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賿룬ڽ࣬һմĲ˽ƸϡʱվҲ֪Լ쳣Ǹη·ǺҼҽԺȾһ㣬ϵҵļ˵СȥϢɣۺġ 
عջҽʦϢң;ɫһʶЩĻʿҪ˷ݲͣȻϢ˸£׼һ֮ٻؼҡţҪȣϢҵͻȻ汻򿪣ԫ̽ͷ̽Ե˽ 
һеص˵ͷʦ磬ֵࣿ 
ԫͷ£ҲûһֱץҷͷӶؿһۣһЦ˭˭Բ 
Һأغҵţ̡Ǽ˵ദĬһЩƮĹЩ˺£ڵ̹ĵطҵüϡ 
ԫȴȫû˸СڴڵسҵͷԺͻȻһ̧ͷֱֱң˵ô˵ǰ¸¾Ҫˡ 
ֲԾһ 
ԫϲЦտҵļ򣺡һ׼ǿƵĶüӰѾһӦԫֻ;һǼֵȥʱͷһЦǣллͷһҾͿǸóСʱ 
̨áҰһۣĿίί૶ȥ̧ۿ⣬ŵĶĽ١ҪˣĬĬԼ˵ 
 
1 ʯͲ¥ 
 
ҵĸޱޱ17ʱңŵظȡ˸ޱȵ֡ǡ˼Ǹ绹ȽϱأŮ굱ӵͻᱻΪʱƯɣ16˵һС˶ӣһʱű˷֣үүЩȴϡ跢Ƶػңһ͵͵Ӽ˼ٿǮϼŴȻıż¾ͳˡ 
һֱܺ棬ļҳӵǸҹҵ׵ʲôطͷʮҵ˵һֱǸ͸Ĵڣܵͼһ˴ӶﵷĳġҵͦŴϷһݵĳϴ˰ӣٺҾΪȵʱˡȻʱȫûм䣬ÿÿǶȴܻᣬÿҡڳǰＸûԼĴ˯һϵľ彡׳ûûϡͷҲܳðװ֣һ뵽ͻ˵Ǽúܣǰװ˷ô֡ 
յݵʱסڳʯһŶʮʷͲ¥쾮¥룬Ͽʱﻨ̵ȫǸ˻ϴ·ã¥ÿ㶼˹һһϴԼȥˮһʱ¥߰˸Сëÿ׶԰һѧӴˮ̣浽һСĥӲݵϰǷٶ̨ѼȺӵСͷĿԴийһµѾԴ곤ʲôӡֻǵСӴСһǷı飬һȺҰеλ᲻ɴݡ 
ԴǼҸǼסţƽĸͦǼչˡԴİ趼ˡԴǸ֯ˣɤźԲһ԰ú޴һ¥¥Զĸҹ档෴Դֵ˹˹ĵģ˳ģ˵Ҳᣬһ˫ְֳڼҴػվԴ߷һС˵ķ顣 
ҼǵСʱ輸¥סǸԴ˵䡣һһϲ·Ǽɹ·ʱŵϴһɧζתͷһɹ·ϾȻճճવز֪˭ʺߵذ˭֪һͿˡһ֪ô£Դˣ龰ϽǣסȻԼ쾮˲֪˭ȫ¥Ҷһ¼ļʵ̫ģʱƺķʲô˵Ĵ£ҶԴȴȫ޸֪һֱʶ鲡 
 
ҺͰϸ˵Ӧ÷ǹͬӵеһμȴȷʵƲá 
ΪԺĸ߸ӵܣƺҵ롣СʱסͲ¥ԶļԺſȥɷǳббͲ¥ĶԱȡ鲺ԴһԴ꣬ʶʱѾСѧˣǾԺһСƨͷаǴɫĳСף˫£ŴƷףСƤЬﻹǣһӵܵͷʮעĿ鲴СƯûͷ۾ģֱͦƬ촽Цʮֺÿֻʱ̫òҵܻϡŹֵʳǸϡıνա 
ʱڰߵСڻܻž࣬ΰͶϣǼһ˵ԭǾԺСͲ¥СԷ˳ۣܶŹûٸɹ˰鲸ԴһǵǷ켫Ͳ¥˴ˮȤԺˮʯӶʱװϴӣҲǲǰﺢӵĵϣֻҪпʼ͵һɢʱǵֶҲͦͼɵ¶Ӳֽӡֽٰ۳ɸGڵϡÿÿЩٸGϵȥ񣬶ʱԺǼӾͻỶϲصִ·ϱĳǵЦʱһ߳ŭŤһȻС£˾ͻᾪߵϴԳҼǵʱԴÿγøƵģԴԴһߣ֮ǰһ־ԵĳĶЩûɴĺĽòˣСʱƯƯҲݣǹŪģǶŪձʵһ㶾ŵ׷Դ׷֡ 
Ͳ¥;ԺӰĹϵʱﺢͦһûˣһشһӾȦԴȥӾߵصʱϰҲǼӾߡԴ鲶ʱ˲ԼͬشӱߡһﺢҲ͸ű˴ˡߡһһ·ŤŤͬһȥˡ 
ƱӾأǼӾȦӱһѾȽﻻȥˡҵʱҲûȺڸʲôӸʱŷҵӾȦûˣԴǼӾȦúõضڳӱϣΨǸӡŰѩ߸С˵ĳȦˡҵʱûӾ£ԴӾȦԴһ˵Ұ鲣ڵģ鲣ǵӾȦĶȥˣ 
ˮﰮ˵ʲôأ˭ǵӾȦ 
ǵӾȦոջڳӱأһת۾ûˣǻ˭Դġ 
֪ŲŲһˮԼĶԼã˻ˣ˵껹رһۡ 
ĲõģԴе㽫ŽɡʱߵĹһۼ⿴ǣ¾ͺӣǸǣ 
һͷΰڸҺ𾢶زҵӾȦ߲ȻЦĹĵĳȦӱֻ̣ʣһƤӾȦϵĻҲÿˣѩͱΡҵʱһѪϴܣӳ嵽Ҹһͷǰʹһƣʲô㣡ƾʲôӾȦ 
౻Ƶúһ£ֺҾҪȣôأ 
ҿ۵ϵӾȦո첲ᡣʱ̫СҲûʵûôţǸսźţʹùһеĺһӶΧˡԴͰ鲵ʱˮһƲҲˡ˼ʱұѹƵఴڵʹȻͲ¥Сֶӵļȷץץҧҧ֮ұѹһ˵ײȫܷȫҲ졣ҵʱЩʲôҲǲ壬ԭ򣬹Ҳ񶾲ĶȥЩȴԼŭ࣬Ҽǵһ˦ϵļֻ첲һҵɶ㻹һҰ֣ 
 
2 뿪 
2 
⻰һųҺĲһǵжһӾͣʱ򻹲֪νҰ֡ǸʲôŴžǸ˵ĻҲʾس¿ˮȥ裡ǸҰأ 
һң˭أŲôҪ 
䡰ҪˣǸί˵˭أ˭Ҫ 
ʱԴһž߿ࣺ˵һΣ 
ſϰûعһֱԸİֶ֪˭Ұ֣ 
Դ̧ҪһȭͷɹȫסԴڵϣŤͷͶ԰鲺𣺡ô۸˵𣿣 
Դ̫ӾذȫԱǸ߹ʱس˵һŰȫԱߣҰ֣û֣費֪˭ǸЬ 
סˣָصʵһʱ䲻֪롣ҴδֻҺļͥʲôԾͻȻڵվָʵ˵Ӧãʮֶ񶾵ĻҵĸסһԼԼ֪Ϊʲôôھӽ֪Ǽҵ·Ϊʲôᱻ÷࣬ΪʲôޡһҺܷŭҲãȻڴûӦʱѾˮһûʲôӡֻԴպʱһı顣˵ʱȫ¶ɱԴĻ˵ҪûңҴͳɱ˷ˡ 
ºֵе󣬼˶ȺСˣЩʱӾصĸ˽ǸԵļҳҲˣ˵ָָһֱͷһֱûһؼҵ·ȴһߣʹСֲ£ҲܸоʱıΡصҺһĻҲûУûпޡ 
 
ӾرߺǳǼ³˺ܶķˮ룬ҪĿ̬ȡһƺҹû˯Ҵܵĵ죬ʰһ˱ϼҡ 
صϼʱǻƻʱ֣⹫˵ȺŹصǣҹſڣһľʱҲʡ£գ۵裬˵Ҷ迴һۣһֻͻȻ۵۴Уȴûзֵ˼ҺίҼؿ˺ѷεϼǰһϡмЩڵϽַźӳĸĨ̾Ϣ谺Դ˴ҹǳ˸ʱڴӺźǾǿޡ賣ʱɣͻȻЦˣŽ۵ýӴ˵춨ļҵĳλҶʮ᲻ɴݡ 
⹫ϼͷȨʱ͸ＸŮ롣˼ҵŪֵͨƵģ赱һܾͳ׶·ǴλȥֻΪһ£ҪǮ˵赱ʱһǧ飬ڵʱҲǸܿɹ۵֡˵ҪǮΪ˻⣬ܹϺӣƲ˵Ǯ϶ļκιϸǼļҺǼɹһ⹫˵ÿʱÿ̶ݡ΢ʱ货Ŷƴյһǧ壬ٴδ뿪ĳС 
صݺɴסͲ¥ֻΪ˴ı˺ܶࣻʼȥţھǰк¥µĴѧϰ֯ë¡ŸǮϽֿ˼СݣһС̰ڵشӣһһŶǮҿʼСѧԴͬһѧУʱԴͰ鲼ֱѾͬİ·ܶô򣬿ʱƵطֱռѧң໥֮侮ˮˮ 
Сݿһһͻ룬׬ǮСݸĳͳͳһײ˿бһõ壬ԶǼţš룬ϼֱҪڵʱȴ֪ΪʲôܻӭڵĻԤԼ⽥·ʱݵĵһƷҸͲ¥ 
뿪Ͳ¥ʱû̫˸Уеֻǰ¼ҵ˷ܡǻԴͰѾϳУԴסУƽʱҲô档ҰߵԴͦѹứң˼ָͬһѧв͸вֻһ̻ΪһЦ 
뿪Ͳ¥һ˰鲡ʱСվڽֱŰĴ¹񣬼ͷ󺹵رŸߡʱѾʼӣװֵСкָݣʣСʱôƯ鲶ʱҸ߳ϴһأذܣ˵ȵĻߺպԴ˺һֱѧУĺڰ˫ɷҴͷβǼᶨԴɣ쵥鲣ﲻЩһҡһ߹İ鲣ʮװû 
ǰȴȿңһ£βſңҪˣ 
ҵ˵ͷڳһӡ 
ᵽĶҡ 
·ʵش˳͵ۿ 
ͦԶ룬ԺͿ˰ɣ 
վԴɵϣҺһ䡰ƨ¡ҲԴûǸǣҲֻܹԹԵءšһʱŰҹ˴¥ҸɵվţΪĸСһ£ⶼҪˣû˵ģ 
鲼״ңУһȥˡ 
֡šһĿ뿪Լϳͷ˳鲣ң⺢ӳͦƯǰôû 
һۣԴͷҸܻء 
Ķܰҿź˹˹ͦòġ˵ 
㿴˰ɣǸڼԺϴ󣬴ϺˣٵȥžٵʰԴ׷֡ĸ׻Ƕ£Ц 
 
3  
֮Ĳ⿪ʼǿʱҷͦŮǿǱʣһ쵽ŷǼСأӲҪĲ˵˼Ǹڵֳżٴ˹ʲôģſڹֲĴơﵱЩϻҲȫһɴģϻе⣬ٿ˵СԽԽæ˳䣬ʼŮʽ̡ҳ˺ʿ˼ҾƵ꣬ǾƵ괣ҵȦڲװ쳣ұڵһ·ǡȻСɶȴʱϵطֽ˵ҵƣΪһʱ 
æ׬ǮǶʱûչңҾһƥֵҰѧУغаԵԴ鲶ϳ֮СѧͷŽΣʱͷòУ˵ҲǸСѧĺΨһԴĵطܾһ˶ռš׶˵־ѧҡҾʣ¼ظмܴʦͷ۲ѡǵУһλٵˣÿÿʽʱܻʹļ׵һ°ܽУȫУʦ˵ͬѧǣһѪУ 
ϳкҺԴйһʤʦһᾢеҲ֪ʱôôбһԲ;ͿԽֵʱԴܿʼֹܣſӱһվͦҲͦˡ˵òãոֹ󲻶ԿҪճġԴңոֹܻǺõģ֪ʲô˵֪Դһߣ˵Сʱõ׷ңֱӸľˣ 
Դʱ鲷һ࣬˶ҺƵʱҪһ𵥶ϰ˫ʮơ鲸еʱϾǳˣʮ꼸ûٱСʱ򳤵ƯϸоӢˣһ˫۾ôģԻˡ鲵ʱƬܴԴ˵ǡҡҾðǹɺݾԴ֮ϡʱսͦ޳ܣǾ٣ÿδ򲻹˵ʱʹ绰ԼҲˡЩһܵȭĶаܼġ˵дΰ鲰ȱʱָˣµ绰ֱӿžӲӶǰѰ鲸ϻȥˣڴ°Ϲһ졣Դÿ˵ζؽ͸Ѱ鲴ӳƵġ 
ҺԴͬһӳĹһϸʱ˸Ůѽ档ʱҷǳȣΪѵ˵Ůӣģסһһ粨ҼţԾ槼תĺջˮ 
Ҫ˵һ࣬ǸӾرϲӾȦˣʮСࡣǻССʱ֣˳ӣ֮ġһһۣû¶ϲҷŵ磬ҸŮԴͰ鲰һһ࣬ФҲһˣ滹ûһϵʱ͸ӬƵһ쵽˼ҸǰΡΪ¶ûѹһһ˵û£ͦġ 
ҳһٵһ죬ڼﳭҵʱԴ绰ʲô£Ƶأߵݣ 
һ£һʱҲԴ˵ص㣬κҲŷӦ˭ 
鲡ͦ򵥵ػشҡ 
ʲôһô¶ԴͰȻȥ죬ҵӡУԴǴӾȦ¼֮ûٶ֣һ⻹Ƕǰˡ 
ӡԴ͸һ˵ĸ飬¶ˣࡣ 
 
ҺԴһʯڻϣ߰˸ͦݡߵʱҼԴ͵͵ضҰһߣһһεҲɿһۣʲô˼ 
ԴͷһƫҾǴŷ¶ 
Ҳţƽʱֹֻܵģô£ 
Դ˵ˣɫý 
һס˵ưˣ 
֪Ҳ 
ǵûжҼˣԴҽСô¶ƽʱ㲻ģ 
ԴһЦݣҾǷţû¶һ㡣 
㶣ʵǸôôֲˡ 
һۣʲô˼ 
òᡭòϲǡһû˵꣬ԴһƸչˣ˭˵ˣԴû˵ּ˾䣬¶ҷȥɣҪǵġͱȥˡ 
ҲɵҲң۵Сۡ 
裬ߣһקԴҪǸȶӻƤ 
ǲߵʱ򵽵ݣһ߾ʹףűǶǱ˵¾µĴƵ£һơ 
٣Ӳǲ˰ɣһ߷ߵ 
ٵȵȡԴ̧̧ƤãȻؿǰ 
ֹԼʮӣ鲵ӰڳǵҰСһˣ߸ͶϣҲʶģ㲻嵽ǲľȱʱǱҸߺܶ࣬ȳƣһʽģؿţĴȷʵԵúܺÿ 
鲣ǶȵʮӶȥ˰ڲﻻӰɣԴЦ˵ 
ˣԲס嵭ЦЦԴôǸأԼߵ椱ˣԶٲǣ 
Һ͹һûҾڵİ̫ʢԴȼֱһΡ 
Ű鲿ңһЦӴҲ㲻úڼҴ裬ܵɶϸԴˡ 
أһĿԽ鲣ֱӿࡣ 
棿ͦЦЦڼﱣ̥أá 
һĶ⻰ɫһ䣬˾䡰ټһϡһѶţ¶һ 
һֹܣҡԴ͹һһһøֹܲ˳ֻ֣˶ʼƾУǵȻۣҲû·硣¶˵תڿԼһʱʱԽԽ󣬵ȫˮһŻˤȥҪͻȻǰ¼κɫ 
һȻ̧ͷŶӣĵ˼һ⵶֪˭߷һԡŤͷԴŭ𣺡ԴʲôӦҵģ 
ԴһӴòɿҽең 
֪ԴȴҲһŭ˭ 
ǱѾһţҿڵϣѪָģܣţһˣУӣһ鲴ļҲŷ߿һѷسȥԴ͹һȭߣһƵŸֹҿмѪߵҲŻֽţʣµļ˻ң˿Уססһķˣ 
 
4 ʱ 
4 
ǵְ˽ŵȥҪסһǰǱߵ׵ؿʼߡԴקŹһϵĸֹܣִε߶ţһ侲侲޶˶˰˼šھѾҵԿƵʱ಻֪ʱĵ˹һڵϵǰ⵶ֿʼ̣˵ǿ׼ݡ 
̬Դ͹һеʱ򳹵ʧȥơԴ֪ڵһʱ͹һһֱŤһ˵˭˸Щ鲺ߵļ˲֪νؾţǰûжľһҿҼкüζȥ͹һ˷ֿҲӽˡŴ֪˭һֹڱϣֱͦͦϵҶѪ꽻ӵĲбеһĵĿ־塣ʱһѾĵҺȥһ֣ȴͻȻеһأ̶һůˮϡãȻػͷԴ֪ʲôʱѾǰ棬ԴֹܻУѪĽһͻ赹ϡ 
ˣʱ溦ˡ 
120ʱֽ̱ظһȻʪܵز֪껹ᡣҾ˾ش󺿣ȥõҽԺȥԺ㣡 
ϵĻʿһĵңãǱǸ󶨵ġ 
ػصԴͰ鲵ĵԱ£ãȻؿŻʿǴ˿ڡԴѾʣֵοںһ˫۾Ȼעң·ûϲŭ֡ 
Ȼһ·ХʻԺĿŰ鲺ԴһȺҽĴӵ±ңһҲ֪ΪЩվȣޡ 
 
ٴμԴѾǶʮ֮¡ʱһѾԺ׼ƻᱻ߳ɹ˺ǼڵδʮȫˣʮϵҲֻ˼ΰ֪¶֮òңʶҲУһȸҶʮĽ¥СĶҲȥ޲øӰ˨ڼҸ˵ҪҽԺȥԴǣֳ£Կ˳Ѻҹȥ 
ҽԺԫˡ 
ҶԫĵһӡΪģʹƴҲֻø°ñĴԴͰͽԫֵ࣬̽ʱ鷿˵Դյ­ǹۣڴѹ˾һֱ˵־Щѡ 
ʱһûע⵽ŹӾȥԴ˭֪žͿ湧˳˳Դϸιһ㶣һʱûסˤ˹Ӿߡ 
ǡӣԴѵһͷҲأأԴ̤ǰߡһ׷סңӣҾΪչû˼ 
˦ˮˮҲи޶ȣԴҸǣ̣Ӷ㣬˵ 
ͷһ飬εԺɣһԺҾߣģ̇ͷһỤ 
ֲˬػӻ֣ת뿪ˡҼԫվͦز֪˵ʲôʱΪ̽ԴͰ鲵Ĳ飬Ҳûȥһרȥʿվ˰鲵ĲǻʿСҷԺ¼ңǸа鲵ѾǰһԺˡָһ㣬ʮܳԺӦҲʲô̫صĴˣôţͷŲ֪˿ 
ѧ֮Ҳûм鲣һ¥ſһװϵѧУתѧҪתѧʱ˭Ҳ֪ԺҲûݳῸžӰд˵ܵȥ߿ģ˵ȥξģ˵ģ˵ҳȥģشҲˣ鲾ôǵʧˡ 
һҸϳԴϸԴӹһؽȥ֮ԴĹϵͿʼģľֱӵҺԴԶǰѧУԴһ˳ճһû˹һѧѧԷ·ǻһ档ֱҲԲ²⵱ʱԴ浽ʲôĹϵͨѣҲˡһʱسĬҺԴ˵ʱӲ죬ǰߣ͹ؾصںšȻͱҴ󣬵ǰȴԶü˳ۣԵĲ졣ҶŮ֮õĲ࣬ǶʱȴһЩʱȻȴҶԴһ־С 
йһԴбҵˣûвμӸ߿˵ƾԼǵõӾȥҲϡʱԴǰŴ컨侯ȥˡԴҪȥϢʱҾþ棬ҵʱȤ˵ǲǼŴ̨尡ֻ춼ץȥˡųڵһƽ֮տʼЩ˸СǶʱϰƶ˵ԴԺϢǲҲһϿϴ󼸿ǰԺټסʯԺˣȻСһС۸Ͳ¥ֵܣʯӶǱνգӾȦ 
ԴҺһȥվϻʱԴǻ˺ܾõ֡ʱе˶ڿޣҲˣһֱ޵ҲԴǽڳᡣԴҵҰгʧʱڸеһ˿įӼ⿪ʼᣬȻһ˴ʱѾֱӿ޵εˡ 
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ٺһججؾпŰҲûȥɼСȥ˵ӻһİٷ֣ġ迴ųɼʱǳ࣬ң˵ô죿ͷˣԼ·ҹԹԵվǰΣһãԼ˵ɣҸϽϣҸʲôȥһۣҪͺúöпŪôɼ㣿 
ʱǳɼҪֱУвûϣˣʱйУν˽˹ѧУɼûϵֻҪǮͿˣȥ֮ø֪Ǽٵ˫ƾƤ̽ķ棬ܻͦˡѧУͷǰǰ֪˶ǮҸŪȥȥסУȫգƽʱУŶóȥ˵ˣѸ䶼ʦѵһĻֱӳУҸһЦ˵㿴Ǹģû׺ӺõĶȥû£ܶǸôˡʱһľûضйͷƵŲٳܣһرʦײ˸ҲٶȣһǧܽʮʱӲҽУӣΪУ⡣һûٸѧУ⣬Ұѽؼʱͦ˵ģ˵ţЩԺ߿üӷֵİɣٸҶЩǶʱҵĸͷʼɴܣһӾԽһװˣҸ˵ҪԺȥ˻ᣬǧһ죬Ƿ˲ϼɣ˵㣬СʱҪѧôҪĸô˵ҳɼ̫˼ָ߿ƼƲңǿǿΪʲôģҲﾡˡ 
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ôһֱ·ϻλƣһֱԫ֡ 
ʱҸ߶ĽʱϽѧѾҵǻδϸǶʱѧУûûҹظǲΣʦһǷӣһ򲻹ѧϰҲѰ˼ŸҼҽ̵£ڸкҶȻоѹ޴ѹбѧУＸԼӿΣӺԺǽ綯HIGHʱͻȻһ绰ŵðʱҵһӦѧ±֪ˣ绰ȴ˸߲ҵģӣѧУأ 
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˵һƵˣԫ衣Ե˲٣һžʹ߬סҵ֣žµһѹ 
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ʱѹԼѹѹҲֱ۾ֻÿԫʱһ֪˭춼˵ϣȴںĿཻʱһ㺡һֱԫܸӣܽ˼ڲصĺֺܽġرҵƺ͸¶һ˿ˡ 
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æġӻ֡ 
úøϰתʱȻһЦ˺һ 
 
ɻ¼»ΪҳΪʹӡ 
赽ҸԫûȥӻֻǴһϸ޶ٺõĽӽӷʲôġԫصҪҪѧУӷ磬˵ȥ¼𣬱øӿƵģ˵һǸأ˼ҵ˷Ҷٱĸϰʱ䰡ԫһҲûҽӻȥ 
ҳ˷ѧУʳóҲõˣͳֻ绰û˽ӣʱҲû̫⣬ֻӸøȥϣַֻţ˵ĸ״عǲҲùһıӰǺԫĿը¶ˡŷȥ軹ûأھе֣һ绰ȥһֱͨЦ裬˼æʲôأӵˣ 
ӵ绰ԫңԶÿûˣǣ 
ҲˣԫϹĵ绰 
ûԫе㶶ֻҳˣͻȥ 
ԫе㲻ԣͻȻˣأ 
衭ڼءԫ 
Ҷ˵ֻ绰ȴһӣȻ˽ 
ҵֿʼе㶶ˡ 
ԫ㣬أҲͨԫֻһ󲻹ܲ˵غļԽԽ飬ǲǳˣǲǣ 
ûСԫΡΡģúõء 
ԫƭңƭңһףҪǼ㣡 
ôܡԫĬһ󣬡Ȼҹ㡣 
һ⻰ҵĳˡ 
ԫ֮ǰһֱͦûޣһֱ軹û¡ԫʱȥʦλʦҽʱϹΪǵСʱ˶ҺָָʱһϤ˴Ŀġԫһ仰Ҳû˵һ·ճĬÿ¡ԫֱӽԺڿҽԺ¥ϰɫʮּʱͻȻʧذӿ 
ǡԫ޴ؿҡ 
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ԫԣҵ¥ͣʬߡǵط֪ڸԺǻȥ̽յ뷨ڣͷһֺܻķʽˡ 
̫޷հĴӻ·ӭһײ⳵ֱӳ˻̣˾ûںϣͷƤȥһ飬͵ҽԺʱҽ졣̫ƽſҼǸ˾һնʮͷСӣ֪߼ʱıʮη壬·ʱпܳȥҧһ㡣ʱԫһֱקסҵĸ첲һͻȻ¡ʲôҲûҵӵ֪Ѷһ·Ѿ˳ˣʲôʲôֻʣ֪š 
һҽԺſһҹԫһԲҲҸšҲûп̫ãΪˣҾ費ϲŵĶӡǸҹҾعǶݵһعÿһʹࡣܶʱͬͲ¥Ϊʱ⣬Сˣ˷ܵ㳮ѧѣŵ֯ɰҸë£ЩͬϵӰУͻȻһֱҵĸףôôҲ֪ʱѾ͵͵ܶ꣬ȻӲ֪ҲԶ֪ 
Ǵһöӣޱޱȴõĸס 
ʱڻӲվԫ˵Ϊɥкܶ಻Ҫ鷳ˡ 
ȥĵڶ磬ҽйһ֮Ե游ĸҹϼҸϹˡ 
Ҹպԫһ¼´ؼңߵҼҵԪ¥Ϳҵ⹫໥վڵԪǰҡ֮ǰҲû򱱷ϼͨѶԵʱҺܾȡ 
ǡŻһβв 
һţԫȿ˿ڣĸˡ 
Ҳؿԫһۡ 
ҵ⹫ȴŭɶΡΡָԫھȪָ֮ԫ㣬ôǣôǣ 
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9  
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㵱ʱΪʲôûңҾԫ 
ԫû˵ 
Ҳ㡣Ҳκ˵ɡ 
 
üԵĻһϣǸϣΨ޷쵽еʹ裬ΪʲôǿԭԫʱҸԼޱޱһеˣʱٶĶӡ 
죬һרŴϸϹμ񣬻ڲӲԴ˸ȦȥüŸڵ绰ᵽ£ʱһѾվ˽Ÿ֮Ҳкüû棬ԹһͻȻöЩжһʱ򾹿źɫ󱼣û˸ƤϴһɫŽװϴŷ飬ŵһ˫ЬһɵģĿͳ㣬ôһС³ʱҾͷ˲٣ǣɫ˵ĲɣĹǻұȥʱ̲סˣ˵ǰסͲ¥ʱãԴû¾ͰĹ䷹ԣ˭˵ûûˡ 
󣬽Ҫ¾Ųķָ֪Щƴ˲ǮõʦݹĲƲ֤ʱһǱʵʵһֽ𡢹ɷݺͲȻǧûüǧҺ⹫̳˾֣Ƕ˼̳ȨŲøһˡ 
ǰƳţǮǲӦҪŶ˵ǮԼŰɣһҪϡ 
һʮ꣬ھ껹һʱ⹫ݳҵķ໤ˣһֱػֱڡҲΪֲΣλ˴ʱҼãĳ˵Ǹĸ׺ĸס 
һȫʱ򣬾ҲμӸ߿ֻдʱˡҾǰ˵ֱǸ漣˵֮鱣Ҳ֡ر⣬겻濪ĴԷ·һҹ֮ͻȻϣʲôʲôʱŶɶԿ⣬ˡҸղٳһݾȥμһȻĵؿٷ֣֮ǰ붼ġ֮һ·ڸ߿ʱرߣð̡ôһأ֮ȻǸԹϲ̫ʹıѧͽܣ̶˲ҽ 
߿־ԸǻҲ˰鲡 
˵ʱ԰鲵Ǹʲô飬ִͦţϹţһ뵽͸ƵظˡǶû»ܰţÿζȷȥȻͰ͵صعʱأҾͺƤȥҲû⣬ҵ߸ࡣ 
ɼʱҵ֪Լ壬˵ǸشͻƣֱҲ֪˼ϣɪ֮һӦǴ绰鲱ϲֻûӵҵ绰˰죬ʦ˰ȥҸҵˡȥʱһ飬ˮߣҾվſڣҲûͿһ·߹ߵһʮԶʱſҵģһӦܾȣȻϾЦˡҵʱ룬ͳôһЦҾſվһҲֵ 
ҵģҡ 
һ˭ûáһ˵һԾԸذ飬ҽ绰㣬ﲻӣ 
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㻹ȱǮˣһۡ 
ҾȱˣôأƲ𱩷ҸƶʵҲûʲô￼ˣʮ࣬ⲻʹôҰοˡ 
룺ſ壬ǹ˵İôûԾлأ 
ҲãǶһĻ䰡 
Цò㱳ȥƤ̫ˡ 
Ƥǰ鲶ҵľۣԴѾΪһְơҸʱ԰鲵ر𵥴һ۵ʱ˵˵Ҳ͹ˡ־ԸӷʱͻȻǰ˵õҪҽѧԺʱﻹ˺һ󣬵ջûаҽѧԺΪһ־ԸʱҵĿһΪɼȻرߣֳɼֻ˵żҪҽѧԺеɬڶΪԫ鲶ҵȻ󣬿վ󲻹ҶԫĵӡصĿǣҵһ־Ը˹̹ڶ־Ը˽־Ըٴҽѧҹ˸ӵ䣬ͽ־Ըȥ 
ǵõ¼ȡ֪ͨʱרҵȴǡǡٴҽѧʱҾҼϺֹðֱ̣Ҫˡ룬ֶѧ䵽ҽѧԺˣʱֻԫ 
Ҵ¼ȡ֪ͨ鵽ȥ㣬ʱţ˵ҪҪԫ˵һ 
˼ҳĬһ˵¶㣬㶨ɡ 
Ҷ֪ͨ鿴һվûԫڡԫٲãѧһҲʲô֪ˣ뵽һʶҼԫµѧһʵʮơ 
һ˸һر𵨴¡ʱҸʮûãƲȨżٵʱ⹫˵Ҫܲ壬гнĸ¥̵תơտʼ˼¥ȫûҵ£֤ڱʲôģھʱۣһУڿ̸⡣ҿһƳúӱϵĶٶۺϸҪİӹ¥֣˵ҾͳʮһǮࡣʶ˱Ŀлͣһʮˣ÷ͷЦҲ۾ʮ֮ǰҵҵص죬ʮ֮ͻȻתº⣬֮ƸһͣǿǿݳǰʮĴ󸻡˵һþ͵Լҵıתƣû뵽ǶΪ鳶Ƥվںһ󣬴һӣ˵ʮ㣬ҽѡ 
 
10 л 
 
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лر࣬˵ǣ˵л͡ 
ҡŶһôˣ 
лͼֱţСҪңĺʹɶ 
һ㶣ɽĹɶ 
ͦĵͷѵ˵⺢Ӽ̳˹Ȩֺֻܷ֮죬ɶϲȫ˵ǮþͲˣôʲôлҡҡͷ֪֪ɽռ˶ٹɷݡ˵ٷ֮ʮɴţ̫ࡣл룬ĳظ˵ڹɶϣ°ٷ֮һĹɷݷǺصģֺֻ첻¹ɶ㲻û׸˵ҲŸϴѧأɽĹɶָȥİ壿л˵ҵ˵ҾôһʲƲԼɽ̫ϧ֪жٰҵ˻ĽôѧҲСˣ⼸Ϊúô㣬ôúõǮ 
ұôһ˵е㲻˼Լе㲻˼ȡװ˷Ѫ˵Ҹô죿 
л˵ҲøԶ¶ڵû飬ǮͶʲôģϤһг鱾ϵĵģԼľ۹ҪԺʵҵǱʲôͿԼˡ 
˵УҸȴĶͶ 
һ̯˵ô֪ǵÿԼʵֻҪǮͼһ롣زģֻҪǰи 
һ˵㲻ǺҰɣزĶô򵥣 
лͺٺһ֣˵㲻ž˵Ȱ⼸ȫȥƤǼȻڽ̵ѺܴǧӡȻôǮ޸һڹ̣ѹ㣬ţҪǮʱޱҪƷԤۣԤ۵ǮϾܻдǴ϶Ԥ۵Ǯ޷ӣ棬귿۳׬ 
Ŀɿڴ˵죬ͷǮǮ̫ˡ 
ϻ⻹С¥̡л͸˵ҪһͶȥǧǮƵġ 
˵УҲ˼ˣҸزˡ 
л˵ҪҲУиĿҪأǼ¶û飬ԼÿǺá 
˵Уһȥǣϵ 
лüЦ˵㲻ͶǮҲûϵҿСͦ˼ģû¶Ҳá 
ò˵ʶлĳһת㣬Ҿôصķʽ̺һţһڽõܶ࣬Ҳʧȥܶࡣô˵лǸˣʮº֮ʶΪ֮ 
úӱߵıҹذѱԿ׽˼λǰ֮ǰ˺ܶӦԴʩҾԼһô⣬˼ôҲҪѵҼġ߬ŷԿԼػת˲һСʱԼ˵ǡ˵ŵʱûüТǣǮⶰ辡һТģ˵ϷůͣʺϣϾסŰɡ 
ɵԿ׽⹫ʱеѵȴûеһ˵ȦͺˣɳĬĬĨᣬ֪Ǹжѹ 
Ҹ⹫лز¡ž̫ðգ̫޳ɣ⹫˵һ˳ŴʱҲôҪУǲ㡣µǵģһǷ¶ҪԼ·Ǯһǧôܶģѧҵϣѧ⼸겻ܵǮҲðѱ֤õ 
˵û⡣ 
Ҹлز£֪˺ڳϴһSHOPPING MALL˸ʲôЭ͹㳡˼ҪǸЭ͹㳡޵ûƯ˵лǸʲô˼Ҳ֪ĻΪҽԺءлҽԺ㳡ԤͶʵʮڣл˵ӦһĿͰĻؼҵҲȥĿˡ˵ֻͶǧȥǲԵ̫˵㣿л˵Ŷ㱾¾ѧ˼ҵɶ㻹ᣬ͵۽¡ʼͶǧȥлֹ˵ֻ̫ҶǧޣһǮҪȥǩͬлҵԴѵ˵ҰǶԵģɷ¶ҪŪøƵģ׬Ǯס 
ĿĹ滮ϣؿһϤĵʯʱҲ֪лҵֿ滮ʯҲȦ˲ǨΧһҵһӱúܸӣЩͯ䣬ҪԼֻٵˡ 
ʯһȦϷӳ綼ҪģҲǸԵ֡ڵ绰ﰲοң˵ҼҲǻôҪʵ᲻ãǾԺתȦ㵱ôӵġ 
㻹˼˵ûǾԺǾǻǧ꣬ԼҲ㵱ô۸ǵġ 
˭۸ˣԼ˺ôԺӣ˭Ⱑ鲸ҽа壬˵ԴһСʱҶٸν֪𣿡 
ǶԴ˽˶Թ˼ͷϣҷ̫˰鲡ҽѵ 
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ԼһȥͲ¥תƣһ¥ǰ˲ࣻһҸ鲲һ·˰ĵġƬرȻ°鲵ĸ첲С¡ҶƬΪ⣬ϴϰд̨ϡ˵յôɵ۾Цûˣ˵û£ֻҪյƯС 
Ͳ¥תƻ˵ҪǼס˰ɣһͲ¥Ͽճ˵У趼ҽţǰһλӵϹġһЦ˵İô֪£ӦȥˣҰû׼Ǹء˵үүҴ˻ôк÷ŹҰɡǰ鲲һ·ӲӲקذǼȥˡ 
 
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ˣҡҵһۣȴ֪ΪʲôЩˡ 
ҽźߡ 
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ҰзѡڳתȦҲ˵ 
ãͼӵ£һЪȥ鲰һ̵ңԼţһͺá 
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鲵ķѳȻЧʮӾͶ˳ˣŰ鲰ʣ΢¯һ£ѷѳһȥͳ˷ѳǽҿħƵǰ̸ǽֱˡ鲵ͦһ㣬ǳԵζġ극ҸɳϿӣʮһʱͱңȥϴˡ 
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һҧ㴩ҵģ 
ǲɣ㲻һءҶ 
Ӿͱ𴩣бϹƨ˯鲵ҡ 
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ҺͰڳĬд۵Сۡ 
ϴȥ鲲ͷشƳĬһ 
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ѵڶ죬Ҹ鲻˵ҪˣָԴôӾȻȵôá˵Ϲ˵ʲôأĲӿɱ˵ҲȥˣһɫҶθġһ֣˵Ͱǣ־ʤԸӷ硣 
һ⻰̾˵С˵Ҫ 
˵Уʲôʱ˵͵Űɡ 
һ죬ֵøƵģ̹ٶҵ񾭲 
ڶ粿ӵĳͻѧУʱҸҰƵؾܣϴ裬ѻʰ׵˲Ÿ鲴绰˵Һֻˣʲôʱӷ簡 
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ҿǹڵϵһۣеĲ̡㲻ʰ鲡 
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һգ˵ʲôأôûá 
˳ƹȥ㿴͹ʣˡ 
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ԴһЦô⺢ûûεģ˭ܻ 
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鲶ݵЦЦƯ 
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һعͷȥôûİû׼˼Ҿء 
ͦľȻؿң˵ʲô飺Ҳȥġ 
վԭش۵СһһҽԺܳ˰鲾ͺ鲣˵ȥء 
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֮ĵת̫𡣰鲻Ǹ鲣Ͽʱ˹˹ģ¿û³̺ȺȾƣһڰǸƾ׵ͬԣ֮ĬҲûɵĸѡ˳Ĭ鲼װʧ䣬Ҽװ̫壬ôĨȥҲʧΪһ¡ 
һûԫĿΣһҺ⡣һʱҸԫĺ٣ֻȥԺҰ鲵ʱżΡһ壬Ǹͬѧһǰ̵һ꣬ȻУˣԫߵ˸С̣ʱʱǽʵ¶ֹѪǯʲôġԫڸԺҸһ𼸴κ󣬾뷽跨ͨ£ʱʱð鲸ӵ㶫붬ԫð鲸ҿһޱΪǰ鲸ģ߶߶ûȥϡ鲿˲ģ˵ʵ˵ԫô御ˣ˵ллɣ˵鲣Щ㲻֪ 
ʱϵıͦį 
һ괺ǰҵ﷢£һл͵Э͹㳡ʽΪҲǳֹٵСɶʽ컹ȥʩֳҰѵڵʽյûȥ鲿˵ҴȫñлǰҵԱһվũ񹤡ڶ£Ҳڵʱ㲻ʲôȴԺ΢Ӱ졪Դϱ߷侯ӡ 
Դںŵٲ׵ĲȥһĴѵõػݣһҰ¶˹һСһͦ˵ؾͻˣ˵ͷͦðѵǸ缸ܾ۵ô룬ô˵Ҳһݡһ飬Դӳºûһúþ۹ǳ񶷵ѾҶϵһԴģǹϵҲѾƮ̣Ҳúþһ۵ʱˡ 
Լʱʹһ˵ܴô 
һڵ绰Цޱȣ˵ôأ㻹 
˵ǣǶʶҾ´Ť 
һ˭ 
˵ǰ鲡 
һ£˵һΪ˭ԭ 
˵ⲻﲻô 
һ˵ʲôģ¶Ҿǲ࣬ڰ鲣СʱͲ¥ǵһûʲôģ˵ܸϵôһͦο 
ЦſЦ˵ǰɣʲôʱô˴ˣʱҰ˴Ǹ 
һЦ˵˵ʲôأԴɣСʱ鲱νձ˼Ҿžñ׷˵ﻹǺء 
ֺǺǵع˵绰ðݣϰµǣŮѻؼҺõ˳һж̤ʵˡ 
˾ۻ죬ǰԼʼţΧ͸ҪȥƵġ˵Сӱ˸СϱƵģ㵱ֺᵶأ 
鲵˵ҽȥҪٺᵶԴһң 
˵ûϢ㣡 
˵㶮ʲôж¡ 
Ҹһ·ֵص˸ԴԼõ¥һȥͿ¥µĺɫ󱼣һЦеڳϺšһǰһƤŲЬһɷǵķ 
һˣ 
ԡֱ׳ش 
ͱ𿪴󱼰ֱáҸƶ 
˵㡣һ˵俴Աߵİ鲣Сӣ˹˲ٰпùܹܷӣǻȺ˾ʣ㻹ˡ 
һͻȻ˵ôһͦж˾ûð鲵ˡ 
һԴ͵ˣһڣͷû߶һһûϳԴϢʱҸһŵһҺһ˵ԴСèİ·ôû˵аԴù˧İȫү㹴˭أԴһ⻰ٺЦ£С͵͵һǱ 
˼ҹңûķݶһ˵ЦǺǵؾͰԼĸ첲ԴϴɫȻ 
ҾԴڲôؾͶϱˣ˵ҪϱҲѡһɫҲһɣô꽻飬ôҲֲչİ㵱껹ȥ͵ˣ 
һǸ첲§øԴƵģޣ㻹˼ұɫΪǰأ 
ԴһȣҲˣ 
 
13  
13 
һ鲣ô˾ǰأϹˣ 
ǰ鲣ԴĿ࣬ϸѰ鲸һ󣬡㣬仯̫ûϳ 
û䰡ǰǸӡҲŴ˰鲼ۡ 
óоȫһ˰ոҿվǺ߻ΪǱҵĿءԴԴ鲣û뵽 
Сĵ㣬Դû׼ǰ׷ˡһЦ塣 
ԴҸ㣬ҵˣҳûڰ鲸ǰ 
٣ʲôʱҪˣ鲲мĿңҺԴɽһ߳Сӻڳء 
СƨԸرԴ˵˵ôС۵ôͦõģģͦ˵ġ 
仰˵ͦģҡһЦ𣬴žָоˡ 
ǼһȾƣϺغ٩ұİ鲸һŲҷֵȫ顣Ҿ˵ֶǹ棬鲸ԴСʮ꣬ͽһپƾȻܺȳ֮ˡһһع˸ʷڳһϧļƣȫ岻졣ұɽһЦ̼һһ㶵ģһʲô˵ҺûҪһ׼ǰƬȥҪǰǶ˼һĻǰЩƲĵԿ 
Ⱦͷת˻⣬ֵҸһ˺٩Ҹһְҵ٩֣Դ鲶һһ㶵ġһȵ˷˾ͳ˵Ҳɻʲôһģһնļ𷽷һ˵¶ѱ߽˶Сһȸ§ԴɵЦ˵ԴˣҲ㰾ɵͷˣû»ܵٲһ¡Դһ⻰رӵؿ˹һһۣٺٵغЦ£͸Ҹ 
ˣô£ոǻ˵İɣ鵱ԴǵôͲΪΪһ 
Цɿеˣҹʲôʱҵúúȥ 
ٺǶȵеߣ˵ʲôҲǲˣҼǵúֱʱҿЦһ˵һҲǰҵĵ䷶ˣʲôʱҲθɰ 
һ˰죬ͷ˵ɡ 
ҲˣΪʲôСֵ̫ˡ 
һκ˵ֵܲŲأ̫ɾ 
˵ţ 
һԴһƫԴˡ 
ܺӡ 
ŷȫѣӡлûʲô̫£˭֪ڶһ͸ͬһŴϡ 
һ˯˴룬һͦ°ǳ״̬ 
һ߱ҵı˯ͦ޹һҸϣ·Ӷģ˿ҾͲסشԼԴСʲôأ 
еһһ˯ȥͰѰ鲸Ūˣһ˫˯ңǣô 
Һ۸˯ħ϶Ϻȸ˾͸һؼˣһأ˯ 
Ҹؼңңһ˯ӣֹסشҡұòɵ۾ȥһƯ޷Ŵ˳ǰһѣ 
šһش 
һ˯һŴˣʣǱֹġ 
㵽ʲôҲͷش 
鲱һӾˣ˵ʵûôŰɣ 
һ£ʲôаôţ 
鲸ˣҺûи㡭 
һˣһͷȥʲôأ 
鲿ͦίҲǸ˼ 
һ쵽Щʲôأ̫㡣̲ס˵ 
û㣿Ǳͦɻ󣬡ӣҪʲôţҲֲ˵ˡ 
ұ⻰̣Ϲ˵ҪʲôҲҶ㡣ҴҶԸСֱǴ´ࡣ 
ʹɡô˵һĲŻ˶۾бңֱǡĹ 
㲻ǰɣһӲ֪ʲôˣתˣʲôȫһˣ㿴˵Ҿͳѹȥ鲻Ⱦͱҷס˴ࡣҰס˫֣ǻڡӶᣬáҷ˫֮շתҿı飬һᷢʲô顣ɿҼ㶵ضңٵıϢϡ 
Ҫ췴ˣڻعʹӵڡ 
ţһҿУס첲뷴˳ȥһûóѣһѾӾͳ߹ӱԵûңŶһٽУ˵̫㡣Цһ˳ƾϥǵסҺذַֻסƾ㣿˵ʱСӻ֪Ķǹء 
仰ˣаġһΪòòǾͲ˵ˣԫȻҴɿ͹һ˲ţ˵ŴôһϵҲ̫ԶʮʮаƵؽŮѣ˵ϲˣ֪ûУԴϲϰ鲲ǿϡ⻰˵ҿԣǰ˵ҲУ⼸񻹲Ϊ㣬㻹ң̫̫̫ûˡ 
ȻֻṆ̀һûӺʱ鲴սҶԱңո˭˵Ҫţţ 
𾢶ңôذɣþˣ 
ҲŰͫأһ־Դһࣺ̫㡣˵ɿңԼһ߶ȥһ̵ϣˡ 
ܴͦ죬ôҲǵĳθףȻ˵㣬ɻһƬİôġ 
ڨڨؿҴͷһ֧һ֧ȫûз鲳鵽̵ʱҲ֪Ķȥһһ㶣˫۶ؿңһȫϣԣȥͶ졣̶ŵˣſҪ˵ҳûͷȥһͻȻˣҾһ棬ٽظ˼¡ҰǱŲŲϥҲŹ˫֮䣬ȻͻȻˡ 
ҲŲˡ 
鲡ӲˡС 
ߺأ㻹ǡ 
ǡǡ̽ 
ϵϨˡ 
ǵõĬһ㣬ϲȥ֫ʼͬһҰ·°ڣһòס鲱һҲҵ֣һֻȹз˵ơҺòռսԸߵһû飬Ҫѹô곤ǰˣĶ顣ȥǯһֻͷסһǡ鲱׵еԺνʱСȹʺݺݵزһ£Ұѳֲס 
˵Ҳˣ鲣ɶԼеġ 
ҸҪȥţпӣ׹ػʱҴͷͻȻһɽ죬ҺͰ鲽һ 
Ĳ鲻Ըȥӵ绰ǱߴԴͷʣʲôʱ 
ȥĶɶͷԡ 
Ƕİɣ첻˵˽һ͸һȥ⹫ŵôˣԴҡ 
 
