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1 
   ҰƮϸϸˮΣͦ걳ӰįͷϵNIKE Kobe׺ɫЬƾƬˮϴӡ 
ʪܵﴫ̶ó壬͵3.5GƵֻ֣˼İͨţҡ⡭ 
ͻȻʾǵ٩䡢õЦԼĻּƻЩȫ£ͷһա 
ǷְɡĴ벻Ľۡ 
޷ĿϸеȺСʱεٻӰû뵽ǡõˡǷԡ 
Դʼ˼ͻΪǰŮԼ÷ȥᣬ˳չڼ䣬ȻΪѧҵָأÿǺһһԼᡢ/ӰһСҲΪʲҪء 
Ů˫˵ˮһ꣬ɤ롭Ĳʺϡ 
Ϊʲ᣿Ĩʺϡ塣 
ŮϼƬƿԣƬǰջϵĻֻ䣬ҵȵ˼ͬǿƬֺͼλŮϴȥˣľûֻ˶ֶΰˣعŮˣɵ㶵Ĵԭء 
賓 
ĽлһСʱǰĻأƲȥ 
ΪʲᣬЭصΪĻ㲻иͷ𣿡 
Ҫҷ֡ 
GҲϢ𾪣ᣬһ˶Բ£ãȻ⡭ 
ͦε΢˫ȭⷬһɨղŵʯ˫ɱ⣬Դĸ㿡ձ࣬ҧҪǣҷ֣ЩƬܵϣߣڹȥ㣡˳˶ҽι 
껰δ˵꣬ѽ绰ϣŭȼ֪ƾһ֮ʣŮ϶ţʪ͸ɱⷶۼĵݣƱʼٸ߰ͣŮġ 
۵ͷ¶֮ʱĺѣҲǸղźͨҶðãŵĹϵ绰ĩƵĲҰҵ֪ͨһƱѸϽڵ֪Ϣᣬ¶һĨεЦݣʱ¡ĸ׷СѲȵȻԣƴϾۻᣬٵ벻һɢһ԰£뱻ס 
ȫվס 
ʮҳŵһ䣬ֹ²˳תˡ 
һߣͨͨȥԱá 
׳ϵ˵صоᣬָӺ¾Ҫ춳еʲᡣ 
ŮˡʮУðһι˱ǻƺһ¶顣 
κҶðýͰ͵¶̿֡ 
˵ǶѣҶðûǺǰҲǺǵֻⷶСè˳شԭأʦ 
ǰЭָκչǰǲھʮᣬ˵Ļᡣ 
Ƽʱ͸񶷻ʢУȫʮǰŷһ¸ᣬȫӺΪ֮񣬺οΪԴйˡ 
ÿٰĸ߶£һЩ׿߿ƼϷС 
һ˫ʯӣ߰εɢǿ֮˵Ŀǹ𲻾Цݣ͵ȴԴǴ֮ƽ׽ˡ 
СͷиΪľ̴磬ʱץ֣иɱ˲գ۵ĺڵ磬ʹʶĺڰ棬ټϵξֳϰ֣УһУжαҵͯ꣬ȴҲһǺ֣ڱ³ɳԷģֻҪҪЩˡ 
ڹʮգڶǰܹھΪĻͷһΪɹ۵ĽԭΪ翪ʼ춿ʵֶ룬İ÷СʱƫƫһƱѸ㵽飬ʱŭȼߵ㣬ĵա 
䡹һƮϸͻȻһ磬ֱĽűߡ 
׻˿һżİ·棬һĭʹ½ҲηĶʱһ׻ǰٳߴ 
ǰɡΪֹң 
żһתƵУױ谭ذľġ 
 
ҹһΪҪӣҾдգŵԭ򣬻δҹɫʱȴѾȵԺ˼һĿĵء 
ʹǷҲһ˷ˣµȾһ뵣¦˿谭ߣһʣ³ϢЮŨǱʶԼǸͣ³ӣ϶ȴǼӿţʱһŵɣδ֪Ҫͨ 
