˰޻ڢ

ȵ鰸ǰǵĿɨˣЦЦεһˣԺ£Լܼ̫ϻʡ 

ԼСɵĿ־壬ǸӶβΥԼʲô뵽ˣ΢΢Цӵ¡ 

裬ɱ˵֪ôĿڣ޺ǣ¥㡭 

վǶ΢΢бǽڣе̧ܰͷ˿һºȻ´ 

ιǲҪӰѾͷһ̨ͬ裬㲻 

ǳǳһЦ˵ĳ˳磬۹ȴһûע⵽ʹ 

ĵͷһ֣Ƕȥ׼ɣ 

¥ˮ޺һۣϧҡͷⳡ־磬ԼˣҪԼѣԣһҪ뿪 

裬ȻǰæǾ͸ˡˮ޺ۺ¥Яǰ 

΢ЦͷˡԶͣ 

ڣ¥һȭˮ޺뿪ߵĴſʱͻȻͣŷ裬գһҪҰѾԻ 

ţã΢΢ͷ 

һΪ¥һҪŵһ 

΢΢һǿǽֱӣȭһΣһԣ 

¥ڷĵ뿪΢΢Цţת뿪һϮ²ûƮ΢΢´ſĵطڼȫĺɫ͸һһİɫ 

 

λ¥Եú¥õĽĿдЦƣһű˪͸⣬ҲЦţһж͡ 

ƹ񣬷һѾ֪ЩǷҼһ裿ƽϺСүվʵ 

ѽСү˵ģ¥нգҪλģλȻˣøλźȥأЦſɫһϲĿڣҲһСĿ˵һЦˣ 

ÿһ˶ԣзȻʮӰڼְλߵѩĵֱǵľ 

ƹǺ⣿ȷӦĵûжپ⣬ԾĵٱЦ 

Ŀ꣬۳ΨһһȻ鴫үôҪ췴 

췴һüͻȻ뵽裬΢΢ҲйϵôɫĿ˷һۣҪʦɣ 

үշһŮз 

ΧѾɫòҰףҪӿȴԼͶˣж 

ҲûжҲˣά̩ɽ΢΢Цô˵䴫ԹȻ٣ȷҪ 

ǵȻЦүǺӲȻô 

ŶǷҵүһü֪ǡ֣أ 

ǰ͵ĵͷүȻ鴫СС;侲£ǰӣ裡 

ĬĬصͷĪһۣӽԼΪԭôΪòףһѡ뵽ˣɵȻһЦȻˣƹǶɱˣ۳Ȼң 

ҡͷڶûжұȻҪǿ裬λҪôλźΣ 

˻鿴ʲô裬ûܶɰԼѪμʲôᡣ 

ңү໹Ҫأ˵컹ܴӻﻻЩʲô 

Цƹɱңҵͷ׸ֶ֣͵ģϷʵȴ͸εĿɬ¼䣬ΨһһҪɱԼ׽ĵֳ̧ܵܵͷҲܶôΪʲô۾ȣ 

᲻ỤԼĵܵƽ 

һģ


˰޻ڢ

λ񣬼λˣƮڿд̧ͷһĶĿӰ裡 

ү΢΢ĵͷүʶ費ʤңգ˵ţ̧֣һɫĽֳһΪүУ 

ЦȻҪɱң 

Һޣɲ˵ţգԾһҹ·תľ飬Ǽȥ˵ĺÿһһ̶˺£ϢͷǺҹӰؼ䣬ΨһôһĨʺ졣 

һʺӰӺղ룬һӰ 

ҹɫ񷣬ˣᰵһĨѤõľʣӰ룬·Ĳࡣɴ裬һۼ 

ӰΪֻһ裬һͨ衣ȴû뵽䣬Ȼһʹһֺ񼴽𣬷صʹֲĸϷĺ£Щʪˮɻ̧ͷȴϷһ˫Ц˫סӰȥӰһȴ˵ૣҹգ 

˭裬˭Ļѡ 

֪˭ȼһ𣬴һֲҵζɢ˾̾ȴͻȻе 

һŨصѪζӭ棬ӰȵĻعͷȥϵȴǷ躬Ц˫ϲôϲ㿴ɺã 

Ӱסˣ˽ȴһصԼǰǡ貽Ҫֻߣ˳ӦԼģ 

Ҫޣָӣȥ֪ʱµ飬Щӣˣ 

ӰԼЩ֪룬ܻˮڶϵૣ裬ŮӶϸ´档ˣ£ 

Уϲңĳʡ 

ӰȻۣ֪ԼõͷǣȴΣҲ˵֪ΪԼһУǸм밮޹أ֪ʲôǰΪߣԼСֻ֪Լᣬȴ֪Ǿǲǰ 

迴Եĵͷһ˿ˣԲΪ˷գĿڣһٰ㡣ȻһɣԹ޻ڣ 

һ̣ӰԼջһ˿ȣɻ̧ͷ֪˭ᣬˮ 

˶ͷţÿһ˶еĺ壬ȴÿһ˶۾ʪ󣬺ͷʲôѹţʲҲ² 

𣬷صһ衣 

ӰѪ趯ҹУȫûʱռơ 

̧ͷţһ̣˱˰ĲԷĽԼʺʱûжΪҩĹϵУ𾪣 

˫ƯӨķŵһЦ߽Ƭ̣ǰɫı˶û뵽ʱ򣬴˷еǰأ 

⹫Բ𣡡˳У㵵˲Ŵ˫ 

ô游ǵһν⹫ЦݣģһĸףǸˣɽȡԼ׵ЦݣףǧУ棡 

ֻһ̣֪Ϊʲô˻Թ޻ڡ 

мǱ̧ܵһƣһ˿÷˳ȥһ̣Ѫ 

衪һ˶ҩĿƳ˳ȥϢһң̲ס³һѪȴȫ˵衣




˰޻ڢ

һƮȻ˷壬һͱѪȾ͸û˿ڣȴָﶼĺ죬ŴĿģһ£ţܿɡ 

裡 

ɫ԰ֽ̧ͷţѪɫĴ³֣Ӱ磡Ӱϻ˸ֵĶϵѪ´۵ĺۣĿһԵӰ 

Ӱȫסˣ軽еһ˹ȥֶһͬͼȻǷһеȻؿӰϣǳǳ΢Ц 

裬㲻Ҫ裡ӰˣһеƴҡŻӯһִûйĿ־ĵͻȻһԼҪˣӡ

裡Ӱ֪Ŀỽ 

һֻƯСڴּ䱼ܣһŮӳֹЦС꣬Ƥ׸ɺã 

ǰһ̣ûжֻܹ̰ˮӡ 

裬㿴磬ôˣ⵽ôˣ㲻ҪŸòã㿴簡ŲߣסѪı֡ 

ѪҵҪסЩѪҺȴͽͣÿһ缡Ѫס֣ů˰ģ磡СĽг΢΢ǳЦϺů 

ҵĽסܵܣָ̧֣ŵ˵һѽĻ磬Ҳ㡭ܵܡ 

ǲŵĿ˫Ȼϣǲ԰ֽɫʱһޣ·ʱΪ˼ǮŪȫҼɹ 

ӰͻȻԼĳһطѿˣ۵ԺˮܿƵ£Ⱦʪ½ץŷַǰţ˵һ仰 

衪Ӱҹգܵĺ¥Ժڣʬ塣ĬĬվͥԺڣ·һ־磬Ŀնǵ۾ҹա 

ҲףΪʲôɱԼˣȻǷ衣 

ֱҲû˵ΪʲôҪΥ游ԸΪʲôԸⷴƾĲܣؽɽǡ 

ֻԼѪ⿪ӰӰߣӴٲñǣϣӴڡ 

УվŮӣûк˵κһ仰Ҳֻǰһ̤ͬʱ˵ֻм˰ɡϦĺʱḧͷԲ 

۶ǳᣬȴûа 

ҷĽֻ֣ܰ˵޻ڣ 

ŮƮȻԺУ̾Ϣ 

쳾׷Կο໯飡裬쳾һ٣֪ͷˡ 

 

Ǹ쳾 


ǣдˣ⼸¶³СῪʼĿʼϲĶעһʼǷ绪ͱΪߣ裬Ȼֻ˺쳾һ١


Ǹڷǰ࣬Ƿ֮ǰĹ


һ ֺɽ㻶

һΪһŮӶˡ 

ŮΪΣΡʷأŮϵ谮빬Ȼ÷ߣһλͳ˧ĻΪŮˣ߱λĳΡ 

һɽһ㣬꼻һ֣ת˲䣬һŮӶŮѵһľգ껪ʹʱڹӳĴϣһ裬£ 

ǣ飡ӷʵһͳºûһ˶ݣҲûһһŮӶˣһŮӶ 

˵ʱѾǴֻ֮ǣΪʮŮԼ÷δʱᣬ쳣˵ҰԸΪңЧλʵۣ£ʵ֪ȫܣλʵĻʹǰرĽҰֻһֻʣֻҪܶ˵ԣԸ 

ǣһ仰ҲûУǸֻĬĬĵͷҪò㡭ȥɡ 

һ仰粻˵ۣ̤ݻĳʣ˵ΣһŮˣΪˣΪһ£ûǣףһҸҪһɽ 

ǣʮ󣬾ǸϣǸõ׸ϣǸʹʱȴˡ 

Ϊʱ˵ף㵱ǿҽʱҾ˵Ҳưոݡ 

عͷ΢΢ЦС֪ЩģҶ֪ 

סˣܣô֪֪㻹Щ̵ֶΣһĽɽ 

Ц֮òȻ绨գСɹˣ㿪ºĴָķޣůĴĶͷ㿪ĵĻͺˡ 

ǡ۾ɵϴΪʲôϵģɽ 

֪ͷӵ뻳ϸӣһ仰ǣҵСңڡ 

 

ţͻȻͿˣſĻУֻģһһظΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô 

û˵ֻӵסӣһһ޵ǸϣķޣοҵСһԶԶģ谮㡣 

Ծһ֮£գ׷ƬѩУңңĿĵţѾΪŮ裬һϯ£һѽЦҵɿϸΪ㣬һһ裬УԶĽɽСȻ㡣 

еıط棬һĨãɳ 

һ仰ûü˵ʵΪʱѾ޿ɾҩİֻϧǣȻôꡣ 




ڶ ֻ

ĵʮ꣬۳ ʢʮ꣬һʵ硣 

ʮ˷ڽϣһһ޼ҿɹСڽֱ߻ε͵ķϰĹĵǮ޴֡ 

ʮ̧ͷ˿գӰȰ˱ƯСЩίӰЩˮԺ𣿡׽סһɴŮֱۣЩ 

С㣬ǵǮŮʮһ䣬ԼСĻɿյĿ˿еǮ 

̽ͷȥ¶һίʣôǮˣ 

˷վһܺʵĽǶȣڽϵŮλֻЩ糾ӣŮеǮҲǾϸֹ 

˵λúʣܺʵ쳣۾ǡÿŮеǮûܿŮ޼ļöͭǮȻҲûӵȺ͵̸ 

ԡ 

ǣˡ˷һϲָָҹһŮӣˡ 

ιϴôƯŮҲûȡһС졣 

˷˳һѣҪǶҪ 

ʵʵӵҪ 

֪ͺá˷һ֣֡ 

ΪѵŮӻ̾ͻȻѸٵĳ˹һյǮתܡ 

һ 

Ӱ̧ȥһ˫۾գգ֪ô졣 

һ·ܵ˷еǮеᣬüûǮɡ򿪿ȴ˵סԼȥ· 

˭˷籾ܵվס 

ǰһʮĺӣżˣµĻԼѾߣǰغӵµİǸӵм䣬Ǹһŷ۵գĿ΢Щаȡ 

˷粻һ£Сӣÿ 

Ϊʲô׷㣿Ǻգһ˫ˮ۾˿׷˺ʡ 

Ǯ˷绹û˵һ 

̧ȥӭһŴɴԼɴϣһ˫ˮӳ¹һͫ 

һεĿԣкȻеǷסˡ 

Ժܶ꣬ﶼֻôһ˫۾峺 

үкһ̴ỽ 

ع񣬿Ŷ˷磬ԭǸ 

㣬ǹģ㲻Ҫôߡ˷ŭһֵܾó 

ֻ΢΢һЦǮ°ɣûжǮ 

˷һͷԼеǮ߬ýģôῴġ 

ЦʮǮҲ 

һ죬Ӱһкԡ 

˷Ǯϸؿ˿ֻʮǮô᣿ɵĿŷ裬ԾİǮ˻ȥ 

үǻǿһЩȥɣ̫үҪġѡ 

кĵͷĿ˷һۣоһ˿ģ˵ҲǣֵˣҲûбҪ˵ʲôˡ 

˷类һһ㶵ģԭѾӵĿٴδŭ͵һ壬 

С˵ʲδ䣬ԼؿͻȻ⵽صһ˷û˶˳ȥŵһȺСæҵķסϴϴ󡣡 

㡭˷һ̧ۣӭкļȻϬĿ⣬һ£кĺ촽³֣Ҳ֣סҽС衣˵꣬ͷҲأתȥ 

ӰĬĬĿǺӵıӰƺ˼ϸ룬С׷ȥ 

ĺͣʯ·Ů׷кߣкһ˿ӣȴһ仰Ҳû˵


ڶ

 

òʮ߰꣬˹֮һסɽд˵еɽԺһ˶ǧ꣬Լ֮һ֪ 

ѩѩǧ꣬ٳˣУ䣬鼫Ϊ𱬣ʮ߰ǰ 

輣ѩŮŮ˹֮һɽӻ飬ѩܳ 

绪Ըŵ޶˹֮һ輣ղǧ꣬ʦȴݡ 

䣺У24꣬۳¿״Ԫּ׫д۳ɽˮ¼ʤ 

һãԸѩΪУѩ󣬻̬Щı䡣 

Ϫʮ꣬Ůɰϰ׽Ūһ㣬ĽŮ˹ 

ӰİȻ


֮ǧŵ


һ ǧ

ѩ׷֮䣬ɽһƬװعСׯéȺ¯ͨĹ⣬˿Ŀ̻ҿһ۴⣬૵һѩճ 

һſڻСӵƤͷүүˣȥҲô˵ġ 

ǰЦЦĵͷүү궼ô˵үүүүҲô˵̹ӽСӱڻУȰֺС˵Сɽţԣ궼Ǻճɰ 

ǺɽҲСʡ 

ӴСԺ˵ɽٿ٣ûʱɲҪȥȥ˽ֳ㣡æסСӵ죬ܡ 

٣ 

ɽ䡣 

ַһ۵СĶгŲ飬΢ĹлССĻϣԭЩήĻȻָ 

ðɣŮЩͳջ֣Ŀⰲš 

Сҡ˼£ŮӱЦˣ㻨꣬οƵĿڣٵȵȰɣҪˡվӭŷ磬һϮɴڿз裬գһɴؼķѩΪһ壬·һ⣬ͻʧѩС 

ףĿ֮һ˿޵˿˿ƣֱġжأÿʱȴһꣿꣿǡƺһǧ꣡ 

ǧԽԽǣ̵ɽ䣬ȴԼΨһļ 

ʲôʱѰȥǵٵ˰ɡ輣΢΢ǳЦЦԼЩٶۣһǧ꣬ȥݷһˡ 

С㣬㿴ǱǱߣһֻŻŵķɹֱ˵ССţС㣬Ǳߣ輣̧ͷָķ򣬷ĻǵصĹæС㵽һɽУе֪ơ 

ƣף٣ 

輣ɽ¾һ⣬žһ輣ɪɪСɽߣˣţ٣ﵹһǧ٣ٺλɰ࣡ 

Լ٣꣡ 

˭ɽľۼأǣûһдﵽǧ 

һƬ졣 

С㣬ɽǸղŵɽ𣡡СͻȻ˳У輣ɽɵ΢㵣ѩŮи飬ȴ»еһ顣 

Ǹٵٺһɽ֧ô뵽ɵһҧ̧֣䡭 

輣ᴭʧѩУ˹Ҫ˯һˣʱȥһ˰ɣһǻˡ 

ǰɽɽȴͻȻ䶳סˣŻ涼˱ůѩɳأأȻɽѩȴ궼ûټ 

 