лҪ˵Ҫ֤ٶȿҪһ¡ϣûеͲǼ֧֣Ϲ~  
14 ּ 
14 
Ĵ⹫Żرϼȥ֮ǰ˵Ҹǻȥ˵㳤ôҲûǱס죬˾ĶǱأͲȥ˵ˣ裬һġ 
Ҹ⹫ŶĴʮĻƱֱӴúӱȥҸԴ˵˵ʱһȥǡ 
ȫˡ 
һʱ䣬˵һ̣ʮķɻʱȥúӱüϾΪװТΪȣҲ¶ԼġȽϣƨܵԡȥˮ·塣 
ǰر鲣ĶҲȥúôŵһ 
һۣ 
ҳʱûӰѰ鲷Ǽңһ¥һԼԴһᰡôҸˡ 
ûգȥʱֻܴ򳵣ʦһһߵ˵Ϊ˽ͨȫ˰Сʱŵ³ʱֵ룬괺һðѳѧˣֶ֣ǳӺ濴žײģ˭еײҡ 
ҵʱԴѾվڱſˣŹһĴ󱼣Ҿһ䣺СĶȥˣ˶ˡ 
û¶Ҿ˯ͷġһػ͸飬Ҳ̫ˣôҡ 
û㣬ԼȸƿӴסһһ˷ܾܴŤȥˣһȺΧſҶ˼˵ʶ㡣 
һҲŤˣУǺģŤɱҾʣһҲֵˡԳ˵Ǻһôȥģ˵ҲɶһԴAͷĴ󱼡 
£ѵƺݳԴͦȻͣһ£Сڻɴϻܹء 
ŶӦһСӻǹôȥզͲ¾ƺݳվûϸʣԴ̫ˣӵèצƵġ⻰̫УǰѹûԴⷽ򣬸οԼèţʼֱѰ· 
ҸԴһ⹫͵ǣŶһ·ߵţ˵ˣǻȥɡҸԴתҪߣͻȻסңԥԥֶһ䣺 
괺ҪԫԸʲôġ㻹ȥɣϸˡ 
񣬲֪ôش 
̾˿չ֡ 
⻰˵ͷһ¡ 
֪ţǷĻȥɡҳǻӻ֡ 
ӻԴңո˵ô£ 
ͷûʲôҰˣԺҽ 
ԴһЦⲻͦôСʱΪûֻϱ۸ 
ǡ軳ܵʱûҡǺԭˡҿԴһۣԴҪΪǺ᲻Сۣ 
Դһ˵ǺӦõġ 
ҵ֪Ƶصͷ 
վҪԭµġ֣¶ı䲻ˣǺżǺҲ͵ˡԴ̾˿㲻ܼǺһӣҲԸǰѾԭô 
ˣ֪Դ˵Ķԣ¶һʱڸϽܲˡ 
ʲôأԴҲ˵ҡ 
ûҾ㼸զһӾôأҸƤЦ 
ɶ򰡣һ쵽վѵûֻԴϹ¡ЦЦѰǻҹվڣԲʮһûУֻܹŲϹ롣Сʱһ뽫ɶ룬һԴ 
ôôû׷أͲ¥ǵ¶ͲģϷпɩӰ 
ɩӣɩӵ˻ûأĶȥԴ 
ٰɣûСб 
ģûСַġ 
ûУ 
ѹûСһҡԴСһֱңʲôʱйŮѣ 
ԴҲ̫ˣĶûУҼ 
Դסˡ 
ҾϷ 
˵ûС˰ش 
ûʲô 
룬ûȥġԴͦ˵ 
ұ仰Ƶһһ㶵ģԴͦ鰡 
ԴЦЦû˵̾͵㡣뱻˴ı־ԶȻûб䡣ҺʶȤûһ£ڳĬһ·룬һԼˣԼеСè壬Ϳ˭ô¶ 
ҸԴصʱһʱ仹磬͸Դ˵ǸɴȥԵ㶫ٸԴظԴ˵УҷݡԴ˵Ҹݴպһٵˣ˵Դ̫ˣӺôۼǧأҸǮ 
Դ˵ãҲɣ˵ȾǹһСӳǮһûúдأֵĺΰ 
Դһ·ӲקſһƷ£Ŵغ;ȥˡСһǿ󱼣̬ȶ˼֣迪Żʹʱ΢Ĳд費ҵѵ͵ڼ󣬱ǻҰܼȥɯܲ 
ǰһغſƷζܴİµA6ͦ죬һʱû룬ſڴź۵ýͰҸԴȥˡвͻͣ˵вͰ̫壬迪ôҶԷθˣ˵治˵ɶ˼һЦ˵λ˵ձõвߡ 
غ͵ĲƵĲѧҪȥвȴܽȥ迴һҸԴźഩһʳвѰ棬쵽ĿĵʱͻȻһۼ鵽һϤ 
ȻҲ鵽ˡ 
Ҳ鵽ˡ 
Ҳ鵽Դˡ 
ѩĸ˶ͦиļ 
һᣬһͦոͳȥˡνǿ벻̣ޱޱʬǻδأҪʵȥ  ľͲģ 
ǣӴɡԫͦεسҴк 
˭㣿Ǹͬѧкġ΢ЦŵһۣԴŵŮӣ棬þò 
һƯЦݽϡ 
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15  
15 
ҸԴŶӲŶúӱϣAͷĺɫ󱼣ǹˮ硣 
Ҹ̡ƵسԴ˵ 
ԴĬĬ̺һϪӸң˵ֲ顣 
һۣϡ 
Դ԰ҵȼ̣ 
һڣûҹΣ˺³ûǺšԼ³һе̵츳 
ںµس˰֧̣ͻȻȻþȫϵİ֧úȥ˺ѷεغ裡㹷յĻ쵰Ժȫֹסضô׵ 
һĨһ룬ԫС۹ƨ£ҳԱ˳ŵޡ 
Խô룬ȴԽġҾһҺǱ긽ˣۿʳȫȪ֮µίԫһӣҪҡ 
ԴƲҿޣֻ߬ţͣԴһۣЦԫִ绰ˣһ°ɡ 
Һһû˵ 
Դ̾˿Ұѵ绰ˣ˳˸ 
ԴԼֻԴսͨҾһǱһ𣬾˵ʲôû壬Դϸ˵û¶Ҹȥ⹫ؿĳڷӻе¶ҵûûһͻ㲻óɣ˵ʲôһܰ㳵ôģ 
Դ绰һ侲ҴҴ˵ģӱ߷ǻǻȥɣë˷š 
ʪ۾֪Ϊһٱᡣ 
Դ̾Դֽϳˡ 
£߹һϳԴһ䡣 
֪ˣ¶ұԴ޿κεЦЦᷢ˳Ķȥ 
ĿĵŴ⣺㣬һ˳ԱȫҲ 
Դûޣֲķһ˻ȥֱһŰһˡ 
ҸԴʱһˬվԼС԰СԼ֦Դ£ԴûզģôòŻһӭϵң־ϲģӴⲻô̺öûˡ 
ԴѳԿֱҹһϣȥֹ䡣һ԰ּңôˣѽЦһ 
ҵһۡ 
һˣıŸֵ˵Űǣ֣ԭĳãûϵôܹûУ㣬ڻСۣһƽɶ 
һԴüͷ 
ԴҸ˵ءһԴһ֣µýһ壬ʣͱҲ塣ⱲӶĹʲôһšôҪùⲻȥһӼȥ 
һҹԴһץסһקȥüظϽģ 
ҹڹһǼҳԵģʮ˯ڹһһһֻӣȫǰšһ˵ӴӿСԵͦð˵ǵȻûҳôٷôһһûϲͷ˵û˷ߴ˰ɣ˵ֻ˶Ҳ˭ҵ͵ء˵ҲֻгҼ飬һͦ˦ֻҡҷռһʲôð갡ȫǹ֣¾ͼˣٶһ滹Դ֣ͦԵص㿪Ϳ 
ʲôô棿һҡ 
ҼԴĶϱءҶ 
˱˸ҡһеš 
ҰⷴӦϸû죺УҵÿҶ˵Щʲôٶ˵ġ 
Уٶˣ˰ɣһ漱ˣ־ֻ 
ͲˣֻܣһҺ׷ҵʱûô࣬ΪץԴһСӣ⣬ߴܻԴĶŵ㿪ſ˼֮Ҳֹ֪ץסǵСӣ˵Ӷ߬ˡ 
ͣˡһûɲסһͷײұϡ 
һѰֻˤڴϣֱֱŹһô£ 
һ۴ϵֻ鵹̹Ȼˡ˵ߵɳ£ƸԼ˺裺ô£ϵ˼ 
㷷һ㹻Ӱ㣬һΪЩʵʵҶ⡣ 
ҶҲǴӣӯҪһĵҶӣҪ̴Ǯܾܲ 
ǮǮǮǮˡڴϿ 
ӣŽɽˣ㲻֪һ˲վҲȰңϴֲɣǰڵǹһˡǻһ׬һ죬׬ײ׬ 
ԴٲҲ⣿ 
šϵúˬ죬Դȥ˾Ǽ侯٣ڱ߾ϻҲЩ 
ڵ㣬ԴҲŵ汳б 
һЦŸָֻÿõٶ 
ҲһɻΪΪǮ 
һһסˡ 
û˵ƣôš 
һü΢΢һ£۵һ˿ˡ 
۲˵ͷȥ˿ڲ裬¶ô˵ͦΣգҾԴǣҲҲͽ 
֪Ҳᵽ˵ԼСŵ㣬ϾǵԴ¡̲סֆ¼䣬Ҳǣˣиǧ˰ıؼ϶á 
 
һҴӹһǼҳһһ·˰죬ܾʲôʹ졣ʱֱǼҡ 
˾ԺſڣڱŲҽһ㱨ң˭סĶĵԪһƣ˰죬˵հףס¥ģ绰һ˵ˣ׼֪ڱشȥҴ绰ھǱ׳ŵҲᡣ߰˷ӣҿԶԶعˣ˼ض̴£Ư־ 
ҿ鲾һɵ֣֡鲹ңôˣ 
£ˡߡ 
Ķȥ 
Ķߡ鲳ʱûףҾץֱҿڴûţǣǰʯķߣһ·˭û˵ͦá 
ߵʱͣһѾƽͲ¥ﻹе᲻áڿڴĦ֣ͷȥ 
ʲôأ 
СʱԴ汻ᡣ鲺شҡ 
ҺٺЦŹطżûˣɿһ¡ 
ͦȵؿңβŻ񣺡ʲô 
ûشè͵ƵĻ顣ҸĿĵЭ͵ĹرһǰǰиСӰԺڻڲ 
һֱڣƵ㡣̧°ǰָָ 
УǿӰȥһ·ܡ 
ʯǰֵĵӰԺʮ꣬ӳĵӰһдںľϹҳǰһŰӻɣڿȷʵסҸƱȥС˸Ҳû¿ҸһŵСͰ׻š˵Ҽ״˵֪ʲôǸһѰҳĸо 
 
16  
16 
Ӱǰ볡һֱű׻ԣ̲ס˵ܱܲ֨֨ƵġҰһ׻ӽԹԵر˿ڡʱĻϿʼŴϷտʼûôأϷӺǰһС°ѳֲס˾ͿʼԿУͷҺͰ鲸ǰΣһķ͵͵һۣĿбӣջĿ⣬ȥֱͣ°ɵĵط 
ûҿ鲡һû֨ҿʼȦſϸġܸܵȣڿһʼûн̸ҲûĿҾ˳Ӧ鲵ֻһ·̽ס֡ 
̲סƺһ 
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ұɵشаСɫת̫ͻȻܲס 
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ұǵԺҪƮƮɣͣͷ­ͣϷϢϡ 
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лӵ۾˵ȥȥȥ˭ϡǵ齫ǮҸޱޱҲʶȥʱҶһֽǮ 
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ͦƵؿǸܹͯȥ 
Сģл˸Ӹҡ 
ɣҲᡣҰ˰֡ 
һ¡л 
εվãѵһӡ 
أлЦõؿԶС 
ҰӸͯ˵Ҳᡣ 
óҪлƵҡ 
Ҵô 
Ҳ˵лһָۣ֪ʲô°ָָߵΡ 
Ҳ֪Ҿǿվš 
л̾˿̫˿ˮ۾ңɽˡ 
û붯Ҿƽҽ¹ʡźˮ 
̱δˣǵôлңС־ǸʦǮ֣˶ãҲΪ 
ʶɽôҴߣԼȥ 
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ܹҪǮҪҶǸԺܰߣһ߰鲾ˣⱲӶҽˣ 
СģҲ֪Ǹʲôˡл̫ Ѩ˲ֻһֻɣᣬҽԡ 
㲻֪鲵츳Ƶ˵һ䡣 
ҲûʶɽֶΡлҧĵ̣裬Ҳδضù 
˵ˣûһ˻лʶˣָ֪· 
лԴ˰죬̧ƤңɽմڵˣҲȥ˻ˮ 
׼ҾؿлģҲ鷳 
лβ˼˰죬ֳ̾˿иɽйһ˵ûУ 
ʲôҵɵӶˡ 
¶ҿֻܰƽлüͷƵ˵ 
 
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ҵʱλЦͬƶ˵ƨûкᣬɽʲôˣ 
ͬǸˣ㶵˵ɽ˭ 
һƲ죬ûټȥ 
ɽײβʵģϺ֡лиǶǮׯ֪ɽ㷹û¾ϲѰǿģ˵ĵͷ߸ͣǮׯֵһŴͻ˵ɽµ͵͵ٵ͵ӲΪ潵ûƷ£˽*ʲôġ˵ɽµһѣⱣھһǿţֲܵӵ 
һȻܺһ컨׹ƽƽ붼Ըȥġ 
Ҹһ߶򳡾͸һ˵绰һϻûУ߳˵¸ɽˣչһˡ 
һһ㶼֪ˣ 
֪ƨ̲ס 
ҹһֵߡ 
ҰָͷŽҧһ㵽жڣ 
һûĴ󱼣ֱŷɻ͹ˡҿųȥһ°ɫСŽ˶һ飬ǰǸģֻݣһĹͷ· 
һһڵıδ󺺣Ҳ֪ǱڡǰҲʲôһͼɫ˲ͣţгվŵȫһȺװƷƵģ˹һһü˳ۣ硣 
ҿҪ磬תͷȥһͰ㡣 
һһۣϳ˵ 
һҵĳǰҶһ˳ţޱȣҺϻڣһػں棬ڸмǿ 
ʲô̰ǣһ߿һ룬ͳûҲİɡ治֪ǻعһһǺȾôģû׼ڰҡ 
ȸ㣬Ҹɽ͡һ˵ 
ָǵϵ£ 
šһƮƮشһǰߵķϴɽݰӵֵܣҺ֮ϵͷѽΡ 
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¶ֵеɽһֱû̬ҲûңϻǺܺġ˵Ұ׷¼ңҵĺǹȫǶǷֲá 
ҿһۣһͻȻ˵Щ治Ӧ 
ʧˣЦҡ 
ĶأСӾʹûʲô㲻ġͣͣ¶ҵ㡣 
˾ˣҪҲѹǱӦһͦ˸еؿ˿⣬ҴûҪޡ 
ұ˵Щѹ 
ε¶ɴС˵Ǹ鸾ҪԳ棬ɽŸ¶϶λ𡣡һһ£ҪӲҲ˺Ƥ׸ 
ʲôơҰһ䣬εҽ¹ʶС¶ֲӻ㿷 
㲻֪һƣ̫ ѨҸǳ¡ 
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Ҹտ˸ͷһæѻˣԴͦõġ 
ϵǱ졣 
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ûð֪ҿǰ 
ʲôһɵͣϵĶ 
ûð֪ƽɽ¡Ȼûҿһ㡣 
¨Ӳͱµôһе顣 
ϵģҪԼ˼û֪Ҳ֪ҹ˹һһۣ֪¹ǣɽ 
衭һ˰죬վûڣУ壬֪壻үǶһ˿ 
һسĬһͻȻѻûŵˤˣڳָҵıǣΪҲ֪԰ʲôģǻӾˣΪҿζػҶȥƾʲôΪҪ㣿ƾʲô 
һһֻȥı 
һ˦ңǣҿڸǶϲŸ㣡ôãÿ˶ƽȵػر㣡Щ˼һӶˣˣ˵꣬Դ͵͵ˡ 
֪˵ңʹ飬ǽǧ֮һ 
 
21  
21  
Ǳһ̹Ҳû飬ѹûҽԺ̸⳥Ĵ㣬ڸԺ˻ؼҵڶͰҽԺˡûлͷԺǱһ˳Ϳʼҽ¹ʼҼת绰һһ˵õõ֪ˣô㼱Ҳʦ򣬷ȡͥǰͽ˰ɣ˵ң¹ʼһ鲾ˣͽҲûáһŭ˵֪ˣض࣬׷۵ĲǸ˾ģǰû£˰ɣ 
һĲ΢˵㡣 
ǼģۿŶҪһ򰲶깲ŵעҺϤٵҽԺͷͷҲ쾾ѧҺͰ̸ǸǰеĲǼɫҲÿСҽȻ׾ͻ춼ûͽҪָŪò°뱲ӶòӡȲ˵̱£ܷѶһʣҽ¹ʼίԱ͹ΰҽ¹ʣȫĻ̻һӡ 
ڼЩʱͱ鷭ĵӢĵģֻҪմż財ҿۣ˵˵ô̱˭ûۣ˵Ǵء 
ɫɷף۾Ȧ˵ǲ˸оʧƽڴ̽ڶϣ˵ܲôɣ 
˵֪㡣 
һˤ飬ȦЩ죺ң˼ҲңҪǲ֤ⲡҵûϵξҵģǾ֤εã֪֪֪֪ 
һҧסı֪֪ 
ҵӲ˵ 
ȥģ鲣ȥġҶҲԼ˵ 
 
һݲʹظߵʱû֪Ϸɻ˲ŸҴ˸绰еۣӣ鲵¶Ǹ㶨ˣİɡ 
ɽɿˣ 
͵ŽɡûشңӣϷɻˡԺڰ߶ŶСҲǸҽģԺô 
ھҪˣͦ棬һ˵С 
ɣֲϡһٷһǺǵЦЦӱȽϹӻһȥء 
Сĵ̲ס˵ 
֪¶һǱ˵ǻʾˣٷȸǷţ괺һҪֲһ䣬Ժ˵¶ɽҪˣҡ 
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ҽ¹ʼһ45죬˵45ѰɽһǱʼûţҵţȵ﷢ëż½ڼǰµͨѶ¼ؿֿ˼Ȧҳһλܸҽί߶ˣ赽Ƶģҽѧ˸Ӵһ 
л㱼뵽ԫȴվǴͷ 
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һڶֵԫֵࡣĵѩ㻨ȥҹûԺžͿһ120ХҴȥ뿴ͼŵ̧Ѫģһţ˵һպȶ˾ƴ¥ˤˡ 
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һƣԫѾվǶˣô¶һӦˣԫȻġ 
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ѧԫƽ 
Ƶҽ¹ʼû⼸쾫һֱã 
רҵʣԫҵͺһ䡣 
һ㶣ԶƳѾ˹Ҫǲţ·Թۡԫ仰ңԼתȥˡ 
һҡ 
ҵһο鲹ӣַס˰òԼָǿкƤԣ˫ͫ3.5mmⷴӦʧ 
ԫʡ 
΢ 
ܣء 
Ѫѹ 
120/80mmHgHR 115bpmһûͣвѪ١ 
עڳѪCTûУ 
㷺ĤǻѪȫ͡漴һСˡ 
ԫ˰һۡ 
׼AѪ鲻ͷһ 
׼עдѪܡԫ 
­ô죿̧ͷԫ 
­ѹѪܾɣעûԸˡԫ˵߷ԸʿҰ 
һš 
֪ˡ鲺ܿӦ 
ϸȫ顣ԫ˵һ䡣 
鲲̧ͷ 
һ㣡ԫ񶽴٣һѧ 
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û⡣ԫ䲻˵һ䡣 
̧ۿһۣһڣʼܡ 
û˵ҽʿػصʮæµǿһСҽæڲСϴʯ࣬ƺû˹ȥע˲ܵİ鲡Ӻҿԫֹʽŵʼڲ˸µ㶵غЦһ¡ 
ЦʲôЦûءæ֯ԫ˰һۡ 
վԫԱߣѪǯ 
ҾҲпȥıҪĵ˳ 
ԫ˵ĶԣҲɰ鲵רҵʡ 
賿˫۲Ѫ˿ػصֵңƮһɵѪζ 
Ҵӵϵ˯ô 
ȻˣICUšǺӸζˤɶˣԫܸ 
հ鲵֣е 
ոȥ֮ǰҸѩ㻨Ͱţڻȵأ㳢Ͱҿ㡣 
ЦЦҨϣͷң㻹ͦˡ 
Ҿͻ㣬һءҴչȥ˴е̣ȵʱϸ 
Сһڣɡ 
ʲôлɰ֪ǮһôЦ˵ 
ҷ˾Ǳﲻáһۡ 
ǣҵΣͷ˰ɡ 
鲲˵ͷȥڶˮմЩ۽ëϣغǺÿһת˵ʣôأԫҲЩȥɣ˾¥ 
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Ҫȥȥ˯ȥˡҪߡ 
ӣҡ 
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ϢʱҽۣûžֱӴ绰ֻȥӣ鲵ǻȸԾȣ 
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ʲô̲ס 
ȵҿǱһ󻩻ֽǰ鲻֣ϲȷָղǡӲĤ֤ʾ̱йء 
Ŀɿڴ 
Ǳ߱ǹûûҵ¡ְֻܹڼڶ 
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ͷһ˭õһȥŪϵֱεºܰ 
ϵ¶ң˵ˣҸǱȻģ롣һң㣬˵ɽ֪㣬ϾƤӵ£¶ǵСĵ 
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ӣԲסˡһ̾˿ 
˵ʲôأʲôԵסԲסģ˵鲵¶Ƕ㡣˵˶٣ڹּһ䣬㡭Դõ 
һ˵ˡ 
Ҿõôˣһˣ˼ڱ߾Ϸ紵ɹΪأЦ˼ң 
֪ûЦһһ䡣 
һ֪ҼһҸ㣬Ҹ㷢Сô꣬СתתҶ֪ʲô 
Щ¶ܣԼϽȥİ鲰ɡһ˵һˬчRһ¹˵绰 
 
ҽ¹ʼ۸һڣѧҾԵͷð鲿ʼרҵת⿪ʼǿơ⡢⡢⡢ء⡢һ·ָҽǰơǶʱҵĿҵҲأߵͳͳʼΣ껹һԫѧѹҿ촭ӽĩǶֲʱ䣬Ҹ鲾һһɳϷӣëһֱչڣʲôҪ첹ҵһӦȥҷ룬ȥ뻹ڲڡ 
ҾסڰƽС׷⹫úӱסţƽʱҲôϷתƣҾõһ쵽鲵ķܣÿζֶ֣һСȥＸһҵļʲưľͲ˵ˣһΰ鲴ɨӵڳһ߹ǣٵǰȥȡ 
û˵ͦðĶģ󲹰 
žذѹͷһţ˵ʱô߹һء 
һ˵ӡ˵ŶŶŶˣϿͷÿ˳ָûˡ˵ߴӶͳһһ˸β׵ָܵ氡㿴 
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һһ㿴ֱħƵͳһ֧ 
Һ 
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ҲǶԽ䰡һ£ҪԺҾͱС 
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ײײˡ鲺תңԼײġ 
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Ա߼·ˣһָָ㣺ֶ֣ײˡ 
鲸ίίشӳһ˫ˮҡ 
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СŶһͷؿҡ 
Ҫ˵ǮǶԲס֣ҴⲻˡҳСһصͷ 
鲿ְҵϰȥͷӣСһ㿪ˡ 
ҸȥһͻȻӲԶû¶ˣˮСװˡ 
һ㶣ķ򿴹ȥһʮ˳߹һҶüһаһ飬һɳѿڶӣ 
Ҳһ㶣ࣿ 
ǱײСҲˣӴ磬ʶô˵һ°Ҹײģ 
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Ҿиһһģ֪ʲôˡȫ£ڼ֮½ٵϲϰ鲣ԭ˾Ժˡ 
࣬ԭµġ 
鲸ǸǶҸֱ졣 
 
 
23 Э 
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ƣ㵭죬ǳ˵һӲϡҪǱԴһ֪ҺҪһȾƣȥء 
ҿصһ˿ŵɳ⵱ֻˣһѧҡѧ̫ϾҵﲻãϽˣѧڵ绰ͷʮغɽ죺أΪʲôҵ绰Ķ 
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·ϰ鲸˵֪ﲻʹ죬鶼ȥôˣͲܷһţ 
˵ܣ¶ûҪô໮ޣҪôɢ 
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лܣ³кǣô¶ǣ 
񺣼ЦЦСģոл˵Ҫ绰֪ͨأֻһֱûͨ 
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Ҳǿž˵ҵǮСͷ㻹ȿԼɣһһ㡣 
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ҹѾˣ紵еһл㱵ؿǰУ;·ֵַɽ󷹵꣬ͻȻеЩᡣ 
裬롣 
ɪıһ·ţڶˡ 
 
24 C21H23NO5 
24  
һƬɫӻü 
򿪵ӣǵ˵Э͹ũ񹤼¥¼һֲˣˡϵлͱһѻͲ¼Χţ㲲ߵǲ޹ˣҴܣֹ˵ӡ 
ŵһĿǰѾԴ˰顣 
Ҹʦ绰黹ûлתءǱ˵ѣлֻܼϣƲͽ⣬Ǽ¥ֵôʡĴӶӣͽϣҲûˡ 
Эֻǧ򣬻û˸ʧСģͱȥ˻ˮˡοҡ 
лûˣ 
ûˡ̾˿һѾԺݽƲ룬Э͵ĵ׼ھֻˡ 
վ̨죬ڰ 
лѶ࣬Ҳﲻֻܸʩѹ鰸Ҳһ飬Ԥı˭֪Ҫǵ鰸лͷ϶óˡ̾һҲ̫ģ¶Ǹðβлȥ 
ҹ˵绰Ŀڶµûš 
ҸԼˮԡһģսˮãֻһһ졣ұòУëǰ鲴绰ɵЩʲô£ 
ǣ㻹绰Ǳߴһİ˵ʮµͣ˵䳦ز 
˭һأ 
ڼúõأû¶ҲһġЦЦǲһϼңӾ仰 
ȫѪҺ쵹ˣɽ 
СͷЦһ֮ڵңҪȻһƲľͲлˡ 
ʲô˼ҲɰθЭ͵¶ɵģ 
һû䣬ɽǱ߾ˡٴȥѾǹػˡ 
Ҿұϵİëһһġ֪ɽǲã¶ڻǳˣһôݡɽΪʲôЭ֣أô 
緢 
ԡڿվӣԼܳ嶯ܳ嶯ԽΣͷԽҪ侲ҸԼ˵ѾѧʱĽֱ߻ˣ¶嵽˭ǰһ˺ҧܽġҰ¶ǰǰ󶼸һ飬һĵظԼ˸٣Լʲôʲôö⣬ߴ·Ὺʼ绰ǴһɽĻԭⲻظ͵ˡһķɽһޣɾ䣬ûҰѻ˵˵绰Ҹúӱ˸绰˵˸˵ˣǰһҰ⹫˸Ϧȥģһȥ£ͳǮһֱ֪ͨĶԲסˣҪǸϽʰʰķɻȵȣһͰϵʽ 
ץԿ׾ߡǰҾǰһڣӻ˻ΣҸϽסſȴúͷһȡ۵һס죬ʶؿϣһƬɫ 
٣ʱ֭ 
ҲɾѪ¥±ȥʱҲܿ壬ǧܿ塣 
 
ҵһȥĵطǺƽС벻ĵط¥ʱ鲼ҵţһһƿš 
鲣ҽ 
ûˡ飬ߵң鲰ڴϣһֻܸ߸𣬰 ֱ۴ڵϣҼæܹȥ 
û 
ǿƤ˫ͫɡ 
һ߲ҿ˿ֱϣµۣ֪עʲôһҧὫ¥³塣 
ƽС븽Ժֻмӵ·̣Ҽᣬϣһжü 
ƵҽұŰ鲳ȥһȣ֮ڿơһ·ҽ߹ȥǱ֣Ѫѹ0/0kPa˫ͫ0.2cmˮ͵ңһһ³ 
ע䣬عƴﵽ300mgڿƵԬ̵ܼؿһۣոոǿļ˷ܼڽпݿ˺ѪҺƣδա 
ô£ҽԺúõءԬ򽻴겡ңǰ鲵ıѧ㣬˽¹ϵͦá 
Ҳ֪ϵˡûȫ˵ʵ鷳ҿ϶Լעġ 
ô¶ƽʱͦ˹İôĴ߶Ԭ˵ˣѾϵˣһ㡭עŵҡ 
Ӧһľƣ㣬ǶθѪҩûҵ 
СôˣθѪҡ 
һ㡣 
ɣַ֭ˣ 
һ㡣 
ҪҸˮ 
˽㣬ҵҩͳɡ 
Ԭһۣתҩȥˡҽ겻ڿϣһжجΡ 
ԬûҾͿȾͷƺƵһȺˡҶһͷ˽üĿһ̣Žǡ 
ɵ㶵վ˱Ƴһ䣺סá 
׿俴һۣأǣ 
Ӧһ׼ְҪ˵ʲô 
üͷʡ 
ûûУǱעġҸϽͣҽȥͼڼ 
Կף׽һӾץסص㡣 
ǣȥʱûųһ亹 
ʱԬҩˣŰ鲵İְֽܲ飬ҽΧҩƿߣ˼ţﻤţӦûǰȫġɽٴܲںžнĵλˣҪ֣鲱ſһžҲǳصģ鲸ǻӵܱˣå˿ɺء 
ҽԺԴеΣֻţһ緢ģ˵ȥѾϵãһǹһȥӻٹһеϸһȥɽ 
̫ Ѩ죬ҺԶ 
ټһһǰӵĺϴУΨһͬ߶˸ԴԴ·ɻʱקŹһһ첲һﱣûһоԴһ˵Ȩ 
ҼԴͦȣԴôҲˣӿϷˣ 
̽׼١һӱһ 
̽ʲôףҿԴЩԣ㲻û𡣡 
׳˸ˣػءһض˵׳ӾǴ󰡣һʮ٣Ŵڡ 
аԴúðաҹ̼һҲϴСˣһƵϵš紵ɹģи֪֪ȵ˶á 
һֺһԴͦŵؿһۡ 
һۿͦġ 
ˣ߰ɣɽءһӳߣҸԴں߸šһңİѰôˣ 
Цһע300mg٣˻ҽԺء 
ޡһݺݵһ䡣 
 
25  
25 
ҼǵϳпС˵ҸԴϲӹģһƫƫϲģһ˻רű۹⣬˵ӹ͹С˵ĸдúáǴҸԴ˶սһһˣѹһ˵ˣһľԣס˵ҺԴǾ仰ֱ˵ˣһʱû뵽ʲôĻ 
һ˵ڽɼȴԹ޾ 
ʵҲͦӹ׵һ׻ 
νĽ̫ңԶعѾ˻ˮԽԽˡ֪ԼСͻ룬Ҳûָ֮жϢطľ򵽵׻еġСʱڵǹֵ߳Ϻ̲͵˧˦ͷĶֱ˧û߶ˣ˼ǰû鲳⼸û¶ǶӵĻججҲֻ̾Ϣڽɼ 
һԴһ죬һ·ӻعһıʱնͦһǰſ棬ˣǰǹһӴıڳӣȮһػֶ֡ 
һڳ浭˵ӣǲͦң 
Ķأ˵Ⱳûޣ㣬Դ衣 
̧ҡһ̾˿ֶ˰ſڣҲǰϵˣҡ治֪ô轻 
˵һٰͶ̥ȥˣпôԴ轻 
һ˵¶ءԴˣ¶˵Ͳð鲳ٲףһ仰˵ͰŪˡ 
һԴһۣ㲻֪̫Ľͣ˵ˣѾˡǹֵܣҲŲܡ 
ϵʱҸһȥ磬ԴҲҪȥģɹһŲã˵һ绹Ҫظȥʲô˵ɽȥôԴû˵ֻнСĵҳŹһһȥ˵Ǹʲôأɡ 
һһ˵Ϊá 
˵Ϊô֪˼ϡ 
ҲŲȥһͷ˦ң˵߲ߣɽȼ˻֪Ҫʲôء 
Ҹϳǰڿʼӵһɨһۣ˵ǹˣȥˡڳһ£һ˵ҽǱûôɽǸʲôˣǶ΢嶼ӵ࣬αشȥǸ 
˵㲻ȥŵǰ 
һ˵ɽҪŪһǶָͷ¡ 
ұȿһ·ϵľɫĶ½룻ҾҵܻҴδҪȾָڵڲ֪ˣôİá 
һ·Ҹһ˶ͦĬһԴŴⲻ֪˭Ժﲻͣ鹹ɽһһҷŰɱǸõޱȽޡ 
ȥ֮ǰһרŸ۹ɽ⣬˵һҸ˩һϵ죬ʲô¶ֻܳ˵ôԼ 
һĿüӣŲ㣬ֻЩһ֪˾ͻزͷֻȥ᲻á 
㶣˵һ̫ˣɽȥ磬ҳȥҪǸ˵Ҳһˣƶûš۲˵ģ͹Э͵¶ѲҵĹϵ˵ôСһҽ¹ʣǨŭ㣬ǨŭңǨŭҲˣͷֱӸӵУûлͿЭһʮڣͶʲǧôҲӺף㣬¶һûл˵أҪ֪ЭǱŪģûݻˡ 
һڨڨ˰죺Ҳ̫ɽƯףزǳ£ЭͲײǹϡ 
һôɽЭ͵⣿ 
һһۣ˵û㲻ţƺðɣʯǿƤбĿ϶ɽǼ 
١û˵ˣ̫һ˫ 
ɽߵ·ӸҲһǵǹǰ߷ϴ⵶ӺȹѪơһڿڸ˵ϵ£ǰЩڧҲ⵶ϵλʱΪɽŴɱӵ׼˼һ¶һԺ˹ңֻ˵Ҫۣʲôûᣬ¶ôȥˡ 
ҸҲ棬ϻǺͺģûûиɽøֻƵģ˵ôһֱûϸˣڱĵطء⼸꺣ݵļ۱ѹһ÷ǽǵĴ󷽣ɽһӵֱӲĿϡҸɽ¶ƹʡСϣ¶֪ҸҪ 
֪һŲ֪Զ̾ϴ֣ڵһ±Ȼʰҡ 
˰û˵˰˵СĵɽҪĵԸ㡣 
֪һ΢˸һ£·ˡ 
 
ɽľɽϳɽ˵˾еĸһȥͺɽɫԼԺܴɽظ߶򡣹һĳ·ؿûɽլһԶʱ·߾ƾնһźɫϵγÿδ󺺣ǵĳ;Ϲ⣬йһµӻķɡ 
һɺһ 
е˵ 
ɽıǰͣ£ŲܿſںվһȺˡΪ׵ĸ߸ӿͣһƽüۣʷúܣ˵ӦǺÿɾǿе 
ɱ̫ء 
ҼһϮʽҶ泤ѪתǴӹ߳ˡ 
ͦ䰡㡣Ҳɻͷ۹һϵʽŽ 
һһۣ˦³ 
һˡɽ΢Ц̶ɨңϰ塣 
ϰͦڰһ³ƤЦⲻЦڴݵĻƱˣô·ƵģǲǿǸһ£ 
һǰȡЦҡ벻ⲻôɽЦŸ˸ƣλ롣 
һһüҽȥˡ 
ɽլͦӹףϺƵڿŪת¥ݣˮ׹֦εƵѪ߶ë̵̺أ¥һһӰľһȫȶƺüȦİ˼ҾߣһɳϹ⿿ʮü 
Ҹһ£ɽЦеظ߽֣ͼһŮӶض˸̴С̨衣 
ڱƷƷ衣֪Ҫصر˼ƷۡɽѪһС裬ұ²ɵģ֪Ʒмң 
һЦһն⣬ƷҲ衣 
ɽɫһŲ豭ڿͣһ£漴ЦǺõġ 
ˣϰߺնһɽ 
ɽɫ΢һ£²ѣͷӶ˷Ըһ䣺ϰն 
ŮӶڨڨػնϣһض豭һڡ 
¡һһüϰҪȱҴԼ 
һ㻹ġɽЦ̾һ䡣 
ҾͿ˸̫ƵȲ裬滺ֽš 
 
лҪ˵Ҫ㣬ٶȲ£Իظܻ㡣 
лʱһһһظҡ~~λͯЬֱ֧ģ  
26  
26 
ɽһ˫۲ȴÿÿ۲תʱƵֱƶ֣ʵеаšһһߺȲһ⣬ݵǾ㤣˵ϸµ˶ٿ¶Ū˶ٴķ߾͸˼Ƶģһ̸ЦҷʺǷ顣һ򾲣Ѿɽϰװľʣ˵бһƤЦⲻЦı顣˰еΣһȦڰAK47ɨɸˣ˭M16ֹǹأ¶أСģͷ˽иľţˡ 
ɽնһţ˼һҽԺİһǵϵл̫ͣ Ѩֹסʶؿʼ 
ɽ͹һ̸ͻȻð֣һ飬˼Ӿ˻ 
ǼΪֵ¶Ҹǰһ⡣ɽЦеŹһ˵Ů¡ 
һһۣһ˵Сı 
ɽһЦǸŮˡ 
һЦһ£ϰ壬ʲôֱ˵ǸģΪôԶɹΪȲ裿 
ҵΪɽ嵭һЦһһʱûסϼ͹͹ 
һЭ͵ҵֱܸ˵ɽ֪ΪɨһۣȷʵЭ֣һĲ 
ϰ壬Э͵Ĺɶ߶أô˵Ҳһ£һ 
ɽûֱӻӦһֻǳǳ˿ڲ裺һļҵһָҺЭû⡣ 
ɽ⻰˵ͦ¡ 
ҰϰҲΪ¶ɽתңϰвҵ⣬ʽתҲЩ 
ҲѪҵΪϴǮڻ 
ô˵ɽһЦһˣЩҲЩ 
Ҿ񾭶ˣҪаשһ 
һһЦЦϰ̧Ұ 
һ¶ҲڸɽһЦ컰˵ˣҲ촰˵⵶ʱΪʲôû㣬Ӧ⵶ӵʡҲͷôƽ˾ԭʲôҲӦòµõеӰйû׼˵һ֣ȥʲôһ治˵ 
һɽĿתϰ壬Ҳ֪ͷֵǮ300mgȻһһϻǹ۵ġ 
һ㶣һаɾʹˣ˵ֱǡĿšɽÿÿ˵ܴŵԵɵñ˭㣬һǺˡĥһ£Ǳҵǲ£׿СǸнʡίƽƽļ𣬹¶ˣɽбҲͨ»ȥע亣ǻɽ˳ǻûߣнһǹͷѹ˰һָͷǹһ˵һѰѱɽɽ±ڳԺڵĻһ϶Ķ֡ 
ô˵ҪƯףһЦﹲ徫һ 
һຣޱߣͷǰɽ˵֪ŷˡ 
ɽ˭أһ˾ӵ˭أһڴҲʡˣ㻹ƯףҲԼжˡ 
һϵͷծ١ɽĿ棬ԼڳƯ׻ʲô·ߣôȥ 
һеˣߺڵƯİס㣬ֵƷ¶ҵķ񡣡 
һҲΪáɽ̾һ䡣 
һ³ëˣã 
￩һ£עɽƣͻȻ뷢ʲôİҸһɷú˰ɽûӦЦЦ˵һ֪ƢЩ¶µֵ룬ⲻһ˵顣˵תתѪӣ һ¶ҵңƹʡĺϴһ·Ҳʶ 
Ҹ仰ʲô˼ûüϸĥһɽͻȻ˽ɽͦһۣ¹ɽ˵䣬ɽɫһ䣬ֱֱҡ 
ͷһɽѵôϬʱ 
Ϳ͡ɽЦݾʧ˵һ䡣 
ôϰ壬Ҳǳһ٣һЦſ 
̫С𡣡ɽ˿ңҽ£ǶвܣһŵǸ 
⻰һ˿үڻжˣôС 
ϰ壬֪պαصءһҪߣǰ¶˵㻹ллϰ壬ҪʱѰ׹͵ҽԺɾûôˡ 
ɽԵسһ£û˵ 
죬ɽɵüסˡһЦ 
һɽ˵ǲ̸Ư׵ÿһ£̸ 
ĲáһЦЦϰ壬ҿûôߡ 
 
һĳһɽʾԴ 
˻ôģǸˡһ˿ǰĺڱˣɧ 
ԴӳżһıڡʱɫѰԴһɫҰսװҪڽҹɫ 
ͳˣԴһɻ󣬡һ˵Ǳȥ 
Դ˧ĶģӻȥϷ߹Ȼǹ 
ҽȥһææһʲô簡˻˵ã 
ô¶ǣɽǳˣԴڳűǡ 
㿴ǵУû߰˷ֵİҸҴŷӵȥɽһ֮һɵĵ⣬СŽ״ڴǰǾнԼҶԵСֻ۱ֻڰ鲶ע亣ˣ˼û֡ɽĺ̨֪͵һʡȥ 
ԼèأͲ°һˣԴ˵ 
ô˵ʡʱӦûҵ¶һһһģ˵ûôɣ˵ҡ 
㿴ҸʲôҹҶ 
̫Ҷ˼˵㡣һЦŹšҵĶ䡣 
ǰ鲣֣¶СĵԴڳһҳļƣҲ֪Ҳ޳· 
ԴҲƯװɣһб 
ʲôСҲԴʡ 
һ㶣ûɶ 
Դֿҡ 
ֻܴˣɽһһƯס 
Դ˰죺ⲻⲻͦõôȻе 
ƨһڱˣԭתתβſԴ㲻֪ͱ˵ 
һôȥǳ֮ơԴ˵ҵǸģûǸ 
֪ˣԼһƵشһ䣬̧ͷ˿ɫˣϽϳȥһһȥҽԺء 
ȥԴһ䡣 
֪Ҫȥףû¶һݺݵԴһۡ 
 
27 н 
 
Լϼһ£绰⹫ţ˵ŴڣһȦҲˣɴǱ߶죬ʮֱӷɻϼҹ꣬Ͳһˡ˵ҲãʡϷȥģһ⹫ѪѹַˡңҪҪǻȥꣿ㿴ⶼûȥˡһᣬ˵˵ɣпͶʵĵƤҪ߲һ꣬˵ӣ㷸ôƴֲȱǮ㿴ˣŶ˵ţû¶ⲻû˵ʱҾͻȥˡ̾һ˵ã㼸˾˾趼ء˵֪ˣţ⹫ҲСĵڻ˶࣬Ƕ೤۶һ֣˵֪ҹűߵ·࣬Щ˵ãǱ塣 
˵绰Сִ˰鲵ֻػҲֻ֪Ķһįڨڨȥ衣ҼǵǸ豻ϴøˮʱһΣҴԡ￴ˮһֱĶеʱ䳤һʶʮʮÿÿعǸҹǾú꣬Щʲô˴ʫġĪİˣȴŰܡ 
ڶԼһһ𵽸Ժȥ鲣ԴȻûǲȥҵûʣһʱɫ̫ã˳ɾǡҸҽԺſ˵ˮͻȥһʲ֪Ѿת߸ɲˡ 
˵ǽ᲻ϰүӣһͻȻе顣 
Ӧòᣬæأûһ쵽ҽԺŶӡ˵Լ˵һûʲô 
ô˵֪¶ˣһһͦԵؾͿˡ 
Ҳ֪ⲻôҰһۡ 
ϱܵüţû¶۷ͻءһЦҡ 
գ־ȥŶ 
֪Ҳҿһۣһûüش⵱Ԭ귿ӲҾкǣ 
ҵͷ㣬ôˣ 
ѪҺ͸أȫӦͪͶͰ״˵͸һӦþûˡ㣬θѪ 
û¶ԵҩˡҸŹ 
θϵëǸ󲡣͵ţ㿴Ķ˰㿴èۣӴкӲ磬Ŷ󰡾͸ƵģԬҡ 
õõñƵġ°鲲һָڲ 
ڣҸ˵ءԬͷһۣƢһˣסԺ˭˭͸300mgǸȥƵġ 
һ벻ɣ׿ʱһȦպգ뺷̶ԶԴ֮ϣ鲶˻ܰؼȥ°壬ѵкõģ 
ʲôأֲ̽٣ɶһںңҴͷ󣬸СԼҲ¡ 
Ҳͷһۡ 
ٳҲüŲǡһһָƵںңϽġ 
ûȴҲû취ֻӲͷƤ鲵Ĳȥ 
鲸͸شţһûо񡣰׿ֱͦڰ鲴ͷοϢ̨棬ٳ࣬Цʱ쳣ʮµˣ˵ĸоȴޱϬһװҲᣬʱܿǹɱƵģһɱ֮Ҹһȥʱһժ۾վ 
ǣԵЦЦã»ûлл㡣 
û£ҲǴɸǶЦһ£ԼòȻ 
С׿ͷţȥִ߹ȥߵһ΢ͣһ£ϬǰסͲ¥Сɣǰʯܿ㡣 
һ۾գգǣ鲳¶ͦż͹ 
βС¡׿嵭Ӧһ䣬ûģֻͷһۣһҪˮˣæ塣 
֪֪ġһЦأҲں泶һ¡ 
Ѱ׿ͳȥһعͷ鲡 
̧̧°ָԱߵĿΡ 
վûһԭģҲסˡ 
Ҫ췴ˣ鲺һû 
鲣¶֪ȥ 
û˭˵ˣüңһ¶˵׾˭ҸŪ̱أɽ˭ 
鲣ӵʱҲΪã¶ûáһ 
˳ƿһɽǱߣҰֶ֪ˣͷ¶ 
šһӦһ䣬Ǳߵ¶ҵţ룬ú塣 
ɽ¶û˵͸ҰͦʡϵĹϵڲ顣鲽ë˴ҰָңϾˡ 
֪һͷ鲣ֵݶѾˣֻı롣 
ûش𣬹һҲ޻˿ڴ˵Уģҵ̨ϳȥҪ˽ҡ 
һһվͺΡ 
ָĦֱǲͦң 
¶㲻ҡ˵ӹһɽ 
ǡ 
Ҹͷ̵ʱָر˳ǽںúƽһѿˣ㡣˵ 
Ҳ֣ץסʲô 
Ҳţһһ˵Ҳ̱ҵĴԽԽûɹ 
ҽ 
㻳ˡؿ˿⡣ 
鲡ʶؽȷԼ˵ʲô 
û뵽¶ᳶɽҲû뵽һ涾û뵽Ҳ档ۣҰҵʱûɽᵽһ˵¶Ĳϸ롣 
ҶĬˡ 
ɽǱ˵Ѿרڶһǧ˿Ƶģ˵Ҫôһ졭ûѻ˵ͣסˣʲô˭롣 
ġ 
أҡ 
һңǹֵܡ˵ 
㻹Ҫȥ˻ˮڱ۾ͷתһߡ 
պѰ 
˵Ұ֣ҪǹһǱ£浲š 
û¶ҹЦסɿһۡ 
鲣ϲ㡣еˡ 
š 
ǣǻǷֿɣһˣǲʺϡ 
һӼžһ롣 
˵ʲôе 
ҡֻ˵ڶ顣 
ããáͷȫŤھ͸ӹ 
һ̨æңô˷ôˣ 
ϸء̣Ѳذӣ˽Ϊ룿Ϊ룿ΪΪ룿 
һеţ˵ء 
ǣǣǴͲʺϣΪʺأòϲˣŸ˵ʺϣֱӳͷھ͸ӹ˭˭ȥ 
 
 
28  
28 
ҸһӲʱ׿ȾͷҽʦϢſڴ绰ͦࡣһңһȥˡ 
ħˣһ߱ҡ 
ǹҰѱɡˣҿ 
˭˵һƵ˵ͷҸõˣס 
ǲǶҺãڻԼ 
㻹վߡ 
ԴҲվô 
Դǡһˣһ䣬ԴԸ㲻һ 
̾˿û˵ʲôһµͣȡңŽһ·Ĭһڨڨظ̲ס˵ңȥü 
ҿ˲ô˵ġ 
һˣӣʲô˼ǷǲǣǷԴˣҲ°뱲ôˣ 
Ҫú˾͸ϽƯסط˳ֵԤȣɽ˵ĶԣвҵҪЩҸռ̳еʱСȵڲжҲû˻ɡҪǵͷһȥעἸƤ˾ȥлͣǮׯʶˣ˳Ҳһ¶ 
һü˵ 
ĲҶǱߣҲתϳ˶ӵģ̫ױ¶˵趼ءɽڷ˼ϣʱٲˡҶֵܣ˭Ŀôȥ¶ҪǳɣҸ鲻ܺãҪǲɡ 
֪㲻һ۴⣬¶Ūе嶯 
ҶԴ㣬ʵһġ򴽣ųͣ 
Դ绰ϵǼҰӣеˣ˵þòǼС˹ֹġ 
˵ô׻ˣΣ 
Դ˵⹷ܲ˵ģ֪Ϊ¶ͷء 
˵ԴҸ˵¡ 
ʲô£ 
Ҹˡ 
Դ㶣˵Ҿ֪᲻ðŪ 
Ȼһ˵ͷҸõ˲ס 
š 
˵ԴʲôţװͿ㻹ΪҲ֪أ 
֪Դ̾һ¶ܲԺ˵ 
ҾǸѣһôҲҷСʲôڹ۶ϳ 
¶֪ 
ˣƯ׵ɿˣǱʲô׼ҲϽ֡ 
Դ룬˵ڵļҵӹ 
˵ʵʵĻʣǧأ⼸ؼǣĭĿռ仹ûʲôģȫӦû⡣ 
ҲСĵ 
 