ĵ 
ĳνҹü䣬״毺õĽüŤΣ䷳Ӧһ 
ĵϰҪ 
һ̶ĽлƢҹھƾ£ӺԣԼУٸĲë͹ȥԼ 
ġүŤĸĿڣȴµ˵ϰ仰 
ҹûԵĹҵ绰򿪳ƾϸ복ڡ 
Ӣ쪵ҹϸ¸ʮֺfȴǸС/˵ңϼŵСӣ׵Ļ˼伲࣬ټиܸɴ;㣬гϵҹǷú˲ɹΪĶԸ 
ղźͨ˽˱ﾴձһΨһȱǸĲֵĳνҹܸðڣ˻ĵļš 
˵ٶѡؽҡȥڸɧš 
˻ɤѪҺؽĵĽȫڸ߰£ɵ߿ǰˢذڶԶһƬҫ۵ɫ׹ֱ£ҹħƵĳǷǰ˫¶ϲ֮ɫһĨɷЦݡ 
̥շˮգһ߸ߵˮ٣֣ССĵ·ʵڲ׷ٶȣҪճ·֮ʱһ׵¡£ҫ۵ɫǰ£գۼ䣬һŰɫͻȻ߷ΧδܷӦزɷϼẠ̇һתҹľȫѡ 
ղŵİɫ廹Ϊˣ˿̣һĨӰӳ¡ʻνԺЮ̵ľ룬٣ֹͣ亹Դؽҡݷٻһ׻⡣ 
벻еϣҲͨ⣬ӭĸٳٿҲ㲻̾ĵգȱŮ˦ˣƵе³ҡ 
ҹ᲻ǱʶָСϿ쭣ǴȥԺԼҵ³ 
䣬һ죬ܳײҪҲǿĳײóڵҹƴʱ˶Ҳ̱еϣʺѪҺˮjУָ˼䡣 
ҶðһⷶȻıǾϣĽ˭뵽ھᷢ⣬ڽӵϢᣬ˾ۼڼӻ⣬Ⱥ漣 
漣ҹϳ֣ӦˣȴⱣһڣұͽͬһҽԺȡ 
վһǵֵܣװͦһŵҳޱĸմʱ˷ֵǣ侲ȵ˿ǱŭͷһƱɷӵ߮룬ΪһȨߣη壬˿˫ɱѪ ȣ˲ 
ﾴ벻үᷢ£ǹǷҹݳҲͷһΣƫƫͱ¨ӣ߶ֵܣΪ綥ⱣҲһ亹ֱܹͦӣηĺǶ 
գ׵Ŀռ䣬˵ֻĬҴ˫һĻ𱬳档 
ȴڼٽŲ±ƣͷС᷽߮ı٣Ϊ׵ļҳěǣھͷһӣͷһ׼ȷסֻŤĦȭһͷƮ㷢ƮݸŵĵɫСװµċġ 
ȩ֣̌βԭͣ½Ų 
ļþǰʱĬֹ²ɫעʱһƴﾴϡ 
£ȷѣ뵽ıܻܵԲѣͿˡ 
ěڷֲԶϤᣬϽջȭͷﾴʧְȷʵ÷ݸ˿㡣 
ěǣ̳ƻй֮Ե޽Ҳûͻ˿̣ļ˾ܵܣŭʵʡ 
ڿ粽ǰ߮ס嶯ٴ 
ʱŭֻԱ߮뾹ȻҲ侲ľ 
ϢԴĵȺ£ʱȴرÿÿ붼ĥļ尾Ŀ־Խ 
ںصԶſʱɫҽƷӿڵҹļ 
㣬û°ɡǽܵܰмӵļ 
Ŀǰʱȶ״Ǻܺãǹؼڣǻ׼ 
ʲ׼Ъ˹ĽкܻǮҪȻO@䣬ʣš 
˵ģěѹ 
ͷǶദˣڴѪָ5 
ěһ£ҽĻȥǶ࣬ȷĵ˵ܲѣ 
޷ʵǰһףȥěǿһס 
˵ҲҪ̫ۣҲѵĿܣֻҪָҪ½ 
磬ǻҽԺҹ 
ěҧȭСȥϢ 
Ҳ뻻ҽԺΣڣ˵Ѿǹҽ豸ȫҽԺҪתԺҲõ״ȶ˵ 