ѩΪ֮أδůд档 

ǽǺ÷ޣ֪Ͷӭ 

괩ŵɫĳͥԺУеıӭĵŻأٳɹâۼ䣬ҲԶıӣճ䣬ЦûճϰߣΪĬĬؿļ任Ѿǧꡣ 

һǧ꣬·ǳûоͷجΡǻǹȥˡԼ˭֣־˭ȥټԺҪߵĻҪϼ켸ҹܿԺǽһʳȫ顣 

һǧ갡ʲô鿴̧꣡ͷֱߵһ¥¥ÿ춼ֽܶţÿһҳصĶ緢¡ʱǿϲģһ񵽱Խߣ缢ƿʵĿЩں쳾еĹ£ǣʲôãЩֽϣûеʷҪģʷʵ 

еʱҲ룬Щֽ᲻дյڸ¥ﶢЩҳֻҳһһŵĶûˡûУ 

ĿɨԺӣԺûˣʲôûУֻһˣһ磬һ˲䣬һ꣡Ȼ˲꣬ôפ㣬ǧ꣡ 

ԣѩڵĶ죬Ŷʱһʯһ˫ķааĵţ͸ͦıмǶһ죬һһ֮侹ŮӰ̬վſھؿȻֿǶһЦݣȻ˹ȥ 

Ǻܷӣģȵ¶ȣԼͻȻҪ񺰣ǣ̧ͷգȴһҲûз 

ҹǿճ


ڶ ѩ

ԣЩԼ۾Ȼһ顣࣬һ۾ͿĳǣⶼҪˣҪδӣ٣į 

Ժڣʮָңתһ¡ 

ʱɫӣҲǵɫǳǳУ޵һǸˣǸԼȹǧеˣѵǽſڣ 

ٺɽԭΪԼ˵ģǣ޴ıԼһѩڵʱԼƾһ˿ʶѰڣҵˡǧУΪʲô 

ٵͻȻͣסˣתͷԼ΢΢һЦ 

Цſ꣬һǧļįһǧ֧ţ˱˴˶ӣȻ 

ңڿڣƶ 

ǳЦû˵ѩ٣ţǺɡ˵̧ͷʼû˵һ仰ɵЩִٲ 

ͷһͷʾԼѾ֪ȴʲôû˵ǲ˵ǣ˵ǧ꣬ûкκ˵˵ʧ˰ɡ 

ҡЩʧͷȻЩ£ǰƺû͵˼ιǸҵĶˮˣɴһԼ²ɵɣΪ١ 

ǰ΢΢Цָָӣʾ£ܽŵס䣬㡭ɲԲ뿪۾ѯʡ 

˵ҿ£ϲüңͷһһԶѩɫļĶ䡣 

ɵЦ˳ָĺ䣬˦ͷһһЦҸôƺ㣿 

֣дԼ֣֪ѩǷʶ֣Ȼǿˣϡ̧ͷЦŵͷǣҽʲôڴĿ֪ǰǷ񶮵ĹأϿһȡ֣ԶͬԷΪԼˣһԼ 

Ը⽫ԼӴԺиǰˣʹԼһ򵥵С֪֪ôԸΪԼȡһô 

ĿǰС꣬ɫһ˿ȣŽ᲻֪ЩأЩȣǰˣʲôƵֻͣǣһͬ顣 

ѩ 

ѩûпű˫ȴһºԺǻ֣һЦ⣬ֱ֣ѩУ 

ѩظ֣ɻĿѯʰȷϣǡҵ֣ 

Цŵͷûѩתȥڵҹգ˿֣ǸУѩţǧ٣ 

һ׾ʫʱѩû뵽ʫ˴˺ 

һУį밮޹أ 

 

ɽѩǧȴįְȻ·˵أþȻ



 ն״ԪѩŮ

۳ȡʿһ귽ڵ˸״Ԫ 

ԣ䡣Ҿƶȴʥ飬ʮɡ 

ԣǱã˫ȫ 

ԣ˲Ż磬֮뵱ة粵ةƿԣţڸ¶ټҹ̸ίΡ 

ԣ˼۵״Ԫڵǰնԭͣһֻ󾫣۾̾˲ԣвԷΪն״Ԫ 

Ȼ 

紵һƬҶλ״Ԫʱ°ǻɽºԼΪʲôһҪ޵ȰʲôȻ˵ﲢ㸻ԣƾżĶµݣԼһһ檵пĹԼСӡ 

أ 

ڷɪɪҰζܡͱǶģϧһȲܳҲͬһѽ׹ӻƵĵǾͽзȥ֪ԼЩݹǻ᲻Լ 

ţɵñżٴζһ£ҹʵ۵Լҹ̸ʱֻһֻû뵽عȻɲǼ쳹ʧ˷ 

ԼҲļеһعǰֻħò֪С󡰰ߴһţˣ 

붼йģº˫ѥӺֻδ޳Сһͬˣ˵ʮԲĲǹİҪعеҶԺǾԲ´ζ֡ŵİԲԲ𡭡 

䷭ۿ죬ʱǸίԵΣɵõζһ¡ 

䡪˲ŻڳҰǿϧң䡪Ȼ֣Ϊҵ۳׫дһ۳ɽˮ¼Ҳʷ츣ˡ 

̵ģﰵһ䣬ʲôΣΣ 

 

ǵ¿״ԪΪԼ´ʡΡմմϲʱɽɽԺ 

ѩСָһűֽ̾ô״Ԫ 

̧ͷһֽЦһ£ֽǼشԵģͨԲţʷûе 

ѩ̧ͷһۣʶʼղڣȻ˵ÿ仰Լü֮˾øɲ⣬Ϊʲôô෨ 

żڶֽҳͷҲ̧ЦԼһǧ꣬ҰܸɵĶˣοԭΪϻһ뿪 

ѩû˵֪οǧļįԼʱкܶˣүүزǣûһֱڣҲ޷Ź 

ĳĬ̧ͷС񣬰οһЦû£ѩѾûˣ 

 

ϲɽ϶ʲô俴ľɽһλˣ̽·ɽּĹֳ˲¹ͷò 

ʲô̧ͷǺһЦ˰ɽʲôУɣйҪʲôʲôûˣ 

ʲôҲҪ䰵ҡͷҪǱϣһɽһЩĵ͹ 

û뵽ȴͻȻҡͷ̾˿ɽ񰡣ǰѾˣ 

һ㶣ֶ 

٣СӣһѺƭʲô˵Բһ˫۾Ҹ㣬ɽأÿ궬춼һѩİգǰɽɽΪ飬ñס£ۻˣﾹȻû¹ѩ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵˣ˵ӣ֪֪ɽʲôӵİ 

Ķ֪һ죬ȴװģдʣɽʲôСȶ綡ӣӵġ;òһ磬ֶһ¡ 

ü̧ͷɷнµֲ˵ѣɵɻĵͷɽȥˣ߻ֹţô˵ôؾأ˶˵ŮǶˣʶǲһ㣡 

ͷһͷվһˣɴһȥ㡭˭ 

һϮɴע쳣ı䣬̧ͷһʱסˣգ޷ڣղʩۣ֬ȴ˸Ҳݡ 

䲻ûˣųµһŮĺ¥䣬ȴûмκһŮӾȻ˾ˣ 

㡭 

ŮûһЩˣһתĿڣѩŮǵؾ 

һ㶣ѩŮʲôιȵңŮԽԽԶ׷ȥ 

ѩŮôְɣܣû֣뵽ˣһһֱֱ׷ȥ 




 ɽԺʶ

ɽɽԺԭһ˵¼е飬ÿ¼е£һߵĿռ䣬߽ȻҹӰײС 

տͥԺУҹ΢ķķһһ׵ĳڷֲŪңָ䣬ĨԼľ׷꾲һԵУèһİ˫ۡżк͸˵ķҶƮ䣬ķķ䡣 

ľûĴϣȡһУؼ·ֻǣֻ١ 

Ȼ֮ʱȴȻ˸Ȼֹٵ˾ĶԼȥĴţһԼпˣ 

ѩЩһ˫۾ֱֱĵ߽ˣһһŮŮƮɣվеĵͷף˫۽͵͵Ĺʲôѩɵÿڣǰɣҷô󾢶ҵɽԺǾȻζܽ˵ίĿ 

΢΢ЦţŮӿһͷʾѩȥӣѩأҲʹȥǸҮ˷ܵĻͷһۣС 

еŹ֣һ·һ·۾͹磬ûûûС 

ѩ˷ܵؿҴߵļһ֪һ˫䡣 

۾ţͻȻоʲôԾ񡭡ˣŽɵ۾һ˫Ѫɫ˫һ»عһŲӣһͷ濴һԶ䣬ǡĶ䣡 

ѩŮ輣һԵŮ 

ѩŮ䷭˸ۣţ۶Ϸ˹ȥ 

ѩһæסӣι㲻˰ɣιι޵ǧɲΪɱģι 

û£ҶһƮ˹һϹϻһ£ЦѩŷӦŶ輣Ҽ˵ˣдܣˡ 

ˣ輣̧ͷͷĿǰѹϣԳһ˿ͣôģصôã 

ЦŻͷѩĶֳˣŵ˼ˣ 

ѩͷȥһ죬͵һ˷ܾû취˫ְѶѹȥȫεĽڱе䶪˵ϡ 

һ˫ۣ૵ĵ͹һ䣬 

ӿסº͵Цţһº͵Ժл룬ûйİɣһǧ꣬û 

ҡԵʲõٴλ˹ȥ㶣ͷӭѩεĶԼ۾仰Ÿأ 

εЦЦʾѩļһ˻ЪţԼű輣һǸƣ輣ĿѩıӰʵֻ꣬ 

룬ЦҡҡͷԵ㰸д֣ѣ 

輣һ£Ƭ̺ſڣ˵ѣǶԼģ 

ԼһʱͷĬȻȥ輣֣輣һ죬ȴûг֣ȻĻ˵ʽȴԸҵȫѩ 

û뵽ɽȻԼǽ輣Ĺ𴽽ǣ¶һ˿Ҳͬһʱ̣ɽԺһűеֻʣҶӵĹϣһ˫ӶȻ¡ 

ʲôعͷȥȴʲôҲûпǴ΢΢ü 

ɻѩ仰ԺһЦǵȻģ 

ٴοһǿʲôûУεҡͷѩ輣Сһȥݱ裬ҵĻתúд 


ѩȻǺдŮģǶ˵ű輣ģ뿪ʱֻڿĭɵĽ١ 

輣ĿıӰԭǧ٣ǺʺأǣǸ࣬ǧεõģ 

ϦԺİŪŲߣǧ꣬δ˾ŵĵطȴһٶı˾ţǡô£洫˵̸ 

ԭյܾٵ㣡輣ĵͷ 

ǰǰҶٺȻɽôѩ߷߲ƽ˵ЦЦͻȻһƵĵĴѩ¶סˣҾˣǵҲͱ䶳ĺˡ 

輣ѩһŽһŲͣѣɺ棬꣬ôѵ𣿡 

һ˵輣ǰ΢΢Цſһѩѩ˸۶Ҽ˵ٸ˵ֺ㽻Ҵ 

֣輣һ죬ٻǳ˼Ȥͷָ趯һƬʵľףз׷ȴһ˿ǣ֪ΪΡ 

ϸָϻһͻȻȻֹջ֣˵ָϵһʺѪۣѩһôˣ 

ҡͷûʲôҷˡһԵĲ豭һڣո٣ң͵ˣ⣡̧ۿţȴƿˡ 

һķ磬⣬վһƮƮҡҡˡ


 ǧŵһЦ

ѪɫķҶſת裬һƮɣȻһĨɫһ˿裬һͷĳס˰ףһʱò 

ǡɰɣѩ 

˲ӯ߽ˣŵĲһƮѩһ˵ʲôֻˡһŵƽſ˵ϡǻЩ΢ѩһλһֻƮĺ 

̲ס̾ϢһҵżӺܸߵģԼСЩ 

Щεץץͷ̧ͷԭƽ˵Ĳ豭ڿԷֱֱ׹ȥ׼ȷ˺ĽѾӣѩһҽУǶԹǶ˵ľȣϴôݲ衭ô̵ˮ 

輣Ҳ˵ӡ׼ȷ˵ƽûٵһ˵սľ 

ѩҲϽһǰι֣Ҳ̫Υˣȥɣ 

̵վһǸǸһӲСİˤƽˣ 

ѩֻ÷źһҭɤ۶۾˰ѿһʱѾһ忡գЦǺǵĶԺ˰˰֣ҺðǷҽз绪 

أ찡ѩͻŵòᣬĶ㵽ȥ̽СԴĿŷ绪һºȴ˾ñ󷢺Цݡ 

ȴ΢΢һ˫ü绪ְܴɽԺΪʲôϸŷ绪˵ 

绪̬Ҳƣͬӵǰڷ꣬ȻǸࣿ 

˶Ƭ̣绪ĿһԵı輣ɲǼеı䣬С裡 

ټͥԺڣзҶȴž輣ĿǰӣͻȻһĻ㱣İȴϤǸգͷһƬհף˦˦ͷ벻 

㡭ǡ 

绪˱輣ǰѩ̽ͷȻԺ۹⽫绪ʱΪΪǿŮǽСɫС 

С裬ҡ绪Ҫ輣㷢ȴعһֽ輣Ȼ绪ȴһ˫۽ű輣ݣС裬һǧ꣬㡭ǵС裬ңǷ绪 

輣΢΢һ̧ͷӭϷ绪վ㡭˵һǧꣿ 

绪ɫһϲȻСǵǲǣҾ֪㲻ԼһһǧģС裡 

輣һǧꣿͻȻЦһ˭أ 

ѩӵĴЦ绪ɫһ䣬۹ⶸȻ£ͻȻֱȡѩ硣 

ѩһ㶣Ҫ֣ȴǰӰһֻ̧˷绪ɲǷ绪һ绪ͱ輣ʲôԹȨʣ绪ˣ²飡 

绪û뵽Լᱻһ׾ٵƿһ㶣һʱ佣š 

һһ¾Ȼһ޴âӡ绪һɣָ޴ķ 

âӡ绪һЦһС㣡 

ס֣輣վȻҵ ֺαظ鷳ҪҺǣ 

绪عͷƬ̺󻺻ķ֣߳һ˿ЦɵѾͷζ㶯֣ͷȥЩƣƬ̵ľĬ̧ͷιûУ˿̸ĵطл˵ 

ͷѰ˼Ƭ̣ɻ绪֣绪ȥ 

ѩɴһ˫۾ЯȥɵôΪ⣬ǡڸʲô 

輣Ҳɻ󣬸Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻ绪ȻعͷϢƮԼǰιС裡һá 

ɡʲô輣֪һ죬ɵ˰벽 

㡭𣿡绪˶٣ʳ⡣ 

輣һ㶣ѩûϵڵϣˡ 

㲻˵ǳˡ绪һͷǳЦ 

ôܣ輣ݺݵƿ绪ȴΪʲôһԼеϤУͬĻʱ˵ˡ 

ˣ绪Цűƽһʹ輣Լ۾С裬ǲǣ˵ǧ꣬ʹ϶Ǹԣ㻹Ҫ ǲǣ 

ҡ 

˳ִϷ绪ļ磬㵽Ҫ˵ʲôҵȺʱˣĿ绪Ƭ̣ڵͷ 

輣мĿıӰüëȴһ 



Ժеһ԰ڣĬĬ̧ͷգ绪ȻǷȴʦݴ£Ϊʲô 

绪Ļͷ˱£֪Ļأ̧ͷգʵʲôʵģʦȻΪѰ¡գ 




 쳾

绪˳ʱϣᣬôˣѩæ˹ȥ 

οһЦûѩû¡̧ͷ輣֣ס˱裬裬պϲԳ 

輣ͷˣôȸˡ˵ɵĿһ۷绪ˣղŻŵأǡô£ 

ű輣ıӰһʧ绪תһͷƮȻȥѩɻĿͼǸǺһ˿Цιʲôأ 

ЦЦ̾ϢԸһˣײ롣輣ĽȻΪ㣬Уʯϣǧꡣں쳾׷׺ɣУѰ˰꣬һǧĳԲ򣬷绪绪Ǹ۲۵ɵϣ 

ѩͷԼˣĲһѾһǧˣ˼ĵЦʱ򣬱Цˣ޵ʱҲΡֻˣŵó 

 