Դڵ绰һЦ˵ӣ±һǶ 
һȣ˵ƨпձЩڵô˵һء 
 
ʮҸڹǰһһһȥ̾עʮС˾ȥ˵ǮׯǮׯϰþл͵ѣӶŵˣ˵С濴Ҳãôࡣ˵λ˵ѹһһ㶣θ˺ü˶ȣҪβͿ϶ҡˣⲻǹϰôϴںϰһԷʱǵò 
һһһᵽɽһ 
õˣҲЦе˵ϰĿе࣬ʱҲ 
˵֪ٲģ߹˾˻עˣټҸǰĺϷ˻һжʮǮһȦ֮뱸ŵ 
˵֪ҾͿԷأġ 
һҪã 
룬˵ҪҪµգϹһͿˣҪǴģܻһϣŪõꡣ 
˵㲻Ⱦȣա 
һһ˵Ҳɽ£ 
㶣˵ϰ壬Ǯׯ⣬Ȼ˭Ļ·ӡģͻ֮¶Ҳҽ 
һһЦ˵ǾͺãҪϰ嵽ʱ治ý 
õͷ˵ǡ 
Ҹһͷ֣ԼƳǸϹܣⲻů紵ҵƺҲ΢ЩݼõĶ⣬ǵذһУ˵硣ٵʱ͵͵⣬ůıָ䴩ϴĴ 
ؼңһֻͿδ磬￩һ£תس⣬ͽˣǣ 
һͷһȻԫվҼҵԪſڣСţ͸ҪǼƵġ 
ʲôû 
ԫŸ粻ģļӣԼ̣⣬ˣƤ 
˵ʲô 
ԫûشңֱʣ괺һ˹ 
˭˵ڲһ˹Ұһۣƹȥ 
ԫһץסңеأô¶ǹ꣬ôң 
ұһᣬȣ׻ûǰ¶̣һ˵ƨá 
̫ᣬ̫鲻ԫؿң鲵ڶͱע亣Ϊһɺϣ 
Ҳ¡ҰͷŤһ߲ȥ 
֪ҵ㡣ԫ˵ҷûеڶ˱Ҹ㡣 
ͷƤһĬֱӴ߹ȥԿȥԪšſ֮Ҽ꣬ԫ档ԫҵ˼һžһֻסţӲ漷ñȥԫСûռơ⵱¥һڴӵ˵˵ЦЦشӵԪҪšһԫ֨һ¾ͽȥˣޣ˵ݡ 
ɡԫ˵ҡ 
ءҿһۡ 
ģҶԫ˵ 
ûҾǲ뿴㣡ڵܻس 
һݵվˣԫһ߳ᣬվڷſڵҡ 
ѹס𣬲֪Ϊʲôԫ㵽ô 
ԫºͣûô 
ǲǾҽһ֣ 
ԫ΢һ£˵ûⲻҪ 
òҪʼƮˣȫ¶һֳѹֵķŭӶʮ궼ûйһְֲҪҼҪˣӵģΪҲ룿ΪҲһ֣㣬趼˶ʮˣ 
ԫȻ̧ͷҡ 
ԼЩ£һǸ׵ˣһ㣿 
ԫ˰죬ֹҵԴͻȻеҲ֪ԺвУ 
ԴһƫͷţǼҪըܿޣһͶˡ 
ԫָڻԴϣҽҷȥ㣬ԫס˵ͽ죬ͽҽȥǺúöԶٷвУ 
СƵػش𣬡 
ԫ˵ʲôڴֻͻȻˡһӵ绰 
ԫ˿ʾɫԵһ䣬Ǿͽӡ 
ҴϿеԫǸ绰ǰ󲻹ʮ룬ɫൽףݺݵذһ˵ҵһ¡ 
㰮ȥĶȥĶ˵һ䡣 
ԫûüҵͼҴҵط˵վԭһҿˣȴ֪ԫһȥͳ 
 
 
29  
29  
ʮϣҹ¼ҹ˵ûȥֱԴȥҹԴϵͷʼף̫ ѨҲССؿʼߣ˲ˮʲôûʱôԴվڳף߷ˮͱ˵ҪҸˣˮϵذʲôľͶķҰÿȥ﹫԰ʲôģúϡ 
ԴǺһ֣˵û¶һأҪҸ˻չǣȢϱ 
Դһ⻰Ͳˡ 
ٽ˵ô׳Ǹ˸ôΣ 
ûôԴڨڨ˵ 
ǲ˼ҳòƯ輱ˣ˵ϱǹҪôƯĸʲô׳ܵģ˿϶̤ʵҰụ̀ܽҪǾûɡ 
裬ֲèʲôкṵ̀ܽ 
ⲻǸȷǿԴ⻰⣬ס˿ڡ 
һеЦŸ˵Դⲻô¶˵ڻڲϣ˻־صĶӰ鰡粻أҿ¶ٵԴԱ˵Ҳ١ 
Դ˵ҲеЦŵͷæȥˡ 
ҲɿԴһۣ̾˿û˵ʲôұЩ뿪һģ߾Ҳ˵ˡ 
⣬ԶҸӵöࡣ 
Դֺ˵ϰ׸ɣϹһͨͲ¥ǵ£鳩졣ĵˮϴʱԴʱ¥ǼϴǸľͰڻڲ 
Դ˵ڣ˼Ҿһֱڴþûˡ 
Դһ֣˵СʱϲǼľͰϲҪҪһԸ 
˵аϽóСʱΪǼûľͰϴ¶޹ء 
ҸԴ˵ȻȥľͰԴ̲סһ󣬱˵Ǳ߰ǰͰԡҸϴɾˣˮ߰˵ӵʱԴɳϵſҸԴֺǺǵ·Ͱ 
߶ϵ߶ϵ㣬Դһýŵңҿʲôʱ򳤵ôռˣϸʱܸҰһͰϴء 
˰ڰλãһ˵첲Ͱ棬Ƶĸоǲ 
ˮԵһЦ˵ԴҲʱһСҪͻȻܵǼ̿ҪѪ 
ԴһЦʲôѪ˵ƺԣ 
˵Цýȥ׼һúϾͶ߸ʬ 
Դһ£ҿ·һСʲô¶䵥 
Ҫ㻹סЦ 
ôסԴͷתһߡ 
Ҫסҡ˶ۡ 
ȥϹ˵ʲôءԴһžõģҪˮ类ˡ 
Դ㻹ǲˣֵŲŲλá 
㻹ָ㴫ڽӴ 
ǸרõģӦиߵ׷󣬱ȷ˵ϲá 
ϲأ 
ɫԴҸ˵ģһǲǲ΢ܵһҲ֪˼ڶˣٹ϶ߵøôϲմ²մصġ 
֪ԴŲ֪գһЦ˵һǸŮģȢˣЩ¶Ĳˡ 
ʲô¶ 
򡣡 
ʲôҲ 
һϲˡԴ˵ 
Ŀ࣬ңһֱΪǡǶƲǸ 
ͬϾų⡣ԴңҾôĿİܹҸġ 
 
һû죬ͻȻѧҪһݲѧģżǰѧУµCAJǫ̈̄Ʊ棬һǰҰѱʼǱ˰ķӦûǶ 
ݵԿУڲڡ 
鲴󲡳ǷڵģסĿԺСɵʱ㶲֪ǱʲôʹĶ壬ԥ˸绰ڿƵԬ鲳ԺûУֱ֪֪ӻصĶ 
Ԭһ֣ͦ˵Ժ㶼֪ǰֵڼӦõòˣھǹ۲ûг񫣬Ӧò 
˵Ǿͺãллˡ 
Ԭ˵òǳʲô¶˰ɣ֪ǵ¶ˣ 
˵Ϲ£Ҿʣúöֵİࡣ 
ҷµ绰˵Ǹ˻ʧ䣬Կ׾¥ȥˡǼҵƽСһҲ죬СҲˣŸ˽ʱͦڵس˵֡ 
·¥ûʱһʡʵҲҲŰµӣȥȴһֻĸо 
ҼǵñʼǱǷڰ鲵Ĵͷϣʱû¶ϲŰڴͷţЩꡣ߹ȥպõԴߣűҪߣһм·ڹ򿪹ӣЬм飬ибƶӲֻ̣β׵ָ 
Ҽһɲ˸ˣͷƺʲô 
ҵĿһб֦ͩ⣬ͻȻһжܴĿģ·Ҷ˵òϲϲϲˡһһҶĤ裬ˣ߲ݡʱҲ֪ôץӷΣٳɹǡ 
ĥһԼļڻҪˡҶŰ鲵ķ䣬һǵı飬ʱ򣬴ͻȻˡ 
ػͷվſڶңҾԼȫѪҺˡ 
ˣббſڣɫöãǰһʱҽԺѾúܶˡ 
Ҿҵ̫ ѨһһģôͻȻҲǹöǾ̫ˣǾԬģҲ뷨δҲ̫ˡ 
ˣ̧°ָָϵĵԡ 
ţѧҪһƪģϡشš 
ˣ°ͺܼ⣬϶óˡ 
һתţһȦ㿴仧ˮûУȻҸȥ 
˵ãǿŰıӰҾħˣȫҲܶĿϣôƲˣûǰоɫҲ̫ãƤǷȱͷضţһҲǰƯҾܿ˻ƵģһһתĿ⡣ˮʱû΢һ£ҵҲ͵رèץһ¡ 
˵ã㲻æһߡ᲻ã֪ϲվڳΪˮ¯ǰΪҲٳָͣıӰľë׵ԴҵģʹҲһ־ܹҲܹ֪һ־ͱȻ 
Ҫնҡ 
 
šӹóҨҶ˵ݸңС̡ס 
 
  30  
30 
鲸ԼҲ˱ʮָŲ豭߽£һۣ˱ӿʼ̡ 
㻹飿Ҫܸ˿ҽҰϵ̺˹ڲ輸ϣ̲ס߶һҽģô֪Լ 
һһܡһۣⶼ˺öˣڼҰֲó顣 
СҸϽ̺дԼΪ˳ܳ 
ǡһۣģһ˵¡ 
Ұһۣ˵ʲôҪ̣ 
û˵ֹ¶һ˳ƾͿһͰһ̸˳ҵ޵سһЦֱҪҽһ˿ǡõ̺Աߣسһ֧ϡ 
ɣζûҪ˵ 
ζ۾ҡ 
ᡣûۿһ۵̵⣬˵ҪͳлȽϵҹ󣬼Ǯٳ㣻һµл˵ٻ̫࣬ЩµĻϺó飬ҲͣˡƽʱᰮصḶ̌Ǯʱ⣬ûǮ˳Ͻʱ򼢿XҲܴųڡ䣬ܽһϪԴèӾ鲡 
ʵֵܴĴָʳָָ϶ѬЩ΢ơܾôϴһɵ̲ζڴϵʱ͸Щɢˡ 
ҲãӦòᡣбһۣϢůůػһЩ̲ζҶϡ 
ڷʱЩһִ󣬶ûأ鲵鲵Ϣ鲵ȫһˮһϣˮաǹģôȻ֫ô˳ô̲סپһǧҲ̲סҾҿ챻ƷˣҾС֦֮仭һߣԼһȥͻٲǰȴͣǱ֣ýŰһĽ޲ȵģ塣 
ңҲԼ 
ҰȥͷͬһһĹ̡ر۾ԽԽأ󼸺ǳصġζЩۣ΢΢бңһ˿Ц⣬һ˿ҲĨ΢Цлҷ 
Ұסֱۣ帩ȥص鲵ĻӦǿң׷ҵĴ̰࣬èϥСĥ䣬ָҲʵش޷˽¶ȲɼҴ˸ս 
һͻȻͣסˡ鲵ֻ޷ţ΢ָҺļһһһ΢ٶ»Ұڻźá 
ӡҡ 
ңһ㡣Ƶ˵ 
Ĭһ󣺡⻰Ŷ졣 
š 
ֳĬڰִһؿңע¶ֻй֤ɽ˶û취¶ǵҰеë˵Ҫɽ 
ͷƤ˽ 
йһСĵ㣬߿ԵףɽһʡѾ¶ɽйϵЭ͵רŵڶ 
šѸոŪҵһһҴһ仰Լǧ𳶽 
ͻȻһߣ˼ǰʲôӲѹȥٴοԲңҾرɵӿʼڡ 
ûСǴЦҿô㿴ҵһĸȵ㡣 
ЦһĬĬȥ̣ûֹҿ̣˺üζûϣֶֶȻذ̺ʹһӣ˫ϥͷϣӹţȦе졣 
ҲҶ 
߰ɡͷ˵һ䡣 
ؿ 
ʲôµģߡ 
 
ٷûǿѧѧǰԴ͹һϷɻ˶ءһ˵Ҳ̫ģǼģξˮȵûɶ˵ϻвأնǼǵǱ߷ЩЩǵǮڲľڲˡ 
Դ˵㷲»Сĵ㵶ѪûϵѷӵĸɾǮҲŪ 
˵û£ŲǱǰʦţڼʲôͦС 
Դ̲ס˵ʦ¶ 
һ˵ټ֣ڵķʦϾ͸ǲﻹء 
Դ˵㻹ó۶ʦܵԣЩĶԼǱߣҲöŵ 
˵֪ǺúöǱ߾Уߵ·̡ 
һЦҵüͷ˵Цһ£ŶüĶˡ˵еп˵ӣʮһɣԴҶʮһʱڸʲô 
Դһ⵶أΪʮһʱˣ 
һʧЦ˵㿴Ҷˡ 
վڻһ꣬ڻǷֿˡ 
 
ѧҵѧԺȥѧģѧԺʦʽʱ΢ǽɨһۣ֪ΪʲôеԾ߳һǾñŤǿԼ˻ȥְʦʽܸһ飬ڷĹؼ 
ԫƬˡ 
ԫǸڣ˽ܸѧԺȺ̩ĲͽǺ棬ռƪԲҲ̫ۣɽǿȱһ鿴Щͻأҵʱû̫⣬ԫ˴ҪˣѧԺļҲҪŻһ 
ڶʽΣһھԫѧʵǵĿαźãԫҪҲ֪ʵһʱһǾģĲʹ졣ϿʱҹٵһӺȥȡԼһŵĽ 
˭֪ѧ̨վŵ˾Фƽ 
Դ֪ΪʲôͻȻͺһ£ûбĸоһԵĲֻ˵ǲӿͷѽ 
һͬԫأ 
ͬҡͷ֪ʱˣ˵ԫѧˡ 
Фƽû˵ʲôԭ 
ͬҡͷû˵ҲأǳԫŵϿΣ֪ͲˣȥФƽ 
ͻȻҸԫһμڴʮ磬ʱԫ˸ĵ绰ͼææˣڼ侹ȻҲûɧŹңô붼·񲻷һ˻Դ¶˼Χлγȥԫʲô¸иƨĹϵԽôҾԽ⣬ò¶Ūûûġ 
Фƽ̲һѧʰͱʴӽݽߣﻹֹԫ¶ͻȻһ̧ͷͿѧŰ鲳߹Ҫ¥ѧȥ 
һӾǱùӷ˸˽סˣûŶҲûкô㶵ضʦͽ 
СġѧͦɵظҴк 
ţʦ鲡ڨЦš 
ǿʼѧˣѧ˳㿴˿ϵĿαЩȣԫĿΣ˶٣˭ϣ 
ᵽһ˿꣺ԫôˣ 
ѧҺεغͰ鲶һۡҿ鲣Ϊѵؿ˿ѧң˵Ժ˵ԫ񡭡⡣ 
һ˵ԫϲ˰ˣҪôġ 
鲽ű˾侪㤵ģ棬ҲʶǸŮѧڻźˣԫΪˣԺѾˡ 
ͻȻθʲôصشһȭһһϤůּеӿ 
31 ̥ 
31 
СģúúöӢŻѪǺͷѧѧҵ˱ˮͦ۵ؿҡ 
Եĵ֭θѪڹȽǡڽ˵ѧҰ칫һïʢĹ걳סˣ顣 
ҪԺȥθҲŪҩҹˮʲôġѧҿûɶ£鲣Ҫȥ㿴ӣ١ 
Ҹ˵ãǱѾӦˣӲͷƤ˰һֻۣһƬ걳 
ǸϽȥڴ绰ֱȥͳɡѧ˵ͲϽġ 
鲹ңҿһۣҲңĿԵʱѧں¿ˣأĥߴʲôæӦһҳˡ 
·Ƕû˵һ·ĬŵԺθƵҽŸҹˮӷ鲵һۣһ˦ͽǮȥˣұ죬ȥҩ 
ʵоͦõġ 
ʿ룬ƿҩŶţǰǰôȥСʱҷüڹ۲ҴϣȫûһͷġҵĶͷԼģǾû£˵ô࣬ԼԼ 
ұ˱ۣ仰ʲô˼ߵǧͷ֪ӦôӺ𡣳Ĭ˰죬һԫô£ 
鲿ңڵ״ʺ̸ 
ҡҸ 
Ҹֽǡ 
ûǡ 
ŻѪ 
ûˣͣЪһ͸˵ɣȻҸǡ 
û˵ְҵ˵ٶȣһۣˣΪ˵ģʲôʱͣʱϣô¶ 
עŵƿۡ 
úöɣˮҴȥҽѧԺʬѧУġ 
 
ķҽѧԺԭҽѧԺģ˼ʱ򵥶˳ȥѧԺԽԽ˹ԡʮڵʱҽѧԺ¥ſֶһӣݴѧҽģʡʲôشѵķҽʬ챨档⼸귨ҽٴĹϵҲͦãΪʬţѧԺʱʱҪԴһ£ʦһСǶ졣鲵ʱʶ˷ҽѧԺˣȥʱһп鸴ӵظŰ鲣ôְˣһ·ʲôŮ鳤Ļû˵Щ繵´·ǹ̡֪ʵͦԫ£˵˵ӣðġ 
ԫҵǰһϣúڳſϵĵɱʲôȫûСôԫİ鲻֪־ֵķҽõʬһʣ̥Ƿҽòԣ˱档߽֮˶ۣ˵ɱ 
ϸҲ֪лῴʬ챨˵زһ䣬ԫҲʦҲ¡ 
̫ Ѩһ͹һ͹軹أҸ˵ĺӲԫôһ治ҡ 
Ҽŭģľһ㡣 
鲴ҵģ¥ڲṹʻΣ¥ݼڴ¥м䣬һȦ칫ҲʬʵҰΧţ¥쳣С޹⡣¥¥תյĵطֱǣ໥µҪһֱתܿԷƺаǹǽĸ֣֪¥ڴʲô⡣ 
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ʬ챨ݸңһ߷һ߸˵ʬߣΪϵʬߣͱҲУ˵ԭŵģƶ 
ҷĸӡӭľľ˹дһѺɫ̽ΪϣҼǵ°п룬ʱҲϢسƬϡ 
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ˣռҡ 
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ռЦһ£˵Ǳߵ˺üƷǲ̥һǺϵģǲ֪˭ġ 
ҾԴһΣҪվˡԼ˵һԫأһǱ˵أ˵ԼɵòˣԫŮϵѪ 
鲹ңˣҪǽȻȥ 
һҧվûռ˵ʱƷSTRͼûУ 
ռ˵аֶô浵ġ 
Ұһ죬һ˵ҵѪSTRԼ 
û뵽ռ붼ûʹӦˣЦ֣Уٿ飬Ͱѱ㡣 
ʲôһ㶡 
ҿ˵ķϲٿ飬ߵҪһǧһǧˣDNAҪǧռԾЦģģҲҵϰ˵Ҹ˵ְҵ¡ 
Դһ£òʿ⹴̫̫̫ɳˣ档һٿǮ˵һҪͼףҪȫסռ˵Уȫ׾;Ű٣Ҹӵ۾죬߰ɽ 
߳Ĵ¥ʱҲžеա 
˵ôͰ͵ڸʲôأ 
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ʦ绰˵Э͵Ĺ̶¸ʮһʲô㡣 
˵ʲô㣬ɽȻʰڷزгĭòȥ˻ˮ 
һ˵ᶨִ̫٣⼸ֲͣЭ͵ʣɽǱͦϾ 
˵һ󷳣˻ģͻȻ¶ϲʶݱȽ̱硣 
˵ʶʶҪʲô 
˵ҴߣһĪͱ롭ܲ 
 
 
ӭʥر˷֮һ 
עɣѽڣλٶ͡ 
 
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ϰѵԽãѱҳ˼ɫƣɵؿ˵ԼԴ䡱һ¡ 
ѡڶκɾˣָſյļ 
ɾˡͷ̧һ£д̫¶ǣꡣ 
ɾƶӲϻСҶűӲˬת 
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ƨôˣˢشͳһӡ壬㣬һأһأ㱻ͼһأƽҹһأװɵ𣿣 
Ҷһȫӡˣýţ˵ϲ 
һҲֻҼŶд 
˭һѻ˵ûпźӣһ㣬ٿһ㲻ùҡѵһ 
鲰ѽһӣбһۣϳԿ׾ͳȥˡ 
͵͵ѣߺػסͷ߿ˡҿƿôأ 
ϾȥСʱǶθдˡӹҡ 
졭װɵꡣ 
ȥдһְҸ´ˡ 
ֻһУſû˼㣡 
俴һۣ˯ˡ 
٣ддд 
ʵͦʱ¶ˣʱҲŸϳһԴһϵ߶ʱ鲸Ƭѧ˼ҵ꣬裬ѧ˭˭ʱ 
Һ͹һԴŸֹܶ״ʰС죬ߵĲһ·ߡԴ鲻սʱڣҺ͹һرеǺͰ֮仮ޣ˵ϰ鲵ĶԲǣǾòܸӴһ˵һƾͺǱԴ 
Ȼ鲸Դһ࣬ǰ˵ӴǼٵġԴ˵һμβ飬鲼αԴãԵʱԴץӷεػߣǽȥ߰鲵ĵӣؿԴһۣһͨǸԴˡ˵ŶǸĻ־ʱµĹ 
һʥǰϦԴ鲲֪ʲô¶ǰθǻˣͼﳭ飬ʱµǶй־һ˳һ顣ԴˣӲҸһϹȥ﹤տʼ©ųݲݵغŪһȥǰһ˵У˺˵ͨҸˣһҽٳʮʷ 
Ҹһ߳˵ôǳƿ÷أǵöм顣 
ʵֶΣǰ֪ǲúóǷѧͼݴһû¶ڴϻεΪ᲻ء 
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ߵ룬ʦ涨ĳʱڹˣԴһһƵܡҵʱŷʽŪˣһ˵ߣмͻȥ 
һһ߷ұһЦ˵̫ˣô򵥵ķ鶼⡣Դ˵ˣСϳеʱأǰȥ͵ľˣһһ˵ƨ϶Ǵ㲻֪˭͵ľء 
һ˵һֵˣͦˬҧűͷ⡣ʱǱߵСֶҲҪˣǸ˵ôǽⲻء 
˵鲸ӡΰ˵ĶҲʰˣǰӻֻͦؿһۡŵػˣڴɽԴڲ÷ֻһˤվŶϲ 
ҷʡһ£ҳǻֻ͡ 
ڲһͻȻöеʣоϺԶֶӡʱҲû룬ŶӳС׿ӣһкǧǽһˬ뿿ԺҲϺˡ 
ˬˣսսΡΡͻȻһܴ⡣ 
ûֽ 
̫ˣֱֱӹϵƪС˵е󡣿ҵʱû취ֶֻ׻ȥҧ˼취 
ʱĲ֨ѽһͿˣžһ߽ʱͼѾչˣ¥ûˣһǽŲеϤ˾һҲ˲ʲô׼ˣͺ鲣ô 
ǽŲͣһ£Ȼ߹˼ͣ£ңӣ 
ţҡұڿλϣ㡭ûֽ 
ϴŲֽȫЦ⡣ 
ˣо͸ңܻغ 
ȰѲҳˣһζ鲺ߺһ 
ҧҧŲְˮˣðˣңȷһ飺ȷֽ 
Уţͦࡣ鲻ЦŨӣŴ򿪣Ұֽݽȥ 
㲻֪ŷҿ챻ƷˣһȻԴȥ 
У㿪š 
գĿ챻鲱Ʒˡ 
ԥؿŷ죬Ұ 
鲺ܲһ 
ˣåأһеˡ 
ͦΣյ۾תߡ 
ߣҿҿţûϢشУֽң 
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鲵Ľһɺɧζ˼䣻һ߲һ˳𲻱Ǿӣӱʮ겻 
ÿ߳ŶˣվڲſЦЦңһѻ߹ȥϴˣһͬ¥ȥ 
˭֪չոסˣڲﵢһ¥µĹԱȻѾѴŸˡʱֻδռѧϸ߼ֻдֳŲóҲɵеš 
šô죿ҿ 
ͦضſ˰죬û飬Ҳûšһۣͦߣ˼սˡ 
˵˸ʲôء 
ڰǼսſĥĥһʲôأ취ȥ 
Ƶֻ̳飬ͦڵؿңһϷı飺Сӣˣ 
˭أرʹ̬ȣֵˣǱסôһϣʲôµġ 
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ҹʱ䣬ϰ˵ˣڼõȼˣԼҲûš 
㲻˻᲻ңڿ 
ܻᡣ˵ոȻȥҰּһȥʡ 
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һͻȻؽһ 
㵹ǣողֶˡЦһ 
㲻ڶ 
䲻䣿䲻ҡ 
䡣Ź֡ 
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͹ĥĥġ鲲ͷֽһ 
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ϸоһ£ȷʵǡֱŤһ£ڻǹԹԵˡֻֻң°ͼ⿿ͷϣȵϢһҲɨһů˾ͷҾȻŰ˯ˣһڵʱڶ˵ر𲻿˼飻ڵʱ¶Դ͹һʮ꣬ʱҾ͸ԼҪǱ֪һ˯ڰ鲻ǺϻҲɡ 
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ͦѹس裬˵ⲻûô 
ôȥˣϵôһŪǰҲȡͨĳдħ䵱᲻ء 
ٺûʥڡǴǼ˿ʼԽԽϡڣƽҹԴҸһͦߴߴһСȻ־ưҹʥǱҲæûչң˵ҪԴȥڣǮ˵עⰲȫͷҳˡ 
ҸԴǵСȻ֣ȺħȫǴѧҸһеӣԴһ˵¸ֲǲǮߡ 
ȥ֮˸ض£ƨɻûȾͿǰҲھư档ԴһʱͬشӱһұҲϵģɲ֪Ϊʲô˰ģʱﻹ룬ˣʵҲͦáô 
Դ͹һǾƣһͦɬҪ˱ѩ̡ڻʱ洿ƵøСƵģҲְÿμҶϷ¡ 
ԴһȥϲžͲ֪ĶȥˣҹҶ̻Ȼ˵  ȥôưǰǺǻģҲðһ 
Ȼһ仰û˵꣬߾ȻͻȻһˣ͵תͷһţˡɵ㶵ʲôһ仰˵һֻ־ֱˣӼ׵õĻֱӻ·żҵʱˣ 
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ӴģţϲֲˣδӾ׵Ƥˡһgayɰôˣ 
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һûңֱеģһֱȭȥ˴ſˡ 
һë˵㷸Ű 
˵ʲô 
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˸鲶һּ䣬ڻǻˡ 
Դأ鲾Ӹµؿңͦ 
ϡϲءҲ֪ΪʲôͰ͵ش 
˭ģ鲼رҡ 
ǽʱλӡҼ͡ 
ҹȥ鲲ͷԴָָĴӪ 
ҰԴҡ˹ġ 
㻹أ鲻ˣ֪֪λǡ鲻û˵꣬Դһˡ 
鲣ʲôأԴ 
֪ˣֱ׳ģոĶȥˣ 
ҸոĶȥˡԴͷӦһ䡣 
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賿һʮʱƪʱѾ˯ˡҺߺذŪĵĿ 
պϡ°һ̧ͦǿı顣 
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񣬻и¶ø˵ǹƪĵĸ⡣ 
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ȫǺϡռǱ߻طֽ˵ĳȾɫǼһϵҲûУɷûҪҵˡ 
Ұ˵ռǱιιι˺üҲľȻûŪ 
ŪüߵĻģһϡռ϶˵ǼߣҶ챳סˡͼ׶Լ 
Ȼˣ˵绰תģҲűˡѵûаԫġͼ죿ܡҰȭͷɿսһǳ˲ŵĴ𰸽ӿͷԫҵĸס 
Ҿ쳣ѻ 
Ҵ绰ûйϵڹϵͳǱߣһѺˣϡ 
˵һȥϿܻ覴ãû׶ίʦĽʲôġ 
ס˵ݳǾһǻϵġ 
ҵĸֹŹҪѾ˾ռߣҲûʡ룬˵취УǺ׵ʲô˵ϴβҪ̱ôҵʶһԷԮȥˡ 
Ԯҹطһ䣬˵ǲרŸûǮʦ̷ָɱ绤˵ĵùƶô 
˵ţھУԼŰ죻Ҹ˵Ṉ̀ͦƣһ 
һڣ˵Уſڼ 
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôֻǼͼ׾˵˼Ҳû˼˵Щû˼һϵҲûС 
ϸ·ģ˼¾͸Ұ˻档Ҹߵңһ룬Ҳƽףм䱻שǽһ룬שǽ컨һһȫҵ߶ţǽȥһ￿שǽһд̨ľΣ谵ģѹ֡ 
ҿϸһۣ˵ʦܻܲط̽Ƶġ 
ϸһ£Ǳ̽ġ 
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šϸվǷҲ˵ͷȺȥˣʣҸԫ۵Сۡ 
ôˣңˡ 
Ҷһ촽ʲôû˵ 
ûɱˣһġƵ˵Ǹ򡭡ҡ 
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ԫһһŵؿȥ粻˲ŽͰ͵ңЩǡ˭ģ 
ҳһţҵġȻָָʣµģȻһġ 
ԫ˴Ƥ˵Ǹ˵ 
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ͷŤһߣ˶٣תңǡ 
Ϊʲôô赽ʲôϵ 
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ǣ¶һ⹫šԫ˵һȦӰ¶ޱޱ㡣 
һ£֪˵ʲôãû뵽һ㡣 
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ãһվˣֱֱȥָԫ㡭 
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ԫʦɨһֿۣҡ 
ǩǩе𣬡ôſͷأ 
ԫ㶣űίǩ֡ 
ǷҵġҶպί顣 
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ҵذһԼԺת˺üȦԫļж١ 
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ϸо˾ڣ˵һĿԫĳСֹ賿һԫҵС¼֤ؼңڶֻһ绰ԫģ滹ˣͨʱֻ룬ͨϹҶϣڷҽƶϵʱڣҵ˼άодԫëΧģģԫûвڳ֤һӶָơƤһһģֱ⣺Ǻأ 
ϸһ̯֣ȻԫģҪΪôġ 
٣ҷһ󣬺룬Ҳãԫҵˣôôȥ 
⻹ֻ֤ϣ㿴⶯ϸֳһֽ棺ǰɽʦоԫĽڣ֪ôʶģԫĿڹ˵ȥĽͲ˵ˡͬѧ֤ԣܶ˶֪ڱѧУ˸ڣһ޹ȥԷûͬ⣬Ϊ¶һֱܲ죻ջϺһ£˸ԫĵ绰ˡ 
һһ㶵ģ˵費аŶô֤ȫͲ˿ڹˡ 
ϸ˹ϣ˵԰ϰ壬ⰸøҼǮ˵аգϸ۾ЦЦջеġʲôЦʦѡ 
һˣ˳ֳøҵлƱ飡ϱ㣡̣ 
ϸ֣ûôࡣҺһСıϸһЦø仨Ƶģϲպ˻Ʊ̯ļм̸ӡ 
ҽƲʱʮ㵽賿һ֮䣬ԫͨ绰ʮһʮ߷֣Ҳ˵ԫҪһСʱɴɱ˵αװֳйʱҲǲܡϸָļУſңĹؼʬ档 
ʬߣ 
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ͷһ˵ƨţۡ 
ԫ֣ӵ绰ˡϸ˽ۡ 
˻һֿܡ 
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ӣһżɽеۣ֪٣ 
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ԫ¶Ҳ˵ҵʱˣ¶û֪Դ֪š 
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ȥٲףҸڲͷӬһûзҸڴҸëСպһ٣лصؾȻų˶ʮǮǸϰ˳;վһ·ˡ 
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վںȰ鲵ʱؿǼ죬ͻȻرӡѵаΧȺͻȻԣھҾò˼飬һǰһݣֶ֣ѡ޿ε¶Ѿ޳˼ˡһ˲ܶˣ裬⹫ţԫôһɲǺڵģҺھڰŹһϴǮҾرˣҸԼҪһ㣬ڵûȪ֮ȥޱޱ 
ҲȥһĵطǿˣӦá 
̻ʱ֣ͷĺ̨Ʊˡ 
ͦؿ˿֡ 
ŸʲôжʮӾͷˡûȣ־ĺ̨ˡûǣֲߣվûע⵽ǡ 
Ҹ𣿡̲סʡ 
߶ˡҺߺһ 
ʲôʱ߶ 
ҷš 
˴һ·ϣصʱ˾˸վ³С⣬һĿҲ³ڼ鲽ڳϿŰȥ˵Уȥֹһ̵֧Ĺ򣬰ܻһְֻסңо 
һ漴סȫУԼԼ 
ݵġŵķһۣԽҰûϸ 
˵ôаɣǴйյܵľӦú˵ֵרǺ졣 
ݵٲױ뾭24Ҫݳͣؿڵزǲܡһҧ촽˵ 
һ᣺û¶ţȥ 
Сĵ 
š 
ŵ³վĲ߹ȥվڵĵطȻͣƵԽҰʻҺͺϵĳŰ뿪ţҲǳϵ³С⡣عĤҿ棬Ҳվԭضǳ̫áҸų;ϵļλ˿͵վȥڼˣϴֳƳһűװ˳߲ 
Ϊ˴űװû̫⡣ 
ֱ߽ҲȻ˾Ȼǰ׿䣡 
 
 
 
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·꣬һİëˡ 
վԭؽֱһ룬ȫˮùһ㡣һ׵ʱȻתͷšˮͷϴ֡ 
׿侭ʱĶᵽɤ۶ˣϴϴüֱҪƤʱҴŴݻվμTͷѹñӦʱϳҡҶˮͷаֶӺߵȥˡ 
һ̶ҵ飬ͷܣӼվϵһףõǰ׳̵ٶȡ 
ȫ˾͵һˡ˾кң˳͹˳ţͼ˴͡ 
һŴ͵¿˵أŵػվſڵľ׿ӲһߴкһϳǱһȻҲˡ 
ǲҰֵרҲûװؼվſڵԽҰ˵˽ܹġ 
ֻ֪ǵĶ򣿡ʡ 
Ӧܲµң˵ٲ׵ǸУҪԹһˣǻȥͨ籨š 
һһھ߾ϣֿԲûУǺܴ 
ǿˡҿһۣˢһ˳ĴҶһ͸϶۲Ŵ⡣ 
ԽҰǿһ·ٶԱǿ죬ܿ׷ǵĴͣмӺ󣬰˦󣬼24ϡ 
ԴפĶҡ 
¶ѡ 
ҹȥ¶ѡ 
֮ǰҪȥֿҧҧҲ˾ȥ¶ѡ 
 
ǵٲʱѾϡٲ׵ĿվֺܽҸ˳һ̲ͣǰ37ţϹȻŶ̩еơ 
￿ǽȫǴССװβӪն͵죬мһ̨һСڲ̨ϿſС˵ 
ϰڲڣСꡣ 
Ҿϰ塣С飬λʲô£ 
˵Ǵϰ塣һһȦһڲڣ 
СЦеأϰ壬Ҫȥ 
Ҽ˵õˮ©ģһ󷳣ֽܲܰҴ˵ӺͰ¶ 
УҪлһ˵СȻͿأ⻰̬ҲûжĹۣǲ֪ҸһĹϵץӷεģ˰ֱƳһ䣺ˣǲи˽Դ 
ҿСһ£ϻش𣺡ûС 
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ԴѡҶ˵ 
ǲûнԴˡСɴüĿЦš 
ȥ˿û취ǵתһȦҸسˡ 
һ¡ûĺãţ鲰ο˵û£ҪСϰѻˣһ֪ġ 
ٲǸոճظеСطųƵ֮硢նһ֣ͷնлôٲһ붼ǲҶ꣬һֱǲ׺һڡҺͰһ˿ķѾˣԷʱҿֻƤͣڴܣ֪ҹڻһֱû˯һ·ĵģŵѾǼˡ 
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鲻˯ңû¶Ҳ 
㿴۾ֹסȥ 
Ҫ¶ѣϰǵĶԻͦشչˡ 
ǰ¶Ҫãϰ塣 
գٲ׿¶Ҫȿ˹ٴӹɡŵ¶ѡϰͷգŽ׮ˣ·ֲߣǿ˸ɶ 
ΡҶϰ島ѣȥɽĵƬѸ˵¶ѱ߾ϵճرƯȥճ 
ϰû໳ɣÿ궼кö˵գĪóǿܽ˲ˣճ춼УҲǲաϰֲ˵ҪƬǻԿľǸлľר˵꣬Ҫɾ֣ 
лǸϰ壬˵㵱ص£ӷˡҸڽϵʱҪ˯ˡ 
˵Ǹϰ嶼˵ûˣ¶ԶһȥɣȻҲԲ 
Ҳɣ鲻Ӧ 
Űߣ·ϻĵſûоҸ鲶죬ĴҲֲ֤סСҰꡣ鲱ҹ紵˵˵ҪǳߣôǸεأûũʲôģʮǮһϣϴˮ衣 
˵У˳Сݼߡ˳ҰͱȽϺң˼ҿȥɾСùסȥʮǮһ˫˼䣬ʱӦˮܶ͡ 
סϴ裬˯һ񡣰ϴ˵˯һſڴϿͼһߺ˵šʱ鲴չһͼͷϻˮϵһұǿꡣ 
һ߻ħˡ 
̧ͷҲңģͻȻĬˡҾÿڸֹסԼȥ 
ͼᣬŵһߣң˯ⴲǴ 
Ķ˯˯㡣һӾͰԵסһͰڴϣʮָۡ 
ؼֱذ°鲵ָ˳ļߣϴȦס˺ҧҴδôֱɽҪй۾ңһֱֻ۴Ҿرһ·£ҵȥ򦣬ҧĺ᣻һֻȷ֮䣬Сĥ䡣 
ҵͷȥǣһֿ˫磬Ħ°ͷţϸͷƤѴƵҶǣҸе̫ ѨһʪȣϸϸŪཥ۽ƶҲɱۣӹҵҵĽëһ·ҵıǼ⣬סҵĴ 
ۿһֻסҺԣץԺͷ°ſűĲϴ¶ȣѾһߺǣһϵͬĥҵġֳԣҵּͬʱƣڶԷץšҵ·ʱȫϣѶͷϣϴϢңԽԽ޲ðԼൽ°͵ܣץ£¿磺һ 
۾ҧҵǣָ˳ӵرŻҹ̵ϡԼָסҵġ鶯̧ͷң˫˳ҵĲһֻӵءסҵġҰסָ֣ڡұţԽԽأͣؼӿϵٶȣָ׸òҵңذס֣Ҫȫһϡ 
ҳش˿մҡһָֻζؽʪҺͿұϣӺҵز۶ңһӾͽҵˡ 
 
 
 
 
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һ˶ͦݣȫȻ;һ֮ҾиˣҪҹķֲҺͰ໥ĥշתӴڵ¡Ҹֿڴϣ΢΢е 
Ҽ˵ҪҪȥϴһ£һζ 
ڻϸϸţ˵ҲһϴҶһ 
˵ұţץҵ֡ܳһʱ䶼û˵ĵľȴδоҾϣҺΪһġ 
ϴȥƱӣͷĵŰ˯ˣ컹Ҫ·ҹһ£һŴһͱסˡ 
㲻һ˯۾ҡ 
ⴲСңҽûˡ 
˭˵˵Щ죬Ա̤ʵ 
ͷһĴ꣺С 
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ᣬ롣ұס 
ҺϲһˣҾáϲˡ˵ 
֪ӵҲǣ˯ɡ 
 
ڶҸһ;ۣµصʱҲȥԼˣҹȡǷֱֳ裬¥ϰСʳͷϡʰ׵׼· 
ͷǸϰ˵ٲ׵¶ѹ·ֻͨµһٶ๫ȫɽ·ɽܣٶ๫߾ߣϳ˱߷ٱ˶кٻȥٲױ߾ϷԭͶ࣬صľһȥ¶Ѷͦ裬ҪʲôͷϹҪϱ߾ճĻѻ˳ûţмҺͰ鲹ͷԵģ˽¸Աߵֹ˼䣬ᵽĺſ͡һûȰ鲷ӦͿ񱼡 
ĴܣȺ鼤ߣں溰˼ɤҼǼƾҪ׷Ű鲾һߵܡ 
ҸССʱ󶼿·ˣЩû׷һݴȿˮϢ 
ʲôˣ鲾δҡ 
Ҹո˵ĺſ͡ǻǶҰˮݸԭס񷴶Ժܸߣոץǡ 
ĺſͣͦ档 
ţһ˵ģ򰴴ȷֶĺţһͽгĺţ˶ôСҴ˴ЬڲϰЬϵȫĺſٲ¼ģ⺷˻ϲǱ˽̾ǱŤ͡ 
鲳Ĭ˰죬˵һ 
šڨڨӦţЬӣ߾߻йѸ壬ȫΪץˣֻʣŮ˺С䵽Щҡ 
ĬĬظڲϲ˲࣬ңӣ治֪öԲԡ 
Ҳ֪һҲܷŲܡ 
Ҹһ˵ĵطߣվڴϿûгҸѧˣڴϵСֻĸò˳ϣ˵ҪȥҸݡЩǴֻȥϣҲû໳ɣָ·˵ϿڸĻмС￪ȥǹȥ 
Ҹ鲶ڴϿڵпһСʱ˶ҪɹˮˣһϰСƵص˹Ҹ˳˾Ǵ˴ˣҲˬ죬һӾϳˡҸϻ壬һһеֻĸһæҵذ˺þòŰٺá 
ȵҼҹ㡣鲶ݺݵضֻĸĸһ󣬱һߵֻ¨мȥˡ 
ȱոֻڻءҴӰ﷭һ̵ݸЪ»㿴ڼġ 
鲽ӹ̵ˣұ̣ʱҲŵһ֧ϡ־ģûܾƽʱһܲˣƫƫʱݺݳڣ񫡣 
㷷ӵĳϵСʱһ·ȫɽҶѹһˡ˾Ŀĵؾ͵ˣ³ʱͦĵظ˵һСʱĳܵ˻һβ㣬òŽ¾ơ 
Ҹһֻһ㣬·ϵȳ 
ûȶþ͵һúȥ˾ϣǵǵͷĸͳȥˣ˾˿ڣӦϳûĵطҸֻںһúϣһһƨɺڣҲȫǺڵģֻš˾ˣֵض䲻׼͵ú˵˭ϡúû淢·ˡ 
ʱҸҲûϸ룬ȱúôרŴúȥ 
Ҹúһ·ߵũʱ빢Ѿܽˡũи߷ڿǰ漸ͣͣŹ 
еСţ˵û¶ֲȫͨûɶûΥƷ¡ҸżʱǣΧǰ漸֡ 
ֵ⳵ʱǰ˾սʿһصͷ̹ȥսʿûһ˽ı鿴Ҹ鲶ͦ񫣬˭šսʿ˾һۣתͷȥڿ˸ɫиӸһսʿǣһֻǹˡ 
ǳϵĸһǹһ˳򿩿С 
Ҹͬʱͷеԡ 
߸սʿǣŹسҿ˾ɫԽԽšǹҪߵǰˣһ鲣ܣ 
ͬʱֻǹ̥͵ 
赹ѪùˣȻ˶ 
Ҹһܣ߷սʿȫעǣ˹ҸûϼȻǹˣһӵȫҸ鲵Ľűߡȶˣû£ʹ̵ľ񱼣ɽĵطܡ 
ǹ죬ҹ˾Ҳˣ϶ʲôҸŲ·ĶĲĶ㣻ʱ治ͣ˵ͽŲһս 
Ҹûܣսʿ׷ҸдСʱмҲһǹӵɹ·˵ۣѪӿûͻȻһǶһûüӦӴˡ 
·ŢһŻһһӵϷɹ˵ڵϹ˼մסˡ 
ҸѾӵɽ±ϣ¾ϽˮϤεĹٱǹǳ·ϱƵġ 
ô죿ʰ鲡 
ҧгݡ 
Ҹûаԥ¡ 
ڽˮﱻҵʹǺ˼ˮ֮󸡳ˮ棬뿴˭֪ոջعȻ׷ǵһսʿҲɽˣ 
һͷƤ飺ɰˣҲ̫ƴˣ 
 
 
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ҿսʿûиˮʱƴӰߵʯͷȥǱ߾ʯ࣬ȽϺòʱҿ鲣ֻһһĴʲô¡ 
ʱǸµսʿѾˮ棬һæǱˮҡֳŶ԰ķ˼£ԽˮԽҼѳֲסˮһӣоûζԶֿﲻסˣæͷˮ滻˭֪ҸһˮͷϾһӵɨһɽϵսʿɨңˮҪûˡǸˮսʿǹߴ֪սΪָ·ιһţҴææ˿ǱˮҲ˲㲻㣬ֻ֫԰ܡ 
ˮ´ӣ÷ζҪըˡҪˣǱǱӵҲ£ǲ׵طȷʵѿ˼ţͻȻо˴סңΪǸսʿץˣһǺ˼ˮͻȻоǸ˴סҵĺףһ˫Ĵôõľ˹ı׼ơ 
ǰ鲣ﰲ˰ 
˼ңһ΢ЩѸٳһΣٶȱҿ졣ֹңˮҲųˮݺ˿ÿûô 
Ҵһܣ鲶һֱιȥǼʯ棬ɽҲǣǸսʿڽڣûзǡ 
ҴҳһڣɽϲݴԵĶ˿β˵ձˡ 
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㿴ݴԵĶ򡣡ָָ԰ĵˮ̫Ŀ׷ǲսȥðΣա 
ȻһһɽϴǸˮսʿɥ˳ȥˡˮֹ۲˰ݴԣȷ˶߹˲ʾϰ 
һϵ˿ڣ۰˵ۣϸȫǱݸƵѪǱȴûƵġһƣ˵Слɣôʲôк˵ûҰս飬˵ѵУ鲵һۣ˵ʮʱҰ־ӲҪҸ±幫︺ԽҰܣոһƵġ 
ĬȻˣԼԼػеˣԼҺεĻоҵı˶ûУһʱʱóҫһ£۲һ±ˣһ뵽һ͸Ƶġ鲺˵ظǶЦʲôأ˵ûʤҸ˵ġ 
ȴÿȥҲ죬Ҹ˰һͣˡҸһһˮһҵֻˮһݿ϶ˣ֪˻Ǯ鲵Ĵûϣǲ֪ʣͣĽҰĻҽҪҵ㡣Ҹҿյ˶ѻ·ôӶˣаﻹһûķ棬Ҹһһɽųԡ 
ұ߽߷ˮݵĵͼᣬ˵ʧˣ֮ǰָ룬Ķ߶֪ 
ûŵͼ˰죬ִһܣͻȻָˮ˵Ǳǹ 
һ㶣֪幫︺ԽҰܵĵӵţ½ۣ̲סһ䣺ô֪ 
˭֪һֱ 
û˼˵ҵķ档һҸ·ˣЬһʱɣϱﶾеֲҳŽߣֻôʪЬϨ˻ǰ 
鲸ոָΣҿΧɽֵģҲֻ˾ۼԸһˮߣ 
һ·üߣҲ֪ûжƤգһ¾Ϳȥˡе£ϵ׻мϹԾҲֻӲͷƤƹȥĩ˻ͷ߱ԹĿ⡣ 
źһСʱһ·ϵķⶼûʲô仯ǣŰ鲿Ц˵ҪðܺϸӰʲôģ㿴ݲݵĶƯЦſң˵㵹ֹۣ׸ү˵аҪʲô˵Ҫ̫ϲ˵㿴Ʒζһ˵㲻ˡ 
˵ҳ 
̫ιϲ󿩡ι 
ⵣॲࡪѲࡪ 
ɽڿι 
鲢ï㵸ǰ˸ŤĶѰ鲶ЦҪڶΣͻȻĲݴɿһ£ܹһҲˣ˾ޣʲôǺö˸ɫȾܡ 
Ҹźܣ׷ԽԽвݴԵ졣֪ˣ־֣ҪǱ߷ٱʱ翪ǹˡ 
Ҹܵһˮĵطһ£׼ıܡһѣһߵȥҺ˼ӱϾִܳˣŲǹһǰ澹ʽǹҵʱˣȡ±ϵаͳųǹȥץŰûسܡ 
ġϰ壡ңǶųǹ˽ 
е죬ǽϰ壬ͣ˽Ų󿴡һҲ͹ˣﾹһҵ֯ĸоҼغè 
Ƕųǹǹһһè 
ôҲˣͣסŲͷȥˡʱһֱ׷Ҳèʹк磬ҿɰǸҵˡ 
Ҷһ׷˿ɲٲײеǸСϰô 
ҸһǹֵܣԴҵλߡèǼҶϹϾģǸСϰҲһĵͻ̬ȣ˲١ҿһۣʣôһأ 
ϴԴǶӻȥˣһʱزèҸ鲣ϰôС˳ָָٲײеСϰ壩һ˵Ҫȥ¶ϴ֪ˣһ·׷˵ũǱ׷̥˶Уһݾ֪ǡϰǻѵ˵ڹؿϱ˻ѵģǻûǹ 
һһ¶ѣ䲻һ䡣 
ǣϴ˼ȥ5׮ǱߣǼڹӦèЦЦ¶ǱԴ磬Σղ󡣡 
ΣղŴأҲɽֻȵβ͵èһֱʵҼԸԴԵףҲţҲüϵĹҲ۶΢üͷҲдҲİʹȫǼٵġ 
ôˣèؿҡ 
Դٲ֧ӰڹһߵԵף˫ԵסҰѻ˵ˣһΣա 
ʲôǸС˳ĲСϰһԴôԵף 
èҲ㶵ҡͷܣһĶŪˡ 
Ҳţ⻰ٲױ߷֧ӵУڵ绰׿˵ġῴһۣݾԵٲѹ¿ܾ⼸¶Ҫϵһпܻڽ׮ 
 