ҽٴηںŹر֮ǰֳһӣ⿴˫֪߮˭ǰStendhal 
ܲáж¿֣أüͷĿȫϣ߮һȥ;ѹȰ˳߰ɣҿ㡭֪Ҫ˵ʲᡣ 
ֹ߮²֪ͽǶ£оŭ𣺡˵Ц𣿡 
֪Ҳ˵Цġߵһߵ߮βϡ 
뿪עĿᣬ߮뾾½ʲ취ҾȻ 
ҲǵܵܣΪҲ룿ⷶˡΪҽߣĵ߮ҪʵΪ 
߮ɿʲ״ 
ûȡ 
߮ŭ޵ɫ֪ԼҪͷܳ̾ң̶̼СʱҿؼΣΪҲҪ߻Ƚ 
Stendhal߮һֵֹͷߵҵûҷԿ 
ɫһͷ״ĺ㣬ײûһˣָܻǰܽ𣿡 
ҲԼ͸һȥ߮ҧ侲ĻԼȻҲ޷ܣȴĨɱȨ 
Ŀԣת̾ȥ 
ӷصıӰ֪߮˵ּ尾ΨһεˣǾȻΨһϣ 
߮ǽϻصһȭԷģҪʲ̣һҪļҸʹĴۡ 
˥˥ߵ㣬Ϊʲֳ¡ 
ңҵߵ㣬Ϊʲҹ׵⡣ 
ʹۣһҫ۹âʹǲüͷƣſ۾ûУܳ˯żͺʶȴƮԶԶʵԶҶо 
У￴Լ̨ϣһĿյ磬谭Уһ֮ 
˵Ҫҡ 
ȫнУԶ壬ǰʵһƬвǵʶޡ 
3 
Ʈɢʶ֮УκƷԭΪǵһǧһ׵ǾȻкɰҰЩδģʶĵ 
ֱһҫ۹âƮʶͣƴճΣǵâĸӵůֻ˯ȥ 
ڱҺǺıǻᣬ۵˲֪ˮУ巢ΣվѶĶֽţǰϽ뿪ҪĻ 
һֽýݵû̫ʱƳˮ棬ذϣͿȣŻǻڵĺˮ 
Σ̱ںԣεգϢ֮пܻ 
ɣģǳΪʲڻĽҰ⣿Ϊʲں 
ʱ߮ײֶΣ²Ǵ㽫ʬ𼣡 
ߺߣļһΪͿң 
ƲƲ죬Դǵߵĳƺ룬Ҫúֻ֮Լϰ֡ 
ĴӲݵϵĵմϵӲݣŷԼȻˣ⸱ǿ塣 
˴İ˵ķ羰Ӧǹ۹ʤزŶԣȴĨӰɦɦͷֲ巽Ķ 
ɦͷ̾ǸߣصǱΣƾоϷǰ 
ʮ·ȫֶĴ϶£εһڲĻȴĨӰ 
죬⵽ʲط 
̧ͷӣҫǻĻߣǹ⺦ʱУȻܿᶯ˵ľɫС 
̫Ĳʺͷɻ֪ 
գ̫֮ʣߵĲǵӣǴıлݺݺĳУİıѣ˫ۣԴꤵѣθһʹʱ쵽ڻûʳ 
ǷŸ̤ıᵽһɵʳ㣬۾һ˥¶ĵЦƾζǰ 
žϸС֦ӲѣһһӰϹ 
%^&#@*$%ҹ۵ڵӣ־ 
µһţϸһߵҰԼ¥ߵĴ 
ǰɡ 
ҹԼߵĵطˤȻ˯ȵľ鿴ܻǵûؼҵ·Ҫĳ˴ϲŶѽ 
ʹɢȥҹŸվ̲סǬŻŨľζܲˣʱյֳһֲ̽Լ壬ŷϺơ 
ԭǷɵϡ 
ۣ꣬صĳܰȻʵڲ˼飬˼һΣ뵽ԼײˣӦ׶༪٣ԵʱĳٺײܻͲˡ 
ҹ⳥⣬ֻΪԼеҡ 
θһʹȴѰͨߣļСүֻҸ绰ͤﾴ 
Զð֮أҹ˼ĳǷǰ 