ʱԺᲦŪңѩ߿Žģﻹһˡ 

ңѩһҪ˵ţ֪һϱŸ˱ŸֵĴӴɽ·ԽʵһСĹ̡ 

ѩܵȥˣվ΢΢һЦϱ˭ 

ѩһ˵ϣһŪȥɣҲˣ¼ϵĴŵķڵϣ𣿡 

һ㶣ǰͷһѩľһʬ壬ι浱ɰûҸҵ˵ϸ˿ϵˣˣÿƯ 

ǲŲأѩ޺޵վʬ徶ֱУĺȫҲôֻˣ 

ԼҭˣֻǸֵĴ׷ȥأѩŵĽʬڴϣıڵǲףųʮ꣬ȻôУѩŴݣһ̾Ϣǡ 

裡ҲԣǻһλӣĺӣֻĺĺӣȻҲǺֻǣû뵽ǸŮ˻ὫԼǧжתϣȻԼŰˣҷ 

ĵûһΪģҲͰ̫ӷ衣 

ѩģһһĽţ·һ£һɽԺ֮⣬쳾еһĴ˵ѩ˵ʱɤ΢΢˻ƣͷȥ֪ԼҪ˵ģǣȴһҪŮӵߣãĺھѪ 

֪֪һںԺӵһϣһصĹߵĴ˵ֻĺڵľѪܽ⿪ǵݵԼ 

ΪŮӡ 

ǧеһ٣ѩܵľһֻϵһ٣ɵʿʾǡٿɶ㣬ٿɷΨ٣ڽӣ 

õ𣿾һ֪ѾˣǺԺڣһһԾɣѩͷźգµĵ¹ù˵ڵⱾ壬䣬꣬ЩʱΪĺӹһ٣ 

𣬺쳾еĹ£ۡЩ˶ôɵ绪ˣΪһ˳ǧ꣬Ѱǧֻ꣬Ϊһԣ裬Ҳˣ 

ʮ꣬ȴ˵ҪٰΪĿ࣬ΪʲôԲڣ벻ףңΪһôԼҡҡͷܣȻ̧ͷѩݣ˵һ䡪 

ѩ䣬һᣡ 

ѩһ֮һϲܾ 

ͷڴѩȥʱ֮ڣҪκ˽ 

ѩϢ˳ȥ棬һƬƶûСߵԣЩ֪˶ãһ߾֣ 





 Ź־޵Ů

ѩǲŵĿǰСŮһɫĵҷΣһնԼֱ˹ֻӣ 

˵ʲôѩŭһָԼıӵɴ۾õġ˵ɰ㡭 

Ϊ㻯ҾϲҸ㣬ĵһСǴ´࣡Ů˵Űһ죬ָѩȵ󣬻ֳԭΣ 

ʲôԭͣҡôˣ˰ѩ˵ʲôһתͷ֮ڿһٵףɫƵվĿ͵Ŀѩ󺰣ɴʵ 

̨ﰡôᡭط 

㡭Լ߽㲻֪ôˡѩֱʲ죬˭֪û˵һЦû뵽ﻹһֻǾ̾Ͱһ򾡣 

ѽԭٵ۾̵ɵϴĶ㵽ѩȥˣѩ̲ס˸ۣι㲻ã̫ûôֲ䲻ָסŮĽһüС㵽ʲôˣ˭ģ 

ǴĳŮʿϪ˰ɣŮһͷƤСԵʮֿɰ 

ŮʿѩüҡɴͽħҲ֣ôû˵һеôһŮӣһ䣬ܰѸϳֵģҲûʲôĵˡ 

Ϫ˽լֿڿ׽֣ûôѩ̽ͷսսһ䡣 

ѩԿҡҡͷ治ǵ״ԪſڱտھɷҲɽֵģ˭ִа˵ļͷ˵ն״Ԫ˸Ůǲǿץˣ 

ٷϻϪ˵ٽѩһʼɵһȥˣһܣѩһûע⣬侶ֱӣѩعͷҪֹѾˡ 

ֻǰһƬԼԼĿţ΢΢һʲôˣдȥһɾ޴ֱֱײϣٷɳ֮ǰƺǿһ޴βͣǡβ͡ 

ڵɢȥϪᱦҪȴӭһ̧ͷɵһһ£ƺΪʩչʲôԵʣǺˮȻһ˫ɫ˫ȴ 

Ϫһ죬ɵõͷȥǸҡ 

ѩɫЩ԰ףɵõģ㡭 

Ҳǽ治κ˽ôƬҺǸͶûˣ͵͵̾Ϣһĸӿ 

Ϫŵæңι㲻Ͳš 

ʹüһץסϪ󣬡ιѾͷˣôһְͷüˣҡδھһѪӿ 

㲻ҪҪϪʧɫ 

ѩҲæܹΣַʱĿͻȻϪϣһ˿ԥ鸡ĴϪļͷ㡭ʲô֣ 

ϪǳʿϪԺһͷЦĵ˵ͷһҿô 

ѪǺɫģ 

ϻҵѪҲɫİѩһԷ߷߲ƽֲ֩뾫ʲôЦ 

ô˵ǻ桭֣Ϫһ㶣˵Ż˼ͷԲŶϲ̫ 

ĲһѪϲ˵ǻǣ 

˭ƳǸУϪĵһۣͷǸѩķҪһͷ׷һΪǺӾأ 

źӾأѩ̲סҪŭȴˣѩˣֻǸС 

õѩѵõ󰡣СѾͷǰ㻹˵ѩҧгݵС 

Цһ£Ǹ龫ֵСѾͷ֪ʲô׽ôֻǡЦڴһֲ˲ǵѪɽԺĽˣĲҪ



ڰ 

ĲҪôѩϾ˼һԵǻר־Ӱҩͷɫ԰׻չ˷ôͻȻѪ 

ûʲôġҡҡͷƣı˱ۣ˵ĻҲֻѩһλǡٽһ㣬ֻҪȥġ 

ѩ΢΢һüͷ˳ҩ˵ǰεõΣҲãˣǰ˵ķӼҩȺ˰ɡ 

һۣ˭˵ҪҳԵģ 

ѩһ㶣ָָ˫Ŀյķ裬¶ȥյ䲢ûȫҵġ֮󣬻 

Ϫ˼ѩһڳϷһԵ˵ɵõģϪԥһ£սսվߣ½ǣιոҲãˣ㲻Ҫ˺òãҲǡ˼˵֪طֵģҡ 

˭˵ģкһԾЩԾԹԵ˵һ䣬ֻûϵ仰ѩȻϪԼһ죬ι㡭ʲô 

ЦЦҡͷָָʾԼֻǲ˵Ϫסˣһ鿡˰ԭ򣬾Ȼ˵ 

Ҳһ㶣ǵǺԼ˵ģô 

ˣôԺڴһŮӵһͷ֪Ǳ輣æӭ˳ȥС裬 

輣Եͷǡҡ٣ϴ΢΢ĺ󣬿쳣 

Ŷ۾´ƳſڵӰö֪ǱڵĲӵķ绪̲סһЦС裬죬һ¿ɺãҵٽһ쳾Ĺ¡ 

һ˵ԺУ־ظңᵯһǣĴ˵쳾һ顣輣󣬲ɵվ벻侹˳֮ˣ 

绪һƤЦĵС裬⻰˵ãҲǾǰôϣ輣һţȻתͷǸˣʲô֣ 

衣ѩ 

绪΢΢£ǡ¥Ķƹ裿û뵽˫ʣȻָ 

ѩͷλѰɽĵ£¹ùԴ£һں쳾˱ 

˿һԵϪ䣬εЦЦŶ˰ڳͿ͵ƣɽϣβ˭á 

ȻϪ̧ͷһС޵滨꣬ҭǧδģɵ΢΢һ˫ӵˮСţί 

һ̾ˣټʹǽ輣ˣ飬һ̾ޱ޵ʹ죬ҲǣһҸɣ뵽ˣɵĳһ˿ǳЦ֣ΪŮȥ۽ǵۡ 

˲Ѿ˵һ仰ˣһжȥˣûˣ 

Ϫ΢㶣̧ͷο˵Ļ 

 

ǡһ˶УͷԭӦڵķſھվţһ˫۾峺ȴ͸Ų⣬紵½ûһĻ˭ǡ 




ھ ȴͷ

ĬĬĿǰһɾ꣬ã΢Цǰһ֣ǰҲաû뵽ûɵ侹ȻȴԼ˭ҽӽ裬ô 

ͷΣЦŵͷ 

裬ҲãӽԺٲǣЩ쳾ղӽԺµġ輣˼Ŀڡ 

ΪʲôҪǣ绪ͻȻڣĿȴű輣ۣΪʲôǣҺ쳾 

輣عͷĿҲѿ˵һ仰Ϊʹ࣡һڣԼҲסˣ绪ĿҲĿŷ绪ã绪ſЦһ£ԭԲС裬Բ𣡡 

輣ͷȥĪĳǰ˵һЩʲôǰķ軰ɵȻֻ֪صȴ˵ǡ 

磬סôԺԹԵԣ΢΢˼΢΢ЦŵͷѩһԲɵñ˱һǹСһ˹ȥι裬㲻 

˭ͷһۣһֻץסѩͷϵĶǶ䣿ʲôĶ䣿 

ʹѩҽҵĶ䣬ʲôʲôſ 

㱰ɣû뵽ö̻Ҳѩ˵һͻȻΪѸٵһţѩԺٲǰ£Щǣ˵õľ񡣡 

˵ʲô̻᣿ſѩĶĿֻʮ꣬ǰص˵ɵľʹһ˿ȫһĺӡ 

ƫ㣡ѩһ˦ͷŷһְۣѶѹȥûע⵽һԵϪĿ侪ȵŴ͡ 

磡ѩǶʲȻתͷȥ·΢ЦԣǲС˵ 

С꣡ЦĿѩָָЦǰϣСС꣡ 

ѩŭ̲ס˹ȥЦңΪʲô 

ЦŲŲæĵѩĹƣѩӸպã㲻۸ 

۸ңѩ۾ˣôôأ 

ЦȾɽԺû˿ĹվһԵı輣ȴһбеģЦŵѩ 

ɽı棬䣬ļụ̂Уϲŭֶ޴ģҪҲҪǡĳ˵ģǾԵˡ̲סģǳëʹû⵽һԵķ绪شסˡ 

ЦˣΪƽֵǣȻԼû˭⵽ʦˣȻΪѰ£աС裬֪ҪҵգֻЦ绨̲סعͷȥһֳһŵǣû뵽Ӱô 

輣ҡͷˣȴޱȵĿ֣𣿡תͷһ۷绪ЦĻӣԶҲ֪һܵõۣ;Ŀ̹ġ˵꣬תߡ 

ΪۣԾҪǣ绪Щ׷һ 

ûңҲѡ񡣡輣úԥȴͷһУ㿪ʼô 

ãһҲã绪Ȼҡͷ裬Ŀǣֺο࡭ 

˻֣輣˷绪Ļ 

Ҳ飡绪Ҳͬش𣬡ҵһ룬һ֣һ󲿷֣ǣһǧѪύ֯ҲҪҵʧȥһ֣ҲҪҵ㣡 

輣ˣŵĿŷ绪ǸͲһּ򵥵ۣ飬ǰ׿ԼǰѪĸԼ㡣ҡͷһŷ绪ΪʲôǣƼˮ꣬Ϊʲôÿο˲ͬԼȹǧģ 

Сӵ̽ͷȻһ̾Ϣ̧֣ĸǧıˣ裬ףΪ˶٣ 

С衣绪нƽų˿ˣǲ˵һű輣ͻȻЦˣƤЦһַʽιС裡 

輣һ̧ͷ 

㰮𣿡绪Ц 

飡޴Ժ𣬲ûֵֹֻĺ꣬绪ѾҽһȥˣһͷС裬̫ˣ 

輣ķȻȥƵ⣬Ȼʱظ˲ʮ飬 

ȫ²۲۵Ĵ׳գ



ʮ 

绪㲻Ҫ˵ˣ˵ЩҸͲǵá輣ŭǰţʲôǰԼʲôκţͳͳǵã˵ٶҲûá 

绪ںظţС裬ûϵģ㲻ǵûйϵΪһǵã˵ģֻҪһ˼ǵþͺãͲʧС裬ȵң 

û˵ôȷǸңңҲǵģͬڲҡ輣ĲУͷ 

̫ͣ죬绪޷ľֱײȥֱֱ濿ϣҾȷֻ㣬¼ֻҲϣ绪һץס輣ļ缤ص 

ιſ輣һæƿ绪 

ҲҲţϱҾ˵Ҳſ֣绪֣ݺݵرס˱輣С裬ҪƿңһҲãһǧ˼һǧĳ飬ұ㣬һ̣ 

輣סˣô죿㣬ԼҲãôĺ˺Ѿǧٿ׵ˣι绪ãῪڣȻ϶ңǾ͸˵˵ǰңôһ£ 

輣̧ͷеգʱ磬ԭÿʱӦȥ٣һȴйɣû뵽εĿһ۷绪˳ֺ󣬺񣬰һжˡ 

ǰô绪ǰ˼ǧգƻһĵͷã˵ 

ǰ˾һȫûн 

һݺὭɱַ绪ʷˣΪʲô֪أôһΣ绪ɱ˵ʱһŮһɫҹ£Ŀ͵ǵģɵ裬ƺ裬ŻС衣 

Ҳôʶ󣬷绪ʹ 

ȴû˵һԵıһسʱһÿ 

ÿ绪Цŵͷûа١ 

ֻĶȴ㲻ϵĶԹԹܶ벻ʱˣǣֵģ빲 

Щ˱Ƶʱŷ绪˵绪ǵκϣҪҪ㣬Զǵң 

ԡ绪ű輣ãȻһЦʱҵͷκϣ޷˵ӣ;ϵĥҵ㣬ȴ˺ܾöû 

ˣ濴㣬㿴һۣȴĺСǲܳģңûܽס㡣 

ûԼ輣һ㶣Ϊʲô 

Ҳ֪绪Цҡͷ֮Ҳ֪ô£С裬һˣǲҪһ㣬ǲǵãҵ㰮ҡ 

輣ûд𻰣ĬĬվգ绪˵ģһ£һȫԼ޹صĹ¡ûа㲨ЩԼԼ˵ĻôǣԼΪʲôҪѰԼǧꣿ 

ҪȥˡĿڡ 

Ҹȥ绪Ҳվżֻǧ궼ˣżһʱ 

վסҪȥһϵģֲ巽򡣱輣ͷ绪һۣͬʱ˸£ϣе֪ǧﴫɵĵ˾ 

ɵǣԭɡ 

ߺˣ绪һϺȣ輣ȴһѳסٷϻߣȥɽԺ 

ǲһ绪Ҫ˵ʲô輣˵סܣɵ񲻺͹ٶɶЩɲɵļһἯΧδǶ֡ 

⡭绪ûзӦѾܳȥһξˣС裬ڡʲô 

輣һۣȻˣ 

绪Լעȫڱ輣ֻϣȴûʲô¶ȣС衭 

ʲô輣ͷҲصʡ 

֡绪߽Ŀڣ輣һ죬Ҫһ˦Ȼﴫ¶ȴЩᡣ 

λȵȣλȵȣǸ˵Ͷλ¶δ䣬һλƮƮѾվǰλȻȴǧҵĵУƶѰλ鷳ġ 

绪źۼĽ輣ϷʵĿŵˣιţӣ㵽Ҫʲô 

輣վڷ绪΢΢̧ͷԼЩˣҪô񣬺ܾǰҲһˣ˲䣬Լ󣬼㲻ϿȴĪİġ 

㣬ɽһɽԺϵЦĿŷ绪 

Ҫҵ绪ͱ輣ͬʱһţӣʲôˣ绪ӡ 

ƶ޼ 

޼绪ͱ輣ͬʱɫһ䣬޼ֱʦ֣иĪ⣬ɽԺʲô輣ʣһߵ绪վã绪ͷ΢΢һɵѾͷΪʲôһҪôִأ 

ƶѰһʱֹͣˣǿиıʱᣬϵؾƶ 

ǿ˼һʱ䳤ۺǰɡ绪һЦס輣ţϵ˵Ҵδ˵ɽԺôطУҲЩνʲôеļһС裬ߣ 

վס޼Ϻȣ㲻Ҫ֪ôƶһǧУףľô㣬ǡ 

绪޼Цȴס˱輣֣ЦŻͷ˵شҷ绪ˣûأδ޼ֻһ磬ۣȵͣ޼ۣ绪ͱ輣Ѳ֪ȥ 

֪ô󡣡޼ŷ绪ʧĵطݺݵ˵һ䣬ǣȴһ˿Цݡ




ʮһ бĶ

ԴӲռЩԵʱͶԼ֪һ磬˵ΪʲôֻЩĵģ󴳽ЩˣȷԼǧļįǣǵأѩܵκ˺ 

ܳˣֻѩ輣绪ԼϪСѾͷЩر𣬾Ź֣ΪԼ׽µһءһһֱﲻߵģ䣬˵ʲôʥ׫д۳ɽˮ¼һŹ顣 

¼µ伮ĵط俴źԺŵ󣬲ɴ˸£֪д˵أҪϧǧҲҪõЩġ 

һǧʱ俴ЩҲûʲôãһЦ˵Ļλն״ԪҲҲͲŵˡ 

ǲҲؾʲôģԹԵʡ 

ͷȻʲôؼûа 

Ǹ⡣䰵Եͷͷ޷ĸɾ񣬲ɵҡͷ̾ϢǰˣҵǸ˰ɣȻôЩԾ 

⼸죬ҲķǼߵģ˼ȴرĵȫ֪Լһʲôı⡣ֻЩԺʧؼᱻˣһǧ껹һʮ߰ģϣ˭Ѱϲ 

ԼȴԴ˻Ȼ֪ 

绪ͱ輣ˤԺģոЩӶֽҳŷѩһԺʯӣһ˼˵Ǵɴһ 

磬С㣡һ̧ͷĵ˹ڵǾһȫµĺӣпرɰ輣һѷסȻûЦȴ쳣ºͣСЩ 

绪һЩζӣСʹûôĶԴԼȴ裬ֻʮС꣬ǸСԼǲе̫С۶ˡ 

ôˣһȻƮ˹һʱΪ˱輣ˤЩǱķ绪һݣ绪Ȼס޷˽ѩ 

Щ£׼ȷ˵һˣһܡŹֵţϵ绪˵ţԥһ£һһվŵ䣬Ȼͷסӵ˵˵һߣ绪㽫ոշһһʮ˵ˡ 

ǿиıʱᣬϵؾˣ΢΢һ㶣˵ң 

˾Ųʮһ࣬ôܲϲĻһǧꣿ绪ͷҪСЩɿɲģҺСǧеҲһùǣοȻ޼Եˣһ 

һЦƮȻ⣬ҲҪС 

绪һ㶣ô 

ٴ򶯲СķģһңɾͿˣǺǵЦţȫΪ绪Ϣκνš 

绪Խüң 

Цŷ绪صԺڣƺű輣£ֵȫһĺӡ 

ѩЩŹֵĿ˿žµСᵽʱ˵ƽ΢ЦȴĿ벻ףһСһļһİʲôӣ 

ɽԺĴͻȻƿˣϪɵı˽ǶСѥһľʵȣǡľģɵһЦѩѾȥˣһѶǰľҿιѾͷʲô 

ߣ˰ɣǱСõġϪһѶȣָѩ󾫣ֳԭΣ 

ΪǶ鰡ѩֽһַӡú겻˶ķһȥˣ˵󾫡 

ǳЦοƵѩͷϪǰ᲻صѩȣСѾͷˣѩǰ󾫡 

Ϫһ죬˼İ˻Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣ˼ңǡţ첻ǲ˵𣿡 

ЦºͣٴסϪȣǲ˵õҵ 

ģЩͳϪ̧ͷȷûжȴ·һڶӴҵ֪𣿡 

ΪʲôϪһͷΪʲô㲻˵ 

ЦȴʣΪʲôǺǣǰΪʲôأΪ̫û˵ˣˡ 

ˣϪһ㶣һ˫۾ɵԲû˵Żǣ 

ǺǣԼһǧɣ 

һǧꣿϪһУһ̧ͷȴӭЦ˫ۣȭͷסϣƭң㣡 

ǺǵЦֹСѾͷ֣Ϧ£Ϫ΢죬ĵͷˡ͵һַۣɿİ۾Ųٲҿһۡ 

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㿪ƶҪȥһ÷绪ϤǱ治ķ 

绪һͷһĿԼ˰벽Ұ˵ĵˡ 

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绪ҡ΢΢һЦɽϵ飬ٻȥҪƻǵİݡ 

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޼޷Ҳû뵽ǰλ꾹ȻԼʦҲûв͸ӡûзӦ㱻ԭأһˣ㣡 

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ԵǸѾͷϪԼȴôҲ 

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ùõϾҲȥѩͦõġ輣Ŀڡ 

ҡͷҿɲȥмҪ˵ģжĵУǱߵķ֣򲻿̤һ 

Ϊʲôȥ֣Ѿͷһ飬һҪȥûͬأ 

ҡҡͷҾȥûǱǸ̫аˣһǧ洫ȴδˡ 

ңڸҶҪСġ 

ɣزһ£輣輣οû£Լµùãô˵ǲеѩƬɽּ䣬ʵǡ 

û뵽ƶȻȺľۻᣡһЦ˱輣Ҫ˵Ļ輣һܿ췴ӦԣѸٵĳ۶ָһ޴ı˲䵲棬žһ죬һ̹ײϱڣӦ顣 

챱ɫһ䣬̧һӣҲ˵һʱô£˶ĵضǣ輣ֻһ㣬ΧããһƬС裬ϢߴˣϢѾ輣ķθһѣκ󣬱ǰһڰ 

ʲôǰӹܶࡣ輣ü֪ԼδֻһֻԼůͷԵһ£ǺЦʣС裬㰮ң 

绪 

輣ͷһҪ绪ȴôҲ첻ȴ̲סһ£һݺݵײǰأҷ֣ 

С裡绪˿ȴԹԵЦţ˵һ𣬻᲻Ϧ 

Ͳ±ʯͷ輣ûĿڡ 

Ŷ绪ƤЦĿڡ 

ſҪˡ 

㵽ҶģС裬һǧ꣬Ҳһǧģ 

 