 
 
  
 
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˵Уⲻô˭֪ǲǱ߶ϱ߶˹·ġ 
һ˵ҵϱ߾ԴҶʲô㡣 
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һ˵ҪʥڡұƱӱϴ 
ȥϴûУһҴϲ䡣鲱ұʣһôͻȻŻ 
ô֪ǺģҲǸڵ˰Ҳˬ´Ķһˣһ첻ϴŻ 
鲵ͷҪǲϴžͱӵĴ 
Ÿɾأֲ㣬һ첻ϴζȥˮ 
ζأ鲺һۣ°һ̧ʲô˳ˮң˯䡣 
մ˯Ȼ䡭ҼСرԹһ䣬ûˮݸͦ㣬Ƶİˮסˡ 
Ҽʵؿ˿Ǹˮڨڨȥϴ˽ţϣһ£ߺһ顣 
ϲ˲䣬˫ۻػס°͸ϣһ顣鲿Ѫѧ˵ʵҿ̫Ҳûſ໥ůıɵʲôֱе캦 
ƫƫ鲲ôΪ 
Ҽô»һһ̽ͷĥ䡣 
˷Ӧ飬һۡ 
Ұùڴͷϣ˳ưŵڿϣ촽ϸϸպͶͷĴϡһ˳ӵҴסЩͣӣ۾΢΢š 
ΪֹһƬá 
ҺＱȥͷճһС־ͱץסˡһ£ͦεңĬ˰˵ܲܡ 
йˣĥĥرסϷ£㲻룿㿴㶼Ӳˡ 
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ұ˵Ūе𣺡㲻㣿㾭ڲ˳ 
ⲻңô㡱Ѿܶˡ 
鲻ͷһۣԹԵתȥе죺һ첻Ҫ 
ⲻһ⣡Ҳĵȥһˣһû¾Ҳ˰ 
㷳ܻ˵ƣ¶㻹˼ô 
ôͲ˼ˣ׷֮ 
ڨڨظĵȥٿˣֻȥ˶ûٷŤŤظұ˯ˡ 
 
ڶѧУһĿΣûڰǶס죬һʹ绰ҽӷˡ 
˿ȥӻû߰鲡һһ˵ǹƥɱģ̧־նʮģûТ㣬׵ 
ţһӣȥĶֽʮǮڣ㡣 
СһָͷңʴûȥˣʮǮãܿƿơơ 
ƽҹȥԴͦȵؿ˿һû׷󡣡 
׷ӴԶܹʮǮҡһһժΧϳ 
ҸһܵһСĵؽȥ˰ţţͦڵһʥ˷žһȺѧڴƮѩжеص׷Ҷ㶼㲻ɹһſžˣָͷһ˵ûȤʹһ꼸ꣿûңһͷ·ȥһСƿ߿ұʹҡüһӻˮ࣬ҴйһʲôûüǱһѩǵصˣ˵٣ԽԽŪһԴǡʱϻսͦ࣬ǰһһôȫӿˡһòֺҾͲˣȫûһǸɵģһԴѩһζһֺǺǵشңʣ˵ͷȥϴ裬ôʪϸͷ÷ס 
ҸڽһĶһôġ 
һ˵λû˵Ƕȥ 
һƶ⺢ӽԶôģôͻȻ߶߶һһûҶͣһ·ȥһѳʳ˼ƿơƸ¥ 
һЩʲôأô˻ҰյԻҿŷԿ־ȥϴ 
ⲻͼôһü˳۵бңʲôһи¶ 
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һһͷسһһ֣ɳһӣԼȽԡҷˮȥˡ 
㵹ҳıӰ£ϻʪأϴʲô˰ǡ 
һһ¶̽˸ԴʳָһһࣺҪһ𣿡 
ˣҪҹسЦ 
鲣 
װɵ͡ 
һһۣû˵ͰŸˡ 
ҵȥ֮ԭվһϰɲʪδ䣬ڵ۲øǮЦ˳ֿ˿յʼ·ȰѩŪʪ·¶ 
ʱһԡϴ裬һˣҲûʲôĹ˼ɡҰѿյֱӿů30ȣȫǵֻʣڿ㣬¹ʼ滻·նûӣҾǱžһ£һ㶣̽鲽ˡ 
ҼҵԿףʱҲ֡ 
ҹеΣǰֻڿ㻹ڲ˼ҵͷ鲣ôˣ 
鲵ʱҵرֻࣺôػ 
ֻػ㶣û˰ɣ˵ҸոףӶͳֻһûˡ 
ôˣҿеˣûŴ·ʹչȥ;ҷʡһ£ѽˣƽҹô25ţҪ 
˭˵ͦ˵ذһۣ̣˭һأ 
û˭һͷ˵Ҫôȥ 
Ŷüëһ¡ 
ͻȻɫеơ 
ؿϣһڵشԡˣһˮСţ۾һգһգէһͦ棻˱ͦ㣬ڶһ˳ԡļƣֱ޲Լ 
һˣ鲲ԼҪ롣˵һİɣô˵ô 
ӣҼ·ҡ侮ʯһ䣬ȻͿˣӴˣ˵ֿͦңӣѹ˸أػأ 
Դһ£ҿ鶹ײ 
ʲôʱ򵽵ģ˵һ鲶Źһ۽һһġ 
յģӹӵĻһΪ֪һͦ˳ֳ˿ҵëͿʼͷʲôʱһԸ겻Ҳġ 
ţǡҿ۾ˣغһֻʱ䣬ͦҲûȥˣԷ¶Ӷ˵ֱ֪ͨҾС 
ţУʱ֪ͨ㡣һͷ 
Уˡ鲿һۣһЦſȥ 
鲣Ҽ˽һ 
ú˯ͷݺݵؿһۣӲһЦݣңҿȥ 
鲣Ҽ׷أѹ룬Ҹûʲô 
˭룿һû֪룿 
˵⻰û˼ôקסͷ˹һһۣ˵ˡǻԴô֪ҸԴʲôϵ 
һûѻ˵꣬Ȼ˦ңһˤˡ 
Ҵһϳֲóȥ׷ҵԭվ˰죬һͷͿһͦ޹վǶҡ 
ôϱëˣɵ㶵һ䡣 
ѻؿһۣ÷ 
·سԸ 
 
 
һҵ˯˯㣬ҴͷϿӣһһ־ơ 
˾ᣬ̵ġұ߸̻Ҹױ˵ 
ƨ鲲ڼ׼̻Ҹ׸ʲôһҵ̻ҸףӴŷģͦ۰鲰 
õõó̡Ұһۡ 
һһ֧Ϩˣңӣ¶ 
ʲô£ŵңĵбһۡ 
ü۵ġ 
㣿Īشչȥ 
ʲôһ¡ֲ˼ؿһۡ 
һ㶣һʱûӦʲô 
Ҿͽһ¡һͷȥ̣ﵹûϣһҪ 
һûëɣ־ȥͷ 
ҵ֣˵ײף㲻ұȥ 
ȸ˵ץס첲 
ʲôû˵Ⱥˡ 
һϷϷӴˣ 
żأһֵۣȥҾһ¡ʲô 
лֱ˵ 
Ҿһ¸˴ࣶʲôоһһˣοңЦʲôЦ㣡 
ҪײȥԴҶ 
һݺݵؿһۡ 
һ£¸оһĥĥֿˣ軹ûء 
Σû 
˵ôһƾҪңǲǸǶŶֲȥ⣬Ҹô귢Сһôˣ 
õõ 
šһԶԾذ۾ˡ 
Ұһ·ɿˡ 
ˣܲ 
㻹ҪôһۣûоǰɣֲԴȻûо 
һŸ첲Ҫҡ 
赱һǳأôģ 
ֲǰ鲡 
ǣһˣǧɻΪһ£ôѣôѣ 
ҿ⣺һСֻ˼ô 
һؿңһΣҾǰ鲡 
µĴëˣңɫȰǲ˵ʡ 
˵һ 
һ˵ţ۾ֱţ̧°ͳңһɵ͸˵ı飻øģԴ 
һʵͦÿȴŮеӢ˲ζˬ־һʽĹǴһͿ۽ëһһģʱʱ۵͵͵һۣͦˣڿʼԴΪʲôϲ 
һҡ 
㷳֪鲵Ĳжô 
ôǻǶԲ޳غ˺ߡ 
˿ȥס 
ţһһʾҼ 
ұŤŤطס΢˵ʱ촽΢ţͷ䲻ؾͻȥˡ 
ҾҵһӾˣµģ˵ûоò˼Ϲ 
һ۾ͷ˶Ūסˡ˵㣬ҹ˭ܵ 
ҾеԾûӦһؼˡ۾һֱţûңе£סԴϸϸŪ 
֪¶ˣˡ 
ֱҶͦȥһΣ֪ʱƲסԼˣһԶԶ֪Σԣңˣ붯ˡסףͷϯĿǻŪе㴭ɿңûǸᡣҰס磬ָ˳ӻ˯棻ȨһӰŵҵĴϣϰԵؾҪ 
ʱһסҲӣǲŪң 
һ£񣬼æסְ 
ģ߳·߿ң衭ţ涯İ 
еΣûҸ˵ʵԼͷϿ 
˭֪ôһۣʮ鲶ڵġ 
šҵ͵Ӧһͷߡ 
ȥĶҡ 
ӽ˯ͷвУҰһۡ 
ȥȥȥͷػӻ֡ 
ҵԡȥϴ˰ˮԼԸֱ͸ˣʲô˲ãȻȥһҪ汻Ūʲô¶һһл£ 
ؿͷҸԴ绰źŲãСɭѲأҸʲô 
Դû°С˿ŵءҸ㱨 
˵ʲôءԴһ˼ˡ 
ûʲôԴ㶯һһˡһӣ֣һٽ£ 
лҪ˵˵һ¸¼ƻϱǧֺ25ŵϢ26Żָ¡ 
ףλʥ֣  
 
 
ڶһ˰ĵԷиѧҵСп಻ͣMVRҪιۣҵʮҿųŹһڵڶסԺ¥ſںŵ 
һ˰ܽ飬ͦåظָ㿴ǱǸʿͦƯ 
һѪҺڵĻʿһۣ˼ʮüˣʿأʲô 
ģһŵֻͷ˿ãСƵġ 
ˮڶ⣬ǲŸƵġҸѪҺڵĻʿۣ㿴Ů˲ס 
㿿ף㿿ôѰ鲸ˣ 
¶ҿһۣͻȻǲˣĬһĥĥôأ˼ҸоΣ 
ʲôоװɵ 
ʲôĸо 
ûоԴšһߡ 
ûо 
˵Դ˵ѹͲǸֱġ 
˭˵Ҳֱˣһҡ 
Уֱֱû˼˵Ǧʻֱ 
һûңһĵض̵Ȧˣһ䣺Ҫ˵оôеġ 
ȫëըˣҾһ䣬æ⻰ͷˣԴȥ 
Ҹ˵ءһڨڨңҪۣһΣұȽһ¡ 
ͷӶ챻ˡ 
ˡһۣ˭ϡƵġ 
ҲͷسסԺ¥Ͽʮһʮ¥ҵĵȫţҷô챻һͯƷˡ 
һֳһ̵ְ֧̣ӽԵͰĩؾʹչˡ 
ţҿ 
һѸײڶ֮Ƶظһ¡ 
գ̧־Ҫأ 
Ҿһ¡һ촽ûоһ˵ǴżȻ󡣡ͦһˡ 
ôԴԣҶϱԵûСҶݺݵؿ 
ʲôһͻȻסˡ 
ʲôҿ 
ʲô鲣һɫһ䣬һ˦³ȥô¶ 
ػͷһҪسǸ׷ȥˡ 
ҾԴһӾͱˡ 
 
ģ 
ɫѿؿڳϣڲԶҪǹһڳ鲡 
鲣Ҹûʲô¶ӲҪȥģʲôҡһϻ̳Ͽֵ׷ڰ鲺棬ôǫʱ 
绹иСϢԵһȥ⣬߿һ۾ߡ 
ѽ˵һԷôĵҶˡһͱ˵Ҹô꣬Ҫ¶¶ˡ 
Ұ׹һһۣ˵費˵ͱ˵ҵġ鲵Ƣ֪һôĥá 
һҪԷԷȥбŹһӵ¶ף߶߶ġ 
һƵسһۡüëһִӶóǴߡ 
ҹҳһߣһĵȥһ鲹ȥ 
㳶ʲôأſ鲺ǳңҽԺزԼҵľ¥ 
ûקĵסԺ¥ߣһȥǿҵƽʱ˾٣°˸ӰûСקİ鲽˼ҽʦϢңһ¾ͰŸˡ 
ʲô鲸ոķһȫûˣҺ𣬡ǲ췴ˣҪǲ¶˵Ӹû꣡ 
Լ˵ǲ¶ҡҰǽϣͷͷ 
¶أˣ㿴һΪҲ֪ʲôŬңһҷۡ 
һĥԴ¶治Ϊ˹ҡૡ 
鲱һûһµϢŪе꣬᣺ǣһǲšأҿ۾޲óȥˣΪҲ֪أһһ͸ԫһС 
Ҳˣ˭ԫһУ 
Цһ 
ҿˣ 
Ҹо̫áңſһʳøûˡ 
Ȧסʵʵ˵һĥԼϽš 
һüˣ 
ˡ 
һߣоɺã 
ûѳס 
ֺһ 
ôҿ 
˵һҳŶͶŲţۿҡ 
šֱȥһӰ¥ڻ 
ĵٵűſ鲺ݺֱһ¡ 
ҲΪʲô߻𣿡ȥҧ䡣 
鲲䲻ȵֺһ 
Լ˵⼸ô¶ȥ 
գôôأ鲼ˣһԸƵĴ˭飬һʲôеģûԵˣ軹ϡ 
ûϣرȥò鲣Ĳˣ㿴ⶼˡ 
ɫؿңû˵ 
鲣ᵼ䵭Һߺߵһܵȥܹǡ 
㰮ȥġͷذͷתһߡ 
鲣ҰԴģʲô¶أ 
ҿƤһ£ڨڨû˵ 
ţȥĴ꣬£վûظˡǵüһһ룬ӴȣϲͰ鲽ǣĴ˳־ǿϲִݼ׷Ϸʱȡ 
ɿ鲣§ԴҡⲻӲôҲͦ밡Ƶ˵һ 
࿪Ҳʵ֣ 
ôУſڿûˡ 
鲲˵ȥľѡ 
ӣ͵ͿڣҲ롣 
ô 
촽䶯һ¡ 
˵ҿ 
鲵һۣ촽䶯һ¡ 
ЦʲôЦˡ 
ûЦġ 
٣֪㡣ֵġ 
ҾáһرסǰˣûϰߴӺÿУ˵ֲ 
㷳ҲСġ 
Ҫ㡭 
ס죡ҪˣԼ¶֪Լ 
ǣ¶һô 
죡 
ܲ棬ǵߡ 
˭˭㡭 
Ҫԡʲôܰɣ˵ 
ס֣Ķ 
 
壩 
ôôһһۣݲױӸҡ 
һ϶³ôҸҧ䡣 
ƨ³ܰ㲱϶³һȦӡһңϱ㶨ˣ 
šұ߷ױЦô⡣ 
ɲɾƣԼ˵޲ޡһָָ㡣 
˼Ҳ¶˭ġҺſͷס 
Աһţ޲һͷͳſڵС㺰һɤӡ 
ʱ鲴ϴֽһЦ۾ûˣ鲣Ҹոո˸ʯϺ 
š̬ͦͰӦһ 
һЦòӶģҾ֪ɩӰԡ 
˭˭ɩӣһ񲻶ģ̲ס˵ 
һһۼŰɵ֡ 
ǶٷһͼȫΧŰת۶ɨһۣ׻ޡҺܲ˵һ赱ģʯϺһûԵȫŪȥˡ 
ϸϸװ˹ģ˵ǰҳԲ꣬һ 
һ˵ܵô˵ֵ߶߶سǱ߿û¶֪ӴСͲϺġ˵ū澹ǵض˹鲵뿪ʼϺ 
죬˵һĺҪھ类ҵˡ 
˷˵ŵȥԺȰ͵ҽԺȥ¥Ŵת͹һȥ 
ôΪʲôģұ߿ 
Ҿ֪ҪʡһںӾңոհôʣ 
ˡҺߺһû˵ôŻȥԴһʥҹģ 
˭ʥҹأһ쵽Щʲôһң˵ˣڲô 
ڲϣҪҿ˵Ǽ꣬ÿʮСʱ뿪ԴʮûУ 
ٿš 
ûţõǻ޲ԴһȥԼᣬ֪ĻΪԴ̸ء 
Ϲ˵ҴӺӾ￴ˢˡ 
ڰɣ˼Դô겻סҳͷϧ 
㷳һͷػ˻֣ˡ 
˻Ҹٱ˼䣬Ϸɻʱһֻˣһ޷ʾһʱûӦ˭ 
һ绰ţأϻϹ˵ûУҷġôǶɽˮĻ˹ڣȥѲǶ㲻ˣ㻹ôǶֲ䣬û¶ٴС˷硭ңôмһԸŮأĶŮȥұһ 
Դ 
һͷָָĹӡ 
Ȼȥ졣 
ȥˣһұ˸ͣתӻ֣߽绰߳ȥ 
תȥȡſһڳЦͦͰʥʱϲḷ́߳ʱһȺСżʥñЦûûΣͯʱػţз·һҸζ 
Merry ChristmasϷƮյĵһƬѩʱ˵ 
 
꣩ 
 
 
 
40  
ҺͰ鲸èڹϵŵȥ·ЬС˳ҪЩƷҰϵ˿ڰˣžû̩˵ 
һڱ߾ʹ豸磬ĿľǷ죬˵ԭʼķȫķǰһĹ˵ȶʱ仨ǮŪԼĵ̨߾Ͻӵʱܷ 
һèǶʱ죬һŻعǻϡ˳ĻʱһӦڽӻһ۷ 
߸Ұ˿ڣèǼƶһߴߴšҸؿǣʱһ¡ 
ԴĳǹֵͬܣҲǰϲˣһĿȻǲֻƫԴ֮顣 
è߹óλߣ˵һЧҺͰ鲵ͷ˵ϰ壬ϵϴ󣻸ոһ£ڹʣµ˸һҹϵ¶ѽ׮Ǳȥ㿴Σ 
ҵͷ²˳٣ʰüһߡ 
ڰʱտʼǳèң˶õĳҪ³ͽߣһĿ̫ע⣬Ǳ߽ȷʵûпɹִͨߵĵط 
ǰèݸһ֧ǹ˵Ҳá룬ͦǹң˵ҪЩ̫׼һӺɨȥˣţؼʱܱ 
鲿ǹȽУѡ˰ɢǹϵ˵࣬䲻׼һһǹ 
û鲣ʲô 
ԡޱ飬˿ϵǹͦá 
ͷƤ飬ֻħߡ 
׹ǹǹȵèͦ壬 
СʱһӡЦЦûǹˡ 
ˣǹʱѪǿڹģǹ͸Ůһˮɡèһ֡ 
˵˵ŮˣǲǶţô 
š鲾Ȼһ˵žţ  ĸ𻹿һۣŮˣ 
ϳһ˳ĬضҹɫǰУɽ·ϵ˴ԼһСʱèк˳Ѿɡ߷վָָɽһߣǱ¶ѣǰ5׮ 
ͽ߶ãè 
ܵߵһèһ˵֧̣һ£񣬴Ӳ̡ 
ôãұߵ̱ʡұộҷԴϺҵˣôȥҷǵñɸһǹɡ 
õģԴ˵Ѳʱ򣬰ٶʮ߷ߣһ߾졭èհѻͷͻȻʱԴеףڨڨֱ͡ 
һжϲŪһڡ 
ˣڳϽߣױ¶鲿Ҵ˽֡ 
èͷ֪Ϊʲô԰鲺ŷڳϨ̣һк· 
һ·è鲲ͣؽ¹⿴ߵɽƣʱʱһ£Ҵܵġ˻̲סǣʲôأ 
Ҹ׹ӿɽƣûʲôȻϡ߾ĵط࣬緢èЦŸҽͣⷽ׹Ӷͦࡣ 
ʲôŵûʰ鲡 
ĿǰΪֹɽ֣׶׷ִڵӦò赽ֵطɽϿ˿è˵¶Ǳͨ龳һ·ҪܾǶٿڵϿˮ 
·Ƕ̫˾׷пڻس̵ʱèԽ׮ǱԽΣգСŵϱ߶Ƶģһſſһ죬˵Ҳ̣׼˾ʹ򣬻ûӦԴûˡ 
˵ţǰͻȻͣ 
ôˣ 
Լɫ԰ףҹȥһһСɽһԲʲƿһƵԽҰ 
Ұֵˡһۣȥͣڸ 
 
ɽ֣жͷܡ鲶һ䣬ӵţСġ 
һּž˼Сʱ񾭸߶Ƚţһֱû£ƽúܹ졣賿ʱˮè˵͡ӵһ֧ͨ½߶Ͽȣֻмһˮͼխĺ̲5׮ǰ 
˵ڸϸ 
ʲô 
 
Ҿ㤵ؿһۣ˸ƣèǻ˻֣һԶ¡һ˶׳һţѸԵݴӸˮ 
ô죿ô 
ȡָָˮ԰ϱ߾Ƕ 
ô֪ 
ûĵطˣǽ׮յĲ 
һͷèͬصͷ 
ҿ˿棬Ӱ´µ˿ʲôãֺûԭض˴жʮӣڳסˣʰ鲣Ǿôţһʲô취 
ǲܵǰȥţֻȣһǹǾͻڻ鲿˿ͷļһӵλ˵ǸϱһģھƴйһǵķӦ 
ϱ߲ǹҲҿè촽ôġ 
Ҳ֪Ǹ⣬ҲŽ 
鲳Ĭ˺ܾãèԴʱǲǸһһ𣿡 
èͷǣϴΪԴѲŶʱ䣬ô 
ϵı鲻Ȼһ£Һèһۣ漴˳Ĭ 
ôҴ˵ 
û˵ݺݵؿèһۡ 
Ҳתͷȥèɫһ䣺⵹Ǹ취һᣬӦ˵Ψһİ취 
һ֪ˣֲĵʣʲô취 
Դϴľè˵һ¿һɨѲϱߡ 
㡭ˣҵ 
ȴ򣬲ɱèסң࣬û취¶һǹܸȡһʱ䡣 
ҳĬˣ֪һܹؼ 
ˡ͵ذסҡ 
ͷƤһιȻԼԼмӰʱ賿ӣɫ̫ҿͷ˵Ϥ·ƸǹһԴ 
ͻȻʼȫսţеʽ棬˵ʲôо 
èܺ˲ǹʼ׼ 
ٵȵȡ鲰˰߹ǿʯͷ 
֪èɤ˵ 
ҵĿʼð죬ÿһ붼Ǽ尾ޣа뷨һؽ֯ǰ 
Դ͹һ߽ˣˮĸУһ˱˸¨ڱϡһû˵Դͷûµһһ¡ 
סԴ߹˵ǿʯͷ 
顪èǹˡ 
Դһĵ¡ 
һس߿ɽﰲ˲ӣһųǹߴһҧǹͷ䡣 
治֪˭һ䡣 
Ļɽɨ˼ǹҪսӦߡǹһܵľѻᣬҿվûһ 
һҧͻȻˣԴвͨһʱ֪ԴԵףԴܣʱ˵Դ˵Ǹ׸ 
ǡ 
ţͻȻпӵһ˹ȥһûüӦӵѾԴͷƤ˹ȥǣԶǽѪ죬ͷʹżʮԶҲ 
֪Դûˡ 
ҵˣһܲˣʲôʲôа費ϡˣ 
ҳۣ𣺡˭迪ǹ˭ 
 
 
 
41 
ۼֿסңǳ㲻ˣ 
˭ԴҳèǱߺ𣬡µ֣ 
èؿС˳С˳ſǹƣҡ 
Ҹ˹ȥԴһӵɹ鲰סң¶һ˵ȹǰ 
ҺۣŻ𣬶ųǹһͨɨ䡣汻һ£ȵ׵ĹһʱڷӦˣӿԴܣн 
һӹȵҪһζ£ûûĺ׳ΪĿꡣһһ׵Ĺ򣬼ϾһǹҲһбС 
һһͻͷ˲üѪӺһɢǹͳ滹ŵļҲӱ¨һﻹռĵƲã󣬵ʱܻһơ 
ڻûȹһèĲǹͿˣͻͻͻ˼£ͷһۣӵˡ 
˵һ֪Ķһǹ»ϳһΡ 
ôȥҶ 
ӣѳǹӸңһˣֱУĿһӾҪˣ 
Ҷ˵ǹͬϻһȥһȽסһ־סһͻʯͷһֻ־ųǹȻǵɨ䡣 
Ƕˣʲô˧ϽҶ 
Ҫˣһ̧ͷһ䣬˵̧һǹûӵˣҿյϻܻؽе 
һµĵҩϾޣĶܸȣֳ𲢸Ǳ߷ӵĶ֡ 
ͻȻͰˣ϶ǿյģһơ 
ϱ磬ʱɽйѾˣһɽϾ͸һĿ 
һһҧһӵɹϣһʱ˿ѪսսΡΡأŲ 
鲿ȥˣһӲݴ˳һǱ߻ȥ 
ʲôҼôУ鲣 
ڶϷɿ˼һ˦תȥϾͰһǹ 
鲣һҲźˣ˵ģʲô 
ַ˼ǹȻͻȻͣˣɽһذ 
ˣ־ڶ棬˰鲲ܿǹ 
鲸˰ѹһſڶǿܣ 
§Źһסϵ˿ڣŰ鲣ȸ 
һҡͷ˵ţҰֲôǾ˵ˡ 
㡭֪˵еҪ˦ 
ǶߡһһϱߵĿңǶûá˵ôصˣۡ 
˵ʲôҽס죬鲣ʲô¶һ 
ɵߡ鲿˿èèߣĥĥϴҪˡ 
Ҿ˵һſڡ 
죡˵ҺǳûüèҾܡ 
һСϱ߰󺰡 
èҴУҵģһҪӲקܣС˳һ˹һԼϣһ飬תͷȥèһְҸˡ 
գҺ 
׹˵Ķԣھֻܣٻȥǹè˵šʱû˻ɨèǷɱü죬һͷɽ￴һۣһӱ߷սʿӶ涸Ϸɿػ̧Դʬηɱ 
Լ֪ܡͻȻˡ 
èŽɵذҷһ߸ƶһԼϵT˺״һֹѪұܱ˺Ѽõȫˣɿظһ֫һһʱûֻѹš 
һſС˳û˵֪Ϊ¶èǰ濪·ǲԭ·۷Ϊ׿ľͣɡ߷վɽ˵ϱߺͬһ·ֱɽߵġ 
ӽ׮ص³ĵطͽҪߺüСʱϳһСʱĳ̲ŵ򣬾侯ӵ׷Ҳ֪һܲܳŹһأȻϾ 
ôϹܲǸ¶Ҹè˵һʧѪŲ˶ãȡӵ죬Ѫˡ 
ϰ壬˵ô죿è֪ѧҽģⷽĽҲ 
С˳·ɡߣӰǹʲô·ߣйٸϱߣעȥҴŹһһȥβ̵ĵطҩҶҽֻҪֹѪҩͿԲҽԺͦһ˵ 
СèҧҧͷϴͽˣСġ 
ǲȥˡҳ˵գٲ׼ 
֪èͷѼѳֱָֽʲôȫңȡ˸ˮͱϣèְԼӸңԼųಲС˳ɡķˡ 
ұѾ״̬Ĺһеͷǰδеĳء 
 
ұŹһͽɽСʱ֪ǲèǵնãһ·ߵú˳һ˴Ҳ֪ǲԭȴȥķβկſһ󣬰ѹһؽկһʯԼɽϵѪϴɾȥôԺȥկӿڵĴ幫һƿĪ֣һźųϰҩĸ״߾ЩѾѵãҲ̵ĵطයҴææЩʳԺ뿪ˡ 
ɽ˶ѻ𣬿˾һȡӵʱһˣû״ʱһҧң˵𶯱Ҹ㿪أһߺһţŶһһȫǺ 
ֲġһ̲סһ 
һأȫܵһһҰס𶯣ŵһš 
һҵڸһˮƽƶɧˡ 
⣡һ𼱻ǵؽˮƽȥҽ 
ǿǱ׼пƷѧʦǶֱĸαûʦŵ㿪ĵ¶Ͳˡ 
ûĵ¶ſƵ˵һ䡣 
һͣסˣ֪Դˡ 
Ұµҧţֱȡһӵͦ 
Ҹ˿ڣֿ˿˺·ȡϵĵڶӵµʱ̲סһҲɶ˶٣бһۣڨڨʣԴԵף 
㶼ˡһ߷һ߸˵תעȦ 
ĬˣҼͻȻ 
ۣ 
ۡϸһ¡סˣŹһ 
ţֹסӿס޴µңԼ 
һͼȥȰ֪ӺȰЩǱӦע 
ˣկﴫЦģũŮũʱŶС 
һӣ˿ 
紵 
ͻȻסˣۿеʪ 
Ӣ۵ĵط 
ƬĵϣСĵĴ⡭ 
 
 
42 
Һ͹һɽס죬ÿ춨ʱҩ˿ڡҵһųǰҩĶ֪ܲãĪֵЧǲɵġҰѰĪɷĩڹһ˿ϣ֢ѾȥȻжȻ㣬ѾûΣաҲ֪ķΣҵȥֻܺһɽ·ʵ˸·˶١ɽпҸһûһ죬Ҹ˵ҺͰ鲴ݵ¶һ·ľմ̼ϸϸţʱʱظ˵һЩҰ֪ʶһⷽ涮ñҶ࣬Ǽ׽߿ųԣ˻ܴɽèʲôģһ·Ҳį 
ǶʶûԴ£֪⻰⼸һɡ 
Ҹֲͷ¶죬ڵٲ׳⡣ 
̵ĵطҸЩҽйһڳϲȵѵһɽԼϴɾ̽·չ㣬ٲ״ŽѰల£ŵߣһжʵ 
͡ߣͷֹյ֣ȥһĶ̩С 
һ֣ҾԶԶؿ̩еժˣֽһ첽߹ȥֻšתáȻϵ绰ٶ١ 
ͻȻ߶ȽʶĴû˸ҡҷɿرסǸϵ绰תߡ 
èһˡ 
ͻȻ˼ǻʲô¡һȦ쵽Żַݶϣô¶а 
ԽԽĻţ뵽һڻһڳ⣬Žֵɱҷɿܳǣϲȵѱȥֻöµûţ꣬ǳꡣ 
һɽǰɤ溰֣ûӦҿˣŴɽһȦûˡ 
ͷ˿ûС 
ˣץˣˣˣһԺлÿһ˲ꡣ 
ҾһӾͿˣֻʣһˡվڿյɽſڣ޿ȥ޴ӣת 
һ費 
 
һٲ׳ǽ͡ߣĿġҲ֪ҵһվĶݣ˼ģ 
ֻһٿǮ֪ܸɵʲô 
ڳ˯һ죬ĶܡҾϳԶٱģȻ߶Զ߶Զ˻ݶ׼η 
һ£˾;˺ܶࡣϳǱһСһˣá˷ҽ˷绰ǸĵġתáֻŲһȥ 
Щ¶ǷŲ¡ 
绰˽ӣԷաιһҾͼˣóè 
èǣҳ 
ϰ壿èһûҽһ䣬ֻǱ߾ͻˡסǱߵͳشһι 
ǹһҿˡ 
һұеᣬô¶ 
ӣúûšһӸ֣ԥع˵绰 
һִȥѾ޷ͨˡ 
еޣҲǲֵ֪ķҲǲ֪ʲô 
ʱһûüµ绰ͻȻ۶ȻͷһԽҰԭأϷɿԲսˣɷ˵ذק˳ 
ûǮأϰС 
ԴסһʹҰͷڳǰϿҵˣǰ׿䡣 
ǵһڣ㵹ǵƤúܡ׿˵ 
ûҿ 
áһһҵԲʷ˵ȻԼתȥˡ 
Բʷǰڳϰٺã˭û˵ɳһ·šҿ˿ϣûа鲵Ӱ׿ӣӦûΣա 
׼ҪҸʲô 
ϵһ·ĬҲʱ͵鴰ľɫǾ24ڿԽҰֿһ磬ϵȥԷ׿һڳңǳ극Ҵ˸зҳ˼· 
ĪرǰڲţʱϵļĻ˸ڿԽҰһֱûͣҹɫŨҴ֪ǵ·ߣݿ 
׿ҪֱӴһݣ 
ڵʱ򼱣һڱﲻסˣŰ׿ߺߣܲͣһ£򼱡 
׿͸ûһ 
ֺһ򼱡 
عͷһۣһ۲ɰҿëˣɤŶ𣺡ǻˡ 
ͣ׿ûҰǸȨֺͣͶ˾ĩ˿һۣ㲻Ҫôȥ 
﷢ëӲͷƤ³Ҵ·ߵĲݴϵ򰡡 
˵϶ô 
׿仹ͺõһֱҡұû취ǵв°ŨŨ⣬⿪ӻضŲݴˡտʼ˼Ҳû¶ˣһӣһӣϳɡ 
ң㲻ܣ 
ҷʲô 
һûңתߡڨڨظ棬̲ס鲡ôˣ 
׿𣬿һۣأӵȡˣû¶ˡ 
ﰲ˰û˵ˣԹԵظߡ׿˼ͻȻתŭĿӣԶ 
Ҳ֪ôش 
˶٣˵Ҳټ㡣 
ʹһ£죬վû˵ʲô 
ϳݡ˵ĬĬߵǰȥˡ 
֮׿ұҲûһԷʱС⣬ǸѺ˵̡ļСʱŶԲʷǽЦȫûһЦ󣬴⽥Ϥķ羰ҳĬעŴ⣬ֻһġ 
 
 
43  
һѵ⹫ 
ұֵһҼҵԪſڣ׵ôۣ࣬мڵԪſڲָָ㡣 
ϣԿ粻֪ĶȥˡڵԪſڶתת˲ʮӣϾСҡ 
˭ǿɷأ㿴˭˵һӻûضйű¿ˡ 
ǱһŪ㶣ϸң˹ƵؾУⲻôѽԲסһʱûϳ 
ɵЦһ£ǣⲻŶɽˤġ 
ǱŽɣְͦصظұ棺ͺǰһ㲻ڣ⹫ŷƵأһǱҴüʮ绰˵ǱԼڴһ۹üѰ£̯ܿӡһɵ˰Ĵգⲻ˸Сһأ˵ֻҪ͸ϵ 
ҶѰ¿˿һᣬǱּһ䣺滹С 
Ұ˰˵ÿһǱ˵Щ鷳ˣܲܽǱҵ绰һá 
Ǳǿ˶еûҳɣһرҴ绰㷲زͨúӱĵ绰ιһŽӵģһҵ˶ˣ˼֮Ǳ߶⹫󺰣үӿǻˣ 
ڱмشССʱ⹫ŷ۵糸شӽϹˡұ⹫¥˼ţһ⹫ʹӵ۵Ĵ㣬Ҫҡ 
Ʋعڿ֪Լûұ⡣ 
Ÿ⹫һŻţүӣүѽ˵˵˵˵Ƕôˣ𶯲ʹ򡭡𼤶ĸѪѹүӡ 
⹫žһ°Ҹǰ˵СĶȥˣҲأҲϣֻػ㻹ǳ˰ 
еûӦͷֱ¡˰죬⹫һۣʲôңһ˵ȥˡ 
ƭ˭أܰγ⹫ҵ·㿴ӣ 
ҡǵΡҷϣȻӿ㶵Ͱ͵ĻƱǿǰǰĳƱ 
⹫ŽɵؽӹƱˣżæһԴԲⲻôүӣ˾ʲôΣһƲؾܳȥˡ˵꿴ң㿴ǲ·ϱ˸ˣ 
Ȼصͷ 
Ҿ˵λǵøţҪһ˶Σհ۵ң֪Դ󣬿Ҳӿΰεȷżȥǣ˵ǴѧˣƽʱϿɣѧ֪ʶô 
⹫ʱ΢Ż˵غһ 
żæȥǱߣ˶⺢ӲȱˣС͵ģȥ˵տң⹫Ŷˣͼʲôͼƽƽ⹫Ѫѹ´οǧˡ 
ľȻصͷͻȻޱȡ 
ӴӴ⺢ӣ˵仹ˣѽѽżææң˰ޣкӼҼҵʲôӣ 
ҹŲһվû⹫ȥ˵Ҽˡ³λҳ˷ȥϴ裬ǧһŻȥˡ 
⹫ŶߺҲȥ绰ԣһ򿪼ȫľս꣬һһңǸ͹˾ҪҪͬ⣬ٲػҪˡһŻŵشȥͷĶȥˣʱ챻ˡҶûʵȫ˵ˣһһ㶵ģ˵¶̫ˡ 
Ҳãôôûˡƣؿڴϸģ⣬Ҳ²͸ 
¶ͣͣСģˮܱҪ 
ôб¶Ҿ˾ 
ǣǹ˾İӡ˵߸һǱ߾ˣûкǼȥ˼Ź˼͸Ժ˵ߣԺΪзûͬ⣬Ǽ͵ػ 
޻ûɣҲʡ 
ûĺˡοңǼ첻ǲôֻܸżϸĥ¶ܾò̫ԣ˵Ķԡ֪ǱߵǮׯˣΪˣ˭֪չ˼쾭Ӿ͸Ҵ绰ҽйȥѵһ١ 
ҹ㣿һӾͽˡ 
˵ꡣңȥʱҲûף˭֪ǶӳҾͿʼѵң˵ӦΪ̰ͼ߶ϢͰѺϷʲǮׯ˵ӵɶɶġô£˵Ǯׯİ鵽÷ǷմڴھѺϷƲ˻ԻȺڣ˵ҲǱԻĹ֮һҲֻýȥǮͣͣ˵¶ֲ֣ 
аŶˡ૵ 
иаŶء˵ٺǾͰǶǮȫתǰˣһЩǮȫ֪Ķȥˡҵʱɵˣûȥ˲飬ǮһûڵǮׯһйصȫûˡ 
ҧҧ 
ջûֽһձ͵ˡңһȫͨء 
 
ڶһ磬һϿΣͬѧǼҶͦ棬ǰҵһͬѧ͵͵ң˵ЩĶȥˣԱأסҪͱȥһ类ˡ 
ҸЦ£˵ûôҾǳˣҪԺȥͬѧ˵ȥû⼸һڵøƵġ 
˽΢ֱԺ죬ǸԱѧ칫ҡץһѵ¼ҾˤϣǣҲ̫ˣ 
ҿǶѵӣôһƬհס 
㿴ѧڵƽʱɼһŲǱ۹ģָ޲ֱţӿڣҪǱѧУ֪Ͳˣ 
ǵһۣڣѧǻûô 
˼˵ѧ˭֪ӽ˽ã˭֪Фƽ㣿Աһɸֵģô˵㣬ǰһФƽûУͽܡ֪֪¶أҪ˳˳ضҵ˸Ժ˭оã㿴һ쵽ЩʲôҪƴţ˵㡭 
ҵͷûҷ 
Ա˳˳˿ڲ裬΢˵ңǣ˵Ķȥˣ 
ϣȥˡһ˵ǡ 
°üңҲǸ¶ˣôͷֲأܴ̼ˣʧˣ 
ûҾ쿴˸־ͻȻȥˣ˵ȥͻġʲôˣûţֻһ·һ·ͣ͵ˡҿĿİͰ͵Żѡ 
ǸԱһˡĩ칫վһˣǰ۾ɵԲԲģ˵òҪ´ΣҪȻֱӱ񴦡 
˳üӦ˼سѧ칫ңһͼվһװˣҵĻ챻ûˣһǰֵ黹˾ 
вʶңҵͷӲͷƤ߹ȥ鵽ϵһļ̧ͷļӴֱǡݴѧXXȸ۽ѧǼǱ 
һ̧ͷű߽Ժ죬Ժ֮˸ʺԺ¡ 
˼룬Ǿ뿪ܽԺ죺Σոǲ븰۽ 
Ժϵң˵ԡ 
鲲˶ôôʱȥۣ 
ŶҲǲԡЦеشȥǻһôȥһֱӴȥ 
лҪ˵ף֣ 
һ½һ  
 
44  
źҲڼֵ࣬ŵͷƤ 
ոѧڵ绰ﳳµģΪԺһʹҩDDDsʱһ£ƺȾƵذ˶ʮ죬һڵʱˣ𼱻ǵؽȫȨ 
迴һݾˣ˵ƾʲôдȫȨ㵱ԺСأѧ˵һǧֵۣôֳɵ׻㲻֪˵ҲϤһ鰡ҶоŶãûɣҷעĳԣҩϻƣʹֹʹָԭѧ˵㰮ддûô鷳ѧ뵱Ҵ鲵ʱ˼ҡ 
˵ססҴˣддô 
ѧˣ˵Уǰ칫ԿУһӲοöö٣ðѸӶ˸ҹĿ 
Ҷݺݵ˵û⣬ѵһѵ绰ˡ 
᲼ƬƬƬɴƬȻƬĥĥڵǰһһ㼷棬дӵԶ˱ѧⲻԸŰô 
캮ضģϷûůſյָ촽һҩϢ뷢쭡 
20ͣļߵֵ໤ʿϺһɤӣһˣĵӵǰϰ׹Ӿߡ 
Ϣұ߱ʡ 
65УһСʱǰʹʶɥʧʧʿܱ˵ 
ͫףұ˵ఴѹʿ澱ʧޡECGʾҲûеʿܻܲеͨͨ·עmg 
֫鶯ͫ˫ȴఴѹӺзͬлʿһξע 
ʮӺתΪĶ٣粫Ѫѹ00/70mmHgECGʾ㷺ǰļͷ󺹣лʿȥ̸ø˨ 
ͬˣҷԸʿҪ졣ҰŲǰأƽȡ 
һ˭˵һضĵͼ 
һӣӣӡ 
ҲʿС 
ҧҧ촽ԹˣԸʿؾע䣺ͪעͬʱ̼ƺ͸¶㡣 
ǡʿͣȥˡ 
ޣһķңҰס˼ఴѹʱݷûãһпҽ 
ġָеʿϲؽһ 
ʾҪ˵̫磬ԼҲֹסļֹʮӣָƽȡ 
ʿô֡ 
ٹ۲졣俴һۡ 
ȻͷӦţĶɵȥˣ߶߶ܳȥмȹˣ 
Ҳ˵̫չǸ˵ġ 
һû̫ãһɤӣ20 
ͷˣ˵ôˣôһֵֵʲôˡҿ첽ܳȥʿУͶ򨶥­ˣ 
һ񣬿˿ƳѪһţ֪ӦˣԸʿФƽԫ׼­ 
ʿ̧Դң׽һ 
һˣĸпսĸ 
СʿηһۣҴˡ 
תȥ׼ϴ֣֪⼸ƢոһǰСʿˡ¶ܲô 
˫ͫɢСʱһʿڰش棬ͷ­CTʾһ򨶥Դˡ͡ӲĤѪסҽ 
ȥҰû­ҳ 
ǡողǽФҽСʿίرһ 
пԼû¶ͷ𣬡׼ǰ꿪­ȡһʱ䡣 
СʿŻŵˡ 
ҵоרҵֻڼת­ұУڵҲûʸƵʱûФƽչȥͽȫѧԺ֪ģֻǼ򵥵пΪȡʱ䣬ҶԼġ 
ʿҲҰʦȫӣҳֹյڲȧԵǰһ׵ĵطµǳɣƶƶںȻǰ߷ڡ 
µܰûԥ˰ѵпƤ귭¡ 
ˣԫͻȻҶ𣬲֪ʲôʱˣϴվԱߡҿһۣǳƯ˿ڣҡ 
ޱ飬һߵת뿪 
ԫҺһ˻һ 
ФƽϾˡҽƱ 
ˣʲôƢԫ׼­״ס 
ҿ˿̨ϵĲˣ˹ȥбԫһۣȥõꡣ 
ʱ򼱾ҵֿˣФƽææس˽ѾϴˣѾˣ 
пԫ˵ͷĸαеģ⵶ڡ 
Фƽˣһֻһ۾;УѽѽСģ˵ôƣôƣתɣתüֻҪͷ 
ûФƽʹļһԫǿף 
šԫͷһ 
ҸƵ̧žߡ 
ФƽĵسҺһ䡣 
 
賿ɹͽICUۼˣſҽʦϢɳһ 
Ӧöơԫ䲻߽Աߣƻᱻû츳ϡ 
̧̧ۣ 
֪Ϊ˰鲣㲻Լǰ;Цԫ˵㿴ڼƣθ㵱ҽá 
㷳ֵһϰˣܲ˯һҺ 
Ҫˣʲô㣿һֿҡ 
û㡣ƵӦһ 
ֵࣿҡ 
š 
ҪҪҸ㻻 
˭㻻 
ԫڣǵǼ㣬ԴһֻʣˣҪٲȥӽ 
˭˵һˣһˣ˭˵ģ 
ðɡڨڨͣͣһһֱʧ٣Դ 
Դʿ 
ʿʿֲ˵㣬һ¶ 
бһۣڻʲôû˵ֱĬһ 
Ҫң⼸͸ô绰ҡ䲻ؿڡ 
ҲĿԡԫ˿⡣ 
ҽɳĥһ󣬿ڸȥФƽǶȥţ 
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˵ûУֿˣ˵ֶһоŮİɣ 
бһۣУܲọ̈̄ɣ 
ʲôϧ񣡡һӣ㿴Ǻ԰һ·ǣ򣡿ǣ򣡽ʫ٣ʫ죬򣡡 
콯ﰤŮоǴ绰һһ档 
ҵһμ;ͦƯ΢һ¡ʱ޵Ȼֹһֻһ۾͵ˣɢƴȥҲ֪ǻôģֱʦһ绰Ͱҹܳ͵Ůѧ಻̫û˵ʰ׼¥ 
˭֪߼Ǳ߾ˣǲԸߡͦ޵ذʾ˸кóкլ滹Ǹšëˣɱﵣ˵㵼ʦýһ磬һСʲô壿ϸͷϲҵ 
ηһ£֮Աǣ˵ΪҲ֪ЩŮѧʲôɫףXXݣȫǴѧٿǮһϣƻڡ 
⻰˵ˣ浱ʱɫһ䣬ۿˮ 
һξòףҲ²̨æϹȥԲ˵Ǻαأ˼ҲԸˣ˵Ů˵¶ֲһ˼˵ǲǡ 
һ̨£Ųݲա 
浱ʱͦмؿһۣҳӻ֣ʾȥ 
 
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鲻عһϵǡȫУӲĤ׵ǼоöпգѧͤؽǼ꼶оһȥιۡҾеŤܲסѧ˼Һм飬Ӳ˵ʦǶѧϰ˵˼ҲʿѧλڹõĸûϵѧһŶϣ˵ʲôǺѧ˵ľ㣡ٲȥѧУҵϲˡ 
ŤŤĻȥˣվǳɫ֣վţ۾΢΢һ£֪ǲڿֺЦһûӦߵļͬѧһϹϾк 
ʦֺá 
ƺҸһ¡ 
ҿ׼ֹ࣬в˺սվС˵˾䣺š 
֪ҽţбһۡ 
㵱棬ô֪Ҳ֪˵˾䣬ûҿ 
ûšһۣվãվǱȥһ롣 
šҴӦţûߣĬһпûԸ 
šȥһߵ룬 
ʲôţ㻰ءбۿ 
СأѧҲˡ 
ڨڨ߻ߣҸ֮ˣʵ 
ң˽ȥر𲻸˵ؿһۣѹô˿أ㵱ǱƵʱ򣿡 
СҲͷӦһ䣬Ǳ߰ѾžҺѲ˷λһһŲ˵Ĺǽڣࡣȷʵͳǰͬˣȫһֱʣ̨ˡ 
L2룬ɾ䣻ӲĤ⴩25 G׵룬ĤĤǻԼҺ̻ע벼ȿǻҺѸ١ 
߼ѧɵ÷̾ѧҲ⡣ 
鲽˳׵룬ӲĤ⴩ͷ뵼ܣ˷ƽѪѹʡѪͶȡĵͼƽ档׶һǳɣ˿ûˮ˺ܿ˯ӹеʿݹĵʱҲ͵ؿһۡѧҪǳβͣʱ򶼸̵ȥˣϼһǰ˺Լڰ鲵ƫ 
֮ĳ⣬ûгڷԸһظʱ鲾Ȱѿժˣ΢΢һЦ֪ǳһǳѧҡ 
ܳ˭ЦݶеΡ 
ʱҵͻȻ죬Ƶĸʿ߽ҵͷƽȥ 
һ㶣첻ֵࡣ 
ҽѧν㡣ʿ͡ 
ҵ˵ۣû˵ˡоѧרҵѧϰͿת֣ԿתΪתĿƾ͹ĿƵĽѧֱӹڳѧңƽѧξҶͷ˾ 
ҸǸʿȥһ·ҿһ㣬ʲô£һ˵賿һ׹¥ģЧˣأˡ 
˵׹¥ֲǸðͦȶˣֲҽȥģʲô֣ 
ʿһۣ˵ߴӶ¥ˤʱûûŻûСʧ֫ܶ޷ͷҽ״̸ʱûȷΣգ˴ѪΪǾ 
ҳĬһ£ҽʵ̫࣬ൽҶľˡҽԺʻЦǸҽģʲô˼¶ȫǼƵţҲѹƢսꡣʸʿȥʲô˵иˣǼͶȫſڴأνȥ¶ 
˵˹ˣҾǸסԺҽʦѧģܱܲҵƵʹ 
⻰˵ȥ˭ʹأʿһۣȫԺ¶֪㶯ɸƵģ˭ͻȻȥԴżˡ 
һҾͲʹ죬˵õõ߶ˣôФƽһУȥȻô 
ʿҺܱ߶ҿѽת㿴һҪѧٴΣ 
ûܵƣϼҵҽףֱԱ 
һŮˣظˣʮͣóͦƯ 
ұ߰߶ӱ߽лʿ鸹ǻϴҺŴCTҪҪ 
أеʿ 
棬˹˹ĵģʲôӦò֡ʿûشҡ 
ñ¶ҿһۣʵˣ׼ʸ⣬ҲͷǼнѲӸСҽԼȥܣʲô 
ȼǼս׹¥ļ꣬߶ظˡνʱֹѪǯβᣬ˿ָЦ˵ŲҪԺ͵Ǽǰ;ء 
˵⻰б¸ѧ˵ȥҪ֪㱳ǽǣ϶㼱 
˵ͲðŪȥأ˵˶ʮѧûôû۸ġ 
һ˵Ϲ˵ 
ûϹ˵ȫԺ֪㲻ʺ϶ҿ־ԸΪдˡ 
һˬûƲֵذѻ߸ˡ 
أɪһ¡°ָָ棬ȥ̸ 
ұժױߣôˣһ 
Ϳ߶Ǹ߸ӣɫ׵ǸθһָĶأǱߣ߰ѥģ˶˻ͷˡǸ 
ҳ˵˿ȥҲڿңʮ̼ͣпţп߰ѥ͸Ӳ̣˫ȱѪɫƬţü䵭ƯЩϤֻǲϤ顣 
һ˲ҵľǱԭӵըһ 
Դҵ˵ȫѪҺˣѪӿúӣ͡ӣŭ׽һݺݳ忪ҳõļ֮š 
ң߹΢һ£͸ɻ󣬵òҽô 
лҪ˵ڶʼİֵͷ񻻵ˣѾɵ=w= 
 
ڶҲ֧֣Ϲ   
                   
2  
һסԺ¥ְʳã˶࣬ʱһƴҵһȥʳãһ·ͬԱǼȾƺ͹ǿƵˣ˵Ĳ㡣 
Ҳǲܡ鲳ſӣ㶣㱾ϹïĿû 
Ϲôˣ 
иƵϿϰšһСɵˣӵԴȴûû˵Ըɡػ䣬ʱƻͦ䶯 
û˵ܣ¶ҷҧҧеаš 
أ 
¥ϲŮءҿŰ鲣ոҼһҲ˵ 
أ 
һ£ûӦʱҴƣ֣˵룬ûҡҾһҿʱˣһͷԴվûϡ 
ǩأ 
д䡣 
Ա˰졣 
Ųȥ˵롣 
 
Ҹ鲴Ӳ߳˵ݣٹŵʱФƽܽͦ棺Ӵ鲣Ƕ 
ǣǰյģ鲵ЦŻӦ 
һճһ𡣡Фƽ˵ͦᣬ㲻֪СİΪҪȥ츳ǣ˵һָȰȰҵͽء 
ҲɺФƽһۣҽû˵ܸоԴٸֻ˵ô 
˵˭ճһҪǳԴ⵵¶ܷԲʮ׵ذҸˡγﰵﶼڶңҪۼֿռ˸˵ܸܲԷء 
ûФƽ;˵ֱICUҸվ 
ȥƣбһۡ 
Һߺ󣺡Ƚҡ 
Ϲ˵Ҽǵ㱾Ƶʱӷñ˭𾢶ءջĿ⣬Ҫ츳ȥưɣⶼС 
֪֪ͣͣΪʲô 
ʱ򶣵һݵˡ 
鲿һۣ߰ɡ 
һҧȥˡ 
ҵʿվȥ˲ţŮĽǣ27꣬һʡˡʿվÿ鲻˶һͨСУ۾˷ܷܵųҺüԵػڰǰ棬ŪûʿĲˬɾԽҳ鲵ͷҽóҪ۲ûȤˡ 
Ҷ΢Цܻͦӭ 
ЦŻңǹȥ¶ 
Һתһơ 
ǵĲǹˮ˯ǸϿţ֪ʲô 
ûô䡣鲿˿Ӧ 
˵ 
Ҫѯ鲵Ǳ俴һӾվˡһûӦסңҽܽһ˵ôͼӣᵢ㡣 
Ҹ鲶һ£ϵͷУȥĶ 
跿Ϳԡңֿ˿鲣λҽҲһô 
صظҶһۣû˵ȥˡ 
һסԺ¥͵ڶסԺ¥֮ĿյмС跿˸յطˣҸ䲢ţ䡣 
šʲô£ҽŵؿ 
̫ˣѹԴ 
ҽԴһЦ 
Դһ˲ͼˣ֮һУسҾһҵ岻ܴԿƣʱһֱֽץԴ⼸Ķȥˣ 
Դɴ۾ңĬһһֻҵִԼڴһֻʽֱʷϡ㶣һЦ㿴 
űʶ꣬ñ治̫ؿһԴֿ֣ñһߣٲȻһ 
鲽ӹϵĸֱʿ˿üֿҡ 
ʱſڣԴ˫ϥͷϣңǰӦʶ 
һջźáƳĬĬһ߶˶վû˵ʲô 
ʶ΢΢ЦſԴ㲻ǵˣ 
Դǰ֡ڣǰҳ˳¹ʡ˵ǰڲӵʱ߻ͷ󱻾˻ҰʹҰᵽ棬Ҳʱĵġ 
տʼסǱ߶ʱʧأҰ趼ˡҽҽҲ˲¶ǲ̫ȫңոտҾ;رϤ֪ǿ϶ʶɾҾ벻̫ 
ҸҪڣӵһѰסˡԴǶѧͬѧҸʱһ࣬ǻǰ 
ҿ˿鲣߬Ÿֱû 
иһࣿԴЩϲǣǲҲʶһ 
ҿüëԵؽһ£ʶʶ 
Դº͵ЦЦؿǸֱʣŰ鲣˫ƽܸܲңһҵʲôϵ 
һ⻰סˣͷġӵһסϥͷұ˵ 
ҲǵʱͬѧɣСطţôͻȻôʣ 
˵ʲôоɾǺ֡ԴҾҸһһʲôϵ 
ʲôϵ̲סˡ 
Ҿǲ֪ԴãȻһۣһڼ﷭ǰľװ¶һֻɸֱʣֻͦϵʽˣñֵͦؿ˸֡ʱҾ;֣Ҳû̫⡣Ҽַ˸ɱʼǱʲôҲûдҳϳʫȻд˸֡룬˹һ֡ԴһͻȻĳģʱҲ֪ǲˣȥҰ裬˵ûСܾòԾһҳ¶һԶ֣ҾʶˣŪͲ̤ʵ 
˼£һܡ 
һʱͻһ˵֣֪Ǹɣڱͨ˵ԴʧЦһ£Ҷһ֪¶ֱ֮ˡҰǱһҧҲʶˣλɽһһҵᣬ֪ͬѧ 
˿ڲ裬һʮָ棺˵¶ҪǸȥȥ飿 
ֵͦġ鲵ԴװҿĬĬбۿҡ 
ȴ֪˵ʲô 
ԴԴһ֧ͦˣʱҵʱ򱣴úܺãǱʼǱɡҾùһǰӦǶҸͦҪˡֿңǲǣ 
죬ؾһ䣺ǡ 
λݾרΪˣ 
ɡԴͷԼЦ£٣һǣ߶߶ؾ͹ˣ˻ͨأʲô¶գգۣҾ룬ܻһǰ¶λѰİɡⲻһͰǶλѰˡ 
ұе᣺ɲԵ֣˵ⶼû˰ 
ЩйһŶûԴͦڴؿҡ 
ĶأЦŽӹ˻ͷ 
ҲǹʧЦҶ¶еˡ 
ҪǼϰǰ¶Ҳġ鲿οʦƵĶòࡣ­Դ˶ϸ𺦺ԲѪҺѭĸıȷʵԼ书ֱӰ졣ĸûӰ쵽ѾͦˣָǸȻѵḶ̫́ǿҪȻЧԴοʧһ㶼µ֮ڻָڰɡѾ˼ָʱˡ 
 
 
Ҹ鲲վһ¥ȵݣû˵ͦѹ֡ 
Ϊʲô˵ʵҰ˵ؿ 
˵ʵ鲾һۡ 
ҸһڻǳĬˡ 
Ҫô˵ʵ˵Դʵ㰵һʮ꣬˼ҴȦȻ˼ҵһǹˣ 
ͦá鲰˵һ䣬ûеֶ˶٣Ҹô󶯾ûһ˵⡣ 
⻰û˵ָʲôҶ֪㶣һ֪֪һ⼸Ķ 
ô֪ҡ 
겻֡Ҹ˸ͷ鲴ҴɨһۣûУ¶롣 
֪Ȥر죬ʱݵվˣҸ˽ȥǸʲôˣ 
鲿ңʿվǱ߲˵ô 
֪ϸĶȥʲôáû˵ 
㶣ң˵أ 
ҧҧܣôһ˾ͰŪˡ 
һأֲûѧơ 
㿴ڶԹһǸճ˸ŤôҲɷ 
ֵĬˡ 
һ·Ĭֵ㣬ҿ˿ĥĥرһ䣺ʲôһԸɡ 
鲷ɿؿһۣ򴽣ûڡ 
ʲô˼еѻ 
ǣҽֵࡣңȥֵ 
Ҳֵࡣһһͷĳһ仰תҼȥˡ 
ڼֵӦǸŮҽһðװֵøʲôƵģ°ǰصص¥Сȥһ֧ɿ 
ҵֵȥϴ˰ˮѲ٣һһϵİ࣬ΪҹƵ 
ԫļԫʶһͰҸȥˡҲˬظһȥЬһʲôƤЦأո˵Ҹʿ˵ֻҪҼһ̨ӣԼȥҡ 
ҺЬ 
ܰæһʲôģͦáԫЦЦ 
˵Ƿһġ 
ԫһѹһ߿ңⲻǶΪã֪ͷʲôأҪǲ⿪̨ҿԼ浶ͦء 
Ʋظ· 
Ҫ̨Ҳо⼸꣬ҵҽʦΣ˼һءԫңԼϲľƣǶװء 
˵ͦᰡФƽǮҲͷص 
ҪǵôҲ㵱ҵѧԫһ䡣 
˭ԴһۣԼȳȥˣҾǸФƽҲ㡣 
ңǸСʧȥ֪ǰŵҪһֱץҵֲšû취ֻøĺţһ˯ҷ־ͼԱߵѲػʿһֺǣҲڣ˵ЦʲôأǸѹ 
ϴֻʿЦøԣ˵ƵĻʿøأҽʦͷȫʦȥˡһҽһҲۻ 
ұ˵ͦ˼˰ðһ䣺ⲻǻФƽô 
ѲػʿһﾪˣФҽǿ˵ĻĶܸǱȡ 
ԫһͦͷغһ䣬ЩӣҪǱФƽǡСأѵһҪҡ 
Ǵҷ׷ױһС졣˸ָҼżžͿʼԺȫԴ֮ȥ꼱ﵽֻж̶̼Сʱȴҵովһޱ䡣ԴĳҲû׼ǿҵؿոմϻǸѧڣҼѧУͼйڿ­˵飬ǿԼһһػԴµǸ˲䡣ԴмģȻģһƵֳǰŵЦҴкºһСЦǺܹ˰ģᶨأһ̤ʵοɶҡСͲ¥Сֶӵľ䣬ǵ죬Դϲ˭Ǿϲ˭Դ˭˳ǾͿ˭˳ۣԴ˵ĻǶԵģһҺ͹һûлɹ 
һΪԴٴγ֡С˵һüõ顣 
ǵԴ³ʱȴߵĳֶһӱˣһֲ֪ʲô˷ϵӿľϲֻ֮еԽԽ 
ҧŴԼҪ롣Դţʲôá 
ҩԫˬؿһۡ 
ţȻ̧ͷ 
ʲôţ˸ոնˡ°ͷȥ 
Ҽæ񣬻ŻŵزҩȥˣһԵֶҿͦġ 
СʱҸһԫֱмˣһ绰ԫҵ۾װûظһЬȥˡ 
ԫֽ̨˰鲣ұǿƽйȥһ̨ĥüֱΡ 
߰˵ʱҽԺ΢ͣ˵¥˹ͣȥƵš 
鲿ŰţôãҲǱĥġ 
㶼ˣһһְѷзϣһʳôķݡ 
ҲãҾ¥˸ӣ˶ûôԡһۣȥзӣཷ˿Թ 
Ǻ滹пϳ㰮Եģһֻ¿ӡ̧°ͳһָûϴϴ֡ 
ǹ㿴Ҫû㻹Ҵ˳һСͰŨȵҽþƾңպһ¡ 
һۣԼҷȥˡ 
ҸϴֲŶϢС輸ǰԺзҸ˼ӿϳԡ 
ԼǷжԼڿˡ鲿ҡ 
Ӧһ΢Цմһ׷Ҳûʹչȥˣ˵֮ⲻھơ 
һӾͽסˣèβ͡룬ͻȻӦһ¾վ 
һסӲϻһʹԴͶ׼Ĵȥǳֱ롣 
һץߣ۵ҲСһ֣Ҳ˲شϹڵϡûȥⲫѹסһǯ֫һ߷뻬·סϲһ£žһͺ𣺡ǣң 
һ㶣ˢؾˣûû롭˵ƾʲôϵô˵ҲֻǺͼ鰡 
ңһëڨڨϵĻңֻֻϷš 
û¶ɣ 
üһۣ˵ˡ 
֪ҡֹЩףɾǲ֪ô˵ 
鲲ңȥŲкзԼཷ˿ 
ֱ֪㣬ѹҲӳԷʱʱӲˡ 
Ұûҡһ䡣 
ûң 
û㡣 
Ҷ˰죬ƢͻȻˣˤ˿ӿʼ̡ 
Ҳˣҡ 
ţȥ𡣡ЦôȻ󡣡 
죬˵ʲôҵֻͷһ 
дѪ20ͣ 
ҿһۣ̾ߡ 
 
                   
4  
Ҿ۲ͣǱ߷ֱѧԫФƽĩͳϯǸԺƵһ꣬ڵϵҽ϶ȫԺľӢţ˴ʱʦͽܣѧ붼ûʹ˰鲣һƶû˸飬رֲͽܳţ˶֪ѧҲѵҲɣ 
֮ФƽǱߵľƾҪöࡣФƽ½ĸڣд̵ʸȴʱûдͽܡ˵ФƽûͱƫƫظҴ˵绰Ҹȥ͡ 
ֲѧһڻؾ 
ǣҾȥҳ䳡档ФƽĥӲݵģ㿴ЩһĶѧһ˹ҵȥຮװ 
˭˵ѧͺˣûطԺʮûһѧǲ߷߶ˣ 
ĶܸԺȡФƽڨЦ˵Ǿ۲ȫԺĹǸɣȥҲû 
һȥʵͽˣʱѧһ׼ҳƣΪɵءҺһ 
ûĶءФƽɰͰ͵ЦЦѧʦ˫ѡԼתרҵѧҲܱתǣ 
˵ôģ 
ƵȻáФƽڵ绰ͷɵ֣ǧȥ⣬ԫƥҲأȿ˰ 
˭أ̲סۡ 
Ȳ˵ξ۲ĵҪôҪôѧһʲôûͦᡭģ͵ҸæһȥФƽ˵˵ϰԵػˡ 
˭أѧҴӽҳӡʱһϣ̲סһ䣬㿴ⶼİСʱˣ˭ô鲣 
ʲô鲣ûػһ䣬ФƽĥߴҸȥҾ۲ء 
Ǿȥ¡ѧȻؿһۡ 
ţһ㶡 
ûУѧҶͷˣФƽڵ绰ͷϲ񣬡ĩߵ绨԰һȥ 
 
绨԰븽Ժ̫Զʱĸ·϶˰ֱӷͷȥ۲ûֵ࣬ѧǱҲУұֱӿȥģФƽҪһȥ˵ֲСۣѲɻҪ첲볡 
Фƽһ˵ͲУи˶̨һȥ 
ڨڨظһ·һҾЦӴСģڻתػˣҪһ 
Фƽһף¶ӳ飬һ㣬͵ 
ФƽǸһӲǻгҪһæФƽʱ̹עųѪвԾ׼ӼʱѪҴſֿҰ߸Ӳ̶ȶӣѪڸ߶ѭ״̬гѪԱȽϴ 
ФƽȺϸǻôϸµĻһ˿񹤱裬ԫսپĲçֱ硣ҼФƽϵ˿ڣϸϸһм 
ǣФƽͻȻһڸʲô 
Ҽæ񣬼ѾһƬѪһ㶣Ѫˣ 
֪ǳѪˣФƽôУոڸʲô˵꿴һѪżбճѪ㡣 
ϴֻʿһ׼ɴҪⰴѹҼУҪת 
ûУٹ۲졣ФƽüֹѪ 
ҿһھѪФƽбաԼӣҰ±״̬ 
Фƽݺݵһۣʱ֪ɻ 
ոʲôأФƽŵеұ߸˵ 
ûǰϵ˿أͦƯ 
ƨФƽбһۣͻȻ΢Цһ£벻ѧ 
û˵ѧǼٵġ 
ϲưɡФƽߺһ 
㡭ұ˵㷳뵽ող̨Ϸ˸ͼ󣬵㣬 
תרҵѧҶǺˣ͵㱾˵ǩءФƽ̧߿һ¡ 
ʲôҲɴ󾪡 
ФƽһЦôã֪ʺʲô 
ǡǡҼֱߡ 
Ҫ治ԸתҲû취û˱㡣ФƽڵؼŵҾðɣת 
 
ȥ绨԰Фƽĳϳ̡ 
Цһ¡Фƽתʱ˸Ѷȶҵתרҵôֲǽȥô 
ǣϲƣϲҿһۣ¶롣 
ФƽĬңǲΪ鲣 
֪бһۡ 
ҽԺ˭֪ФƽʧЦ㲻ǵ㱾ǻǣһ£ȫԺĻʿڴ 
㻹ʡҳȦ 
Ϊôˣһ˼ô 
Ҳû˼ 
ǲͽˣ 
Ҳ˵ҷת⡣ 
ǡ㶼֪жĽ츳Фƽ̾˿ˣ³ 
һ³ͿһʿøֻĸƵվſӭФƽȥʮڸԺҲǸԺݼ긾˻ӭǻʿФƽ鱼ŵһ첲ӴФҽӲСôã 
ͽܼӴҪֹȥФƽҵơ 
ˣǻʿЦеؿңͷλ˵Сתרҵ¶أФҽ㶯ǿ졣 
һ޲̣ȫԺ¶֪ˡФƽҷŭĿ⣬ҽȥˡ 
ϾӢƼѧҼһװ¶տڲרҵ¡ϯѧФƽԫͬһԫұФƽФƽԱǰ鲣Աѧҡ 
̲סһӿӣ˵ⷹôԡ 
ʲô㣬еûУФƽҷźÿӣңԺء 
һ̧ۣȻԺЦݿ䣺Ƶĸ·Ӣһã˲żüã˱ 
бۿ鲣װ˹ģҲ߿һۣĴţƯׯϣǱ鲢ҡ 
Ժ껰ʼʳԫһۣأô㻹ǸФƽ 
ҵɻȥҲ㻹ָҸ㣿 
ˣԫɷᡣ 
ûСҲͷȥй㣬вϣһڿǡ 
ԫһһң㻹ʲôҿ۾д֡ 
ûʶֳŰ鲵ķһۡЩ¶˵ֻ֪ҪһתȥҸ鲵Ĺϵǳ׶ˡ 
زȥԫת˻ҡ 
Ķһ˵⻰ҵƢֱˡ 
±ԫŵ㿴ô꣬һҲûȥ 
Ҽ¡һ仰͸»ȥˡ 
Ҳûȥ֡ 
죡ҲɵͺΪϵԵʶѹҲ䵱Ұ֣ԫ˵óڡ 
ԫڨڨüǣôˣһҲ 
ܣЦܹӲдô꣬ա 
ҽĲ˵⻰ԫһۡ 
Цһͷˡ 
ʱ򷹾ϿʼƣԿΪλըҸФƽʱΪˡФƽθεһƣűӶԶƹǿƸƷҸںеΡ 
ֵƣһۿѧҸФƽһЦթһʱûعֻű鲡 
ȵеˡ˵ҪһֲˣαظФƽƴ 
û£һûءҾűһЦ鲣Һһ 
ȥץұӣһεѾ͸ҶһһҺȡ 
˵ҪȥˣĿ⣬ĬĬԼıϡ 
ҲһЦôŶõ¶ô֪ˣ 
ˣФƽȷźþƿٱҡ 
ܶˡҲٱҾ㣬Ҫúøɡ 
ףǰԶ󡣡΢ЦŸ˱ 
ףƽơһ¸ĸη඼ۡ 
СĹơФƽתս 
ˡ 
ƨҿͦѵġҡ 
ˡ 
ˡФƽ첱ӽзԱܺӼȥǣаûУôˡ 
ĬĬһľϯɢˣֱһ·ŤŤתս¥KTVʱФƽҲȵòˣһҳ䡣 
ʱԺˣһ仰˵˺ú棬ǵ׼ʱϰࣻǰӲ֪˻˵ĸҽϹڡѧ粻ˣͦظһʿóۣܲθһ󷭽ҺФƽƵ̯ɳɵ֣ͻȻһͦŶ 
һӣûʵ 
һӣһʹ 
һ̧۾鲶ŴĻڳ൱棻ûңֻɵ㶵Ļ͸ڳĻ 
ʱһΪ 
ѤҲһʱƽһѡӡ 
ʱѷأ˭Ҳ첻ⳡ롣 
޿Բ֣οԲʣ 
һǲǣŮˡ 
лҪ˵˵ˣͬѧûһ¡ 
ֵ´ѽ֮ʣXX¼һĿǰ½жȻʲôţվҲͦз磬ΪײǹϣԶȫվ漰ΥʻĵطȫԿڿ״ϡ 
Ϊٷ˵ 
쿴һ£HĲ֣кܶĪĵطˣŪñʦơܽһ£һʱ䣬ӸСײHֿܱڣʺԷѪס   
                   
5  
񺣴绰˵Эҵ㳡Ԫڼʿš 
лҲֻǸһ£ȥȥ㡣񺣶˶٣ҾðɣСǸһȦظ¥ʱ򰾹ģɷȻռ٣Ǹ½ۣ㻹Ǹȥ 
˵ãԪû£һȥ 
鰸ʱл͵һʱԺƲͽ⣬ծ΢˻ĥƤƶƻ껹屾ϢҾлֱⷽǸˣ¶Ҫ̯ϿЭͿˣлһҧͦࡣЭ͹㳡β¥ڳʯﴣлＷǮһһ𸴹¶ 
Эӵǧ򣬼Ѫ޹飻ŲʣµĻǧǰӵؼ۷賤ʱĻ֮һתɽɱһһȥʵʵǧҵļҵлԼʽʱҲҿҪһǮЭ͸Ҽлһ˳ŵ࣬˵ɵ¶лûҰѻ˵Ұ·ˣ˵ǮԼţҲã¶ҵԼǰǧǷģʱ䣬ͬϢ㡣 
лǻ˵ж˵лǧ㲻ҪҵǮˣǧǰǧ¶ 
лһЦ˰˵Сģ㻹ᣬôǮ¡ 
㣬δӦлǱ߾һ˵˺Ҳ˵ˣ߻пͻأؼ 
Ҷֻ˰죬ͻȻëȻĪǡл֪ʲôˣ 
ͷһܿһϨˡлһ⼸ڵĸҲÿμҶһѭѭյĳģҴ˽Ϊ˴ôǸˡ 
лڼ﷭Լʲծָͷʮǧ˻ел˵öԣôǲþôšҸ绰¶ͻ˵ʦҪԼӪҽԺôһ֮ԱǣעʱٵӪҽԺ״Ҵ˸һ仰ҽԺٵȶʮꡣ 
˵ⲻһôбܱûãһٵȶʮҾԺء 
˵ǻԼڲǸԺԺȥ 
˵Ǹоһ̫ûгɾ͸УҪȥҽԺסԺ¥ҽʿȫԼģҽƵ۹ָоˬǣ 
˵аף㣬ҪŪ˲裬ҶԺЦȪ 
˵ޣ⻰̫ˣֻܵŶʮЦȪɡ 
 
һһФƽ鷿ľһʿվֱ˶ߵǰݸһֽ 
ʲôһߴһֻֽ̯߰һ۾˷ܵǩǩˣǩˣ 
šû顣 
㡭ôȥФƽң˫۾ 
̧°ָָһǣȱתѧƵʦǩ֡ 
ҡǩФƽֶˡ 
㲻ǩԫȥƾҪȥ 
׼ңǩФƽסִӰ״ӿڴֱ°ָǩˣҷڣűҡһҲ귿Ͱ㽻Ժȥ 
ô 
ڡФƽͷߣҲ鷿ȥ˵Ǳ㻨֦չӽҵ˹ 
û˼һ·鷿Фƽȷʵܺã϶һ㷭Цôģ˾˵յͽܣͽܡ 
һռ˶סԺ¥¥Фƽ¥ִ¥ȥĴλҸһ¥ݹսǣͿԴ¥˸Ͱ 
Դ붼ûѿڶ 
ҽԴұֳФƽͷФҽ 
ҷӾͺáҲɰ 
ܳԶˣФƽϵıͰһ¡ 
ϸܽʳھͳԵʡԴЦЦġ 
ûûУ˵ȥءФƽЦø仨ƵģҲۣ¥ҽʿ˵ϲ 
ǺӾ𣬱ĵûʲôԴһ֣ФҽȥҵԸ緹 
û¶ԣлʿǿš 
һ£ҸһȥҽסԴ׷ȥ 
㲻鷿ˣФƽվ¥ϸҷ 
Ҳû緹ءһͷһɤӣФƽһԸ¥ȥˡ 
ҸԴһ·¥̧žҽԺߣסзҵְʳȥԹ͡ 
ô˼ĶҽԷġԴϡ 
ô˼ǰǼҵĶˣе˵ŭקһסԺ¥ߡ 
ǰǼҳԷԴһͦ档 
ţǰҶŶӰһҴСͳǼҷҲһЦĽӣǲǺóԡ 
ⶼ֪ԴЦ赹ǲ̫Сʱ¶һǸ˵˵ҶĸСѧĸѧʲôʱȥÿĻʲôġ 
˵赱ȻСʱСô꣬һļûйһӰӡ 
ЩëƤС¶費˵Ҳݣ꼱Ĳ˴ͬһᡣһۣӿһԵ꣬ЦҪϲԺҶི 
У˵šԴֺǺǵأһû˸˵ء 
һϲ죬ȴȷԼҪ˵ʲôʱ¥ˣŲĻһƣһףԴȥˡ 
ԷʱҸԴͲ¥СֶӣСʱӾرϱ˲ӾȦӾԺƻԴҶùЦס˵ȻȻأѹҾͯûȤأЩ¶ô֪ҺǺЦſ˼ţʱ߻һһأǸƨɺһһߵģĹ˭˭ 
ȻأͰˣԴҧӱҡԴСʱϰ˵һ߳Զ˵ϰ߲ãʳõǣʵԼԶҲһϰһ鶫˵߽ĩسŲͽֽͦȻؽӹȥͲ죬ֽŶ߬ҡ 
ʱᵽ·ʯͦԶģûһˣֻѧʱһҽƤ࣬б 
ǣ˺ô󾢲˵һ 
һ㶣漴һЦ̫죬 
ҿԴ۵ȼһ˿ϣ̫żؾˡҰο¶ҲԵ֡ 
ǵÿԵ֡ 
Ҫã 
ͦãҸ˵ҹһоֱݣŪԼ¶û뵽Ǹˡ̧ۿ⣬ͦԲס¶һû˵ȵá 
ã̲ס 
Ҳ㣬ͦԶһáйǸһġԴ͵ 
ͦͰضҴܵģԴ˵趼šҪԴ裬ѹͲܷŶӸһĪŮǧܳʲô˵Դ뱲͸ñˣʳءҹƭ˭أ 
лҪ˵糸Ҵͼһ£һ¸ 
ϴ糸ĵڶСףȺǷ׷ױʾ⣬ǸĽһ¡ˡ 
ţţǹٷգ˵С׼Ӹ۾ԣǾͱˡ 
һźгͼҺˡ 
 
ģ 
⺢ӡҲҪҵˮ﷢֪࣬˵ʲô 
֪㲻ҪȥۿңҲȥҽԺ 
ҷسֻ̣ƵңĬ˳һ 
ԫԲ𡣡ͻȻֿˣ֪ɵɵˡ 
㲻ɵô˵ŪøʲôƵģ˵ҲáƣָԴԺԼ̫¶ 
ҾҸҵ¶ģ̇ͷҡ 
θǸ˲ҡ 
ͷΪ㡣 
ҿЦϧǡ 
ʮ㣬Ը˯ץųԿ뿪 
ʱ䣬ʱǼȥѾˡƣؿڷϣţȥһѳʳ˴һ¹˳ԣҲģ˵ְ֡ 
ְ֡ 
еᡣ 
ͻȻҵİְֻ֣ԥԥزһţսͨϹҵ 
˰ɡ 
ַ˳ȥڵضһȦ磬ؼңϴ裬˯Ǵµһ졣 
 
꣩ 
лҪ˵һǵڶˣұ֤= =++  
 
6  
ųĴڼֵ׼ȥҼˣÿһҾһϲʤӡ 
ôСģ˵˼ڿתרҵˣεˮңǲоתʱ򻹵ǼһΣ 
ôܡҰһۣһңҪ٣ĶʱҳԻͷݡ 
ΪסԺҽʦȻк١һʹļ׵ģ 
Ҳ֪к٣ֵô£Ұѱݹȥ 
ˣοһۣӴˣһ˳־Ͱȥˡ˵ȥֱʣ̧ۿңô㣬ƽʱֵҲûôӦ¶ 
еûһϼҡվڱϿֵ 
ϼң㲻ˣͦһۡ 
ǣ漮± 
ǸԫһطôҲ˵Ҫȥػҵ֣ڱϴ˼ʾͷӡٴһݷҳԱ 
šҽӹֵ˿׼ת 
ôˣôһɫͲ̫ãסϸ㿴㣬ĳ麹 
û¶յ̫ˡָָ칫Сڹңû¶ˣ⼸ûô˯ûš 
˯˯˯ϴԺ飬װ඼˯ȥˣ˯񣡡Һ۾ٸ˯һԣ 
õõáһһ߳ˡ 
СʱǰŴ±绰ң˵⹫󳦹סԺѾһڶˡ 
ڣһ·ɻ˵ʹкģҸŻˣ͵ҽԺȥ˵ǳ裬ҽ鱣ơ˵ſǻ¶ұ㣬ⶼһˡ⹫Һֲܽʳص⡭һϹͷˣܾڣͻȻ˵㡭ô 
ţšҰͻ뵽پͻ 
Ҿס˵ʮˡǱ࿡ 
Ϲ˵ͦĲ֢ҽǿǵ״Ȱû¶Ϲ룬⹫ͻ 
ھǺڡҪڸ߶߶ 
ЩⲻĴ˵˵ 
̾һǣ⹫һ쵽ʵ㡭 
֪ҵͷ 
һÿŲס 
ģһͺˣ¡ 
ʲôʱǵø绰ҽ˾Ǻ׼ 
 
úӣҲϹ룬Ӱ칤⹫˰ʮ꣬ҪǹȥˡҲϲɥ 
ĶأҪʵڲУ߼ҪЩҸŶ裬⹫ӹһӲʣû¶ 
鸴ӵع˵绰˵һףʵһ¶⹫θаһǰ£ʱǼɹһΪִ¡гǣ⹫˾գܲҿƬӣ֪⹫ûеθڣʱϣǸǩ֣Ϊ¶δıĴ˾˻רŴ绰һ١ 
˾±òƵλߣ͸ŶԺĲΡ¶ͦѻûҸۣԸȥϵʱ⹫̨ФƽоʱĵʦԺԵĴʱۿ⹫ĳܳʱ䱩¶Χܰͽɨ̨ϵ絶ǣǯ⽣Ӱ̾Ϊֹ 
ʱɹȫ¶һҶ⹫ʳעעע⣬벻ǳˣƫƫλ˻±ʱճĹ貢£µľʱ⹫һΰ䣬ΣڵϦˡ 
ҺԼͷԼҪ¶ķȥ롣Һݺݹһˮ侲ԼֻӾȥƱ 
 
ǰһװ࣬ûʲô¶Фƽش绰˵ҪһLAʶ 
˵ʲôأҵĹϵҪѧڲתôһѧҵˣôʹˣ 
Фƽ˵ѧǱûʲô¶βг򵥵һһѸǻá 
Ҿŵ绰ѧһۣͷصңȥȥɣǣҪҪˣĶס㡣 
ȥ˰ҳαϵĹӶѧ˵ 
šһۣͻȻҪ 
Ķˣһ䡣 
Ķѧһۣȥһ 
ʮФƽҪھβ 
Ŷǲǰһôùȥ˰ɡѧ˵һ䡣 
ţ 
ʲôţȥ˼㣿ǡ 
üͷһ壬뻹ˡ 
һ·ţϴף˫ֽȥҪȫ顣 
㡣Фƽſ̨һָȥҿ 
ûȫʧȥ֪أٵȵȡ䲻ͷ˵һ䡣 
Ҳɿȥ˶ӣ˰ɣ 
鲿ңüۼͳȥˡ 
Ų˶һףСп롣Фƽһ£ҲеţͶôģ 
ͲôǵģФƽһ߼һ֣ǻⲻͦ㿴ѹ 
3mmHg鲰æңɿҶһ£ֵͷȥˡ 
˵ʲôÿ翴ҡ 
Фƽڲ˳ܹϺͶҲףᳵ·ؿʼиһԱֱŵسȡŧҺ򵥵һʱ֪Ϊʲô쳣ᡣˮϴą̨֮̊́ܣФƽڿȥˣһۣôˣ 
ûС˳һָһñФƽըˡ 
˭˭ģ޾ʶһѧǻ͸Ⱦˣ˵ѲػʿҽΪʲôſϷأ 
Сʿ˶æ׼޾Ҳ鲿һۣȥףڲҲˡ 
һڨڨһȥȡףϻʯۡ 
㻹ų̂ͬء߹䲻˵һ䣬ôţ 
ûš֡ 
ֲ㡣˵ 
˭˵㿴ˣ 
ͺúһۣתˡ 
Ʋֵش̨ФƽݺݵһۣҴӵϿФƽؽ᳦ҵββǯ𣬵繳֯˳ȡ 
ѼСФƽһŬ졣 
ңһ㶡 
Ȼ㣬ȻΪҽʲôФƽȻؿһۣбգжϣϳҽ˰ɣ 
һ鲻ԽǱ߿һۡ 
㿴Ҹʲôֲβбңа 
˵ҴûھⲻΪôʱ˸߲ҵسѲػʿһ̧°ͣҽŶðˡ 
СʿæսսܹҲ˺ﲻ֪ΪһˬһʼβϵĤ֣϶жϣбգϣϳ 
ţƯ걾Фƽˡ 
ͦĵػһۣŵע⵽ҵĿɿһۣŤŤȥˡ 
˵ЦһЦǡ 
Фƽؾű걾ʰ鲡 
ûأһβʮӣ˶Ҫˡ鲺ݺݿһۣڻЦˡ 
 
 
7  
ϷɻǰҸ鲷ţݺܹٷĳ˴ڼ䱱Ϲ꣬ηޣϵƣþ͸ȺϢһʵ˷ȥҲֻаһһȥҾ͹˻ǻơŶӵʱĥ鲵£ֻúϲҾⳡͷ·һϣҲޡ 
קСӵǻոͿǰһͦ˱ժױ߽λһ㶣δüӦͱˡ 
ǣԫЦкңҲɻ 
ӲͷƤͷš 
ôҪȥλԱҡ 
Ǽ¡ƤЦⲻЦ 
DλߡʱһճЦݿذԫָָ෴ķ 
ȥ˵ 
Ҫ㻻߶˵˵ԫһǱһ߻ͷҡ 
˭˵Ҳͷذͷתһߡ 
 
ҰǿճЦݿˡ 
ҵһۣۺðȫװ˯ 
ڿгһ緹·ɻʱ㡣վڻһ±ͼǮԫӵ߶߶عˡ 
ûӻҡ 
㲻Ҳû˽ôЦ 
±ֲ죬ҪҪһȥڣСбһۣһܰ͵⹫ҡ 
͵ȻǸϳسһЦ 
ԫڨڨЦˣĬĬͼһߡվ±ºɣ˵ĸд 
Ҽڶº22šԫ岻ؿһۣҪпաɡ 
ȥҶݺݵؿһۣ˦ӳͺʱͣһſճ⳵һȥˡ 
º֡Ҷ˾ͷſڱ˵ 
Ҹǳ⳵˾һûһ±еĽСͷ˾Ũ˵±ؽ·β¥ֱˣ˼˾ذļլڣͦĵذǮˡ 
Ӧլ绰ϷɻǰҸ˾ͨ˵绰ոڷɻһֱûϳһֱͷ˾Ҳһ߿һеϾδıѪףٵҪͷﻹеš 
˭֪һһŷɽȫδʾȫ±Ŵͷδʾһӻ𼱻ǵĽꡣһ˻լﲦ˸绰 
绰ɿؾͱˣǸ긾ŮеģǣôĶɰ˾˸ˣ 
ǣӿءǡ 
衣ԷԼһ˾ͻˣǡǡǱæһȵϾͳŶ 
߸չ˵绰ԺӿŵѰȥһССŮվſʮؽңǣ߶һͷԺкϽҳˣ 
˼ͿһкӴԺӦһ·СűǰüĿ㣬Цһãң硣 
һֱеĿڶˡ 
֪˾˵Ķӽİز 
ҡе˼ְ䣬ĶȥˣһҰָ󲮶 
ûĶ˷ɻֱӹˡ 
Ҳ߲á߽ţ˾˵ҪģٵͷίǱ¶ͽ˾ȥӣֻһֱػôʱûü˵ֻ˾ͺã͸绰ȥ 
˷ɻǿˣ鷳ˡҴǸЦЦ 
ĶĻ輱æ֣˾ͺáҲ˾ˣǣҪ˶½ίǾ 
ұͲӵŽլӣŸķʱҽԺ⹫լʣĸҴ˾һֱû飬ΪļΨһĶϱңҸӣ輸ϴССĳʳһӡʱذţСҰǸ̡ 
꼸ꣿ 
ʮͦصıǸ̸ҡ 
ɣδ꣬ʮϼǵҪѹǮֺǺǶ 
ĶأƽĶҪǮĵ˵ֽ߳ϣ֭࣬Ū·ˡ 
ҲɿһۣԼıҰһֻӡ 
ɳЦжŲŶ谤λ˾˴绰ͷͻȻһҸֱ̫Ҹˡ 
 
˾ǿԼСġ 
Ҹ˵ŻͻȻſڣ֣ˡ 
ŤͷһһüĿޱޱ˻𼱻ǵһҪ޳ı飺ǡɻˡ 
ĶȥˣɷһԹ㿴㣬˼һ˴Ļġ 
ʱᣬô֪˾ؽͣĩ˼һ䣬˵ҰǸӶˡ 
֪ˡһۡ 
 
û¶ԼãǿˡҼæͣǿⲻǺúö𡣡 
㣬˾ҡ˾˲ɳԼһͣ˵մյҸǰþ˾˺úö㡣 
үӻҽԺأ˵˳ίֱȥҽԺҪǲǾֶüһ䡣 
ޣǣҲ͸ˡ˾˷վ֣ǣҪȥҽԺϢһҲУҪ˼˾Ӧò˵ɶ 
û¶ھȥɣ⹫Ҳżءҵͷ 
ãȻȥ˾˵ץԿֳȥˣʹڼһһҪǻ 
СߴӦṆ̀ţ·ϳԣҽԺóһ·ء 
ǳ˼˵ʲô˼ֲûԹǱṆ̀ǣ󷽡˾̲סԼţ͸ 
ֺǺǵӦһл裬һڴСǸϳˡ 
 
±еڶҽԺſڣ˾˫ְڷĴͣλ 
Ǳ߶һۼⷢ˶ϵһճλ 
Ӵˣá˾һ߿һߴ̣ʮͻȻͲˣֱ㶿ǰ档 
ôˣ 
죬ȥ˾˼ææңסԺ¥2ȥ 
أҲֵؿһۡ 
һȥȥҪ˲˵øҼ 
˭һͷһ 
ˡ˾˱һ 
ôˣҺɵ˳Ŷ˾˵ͣһͷȥֻһߴص˴ӶĺɫСų˳Ŀ棬ضߡ 
졭д˾ˡ˾èڼʻλҡ 
 
 
8  
ļһ֮Ϊһǰ⹫ʱרŴ˳;Ҹһ٣Ҷĵһӡ㲻Ϻá 
һ͸ˡ 
磬ҰǸӻˡ˾ЦǺǵسҵͷ 
ˣɨһۣδöˣһ㶣ޱޱû񡣡 
ɲǣ㿴۾˾˴չҡ 
ˣ˼ϴԶɹֲǸι۵ġɨ˶˾һۣѳͣãһȥ֡ 
ȥɣոƺõһλ˸ռˣһѰĵضȥ˾˰ڰ֣ҡ 
Уͣ˸Ͻ˾һͷתң߰ɡĬĬ˼֮ת⹫Цһ⼸߶㡣 
ҽô˵ұ߸¥ʡ 
ճ鱣ơ 
һ˾˵˵һ΢˰οڵ⹫䣬ǶοǱƱȽϺá 
ͲӦöһɫһҿɫèץƵģֲ˵ʲô 
ڲܳԶ˥ߡһۣɫͣ±꣬ú 
⹫סĵ˲ûԺãҲˬ⹫Ե˲٣ûдǰˣڲϼ£ұЩǣˡ˵к˾ˣϴ󣬻Ųӣ治¡ 
˾εظҰ˿Ρڴϣ⹫סҵ֣Ц˾ͺˣ⼸㡣˵꿴⣬̾һ䣬ǣ±Ưɣ 
ƯǰһƯҵͷ 
Ϲ˵һʱôСܼǵʲô⹫ңҳԺ˴ȥɽǲƯСʱ򣬾ϰȥ 
֡˾һ߲ɽһ 
񻰣Ҹ˵ʲô죿⹫˴˾һֿۣһߵţȥɣǵһ 
ŵͷŴ˾˳˲š 
ǣ⹫ҵֽңѧҽˣҵĲ֪˵⹫ܻã 
⹫Ϲ룬Ӻأֻǳճûж 
˵е¶֪⹫ţ˵ֲ֣Сʱ϶û¶٣֪Ҳʱṣ֪̌Ҳ˸쵼ţ֪ҲҺúöҾ֪Ҫˡ 
Ϲ˵ꡣ 
ǣ⹫Ųһ£ǲ˵⹫лúġ 
ţ˵ 
ŻǻʮˣǸǻ滹ڣ˵ǶѾˣӲҪҲգʡӵʱ򵣷աҲ⣬͸˵⺢ӵҪҪ⹫ЦŸҽҵʱҲŵ壬ǰǶӣһҪŮ룬һǸŮأҾ͹衣 
СƯƯ˼˰ַûһϲʱ֡ǼѵʱûʲôǮСʱ;Щ˶˵ľ·ѿúܡ裬û취ʱĺӶ 
˶˳һ㣬ǰ츣ͲһС͸ҹӱʱر£ͰӣҴˮϵī֭ʱ֪ʲôְֱ֪۸ˣ˴Ϻţ̨ӾͱҿޣγϵģǸ˶ȥǴεĴôɢˡ⹫е˵Ů۵衣 
֪⹫֡ 
ǻôһŮôɳô˵¶ûû룬ǿƲסҾչˡߵϣ֪ģߵġʱ룬⺢ӵСһĸͬѧҶ㼸ͻˣ˭֪һ߾ôԶ⹫Ȧе죬ͷˣȻûסֵģȻһҲûм 
⹫ѹؽס衭һ֪Ѿԭˡ 
СĳͺãҲңǺԼ⹫ңûܺúô裬úô㣬һӵź 
ҹˡҰҴǡ 
ǣ˵һ仰𲻰⹫һ䡣 
˵ɣء 
ԫϾ֣ôˣһӡ⼸ôǶţҪˡõ 
һ㶣ȫëը˿ԫҰ֡ 
⹫˸ŵı顣 
Ұ֡ 
 
鲻ضŹ˵յףڿ֣ҲһٷĿǡ 
ֻ̲ס绰ֻǶֺϺֿڻûܲȥʱԼԼǺαأ 
ʮļȫС⹫ĸɲһٽӣ̽ʱһʿæŸˡļԭȵıķؼҹȥˣ˵ҪҽԺҹ˵ʲôҲãϦ㴲Ĺ˶˾ˣ˾˿ȫСլȥˡ 
˵ҸɳϿҷţֻϿҵѧԫһžͷ˽ҹ⼸пûУҳ 
˵Զ˸ 
ԫַһλգˣԶήأʱ򲻶ˡ 
ҶŶ㶣һû 
ʮ꣬ѾǼˣͼɡԫĵַ˹ 
Ůѣֻһֱ졣˾˲ɿһۡ 
ǣѧУһʦڴ 
ҰҲһֱ㡣ԫĵš 
һͻˣԺȥ绰 
趼֪ŭԫ 
Ҫҵܵ¶ǻ֪ԫѹǱߴŵߵ˶ţ֪¶ľҸ㡣 
Ҹ⹫˵ˡһ¶ 
˵ˡԫȻһڨڨڣô꣬Ǻαء 
αأԫ㻹ǴѧڣֲҪĻ˵ڡ˵˾һ赱ʱһҲûУô꣬Ҹôˣôˣŭ壬ԫһҶޣ 
ǡԫżؽҡ 
ҲЦģʮ꣬׷ʱЧˣǱܵھҲû¶ټ 
Ҷݺ˵绰ѩһ£ߣһͷͿҴ˾ſ̨ϣҡ 
ޱޱӼ϶ô¶˵Ӹµؿҡ 
 
 
9  
Ҹ֪ڿʱ򣬰鲸յȥãҲŴһ֮ûľƣרϿΣѧӣһοѧص㣬һȥͱԫ˸ţҵĽң۵Сۡ 
Ķȥԫұӵˮҡ 
ϣΡû˵ 
ƭ˭أһʧٰ£һϾǹһͨ㵱һСӣԫؿңһֱû¶棬һϢǸ۽ɺҲġ 
üбһۣʲô£ҷ˱ӣ赹˵һ䣬ʲô£ 
ԫһ㶣Ȼˡ 
ҪʲôϵҲûУͱҵ¶һۣǵ¶ˡ 
Ҳ㡣ԫҡ 
У˵ȵ 
˵ѹ 
Ūҡ 
ԫһۣͳǮ淭һƬϣƸҡ 
һСʮͣߵСŮӦ裬мԫһվұߣװ׾أҲʶĵطһլſڣϷиʽƣģдŶº22š 
ԫָͷұСкͷϣﲻ֪һôĸ飬ңἫ᣺˶٣ǱǼģӦ󲮡 
 