輣ĿЩЩ⡣Լͷ绪ǣͷ绪 

һĻڵҹĻΨɫȻѪѪġ 

С裬ߣһֻһѣعͷȥӭϵĻЦݣߣסܵҶҵ㡣 

绪Ҫ绪輣̲סȥ֪Ƿ绪Ҳ֪ҪˣڲɵһԿƵ·Ѿʹ 

С衭绪ѵ̧ͷ㡭ô 

 

輣һۣȴ¹е񣬡С裬û°ɣ 

ҡ輣ۣ·һΣ¹ùãôˣеԻ 

ɵ˹ɽû취Ǵҵǰ磬㲻Сǿǰµڱ輣ȴǾǡ 

ǰ 

ճյģһһԼʣС裬㰮ôܻƣЦҲôģǵɲǣ輣֪ǲЦԼѾѰ 

Ƶʻʱǿ̣˭Цó 

С裬취ҵĽ֧Ų˶áµͷ˿һСɵ¶һ˿ǡ 

輣վ֪ﴵһ磬˿ӭƮսȭȻȻĿڣȥǣ 



ʮ 绪

ף輣̤Ƭ̣ȴķѩһ˫ǰĵˣǣô 

û뵽ﻹһֻôѩŮһ̾ŮǾ챱㻹־ܣ 

輣һЦˣˡ 

Ϊ׵ɫһ䣬Ů˵ʲô 

Զ٣ǿ輣м໰һѱУƮתֱȥķ֣͸Ź죬ƽʱҪȥµĻڶȻ輣ȴ¶һ˿Цݣû˱ʲô 

ɽԺһǧѰңһǧ 

ԭôһ죬Լڿֻŵĵط뵽һڵĵط 


׷Ҳû׷ȥ輣һƮڷУһֻյѩӥб£Ǿ׷ɡ輣˵ţ̧һѱִһƬѩ챱һˣ˵أ輣ͻȻЦСŶǧУɲ˵ġ 

ʦ绪㵽ɽԺΪΣ 

ɵôʦˣȻΪѰ£ա 

һĻͣվڷֱϣ£һѷĳضŷ绪Ц绪룬Ѿҵˡ 

绪ңңĿӦ챱˵ı輣Ǳһ˿޵Цݣĵ˵ͷ룬ǵġ 

ͷ˿ѩͷ裬ǳǳ΢ЦŶ 

һȴ齣̧ͷ˿Ҷ֣磬ҪСô 

Ǳз绪Ǳͺáѩķɵһ˫߸ߵţԷֹ߸ˡ 

ͷ˿ѩźǺǵЦˣŲģҪɽԺȥϪͰ׳ո硣 

׳ո磿һ㶣ɻĿ⿴ѩѩҲЦˣ͵䣬費֪ô£˵ʱ򶼻֣Ψһ䣬ִΪǰ׳ո磬û취ȥɡ 

εҡͷȥɡΪǵЩʲô׺ͣɽԺ˵ΪʲôϪ˶СģȴΪһЦһֶԺȥˡ 

輣һߣȻɣɵĵôöԸģһʼûѾĽҲΪԷĵģѩŮȰ֣ǿвϿһ챱Ϊ׵Ŀ輣ûлͷǰȴͻȻüͷһ΢΢ĴʹЩȵĲͷȥȴķּͷѾѪ͸֮ĵľʹ 

ǡ輣һ֮ѸͣסӡľȷģðȻǰһֻ»һԹսɫһ䣬ȻȻ˿ 

ѩЩ⣬ʲô 

㱿˿üϸĽ߽֯ɵ˿ϸۺѷֱ棬Сǰ߰벽ҲȲˣδ뿪ķͻȻͷ 

βѩҲһǰģ红ͯΪλԴ˼ǵЩ£ô֪ģɫһĿڡ 

һҡҡͷڻǵͷ˵˾䣺Ҿ֪Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵ѾתֱɽԺü˼ʲôı輣Ϊз绪 

輣ڽѵ±Ľ˵ļЩ޺޵ҧ촽֪Ӻεð˿˲ò˼ɣʹСţһ˼ˣ㿪һ䣬ȴСһʹ輣ֹסȥȴӯӯһůĻУů쳣ģС裬Բˣ 

輣̧ͷǰգͻȻЩ㱣ûˣǷ绪˵ټתɲǺ󣬻ǡǧǰµ￴ģȷԼǰôΪʲôԼһҲǵãŷ绪ͻȻĿڣڵ㡣 

绪һ𣬴Ŀű輣Ȼ᱿ֱȥһһ磬˿ǺϸĶֵס磬ο 

绪ű輣غͷ㵵ĿһرС裬㡭 

Ұ˿ˣҪһЩʱ䡣輣ǳЦˣȻᣬԼ벻֮便ʲô£ΪʲôߣĪİģ 

绪ű輣ЦݣһǴеǰС裬㶼ˣ 

ûУֻǿˡ輣ֻ˶Էʽ̧ͷ챱ʣµˣһ˲Ĺ⻪ЩĿڲԶĵطߵָǳЦ 

ˣȻʱ򲻶ԣǿԴˡ 

˭֪δ䣬绪ͻȻͷ輣Ц쳣ãιС裬㵽ףң 

輣ﱾ˸޴ѩ׼ɫһ䣬û˵ѩֱֱģ׼ȷ˷绪Դϡ




ʮ ֪

绪ͱ輣˶Կ챱ѩվһԿţٺһЦΪʲô챱 

ҡȻԵõĿڣ⼸ˣԱΪֱ࣬诣ᣬȨ⣬ҡ⣬ԱűС˵ľȨ⡣ 

ѩԵͷЦ㶮࣡ 

ˣԺҿǶˡԸЦѩƺĲеĺצӣεҡͷѩȻͣʲôͬ⡣ 

ѩһһЦȻ㶼ô˵ˣȥһŶܿͻġ˵žҪǰͻȻʲôͣ½Ųȥˣ˭㣿 

ЦİɣĪ˵δ㣬ʲôᣬлͻ˵䣬źµŮѾ˲ֹһ£һͷƯĺ췢̧ͷƳѩһۣĵΪ֪ʱ̻ˣǲ֪أ 

㡭ѩһۣ˵ʲô̧ͷǳЦſԼ۶ǳ磬ȥɡеǰЦݺͻѩĻ鶼һɣѩֵĵͷַ˷Ϊ˷ܶٴðĺ䣬ʾƵĿһۻЦŴȥˡ 

ӣ̫ʴˡվȻŮӣϵȴΪѹˡ 

зһ˫ۣĿڣȥҲ 

ͻһۣͬʱѡ˳Ĭ 

ۿż˲Ѵ֮Ľ챱ˣžһȣƮε˸ոҪܵǰߣ 

ʲôˣһľ쵽һֹƣɫۣλѹ 

ɽ 

ࣿһ㶡 

ǰɡǺһЦһҪʵ 

绪ͱ輣˫˫ԣ绪Сһ㣬һﲢ򵥡 

Ǽ޼ͽܣʦҶûοһࡣһЦδѹ輣΢΢һ֪ƽʱˣΪ˵ˡ 

ţӷʲôѩһֽ̧еġ˹ 

ǵˣΪʲôĿһڵϵĿһ˫ɨ࣬˶ˣ 

޹ءĵǸ࣬ƶһ仰͡ 

˵˵ǿͿӡ 

ٲףαΪ飬ҿǼѣǰװٺãҪ˵ģǳͶҲΪʱĿڡ 

Ц˵࣬ѩҲһôˣѩĵĿ 

û£û¹ЦᶼҪˣ⻰һǧ˵Ҳͺˣ˵ţͿ𾪵ĿͻȻһ֣һѷϹıȻУɫһ䣬شҵ⣬ЩɽΪʲô 

һ亹ŵĿǰ꣬Ϳ˭ҲûĶֻù⻪һѾжеĽȻȵļԼľϡ 

ΪˡºܶѾʧ˵ؼ˿ĭʵʵĻش 

˶ˣ绪󿪿ڡ 

ΡֻʮˣǺһЩʿ 

Σ輣һü˼Σ 

һĴΣǰʦ޼УСǰʦѾǡɱˡ 

ŷ½˼Ƭ̵Ȳɱģ߰ɡ 

һ£ڣˣ໥뿪绪һüδȿڣӣնݲ󻼡 

ҡҡͷǼǶ٣п޵ɣɱ̧ͷ˿죬ѾתƵ̾˿˵Ҳ֧Ų˶á˵ͻȻԤȥۼֿһѷסӣ 

뿪ɽԺʱ̫˲Żᡭ˵ſһ⣬ĸĿڡ 

绪ͱ輣Ҳľ輣æȻȥɣ㡣 

绪վڼɫ쳣أ輣˼ɵûͷ绪ˣ 

绪΢ЦС裬Ȼȥ͵סܷʲô£Ҫ뿪ɽԺ 

֪輣ͷЩ 

İɣܿ죡绪΢Цۿһ˽нԶһЦ⣬Ҿ֪ɵĵôöԸģɣ޼֪ڣ 





ڶʮ һʶ

輣һ·ѩ˻ɽԺǸҶƮſڻããɽͻȻһ˿ģĲ 

һɽ䣬绪ǳǳЦǰˣû뵽Щţӻûûˡ 

󣬷ϻ˵ЩƶȥǸʲôɽԺ޼ĵ 

绪һ޼˾̬ȣȻЦ޼ҪΪϴҶ㣬ֻҪڴˣǼԽƬְ벽 


޼ʱŭ˵ʲôߵȴһƶ޷磬ˡ˵һ㣬ֱȡ绪 

ֱɲǷ绪ӵģͱ輣ԼѩֶԸ챱˺Щ˱ȫһΣ绪Ȼȴδ˿ӡ 

裬ѡ 

ӰǧС 

裬Ц죡 

һڷ绪ɲƬûһ£޼Ե޷һæ۾ӦԣȴûϵͻȻһ£޼Ļͷз۾տˣ;þ±һ˫۾ʱɴ󣬴Ƕ˶ȴʲôҲû˵ȥ 

޷춯æ޼ʦܣδ䣬һۿ˲Ȼ㣡㡭 

ĲҽƬ֣ɽԺȷ绪ı輣ɵһҲûԾ˳ȥոռ˴򶷵ĵطɽԺԶ֮Աûע⵽һ޴լӣΪĽ硣 

輣ϵĿĵصʱ򣬵ֻ޼һ˵ʬ壬ΧһƬǽ壬輣üỽһ绪 

û˻ش 

绪輣ЩĴȸûУĺɫµɽԵ쳣ž绪輣û˴ԣͷȥϵʬ壬˽ǵɴ۾һŵģ 

ͻȻ𷽲ŷ绪Ļܷʲô£Ҫ뿪ɽԺѵ 

ܷʲô£㶼Ҫ뿪ɽһķ·ڶߵͻȻԺ𣬱輣һ£绪תȥ˿տɽ֣ʲôûС 

ˡ輣Ȼ֪ԼΪʲôҪɽˣΪﻹкǧǰԣʲôһ輣üƾŸоǰȥָоȥԼͿԶ绪ˡ 

ѩһļѩɽϣҲֻб輣ĵطŻˣڣԭӦý׵ѩѳһѪۣԶԶȥĿġ 

绪ͷѵĺţΧתûŪ׷ʲô£ֻ֪ţͻȻˣԼһɾ޴ֱͳҲ֪˶ٴˣֻʹ̣ҧҧ˿һЦǡҪô 

֪֮󣬻᲻ᵽκϣǺѪı˰ǵõȻӵʱԼʹһǧܲǵ㣬ܰϱˣô 

С裬ǵãҷ绪Ϊ£Զڣ 

ǰĹ⽥ģʲôסĺɫһϼ䡣绪һ£ȴʲôԼϣʹƤѵ۾ƿߵˣ˵ҪҡˣҺΣ۵ɲȴʲôû˵˫ۣ׷Ѱǧա 

С衭绪˶ȴ֪Լûз輣ҧŴһҲ˵ˮڷ绪ϣ绪ۣȻЦ˳ȴȻһ⡣ 

С裬㡢ҡô 

輣ûȴµóĿͣıϣһɲǼ䣬·һҵһǰһǧʱͬһ⣬һжһɲˣˣôôĻ䡣 

㰮ôһһǧ꣬绪ֵ𣿱輣ˮֹס£ȴһ׹⣬İڷ绪ؿڣסһǧǰҲߣһ˹µ뿪һǧûķԸߣͲ 




ڶʮһ ɽԺ

ڻͻȻѵģһɾ޴ĳ·ֱĿڣȻһ۵һѪһأѩܽǰѪɴһ㡭ҪǰͻӰһһҵ˳ӣ 

ˡʹǬ䡭Ѫһץס˻֣㡭ȥС͡绪ҵġǬ䣬 

ӷģȥŻһͷѩǰĵÿ 

ѩһͻȻеίյʱֻԼһģǡһ̧ۿ飬ƣεһЦѩ 

ŶѩͷȻǧУԻӡǳǳЦѩ֪ģǲܺҶж٣㶼ǣһɽԺѩ 

ѩ㵵̧ͷûпڣһʼ˽ȫ磬ֻĻ 

ѩ͵컻һĻôãΨһڵ£㡣СԴʹǵʱҲǵǸƿԺӵš 

ѩһ仰Ҳ˵Ǹǵñ˭ģ΢°۵Լ˼ҡΪʲôҪ˵Щֻƺ־ůůĸо 

ҡ 

ңûеٸôǺЦȥҵ˵ţһ˿ˣǺܿʧˣһһֱĻΪǴ 

һѹ٣Уһǧ꣬ԼľȻֻ٣̧ͷһѩ͵ֻ̾ϧ̫٣硣 

û뿪ɽԺԼȻȡǼʹˣԼҲȥˣңҲˡЦָңزŪתǧһǧ꣬ԭЩȻֺѾԼߣߣ 

֣ͣ͵͵һ̾ 

ôˣϪͻȻСſڣһ̧ͷһ˲סˣϪģͼеĺصģ˫ۣϪ 

ǲ鷳ˣϪСʵ鷳Ҫ˵һ԰æġ 

㣿ѩһЦ˵ʲôһһסιſңι꣬ιҪҰһ·ҽű˳ȥֻϪ 

뿪ͻȻس̾һ仰Ѿ֪˵˭룬뿪 

ðҴߣϪԥĵͷˣǳǳЦˡǸŮӣҲͷƣȥϲ˭ҪǣҪһǧĹ¼ȡֵ 

ǵЩʶʹֻһ죬ҲڣǰĶʧˣǰѹٵڵϣ㣬߻غ֣ߣôҪʣȴһ˿ 

 