˾һ¾վˣɫͰʱ 
ʲôҸվûعͼԺȥˡ 
ϴĶȥڿһ£׷ܳȥң˾ĶȥǸոմ˵ʲôأ 
֪Ķȥһ仰͸׷ȥˡ 
Ǹȥأ˰һۡ 
ˣҸܣѩģûñӣԴһΡ 
˾˺˰Ĭ˦ǰߣҷֲͬ򣬿֪ҪĶȥüҶһԴѩں׷ֶ˦ˡ 
ңٳҸ㼱˾׺غһۣ״Ұޡ 
ʲô¶˵ҸſڸһͣˡһƳһƣº22š 
˾žȥţһȮ͡ 
أˣ 
Ĺе񣬲һпŵ͸Ų죺ģʲôУ 
ԫһžסˡ 
ңԫһҪȥ 
˾һֱȭԫϻӹȥԫһ£һ±ӣϾѪԫί 
˭ǣһϸŭعˣҲһ㶣ġġ˰ûĳ 
ԫ¸װʥ࣬Ͱѵ¶ԭԭ˽˾˴ǳţޱޱһеöøǼ̣ˣ 
ģҡǡ̫̫߳˲ȥԫ˫ֱңޱޱĶӡ 
ʲô˾һѻסңһͰҲȥˣ㣬ļҵˣļҵĹָǣ˵꣬תˡ 
Ӽſڴһԫ趼ˡ˾߳תң˼ſڵѹǮأһ㶣Ǽܹȥڴ˾ 
嶯ˡ̲ס˵ 
үǶ͸ѪԵѧһסӣĳ̫ 
ʱΡһңֲ˵ 
û뵽˵һֱΪԫ 
ǰҲΪԫҸţ֪Ϊʲôеѹ 
һȭԱǽϣޱޱ治ֵ 
֪ҿ˾һۡ 
ؿһְ̧ۣԴϵѩ䲻䣿 
е 
ԼΧϣһۣݣҲ֪Χ 
㲻䣿ҿ 
䰡ܲסáӣǰҪôǮ͡ 
Ǯ⽣һίء 
Ҫʲôɮ⣿˾˵һۣޱޱСʱϲȥ̯Ͽ˼⽣ʱԣԲ𡣡 
˵ЩʲôҲʹؿһۣȥȥ¡ 
ЦЦһǰ͸飬Ҿߡ 
˾˸һ˼СӣϰϰһΧڵýĵǰ濴пææ¹ҸһȱĴһ߸Сϰ忴ӡ 
ԺѧУԫԶ˾䲻һۡ 
ͲôʧЦ˶ĬһΣ㶿һۣ˵ҪûңǲҪҸöࣿ 
ҿ˾Եһ£һָֻСϹ˵ʲôءָͷĿ䣬ޱޱ۰ľ㡣 
죬ȴһᡣ 
ͬһϡͿغǮ߳СݡСѩҴŴ˾˵Χһһͷѩزߡºֽţͽʮӣ˾խﴩУͻȻеѵõˡ 
ǰӺûôխǶֵСƬһ档̧ۿ˿ٽס֧Ĵӣһ䡣 
Ҳ棿Ҹӡ 
裬ԫڡ 
š 
ǰӼû϶ֻԫʱظǣʱҲСܵܣҲѧҲͲ׽ˡ˾˵⻰ʱеСأڻʲôֵܣħֵܣ˿ˣرá 
Ҽǵ軳ޱޱʱһԫ˵ҪǼ˸Ůͼ޵Ǽȥ˾˵⻰ʱǱ˭ݺݵسһ£ʱҲûǶΪԫӼģ֪ԫǵʱǼΪԼϱ˲űģ˭֪žͻˡ 
̳ôͻȻһۣ 
̣ұߴӿ㶵ӱ 
顣ӹ̣ŷˣ·۾ңְͷϵѩ 
ϵǻͿʼԫ̸ʱ¶֪˵ʲôоǰңرڡ 
ԫϴѧˣزŻһΡҿޱޱǻΪ¶ͦģ̸ַֺϺҲûôͻȻһ죬Ӽ϶ֲˣʱֲǸʶ¶һͦ䶯ǴҶ֪ô¶͵ͻȻˣȻͻˡʱޱޱȥҽԺҲ֪ô¶Ҳû롣ʱ¶һ磬˾ˣʱոչҲæô 
ݺһ̣Ŀŵϣٺ˺üˣžͷޱޱСְȥʱＦɹģֲš費˵˭ҾͲԫ˵ʱرðѵԫˣر롣 
ˣһֱûѶԫΣһҲʲô֪ҵĹϵôˡ˾Ŀһǡޱޱǻԫݴ˵绰ͻȻͰʲôˡʱ绰ҽӵģúöһ٣Ȼʲôû˵ 
ҾѾˡ 
ʵҪԫ֡죬Ŀ漴תһߣվû˵ȥ 
лҪ˵ʵͬһϦɺϺаҲף´~~ 
ȺĸλѾųעXD  
 
10  
⹫ڴܽʳʱȫҵĶ˵ءΧڲԱߴת˵ӷ㿴Ҿ˵һǾͻõģ㿴ǲǡ 
⹫һȦ˾˴ҽԺӻ˼ͥŴŲڳ࣬Ҷ˳⹫ͷһһ׵ι 
ֲСô顣⹫ӹӡ 
ɣԼָƵļں꣬ʱ򻹵ó¶߬ӣҵιȡ 
ôιȥһû඼ˡ⹫ҡ 
˾ˣȥҪҳƽ룬¸졣 
ߣ˼࣬⹫ҡ 
ţھͶ̣ԪڻиҪȥڸ˴ʲôҲ룬ͺúö塣±ס±ȥݾȥݣ±о˾չҿֿһۣҪǴ㳣ס±Ҹع 
⹫ҶĬһΣƿң˵ʮ˾˵ºְӼϴˣ 
ģû֡ҵüҨࡣ 
ǣ롣⹫ҡ 
Ҷʲô̧ͷ 
⹫ûоĳǸ󡣡ؿңǺúӣ˭ְûϵļңޱޱĶӡ 
 
ʮʽݡ˾˿ҵ;оºֵӿڣҲɿһۣ޻ 
ȥ롣˾˿һۣ˳ִ˷̡ 
ҲûСҶӿһջĿ⡣ 
˾ֹԴ͵ûˣҪȱٸͷ΢΢һЦ̸ܹҵӡƽؾͼЦͻȻôĵЦȷʵǱȽϺˡ 
죬û֨ 
˾˵Ҳû˵ʲôĳӺͷԫãţҲ飬ġҿһۣﻹûӦֿ˿ڣ ֲ˵ڶʮ꣬ʱҲˡҪȥˡһۣҳϯҴȡĩ˻侮ʯؼһ䣬ļҴӴԺûλá 
Ķء 
˭˵ܣˣһûϡһû⹫ôҸһԡ 
ʧЦһ·һ·Ĭ濴±ķ羰Դֿʼĥ⼸һֱͦԸȥҸĸ׵¶Ϊô붼ԼĥԼʱҵĳȫǸ磬κ˴֪˵ʱҼ춼ʶۡҰޱޱӹɣޱޱô 
һ鿴ҳɳѧƤ첲׷ء 
衭 
еѹˡ 
 
ǰ˾кҹȥǰһĺݸҡ 
ǸʲôȻ 
ѹǮôǷġڵؿһߣ֪ڲȱǮĻǵš 
ˣⶼˡҸ֡ 
¸ҷϻ㰮òáŤŤתˣҪ濴ϣͷʹҪȥ 
Ķء 
˸ϽߣӶпյϽȥҡ 
 
ڵĸ绰վڰźզ 
š 
ݱԫ 
֪ȥɡ 
 
Фƽ˳һֱͣظҷţ˵ҽԺæö㻹ڷź٣̫˼ֱһԫһԺǰоһ߾Ǽʮò˻ˡ 
˷ɻҸФƽ绰˵ôʦͽˣ 
ƨФƽңһ켸ʮַը㵹ǹԣ׼һѪ¡̹ˣФƽһתԺĹϵתһˣ㿴ǩ֡ 
죿 
˵죿ФƽһҸһ㻹˳˶ˣֵ࣬ԼŰ졣 
Ҳ٣·ɻءһš 
һ̨أСʱۣФƽ˵žҪ绰ܸʳϽġ 
Ҷŵ绰ιιι˼ФƽǱ߸ɾؾûˡƣ˵Фƽ߯Ŷûʱø仨Ƶģϵһת͵ʹѧǡ 
˵ĵҷźˮûϺһҾϳֱԺϢʱһСʿ˵ФҽϢ￴һ±ֽܾ㤣ǺڰʮˡҸո⣬ǱФƽͷ˳ˡ 
ҪˡФƽһҾͽΪʦĦĦ 
һҵƻţɳϣô㣿һܳ 
վȥӵ͸öˣǷϣһФƽȻҿ㶵̣һмϡ֮һŭȻл̫ˣûա 
Ҵ֣һ֧˳վˣӲøʯͷƵģ𣿡 
Ҿôվȥ÷ϡФƽߺ˴̣ÿĳǴ֪ΪʲôԺƸȫ⡣˵˵ؿһۣǲ㵱ҲΪ 
Ϊʦ˼˵⻰һþлˡ 
֪ãɲФƽһۣͻȻҵķһŬ죬Ŷˣ鲾档 
šӦһ 
ô 
Ҫô裿ûʹʹ 
Фƽֽлˡ 
ҹԼһδ䣬ϢҵͻȻʹˣһȺˡ 
ˣФƽſϥͷϳɵ֡Фƽʱ򻹴ñӣ֣߱߳鲽ЬҲûһ룬һҾסˡ 
˼ת÷ɿ죬ӻûӦͰФƽϥͷɳȥˡ 
Фƽ֣ȥˣ 
ICU˵λǸϵʵش𣬸ФƽһûһŴλ¶ͦʵؿ˿鲣û飬˫ֲ嶵վֺ棬ôҡ 
鲣̲ס㶽һ 
û¶Ȼȥˣû˯֪˭һ䣬תˡ 
϶ICUգⲻôޣѪѹ֢ܽ໤оͲˣФƽڷ𣬡ICUҪͨ⻰˭˵ģ˭ICUģ˻ҪǮأϿӾͲˣ˵˿һۣĶȥһмﻹȥ 
е¶һ仰ˡ 
ԶˣФƽС 
֪һͷݺݿһۣˡ 
ܵϴһһǳɫӰȾͷȵݡҺһɤӣǳ߿һ£Ȼһݵˣһͳ˽ȥ 
鲣ܻصͺһ 
һһ¥ƽӿͣФƽԶԶϢﴫ 
ŵݵķ 
ûиϽȥФƽԴ̽ˣң 
֪ˡҷתФƽа 
˼Ҹող̨ӡФƽؿһۡ 
㲻ҲǸող£ҷϵϲãұ˵ף˵͵ã˭ʦ 
 
 
11  
ԫһ쵽ҽԺϰ࣬ʮûϵѪȻû 
ФƽԫһЦӣӹҰͥ 
ԫ˿վФƽңһЦĶʲôͥ 
һ֪㣿Фƽٺһֻ֣˿½Ķţͷһңмһһڽʡ 
ȥϣһ㶡 
ôУǻʣֲǾֽ⡣ϿΣɶФƽ˵߰Uңѧһÿνۣ˵ʲôŪȥСֲһ䣬һѧƭʵڲлܽҽԺĹ¡ 
񴦵Ѳô죿 
ᣬĶôаͱײϡФƽ룬Ҫн񴦵ֱסԴ 
档ҽӹṴһۡ 
ţҪҸһȥϿΣһܰ㵲һԫҡ 
ôԼϿΣ 
ϿζҲһֶԫű߼ʵ˵һ䡣 
û¶ԼȥҿһۣԼתˡ 
ȻҲȥ󣬡ԫ׷ңȥõ 
УȥФƽͷվҷԸһ 
֪ˡҲͷسӻ֡ 
ҸԫߡҲ֪˵ʲôãʱʱһۣϻţҲ˵ҩһ£ҡ˭ء 
ԫһ£̫ء 
ĬĬһۡ 
֪ҡԫַûޱޱһá 
죬վǲһջĿ⣺û㡣 
֪ 
ԺҸǰ¶ҵһۣ 
˵꣬Ҽӿ첽ǰȥˡ 
ճһסԺ¥û̧۾ͿԴ¥ǰС԰Ȧ 
ǡԴһܸ˵ӡ 
ԴҶͷ̲ס߹ȥҿǣܳɢˣûй 
΢΢һЦׯţˮҲȥԴ 
ҽ˵ٹһھܳԺԴңڷߡ 
һڣЩԾФƽ˵ģ 
ţФҽ鷿ʱ˵ġԴͷ 
е£ӦðҽԺλôܳԺˣФƽǷʲô裿 
ǳԺĶԴ 
Ҳ֪أԴͷܵߣҲٴһⲻҿ 
Ķأ㡣ϸϸظһ䣬Լͷһ 
ҾһҺһ̱ˣѹʧ䣬ǣΣʲôӿôһֱԴһУϻ֮һ̲ͣΪԼ֤ԴĿԡҾĵûԴȥûУҲãҲҲҡ 
Ҿ伸ǰϻ𳵳ӵԴǹµЩƬΣԴѪĻʵסҳΪʲôԴԵ׵Ϣ߹һˣΪʲôû˿ԥʱҵʽѾ͹һܲɷ֣һϵ죬һһҵһꣻʱϵٲżѾΪҵһܣֱԱֱ 
ֱıɱԴ 
ǣʱԫסԺ¥׷кҡ 
һͷһۣûӦҧҧתȥԴʲôʱпգԶٷɡ 
а㶨ʲôʱСԴЦֿǣȻ¶ÿ壬Ӧû⡣ 
ʲô¶¶ҾͰ壬ȥǵġϸϸһ䡣 
ÿ˸˵һɽĺ浽ֲ嶵׼ߡ 
ʱλãԴҡ 
ֻҪȥʲôʱλáֿһۣǼתƣϿȥˡ 
æġԴͷ⼸졣Դ룬һ˵Ҹһȥԭסĵطתתģʱһɡ 
У㶨 
һӻ֣תˡ 
ôе죿ԫվ׿⿴Դǲʶ 
ʶƨûصһۡ 
ļǲǰĲˣԫ䣬Ҿе˭ͻȻͣһ£ң֪ˣǰһǲԴ 
ҵһۣأ߿ˡ 
Դԫ׷ʲôô 
ֻǰû 
Դλǲǰǵ¶ 
ûС 
Եô 
㷳 
ǣ¶Ūһʲô˵ 
˵룬ϿҪٵˡһۣ߿ˡ 
 
ФƽĽC02ݴΣ߬U̸ߵCϾסˡ 
C02ſȫѧһͦԹرϣߴߴ˵ûꡣ 
ôˣ˫ֲ嶵һࡣ 
θˣءһҡ 
ǰ˸ʲôԵģŸҶһ䣬ֿߣڱԹ˭أôӡ 
ʦһŮ 
ʲôһͷŮһۡ 
ʦŮηηظһ顣 
ϽʦˣԴһ£תҲǲܣ鲩ʿҪǸҽԺֱӵεĶС 
üͷһ壬ƿžͽȥȻһֳֻڽ̨ϣһֻŻᣬ°ͳѧڷ쭡һڿξ͵ȫɱּʦɡ 
һȥȫҵѧĿϿҡ鲷Ӧһ£ˤ˻ῴҡ 
ФƽĿôޱؿҡ 
Ҳ֪ұпΣôһ¾Լʼˡеŭѧȫ档 
ѧ鲿һۣФƽѧôʲôʱѧˣ 
̨µѧҳһڣվ̨϶ӡ 
һȥŽҡȥ 
һˣڽҿҪϵȥ鲵ͷȥ۱ʡ 
㲻ûôѹȰҸոսء 
ĿôõϹģ鲻һֱˤ۱ʣФƽ˵ФƽĿȫϣǸڣ 
˵ʲôѧȫءҵһۣҴҳ½̨鲵ײײرңһٺѧĿ 
㶼ǵʦˣ˵ôôءҰһߣ㿴ոڽӣҲѧЦ 
ҳӣû˵ 
Фƽαϵģòϡҵü˵ҪǺ˵ûѧɢҲˣʲôƢ 
УҾƢáЦһۣ˯߲㣬˥ô 
ҿ˶ĺȦһƢһ˴ҹ鲺ǰҵ賿ĵ㡣˵ĿΣ˯òŹˡ 
ҲҲû˯ô 
ҪѽҸңȥ֣ҲҲû˯𡣡һ䣬˵Լô˵档 
û¶ϡ鲲ͷؿңҪ˯˯ȥ绹ɣæ 
ʲôѾˣҶвУ 
˭ءҡ˺һ˿ϵѧѧǲɢȥһҪϿء˵꣬ͷҲأǵһȺѧעĿؽȥˡ 
 
 
 
12 
ҸФƽһ鷿Фƽҽһעڰű˿籾һ̨ͬ鲵ֱ˸ˣһʦ 
ô¶ǣҲɿФƽһۡ 
ŶФƽ룬ǱͻȻģҲ֪ô¶ǰпΡ 
ҺɵضǱʼ˿ϡе죬ôֻǼʣ˵ǲǰ鲵֡ 
Ťʲôأұ߰ѱۻضĿڲһ΢о 
¥һͷĵһŴλǡһ飬˵ĽţӲͷƤߡ 
ǡԴһҾͦ˵кʱǸճԹ緹һز֪˵ʲô 
Фҽº͵سФƽһЦ 
оôФƽһֳڴ߻ϣḩϰһʹĴЦݡ 
ͦõģ⼸ʳҲˡԴӹ硣 
СأФƽֿǡ 
˿ЩЦЦҲ 
˿ڣעʳ˶۲һʱ䡣Фƽ˵Դһ㡣 
һ飬˵ɣФƽ 
ǣû¶ҾͽšԴͦлФƽҲ˳ųЦЦФƽȥٴĵڸ˵ 
סĶҿʰŲ;ߣ 
ٵ±ݣ֡ԴһЦչǡ 
㻹סҼȥҼءС˵㲻ǻҪݴһôʱһסݣʰɣ 
ô˼ԴͷȥʰޣĶܸ鷳ء 
鷳һ˵һ䣬ֿǣֻҪòҾС 
ҽǡЦЦûѻ˵ФƽǱ߽УǣҸ鷿أǱʲô죿 
ˣ͹Ұһۣ˵װʲôװ¶ȫء 
Դ㿼һ£ϾҪԺˣҷſͣͣϴλ˵һԷأҽֵ࣬иʣвУ 
û¶㡣ԴһЦ 
УǾͺϡһۣͻȻǰԲðһ䣬ҴҽԺҸϸĻ㲻л˵ 
Դеɻؿҡ 
ǹһһѻˡ 
Դؿңһ 
һò鷿ȥҴҴһ䣬ææФƽǶȥˡ 
 
ڶԪڣظ±˵绰⹫䣬֪ڻָﲻɰ˰֪ʲôʱ亦 
ʮЭҵ㳡ļʣͦʹ˵绰֪ͨѵҪװװ𻹸ëͷСƵشţп˶ЬȥˣЭͶˡ 
Ϊ㻹Сʮˣ񺣵ͷȣҸôʱ򶼽ˡ 
֪ˣҳͺ𣬡ǲҪҴҹ 
ңңװɫģͨʽУŪ̫ڡ 
šұߴӦűߴ¹Ѱ· 
Ҳ̫ޣҪ͵ 
š 
׼ӣ 
Ҷ̲סŵ绰ԹҶ˰ǰҵС 
ⲻôͷЦһСأҼǵлոҽǻСûʮ꣬Ǹޡ˵̾һ䣬ǣ˵Ͼ 
šԴŵ绰֪ʲôá 
ʮ㣬ˡ߶߶ңԽҲ 
֪ˣҲҶյͷ˵绰 
һ·¥ȳڼʻҾóеˡűٵ˵һҪȹһǰɣȫﭹһŤԿǷˬǽһʹ졣 
һ³ȥʱͻȻ룺һʱĶأ 
 
Ҿŵ뵽Эͣǰ̨һȺСЦӭʽδʽʼͣóϵ칫ңСϹɶһȦ 
СˡлͳҵͷЩˣǲˣͷֻײ٣էһǱ˸ˡ 
лƷζЦӯӯӹһСݹĲ裬ĿͼԶȥһſź۾֪㰲ŵģһ˫ȫ棬ֱ˷ס 
лȤ񺣺ٺЦŴȤлͣԺɵעͷ˵Ǹ񡣡 
ǣлҪһȥұЦԱһİˡ 
ԽܣҸ˵ġлͷҽܣǵ¹ɶǡ 
ԱߵСƽͷվҪ֣ϰ壬Եظһ֪˶Э֮ҵ 
֮ǰ˵Խܵĸִ˵ЭʹССĹɶʼһɫʡ˵ǻȣӶƯͶģڶǣ֪Ķһ˵һӡᣬ֮ϲǵʯ;ڽ󣬼Ǯȥˡлн⼸겻֪ôײôƴ֣Э͸ 
ǰһԽЦеȥģɵ˱һһ¹ơ 
Ӵ㻹һ֣˲ŰֺǺǿơ 
Ⱦϲ졣ԽܷƿȡϵһƵݸңϰ塣 
㶣ǽˡ֮ɶһذȡӣǢһ¶ǣһȦ˾˲٣ģ׼¥ʡ 
ԽһشңЦлһ¥Ҳϰ߱˴ţοԽܱҰһأôӲ§ǹϡòӦԽһֻĩؾ˹ 
һ飬ɿûü˵ڣͻȻ;ж 
˾ˣǿϰĶů͡Խһҵһ߻ͷлǵЦ˵ͦȻس֣ȴһСƿ 
պáͲš 
Ҳɾؿһۡ 
Сʢ԰ɣ񺣺ٺЦſңɶʱŮ忴ĶȲȡ 
ϹɣǼʡüһЦȥϸ 
˵أˣЦҡ 
ޣءһͷһۣ뿪Խܹսһߵϴּ䡣 
ٵˣŵءл 
õõϾұ߻ػ߰ԼؽϴּС䣬ӶѸոնԽҵСƿӸ˳ͦͨһҩˮƿƿӿӶţر߶ϸϸؽ˲ƿһõֽ 
ҲеСȥһΪûָ׶ٵúܷϸϸ˰οƿֻֽһһľͲɶֹؾҳ鴤 
С3343434 
ؽڴòˣֽŲ֪Ķ顣ҷɿסһֽ֣˺˸飬ӽͰݺһˮ䡣 
ͬһʱ̣¥ͻȻ 
س¥ô¶ʱЭ͵Ĺ㳡³һţԭɷüʽļǳǹڼ׼˼ֳǰһҶһԽѾ쿽ס˫֣ʵʵߡɫƽΧγԱȣ֪ԼᱻһľȻԭأ߿һۣȻɿתͷȥ 
һƬ񺣻̻̲Ҳ٣Эʲôò׼ˣô¶ 
 
 
13  
ЭһεˣʵɶΪݳһʱ̸ʡ 
ԽܸոձСʱл񺣶дʻЭʲȫ飬ҵӺʣµļɶһ𿪻ᣬ۵С۵оŶԽܵ永ϴǮ 
һʱ䱻ҽеҼҸ鷿̣賤ĸ֪һеˣ鷿﷭ȥؿţ绰ɫء 
Σҷ 
ûŶ˶˵̬ͦء˵绰ҡ 
ϴǮԽ˭ϴǮЭϴǮžذ˵ң˫ֲ嶵ʱִ˿ڴĿƿӣ˼һ 
ԽܺǹһˡҲ͵һۣ¶Ҳ˵˭Ҳ˵ 
¶л֪٣ҧŴҡ 
лͻͬⶡԽԼ˾ϴǮҵһۡ 
ôܣܱϴǮôñӣԽЭĶСôһЦлͲ֪й 
лŰĲɵʣ˼ 
ʱȫץץͷ㵱ô󶯾˸ѹˣڻûʵͷϣЭǸɾģš 
šҲ¶ţһһ߲ɵս˶Сƿӡ 
ſҵĵǰţͻȻһ̧ͷԽĶĻȣ 
˵ǶǣĶҿôˣ 
Լʾҡ 
ǺڰʮˡҿҲ˳űûҾ͵ˣɽ 
ץˡҡ 
ͷһϸϸȥţѶʮּ̣Ǵڰ賿ڧ˾ǹս˫ʮˡĩβرһɽ˵лᣬѾΪҪ˴ 
ɽڴץڻһڣ֮ûϵңҼǵõȥ֮ǰһͻȻð֤թҲǡ˶٣ôɡ 
ɽЩӵȥˡǹһأ˺仰һͷһβһѲ⼸һһֱɽ 
ɽǾЭôⶡԽͦпܾɽϴǮǱ߶һ£ڹڱǣҲġ̧ۿңְͦҪǶԽܣɽڴһ¶׼Ǯˣôݵűץ 
û𻰣һ顣ҳضҺϡڧ֣˼һٵ⽣Ӱһɽڧ𲢣Ϊʲô 
 
ФƽмҲƨɵൽҽԺҸФƽľȻ׼ϻʯۣ˼ȫȻڲϡ 
ԽҵǸСƿһֱҴϣȻѾ˺ˣÿһǾһҼãеһôҹϵʱҵа鲣ֻʣһˡ 
һԿ϶һˣŵС֣Ǹ3343434ƺţҲŰţһֻеȥ˲֪ 
ҵհҾҿ챻Ʒˡ 
ǺʱͻȻ˽˫ֲ嶵бſš̨Сʦǰ鲵ĺ󱲣һͦţǰתҽôп 
Ҳĵʦһۣ˵˭ 
Фƽſһۣ˰鲾˵أô˵Ҳ޾ô˵ˡ 
û¶Ҳһۣǻأһ˵Ҹ˵¡ 
ȻǺأϾͺáФƽЦпһۣϷʵףǻһղǸɶ 
šû˵ӦһֱƮңӡ 
һ£ʶͷ𼱣һ 
ˣȥʡվĸƵġФƽһŬ죬˳ָʹңŶ̡ 
̨Ӳҿһۣ˳ִӿ㶵ʣµĴҶ̺ˡ 
ϽȥҡФƽ̲סһšұֱ̨߳ſߣ鲸ǰʱϲԾع˼Ц⣻һңʶؾͰѸոոФƽЦǸˡ 
鲿ңЭֳ¶ˣ 
ţɶϴǮһժñһߣͦº͵ؿһۣģʱûҵ¶ 
Ҿǹʡ鲲ڵŤŤӡ 
šӦһ̧°ָָһߵĳʣվš 
鲿һۣ£ֽûضƵأ˰ڴͳϡи¶ڵ𣬵̺ط죬ҿ˱ֽ˵ɽǱץˡ 
µĶ΢˻ϻƽҲǽſ 
˿̣ңô¶ 
Ǳߵûӵʲô֯˼·Ҫҵĸϵ类д˲ǣ 
šض̻ңüȦ 
㵣ң£ 
Ҿһ¡ûңһͷ̸ְ֧ˡ 
һִ̣һڣ˸Ȧֻͷ 
̻ҡе˼ 
Һٺһ֣رɿ֧ƨһ£һȥҾͿһغˡ 
㣬㡭衭鲰״εصҡ 
ˣǷһ̡վһЦˬ˸ҡ 
 
ФƽһҾ͸˱棬Фƽӵ۵ؽѵң˵ô¶أһˣСȥԪأ 
ҲɵҲûд겡ˡ 
ҽԺûȥȡڴ⣬˵Ҫ֣˻ֻ⣬ͤţڹͤźӿСֶīԸҵС֡ 
Сֶҷͷҹֵ࣬˯СʱؼҲݲʰһֱͨЭ͹㳡ȻһֱתڣľƣҲְ㶵ǸСƿӣһһ£ 
Դݰ£һҲˣôǧɽˮðɱͷΣջΪ˼Դô 
ҽгСֿͣҸǮСⲽؿؽֵŻСݵĳϲ˽־ǹغƳǸ٣СխխһһǧףǲӬСݺꡣߵС3ţſڰ˼ӣǸС̯һȻһҺľԺ 
Ҿ͵߽ȥԺһȦ3ŴԺǸ͵90ӣСÿԪſשɵļ׻ԡԺһ˸Ԫ˼һ£ֱԪȥ˶¥ߵ4ŷǰ棬3434İš 
 
 
14  
ŵèû˿ȡұ֮ͼѹѹһƬȫˣ߰˸һһĬţ֧ǹںذڿмСϡ 
ϰˣèԸһ䣬ϴû 
ˡһܳ档 
ϰ塣èңȥɣ档ԥԥؼһ䣬˵̫ãܲס 
һ̧ݣһͼŴһˡ 
һˡ 
źڶжŽŻڴϣֽСӳţϸĲؿڴͷһ顣 
һȥץֻ֣ˡϸϸֱ᣺ôˣĶȥŪ 
ӣˡ΢΢һЦָʹèϰŲӡ룬 
ҾأҺúöġȫûֻʣһ˫ͫʺȻصҡ 
ӣЩ꣬ãòãظҶԻ鼫棬ʲô¡٣ܲԾıӣ¶ţذ˱ 
䡭ææȥӣҲ͸Ų⡣ҳȥؿڣһ˿ڿϡһȻǰصСбţ߹ǵĲλѪһһ 
㡭ָʲôȥˣ㡭ץֲ֪˵ʲôãᶼ챻ˣ 
ҴǣӻġһﷺĹ⣬ɽңߣҴ˼ʮˣɱġҸɵعһֽϻء˧˧ɣ 
˧ˣѱҴã⼸꣬ɽһ𣿡 
ңͶ·ˣȥģл·ر͵һЦ㿴ⲻǣˡ 
ɽץˡҿһۡ 
ǻǣҵġһǷβˣ˳ʱ˰۹ȥҼæס˰֣Ŭ³һ仰ҪǲңߣҲ𲢣Ҳᣬץ 
㡭۵ڻͨأ˼ʲôһģ㵱ӳ˹ͲӦٻ 
Ҳ֪ûңͻȻʢһҡңԴ 
˵⻰ʱؼǼȣһ˹ȥҴһ§סèŵس˳еģڱ߿ңϴӲãǡ˵ 
һת˼Ѫɫè߶߶ȥҸϰ壬˵ʲôʱֵ죿˵Լؿڣӽ죬˵䣬˵䣡Ҹˣ 
èڨڨ˵һߣٳŸʹ˸ɫ 
Ұٺùһңתƻ⣺Խˣ 
ͷҵˡĩ˼һ䣬ʵɽˣǹ飬ҹܡ 
ûУɽˣڹô죿 
ҪԴּ˫ץһֻ첲֪ˣǲǣ 
Ķ֪ģҰȥţ 
ҽжԽܣһֱڣءһһЦҾ֪ԴҪûͻ㡣 
㡭ҶΪԽ˵ԴˣԲŻعģҼˣһˣ˶󾢶ӳȥ 
ҪһˣҡҡλεسҼ 
ʲôһ˦Ӷض˵Ǹʲô֪֪ôһߣϾ˳ɷúҪǻ꣬ظҰ˸ˣҸɽ׷ӶϡԼ˵ûԴʲôйϵôС費ǵˡС˳һǹʧˣ 
ʧ䣿һһ£漴һԹ΢ЦΪʧ˾ͣô˵һ˲ƤҲԴҸû꣡ 
һ˵⻰һ󼱴ɫֱ࣬ʶҲҪȥҼææס˳ı˵ 
ӣҡһץסҵ֣üţᣬˣƭҡ˵׵ؿһ¹ز֪ĶԴƭҡȻƭҰ 
 
һֱӿ˹ȥȺһ߶ȽţȫŵǹָԴ 
£ϰ壬ϴо֮ġèѵ 
ڨڨطǹ 
Һèȥѹһڴϰٺãһѹ֮еΣҳû䣬ĴغòװŪ˯ˡ 
ʲôȥţιأèŲǵͺһ 
һȺسȥˡ 
Ҹè˹һ˯ķ䣬ϵһȥ˵ 
С˳أۿȺ¡ 
һˡèüϴԿǹģ̫ ѨԹᴩС˳ʱԽһ 
ﺮһ¡ 
ϴԴ硭è˵һס죬վǰݲñ̬ 
⼸ôģҲ˻ 
ϴɽϰϴǮǹĺŵһûմˡèңɽϴǺܿ 
֪ɽϹһˮҲһˣ˻е֡һķ򣺡ɽôʶɽ˰͵ģ 
èһͷϰϴǰһϽ顣 
ҵ˵ۡ 
ţһ˼¡è룬ϴ󲻳˵ 
þʹǶջĿ⡣ɽǸˣڹһ˵ȴǸÿɽɽԼһ˸ߡ 
ҲȰأȰסϴҪعҪȻϰҲᶯǹèϧʵҲͦãϴǡǡ 
֪ҲôʦڵػҲֿ˿һɵǸ򣬡һڣͰԸʲô·ˡ 
ϴξءèСؿһۣϰ㲻֪ڴ·ʱϴٲ׻һĺźһٶλعǰϰ𲢵ʱ˼ʮˣΪų˻˵ֻҪ˹ٲ׵Ķȫƽ֣ʲôҲҪ 
Ҿؿèһۡ 
ҿϴλĻءè㷲ؿ˿ڡ 
лҪ˵ͦɵģպڽԴͼ=w= 
˵Բʷĥˡ 
 
 
15  
ҴСʱһ˯šλ״ãһϾʹоˣδƴϵӵ߿š͵ɵʱèǼ򵥵ظһ£һ·زأûҽԺһôܺõ˲йˡ 
һӵϥϣȥһ⣻ƫһһȾǳ׷ˡ 
ҩǺúöҵè۾һһѹȥѾˣͽԴ¶ 
èЦҲ˵˶٣͵͵ͷǰˣǰϵǰˣϴߵҲֻˡЩֻϵǮ 
û磬֪ЩڰڲҲ֡룬èһٳûָˣǵ취ҸضúáһӶǶ 
֪ϴƢԴ¶Ҫû꣬ûèԥԥ³һ䣬ϰ֪⼸ꡭħˡ 
ģ˵ʲôѹŹаִ˵ġ죬˼ֻ˵һ䣺ڲԴ棬˻˵á 
Ҳôءèɥû˵һ䡣 
ڶԽЭϴǮ¶ֵǷָ꣬Ҫ㵽ͷȥһǸΣǵ˲ӡҷԸèõ¶ȥҡô꣬ڵˣҪǵ͵ȫתӦû⡣ 
ĺŸٲأȺӾǳǮȥġһǵǳʲôè̾˿ǰɽֵ´ˣǹܱ컹󡣡 
ȥһüֽߴþӹһȶԶ߸߷ɣǰĶĶȥǵŸĹһ֪ǰǶ¶㱻ץҲǸǷǹװ͵ɡ 
ɵèؿһۣһ¶ϳ㡣 
ͷһèļ򣺡֪ˣչ˺ùһ 
 
ʧһҹڶһ綥źȦҽԺȥϵİࡣ 
ôˣ˾ܼ֣ФƽѵعңСһֽۣ϶ˣãûд֡ 
ǶСһɶȻûҵ֡ûɵطŲɶϴǮʱûҵ¶ 
û¶ȦڳФƽ־ң˵ʽ𶳽ˣⲻ˰ɣ 
ûҵ¶ǧһͷˣ־÷šФƽڵĺܶͬͬѧ֪ǮǮһֺ۸жٲǮҲ֪ǰЭƵƵ״ʱҸϴҽԺһ˶ȻؾԩͷҵȥͣҪǱѧФƽ֪֮ɽʵһСҵģһǾܰɽڳɳ֡ 
ҪҰҹ඼һ㿴㣬Фƽе۵ң˾ѹס¶һе˾㲳ӡҹƾ״̨̬ܰѲ˵ҷθд 
Ϲ˵ôһԿеأôΡҰһַۣһûأǰǸˣ˼ŲóԺ 
˭Фƽװɵ 
˭ǰҰѲӷƵǰ̲סװ͡ 
ŶФƽͦ鲡ǲǻûָһ˵Ҳû鰡 
һôΣŪҰФƽһʱＫгɾ͸Уæڳһѭѭյ࣬Ф근伸 
ޣϹ˵Фƽסˣһ졣 
˵ϰ˼ҿҽԺҲǸ¶ǳҪԺġһ˵˵ҲС˰Ϲˣװʲôء 
٣СӡФƽ߳ŭؾҪҶ䣬˵˭Ϲأ˭˭ҽԺأ 
Ҹ˵ڰ칫תҸʶģϻԼ˳Է 
ŶФƽһͣסˣһ£ţϴκǼ˵ 
ţԼĽһԷ䣬ҪҰ¶һ£μһ䣬ʲôΪǣ 
Фƽ˺ö͸ˣ㣬㣬㡭ҿЦ 
ûͦ棬ֻ۾ڿЦˣҶ 
ʱФƽֻˡ 
Фƽͦ߷ߵؿһۣתӵ绰ȥˡ 
ҺϲʼϹ룬˵ҿһҪҼԴ治֪˵ʲôڼ˹һ֮¶ҪԴһеĺͻȻһӾɢˡ 
ҪФƽرسһͺ𣬡Ͻպòҹȥ 
ţȻһæҵطźòϳֱ֧ʱ¶͸Фƽ칫ҵȵݡ 
Ǽ㣿ФƽͷҲתŵ¥ߺҡ 
ʲôû塣 
ϼȥԷФƽͷ˦˦ӡ 
Ŷߵɴš 
ţ°ࡣФƽĿֲڵջȥˡ 
֪ʡ 
Фƽͷݺݵһۣǣ˾ᣡ 
 
绹ûҾˡ 
ФƽûȥڵҺúöϢڰ칫ֵУһҹû˯ȷʵҲûţſФƽддŲ˯ˣΡ 
ģҺڱҵսѵͷίԱΪٶʦʦҿŽ𻨶ҲٽΣһߴͦװ⣬ϥѥݡٵˣУͻȻгβѵѭѭգѵһ벻֪Ϊʲôйɱ죬ƨҿƼձܱ߶㣬ӵ쬵شӺǴϣѪۡҲˣҶܵز֪ʱͻȻͳǻװǣȶЬϱСǹڵϣٺٳֱ֣ǣҲн졣 
һһȻϾͲˡתһ󣬺죬֪˭ɥɤӸǶ衪νԸս졭 
أͻȻһ죬Ģڿն𣬹㵺ûˣۣһѹ 
Ŷ롣 
͵̧ͷעǰˣԺƷľ졣 
񣬲ԺСкˣԺɫơ 
ǣ֮һӸµҡ 
ǡһü 
пԪ־ӵľ٣ָϣϴǮﱻо֮ݳʺӡľ֤ѩһͿϡ 
 
 
16  
Ҷʱˣת 
ôˣ֪ҲǸˣӦеģû뵽ʱ̫ͻȻˣû 
СʱҿƬ֪ﾯ棻ǾԱȻ˵ȨֳĬ˵һжΪ֤ȨʦơӢϵµķģͥʱӵǳɫСף޲ܽȨֿŶϡұλһ·żϳ;аһ£ұλƷ޲ƨһţһֵҺ󲱾ϣʵ 
ͣڸԺ棬ûɽ˺ΧЧѾһȦͬԺҽʿվԺ￴ˡ 
ǣ 
һͷԫܻض㣬һ˹ӣĲԺסˡ 
ôأôأС⺢ͦõģԺǰﾯϹ˵϶ǹ˾¶ͳ϶ġѧҵײײԺĸ첲ⲻǾôûǴ˲ô 
ʶȺѰŰ鲣ûҵѧҸԫһקŲԺһֻ첲۵Сۣް취ѧФƽФƽʱĶȥˣԼͽܳô¶Ҳ 
һߵľѾϳˡ 
أҲˣûôѧҪˡ 
صعϣѸԺŵһƬ⡣ 
ʵãһߵľŤҵĸ첲 
ˣԺԶСŤͷִͦŵؿŸԺķ򣬾ڸԺĺſʧҰʱҿһϤӰ̨ϲһеس 
̫ܵһԵʯϣŵء 
ͷڵֱֱؿߣһЩɫҺӶͷ 
ԱһȺ״ΧȥǸӰûˡ 
 
ϷʮСʱҾӦñѶʡ 
ӱһֱڣҶѺСҡյСˮ棬ҲûУұڷһˮϣҲֻܶڵϣֳʪ 
ֻǮһϵֵǮĶȫߡѺǰҽľ˸رĵ񣬷˫ʱּأҾ첲Ѿˡ 
㷲صȴžѶʣеĿһֱûеڰ˵˼·ôͣͻȻû˷򣬲֪ⳡѴӺοʼҲ֪֪˶٣ϴǮͨ籨ţǷǹѲعһ 
֪ǶٴΣ־Լء 
Ѿȫʱ򣬸ҵСͻȻ򿪣߽˵Ϳҵߡ 
ҪѶʣұϵĵƹۣԺߵľ졣 
죡ʵ̧־һ⡣Ҳ֪ﲻʵˣʱּɱһðǡ 
úöߣûͷôģǾ첻ɸһš 
ұһߵ˲٣ײײسǰ˼ҲûãǾͽҴһԺԺӷ涼Сש¥һľס졣Ψһ𣬾ÿ¥̨϶Сָϸ˿ 
ģſִڵһߵľ졣 
վѶʡǾ岻ؽƹȥ֪ 
Ǽ˸λִڵķͬ岻ЦЦ 
Ѷʣʵ콻˼䣬ֿһۣתˡ 
ͻȻȫĺëһһ 
ʲôҹһۡǻŻҲ֪ôģ¾͵˻ȥһۻûְһ⣻ҲѪ˼ûüײǽֱקͷ˼ 
ͷƤʹǷֻɷңˣ˻費ʵӿᵽʲôʱ򣡡 
˵һѽϽһ¥ңһӵķ˶ߵŪѡű߶ŸλǷϴߵذӹȥվ߳ 
ϴ˭ĵһ䡣 
˭ˣ˦ˣѶʣúö룡̹״ӿܴϣ˵һţŵŵˡ 
ڨڨӴϣӲʯͷҲ˯ߣ̧ĨĨѪˡ 
һ˿¹⣬ҽŹ䶷ңֻһӵķ˶ңд˵һ޴Ӱߵǰ̧ȥˣٲǺɫθߴһֻСһŤס°͡ 
ͻȻͽ 
ҽп硣ſңһֻֿʼȥΧķһ˷Ҳ˯ˣȫߡɫ˲ιϷš 
û˼ŤŤͷ׺ݺһۣҴˡ 
ҹ˼û˼ͦ˼ֻһӰҶڴϡҵȶһߣӵģûԣһϡһӱ߳ȥֻȾѹסһֱϥѹҼϣһָֻ͵ȥԼĿӡ 
ҿŭڳһֻȥ۾ɪһ£ȥס۾ұ۵һӵ϶˵żӴϣҪȥٲţ˭֪һȥǰһڣ˴ӺݺסҵĲӡһû˳ȥûü͵һۣø첲ײһ£һӻ 
ӣңǿҵθһۣһȭͷž˼ֵģְ˽ŵذҰڵϣ߰ߡ 
Ҵ򣡡վһԲҾͲôŵˣ 
ҹҲסһ˵ȣ׹ؽڷһٺۣһ˲ҽһڵ϶£һżӴ˹ȥʱߵļ˻֪ʲô£ȭżкɷȥһ˵Ľţû֣һʹ˸ϵˣԴڶĴϿһ£һҽС 
ǰʱĴλϣбۺһӵˡ 
ģʰ㻹費֪Լ˭ˣĿһߣ˹סҸ첲ʼⲫϲûһͷ溰ƤأĶ֪Ӱǰɣ 
ȫĹͷɢˣո˿ȭͷ˳סҡһֱûͣЪǺͻȻ̧־һƤһӾͳĬˡ 
赹һһµϳ顣ΧķҰë³򣬴Ƭı¶ڿУƤһ˴ŽۣƤⶼʹ 
ҳ鲻С˦Ƥ͸һٽҺᣡ֪ͷΪʲô㵽ô͸үүϵģ֪Ϊʲô¼ȹɱĸҺᣡβסͷһͲпˣ 
һƤƤ꣬ɫһ£һЦƤ۳ɼҵ°ͣ赹ǸЦһ 
Цˣһ̫ûжʱȴ֪Ķḷ̌һ˦ϼˣ־ȥϵƤ 
ѹס߾Ƥȥһ߾ʧض 
Һ˹ȥûѪӿĸ첲קţŰѿڶ洲ϣϥͷؿϣָץס͵һᡣ 
ؼһŪѾˡ 
Χķһȫſҡ 
ҹҪϢضһٺ𣬾ԼҲֲסһ㣬ҡŷסߵĴܡ 
 
 
17  
Һܰعһҹû˯Сʱķ˾Ͷ½½ˡ 
ǿҶ˹һһҲۣڴϲȼòμͶҲ淶ҵ˶ҵķ۵Сۡ 
һֻһһյز䵽ҴǰϵıҪ޳ֵܣҶԲס㡣˲С˹ҽӻȥɡ 
ͷŸɾ˭ֵأһ˲ۣһץסԱߵĴܡ 
ǣҲֵܡͰ͵ңȸҽӻȥô 
ûһֻ־ȥ·ӡڿʮСʱ˶һ߿һȥ·˦־һȥʲô 
ذһ⣬Լ·һɥң㿴Ҽˡ 
бһۣȷʵˡڼֵʱֲˣ˶ǵ͵úܡ 
Ҳ˵ҲΣôҴͷǰһֱˡ 
Ҷһӣüһۣһְһո첲ذѼӺˡ 
㶯һ¡Ҳͷطſ 
Сո첲Ц񣬾Ȼ 
ûʲôҵһۡ 
ôƺôģҴͷˡ 
û 
ڨڨԱһͷأԿǻҿ˹˹ĵҲ·ˡ˶٣ƺ͵͵ңǾ÷ɣ 
ȻûǻǾȤ˻ִӵվ̧žҴϡҾ迴һۣǱҷӦ󣺡ûҲˣ治ˣ 
ջĿ⣬һǱ˵ܲϰߣΪҲǡšһ˵һ߿ңڲǲѶƹôͷͰѺķӵϷڣ·ͷһϿ϶ǲ˯ģѺͷʮСʱҪѶʣһʾʮСʱͱء 
ʶؿ촰ʮСʱԶˡ 
Ҳ¡ҿģʵԽ˵ԽûףҪһҧ͹ȥˡҼü͵ĸǶҹӲͦȥˡ 
ǡվſںҵ֡ 
һ̧ͷ 
׼Ѷʡ 
 
ԱһѪۣ·ʹЩ˰̳һ㣬ҵë¿˿һ䡰ҪѰ¡⡣ 
ʼҵְҵס;˲ӣȻڲκθʵϲʶһйһˣ 
ҵͷʶ 
ʲôϵ 
ǰһѧ顣 
һμĶ 
üǰˣǲ 
롣 
ǲ⣬ƽʱûô 
һ¡ 
治֪ҼǵľһأǴμ񡣡ҿľ٣ⶼˡ 
֪ʲô⣿ 
Ҷ 
ȷҶ 
ǰɣҴҶ 
ʲôʱĲҶ 
ÿλ 
һθҶʲôʱ򣿡 
ˡ 
롣 
ˡ 
һ¡ 
λʼպܵ꣬侲ýòǵ඼ʹȴƣСľͻᱻסϲõ仰ǡ롱͡һ¡ʱһᷴʺܶ飬˷ܵľһشһµʱ 
ҾȷʵʺϸǶ£ֱӶҾԶǵĶ֡ 
ϲʶԽܣ 
һ档 
ʲôʱģ 
ǰЭͼʵʱ򡣡 
֪֪Э͵ĽǮϵ 
Ҳ֪ûнӴЭ͵Ŀ 
ΪɶΪʲôûнӴĿ 
ֻСɶǰ껹Ǯû¶ 
ѶѾһСʱ滻١ 
ϲʶɽ 
ʶ 
Ĳʶ 
ȫ֪ˡ 
롣 
ˣҽǵһ˵ 
û˵ 
ûС 
ʶлͣ 
ʶ 
л˵ɽ 
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ôǵˣҲɼһĨ΢Ц 
ٻһ¡ 
Ĳǵá 
ϲʶã 
˶һ£òôش 
л˵Լá 
лѣǼ 
÷ǷչڴʱһǮǮׯ 
һ񣺡ǡѾ˸ˣҵʱɱΡ 
ָ㵱ͨǮׯǷнǮϵ 
ûС 
ҲŶðˣ˭ָأ˭ 
ֻ֤˵ָϣԽһ¡ 
ǰиĹ˾ңҸûϵǱҲˣһթƭ˵ҸǷнǮϵҵҪƲɽ꣬Ҫչҵ񡣡 
թƭıȻ˻ǹ˾ 
ͻȻסˣˣ˵©ˣ 
롣ľ֮һʮָңʮָˡ 
ľˣոձָϵ¶񣬲֪ͰѴ¶ˡǸĪ͹˾ߵҺ͹һͬעһͷ˾˴дҵ֣ȫǹһĺǮǣһĴڹ˾³̴̵Ϊɶš׿ϴǮӸѹʱǰ¶Ʋ˵ģһϾʲôˡ 
亹һһεð˳ʱͻȻ 
Һ񲻼ǵб¡ʮŵطˡ 
ո˵ǰ㱻һǵĹ˾ˣ롣 
û˵⻰һüë 
ո˵ˡ 
ûСҵߵڰףûڿڹǩ֡ 
ҿľ̵ط˸ۣüԸԱѸոǶθ 
˿һԺ㷲ŲСʱ治֪ôȥһ˵ʲô 
ǣʵһ㣬˵Ѷûкôؿңյ֤ݺ֣ܳ㲻ϴǮѲذﷸ 
ҾԴһһһģΧƺˡʱʢƺʲô£ɣʱգžȻһ;ĩ·ĸоһƺǿ־Ķһͷ಻ھԱǻع˱¼ļ϶л㱵˼ţⳡޱ޼ʣѰһɹҺڵƬΡ 
Ժҽ˶ʿڶϻкܶϷƲӦúáľɫŻ˵˿ˮ˵ǣҪΪһ֮Լǰ̡ 
ƿһۣ˵ˡ 
ֻҪϾ鹤شڣǿԼڴֵġѭѭգǿˣЭ͸˽Ŀ⡣ǰȫƲԵ޹ʵطŵ˵Ǯׯʱ㻹ʧһӣ˵ȥϡǵðɣǾζؿңúö롣 
⻰˵òʹƺûص㣬ֳԲ׼֪˶١ҿѶҵСľϣâڱѶѾһСʱˣƺûн⣻Ҿ񾭿Ҫʱ澯Ц̵̯ŸӡƸҡ 
ʲôһۣƺǻ˲ 
һ֤ṩ˲мǾЦң˵ǰõǮׯ˲һ汾㿴ǲӡ󡣡 
ҾȫƺϾըˣ亹һ˲ð˳ҪĶôֳھ 
ҸľĬŶ˴ʮ룬ȴͻȻˣһϴε˽˸ľ˾ 
ξֳľкôˣ 
ֳЩˬһۣžؽＸֽˤ¼д̨ϣѹסˣıǿƴʩȡ󡣡 
лҪ˵³Ϊ¸ڻǳæûʱ££ 
壬ʱӦûָ£Ҽ֧֣лл 
 