ʱüͷ󻹱һˣǷ绪 

ЩʼۿЩµķĬĬҡͷżһλصĥдʹ磬棬ʤ쳾绪£æӭ˳ôˣ 

ɫصҡҡͷ 

磡ѩҲǴһæ̧ͷŻôˣ 

˿û£µС㡣绪ᰲõͷĴϣˣԭѾСȴǬ䣬ڵ˷硣 

Ǭ䣬ѩ˵һСأѩʵ 

ҸϵʱСѾԼȫӡڱУǧ꺮ҡû̾˿Ȼ뵽ʲô̧ͷŶˣأӿа취 

ɫһףӸոͻȻ²ʡҿ¡ 

˵ٴιȥˣԴ󾪣߶ʮһһƿֱķ䣬٣СϪ 

Ӹղ˵ʲô𣿰عͷЩ 

ҡҡͷûУֻǡѩһʱ䣬Ҫ١ 

ѩ˵ʲôûУҧһקסѩ죬˵ʲôûУ 

˶סˣȻԣһʱҲǳе£һʱѣͺǰһΪʲô 

ѩҲףȴ֪ʲôԣʶĵո˵ 

ʹǵʱҲǵǸƿԺӵţһظѩɫͻȻ֮ò԰ף˵һ仰ֻϧ̫٣磡 

飬֪ѾչĲɿƣ쳤̾ 

УֻϪվһԣɪɪУһδ 





ڶʮ 쳾һЦ

ϪҧŴԺоҹգڣⰵӰ֪һʧԼȴʲôҲˡ 

ɽԺʱΪԼˣȴһֵĻûУʲôʱԼȻʼɽԺӣ£˶ĵЦɽ࣬ԼСͲףΪʲô˶˵ٹô峺˹¼ţ 

û˵ѣϰЩˣɽԺôǳˣҲЩòȻ˸ɾࡣ룬 

Ϫվѩ 

ϲɣһһ峺ڶϪСһӺˣͷŭôͻȻð 

ͻȻðģԼ̫˶ѡһ۶ŪϪӺ죬ϲһҪ˵ŶȻ˿ɲǺġ迴գĵ˵ 

У㻹ǸСӣ֪ʲôϲϲġϪмһƲ졣 

ҡҡͷҾ֪գͻȻĵϪ㣬˵һ˻᲻ǰ£ 

Ϫһ㶣׷γԣ̲סͷһСһܾãҺʲôеʱҾ˺ܶ£ܶҪ£ж˵Ҫˡ 

ʲôãһͻȻ̽һԴ䣬һһ̧ͷĴ𣺡ι壬˻˵ġ 

￴壡俹ĴУ˵ǲǺʲôˣʲôϵ 

Ǻأ費ĺȥİ׳մ壡ֲ֪һݹͷ˫ֵ˲ݵϣһ̣ȷʵܾԼһˣһ˵Ҫˣ 


˾£䲻ںʼ磬һˣǸ˶˺˭أγܵ𰡣 

԰û˵˻ȷеʱ룬ͷرۣҲǰ˰ɣҲδغá 

ǿɡһŶ˴һ绪磡æͷ㻹Ϊʲôˣ 


绪ɫ쳣԰ףһַſһְؿڣСأվŶܣȴ˿˼ԼƣŲſڣæһͦһѷס绪绪磬еˣӳȥҪ𣿡 

ǿܡ߳ɽԺſڣнһ취硣 

绪磬Ǳȥˡæ 

绪һЦ˹ȥûб䱿 

ɫһ˵ˡ 

㣬ҲŮôΣյصطôô໹Թ޻ڣҷ绪⼸ˣ绪 

˭üôҲ벻ֻõͷðɣҷȥ˵ţŷ绪תſȥתɲǣŲͻȻһ٣ȻͷһϪоһ˿ϤĶĳ˺һ˫Ⱦ˫ 

һ̣Ƭ̣ӾȻƲסĲ绪ɵʵ裬ôˣֵͷĬƬ̣ͻȻŷ绪һԣһ˿Ц⣬ڣϪᵯô 

ͻȻر仯ЩֲʹɫŨϪҲüЦݣЦ⣬ȴƽʱͬãȻĵͷ٣ǴСɽѧġ 

鷳ΪҵһɺãЦԽԽŨǱ˲ɾЩİ 

绪Ҳ΢΢ü㵵Ŀŷ裬ⲻǸһķ裬ǵһǧĹ񣬺¥Ķң裬ǲʲôˣ 

ĿһתЦҡͷûаֻǡͻȻЩ˷ܣȥһƬѪ죬Ųʲô̫õļ䡣 

㡭 

˵ˣֻһ˷ܰˡЦЦתԺſȥ 

裡ͬʱסǷ绪Ϫ 

Ȼعͷȴûп绪ֻʵϪ㣬ʲô£ 

Ϫԥһ£ʵ㡭Ҫҡʲôӣ 

Ц㣡Ц۾ϪȵĻعͷȥӶϪ磬лл㡣 

裬㡭𣿡ڣʡ 

ͻȻ̧ͷҹĻ񷣬ҡͷЦȷˣǡЩʲôã˵ͬô 

ҡͷ̧̾쳾£һЦУ 





ڶʮ 賤޸

Ϫɴ۾㲻ʶ𣿡ǳЦ磬ûпڣϪȴĻǡҿΪ̫ˣѩţɫ԰ףȴʮ㡣 

ϪЦˣڵʱû⣬֪ҪʱֻǿĲζֿűʧã֪Լԭѱǰǣ 

ҵ٣ˡǳЦϪһô赯٣ 

İҡͷɽԺſڷıӰ̾Ϣ˰ɣȻ˵ǸȴѾԼǸʲôСһȻˡϪҸæ𣿡ѩϪǰ 

ϪĵͷһЦһֻڰգϪһ㶣ҡҡͷϪֻ֣ڰնԵһϪסˣôŪţﴫĸоɺͷȫ֪롣ǲţҪϷġߴЦϪ̧ͷ۾ 

Ŀӣ̾ϢȻĳ֡ 

һѾӨ͸΢΢ŵɫ˵֣ϪסˣѯƵĿҲһĨȣֻܿͱŨЦȡˣȻЦ߶㣡 

ʲô߶Ϫһ㶣ȴͻȻһסһתϪһȵԺеϣ£һ̵ľɫ쳣 

ᵯôÿҹӣḧңʡ 

ϪãȻĵͷҲѧӽַϣ˲䣬չȻ 

ɽԺ⣬ɽ䶼ˣչǧ꣬һһԡ 

ɽԺվŵһ˲ɵһɵڵ˲ɶһۣ챱ϴɫҰ׵˵һ䣬ǡٰ 

ǹ٣ǹ٣˸͵㵶ɽԺŵʱƿȽڵɽԺţ˽ŵעĿ£洫һЦӴְ 

˲ɺˣɴ۾߳һ꣬üĿЦ̧ͷòɵһòֱ̫ˡ 

괽ݰף磬һ˫üĿʹŮҲû̬ȺͻȻһǷ裡¥ҷ裡 

仰һ˵ڳ˵ˣϼû˲֪ˣΪֹ游췴Ϊ˱үΪˣŮˡɡ 

裬ǹ׳ŵӴʵ 

Цһ˫ĿһУ˵Ѿˣ𣿡 

ʻԲɵһЦ˵öԣ¥Ķҷ裬ѾˡһţţǿڿҪɱЦٲǣ¥ڣǸΪ˰꣬˵ĺơ 

´ŷ裬ԥŵǡĺ 

費ÿɷʼ磬㻹ͦˣǺһЦӴ˻١Ŀ죬λɣôȫҪʦţ޼ɵ̷ţ 

ôָյһʣ޼ɵ̷ЩҲס޼ǽϴɽɣҲĿҲʵڲô󣬴ųĿںţʵ˭̰ɽԺڲ֪书ؼġ 

̷һ죬˵ö֮е 

ʲôɲܡЦһؽӶɱʦֶţû뵽վȻرϣããããе̷ɫأЩͬԼɵ˵˵ԺμˡҪС޺ôܡ 

̷ţģôĻأһֺõЦһЦŶ˺Ѻ͹ʮŮƭġ 

ԷһˣȻһͷ裬 

δЦһ֣һɫĽУɵĵ˶һ̲ס飬⡭ôܣ 

豦һᣬĵϣԭûʲôܵġο齣ҵģ 

ǡ֮ӣ˿Բ֪ɵĵô֪ܲЭ۳ʵ۵ۻİǰ齣ϲ֪մ˵ѪܶΪǸŮӣɫѳ¾Ҳûа취 

Ҳǿһ£ܺǸ֮ӿ׷ɱ·衣΢΢һЦȻǣĿɨȺǹһĨаȵЦ⣬˺ǲ 

չۣӰӶ賤ա 

һ˲䣬˶ΪԼεجΡ 

裬 





ڶʮ ЯֶԵнΧ

һ˰ſ躬ЦһƬѪ⣡ 

裬ɱ̸ʲô֮챱еȨһ߿ý絲סһĹƣһߴ 

ڰЦͷĿȨһ¶һȻԵ΢Ц˭˵Ҫˣ̧ͷҹĻ񷣬ɽЩòȻļһҷħֺη 

Ŀһɨڿ󷽵һʱһ㶣ȣͼɱԼȴԼɱ˵ˡЩɻһȷʵҪȵģҺ񻹼ʬ壬Ϊ鲻ݲݵˡ 

û뵽һЦûû뵽ġ˵Խżλڽ˵ĵԾֱȡںָӵˣЦȣҾ֪㲻׵ 

ʦ壡ͷɫһףҲ˲Ϻͦ˹ȥһæؽȻ࣬ÿʱûйϵ 

ʦʲôϵ˿ٽ̣ѾˣǸˣ 

ǧĵĽƮƮ˵ϣĿ࣬Ĵ³һ仰Ҹʵģʲﲻѳ飡 

һ𣬲Ϊ˵ĻΪһ̲ס˵壬վȴ쳣ġ 

齣ڿлһƯĻߣͷ࣬ÿ˵飡 

һ£ûа취ľ˵裬ʦѾһˣ㲻ܷŹ𣿡費͵͵̾˿ǰԲҲã 

費ٷϻѾ˱ľģȴ÷һƬҶһƵƮȥ󾱴һʹǰһ˹ȥӰĸ磬Ҳɱ㣡ʶһ仰˵ʲôӰ˭ 

绪ŲɽԺſڣŷ쿴˻ԡѪķ裬ţӯһ¡üЩԾɻ˰죬ŻȻ򣬷𴩵ģһ£񣬾ȻѾʺ졣 

ȣ֪Ϊʲôҵһμʱɱ迴ǰʮ״ĵˣѾƵȺš 

ҲĿŷ裬ЦС꣬㻹ǺϧѾǸˣ򵹻һϸ£ 

㶼ôһü 

ʲôһôˣüҲˣóԵҲˣʲôµġȴݵĵһеǼӣûĺӣడ 

´ȣҪɱң鷳ʱ䵽ҵȥǼûĺӣҲǻ£ 

ԥһ£һȣѾǸˣɱʲôãԼɵ̾ˣҽ첻ɱ㣬ɵ뿪ɡĸһ仰ת뿪ֻˣ꣬ŵļɻ䣬ĵ˿жô 

޷תȥȰĨһѶǵ亹ȴһĨЦһ̧֣һֱĺ󱳣绪һԿɾСģ 

Ȼ绪仰Ҳɱȴ޿ɱܣֻҧšû뵽ȴӹһ磬Ȼ 

صУˣȻǲ⣬ǲΪİ᲻ССļϪȻ粢ϯضеٷɫĹâȵľϣһ˿Ѫϸߣߣ 

ǽϵһ˵ǧǰһɱֵĴ˵ֻ˭Ҳ뵽˵һĺߣȻɽֽ 

Ĩһ亹ͷ磬лˣ 

лʲôɽϣǲֵôһ仰÷ͷһѣط꣬ıһû뵽̾ϢΪԶŵУȻм 

ЦЦûд𻰣һɨһˣλҪɽ𣿡ѾսսˣҲʶλһ仰Ȱλ̰ģкýġ˵һµٷȻһ̲ܵסֶŵ 

ǡȺ˵ö֮ȼѵĿڣĺһЦ˵ôɽԺʲôֻϧǽȥ 

ȵĲϳһѪߣһ仰˵ѩӰնͷЦŶߵˣǾˣЦãһЦһ˫˶֪˭˵һ䣬Ļɱǵģܰɣ 

Ⱥ仰һɢֻʣ¼޼Ҫӵĳš 

ѩĴгһԶ䵶˫һУԤӹգһת۾ͻصԭأһ˲Ѫ£˵ˣߵˣǾˣ˵عͷԭվļͻȻþһʹԼͬ۾ȴֱûŪô£ 

ѩһЦħң 

һЦϪվᣬϪǺǣû뵽ʱǧ꣬Ȼܿ١Ϫ֣ǰɫڰʧϪһ㶣ȵĵɴ۾Լ֣١أ 

ǺǵЦ٣һüָָϪĿڣֵ˵ԼĿڣǰ٣ҲҺ 

ѩͷһͷܲ˵ɤӣţĿɨȺ챱ˣϪһܿˣȻźߣͷȵѽǻ 

 

ڵˣһڡүͰ˼Ҹˣˣ߰ɣһջغߣЦǺǵĿ챱˲ŵĿԼȺͻԲѵ࣬Ѹٵˡ 

һͷվſڵķ绪߰ɣȥСؼң 






ڶʮ 

绪輣סıأװףȾ´ţ͵͵̾治Сסĵط 

ǡСѩȴûпӰ 

һƬյȻոߵʱСԼȫӡھ޴ıУûа취˲뿪ģ⡭ 

ǲǡѾָ뿪ˣϪڵһ仰ڣԼһҲ֪Լô£һʼ֪Щ˵ʱƺûʲôԣ֪Ȼ侲վߣȻ侲ķ뵽ˣϪҡͷԼһǷˡ 

ôͿԻָüǬ򵥣Ҳôĳ 

ͷûǼȻ˴ûˣǲĴһҰɡ 


˶ͷȴȥ棬֪Сںδȿﵽ׷ʲô¡˵쳣侲ȴͻȻüۼķصѩоӨıҫ۵Щͻأ̲סһѣǱɳһϸ£ûбѩĺ⣬Ҳûкܿڻ 

£ǲˣͻȻ쳣ͳһ绪һ㶣ͷ֪СĶ 

δţı˺þãŻվҧ绪ˣ˭˵쳣䣬ߵ˶һϪ̧ͷɫܲֿıһæʵôˣǲС 

Сôˣ绪ɻţͻȻһƵľ˹еıһ۷绪ЩҵıܿĿ⣬ĿƮ𴦣绪ȻɽԺ֪СȥҺѩǡ 

Һһȥ绪 

˻ûãȻȥϢɡǿһЦģС費µģȻסϪС֣Ϫֱúʪ 

С裬Ҳȥ绪Ȼ 

һҧɫһ绪ȥ 

绪Բɴŭҧһһٵĵ˵Ҳȥûô 

Ȼ̧ͷӭϷ绪۾һĨľ⣬߲ɵõһĿҪʲô 

˷绪Ƭ̣͵һ̾ЩεҡҡͷǺðɣһȥС衣˵ֺİ˷绪һۣʼ磬̳ӣƬҺС赥ദĻᶼ 

绪˿쳣򶨵ﲻ˿ӣСûʲô°ɡţĵתȥȴû뵽һʹԭ˵ķ绪ûӦô£ǰһ˹ȥ㡭ѩһ㶣ޱĽס绪壬̾˿ 

ϪɽԺԸ۾ʼǰ֣ﵽʲô 

ûȻӦϪͻȻ俪ڣҲȥҪһ𡣡˵ԣڲŷ⻰˵ʵᣬһͷȥ 

̧ͷϪκС۹һĨӣãͻȻһЦ˳ĵðɣȻ͸Һˡ 

ʲô£һɻĵ˴ǰҲȷǴǰǸĺ¥ңľٶ̫֣һ䡣 

ҡҡͷԼеı̾ϢС塣˵⻰ʱѹֲסĲҲĲɴһϸ龧ӨɳһĶз紵вûͣãģɢ 

С㡭ɵˣĿɳȥȴֻһ˿⣬ģ輣ƽʱ໰ڴûзһȻǰһ 

ѩҲȷòĶȥϣЦһ£˵ڿЦǣĿʱȴ΢΢һ˫ĵʲôԼĿ⣬ȻŤͷȥٲҿκˡ 

Ϫҧ´˺ôûп޳һƽƽ㣬ô죿 

С轫ڵ˷绪ͻܵӰ죬飬룬ĻǴȥ 

˽һ㶡 

˵Спܻţѩ̧ͷɻĿ 

šͷһ޹ 

ʲôѩɻ 

пޣͷɴ۾ƺ޹˿ˣ˸£ۿ죬ֻǡе䰡˵żɪһ£ڽصʱ͸ϪѩǧУ䣬ȴȫͬ 

⼸֪ոΪʲôΪǿѹܣû뵽 

ѩҪѪĸоθһ鴤üη绪磿ǿ·绪֪Żᡭ˿һбԭ 

̫嶯ˣոԲ˵Ļοһʲô£񲻰׷Сһ⡣͵͵ĵѵͿС輴ʹԼҲԸ÷绪¡ 

Ǭ䣬û벻飬ľģ仰˵ȴصÿ˵Ŀϡ 

ͻԵͷĬƬ̣ӣͷ繫ӻԺͷѸȥ 

Ϫ̧ͷأ 

ǣһüЦЩаǵȻȥСĻ׷˵ô 

ϪĿЦĻ벻дԻ󣬵Ż벻飿 

ƺ뷨ȴֻ΢Цһ仰Ҳû˵ 






ڶʮ ɽϷ

ӯĴɽ֪Ǹ𣿡ѩʵϪȴӰж 

衣ǺһЦѩһ̧ͷŷԴӼһ·׷һȣι裬ô죬֪𣿡 

ĿһۣСһƲ㻹Ǻ𣿿ʲ 

ѩһ죬һͷ֪Ǹʲôζ˵˵ֲǹ 

ߡ費һŤͷܣѩĬһòģǰһ裬׷ʲôζ֣輣ĻǲӦкۼģǡ 

Ŀ䣬Цúܲãѩ 

ѩͷȥﾲһöͭǮһ㶣ЦǸ˵ģҾ׷ͭǮζת 

ѩЩɻ󣬡ͭǮʲôζ 

ѽһͷܿһ֦ͭǮȻͭζˡ˵ʱ۾Ц⣬ͻȻԼΪһöͭǮҪ󶴲ӵ¶ǵõʱĴ۶ΡһЦ漴һʹתͷûκ˷еıˡ 

һ·ţͻȻһϺȣιϵվס˵Ѿҵļһڽǰ֣һ㶣æһֹ̧סѩĲӣ˵һ䡰ѩϪһ֡ 

ʱ䲻󣬾һ˱Ƴ齣ڿһżҵϹ⣬ЩĿƿ 

ϸۿŷһֻСƿӣ΢΢Ź⣬Ҳ֪ű輣Ļǡ 

ĺ裿˱ܿϬһȻ 

һЦ齣ݳֱȡԷ֪ʲôˣ 

˭㲻֪˿һЦ裬벻㾹Ȼ 

һͻȻһüأһᣬĵ㲻ɽĵˡ 

Ȼ 

Ǻţƽָ˶Էݣ¥ľ¥Īʼҵƹ񣬺ţҪɱԼˡ 

Ȼû뵽׾ٵĲµ΢΢һЦ裬Ȼ򵥣ΪУҺҡ˵һִȡƤߣ¶ò忡ȴ͸а 

迴Ȼһ²̡ 

Ŷ˵ſŷƽӣɻ 

㱾ԩ޳Ϊʲôǿƣ˵žȻĽ£˵ոļ仹Ϊոôţˮһ㣬ЩĪۡ 

˵ٺãҲǲԭµıѣʹԼߵЩȫ뺫ûйϵǷȴĪį 

ԩ޳ôԵ͵͵̾˿裬书ߣͷԲͬ죬⽻˶̶̼ʱ˵۳󲿷ֵ¥һ㣬㡣Ϊˣʵ̫ٶˡ 

費Ϊ̧˻ 

ΪʲôΪѣ裬ҽװ׵ĸ㣬ϲ룬ȴȫ㡣 

һ£սеĽӰȻӺŽг֣룬һֱΪֻԼģû뵽û뵽 

һЦ쳤ִ̾ˣûң𡣡 

׵㣬裬ûиоѰ˼ȥ˽㣬˽㣬㡣ſЦҡͷ㣬ֺα㣬 

סˣͻȻԼˣ˵˴ˣȴ֪Ŀźţü΢˵ġҲס 

裬һǣʲôסĿóƿǱ輣Ļǣ㡣һ˦ֶ˹ֽ̧סķе⺮ƿԱǲɢҺţΪˡ˵ţתȥ 

ɵɱģ裬гһҺŵĵˡų̾һǸʱ򣬲Ӱ£Ҷһף 

ĬĬĿźŵӰʧƿ¶͸Ĵȫֱ ĵ׳͸ 






ڶʮ 쳾ծ۸

裬һǣʲôˡ 

ʱĻڷ߻صţԾ߹裬û°ɡ 

ĬãͻȻڣ磬롭һǡ 

һü 裬㾹ȻǡŲôͲܲȥ裬ȴҵıܿĿ⡣״һ̾ˣȥȥɣ裬Ѿӹһ٣ͲҪһݽȥ 

һ𣬿ĬĬصͷֻǡԶԶĿһۣһۡͺá 

εҡҡͷȥɣƿӸңҪʲôѴǲƽ 

ͷģܿʹʲô£Ҳ١˵ת˼ͻȻһ 

Ҳ͹ϵˡ΢΢һЦͷѩ߰ɡ 

ʲôãڷлعͷȥɢڷУʹʲôûСӹգʧڴּ䡣 

 