 
18  
ұӡܴ㵵رλξֳѶҡֳƺ̫ãһ·ľߵİ칫ңֹţ˴ڰ칫档 
һžͿҵĴ˾˺ڰ칫ǰ˫ֻſڡһʶ˺һ 
󣬴˾ˣˡ 
Һס 
СȥûվȾͰһ⡣ұһ죬˱ûȵһߵСɳϹȥ 
죡죡ļףզô򣿣˾˲Ҵɳ̧žߣѹͲطĶĶϰһţ⻹㣻ϱƤһϵľ˻ûü裬߿ˡ 
˺ˣͣһͣϵĺξֳˣֵµ⺢һϣôȥ͸ûˡ 
Ӿźء˾˳˳һҲǣץҵ˾ˣץôڡ˵ҳˢһ¾ƿҵë£üͷ΢һ£ôԷ˵ôһȺ¹޼ֱ 
ͻȻɪһ£ĬŲӿ 
ģ¶Ҹǣûͷá˵ҲǹԱµ֣һƤˣͷڼúöһξֳǶ˼һңǣҸ˵ʵ¶Ҷ֪ 
һ̧ͷҴ˾һһ 
ξֳеصһ֧̣ǰһûֳǵǮׯİӾԾֵģһʲôϵ֪ʱϱôֽűҾ֪ˣͷӦûСԲȲѣǲᶯġ˵һۣᱻץҪΪЭ͵İӣֱύǰ˲ٵݶٲץе˵ȥˡ 
˲˭ύģ˾䲻һ䡣 
ξֳб˾һۣģôʾû˼ô 
ͻȻԾض˶Ҳ²˭² 
Ҿ͸˵ɡξֳңĵʡί֯ʱҴӴѧѡǶ֪֮Ȼܣ쵼ӻҪġ갸ʱͷ˱㣬õˮ©永˸ʧٵʧ٣˲ǲмǸӡ֤ޡӵĽ㻹ڶԽܸһϣҪڷϰӣȸȡ¶һ־䣬˾ˣӦò󡣡 
˾Цһǻֱץˣʰ 
ξֳһְ̯֣ô죿˵Ҳû뵽ֵǰӵôұ⺢Ӧ˼һ¿϶ʾô֪ 
Ĳɵؽ֡ǰбҵǰ׿䣬һξ꣬һ˷ǵĸд 
ξֳü˿ڲ裬п˾ˣҲģǸһＸ߲㶼֪˶áҳ˵ǰͷҪ͵Ϊֹ˸ҿˣͱʲô¨ 
㵹ġ˾˵һ̧ۣ䲻Ťͷһۡ 
֪ξֳͷģҲ˵ĻҪ뻤ðӻ±ȥʡίͱȱÿһأ֯һֱŵĽҲȵģĴӶģϾʵۡûӣǸ±ֱӾ̫үôڶУοҪԶԶءϴǮӻûأһ˲һ¼Ҫڵʲôʱ򰡡ͣͣǰй˼ذ˵㣬Ҷ֪˭˼Ҳû棬˵סô󻹵øӱǣ 
֪Ҳôġ˾˱һתңһݴһҲġ 
ʶĽĿˡ 
УͻȥɣҲûؾˡξֳֿңСģҲ˵䲻ġӿʼڶ˱㣬˱Ķ㣬ɲǹһĿ˸һ£ͻȻϾ̣Сô꣬ҲбӦˡ 
 
˾˰ҴӿƷܺξֱֳӰѺؼҡʱҲ֪ھ֪ͨҹݣ±һˣֻ˸İɱˡ 
˾˶ݽͨǺ죬ҵָ˰ŵúõϱûһڣͼ徻 
ô¶յ°ǹҵ·üȥұϵ˿ڡ 
Ϸ˴ġҹŲӵ˫ˮ˵ողǻһôôˣ 
ôĶպ˫ˮҷ˿ϣҶʱһ죬Ƶġ 
Ⱥ񾭲ϸҪңⲻҲΪڡҾϥͷĿϸЦ 
ŶϴǮҲΪڣ˾ŭ 
ڨڨˡ 
ӲС㣬һ治֪ޱޱô˵ӡ˾ϵ˵ŪһôǮףôһõô˵һ˦һ̣ɳָҾͿʼҪҶӣһǹˣ񣿣ŽɽȥϴʲôǮȱǮȱǮ֪Ҫ 
ҰԴϴǮ˵ǰ£һܹĻǲĻ䡣һԴ鲣һ˲кܶഺٵӰԺзɿ컮ȴַɿʧˡ 
˳˳ְ̧ѿյŪ˼ȡ㱳󵽵׻жˣģģûУ 
׿ҵֱ֪ҾòӦøߴ˾ˣؼǸṩǮׯ˲˵˭ϸϸһȦ˭ɣֺ˭Ŀת⣬Լʹ˸սֱƿŵĸоʵ̫ëȻˡ 
Ҳ̫һҡҡͷ 
ӣ˾̲סңɳһ㵽׻ᣬ¶ꡣҸ˵仰ԺԿ˵ձһۣеۣۿңݲȵˮ 
̫ģҡû¶ġ̲סȥ˾˵ϥͷŵһξҲˣ۽ǲЦѾǳǳƣЩɳڣ˪ÿһϸڶ͸¶ƣһ顣 
˾ץɳһңǹųţһ©ߴʱ䲻Ȱߵ¶˽ˣϵĲһ£һ± 
±ȥһüܣһоڶѧݡ 
Ҳݴȥһۣ͵ѧô㿴ܲܡ 
 
 
19  
úӵϱһԼŴ˾ȥϴĵڸͨ绰Ҹһ´ξֳ࣬ҲǡӦò󡱡Ҹҧһ䣬°˲ȥ˾˭˵ˮ̫û£¶ûûˡ 
˵Ҳ£ǹ׶㰵ѷ 
ҷֱĬһĿڣǰǸ֤թ鸱㻹ûУ 
Уڶ浵 
ĸһԭ档͵ؽһ䡣 
ͬһˣҡ 
أ 
Ǻ񡣡 
¹ܣ͹ܲ顣Ҳüͷ 
Сһ䣬ȵø㣬鵽˭㶼嶯 
֪ġ 
ȡڼ䣬㰲ֵ̾һ䣬ҲСˡ 
š 
Ҽ̵ع˵绰ͷߣȥֻҵֻһ죬һʼǵصδʾ󲿷ҽԺͬѧͬ´ģԫѧФƽСФƽҷһͨţ߰£˵һףһܳԩѩ˵ͽҪ£ΪʦԺ֮飬Ȼƽ 
ûд绰ٱʱͷѪԵʯϵĲֻӰļͻȻһʱϣһ㣬پһ㣬ܰѰһͷڵƤ⡣ 
Ǹô꣬ͷһηۡ 
һְϸûˡ 
ԴǰҴ˾Ÿ绰ʱΧߵǰ󡣵ϰ˾ŵӵʱڸҷţԼ࣬м͸Źɺ 
ңǲǺ͹һйأҵ 
صسһ£Ƶֻ߬һһҧز˹ȥ 
еȴʱһҪĲһ˼⣬һĵҲаԴŪȥµѾٽ֦ˣˡ 
û˽ӡ 
ڨڨߣҪҪһٴԥţֻԼˣһԴ㶣ҧ绰÷壺ԴǶԲס 
ӣңǹһ 
źŲãһò̫һ˾Ͷסˡ 
һֹסУôôԴأ 
ӣҼšһҧгݣңңҾҲ費ŹԴ 
 
ҪҪСġ 
û䣬һǱһˡ 
˶ˣʮӲŻæҵػز绰˽ 
ҿˣһֻ߬ڿϹתƣһͷˮ赽Ǹʲô״ 
ǰ˾ԡңпû 
ʲôһŽͷҲŲûӦ͸ܾˡ 
ӣ˾˰θɤŶҺ 
֣Ȼ¶ʲôҾ񣬻ŵһ߶߶ܵԡȥһۣ˾ˮаң͸Ųͷ⺢ô˵㡭ôˣ˿ۣ 
еۡ 
˾ɫ΢һ£ˣëҪɾġ 
ûëű߶ҪŸȥ 
Ǿˣ̫鷳˾˵˵Դԡһ£ȥŸҴϡ 
鷳ͳȥ򡣡ұ˱ߴţСҹվк쳬Уһ 
˵˲á 
ûѻ˵꣬һץԿ׳¥ɽһĴ˾˻شеҸëѾС˵ʿֱС3ŴԺ 
ҵĳ⳵˾ǸФƽһĻ죬һҪȥСֵߵ߶سĳϲ᲻أ˵СǸҰƵܰڵ̯߶ʮܳһŸСǴһһ׵ģȥǶô߳ĽҪСֿһվһֵåк 
ұ˾ķңտʼŰӸɴͱˡһ·ԺһǹһһԴƵĽ棬˷룬˷ֲаƶҾһֶѾ˳׸ԺˣʶһʱʶԴһѾˡ 
ôˣĶô೵أǻ˾˿ǰ棬Ҫ۴ӹͤŶǱƹȥ̣öµƳǸȥ 
ưɡǰһﲻɵһ 
ʱС᲻Ӧô¡ 
߹ͤŶǰֻǺ֣˾Цпҡ 
󡭡һû˵꣬ۼ⿴һŵƽгСķ򼲳۶ȥ 
Ĺĳ¶ˣ 
һͰ˰ȫӰһŲ֪Ƕʮʮֽҳʻȥž 
˾ںһٺ𣬲֪Ǯ˻Ǯˡ 
ͷûܣһس飻ܵСֿڵʱ򳵵ѾһƬ˸ưľ߳ţӫ׵Ľ·ϴơ 
ֳܿ߰ĳſţһȫɫؾվſŶԽͣ˵һСһӱú֣ΧһȦˣߣо¥ĵطԴ 
һ㣬Ҿʲôˡ 
ʲô¶ˣҲֻʵץסһΧߡ 
ץأ㿴ֺǺǵذָɳӴľʲôҲ 
ץץ˭ֶˡ 
֪Ƿӡڰ֣Ƕʵˣ˵ոջӪɶģĵӰƵġ 
ոҿû˵ǸոտǹˡԱһͷӲô죿 
ʻǹͷһۡ 
ǷǱȿǹҪôŪô󶯾أͷɣҸϰ˷׼ߵͤźֿϾһ죬Ϊ˭Сأһǰߡⲻһͽˣոյ̿ɴһֵĹŽУ 
ȥؾھ߱ԵסſֵˣͷܶҲʲôȻСһСʱԵü䣬һͷƴŲ߱ԵɲһоȺ˺ָȺóһӺ󣬼С 
ҹɫʣص˿Ϸ죬ʲôҲûȴԽԽˡ 
ֱʱҲһˡ 
šԴûӾͺˣһʱΧ˶عͷҡҲ֪Դǲע⵽ߣߵĽͨøɸɾԴһ·ŵƲˡ 
Դ㡭ҵˣͷ֪һʲôһǻҲȥʣѾĪڴתˡûģûѹҲûʧҶûŪô£ȴرˡ 
ףģġʱһ챻Դסңü㲻ǸǸʲôողȡġ 
һ㶣ʶˣܡ 
Сӣûɵѣƽһһͷһξֳǵ߶קҾӡ 
˽ôңҲˣһһˡ 
˾˸ողŸҴ绰˵¶أҾ֪Ҫܵξֳѳһأǰһ֣ȰСͻȥ 
û˼ҹŲһ䡣 
˼ξֳתңԺͰĹӰɣ˾ôҲףЩΥ¶һ٣ϴżϲҸɣϾֳ֪Ĵ¶һոձǻˡ 
 
 
20  
˾ˮŵССʱˣ˼ͨ绰ŴӺξֳǶҸٻҵʱҵ˯˯㣬Ĭڿɳϣɫܲÿ 
ҵɫҲ̫ÿӦ˵Ҵûɫˣľˡ 
һˣǰҳһࡣ 
ҲˣҲֹˣðˡΣͼôһ䡣 
Ҿɳȥˣ˾һۣ˵ʲô 
Ϻθ˵ˣһһǰĶƷӶֹһµǸǣһ¶ϵҲ󡣡˻ſڣô˵أʵǺ¶ 
ľǻ˫ϥ顣˾˾ôңпһˣЬңӲʲôӲװʲôװǸɫ˭أ˸ܰѹ˵㷢СҲǸģ͵ľҪ־͹ԼҸ㣬ɥպˣŪø˸ʿƵģҲ 
 
ڶһȥӣطһᵽСᡣŻ沢ҿĳϸ٣һͷɨȥȫΧ۵ȺŴͷβûгֹһԴ֣˿еļĪ˵ǾǰС׽һﷷӣֿ;ٳһͨ󾯷ͽǶ£ɹʣҪӣͬ 
ǼһλĹڽָԣûֱӰңˤˡ 
˾˴һֱ绰˾ʮӵʱ⵽ҷ˵Ϣһȷ׷Σ༸ŵͬڼӽѶʣߡϴǮ⣬һ޶֤ͬ˴ڹڵ߿ǲ֤ʵһȥӦòٳͷϡ󰸼ͷŵɽԽĲ֣ǸһϵҲûˡ 
ͽǿƴʩȲߡ˾Щĵؿһۣ⼸ĶҲȥúöڼá 
ôˣҿ˾һۡ 
ʲôʣ 
Ǹͨ񣬽Դġڨڨ̧̧Ƥ 
û˵ôʲô˾˻ӻ֣ͷ￴˿ˣѹ㰾ģȸˡ 
߽ҿһɽζ 
ǰǲʣ£еţ滹ǲ˾油һ䡣 
ҲͷҵһҽԺת˳е¶ 
Ҹ˼ˣȥʲô˾һ죬˵϶Ҫˡ 
˭˵Ҫˣҿ 
±˾˶ؿң¶ҸȥȽϺá 
ҲȥһüⰸӲϾͽôܼݡ 
㱳󻹲֪˭ʱͱ㵶ӣֵطҷȥ˾ŭ˵ҲǷܽˣһȥû˿ָٸͱʲô¨˴ˣôô˲ʡģ 
¶ǰĲ硣Ҵ˴üҪڲˡ 
У¶ҵġһۣʱҾҲ㿸±ȥ 
ֻۺˡû̱ӵظӻһ仰о˾ңͷҲأץԿ׾ˡ 
 
һظԺϵڿƵԬѾڿƵסԺҽʦŸƬڼ칫֮䴩ȥһ̧ͷңƬӶӵϣССģˣ˵꼸Ҹ첲ۣӴڣǲû¶ˣǲ֪⼸ȫԺ¶˵㣬鲰ŶˣФʦҲģϲ 
ʲʲôҷקסף鲰Ŷˣ 
㣡ԬüָͷֱҶͷ㱻˵¶˾ܣ޾ų̂׶һԴаѶͷˡ㿴㣬ɣСסңû¶˰ɣǲ֪Э¶йϵҾ˵˼ҴɶǮʲô¡ 
ǣǰôҼ 
û¶΢𵴣Ϣû¶ˡ˸˼٣⼸ûϰࡣԬڰ֡˵һȥФʦ⼸Ϊ¶ǲء 
Ԭ˱֮һһһƬ䶯һȺʿΧҳФƽſ˹קҵӾͲţ㣬㣬û¶˰ɣû¶˰ɣ˵⼸졭⼸졭˵Ȧе죬Ѻȥˣ⼸쵢Ӷٳ 
Ҹһҽʿ໥οһߵȥһȦϾͷǳԺˡ 
࣬أͷһȻ֪ûãʶȥߵФƽ 
ͽԺʲôߵüкû򡣡ФƽƵؽ͵Ϊ¶λң˵ӲסԺʱ䡭 
ФƽĻûȥ͸ľһڲſڡǵĴλڳλóյģλûбͰûصǣҲûµµʰԴ 
Դǰһţҵʧˡ 
һҲʧˣͬǣٻˡ 
ҳ鴤һ£۾ûˮ 
 
Ϊǿƴʩľ֪ͨ黹û͵λǶûдĵҽԺεȥڶǵĿմλõĴ֮뿪˸Ժ 
úϱ˼Ƥˣʽ֪ͨȡ󣬳ڼԫһֱֻϴ绰һߡлǴ˾˳ָˣھǼǱ㳳˯ž£˸ſ໥ʺһͨ˾üѵ绰ˡ 
ô˼㣿˾˲ؿңְԫֻĺ 
¸ھͻ±ĵؿһۣʲôϸģʰһ¡Щ봦ʹĻֵҲС 
ôôҸ˵Ҳȥü 
ĹϵϾͻᱻ±ҽԺ±õҽҵξֱΡ˾Ŀؿһۣ㻹ʲô⣿ 
㡭ͷˣһӾվ𣬡˭ɵģ㻹ǹҸɲбһȥ 
⻹ΪáҲӣ£û 
һûˡҵǳˣҰĶܲš 
˼˵ǳˣ㿴Щ¶ɣ˾ҡǷʰٲܹ㣬ֱȥ췴 
Ҳȥһ˦֣бȸˡ 
㿴ҸҲң˾оʢ 
аʹ򰡣һͷϳѳѰˣһקһ룬Ϸɻʧ٣ݳǵҶܱ죬Ķȥ 
 
 
21  
ݵĻڳϣһֱǻҹϸǰ̫磬˰̫þǵ˵ʱϸˣܵʱ򱻷ˣݻ񱼼ȫͲ˻ûض㡣˵˾Ҳͷۣ뵱ϱ߶ˣһңֱڻ¡ 
˾۾˵Ϲһ֤Ʊһ߸±ίǴ򱨸˵ȥˡ±ԱҪǰżƻ˾ȥ˹˷ϣŰµĵίļ칫˵ӷƶˡҽڶʰô˾˰ѻس̵ĻƱڰµһ죬˾˵˵ͷǻȥɣԴ˴˾ͦģҲͦġ 
Ҿõ·ǽģһܾܰѴ˾ֱߡһĸûһ쵽ʡܣֻҪ˲ݾһж˵ 
ʱ˼ʲôռطָоǷǴɵġ·ˣӻһüģԸоɱʼǱռ˶ط˼ȥװһҽô˾ˣŪһͨ˵ҽĵأҽһˣ첻ֽͼҾܡ˾˽ŽɣҼڷܿ̿࣬߶߶ظҴأװ㲻·ȥ˵·֪ʶ򲻵˲ǣ˾ΪȻһߵͷһ΢ЦȰޱȡ 
Ҹ˾һţקŴϳȥ;±֯һĸŹ˵ί鳤޺ӲҪǽӷϴȴ֪һɻô졣 
˾ͦƣһȦǾΡ治٣ǴӶ˴Կ׽ң±ҷͷߣҳȥӦǼ鳤ȵҼȥ԰4Ԫ60ܵլȥˡ 
߬Կ׸ƶô㻹ݲؽ 
ظƽʱסǶĻػլԴ±¶ȱլǱ֪һٰڡү屾ͲãҪ֪¶ܵ÷衣 
Ҿе˵⹫ǲ֪áҰѴ˾˵ļԿ״ڿ㶵Щֻ˵һԿˣص±ôŶ 
ҸŴ˾ȥ̨˵ǻƣ֤ԼպãӸ˾˰졣ﻷһȦüͷ˵ˣȥϸһֱȥǶҡ 
˾˲ͷһۣ˵¶ôôడȥء 
˵ã߼ۻһ̲סϴţֱӰϺҡ 
˾˵һ˵¶ࡣ 
Һٺһ֣תˣֻҪûţݻǳģĶʹĶҴӲıƳڲ˻͸·֮ԥһ£·ľ飬˶μñӿϣƱֱڵĻа͡ 
аͿʱҿ˿ʱ䣬뿪˾˵ֻ߷ӡãͳֻѴ˾˵ĺʱŪ˺һ·ֵö쿪ˣ¶ʵûɾгɾ͸С 
аͳ˻ٲӣֻ˴˾ĸ绰λ磬һ·ܡСʱаͳڣĴشӳһؾɵˡ 
ųŶи˴һվţξֳڳվء 
㣬㡭Ŀɿڴ˵㲻ϰʲôء 
˾˽±ξֳһӣҲǵ˰˱Ѫùˣô̯ô 
ǡҵҲô֪ 
ҽȥĻ¼񡣡ξֳһŶ㿴ü۵ 
 
˾˴ڻ˴죬ֱ±ҾҪڹϣ˾ƤЬҡ 
ͲҡҸںҵֽ֤֤ÿȫˣǻѳɶ֣һڡ 
Ϊʲôôݣ˾תң±ļҡ 
Һ޺޵һۣ֨ˡ 
ôѲйˣ˾ѵúɫһΡ 
иƨĹšüתһߡ 
ǡ˾룬˼֣ҪУҶԷҲǸ˼Ҳ뷨±˵껹һ䣬¶˵ 
ֵһۣײˡ 
˾˻һ˼ҲǣҲˡ˵ļһ£ϲʲôģ 
еģĩذָȥ 
˵˵˾һ¡ 
ƯġĲɵػһ䡣 
ϻ㻹һģ 
ǾʹģѧߣǸ鲩ʿʲôģ̵ʱѾԽ˵ԽͣģͻȻԼû˼͸ˡ 
ʵʲôأҾҾͿ챻Լˡ 
У㻹Һ鲩ʿء˾ںЦЦ˳ң㿴Ǳ߶Ǹﲻ 
̧ͷһأ㿴һױŨã㻹ࡣұ˾˶΢һЩĿĵںɨһȦһµģЦŸ˾˿Ц㿴ǸҾϲһͶġ 
˾˸ҿ۹ⲻͦƯǸӸ˵ 
⻰ﯔһ£ʶֳǱ߿ȥ˱㣬ͷһĶ̷Ĳֶˡ 
ǲǡ죬ŻŵЦһˡôôˡûȴ˾˴ǻʹؾվˡҶŶһɤӣǺܴǺСͷβҶԼһ 
鲣 
һӾͻͷˣ˶һ¡ҾʱҪĵӰǾͷ϶߻ƵһתԱֿɾɿ飬˿˾ޡ 
ҾҲޡ 
㣬ȥĶأҼȥͣƶסˡ 
ӡһ˱Ťôɰ 
ʲôҵ 
ûʲôüأҸҰֱˣҳš 
ô¶ 
ϡӲ˦һ䡣 
ȥ±ұˡ 
ЦʲôЦҹûˡ濴ңҰѽʦˡ 
Ķ 
±ްҽԺŲӣ˵Ƕȱһʦ 
ҲȥǣԬ˵ŶˣĻˣ 
ſĻˣӪҽԺ׬ǮࡱߺŸҵ֣ȥҺλ 
߶λӣ˾˳֡ 
˭鲿һۡ 
ҴˣξҰȡ󡣡ȥʵòֳ桭֪㵣ңôֲֵ 
˭ΪҰˣ鲱߱ңߵ˾ǰкһã¾͸˾˿׿ˡ 
һӺſݵ±ĺʽʼǻ̧ۿͷġ-±ĸ֣ʮСʱһαȴ˾˻е˵ǻڡ 
лҪ˵ףһС˽϶ͼ 
系С״˸䣬Ū˺ʥĸо 
 
 
22  
˾˷ɻʹֻͳﲿ𣬸ĸװһļƣҵһӴӹʺһߡһСڴһͷ֣һȺΧȥļģЦ̣ò֡ 
һȥĶһͷ࣬һ¡ 
ҼұסңҽԺǱ߶ûҲûᡣ 
һ£־ȥҽԺ˽ţλֵҲסСֲȫͷҽҴ˾ڶҽԺѰһСͣסǶ 
̰һۣҲû˵ʲôСġ 
˲סôһ䡣 
ǼҽԺԶɵ֣Ű鲵ͳȥˡץŰ鲵ϳ˾˸ӡеıر֣ϰԵذѴ˾Ǹ԰ˡ 
ڳʱһֱŰ鲵ָ֣Ħģо쳣Υ 
ҰɣҲ 
롣תĿ͸ô𰸡 
Ϲ˵һ£ôԶܹ 
 
˱ݿ˷ȻظŰ¥˵Ƹ̾˵ϱ£㿴ⴲ 
鲰ϵ߹ңⴲôⴲϻ˯ 
ҽô˯̧ͷװɵ 
쿴ңϵĺ쳱һһ㷺ռ䣬Ҫ˯ϸ¿ȥ 
УȰⴲůˡҺٺЬñӡ 
һתȥ˯£˵أߵһѰ§ˡ 
ûִֻҵĸ첲̾һӡ 
šҰѿڱǶԵеƣ鲣İɣˡ 
ءͷ°ͷһ¡ 
ھãҿұСãҪҿ϶ûˡϸϸӣոڻҾ룬Ҫһҿ϶ˣҿ϶ϲˡϲһ̫ˣ鲣ˡ 
ôָ̧ͷӡ 
ۣ˾µҵͷҧľѣ»䡣ҵһ£΢еɪַϲľ΢˲ףںҵ촽ϡ 
Ҿһı㣬֮ǰҸѹƣһ֮͸ɲһƵžˡԱ˴˵嶼İ֪Ӧķʽ̶ȵȡöԷҰѰ鲵ת˹һסףһִϣ֮䲻ϵɱӶᡣеңұץţȡ̶ȵĿСһ־Ͱ˱Žǵƣ˫˫˵һߵĴϡ 
û뵽أزҽһնת 
ôˣҳϰϢеû 
ҡҡλһֻסңұˡ 
ô¶Һɵȥ·һͿдƤˣµľɵģƤĹӴģڿﰤǶٱءеĵط֯Һ·һƿĶ͵شһСƤ⡣΢鶯һ£˱ˡ 
ǡִģеëˡ 
Ҳ˾ͺˡԼȥ·أһ¾ͺˡ˵ģǰ֪Ұѹֳһ٣ûü 
ⲻɡüͷһ壬Ҳְҵϰߣû˿ڡվͷȻȥҼҩƱʲô 
һ£ 
Ӧǲ˼һ֣ͦɿ˰ףӼһ£ȻҶͦģѸɾ˵Ұ 
Ϲ˵ʲôأ߳ŭץͷ͸ӹˡ 
ҺٺЦ¥ȥҩ鲻ͦسŲңӡһ˳־ͰѵӸˣߵЬϴҽ 
ذ鲵ûв˼ͦؾͱȥˡ鲵ıϹ۽ĿģЩ̣ϵĶỺ˵Ҳµ֡ 
鲵ʧЦ㣬һǾͱģϸ˻°ء 
ͣͣʵǸʱִô 
ڵŤŤӣʲôʱ򰡣 
װʱǸոմϻұͷеᣬʱһ仰ˣȥŶҲûУ˻߯쵰 
㻹ڡ͵͵һ䡣 
Ҽ⡣ҵͷҧҧһͷ˺ƹᣬ˳ƾͰȦڻ֪Ǯׯ˲ֽǻҾˣ϶ͷֵġǻͷŸ룬˵㵽׻ǼǹңҪȻֲڰҰﵽزʱҾ˾ͺˣҪǻҿ϶һŶ˼غ㣬ĶҲȥ˭ˣ˵Ҫ磬硭 
һ·Ϲڻе˸еسȥˡ 
ˡԼŪ±ᣬ῿һͻȻ̾˿ӣͲ˰ɣ 
һĶֻҪǸһĶɡҲҪ±ҾͰҪݣһ仰˵ߡҶ˶٣񣬡֣û¶ɣ 
˱ԴҸҰ֡ˡϸǻ֪ô곳ȥΪ㲻Ǳ̾ôǻֲ֪˵ıһϹ¶ֻҰ֡ͦòŸڵģ˭֪һըʶҵ֣ʵҲǸܱҰǼģҪˡ˵Щ 
ҰסͷϹ˵־ϲôӦΧ£¶ã㵽ӣܻƹġ 
ü̾һ 
ҴչȥǱһ£ҵĶеܻӭ㡣Ҵһֻ˳ƶ»ͷһְֻԱߵͷϡʱЩɿ飬һֻҵĸ첲»ĵط 
ҳðڴϾǸʮܹ˵һֳ嶯סƽСǻý˵˴ͲҪ˲ҪʡƽʱôѰĶۣһʱȴ˴ݻĳ嶯鵽Ũʱ鲼ֻǲͣزϢʮָұϺݺʺָӡʱıǺʹֵֺҷ񲣬޲þô 
鲵ı˲˼ϡѵƣ̫ûǣ˴˶еæңڵʱѾ֪賿㡣ңҲЩ飬Ķ鲣˵ϲô 
ϲ 
ϲ 
һֱϲ 
 
 
 
23  
˷ɻҾһֱûֻһ򿪾ʮδʾľս 
һһ£ƺû˯ѹڡ 
һͦӴϱ˶ˣĴתȥϱһص·ӡҺ·˵ͷжڣǻšҴӰ鲵·صקҵĳ㣬ױ߸鲽ֱͣӻҵšһ㶵üëؾˣԿ׻ء 
Ҳˣ˻ǡ 
Ҽӣûޣȥ 
ţš鲸ȻҸһȥһ˾˾˵˷ɻһ˾ͺȾȥˣȸҰܻرݵġ 
Уұסһ£һ£һԼϲʰȥˡ 
ɳĬĬһ˵ǣֻ˴绰ͨȴ˲Ǳ߾ 
ˡҵкһ 
ôֻǱߴһİ˵ 
һ㶣˭أ 
Զǵ顣˵ᣬҰæĵ绰Ķ 
Դһľææ˿ݴͷıֽƱݣôˣ 
ԶǱͣһ£ǸԱߵ˽˼䣬ָҿ˿ڣȻͰųƱݽٵȶʮӺô 
áʶֹ 
ûϵǻܿ쵽ġЦһ£ԭصȺôϾͳǵֻһֱţ¶ʹĵ绰ϵ 
һǱѾɾع˵绰ü´ףȥҵС䡣 
 
Զڶʮ׼ʱʱոչһŻŵظ鲽״ʰµáƱҽа鲾ڱݷÿնϵ 
ԶʱŴ˾ͨأƺȴǴ̴̵λԶԶؿ͵ĹڱƱſͣ£һ˴ӳʮͣ׾£ȫ¶͸һɾζ 
ǰɣֱӳ߹ǳ񡣡 
áеŵصͷ 
Զòص˵ͷЦʮֺ㣻˵ͣڳϵأƢãЩȥ 
ϿȥϹȻŸˣϡǴ˾ˡ 
û뵽Ҳˣﲻеԭһһᣬ첽߹ȥųųһЦݣˡ 
Ķȥˣһûۿҡ 
˷ɻҾ͸ѺȾȥˣⲻȸ˾¶ҼЦţҲʶǰ鲣֪ⲻǸôˣҪҿ϶ԹԵػȥ 
˾üëһһأĲʶѵҡ 
ǡСʣ˯Ķ 
˯Ķ˾˱صͺһſڿһۣԶйϳ 
һͷһۣԶѾس߹ˡߵʻǰͣ£Կװһ¡ 
ҪԿ׸ʲô˾Ƴһۡ 
Զָָҵ䡣 
š˾ְԿ׵ݹȥ΢һ£Ҫæô 
û¶ڳšԶڰ֣Լϳҷȥˡ 
Զ·ذͻغ԰˾Ѻ¥˱Կ׸ңݺǴһͨ׼¥ 
ҽԺǱҪ·ݲűʱסָ¡˾ִŰֽѵҡ 
֪¶Ǹ⡣ͣ⹫Ǳô죿 
Ǳߵ˵ʱһϡ˾ںع˼ţȸլǱ˵ѧڿʼҪ±·ݱʮ˺װݷɻ±ôһ쵽Ͻһүӿͳɡ 
ҲС 
˾˿ԶһۣԶֻŸһ¡˵ңԶ飬±ʲô¶ҪҲʱ 
ԶһЦƬݸҡ 
УæġպƬ˾˵ͷ 
˾üû˵ʲôԶ¥ȥˡ 
˾¥ҹʹػƵ̨ȥ˿羰ԶԶ˾˸Զ³ȥ̸߽߱˾һذԱߵ˵мֺͷϸꡣ˿Ҫߵڵʱҿ˾ͻȻ̧ԶĶϴһ£ӺһֱͣһӣԶЦЦץץ˾˵֡ 
ǿһ£ҵسһ顣 
˼Ц⣬ʧڳˡ 
 
˾˸±ҽԺϵĵʦ½ڣһţƺΣͷФƽĵʦһҽѧ½ڵұʱCNKIϼӡбҵﻹճ˺óһΣԴ½ڷĳɹʱ沿飬൱ 
ҵ±ûФƽҴ˸绰˵ܸоࡣµĵʦ˭˵½ڣФƽָͦòŻһ䣺аͦãͦгϢ 
Фƽ˵úöѧϰҽѧԺ 
˵á 
µҸһʱһȥް±㲻ʲôϵ̨ĴҽԺȥǸΣְλŵøߣнҲԺ˲ֹһΡްϾǼӪҽԺⶼ͸Ų棻һ鲲ôᣬܾˡ 
ްҽԺҹª˷ָεԱãһȥվ̨վýסû±زϢ˵ֱסްŵְƸסһ̨СͶСʿǼʳáڴ˾˼û¶ųʳȥѰ˼ﻹõʲôʱһῴŰ鲴ްһ֪Ķгᣬͷϻһҡһεعкзһůĸоһһͷ 
һ߲˾һ߸˵ѧǶҪͷҸҴ˵һ£취ҽԺչʲôĶҪһЩ 
۾գҲգ˵ͦõģ㿴ڻǸΡ 
˵ԼƭԼǧܵ±ΪӪҽԺΣ 
ӪҽԺôˣƲӪҽԺһۣΪɵΪҸôҽԺȥƫҪȥްͿðɣްʮ͵÷ 
УԶЦǻи¶Ҵ±ӣÿһҿȥҵøѡǼġ 
ҾסͦõģûҪ򡣡ҡҡͷ˵ǮҲʡ 
Ķˣҿͦʡһ§ס˵㲻Զ޹ôôҲôί㰡 
˭Զ޹ˣ鲱ߵɱƣһ쵽֪ 
ҳôҺöûҳһв˵˵žеп˵ⶼ˰ 
šһۡ 
˵Ǿô˰ɣڻҲе۲ˣϣĶҲȥˡ 
ǰҶҰַˡ鲵߶ڣһҲˡ 
ûϵͻȻ˵ȫһ 
㵱ǵ¶Ҳǳˡ㱳ˣҰ־ôҲû취پ¶Ҳͷһ߲˲࣬Ҿô룬Ÿһܳ 
죬վû˵ʲôֻѻ˽˽ 
Ҳ˵仰鲵˰죬ڰ಻סͷҡ 
ûû¶Ұѹѹ۾ͺˡ 
 
 
24  
±Ĵñ΢һЩ±¥ǰԺӭողŴ˼įĻǶ䣬ʹ绰㱨˵úϵѾ欵÷ʢˡ 
ͦãʱʺȥɽɹɹ̫һ°һȦ齫ɵ۶ʲôġҸģϴǸϸ߲Ʋµ߯׼ 
Ҫϸ߶͸ûЦңҲҲ˰ɣðݶ˰ɡ 
Ϲ˵㡣е˼ðأҶ֪ˣݾ̨ķ㵱ԼαأһרƵСɪġѴˣޣԸ˵ֺ˼ҶǮɣ 
ڵ绰Ǳߺٺһɵ֣Ҳûңֳ˾ϵͳųĵһ磬ͻȻϴιһ¶Ϣû 
һ㶣̰ϢҲ֪ôˣ 
ûҾʡҳĬһ£ҪԴϢͺˡҼǵ˵ݰߺס桭 
˼˰οڣСģ˵ģ¶ٹˣǸ޵׶òû¶ٸҹȨԡοԴˣվı߶һ 
죬û˵ʲô 
ãԼ¶ͣһ£ˣЭ͵İŪͦף֪ʲô¶ôлͱˡ 
ôҲɾлʲô£ 
˵ԽЭô󶯾лû֪ЦһҪûмȵ棬ŶԽԼĿ 
üͷɽһ¡ 
Ҳɰɡͷ²⣬ũ񹤼¥ʱЭ;ʣһ˵˵ȥȱǮлôطû˵ҵˡ 
ͻȻ 
ô 
ҽǰǱߵǸԭ棬ŶûУ 
һƤ˾ٲ黹÷ѷѾ˳ɤӣйϵ 
лͣеˣڵվʹлͷϵ  ģҾһֱû뵽 
ô˵еš 
Ͻ飬֪Ǯׯ¶֣οꡭе¡㶣ˣͰҲɡֻ뿴ǲǡ 
ʲô¶Ҹ㣬߸˲㣻Ҫлͣͼʲô 
ҡеʧˣлϺء 
˵ 
û¶ɣн˸˵һͳɡЦЦ¶Ҳš˵ڨڨط˵绰 
Ҵڴ˾˼鷿ɳϣͷеգͻȻļˣҹֲ˭ںܶǰѾˣҹһƽ鲵ҽ¹ʣǵɽٺũ¥лͿľӪһлΪӰʱڹ˵л޹ˣϧԶȸǳ 
лô֪ġ 
ҸԼһǷ̵΢ЦԼָֻһ 
 
ʮ˺죬Ҳòһ糾͵ӸŴ˾˻լԴļ¶Ǻܸ˵ģȻ˵ϴҽѧԺ±еڶҽԺǨǨ⹫λ˵ǽһ㵱ȻǼ¶ӷϯ⹫ͤһ˵Ͳ˰ɣ˰ɣʵ±طͦõģ⹫סһӣ±ӻ 
˾˿һۣǲ߰±ء 
һ㶣ֵͦؿ˴˾һۣ˵ô֪¶ 
ʲôӣլôһطţһס䶼Сſ˿ڣޱޱǰסĵطڻء 
ˣ˼Ըȥ㵱˭ϡסƷء⹫˵һ䣬ЦǺǿңû¶ֻҪ±סĶסǶѡõؽû 
ûһĶء˾˽˻磬û¶¶ҰţһȦСţҪǳ˵˵ܸۡ 
ǲŶ󰡣һסһСţ˾˲һ䣬˵ɣ 
ûǳ¶ͷôǰ˾ͦؿһۣһǶŮ˻黹̥أӴͦá 
ǰá˾һ֣ҲͦҵƮ˹ 
Ҳǣ⼸¶ϲظЦ˵ǼϾͬء 
еסˡ 
 
¿ͷһ˵±ҽԺȥµʦ½ڱͣθݣôüĿƫƫᰮɫЦû¶ڡ֪ԵϷСʿΪ֣һʱݻһҽѧʦû󡣸ȥĵľұƱҵè壬һʱҲల£һûעҵĳɹ½̨£̨ʵڣദҲۡ 
½Ⱥ󻻹ţÿǺƽ֣һѡ϶ǮüأܵԺ칫߶תԺ¶˵±ļӪҽԺֳ߼ţĶѣŪöҽԺԺҲ̻̣ͦҽԺŽһıչ̤̤ʵʵҵ 
һ½ڴСʱûϺą̃϶Լ˯ȥˡ½ڳվ̣߳˵ǲ˵ģŪþͿԺȥްϸΣиβǿ졣 
һ鿴˵˭ 
ްϸƸ˸鲩ʿͦ˵̨񾭸ԼƵģʮ¶½ڶ̻ң˵ԺҪ˶á 
˭˵İ֪˵ǰ鲣ͷеˡ 
ްһԺ齫ʱ˵ģ˵ǸСʮ겻ѹȺۡ½Цһ£ֿæҵʦ˵˭̨ͬްǱ߶š 
ްҲȥҿһۡ 
ǰްԺƴţÿһӾͿʼҶ䶼ˣ˵Ǯ˵ˡ½ԼͻȻһ֣˵ҪǿҸԺĽ飬ˡ 
㶣һΪÿξ͸ԺЦްϾӪ 
ӪôˣҾ;Ӫͦá½Ϩͷ̵ңԺҪǳϢҲȥӪҽԺڹҽԺűһףҿžͷû˲šڿްϵǸͷް±ӪѵõȫҽԺûǮ˲šͿðɣʮ꣬ްܸǶҽԺͥ񡣡 
½߸˵꣬Ϻˡ½ֶСʦһɿ»·̨ˡ 
Ǹг½ڴʱϲ˵Ҷͦұ߸֯ĥոո˵Ļؾ˼ 
 
 
25  
ĩһլ⹫ţʷ˾˻լԷ˷Ҹ᷿ˮ˳򳵵⡣˾˶ҵĹƻһ˵һǮû׬˼Ǯȥ󱼣ҿ俪²ˣ㲻ٰ 
˵ͦᰡݿֶ֣˿£ 
Ǿеף˵У޾ڣҲǸܼҰܹ˵ģҵúúöһ¡ 
˵Ƿأϴ˵СŶûУ 
˾˵Ŷ¶ҵǸģǱһ200ƺСԾ㣬䣬ҪǶֱӰȥ 
ϻҴǶ˳㿴˿ʲôĶٱݵ׺áҪȤһȥ˾˵ϰĵطԶ˵Ҫгû¶ 
ţһ˵¶ǱŲŲ⼸һֱĥް 
ްҽԺ˾һ£Ƭ̣ʽôҪǸģ¶ȥ̸ 
ڡָͷҲû˵ȫ򣬿عɾСǰҾǮԼ¶ʲôģұרҵģԼҽԺȻáҾһֱĥ±ͦ졣ްҾϲȫƣָоͦġ 
˾ЦЦ۽ƣõͦ󰡣ͦ֡ϥϿң˵׼ʲôʱ֣ 
Ҿһ뷨¶ԼԴھһͷ࣬¶оö룬ʱ±·ӣȶ˶ʿ˵ɡҺǺһ֣ʮ֮ǰܵԺҾ֪ͦˡ 
ʮꡣ˾Цͦ⣬ء 
ǶȨı˽ƻҴҵȤҰһۡ 
ҲƻҾ֧һ±ӪҽԺչ˾ü˵ղף˽¶üĿûУ 
ʲô˽¶װɵ 
ɼҵ㲻ȳɼô˾˴սҡ 
һ֪ΪʲôоͻȻԶվڳſڵĻ档 
¶㻹˼˵ҡҲɿ˻ȥ 
Ҹ㲻һػ˻֣˵㡣 
ôҲһˣҲü˵е꣬еЩ¶Ҳ룬ǸµĴеڴЩ־塣 
ϹͦȻЦЦ绪ï 
ҵͷһﻹ̧̧ͷ⹫ŸһҶڿ￴ӣŴ˾˵Ŀ⣺Ҹ˵ʵҶ˶٣Ÿ˵ʵ 
а˵ͷ 
ģ鲡رĵᣬϴݻϵǸ㻹˵ͦƯǸ±ˡ񣬻˿ҸһԶ 
ͣû˵һӾ 
ô¶ҵͷ˵Ҳ˵¶ 
ϲ˭Ҳܡʱ·һ㣬˾ͣ˺ܾò˵ý顣 
 
Ǹһڲָϵġʱڰ鲵￴ϴ·ʹ˵绰˵Ǹ͹˾˵ 
Ҷ˵˵ɣǲл 
Ǳ߶˶٣˵ǰйһȥ뿴дЩַʲôģûŶͳͷβǸƤ˾ʦǸǸ˿ģǰҹһΣ֮ǰ 
һüʲôϵ 
˵ҵʱȥָһƱĻˣһֱûѶɽ𲢵ʱƱϵġҲ˵ɽˣɽȥҵȻϾͳˡ 
ɽںһѣͦԸصóۡ 
šȻɽڹѡл֣Ҫ˵͵͵ߵҲ˵ùȥͣͣҲǲ²⡣ҵɽȥõͬ˲֪˲¶ֻ˵ñץǰ죬ԼлһȾơ̾˿Ҳͨ죬ֻ֪Щˡ 
ҳĬһ¡ 
Ҫܻáο⼸мԺߣлֵ֮ġ˲мƣڼҲڲʲô 
ôҲʵ 
Ҫ˵ֻ˵á̾̾һˡ 
費ڨڨ૵ 
ˡ˵һ䣬ġ 
Ǳߣɽжûһ䡣 
⵹ûУҶǱ˾ϵͳֲ죬Ҳûɵļ󡣡˵ҲǸӯģ˵ڵ󡣡 
һվǾɽûйϵлҸһУ¶ϵҴ±ˣɽĹɷʱ붯˻㣬ȥʹɶȨ档 
У¶Уֻܷ±š̤̤ʵʵӣЩˮˡ̵ҡ 
֪ҵͷ˵绰 
ҰԼ֫չ̯ڴϣͻȻ;ôۡ 
ͦʬأ鲴̨·˳·Ь̧ҡ 
˳ץĽһڴϣҸסˡ 
鲣ͷһһ׽סȥס 
㻹飿跳ù󰡡˼ãͷ㣬Ʋˣ 
ûС֣챾˵л͵¶뵽ҽ¹ʻˡҸĥһͻȻ˳¶鲣ҰҺ¶Ҵ˵ˡ 
鲸ڵˣһ˾ͽ˰죺˵ˣǣʲôӦ 
Ҽ§ҽ顣 
鲲죺㣬ҰǰҲ 
û˵Ұϲ˭ңý顣ĲɵزСǶԼи¶ҡ 
ͦػͷһۡ 
ôңû˵Ҫȥ顣ҰԴȥҵȢ˲Ҳǵ˼ҡ˵ⱲӾźһæأĶпȥڱˡ 
а㲻ȥźˣ˻ϸźô죿Цҡ 
ûУٺѪ˰Ҹëϯ֤ⱲӾһˡװģؾ֣ۼϱ˽ͻأö࿴Ůһۣ 
ޣһֱֵҺϣһ˲ǻСô 
¶û˵ңǼҪҲȽᡣ˵ļҲǻвôСһƻýҰѰ§§ҾǸ˵һҴ¶̬Ȼͦɺ͵ġ£ʮ궼ǵҲܡ 
鲶˶٣ͦص߲䣺Ҹ˵ʵҾеʲô 
ʲôҿ 
˵ʲôһüڻҾеãһʮ˻û飬͸ˡ 
㶣ͷµĸоһһϮˣʶһ䣺ܰɣ 
Ҿһ˵鲸ϽƲ壬룬һҳ¶ƼҵӶڵõһ仰ƮȥˣΪʲô 
ҸϽҡͷϹ˵ôԽԽ񡣡 
ã¶ҰѾҳˣǼǱ߲ڡ鲱˵˷ſң·ûء 
 
 
26  
ܶûҸ½˵һҪȥӣǰ˼ˡ 
˾˱ԼʱССʱ˽ҡ³ʾϳʱڶֻϲָʾ߹绰Դ 
Ϻطֿ˾Զ 
ůԶһǳɫƳīɫ챳ģ΢΢ţ¶һع⻬ľһ׽̫յĿʽϸϸһϣ޶˶ұԱĴͳԶԶ 
һ쵽ģæͱô֪ԼȥںϾ˵㿴㻹ϣ˼Ϣʱ䡣 
û¶ҲšԶںӾһЦҲã԰СͦҲѰ˼С͡ 
СͲʰɣٸСܴˣסС̫ǣĵʵ 
һأҶû顣ԶصûңһסСͦõġ 
٣ˣҷί߷ôһضءҿ˴˾һۣ˵ǲɡ 
Ķأ˾˵Զһۣ㲻ҵĴ 
ԶһЦôᣬԼš 
ܰɣҸ˵ȥ˾һ仰Ͳˣǣϸ԰ϰԼ˳Էпհɣ 
ϵУô̳ԷҿôϵҶÿֱˡϾƱôһˣ˵ǵö಻˼ 
㿴ģϲֱ˵ҲСһ±ӻÿɫ 
ʧЦһ£һûһظЩ޹ʹĻһ·ӡǿ¥ſںţվһһ¥С㣬һЦݿ䡣˾ͣ˳Ҹ˺һȦ󻷾ֽȥ˿Ҳʲôë 
û¶æǵģҸԼߡ˾˶ſ̵ͷһ˽£Ŷ಻˼ 
ǿ̵ȻϣҪ㡣˾Цһ£ԶԶ԰Сͣתתȥ 
ðɣԼȥСԶһ¡ 
УҸתơ˾˲ɷ˵ذԶƸ̣߿ˡһְͦϰԶΧ 
˾һңøոǷΣ 
ͦãʲôëҵͷҵúĺãҪǾҲҾˡ 
ֲסôҾúʣ˾˵һۣԼ֪ 
Ҿ;ͦð䣬Ǯס㡣ͷҾ˵һװ޽Ĳ̫ãոǿ̶Ӧòܰɣ 
Ҹող㿴ô۶ʲôģ̲סһ£Ҫ鷳ˮװޣǵȵʱ䳤װӼ͸ŵúĴꡣ 
ǵõȶãһסˡӦ 
Ҫװˮװ޵ʱסǶҲҪ򳵣°Ҳ㡣˾˲²˵ 
ֲһסҴŵðһ䣬תߵȥ̣Լ̬΢ɻһ 
˾˵ɫȻһӾͱˡĬһ󣬿ңǲûⷿӣǸ˭סһ𣿡 
鲡Ҳڵȥ 
ˣ̧̧Ƥʡ 
еˡҴһʱ򡣡ҵƨɵ̣Ȼ򾲵еİͣⶼˡɡ 
ǲð˹ӡ 
Ҫãҿһۡ 
˾˾û˵ĬָҲһӡڼһֱֹסǱ飬ģ䲻鲵ЩԶСһԺлȥ˾ǰδеĿɡ 
ǣͻȻͣ˳ϲˣûǡ 
˶٣˵ˣּǰߡĬĬں棬˼ͣתҡ 
㲻ʺ·ѻ˵ˡʱһԣ͵ǳ磬ϲ˾ˣûҪһӺ档չҪӵġ 
û磬ҾһӺģ⡣ҾһȴȻֱûȥϲˣҾϲˡŮȢеһӣ¶ 
˵ôɵĻң㲻ڶȫ綼迴أԲںɼں֪³ʲôôˣˡһĬͻȻͲ˵ˡ 
ʲô𣿡ܹʮ꣬ҲͰ˭ˣ 
Ҹ㲻һ˾˺ܴغǳң˵¶ 
ҵ֪ĶһˡƢͻȻˣѹͺбھ˵ 
ôģΪã˾ɫšˣҸŭĿӣֲ¡ 
ڣֻˡ 
˾ŭδɱŵҵƣˢصֻǡ 
ԫ˾˵ķŭ˲תˣû¶ֻʲô 
ԫڵ绰ͷ˵ؽһ 
˾üͷһأʶؿңˡ 
 
˥ߣߵϢҼԺһֲĲڴ꣬һͻȻʧȥָ񻨶лˡȥҲӲд˶ʮ꣬ûκԤ׵ؾ˯ȥˣֻǻûô 
һѹģһôãôãôܾôĩ뿪ˡ 
˾˰Ѹز̵ķˣֱӻصºլ⹫Ŷ˶µӭû˸˵¶ϴһٷԵͦѹ֣⹫ҽе鷿ãվ̾һ 
¶죬Ҳ˽ˡ⹫ҵļ磬룬ôôԼڹ˶ܲˡҸĬһ̧ͷȰؿңҪȥȥɡ 
㣬ҡɵ㶵ز֪˵ʲôˡ 
ˣ֪⹫ң˳Ű鷿߰ɣ軹Ūҹڵģȥ 
 
ԫֻͻˣԺѵ׼׼ô졣 
ֻԫĺݵʱ˾ָģѶһĵһ¾ǷֻѺˡ 
ԫŹ˵Ҹ±ͦ㣬Ҫпվ͸Ҵ绰 
Ұֻ߬￴˿֪ôءʱ˾˾Աߣ͵һ飬ΰ಻ס˿ڣ˭ԫ 
šպֻ 
ȥ 
ûȥ 
˾һ㶣Ӳڵع˹ͦ 
˵ؼʲô¡ 
±ˣ˾̧ʡ 
ûأ 
 
ⲻǾ롣 
㻹롣˾ͦ˵һתȥתүô˵ 
㶣˵Ҫȥȥ 
˾ץɳ֣Ĭһ󣬵üңȥɣ 
ʶЦЦ˵ôҪǸҳϯʹҵȡ 
˾˲ͷһ߹װ֪ȥ 
ڨڨסЦݣĶأ 
˾˲ˬغһŶȥˣ˰غںݺݵתȥ 
һȻ 
 
 
27  
¶ûи˵ǴҲǸʵʱⳡҲ֪Ķ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱͷ¶֪ΪʲôǴʵġһἰԼסںƽСʱҸŶ˵ԫҰ֡һⶼǶǰ¶ˡ 
ԫ±ֵࡣͷһֵҹֵ࣬Ϣʱŵ緹ҰһѼʱűͰ͸ˡʱŷ׼ȥʳã½ԶԶؿ¾ͦµشңްС˰ 
ͦ˼ػͷ˼Ҿôˣ 
ûôҾ㵱ĵްأ㿴˼ƶʹˡ½ڲ֪Ҹ鲵¶ϰڻоһ˾ȥˡ 
֪ҿЦõذڰ֣ŰǱ߹ȥˡ 
˵ʲôء鲿һۣ˳ְѱͰݹ糬Ѽۣ㰾ģܻ𡣡 
СĽҿţЦſҷϱͻݰ㿴⺣˿еö 
˭ϱأ˿ҲϳģҪǿһȦҲŲء˵žϴļݣ㿴ڸɾģٲܰ㶼ܷˡ 
ۡҼ㣬һ߳ɵ֣ĶǸɾҪ˵ҪǸһ£һô 
鲶ݺݵһۣһ·ֵҡ 
Ҹûǰ߼ͱ˽סˣ˵һһСʿҽǰ浼ҽ̨Ƕ 
㶣˭鲾Ͳңвˣ 
ʱӦòɡұ˵ǰߣҲ˼ҸһȥͿҽ̨ǱվŸϸˣһĺɫɫࡣ 
Ȼֻһ棬ʱϳˣԫĸףȴ֪ôƺ 
ڨڨؿ˿ڣʱңҴ²µó̸ݽʲô 
Ƕ԰ɣհҶӡ˵ 
̡˲ôŤĴʳƺվǲ˱֡ 
Ŀȥûŵɣ˵¶ 
ûûСһعͷȥ˿鲣ΪҵĲˣߵ˵ͷָָȾͷֵңЦתȥˡ 
Ҳ˵̫á˳ҵĿ⿴˿鲣Ϊҵĳͬ¡תͷȥٿʱһЦݣصؿ˿ڣ¶Ҳ֪ˡ 
ţԫҴ˴ĵ绰ҵͷ 
ҡǼǰǶԲס㣬֪Ҳԭ¡˵Ҹһ尾Щ¶ҵ֪ЩǼ治֪Щ¶Ҫ֪ңҡ 
˵˼䣬̲סЩʡ 
̣˵ҹܵҽ̨ĻʿҪ˱ˮݸʱвˣض̲ס߿һۡ 
ӹˮ˻һֱ㵱ġǰΪޱޱԫʱϴһֱûϣˣҾһֱ룬ǸʲôңʱҼˣ;á񡣡 
Ҿ͵سһ¡ 
Ǹ˵Щġӻתңô꣬ͻȻˣҲġҲ̫ġһ˹ֿġǹݣ˾ֱᣬ㡭ҪǷ㡭صȥڲ˵ˡ 
֪ˡҵͷ 
̧ͷϵϲϣǣô 
ҡһʱ֪ôشʱһͻȻˡ 
衪 
еϤһͷȻͿԫˣ糾͵أʱͦһ硣 
ԫ 
ϴ㶼ˣ̼æתм־ִ٣ôôҲ 
ҲҪôءԫסһͷңǡ 
ͻˣ֪ʣ֪ΪʲôһԫһеžڶҸأ㵹ʲô 
裬ҪȻȥҸ˵˵ԫߡ 
أҸĵúúöء˫ֲ嶵￴Ű̱ԫȥվ¥ſ˵˼䣬ֻͷңڻ뿪ˡ 
ͻˣҿԫֳ߹ԺɥٻЧʡ 
ҲǸյһؼû֪ҽԺˡûֱӹҽͣҲǹҼ㡣 
죬ϰԵ뷴䣬ȴûʲô¸Ťҵ˵ü³һ䣺֪ 
ԷûҽԺŶתмС跿Ҫҹȥ 
ˣԼˡֵǱ߿˿ϻҪֵء 
УǸ졣ԫ˫ֲ嶵עңһҼ㣬±ͦõģ϶ˡ 
ţҲͷ֪ĸͻȻòһ£ſھҸô 
ԫһ£ƺһֻԴô񡣡 
ʵش֣ 
ڨڨջ֣΢΢ż˶ûˣҲûʲô 
ҲͷһۣҷǼҵ˶߯һƵġ 
ã֪ͷεЦһ£ת⣬ˣ˵ǰҲ±ˣ 
Ƕ֪ 
ô֪ͻȻְֵͦ䶯ġԫζؿһۣʽô 
ʲô¶ͻȻе˼ 
ǣ⻰ҲӦҸ˵ԫ˵ɽ߻ʵԶҪϲ˭Ҳû˹ţҾҲá±һ¶ţֵ䡭 
Ҳü 
Ҳ˵㡣ң¶øͷһҪô飬Ҫô̯˵Ȼ鲴±Ҳǵ˼ҡ 
죬Ŵŭ 
˾ǵУǲŰ鲹һӡԫ˵¶úöǰɣʵڲУҲ 
 
˭鲽˱ͰǶߵҡ 
ԫ衣ƣֵɳ 
һ㶣ԫ裬ǲġ 
ֱϵѪװɡͷŲŲῴһۣ¶˵ʲôͷڱͰҿʢѼ뵣ҲЩ񡣳鲣˵Ҫһͦõˣȥô 
鲻һۣҪҪȥ 
ȻһֲĵҪ˾أ 
㶣ңӣʲô¶ˣ 
ҰɳϣǾеۣĿĵؿգԫиܵܣԫϴѧǻܵ±衣ǻһµ¥ݣֲ˶ʮ꣬Ϊ˥ˡ 
ƺһ¡ 
ҲһֱԫҰֱ֣ǰҲ֪ǡͷ΢΢е£鲡ǻҰ֡ 
򴽣û˵ʲôһֻḲҵͷӡ 
˫ϥͷû¶һء 
鲣㲻֪ҶҪûԣ׼ҾͲ˰שȥʵһֱѣҾ뵱֪ôңôġ룬ƾʲôܰ˯ʮأƾʲôûӦأôܾôˣһ仰û˵ء߶ֻѹв֪֪ش˼ʡĻߣҾµûţҸںݺй 
ӣް°һ¡ 
ûްҡҺݳһ±ӡ 
һֻݺݽ§ڻãްɣûˡ 
 
 
28  
ĩļ¶Ϣ˾˶Уǰ͸˵ĩԼʱҪȥᳵ˾˸ȥ˵ĩҽԺָҪӰ࣬һȥ˾˽ŽɣҲûҶ¶Ҽע壬Ҵææ˵绰 
Դӳ¶Ҹ˾֮ìܾһҹ֮Ǿ÷ǳʱȰұȽҪ̨ǰĻָ򷿵£䣬ʡȴװ޵һ鷳巿δǼǣѾͿش绰˵סˡ 
Ҵݴ±ĳȴֻ֤һûôĽ̿飬ҾݣһƤ¡Ǽ鲻ûסСԾտյģһȥѰ˼ʲôʱ±װˣһҼذҹ˾ǵҵȫ̴ӹеζ 
ûпԼȴûͳˡҴ¹ûɫ·ֻԵ˼ɫ״ϡķе˫ֲ嶵һһ󣬵ȵӲӵ̫߸ʱԥԥ⣬һȱǹݣ鷳 
 
񼫼򵥣ȥֻ֪֮ӼҵļסԶʮ꣬ͬѼûУǰļλҲȫǳڣʲôˣʽ壬ֻԫӼҶڲٳ֡ȥʱӼҶһߵ˵ֻԫһˣұϴźɴеţվǰ֪ʲô 
˫ֲ嶵ȥмĺڰգòͣʮʱ򣬸ҵһμʱûб仯 
ʬм䣬δͽ¯¹ѾҼǳڱܵû߹ȥԶԶؿԫִ͸ײϡ 
ԫһ̧ͷͿңеȣǣˣ 
ҹӣã 
ԫЦһ£뿴ɣ 
ҵһۣû˵׾ջͷˡ 
ԫ׷Ұ趼Ǳߣȥǰɡ 
һͷˣҾͻģûҵ¶ˡ 
ԼŤԫǯסңгĿɸû𡣡 
Ҹɵֻˡ˦һǴ˾ˡ 
һĥĥ˵绰 
Ķ˾˺ܲˬ 
ǹݡڨڨʱԫһۣ˵绰ͷ˭ 
ȥˣ˾еŭ㣬㡭 
ҵ¶Ҳһˬµ绰ߡ 
˾ǱӣģӣбԸոˣҪĶҶܲţ 
֪ģ¶бҪôϸôҳס˸Ժ𣬸ձĳһϵĵ绰ͱˣһ㶣ԫҵֻüͷ 
ңʲôɧ͸˵ԫȵ˿ڡ 
ֻҡҲˬȥ 
ԫһۣתȥ绰Ͳﴫ˾˵̶ͦﰵ˵Ϊ±ίôô˼ 
һľ𳶵һϡԫŭգңǺһǺ 
֪ͣͣ˾Ǳ˵ʲô 
ѾˣҰдô˼Ѫײô˵ƾʲôǵɣԫɰθˣ˾˼Ǳߵͺ˫ʽ״̬ 
ǵҸ㣬룡ԫҧгݵغһ䡣 
߶˾ 
ðǺңֻܼǺһӺˡԫݺݵ˦һ仰ˡ 
Ҵԭأĥ⻰ﵽЩʲô˼ԫհֻص̧һ裡 
תһԫ趼վſڿҡ̧̧̼첲ҵַ֣ˣ˫°ڵĵطţСЦݣģǡˣ 
šҲڵŤŤӣҾŷŻߡ 
ôһ˵˵žȻˣ㲻Էô 
ˣҽԺֵࡣ˸ѣֿԫˡֵʲôڰ 
̧ͷң㶣Ŷ 
ټûٻͷһۣ߿ˡ 
 
ٻص԰ʱѾ磬ڼ˾ûٴ绰ҡ·һվǾ÷ꣻڼӰ࣬ûȥɧһȦһ̾˿ͷ˾˴绰ȥᳵ 
˾˴Լ֪£ʱһװɵҲȥᣬһ·ϸϹЩݷ飬ƿн4Sꡣ 
Ҹ˾˳Ƥ˰춨.8 TSI˾չѡ˸ұȽϲɫȥʱѾܵʱյȥᳵԵһл˳幺ֱ· 
³ȻҪ˷ܣڸʻ϶޲ھԼġس̵ʱ򲽲Ҫ³˾ûޣһ㬵ؿԼС³լ 
չļһլӳԷĹ̶ʱ䡣ҿլ⹫Ŷһιһҵ³˾˻û 
һ춼ڣš 
ûУ˵ġſʱ䣬Ҳæ׼ţ 
Ҹſ˿ʱ䣬˾һٺﻹе𣬲ֻ˾˴˸绰ȴû˽ӡ 
Ҹ绰ڼ˯˳˯ͷˡ˾ڽͣϺѴͨ齫šûֻҲ 
⺢ӣ治񻰡Ųһ䣬ϺСȥҪǻ˯ֱӰ˽й 
ڰȥԿס 
ߵӿ˾˶һ䡣 
֪ˡһŤԿ׷˳ 
լ԰ʮӳ̣һ·϶¶ػǿ˶ʮӡҵ԰¥ʱָ˾˴˸绰Ȼû˽ӣҴ¥Կ׿š 
û˵˾һ˯ȥˡ 
žવƿţδعӭͷԶ 
һ飬ԶȻһţֻų°Ƕ̿㣬ŴЬվڲԱߵˮһմӴļơ 
ģġԶԭرŵˮơ 
أҳ 
ڡ˯Զѱӷˣɫе԰ס 
ûЬ˲ϻͳ˾˵ķ䡣˯Ҿסһ͵ƿһů˹˾˹ӳǰ 
ؾˣһصңϾͷӦʲô£ǣ 
ץűǵֹֻסʹҾԼƽѹɤŶô¶ 
 
 
29  
ҸլǱߴ˸绰˵ί¶˾˼ӰȥˣұҽԺмҲûջȥԷ 
߶߶رԹ˵Щӣע尡ע塣 
˵֪ˣͲõģ˾Ǻء 
˾ڶ治ˬصһۣҴĿ⣬߶͹˵绰 
Զ˿Ϸ죻Ҹ˾˵עĿкһСص˱ˡ 
˾˺Ҵ˯£ĲɵҶɳϣڨڨȥ̣еƹˤζ 
ﲻңڨڨȥ 
¶бҪ˵ôɨһۡ 
ͻɹ㻹ǵҲ±ʱ͵һ¥ûҾͿ˼ҲӣûèŹˡ 
˾˱Ҿǰ·Ϲ˵ɡ 
ã·ǸˮƽҲ㲻ˡǱŲŲˣ 
üͷһšҸûô¶ 
ûô¶ðϴҺһ֪ʲôƲ硣 
˵䡣˾˰રવƨɣҸԶһΡ 
Ұһۣ׽˲˵һΡ 
ø˵˾˻صһۣܺԼ˵ɫ㣬Ͼһ㲻ţҳʲô¶ûϵ㣬Ҫûʮ֮ǰǵðѻҽˡ 
Щë˫ر׼ƾʲôҾҪ飿 
Ϊá 
ΪҺãô᣿üͷҷرû˼ŸȻƤ棬ʲôʹ඼ñеͬǰɣб¾ԸȥҸŮ˽飬ô˭أ 
˾˴ҵ֮ʱص˹ 
ȴûõ˼ôﲻһŻñ˼ҼǺ˼һӡ 
˾һ𣺡ǶϹ˵ʲôأ 
һ˵ʲôԼͷ֪ 
ҸǶ˾΢е֪鲵¶Ҷˣ¶ 
ã㲻˵ҵ治ˣҸΪҿҳװѻˣʲô̬Լ¶ҷȥԭҾȥԼ˶ϣҵĹϵѾߵݶϣ˶û⹫ɿһΪҲ֪ΪʲôӼұŤأΪͨ绰أҿԫñף 
˾˲˼ңüее㯵ģ 
Ҿͷˣ˵ôͼԶأһΣʲô̼˾һΣ 
һ仰û˵꣬Ͼ͵һʹ˾һȭɹҿǻһ󵭵Ѫζ 
֪Լ˵еûأȡ 
ĬŶ˰Σңˣô 
մմѪĭӣ˵أ 
˾˴Ӳ輸ϳ˲ͽֽһָһָزϵѪ 
㲻أ³һ䡣 
 
ɥ´ü򵥣ԫǰ±˲һھҪߣмûµظҷţ˵ÿ˳ԸҶûϻػԫͦŹ˵㲻ҵҲÿФƽӣСεأԷͣȥ֪㲻첻 
˵ܰɣϴ绰±ң׵øӴࡣ 
ԫ˵أˣ˭㲻кˣĴ̻½ڣŻ첻ϣͷȻƽ⡣ 
ҲֻʧЦһһԫڶҡҶָŹȥ˵аɣͷ۶ǱҽԺ˰ֱӹ롣 
пϢǳŰվ̨Ŀ϶ЩЬ˵԰·ڰ¶·֮ǰ͸õģһΪæһҲΪҸ˾˵ĲϿ鲾һֱǼСίšɰǰǰ߶˲һ£ȴܲԼʰʱҼ˳ָʲôģȴǱ˵·Ҵݵ±ؾôôأ趼Ұʲô 
ҵһȦĶȷʵ٣˼ϴ飬ʱ򿴵ۡұߴѰ˼ŻͷȰ˼ңһ鲺úöü·ȥ˼Ȣϱðϼأһ߸ӵܺ鲩ʿԶܹҲ̫ˡ 
ұ֣СϼӣʹмƮƬʶȥһתͿһɵޱȵЦ 
΢һ£ϳ߰ǰƬƺ軹ڵʱҺԫһȥɽʱյģʱûͷžͷɵ֡ƬӦԫҲעʱ͵ĵģʱļֻأƬԶķ羰еֻʣ˶һԴռĶ֮һҼǵͬӦҼҲһݣȴûаϴ 
ᷴתƬ滹Ǧģ˸ҵֻ֣еۣǵµġ 
Ҳһ֣սʤƵһ󿺷ܡ 
ֿ˿ļ飬ƬǼһѧġҴ·һ£ͬϵеƬдţ˳ּڲͬҳм䡣ݸһЦҪʱ鵽ĩҳƺһʲôطһʥһĶΪԶе˷ϡ 
ҳһ£ûذѿƬˡ 
һؿҾԶѧ 
뿪ⲢΪҪ㿪Ҹʺ 
ٷգΪѾٰˡ 
Ƭû˺ҿƬҲûʵͳȥ 
ҵֲضһ£ϷɿغҳڰĶʰ 
 
ڵڶϷ˸½ڿҪϵʱͻȻŪ˲˿һѪܣһҵ˸æҡ½̨û˵ֱӰ޾ñˤϡ 
Ϊ̫үôأԼмԵˣ˶ٴˣ跸ִ󣡱ΪǼèõҸǰ԰ڣ츳˵ѧҼöˣɫӻϡ½žһ̹꣬תһ·ſľţüë΢һ¡ 
ôˣ˵㼸仹ˣͱͱңôүǶġ˵ɫ΢һզˣ£ 
ûСڨڨһۡ 
˵ˣҾ˵˵ұһ£㿴УǷĥ˵꣬һ˴̴̵ˡ 
㣬·ϴֻʿЦһۣǿŰ⸱أҿҲֻеԺʱ 
ҳͷԼ¼ȥ·ʱպõ°ʱ䡣ͷҽԺŶȥˡ 
30  
ԫ۶˸С䣬ȥʱſںȲ裻ĩؿȥԴ϶ݺһǡ 
Сӡԫعͷһۣ 
쿴һۣ˵ô 
ûأⲻô˵һߵĲ˵ΰؼۣҪһ 
ĳΰ˵̲סһۡ 
Ҫʲôޡԫһ֣Ҫ໨з໨з 
ãΰ໨зҪÿظˣ˳־ʹӿ㶵˳񫲻֪кƽʱ̻Ϊ񣻵е飬û¶һһգʱҲûΣΪеǲͷ̤ʵǹ˾˵˵ǲǣֱ˵Ǿװơ 
аǾͶҪԫֹظСˡԼλ۾ͻȻôദģʽһֱ̫ԶλĿеλáϡӦðڸģִĵų϶ԫƽʱƢ㲻Ϻãȴ̣Щ˵ĵزǲеֱŵĸоŵϹһֱε 
ţֻˣóһǴ˾ˣؾͰͨʲô¶ 
԰Էؿڡ 
һ£㡭 
ôңҡ 
ôȥǶüͷԫڶͣһۡ 
㻹Ҫһ𡣡˾˺ƽš 
Ҹ˭һʲôϵ˼˵ҡѹ𣬡أ 
ԱءͣͣƺԱ߿һۡ 
ев?ЩˣȲ˵ʲôϵ뵽סǿˣ㵱һ˵ʲô֣ 
Һ侲ڸ̸⡣˾˵ȷʵ侲 
üëһš˭軹侲ȥֱӾվˡ 
ҵˣԫѲСһҡ 
ϹҲҼ׽أ١һ̵٣׾ߡ 
ȻҸһȥԫվѲС˦ 
 
һص԰ƿŵһǺǾʣֻ鲸˾˲ڿĳɳϣм˵λãӺܴؿŶڷ 
ˣ˾˵ɨһۣһɫͱˣԫ 
ЬҲû˳ְɳһӾȥ鲣Ҵûжô 
һңûУҸ˵¶ 
ҿ˾ˣ˵İɣҸ㣬Ҽң˭ס˭ס 
˾û磬۾һֱԫôˣ 
ҸԼһԷ˵߾һˡԫվŴ˾ˣǸʲôأ 
Ǽ˽¶˾˲䲻ȵؿԫһۣҪǼԺã֪Сһһհס 
ԫһü㹻ûУ 
Ҳ㹻ûС˾ɫһת˹ǣ˵¶ 
ңҿߵһģʲôұԫߵ˾ǰ˵˵¶ô˼ô 
ⲻ¶˾еˣΪһҾǲǼҵСߵô࣬ƾʲôָֻţ㻹˵ǵĴ󲮣ԫҸֻң 
ԼҪ飬Ըڹԫ΢ûôֲ꣬Сѧ̸ôԼķֱҪӲܵĻԼ 
ûа˾˱Ŀͬԫֱӣ֪֪ͬ¶Ĳˡûģ˵ͣһ£΢˳˳˵˽°˭ø˭ãýᣬ¶ûڻûǸزҪأȵøͷһ 
ԫĬһ£⻹Ǻûʲô顣 
˭˵Ҫˣ˾Цһ֮ãʾԼ̺ͲظһëǮ¶ 
ԫɷһЦԼû¶ƾʲôҪ 
˾ԫֻڽһµıʲôҲû˵ֻǵŶԷɫѾѿ 
úöĥĥ㵱Ϊʲô飬ֻЩ߰¶ѹСԫû˵ʲô 
˾ԹؿһۣûǴĻҲһֱû顣 
ԫҪҸ㲻һ 
赽ĶҲһ˾ָԫıҿĶһ 
ԫ࣬ҸڶʮԺȢޱޱأȥȢ˭ 
ҸǰޱޱޱޱǱٵģ˾һӾվˣһִֻסԫ죬ǡ 
Ҽ˵Ťÿ£Ҫæվ˼קס˾ˣ֣ 
ң˾˷Ȼ˦ۣһֻȻſԫ 
Ҳǣԫ׺ݣҰޱޱ 
Ҳɵ 
㲻Ͳ˾˱̧֣ԫȥָӦ˾Ѿԫһ¡ʶذѴ˾󳶣ȴݺݵ˦һ£ȥҪԫƳˮ𣬺ġһ֪˭Ŧ۱ĵ˵ϡ 
Ҵ˸ģ鲽ӡҸԿһۣɿȥһ˰סһŴ˾קϲͣ 
У˾˱ұߺ 
УңϲĻޱޱԫڰ鲵ǯ¿غ 
þȫѴ˾ɳϣԫǱߴͣ±˲֪ǵǵ¶ǰɣ 
 
                   
31 
ԫ뿪±ŵ꣬˾Ҫȥһ߼ʵˮЩ 
ðװͬһҹ࣬ЩʹؿųȥԫºʱԫɡУң¾;ϲȻһӵӣҡ 
Ժ±û¶ҲҰɣڼʣҲġԫϳҿڵϲ㡣 
һͷͿԫϵ࣬ʱû˵£һۣջĿ⡣ 
ԫڨЦһ£̧𼸸ָ촽˵̫ء 
ץŷƽǰҿҲͦ 
ԫַ΢С˵Ҳҡ 
Цһ£û·ʱͣ³ο˰죬ھ㡭 
¶ԫεذԴһߵĴ 
ϸ˵ŹءбһۣûǸģƵģҶȥ 
֪ʲôԫѵֵذԴķתת 
ֳ֮ĬһԫͷתЩǶȻǻ治һҪǷڽ죬ҵˣҲһôꡣ 
ҲЦһ£˵ҪǷŵ죬û׼Ҵ裿 
Ҳ˼ԫеŭصһۣʲô˼άͣһ£ͻȻͷңǣϲ衣 
Ҳͣһ£²⣺СĵҸ㣬ĸСƨƽ¶˵ϲԼ衣˵ǼҾҴ˾˳ҪϲպϴպϸҲ 
;ᡣԫ̾һ 
Цһ£ʹˡ 
˻һȥٵʱԫͷƺеȰỺذӣÿ±һˣúöչ˺ԼǺ˲ôҲףõͣһ£ô˵¶ǲô޳ɡ 
ЦЦģҪǽ˻鲵һ 
ҲҲǣҵˡ 
ҵͷתͷͻȻһ£ԫȻ 
ʲô¶ͷҡ 
Ҵ˾ô룿ҹ˹ӻ˳ 
ûô룬һ쵽ϹЩʲôءһתת˻Ҳǿˣͦ治ʺϣ¶˵ 
Ŷ 
¶˵ԫ룬һ䡣 
֪߰ɡ 
ӻ֣˰š 
ĿıӰԶȥͨʱͳֻ˾˴绰˼û˽ӣҪҵ绰ʱȴֱˡ 
ιأҿʵ 
Сİɣӵ绰ֻͷԶ 
üëһֻô 
̨ϽأֻԶѹɤŶͦòظҽͣʲô¶Ұ˵ 
ûûʲô¶еͣʲôæˡ 
ûе¡ЦЦټˡ 
ڶԷûǰݺߡ 
 
֮ǰһظðյղϣޱڴϣҲءҽԺڿ˵ҪԭˮĲ٣ĩһ죬̽˾ûϹտʼ鲻ҪŰ۶˽ܣ˵ǼҷԼҲûڴҽԺĻʿСŶӲιң˭˭ 
ĩʱ򲽲ܵҼ棬һ߽һ˵ҼϴһأСӻʱҡ 
˻ϴҾ˵Ǽҵ˲ˣⲻš 
һȻһСɶĿ࿴Ӵͦ£˭ģ 
߽ߴӦ󲮡 
һ㶣˾ˣ 
ţϻլҰʾ˰ţһ˵߯ 
ƣҲûŲ˳ҼС֪Ū裬ҲŰæϴƬҲҶ 
տˮƬӽȥڽң硣 
ʲô¶ҲڴӦ 
ͬɣǸ˭ŤͷңҲɱһ˭˵ģϹ°Ҹ㡣 
Ūңһ֪һۣҾ;󲮶ǣûʣ͸㡣 
ʲôҵһۣҲûش 
һʣҪûʶҲȥתȥæҾ˵ҪͬҲûʲôã¶ؿÿѧУҲУһǶĸǶǣƽʱһҲûôҪǣһż 
ҲһЦֹȥͷ⺢Сġ 
С궼ʮˡͦתͱͱңһҪȥã˵øƵġ 
üŭҲ˼ǰ˵⻰ 
ˣûǻˡһۣûǵջǻһ쵽Ѱ˼Ÿɫ󡣡 
Цһ£û磬Ŵ˾ǸѼӲĵУͷůһ¡ 
ССʱ󲽲Ū˽裬ԸԳضС¥ȥ˰鲡鲵ոˣڴϻе־壻ͦһŴϿεҺ޲ðС¥ȥҸϲŶʱһ˷ܾͱңͦÿҪͬҲϲ 
˭ҪǡЦһŰ⺢߳š 
 
鲳׺ʱ±Ѿ˳ģҸ±࣬˼һҪáÿĩпյʱͻһϽɨСذ䡣 
Ǹĳһرеˣ뿿һǮһҪѹʿң˾ֱCDֲ⣬˵ֻ˼޹ϲϽʿҿЦã˵У㶼㣬ÿ°ѹʿңҵסҵģȻÿ¸㷢Ǯв˵УֻҪ㲻˿ҡÿ¶Ѱ鲹ʿǮȡǮٽû¶ͿŴͷǮͦģѾӴ˵ִ˶ٶ˽Ǯˣ۸ңҾҳҲûԼұ˵аУۼϱܸɣ˽ǮҲô͡鲱һߺߣ˵ǵȻҲ˭ 
Ҹ˾˵Ĺϵһֱ䲻ȣʱǸ˸Զ롣ʱ˾߻˸Сӣҿе˳ۣԶأ˾˵һۣ˵С˰뼶Ŀ쵱 
ƲƲ죬վû˵ʲô 
Զ˹ûãҸްԺԺȻ֮Ҫԭǹб仯±ҽϵͳҸް˽Լ˼齫һȥشĬ˸飻ٵʱʽްгֹɣռݶ󣬲˾˵Ļ˵շշҶû㼱ʲô 
һع¾̬ȣȴ˷աֱôһ죬±Ʈ˶ëѩϲŽƤ°ҪһСꣻؼҺֻ鲳ɳϷ㶡 
ô㣿ҹȥԴ 
ݴ绰ҵλˣ΢΢̧ͷһؼҹꡣ 
 
                   
32  
Щģĵһ¶ 
˵᲻Ұֳʲô¶Щصתͷ 
˵ʲôأġ 
ûУ¶򴽣ҴܳôãҰһûУػҴĵ绰ҾһҰֳʲô¶ҡ 
ȥͷûôӣǲ˼㿪ڡ 
һۣ֪Ұֲ˼ 
ֵ¶ôҲ˵ֹ¶ûֵ˼͵͵ȥͷ⣬˿һˣͷŹءҰԴҼϣ˵ӹֱȥܳʲô¶ 
鲱Ҷһ֣ЩĵҼͷ˲䡣 
£϶ѾˡҿҸһȥְҾŶȥס 
ʲôأ˭ϡᡣмغһϴżϲ 
 
ҸլǱҪݣ⹫һԸ⡣û磬ȷʵҲеҪȥһҪݼ裬ްҪʣǱ߾вٲҪ֡¶⹫ͷǸᣬһͲˣȦЩ죬˵ǵȥտСʱϲտ 
˾ƺǿ˵üĿһ˵Ҳû˵ʲôһŻؼҵʱȻ䣬˵ҪôѾܲ㣬⹫֮ٸҳʲôӡ 
һ£ֹϵڱͼù⡣ 
Ȼһ£Ц˵汯ۡ 
һۣ˻⣬˵пȥϺΣ̾ʲôĹȥ˼ǰҲûչ㡣 
˵С 
±ǰһԹ극Ű鲸Ϸɻݡ˷ɻҸ鲷ͷߣҰϳ⳵΢˼䣬ԾԼ˵ȫǷϻңˣø񾭲ƵģԸĵԼ˽⡣ 
ҵͷų֣˼ִ˵㶼ʮˣ˼ҴҲۡ 
֪һۡ 
Ҳۡ߶ӽ˭Ҹ˭ƴ 
һЦرĿҳ˾ע⣬ɿֱһ£һۣ鿪óˡ 
ҴĻԼļңȴĻҳһжûʲôı䡣վϷмһվǾݵĳеۣ绰ܹ˾˱Աɨ䣬ԼץԿ¥ 
ҺܳһʱĵһδԼ¥ߣͻȻҲһֻݵĴϰԵس˵Ԫžߣһ־Υ˷ܸСԿ״˱õֶ֣ŤȼʶؾͳԺķȥ 
һʱвûʲô̫ı仯Ժſ̯ϰĴƹƺûȥϤķ羰ȴ֪ΪʲôһĵĸдҽԺʱﲿ˳ɣֵСҽʦұʱѧܣһûӦҽһֵģ 
ҿЦãţҡ 
Ŷְͷȥдҽոռиظ͵һȥ 
סЦӦתһķߣûݾһĻʿʮָץۣСģôˣ 
ЦЦŻʿһꡣ 
־ϲѽѽ˵㣬˵㡭ǣ˵һߣ˵һͻЩˣʹץסңߣҴȥФҽ 
Ҹһ·СܣФʦðɣ 
㣬ǻѹˣʿһۣͦãФҽҪˣóϲơ 
飿Ҳһ֣ڰԸŪȥˣ 
㣬ʲôЦӯӯһۣҽ칫ңȥȥȥʦͷл 
Ҳ˸ģվ˿ǰֻФƽϱдҽƣ˫ĿԲɿҡ 
ФҽҰ˭ʿҹЦ 
Фƽֻ۾ԲԲֱңϲһ顣 
ФƽҲڵȥ 
ģǣڻվһֳһָұǼ⣬㣬㡭̶ίһü˼ӣ㣬ð㡭 
ʱʱǡҲ֪Ϊʲôеİˣͷֱָˡ 
ˣФƽȦһ죬ȴǺݺݵһۣŶ㻹˼ 
ⲻ·ɻˣȥ򣬺ٺֱ֣Ҿ͵ɽ궩밲вУһͷһʿһ֣һȫˣ 
СԶĻĶһݾͣʿţФƽҪɹٵˣٷô˵Ҳ룡 
ЦǺǰФƽһô¶Ҹջ˵˼ҰԼ޳ȥˣ 
ФƽʱӸոίüЦ˭Ϲ˵黹أһ¶ˡ 
ǲҲˣ¶˭ 
˭Фƽе˼ 
˭һֺš 
ȥʱסԺФƽЦǺǵأǱ߶޹һͷ˿ǻʿ˱Ƕ͵֣ɽˣǣвУ 
شԭأ͸˭ͷŸҽһˮ 
ٷϻϽȥʿЦذæϵͲ 
 
ʱǳˡŮԼǸ޶ѻǡ 
һһȺСʿΧߴߴİԣФҽʷֻҡ׿ʿǿ컨׹·̸Ҵ֪ȥִصݣʱһֱڣһСѧﵱӢʦ 
ҲƭǣФƽöһﻤʿţ׷ңǣ 
֤ʿСȥǿסԺǻͿ˼ˣ޲һȥ˻طΪǿ 
Ϲ˵ФƽϣһǣԼ˵ 
һ겻ɣ촽͵֣ˣҸﳳҪš 
Фƽһ⣬˵ǻҿҡ 
ƨǻԸʿŰ۶һ֪㣿СסԺ㻹˼Ҳţӳ˼סԺʱš 
¶֪СԺФҽεԱһʿŰǻ 
Ҳ˵Фƽ¡ 
С˵ФƽǻǲǸ鹷ƤҩƵճ㣿ʿչȥԡ 
ûСЩ˼бФƽһۣʵҲ˲ 
Фƽ񣺡ǿǿ 
˭㣡ʿ커ʿǷһ˭׷˭Ļ⵽˸һ䣬һȫҽԱźȾƳԲˡ 
ФƽԱߣм˸һƬ֪ǼҸһԣȻֹסȥλصŮӣʲôƯ 
ФƽȵеˣƹѲʱʼϸ½ֲ֮ԣЦһҽɡɢ֮վſͿˣһĿ⡣ 
СģеҪ˵һ¡ɫ˼ģסҡ 
 
                   
33  
Фƽ΢еԺֽظһϳϢɽС跻˰һ¡ 
Դ¶΢΢Цһ£ڰ﷭СŷƵǰСڹʱװѹǮĺ 
ҳһ£ŷ⣬ܱƺֻװһֽ 
ֻűһֱϵ㡣ǿң֪Ҫݣ˵ҪͰ㡣 
üͷһ£ͻȻǸŷһֿ־С˺ܾòŰַŷϣݺ˺ֻƮһͨżֽ 
Ұֽչ˫ָƽ촽Լٶ⶯Ž˳ 
ӣǼǲˡ 
ңһǵøҴ绰 
39*****283 
Դ档 
ôһ˲ҾұǷˡ 
ţԴʲôˣ˫۶ֽԾǡ 
ʲôˡǾ˵֮ǰǸʶߵļҳײ֪ôˡ 
ףұִӰ˵ԳһЩ 
иϵӪŵġ촽ǰʶһޣǼûͬ⣬ʹҼԴҸԴһʱ䣬˫ϲ߼ﶼ顣˵΢ͣһ£Ŀ⣬ȥ괺ǰ޵ǸԼˣǻѹ͸˵ͨҪԴ顣 
΢Ȼһ¡ 
ҾʱҿܰƵЩѰ죬͸˵н顣ҰǶȥţûȥ˻ֱӷˡ 
ԴˣҲɵһ¡ 
ûС˵ǲЦһ£Ҹ˵˲飬ΪƭԼ*绰żٵĽ֤ 
Ҳɸһ£¶ͦԴķ 
Ҽǿ԰ģʦҵͰҰ£Ҳûѹʱ򵥴ɢģԴĶҾ͸Ķ˭֪һݾͱײˣʶФƽЦЦҲøɡ 
һ񾲵ģ˵ʲôФƽ˲̤̤ʵʵӡ 
֪ǵͷǰǲ¡ҪԴҲᱻżٽ顣 
ҸЦЦףԸҸȴǰѻ䣺Դôˣ 
ϵЦһ£һֱô֪顣ȥݻʱ侯ȫ̻ͣıŵˣ˵֪ǼԵסתҵ֮ڼԺȥԺֻ˹˰֡ 
ʶϵһۡ 
Ҳ֪֮ʲôᡭȰңôľ֪ʲô¶ءҿһҲܣпջǸϵϵɡ 
 
صʱҵķѾɨһȾɳһǷоԴţ˵Ǹʲôζ 
Ǽǲˡ 
Ҷһַ㶣ҾеؿԴ漫ŬտҲ 
Ҳ֪˶õĴȻֻ졣æҵȥӵ绰ͲǱߴ鲵 
һڼأʵŵ˼İУ˾ƺ綼ů 
һڼңȻ˭Цһ£ؼˣô 
˯鲷޷޸˵Ҹ˵λһ仰ңϾһֱ˵ 
Ŷ趼˵ʲôЦ 
ʲô±ôġҿҰֲһֱûɫôȫʵ˵˵Ҹסһأ㻹°ࡣ鲺ٺֱ֣ûҰǱ飬һһ۵ҡ 
̫𣬡ұЦ˵ֿؼѾˣô֣ͷְָѪѹ 
֪šһ£֪Ҫһ㶼ֱӲټһĶôġ̾˿ҹҲ֪һҲˡ 
һãһ˵ʻԸˣţ໹Ƕֹʲôأ 
ţءݺݵһ䡣 
ҸЦһЦ̣֪λؼûίҲŰ˲١ұ˵˵Դ¶˰쿪ʼûпڡҲǣ¶緢ƸΣҵİˣܹȥνڵ͸ñҺǻûûεؿ֣͹ˡ 
ҵԡȥϴ˰ԴѸԴ绰ʱ˾˵ĵ绰ֲһ߰עȥξֳұ¶ŪһķңԺȻСǸҵҹ˿޲ơС̨ϴҹ磬һһ־ƣسҹʱڸԼһǱʰϴ˯ 
 
ڶʮ鲼ھԺﾡТҰմ˾˵ָʾ̾Ϻξֳȥꡣ 
ξֳ˳֯Ĳ٣һ绹мΧһȦ齫Ҹ鷿˼䣬˵ȫǳ滰ʮͶٱʱչǷŲǸĽᣬؿһۣξֳһʣ¶ 
ξֳȻؿһۣʹһ죿 
ڨЦҾʣҪǲ㽲 
ЦЦǲ㣬ץ̻ǿԽһµġ鷿ϰϣⰸӿʡר飬һľϵͳͳԲ侯ǱרŵڶԴǾӵж˵ԴԺ汻ֱϳˣһ·ٵСȥץעңмһֱѰʵʱƽ㣬ҵһŵӪʡʵӦԴǰͶ֣ǻûϣʧȥ˻׽ĻᣬֻѡΧȻС 
һ£Դһ˰ȥС᣿ 
ξֳһͷû 
Ǿߣ 
Ҳ˵òҪ֪ξֳһۣľѾϸˡ 
Ҳɳϳ˼п˳ҵθ»ξֳЩԴˣ¶Ҳǹȥˣȥ룬˵ǰ 
 
ҴЩ߳ξֳļңչɢյҰѳúӱϣӵʮСΧһһƿǶЦݷͯɵϲҳͺˮҸԴһҲܶβŶӵϣѧѧ̣ţɹ̫ 
Ұѳһ룬΢ĺӷ̣Ұڲ֪нģҶźӵǼഺٵļӰִӿڴżֽֽıԵѾЩҷɿس󼸿ֻ̣ԴµֻŲ˳ȥ 
 
                   
34  
Ҵɽȥݼ裬µļͷܣҪҪ䵱Ĳ͹ɷݣȨίͳͳǩãֻȷ괺ٳʡ˫ֱŲ豭ڵǰҴʦͻȻ˸ô꣬һֱҵұۣºе᲻ãҰ뿪ЦظЦҪһᵽ±ȥ㵱ްϯ񡣡 
Цſһۣôܣмҵģ˵Ҳܿһӡ 
ҶڵˮǰûãֱϵĶҪһһȥˣ֪ҪˣôһϾͷġ 
һؿңǶԶԳеεһֿ־壬͵ġҲû뵽ȥӪҽԺ 
㣬ҹ˾вǵŪʲô¶̹ҺǺһ֣ҿ˹ɣҾͰѸԺүͳͳڵްȥԫͲ˵ˣģФƽɫŬһ£ѧҵʱ϶ˣҾ͸ṩһȵĻᡭ 
ãڰɡ֮Աǣݸ±ŶԶģ˵÷Ѷ󾢶ҽԺֲˣһӵġ 
˻ŵĶǲİЦ̾˿ܱϴǮá 
Цһ£֪⻰еҵۣûٶ˵ʲôҳظһʦɵ㶿ڣԴʧô 
ϵĶͣµʵûҪƭ㡣 
Ҫǰ˵ʲôҶšǵڣһ뵽ʲôˣҡһüͷҸ㣬ġ㲻֪׿ǰ׿ڸ˵ϲһôܡұͷеᣬоʵ͹һǰ档Դڵ绰ţһЩ·ڱϵĹ¡һСǴСȫ˵ˣȴԴϲ¶ 
û˻ԴҾһɲƽµµΪ˷ֲ١һˣʮʵ 
ҪǲҲ绰һۡ 
Ը˵ʵʲôûڨڨüԸ˵þΧСᣬҡЩѹץץԼͷҪʲôǵãԿǹ˹һԴҾǲӣҾǲڵ绰ҳʲô˰ֵ¶˵пȥأ˭ȥ죬һˣһʲôɾˡһ  ܡ 
 
壬רŻ˰ʱ俪һϽؽļȥ뿴лͣٵ̽ȴ֪ͨ˵˲ڨڨڼſһҪʱһס˵ͨ绰Ҹлŵ绰ʺһ˭ûᵽǮׯ˲¶˫ΡлеƺЦжẕֿ̇˵ڵļǶѪѹȥˣ͵ϡҸһվǾûζڨڨ˱ǰ΢ͣһ£дŵصЦ˵Сģ˵һ䣬˵ṳ̂ʵ 
ͻȻȫһ£˵֪ˣȻֻʵع˵绰 
 
ԫ±׼ϰࣻұŰ鲸Լ˶ٷһЩ޹ʹĻ⡣һʱ䲻ԫ̧ͷ̲٣ҽѧԺҲѾΪڣزޡ 
˵¶󵱽Ҳٵһꡣü棬±ѾԼӪҽԺˡ 
˵̬ȣԫ̧ͷһۡ 
㰮Ұһۣ±û˹ܣָһȥչˡ 
һֻҵգСʱ߯ɰ 
Ҳͷ֣ߺ󣺡ҪǴΡ 
ԫǺһЦ˻ȥҡ 
ǶɵЦһü͹ˣϸҿϵӡ 
ԫһЦͷ⡣Ҷһ䲻ڣʲô±ԶҸ㡣 
ԫ͵һ̧ͷɫŵ죺ô㡭 
õõã̧̧°ͣҾ͸ѣҪȱҰ͸㣬ٴϱ⡣ 
ԫЦãĶҡ˵ҲҪҡ 
˭˭ǼҰƲİеֻضЦЦҸ㣬˼ҵ껹дŶϽƬأǾ̫û˼ͳȥһء 
ԫЦõؿһۣУܺԼˡ 
 
ߣ鲹ܳңվڴſߴߴ˰죬ԱߵСȥˣǡ 
Ҵȥͽȥ鲻ͷһЦק¹ս˾Ժ˴ԺȻûߣԺëϯߴߴ 
˵Ұֲ̡üһ̳Ҵ˵һͷ˵ʲô 
ⲻôҲʲôüҲͽʫٰô 
룺Ҫ˵Ҫ 
Ҫߣãʫȥ 
סңǼֲͼ㶫һžװɵҰͻСҰǿ϶ɫģͷˡ 
ʲôë̬һ߷۶һ߸¥ߡ 
С㣡鲻ͷһ£ˣָĶҰֵľ 
͵˽ԺſڵڸһۣԹԱ죬Ű鲽ȥ 
֮ǰû裬¼߶ܺ档Ů˼ҵĳҵ̬ȲУҲƵнڡǰ׿䣬һŶһڵɳϿֽһŲοϢаСʱҲһۡ 
Էʱ׿棬ֻҪһҼв˾ͷɹһĸ˸ȥҲŪ˹ȥ׿һףʳ޲ʲôҽ̣ 
ڨڨס죬͵͵˰һۣŪ˿鼦ȷŽ׿׿غһĥĥؿмȥˡ 
˷鲸ȥ룬Ҹ׿ΣزɳϿӡ׿ŹĿյߺһ˵±ԼмҽԺ 
ûУҾڰҽԺֹɡСĵؿȥռķݶ࣬ԺǴعɵġ 
׿仺ͷת˹ȥ˵֣Ǻܺá 
ҲЦһ£׿Ȼޱ飬侲ؿŵӡʱ鲸һӳæ˳£ͻȻ͵͵֣ͷһۣһЦ¶ͦԻı顣 
Цô⣬û͸ԭί͵͵ʮָڰ׼ҵĴɵ 
 
ˣ׳סĴСʲѾϣһذҹ˾óƤ±Լֻ˸аųǼԺſڵһȥ 
Ա߾ǽЭ͹㳡ֶѵSHOPPING MALLת˲֪֮Ȼǿ㳡ǰ˳ӿӰа׸Ͳӹһ˿ 
鲴СشԺһϹҡҿ۾еʪ󣬾Ǹոտ޹Դôţ㻹޼һУ 
ſ޼ءһۣ˾İæ°Ž⳵䡣 
Цһ⳵Ż 
ؼҶЭ䡣鲺ȻЩسų󷽿һۡ 
ʲôͷĹ㳡һĵһۣҸ˵Ƥķˮ϶⣬ϰһԵת֡Ҫ䣬±ʮ·ڸ޸С㳡ȥ 
Ϲ˵ɡ鲵һۣһƬס˶꣬Ķķˮ⡣ 
Ҿһۣ뻹û˵ʲôǸоҵ˼һֻḲЦϹʲôأ 
ûأĶôϸ΢ЦŻ֣Ϊأոճ۾øƵģҪ᲻ͷ¡ 
أҸǰ޵ʱȥˣ㻹˼ó˵һ£µһ±ǰɣ 
ĶءһЦ 
⳵˻٣뷱ݳԽԽԶҰѳһ϶ݵӭ˴ϡо˳ɳЦʹ࣬ʧȥҵĸ׺һѣջһˡ΢ҲܽݵļԶҵѪ֮У˥ϲȥ 
ݣټ 
 
~END~ 
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