ôܾôˣѩĿΪǵ˽ϵˣǻȥǲŹ¥ġ 

ƿ뻳Уҡͷ費ȥ¥Ҳ鷳ģȥˣĺܺá 

һӰǰһءѩǵĿڡ 

ʲôϵЦˣӰзˣᱳڶѩ費ڣЩҲõġڣҪȥСˡɵѩļƮȻȥ 

ôѹҲԼ·ûѡȨţĬĬ롣 

 

ǣ¥ 

ԹŶҩˡŮɫݲ԰ףȴЦţһҩ֭һԼҵĺӣͨ죬Щȴػͷ˵ʲôҲϳǿɬҩ֭ 

ԣҩˣõġŮЦˮ 

ҩ࣬ԡССҡͷ 

ɲˡŮһСҪߡ 

ﲻߣСˣֵСһסŮӵȹۿžҪˡ 

߽һŮӣεЦҪˣİ 

ڵŮεҡͷӣһģ˵ţлһ˿ױıˡԼ߽ŮӶûע⵽һ˫ƯаȵķĿڿһ֮Ȼᡣ 

Լԭǿ˸ӣƯ迴ţһЦת뿪طʲôƬ̡ 

¥⡣ 

ƹɱͽʮˣǺ¥Ƿøһʮ˽ŶµˮйͨһŭĿüΪ׵һݺݵ㵸 

վشֻŭգλǴҲôǰѾˣǺ⣿ 

ۿɽɱֵܣүүһ˵򣬱ǲΪ׵һ⣬ĭɵĵ 

ٺãҲ̲סЩԼĵܵ£ˣ˵һ仰Щȴڴ˺˵˵ЦλٳԲѷҷҲˡһڣܶмɵλƹ书ɲһĸ߰ 

үӰ߳Ŀһˣûдɴ쳣ݣүͻȻգҽͷȥ 

ȥ£ӹɫһ䣬ʮˡ 

ǷҲҪ̫裬ҲΪǣ򡭡ͻȻͷſԼʺ֣ķ 

˵һ飬ҵĵܵѾˣֱһۻ˹ȥ˭ٸҶܲͲû뿪ˡɨһۣת뿪 

ۿôм٣Ȼǲˣһٽֱȡĺģ飬ȴڼȻͣסȫŵĿһѽԼʺٴһ㣬Լûڡ 

Ҫǣûִʲôʱ򶯵֣˻̧ͷһŲ԰׾գӰûѪɫĴ³һ仰Ƕүϲ̵ĽɱˣѾڻȪ·ˡ 

һ˿亹ڼϣӰŷ뿪ð죬һҲû 

һЦƮ𣺡λҲ˵ˣΪķѾˡ 

˴󾪵Ļعͷȥӭһ˫аȵ裡˴ȡ 

Ѿ߽ԺеķӰͬʱһ𣬲Ļͷȥȴȫ˵ 

ǣӵգӰΪԼΣ͵̤ǰһֱֱĿŷ裬ŲæתۼʮѾᣬǡô£ 

衭㣡˼ȴûҽӽ 

̧ͷЦȻŵˣ鷳ɽҺطѾûκιϵˡǳЦ̧ͷŷ硣 

Ҫסܵܣ۶ǲš 

Ųһ㿪ֳ̧֣ۣӰǳЦӴû𣿡 

Ӱȫ֪ô£ʻȻͷ 

ôܺãǾͺáһЦȻúܺãѾǵǸ룬ԼĺӣԼҸ⣬ԼĿ˼˽ֵ룬Цټ 

ǵӰô뿪ûеȵ˴зӦģ·ǻþ 

Ҳôһתĵ׸еһȻµŵԣǷµծһᣬһһ΢ЦϻǷˣ 





ڶʮ ͽ

绪۾ʱ򣬾ͷ΢΢ʹüһƯŴʽӳ磬ˣ 

绪Ƭ̣ŷӦǰ˭顭ϪôԺȻԼǱεģɴŭĶ 

ϪǺЦһͷ˿ͻȻ֮һ˦֣Ʒֱֽڷ绪ϣ䣬һϺȣ绪һ㶣漴ȻԼȻһܶ㡭 

ˣǳʦŶϪƤĴôҵֶΣԹԵŶСལ̺쳣ɰڷ绪ȴôҲɶ˵ķ羰ļ٣˿ˣֻüСϪûպ֣ңСôˣʮֺȴε͸Ž 

ѽż˻ûòϪæվС˵Ը㣬˵ 

ʲô˵ģȥȥ˵ҪǣҪСи̣ҪôĿңҡ绪˵ţͻȻһͿȣһѪ·ϡ 

Ϫһѽ㿴㲻ҪżˣϾͻˣСͻûˣôæ߹˱裬Сô˵ 

û£绪ʡ 

㻹Ųôº͵ſڴ绪̧ͷӭЦúϢȻΪС裬绪侲˵С費£ֻҪڣұ֤û¡˵ƽ÷绪Īİ̧ͷãص̾˿һڴϣð㣬ǣС£ҲͲ÷Ҽҩˡ 

һЦĬĬ߽ҩݸ绪ĿɨŻƷֽεĿһϪ 

ϪһͷԼð 

ʵһҡͷҲҡ˿ŻƷֽЦǸɣҲиá 

ˣʲôҵģϪɴ۾ֽ绪û٣δˣⶫŻЧô 

εĿɣĪĻһǧ֪꣬˵ء 

ͣһվĻ̿һЦͬһЦĻƤİ˸ 

ϪЦ»ƷֽСĵĴڻٿ绪ɢ˼һ̱ڴϣŴʮǱ 

ǡʲôֽôô绪ܣʡԼǧУôҲûеСѾͷСס 

ǧҼҴıϪҫĵָ䣬Ͽ죬¿أһССķʲôָ䣬þžŰʮһŸ䣬סʱ䣬֮õһ仰˵꣬ڳÿ˵ɫһ䣬ɫǲ԰׵ˡ 

ǶôˣϪһӲŵõһ 

Ϫңⶫôģ봹ͷʵͣǿҵѹһֲ 

Ϫһ㶣СԴһͣһŵҪþʮֵֻھѪУǧĺڵСС 

ôֻ࣬һŸ䣬𣿡绪һ£ԭǴ˵еĳ 

Ҳǵ̾ϢЩʣͻȻһ̧ϪĿ纮 

Ϫͻı俴Ļڣ̧ͷ㡭 

ϳʦ𣿡ͻȻһɽΪ˳Ķ𣿡ٱһĿڣǡΪŽӽ˵ģ𣿡 

ҡϪ㵵̧ͷ˵ʲôԼͺ˵Լǳʦ𣿲͸߹ԼϪΪˡŽӽΪʲôΪʲôô룿㡭 

ѹְ˵ͻȻԳĿһЦһ˫ɲǱϬѹɽѹᴳɽԺѹסôãǱôû뵽Ϫ㿴Ƶû뵽ȻôĻ 

ûУϪͻȻ⣬˵ҡ 

ˣһŭȣϪͻȻаһЦûУҽҴ㣬ʲôһϪӣȵˮճڱģָϣʱʲôÿ޵ģÿ޵ңһĵ 

ôܡ 

̫ˣϪ绪ͻȻ俪ڣЩԾü 

޹ذɣͻȻͷȻһЦɨһϪ㻹ʲôϪȥˣֻҪһ죬ɽϵ飬׸ɽԺؼҲκУ 

Ϫҧ´ŬԼ޳ֱţǰˣǸҪڻһе㡭 

һüߣ 

˭ϡﰡϪһţ˳ȥվԭأĬĬؿıӰԡ 





ڶʮ ԡѪأϣ

绪ȻϪܳȥֻͷϦµıӰãͻȻ͵͵̾˿ô 

̫ˣϪûСţȴᳶ˳졣 

ȥοһ£绪ҡͷ̾ 

ȴûжһعһЦˣ׷ȥˡǣЦ̫࣬ɽԺ̫ನۣϪһŮ̫Σˡ 

ˣѹġ绪ҡҡͷ 

ҲĿǰǿߡұϪһ绪ǰһϹİڷ绪ؿڣ߰ɣȥС衣 

绪һС衭 

СڵѩԪɵڣԭԼĻǣҲܹס壬Ǹոճ˵⣬Բš˵һ룬绪ձɫĿæѾСĻǶˡŷ绪ɫһ˿ֻСûлǣѻ٣ǱΪ塣 

绪һ亹ǡʲôܰ 

Ц˵ʲôԵģѣʲôģɽԺЩͨĶǣֻһ۷绪ԽԽڵɫС⣬ѩɱ壬Ҳֻǧ꺮̳ 

Ŷ绪ĳһԺһ𼸺Լߴı飬͸ 

ϡһµӱ洫һ㶣һŷѩŴӱð˳һСòҰף˫ֻڱϣһ£ˡѩŲ 

ǺһЦһڱһ£ְɡɵѩǿ鱾Ĳȵı龹Ȼסˡ 

绪ȸղŻڣָ˶ı鿴á 

ԡصĵͷ֪óһѿ̵Ҫȿ̳С壬Ȼעǣȡڵڡ˵ƾҪ֡ 

ȡȵȣ绪һץסɻʵҪ̳Сģ 

ǡ 

ѵ 

û 

񣿡 

𣿡 

ţȿȡ绪һ͸ðźı飬ֿ˿ԥһͻȻڣǸ㡭̳С·ô˰ټſôһ䡣 

һʱûзӦһ漴Ц 

ѩһƽʱǺܰˣЦôˣ 

绪һͨ죬εĵι 

ɿĿ˼ֻСһۣ۶Ц⣬ſڷ绪ߵ·ôȻǺ󴩵ġ 

ǻɣ绪ɫһһѴ̵Ľ䱸ɲ˱輣˵ϲʵȻѾˣǡȫ 

һЦ˳˷绪һõɣðʦĻҲȽ񡣡 

ţԵĶԵġ绪Ƶĵ˵ͷһֱǧ꺮Ƕ˵ĺһ̵ܵͥԺȥˣѩԺУͻȻԼܾûе٣ҪһǣѾˣԼе٣ֻϪڲŻóϪԲ 



ڶʮ ԡѪأ£

̵ĻӨ͸ǧ꺮С裬бŻΪ˱䡣绪ɫ½ᣬκôãΪҪΪҸġ 

ģƸһ̺ۣһ̣ûκˣֻǧһ顣 

ѩѿһŹֵķ绪ŶȻͷιҹˣһûԣҪ𣿡 

ѩһֱϲûûµĺ֣˵⣬һŵĻȴĵһۣ̺Ĵ³һ仰ûء 

ιʲô˼ѩһҭںͷȻɴ۾ŭӻһЦжŵĲˮݵѩߣѩææһȥŭӻ 

ȻûءεҡҡͷЦѩһ嶼ɣʲôɣʲôʣ¡˵һ۵ϵƤֻ꣬ȻѼϵѶԹˣһŶûԼ뵽Ͳˬ 

ֲҳԵġѩԼҭˣһĲ豭ϵֻһҳԵġ 

˵úһԼġСһལһѣһţѼͻȻ̽һԴЩε˵һ䣺һ룬ҳԵġ 

̧ͷȻǻཡԭ毺õɫһ˲òҰףһͷǺһЦŲæĵ˱ٴε˹ȥֻýӹȥˡȻŭӻ߲˼ͷʵӡ 

ѩѾЦñŶӹһȥˣ룬ĲЩ˼ƽϣĵһۣѣ˿нʣһѣЩϧҡͷôѣȻԣһֻһģǳԵĶġţҵѡ 

ǲǶסЦ⣬ѩĶԼŹ 

绪һҽУûͷ֪Ǽһ׼ŪСһָͷȻعͷȥ绪һɥεҡͷ輣类绪öΧã߹ȥһֻС֣һϹһֻѾ֣绪һԾȵĵɴ۾㡭 

̵ĺ񡣡ű輣գǡ飬֣ɫĹ˱ȫ壬ıϾȻ͸һ˿ĸоֹƬ̣輣彥绪һֿĽס壬Ȼɱǣȴ⡭ 

㱧С裬ȥ˯죬㲻뿪벽عͷЦ 

ұţ绪һ㶣Ϯ̲סһ£Ϊ輣εĲϣǧ꺮ǧУͶˡҡ 

ȻұҲСعͷаȵĹǣȻŷ绪ձɫŲմصıű輣ȥݸ˵Цģ輣Ԫڷ绪ڣ⼸˱Ƿ绪绪Ͱ治˵ 

ɽԺţͻȻһƿһ㶣عͷȥ¿Ƭ̣űϳӰ裡üŷǱվʪ͸ɽԺ棬ô 

ɨһȦֱأѩѧèһԼΨһһĶ㿪ˣ迴ûֱǰסҪʲô 

迴߰ʾû£ḧʪ͸˵ĳº͵Ŀڣ裬ôˣ 

̧ƯķĿʹ촽ò԰ףѪɫϳ˼į;ʲôûУῪڣʣһС 

Ƭ̱֪ʲô£ֱײĵѣԺӡ۵һ豧ڻο˯һɣˣһоͶˡое彥ɣصУҲˡ 

ذ׻һѪڷϣǣһ裬裬ԡѪӽ쿪ʼȫµġ 

СС裡 




ʮ ֪

ǧµѪ壬 

ĬĬϣִֵϣɫЩ԰ף㲻Ҫɡѩһ԰һ԰׵һԵĻһǺ֣ԡѪͣҲǿһ췴εô 

۾û˵ʲôʵҲ˵ʲôˣͷһѣΣȻأ绪һδı輣۵ǡ 

ѩȥĿѩһۡ 

ѩһ㶣ң 

ͷ㡭ԭҲ˵ǡǰԵǻˡ 

˵Һͻǡǰˣѩһ˫ĺ۵ɵرŵĿŻڴһⲻܣ 

𡭡ϻȥ¡ĸǡƣһæסӣϢɡȻҲԼûֻ׺ʲôǣڵƺ˵ġ 

ѩûа취ֻ˼ͻֱ󻮿Ѫڱ輣ǰĵϣѪߣȴĪĻһѽѷ֣ѩüŵ̧ͷһۻȴʲôû˵Ҳǵģûʲôʾ 

㡭 

ܡ̧ͷһۣѩ붼룬ӽһ̫˲Ż˵ġסֹѪת뿪 

ҡѩһ㶣û뵽ܾôɴ࣬ЩУţһ 

С裬ˣ绪ԵĲ˲ԼͬĻعͷȥ绪еı輣˫ۣãɨˣ绪ǵǣУŵЦ⣬ҹȥ 

һ㶣վŶѾҪʲôСķ˼ߣ绪ÿ 

绪һ㶣ͷڱ輣ԣ̧һֻ֣Ȼѩ 

ѩͻȻԼڻңȴ˵ԭ򣬡ʲô£ 

ţҹ֮ڣκ˲̤벽˵ţ֣Ȼһϣ绪棬ʲô绪ü 

ѩס죡͵͵Ĵκˣڣܷʲô£ 

ѩ˸£ǵ͸ģȫ̧ܿ밴ڱ輣ıϣעľȻȴǴδйġѩŽеãͻȻЦˣعͷ̧֣סǰķ绪磬Բ벻Ҫ 

绪ɻʵҪʲô 

ѩһЦ̹ȻС 

Ϊʲô绪⣬δģһȻˣô 

Ϊ˷ǵġѩ磬ɽԺƣѵʱС㣬ҪĿһ۷绪˵ۿŷ绪ɫһҪ˵ʲôѩûڣȣľС㡣 

绪һ⡭û뵽ԼȻĵزĬһѩ֪ 

֪֪ˡѩͷһǸˣ£ۣǺڵһĸоһɲǣǸʱƵŵԼ˼ҡ 

ִԼ֣Զʹӡ 

ѩ֪ô㣬͡ 

ڽǰ£һ⣬˵ѩǴ޵ʱ֪֪˵ģǷ绪Ǳ輣Լÿһˣǧļį 

Ϊʲôֹߴ绪ʣѩͻȻЦЦôֹֹ˭תͷŷ绪Ǳˣ˵ʲôѵǲС㣬ҲŲ˶ʱգܣͳͳɽԺеģǼٽ֮գģǾܣƽ 

ѩ˵ţͷ˵ûɺһ֣һ£ƬҲǿ㣬ԡһκһ˴̧ͷǳЦȴᡣ 

졭 




ʮһ ɽƽѩ

绪Լǧ֪꣬ԭʱѹͱ輣Լֻһ֮ңȴû취ӽɽԺտʼѩѩϥĽ⣬һ 

ʱֹСǲֹ绪ҧҧûԥ 

ѩ˫ͻȻ俪ˣ磬Ȱͼֹˣһǧеˣ֪㣬ҡ 

绪ҡͷ̾Ϣ˵򲻹ѩûˣѩѾٵ֣ԼҲδĶֹ֣Ҳʵа 

ͻûж˵ʲôֻͥԺû뿪 

Ҫ𣿡 

ҪңҲ֪ 

ô죿ǻصȥ𣿡 

Ҳ֪ 

Ǻ߽ȥʲôط 

Ҳ֪ 

ӵǲǺ߽㰮Ǹ˰߽ΪʲôҪߣ 

Ҳ֪ 

֪ʲô 

Ҳ֪ 

绪һòѪʵܲˣתֱķ䣬죬ǵ죬Ҳ˰ɡſһӰŽŴ˳ﻹͷһãȻ 

绪һ㶣æ߹ȥŵķһѱС 

һãȻ̧ͷŷ绪Сѯһ䣬磿 

Ҳ硣绪εҡͷصڣӾ֪һУָʱǷݵģε̾˿㵽øɾְ贩һ˿ۣչСЬ࣬Ȼûô£ŷ绪ôã㲻Ҹ磿 

Ҳǡ绪񶨵Ļһʻȥˣ˷һ˫޹峺Ĵ۾ˮˮĵĿԼĽë΢΢촽΢绪úһ˺˼Ҫ֣ 

ǺǺǡЦ˲һִĿ⣬Ȼŷ绪۹ָƽʱӣĺ 

ǡ绪ͷ 

ҽ 

ǡ绪Ϊһ裬㡭 

Һ˺ܶණԴһƬհסЦʣ绪ɫһ䣬ںһЦʵʲô֣ 

绪һЦͻȻҽз绪ԭ 

Ҫ˵ԭҲ´ȻҪǵĶ֤̫ʹࡣ 

ɿڷ绪У绪ЦˣǰˣȫһµˣΪ˰Ϊհǰ˺һͨģЦֵꡣ 

ɽ绪ͻȻڣǷ֮أ޹ء 

û˵ʲôЦ磬ȥ 

㵽ɽ£ҸطһܣɽϷʲô£ҪУ֮ڣ׼뿪ɽ绪ʦԭ׸ԭֻ˵ѹ֮ڲ뿪ɽԪͱ屻ҷӡСıУԶֻ¡ 

أ̧ͷ绪ʾԵĿһͥԺеˡ 

ǻ鴦ˣ˵ȥء绪ЦЦˣһ뿪Яġ 

죬û˵ʲô˼·ŷ绪뿪Ժеʶȴûж࿴һۣ˵һжǹȥԸǡΨ·ߵʱعͷһ̣ƺһʱ 

ĻعͷȥȴһĨȻϹ⡣ 

ѩѩˣһһƿɽԺţѩһɽСزСҶôѩԾĻ˵һ룬ɫȻһ䣬ôģ 

ѩɽԺѾȫܿˣЩɵϵزδ˵걻ֱסһߵĽ䣬һ˵ĶͷԺУѩ󾪣һֻ̧˽⣬ʲôˣ 

ɻڤġ衢ЦࡢơȻɽԺ 

绪ɫһ˲԰ףɣ˴ϣ 

ѩɫҲÿվſڣλˣкιɣ 

𣡡ɽԺ⣬һа˺滺߳һˣ˸ͽƶˣҪ蹫ӣ 

ѩĵһعͷȥɫȻƽ飬֪ûа취ǡҡҡͷ 

֪蹫ӶȻǣǣˣһģˣ 

һ亹˳ŷ绪Ķ£ѩԷѹǰüͷһŭЦ벻ɣȻ˱ֶвɽС˵Ϫ磬ôôȻôôʡ 

ѩ˾̫ԶԱ١ 

ƺҲ˼ϪһѣϪеѩǿߣҪҡ 

һҽУѩÿҲ֪ɵϵɰҧ۸һŮӣʲô£ 

蹫ӳ˵ȻΪǵѡ˵̤ǰһ 

Ұʱѩص 

Ŷëѩѩҹ֪ʲôʱյĻ»Ҫʱģϡ 




ʮ Ϫ

󱿵˿ŵϪݺݵΪʲô涼¶󱿵ǲ۾ûң󱿵ǲǣʲô£Թ޵񽥽һֵǣңңɽԺĴڣһƣǴµϣѩǸС濴ܽԼһ˿ɡ 

ЩɶСţӣȻûһǰġϪмĻͷһֿ˿ɽԺԼ̫ˣȻᱻЩץס˵Ǹɶ䣬Լ˵ЩĪĻ뵽عͷݺݵһۣһͷܿĿ⡣ 

գϪ뿪󡭡 

ϪЩӺ׷ϪĹĵһ仰Ҳû˵Ȼ˵ңݺݵһŲƤһš 

Ϫȱ˾ţ֮׷ϪȰο 

ôңɱǧϪܣĶ̽һһɣ˺ۣ¾İһɽǸ˲Сͷϡ 

һϪйˣһϣȴһ˵ϣôܡҡ˵仰ѾܿƵĵ 

䲻ĿģæǰȰȱޣ룬蹫һĿԣ˵һ˻ȥȷʵ֣ʵҲΪѡ 

Ϊ˵ûң 

ôᣬô㣬˭óᡣ̾˿Ҳ˵ΪʲôôΪƷֽڰɡд£Ҳúúõô侲һˣôͻȻ䲻أ 

ңӵĲŲңӵǺߣںߵǰ٣ϪȻ󺰣ҲǺߣĺߡҲ䡭һ仰û˵ֻǵͷͷޡ 

ǰ£ߣǸһŮӣԼǧ򱶣˵ṦǧǰվΨһģˡ 

϶Ǻ߽תŻôãʵôͺ߽ȣ߽ߵǰΪʲôҲ֪ǣǰٽкߣǺ߽ͩΪ٣١ 

ЩûԼӲûаһжô᲻ǵҺֻ˺߽Ļ飬һЩ˷绪ᵽת飬ϳɺ߽תˡ 

㿴Űɣ߽ģŲӡ 

ҲǺߡϪţҡͷЩںߵģԼֻ̰ǽһ٣ƭȡİˡ 

俴޵ϡﻩСŮ۵ҡͷЩӣ̫£Ҳã绪ҲգУΪʲôҪʹࡣ 

ϪϪҪˣˣɽɡ˺þãϪ䣬ſ޵۾ͨϪ뿪ɽϪϡͿĸߣҲ֪˶ãǰͻȻһϪһ㶣̧ͷ磬ôˣ 

ɫ԰ףһ˫۾ɵıţۻ󣬽ǰïܵɽ֣һ 

Ϫһţɽﲢѵǡ磬ôˣ׳ŵһ䡣 

ɫõĻعͷһϪεļһȿ޶ѿЦݣϪҡ·ˣǸո߹ 

˵ʲôϪһҲ˿ˣҿɫһƬɭԶߵצһţ˵Ŀֲ̲סǡɽԺȥɡ 

ǵն״ԪɫףҡҡͷҲȥ· 

Ϫ˸޴ޱȵİ۶ҿ˿ëȻĻͷȥ䣬Ȼλ½ͣز磬ô 

䡪һµż´֣ŵϪãǣ뿪ɡ 

ȻųϪҡͷն״ԪأҪһʲô£ȻӣȻ 

Һú°Ϫż̧ͷ죬˺ôסᣬһŤͷ뿪ɡ 

ǺǣߣûôףﴫһЦ 

ŵһӴܵϪȥˣϪٴֳ̽ʲôˣ 

ɳϣȻһŵɫ۵˳Ϫһ㶣˵ʲôϣôᡣ 

ɽԺ蹫ӵѰɣ鷳ȥȻһЦ벻ǻԼ˵һƣ· 

룡Ϫһ˵¹ɫһ䣬̧־һ 

ʵϪֻͣƽһǧһ˭ҲˣʵϪ书Ҳֻɳǰȫò֡ 

ʵϪṦܺãԼһˣҪҲ⡣ֻ 

Ǹڵҽе䣬ߡ 

ǾôץˣϪҪֱ죬ĿҲɱ˵Ļǧٿˡ 

ʱܿ͵ˣϪһͻȻ뵽ѩǲ֪ȺţӿԼ̲סþȫһѩǷģȺţӻǣһСģ 

ѩͥԺɫһϲ໥һۣϪһҽУüͷˡ



ʮ Ц

Ϫٲϰֿɲˡɵİ˴֮һڤЦջذףովذףᴩϪۡ 

ιס֣Ҫ֣۸Ůʲô£ŭ 

ڤĻعͷ۾ɨ䣬һ£˫۾˵۾ĵ׷Ҫû㣡ڤ˵ţذѸٵĵ˳ȥһɫӰƮ׾ٵĵڤĵĹƣȻʲô 

ģץϪȻЦſڤģ۾ҡҡͷŶСģץģҪɱˣԼץȥ 

̵ģǵ㰡䲻ﰵ 

ú֣ڤһŤͷһȥˣȻЦǺǵĻͷɫ԰׵ϪƺǺܲһ̧֣ǵɼǵ˿ھȻˣϪһ㶣ɴ۾ȻȴǺһЦ߿ˡ 

ʱ쵽ˡȻԶϪͻȻһ͵͵̾ĿȻıӰһ˫۾ǲ⡣ 

ѩԺмˣĬúڴݼžɽԺúܣЩ˽زߡ 

ô죿绪ʵ 

ѩһЦ촽ҴӦ죬ʧԼ 

Ҳ¡绪СδҲߣͻز뿪 

ǣѩЦĿûȿڻ˵ˣǲߣӵˣӲ˭Ҳߡ 

ѩεĻͷһ۽е֪֪淢ʲôأ֪Ϫ֣Ҳס˰ɡǺã˭ߣزߣ¶ûйϵزΪǳǹ˲㡣 

ǺһЦ˿ѩЦǽѩɣһֻ˼вٵС꣬ûʸҡ˿м䲢һƬհףǵģԼʮ 

СѩмƲƲ죬ҪǷ̽Ϊת޵ϣζǣϻز߰ɣɽԺô˲ȫġ 

һţ˭Ҳûע⵽Ե۾ǵɫĹڽʧջ֣輣һϣС裬ðɡ輣۾ʱ򿴵ľһŲ԰׵Цԡ 

/С裡ѩͷ绪ͬʱعͷ 

û°ɡѩ˹һץ̽Ϣźۼĳ֣ҵ֪㼸ʱѧҽ 

ӡͻͬʱһͷ 

΢Цתͷ裬ˡ 

磡ѿڶ˿ûвԼոջʲôǵãĿⴥЦʱȻľͽ˳ 

ɽȥһ˼ס£֮ڣҪ뿪ɽ绪Сûˣֻӻ뿪һ۱輣ЦЦתͷŻȥ취ҺߵĻл˵ 

ȻͷѩЦ㡭ңȥϪɺã 

Ҳȥ绪̲ס輣һ仰û˵˿ĬĬԿˣͻȻǸȵȵȣʣ˭ô 

ԭƽ۾ȻŴعͷȵĿű輣ôᡭ 



ʮ Ц

绪Ҳ𾪣ŵĿű輣˶õĳĬ輣󿴿ҿ˶˵ü˵ʲô𣿡ͼվֻǲ֪ΪǱԭһٴˤ绪ۼֿĽס֣뻳ϧĵ㾹Ȼٴˡ 

輣ûаȫĻܡůʲô̧ͷʡ 

绪ͷˮ峺˫ЦҡͷûʲôС裬ǶٴζûйϵΪҼǵá 

ǵʲô輣ʡ 

ǵ㰮ңǵҰ㣬ǵ÷ͱѩ롣绪ıס輣˵Ǿԣһǧǰ˵һǧûиı䡣 

輣һƬհףȴ𵭵ɬǾǶԼ˵ôˣ˭Ϊʲô仰ѹ 

΢Цűͷȥ˿ѩˡ 

ǣѩӦһһ̵ľ쳣ƽ 

Ϫڵϣ˫ɱţСݺݵԹһǣͷϣǣͷϣǣͷϣĿǡ 

ˣ갡һº͵Ц⴫УϤϪһ㶣㵵ĲͷѰңȴԱߵ˲ûжǡܣ 

ϪҶԹԴţҸ㽲һ¡ɴ 

˭Ҫ㽲°Ϫɴ۾뵽۽ĴѰңʲôطأ 

ǺЦң㿴 

úã˵֪Լ뷨֪Ϫε̾˿һԵȻһͬͬǣǰһЦ⣬ɻ 

ʲôʲôÿġϪ˸ۣȻЦëëģһﲻ֪ʲôɣЦʲôЦ 

Ϫרһҽ¡ȻǰһɵŮһ꣬һ죬꣬ҺõһںȾ˭ 

湻޴⡣Ϫٴ˸һԶ۰ףⲻʵģɵϡ 

ǺǣͲ֪ĴôЦ 

֪Ĵ𰸣Һͺһںˣ˭Ϫգ 

ٴЦˣЦ쳣öϪЦһ͵͵̾ϢͷһǰҾ㣬ǣҾ 

ΪʲôϪɴ۾˰ɣ⡭Ŵ۾˰죬ûס 

ȻһͻȻЦƵᣬ̾Ϣһ蹫ӣĴʲô 

ϪʧɫȻˡһԵһ˾һ㶣׷׻ͷǲ죬ѰӰ 

һϹڰ֣ĳǰٷµѩ 

Ĵ𰸡ĴǣҾҵѣȻ󣬺һ 

ϪסˣûпȻȻЦݺ𾪣ֻĻϱӣ㣬ⱲӣȺߣ˺ߣ㣬 



ʮ ѱ

ѩ˵ǰ˶סˣΨϪĳǣȻһЦ 

ö˵һοתͷȻ˶ӣȻǺһЦ벻磬ȻҲ顣ǧļį߹ģƺŴ򶷣ֻЦǺǵʡ 

Ȼ㻹ʲô㶯ɱ׽һǳ⣬Ϊ˴֮ףȻȨˣȻȻȴֻǺǺЦţ㣬ԼѾӣΪʲôҪϪ˵ģ⣬Ϫͷһӣʲô˼ɵҲЩɻ󣬲ͷȻֿ 

ֻһЦݵĵλƺһˣȵãֵܡ 

ǺǣӱⰡҸոʵĻأȻ 

Ȼϣع涨ҲҵѺϪüʡ 

ûйأйأЩ࣬ҲδءȻһЦѩһ̲סŭȻĹأֲָֻš 

ѩסڣЦֹֿȻȻˣαضһʣ 

ȻҡҡͷʵĲǹأǣ³ɽԺƣѻ٣ԼвܱΪλҪֳ˼ˣʱɽԺѰң˵ڶ伮ѰһסԼ㡭 

ʹǰΪ輣壬ʩҪķѶľȻˣֲ½Ϊ绪ͱ輣ֵ٣㵽ʲô 

Щôֱеģɫ΢΢һ䣬漴һȻЦݣúҿɲô룬С裬䣬ǲѡϪ 

ΪԲҪȻü 

ЦŨĿɨϪգ͵̾Ϣ˵ˣһ˻һǧ꣬ʵԼǻŻ˶Ϊǣϧ 

õĽǴʱ䲻￴žǱ˴˶ãһ仰ȻͻȻ̲סЦ 

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˺ϪȲһͬͷĿֻѩһЦǺǵеĽ 

Ȼʦ֣ЦʲôСĳʵ 

ЦܲЦȻƺᶼˣСҲжʮˣ˵ʲô˱ǣ 

һ㶣ɵʦ֣Щ֮֮ɡЩЩȻΪʲôЩǴСѧģ˵ǵĵλѾλгϣСһĵҲģʦ֣㡭 

죬ҲˡȻͻȻתͷȥһλɵĵˣȻһȻѾǳϣ俴󡣡ʵôԣֻϧЩɽûɽϼˡȻ 

ǡ治ɫĵͷô죿 

ȻһͷˣλܷܲЩˣҲãҲգӴɡ 

˵ϵһе󴫳ĿһۣȻȴɫһ䣬΢΢׵ţ 

ζĿ˿ˣȫѶԷϪգգۣϪһ㶣ͻȻԼԶˣɾȵ̧ͷ㻹ʲô۾գû˵ҲûϪȴˣ˵עǸϵʱŵĴܵߡ 

俴˲ɴһ㡭˵ʲôһ׹һعѩڵķЦҵĴ״Ԫ湻ġ 

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˵Сûмע⵽ȻͰͬʱѡһˣˣҪ˵ȴȿˣȻ죬ѵҪʦ𣿡 

ӲҡȻҲҡҡͷ첻ҡ 

Ǻ⣿Ŵŭ 

ֻʵʵ˵쿴Ȼͷӣ̲סش𣬡ȻղҪ˵ĻҪ˵ģţʵӣٹһ꣬һǧ꣬Ҳûʲô˼˳ѵͻˣΣǧ꣬һɡ 

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û֪Դ˾ǵӿЩν飬飬飬һ˫۾СȻ 

˵ˣΪĻסˣȻ㡭 

ţλʦ֣λΪЩֻһ˽˶ȡɽԺؼӲĻȹȻһذɡ 

ң˵һ֣һѱɫĽ֡ 

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ʮ ˲ǧŢ

ȻͰᷴ˶һѩЦĸȻڧôɡ 

ЦҡͷѩʱɽԺȫЩָ˵ 

ѩһ㶣ɻ̧ͷƷƺб꣬ѩƣֻһ̧ͷɫȫˣָ̧գĿİͰ͵Ŀڣǡǡƣ 

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ѩģεƱԼǴΣ£ҡ 

Ҫ£㡣ǺһЦĿ⿴Զһ˿ȻǷ绪С衣 

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˵ɣվڲԶʿȴȫɵˣʱ˵ֽţǡŲǳλã 

Ȼ㵵Ļͷ㡭 

ǺһЦǣƺЩͷʹϪ뵯١ 

ϪԵͷһֻСַڰգЦֻ֣ڰнӴһϹ⣬˴˷ּֿ䣬ǰ١ 

˵٣к١ϪƯϹ̧ͷ 

ЦҡͷһδóʱΪǺ٣ǣǡָңѩЦ۾ϲҵ٣𣿡⻰ѩϪǣſеһޡ 

ѩϪͬʱͷǳЦɽԺſϪ£ˣһ٣Ʈѩ٣ϪϪЦָָԼؿڣָָϪУУϬֻ˵˰ʫЦתͷȥ 

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ʮ ˲ǧŢ

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绪ӵסЦˣЦУᡣ 

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ɽˮѣ绪ûԼôô 

ɽԺſڵ۾ָϽͣһվȴĿɿڴˣֻأߵѩǰ԰׵ճһ˿Ц⣬ſڣȴһ仰Ҳû˵ 

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ѩһۿһۣڵͷ׿һ۶ŵˣȻ֣ضã 

ȻǺһЦЩ࡭ʱ 

ѩͷʱʲô 

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绪ͷű輣߹½磬ҺС衭 

ܰЩҲֵˡѩ͵ͳ̾磬ˣĿڷ绪ĺϣһĨʺ졣 

Сˡ绪ҡͷͷ 

ǧ͵ʱֻ¡ûжˡѩͷĿһ˿ʲô˵ȡ 

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Ϫ̧ͷգһ˫Ĵ۾ѩ˵һģ 

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ǡߣϪסˣ𾪵ĿǰŮӣϢ˵輣ػڣô߾һָол͸һӢϪֹһεĿõ๴պߵӰȴ֣ǸԭΪŻ磬űͬʵûнߵʮ֮һ 

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Ϫһ죬ҡ 

ҽĪߡһתͷͷ˿ķ䣬ȥһĨӣڸıô 

ĪߡϪվԭأһˮ˳߻䣬ˣĻˡһܸɴˣңһվߵˡ 

㣬Իȥףޡͷһۣʼ硣 

ȥϪЦôʹѹҲģǧУԼԲģԭʹԸϣҵΪԼǺתôһ飬һԵԳ˼أ롣 

ȴѾվԼǰˡ 

ԼʲôϪվԺУͻȻ뵽ʲôˣ飬ɽԺ飬˵оİ취˭ģҪҪšͻȻתܣ˶⣬ֻ俴ˣĬĬĸ 

 

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ΪʲôҪƴ뿪ɽԺ˿š 

һǧ꣡ 

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ĬĬĿţ۹תס֡ 

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ͷֿȺǡϪأ 

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ĿתصϣֿɬЦߣ㡭 

ѵûʲôĻ˵֪֪ΪˡЩŭ⣬ȴƽĴĻΪһ棡 

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Цţȴĳ鿪֣Ҷ֪ġ 

ӣ̫ˣ߽Īɽɣ˵̾͹ˣΪ͵컻ôҲ˵ʵ̲סˣڵ 

ͻȻЦЦᣬȻɣǧ֮ǰΪˣʵɵ·Ϊ͵컻Ҹм㣬ǣߣ˽ңµʲô 

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ɽϣԼһͬ٣ǰ٣кߡ 

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һǧ꣬ԼûɽԺ޹ѰɽԺĽȴֻʱĻԣԵĻޱߵļį꣬ˣǺƽЩ߶ˣֻǡûֻ߳߳һ֣һ˿ϣ 

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ȥϪһۺߣЩίתͷһֱһֱݵĺ߽㣬ȻȻᣬ˲̣Сһལתˡ 

㡭ҪֹȴûסֻñǸĿźߣ߽㣬Բǡ 

ҡҡͷ˵ˣҶס˿绪ͱ輣Ǹ΢Ц֪һҲһңȷԲ䲻 

绪û˵ʲôֻı˱輣а㺦¡ 

ЦЦǧ飬绪輣ҲʵĽ 

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ǡҲӵСߵͷһɽԺޱ޼ʵĲ󣬡һǧ꣬飬ȫˡ 

绪䲻ű߼ʵĻɵÿһۣҡͷطԭɽ磬뷲 

⵽ʲôط绪һЩ 

һЦ֪ɽ繫ϵĲˮ󡣡 

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绪ٴοЩסˡ 

վţû˵ôĬĬվţֱɫȫֵѩ׾һжô 

ͻȻһžϲĽкԺҵˣҵˣ 

һ㶣绪˳ȥȻϪϪ㡭 

ҵˣϪͷ󺹵ܳ߬һ飬оȣܾ 

Ҳסˣ⡭ôܣ 

Ϫĵİóָеһ绪ϸת͵컻ա 

ʩĸԸԼתڽ֮Իˡ 

ҿʮꡣϪֵ̧ͷĴ۾ 

ĿĲ˺ӣ˵ʲôתޣû뵽 

ϪҪǺ绪Ȼڣתޣ֮ûʩ߿ܻʹҲ׶ģ 

Ϫͷעа㿴㿴Ŵ۾ָ绪 

㡭ѵͲ£绪Ŀ 

Ϫһ㶣عͷ룬¡̧ͷ˷绪һۣЦˣҲںԺ󣬻к߽ţҲõģǶͲįʲô¡ 

ԣסˡ 

ˣ㣬ҡ߳ĬƬ̣ 

Ϫ̧ͷգգ۾߽˵ʲôϲ㣬ġģ˿ְ˵ֵͷЩʧĿڣϧֻʮ̫꣬á 

ʩһһǳǳЦˣһŮӣȷʵϲҲѹ֣Ϫãҡ 

ôУҲܡϪ԰õ󣬡߽㣬һģһ壬Ǻ׽ʦҲǺġ 

Ҳ˵ҡ΢Ц 

СϪҡͷ֪ͻȻһգŵĻعͷȥѩѩʲôʱ򡭡 

ĻңҪ㣿ѩһۺߣĿڣҪھõʱ˵ߣ˹ȥ 

ǳЦͷѩлл㡣ֽӹ飬ͷֹһէ֣߱۾ 

ӰζۣŽûȥѩ㡭ΪʲôҪֹң 

ѩҡͷϣˣǧУʱݿ࣬Ͱ׷ˡ 

ҡ߻ʲôѩһ֣ˣϪǵ㷨ܶôôҪ֣Ҳֲط飬ǳǳЦһš 

ѵ㡭ȵĵ 

ѩͷǰҲںǰҸţԽ죬Ұʱ䶼Ҳǧʱ⡣ 

ʱѩһ£ƮתһƬã 




ּ

ڣҲϣ΢һ㣬һϲĺˣ 

ģ 

һ˫˫顭Ϫ 

Ϫɾתϲţһεᣬڣˣ㡭 

ĿſԼϵϪЩĪĿԼ֣ҡ 

оôӰζЦգǣڷ硣 

ߣҲڡͷ˷绪ͱ輣ǡһû 

ϪԲ˵Сôˣô죿 

ûӦ⡭ⲻ԰ǿ͸ǳĹ켣ǸʱоţΪʲôᡭԼһΣμһɫӰԼָԼڣ֣ůź⣬ɫģǡһȻѩأ 

ǸΣİɡ 

Խһ㶣໥俴ȫͷ 

ѩôˣһĽţĿĴѰڵϵİϣ˲סˡ 

ǣת͵컻գѩϪͷС˵ʩûѹǣǡ 

ĬĬؿһۣ͵컻գǸܶǰͿԭˮϪл䣬ȴû˵ʲôֻĸ˸Ϫͷ쳤̾ 

ϣΪһ˵ԼѩֵôĬĬؿŰһС׺꣬վϪ㣬ҵķʡ 

Ϫͷұ롭 

˵ˣҶ֪ͷֻ֣ɫС壬ܰףᣬҲǾңȴʧȥѩǺοࣿҡͷӡ 

绪ҡͷ̾Ϣѩ㣬ĸԸģӴԺ껪 

֪ҪѩúõĻȥͷΡ 

һǴô죿ߵʡ 

ҪѩĹǻ뿪ӴԺ˼ġ 


Ϫͷ㡣 

ͷãĵͷá 

һҲá 

һЩһȫ绪㶵㡭ʲô˫ɣ 

Ҳһû˵ 

Ȼ˵ġǸٴδĿֲĵͷȥŻѩġʬ塱̲סʣ绪磬թʬ˵𣿡 

绪һ㶣˿һס輣Сģթʬﶼеİɡ 

Ƭ̣ѩֱ˫֣֡ 

ͨС˵ϣѽʹһҽУֻڵëëһСûģ 

µİɫëë۵ǹ 

Ǻ꣬û갡㡭㣬˼˯ʲôŪһʪѩµĿ顣 

ոգǱѩ޹ģĺ겻һʱݸ׾ٵסѩ±ãˮ 

ģѩһҴܣ˸ոջ˸е鱻ôһȫɢˣ˭Ҳû뵽͵컻ĽȻǧ꾫ϻͯˣ˿ɰ 

ſңҲҪ㱧ţѩצǰһͨӣЦŽѩڻΪңǧУֵ 

СצӶһ£һӰԴֱֱ 

ѩлл㡣ллϲԣ㡭š 

ѩûжûϪЦĿֻͨѩ׵ĺ귺һɫݸ 


ֻԧ첻

ѽ绪ͻȻʲôһУ輣һʲô 

ɽԺأ绪 

һɻĹ⣬Ϫæ˵ȻͰż˵£ͷѩͥԺУͻȻʲôعͷĿӡ 

㡭˶Ƭ̣ͬʱڡ 

εĵͷҲܿĿ⡣ 

ҡͬĿҵĿһϪֿ˿ҵĺߣ̾˿ʲôû˵תţ⣬һƬȻ 

ʲôûУ·ǰЩɺʿǻһ㡣 

ǡ绪סˣȻأأ 

ҡҡͷʲôɽ֤ˡ֣ɣãջ֣㵵ĻͷɽԺԺ 

ʲôͬʡ 

ĬƬ̣Լ˵طһˣһЦҲţɽ£ԭȴ¡ 

ô᣿侪ȵĵɴ۾ôԺԼƮôңΧûбġ 

ҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣǣȷʵˣҲֻΧģûб䣬ǲſǰ߼ӦСıزԶ 

绪ͱ輣˴˿һۣĻ˼Ȼ͸Ŀ˱أȻ¡绪ЦˣôȻǡ 

ǴɽԺͻȻʧȻͰû뿪ˣⲻһʱˣڣ˺ɽµЩⶰ⡣ڰ֣ͷѩѾٴ˯ˣ̫ˡ 

ʲôǴˡ绪ǺһЦ 

ҡҡͷʮ֮һѩôƴûбҪ 

Ұ㡣ͻȻǰһ 

һۣ΢΢Цţҡҡͷ㡭Ѿλɰ࣬ЩͲ·ǧС 

Ҳ¡ҡҡͷһΣһٴ̧ͷ˿Ϥգȴٲ飬ȻͻȻЦˣ̧ͷ̾ϢҺŮ£˵һ 

Цʵûиı䣬ǸƵĺŮǸŵĺߣֻϧ֮䣬Ѹǧꡣ 

ߣ仰лˡ 

һȭȴ򵥵˵ľ룬ĬĬؿֲ֪֮䣬˲ֹǧʱ⣬УͲһġ 

ɽԺ£ɽ֡һЦͷһɽԺһǧҪ뿪ȴͻȻ᲻á 

Ҫߣ绪ͱ輣ͬʱ 

ԡͷ 

ǡô죿绪ָָټɽԺʵѵҪЩ伮ЩУĶУǡ´ҡ 

ͷ̧֪ͷԺиʵ󣬡ȻɽĸƷôͻɽˡ̧֣䣬ȻתһǳɣеѩûоΡ 

ټɽԺת䣬Ϊҽ 

㶼Ҫʲô𣿡绪ƾն۾Щֱʡ 

ҵġ۳ɽˮ¼һҽУҪ壬ϪסҪ𡣡 

ջɽԺʼϲžʧ䣬Ц䣬ᣬǳ鳾дġ۳ɽˮ¼磬һΣ 

Ҫȥһ㶣Ŀǡ 

ͷ绪һۣЦ绪ǵȻȥ˼¡ 

⣬ģЦ硣 

ĬĬؿһˣɵĽּʵĿڣ绪輣ָ֮ɳΪˣǡҿԡԥԥĿڡ 

绪һЦɣͷ輣С裬㻹ô 

輣ȵ֮ҡҡͷε໤ֻԧ첻ɣ 

绪һĨ̫ĸӣϣǧꡣ 

һ˵뿪ɽʱ򣬺׷˰벽 

ѩۣ˵Ʈݡ 

㡭ɻңʣһϪ߻Ц 

ҡҡͷûмįǧ꣬ôܻ˿Թ޻ڵϧͷһϪᣬǲôϪ٣Ǳ˴˵ 

΢ĬĬͷȻת˭ſ˭֣˭˭ѹ 

ߡ 

һЩϲõĻ 

Ц̧֣ټߡ 

߿ã߸һĨȻЦͷѾ˳ټϣǣڡ 

㲻Ϻ뿪ʱɽϵĴûͣɽ´䣬һˣ£Żȴ˺Ĳӣƣһö壬 

 

 







ֻԧ첻

ѽ绪ͻȻʲôһУ輣һʲô 

ɽԺأ绪 

һɻĹ⣬Ϫæ˵ȻͰż˵£ͷѩͥԺУͻȻʲôعͷĿӡ 

㡭˶Ƭ̣ͬʱڡ 

εĵͷҲܿĿ⡣ 

ҡͬĿҵĿһϪֿ˿ҵĺߣ̾˿ʲôû˵תţ⣬һƬȻ 

ʲôûУ·ǰЩɺʿǻһ㡣 

ǡ绪סˣȻأأ 

ҡҡͷʲôɽ֤ˡ֣ɣãջ֣㵵ĻͷɽԺԺ 

ʲôͬʡ 

ĬƬ̣Լ˵طһˣһЦҲţɽ£ԭȴ¡ 

ô᣿侪ȵĵɴ۾ôԺԼƮôңΧûбġ 

ҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣǣȷʵˣҲֻΧģûб䣬ǲſǰ߼ӦСıزԶ 

绪ͱ輣˴˿һۣĻ˼Ȼ͸Ŀ˱أȻ¡绪ЦˣôȻǡ 

ǴɽԺͻȻʧȻͰû뿪ˣⲻһʱˣڣ˺ɽµЩⶰ⡣ڰ֣ͷѩѾٴ˯ˣ̫ˡ 

ʲôǴˡ绪ǺһЦ 

ҡҡͷʮ֮һѩôƴûбҪ 

Ұ㡣ͻȻǰһ 

һۣ΢΢Цţҡҡͷ㡭Ѿλɰ࣬ЩͲ·ǧС 

Ҳ¡ҡҡͷһΣһٴ̧ͷ˿Ϥգȴٲ飬ȻͻȻЦˣ̧ͷ̾ϢҺŮ£˵һ 

Цʵûиı䣬ǸƵĺŮǸŵĺߣֻϧ֮䣬Ѹǧꡣ 

ߣ仰лˡ 

һȭȴ򵥵˵ľ룬ĬĬؿֲ֪֮䣬˲ֹǧʱ⣬УͲһġ 

ɽԺ£ɽ֡һЦͷһɽԺһǧҪ뿪ȴͻȻ᲻á 

Ҫߣ绪ͱ輣ͬʱ 

ԡͷ 

ǡô죿绪ָָټɽԺʵѵҪЩ伮ЩУĶУǡ´ҡ 

ͷ̧֪ͷԺиʵ󣬡ȻɽĸƷôͻɽˡ̧֣䣬ȻתһǳɣеѩûоΡ 

ټɽԺת䣬Ϊҽ 

㶼Ҫʲô𣿡绪ƾն۾Щֱʡ 

ҵġ۳ɽˮ¼һҽУҪ壬ϪסҪ𡣡 

ջɽԺʼϲžʧ䣬Ц䣬ᣬǳ鳾дġ۳ɽˮ¼磬һΣ 

Ҫȥһ㶣Ŀǡ 

ͷ绪һۣЦ绪ǵȻȥ˼¡ 

⣬ģЦ硣 

ĬĬؿһˣɵĽּʵĿڣ绪輣ָ֮ɳΪˣǡҿԡԥԥĿڡ 

绪һЦɣͷ輣С裬㻹ô 

輣ȵ֮ҡҡͷε໤ֻԧ첻ɣ 

绪һĨ̫ĸӣϣǧꡣ 

һ˵뿪ɽʱ򣬺׷˰벽 

ѩۣ˵Ʈݡ 

㡭ɻңʣһϪ߻Ц 

ҡҡͷûмįǧ꣬ôܻ˿Թ޻ڵϧͷһϪᣬǲôϪ٣Ǳ˴˵ 

΢ĬĬͷȻת˭ſ˭֣˭˭ѹ 

ߡ 

һЩϲõĻ 

Ц̧֣ټߡ 

߿ã߸һĨȻЦͷѾ˳ټϣǣڡ 

㲻Ϻ뿪ʱɽϵĴûͣɽ´䣬һˣ£Żȴ˺Ĳӣƣһö壬 

 

 






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