ֻǣԽҹԽвԾע⵽ܻ 
оȻƬĲԭµСɽҰСûа͸ޣδѵɽµء 
᲻̫Զˡ 
ʱ̶ͻȻɵϴ󣬾㵺ͻȫٹĴׯ 
ׯ 
ǰߣҹɵס 
̫ˣ̫鹹ϣ 
ϣС/˵еɽҰСҹ˦˦ͷۣǾδѣӿ϶һԼԲˡ 
һʹУȽθǵ֮Сȥ 
ҹһνϣİĻſڽվڴ룬쿴һУеҲ˿ 
УЩ죬¸ӹܣʲʱˣȻ׳˶˿λһתһͷľ󣬾ȻɹǬݣԶዠŮæƥȾڣĳæµȾһͷţ£״毺õüʱһţٿ 
ѽΡ 
ﵽģ 
߶һװæµĴǰʸʣ 
$%@%#*&*%^΢ֵĴ˵෽ԡ 
˵ʲᡭ 
ŬͨʱֻţֻϣΪԼ 
ǰɡ 
սҹ̫ˣֱһģһѵϣ 
֮Ҫһ죬סæµһӡ 
ģ 
ûڣһ˫ӾͿҪĶ 
Xģ̬ 
ҹһ䣬ֱصһȭʱѪֱ 
ǰһЩҹһ̣סһ·ˣģ 
ӵװĺܺãȴĭҹһȭȥ 
ȥģû 
ûԵҹйղŵǰ֮һץνУߴÿһˣʱڰǰʹԻע⵽ֻΪһķΡ 
Ȼϣ򣬵ﵽģ 
ӵɻĿϣΪ 
ﳹͶˣλ˵ʲᣬ˵һûսĿϰߣþ֫Իû취ͨ 
ˣԿˡ 
һתӭҹǱòҹķΣǿҵİĸУһԽɻ 
˴˸ǰʱͬĵģ 
ֻһڣɫͬ￪ĵĵۣĶ˵ʲᡣ 
ҹüʵģ 
ǰʵ̫İɦͷһЦ 
4 
ҹǰ״ˡ 
ۼҹЩ죬ϸļã罫ﵱĳҹСӣѹû뵽ǱԼײĵ鹹 
ԲͨĴһ֣ﵹ֪ĸж罫Ǹʬ𼣵֮ᣬ̫ⷢ죬Ҳֻ˼ǳƺ룬ʻģףߵòͻȥɨһ۵ĻᶼûУҺˣûߡ 
˼վԭأϵעĿʱԱѶһȦΧߡ 
O@Ľ̸˼һһ𣺡ʲᣡ 
ڽҹϰ߱עӣΪ˶Ƥǻɻ룬罫Щܵ͸һĨɷòЦݣ 
﷢ҹӢ쪵ĹģһƱǺЩŮ˹ȥ 
ǳĲԶˡ 
ƣҹҲ֪ģĵȺĴΪǽ 
ȻҹԼδҪĲǷ˿ѽҪǴ𰸺± 
ʱüֻʴĪԣѹ˵ʲᡣ 
ιЩڽʲҹʵ 
֪̾һҪĶղžͲøλֻš 
᱿ȥһˡ 
ʱҹꤵķ죬εպļСүȻǵֵزЦ٩Ӵ 
⳰ҹΪһۣڴʱһŮҹ˵ԣָԶլ 
Ů֪ԲͨȸԷҹһЦŮǽȥ 
ﳤĿΣϧ벻ŮۣӲһԡ 
ι 
粽ǰòԹͨˣ˵ʲҲҪȺ޳˵λ˧磬һɡ 
ǡ顤⡣ҹײŮһ˵Цݡ 
ƴϣдʣȴҲһĨЦݣƤĸϡ 
еصǣе˷ɫ̫ͬ·Ůͷ㷢СβģͦɰģȥԼʮġҡ 
ݣи׳ˣ˴һʽ¶ʵؼؿŨëҹһƲעеҹаհƷ߷Χڻ 
Ůιһԣ˽˼ 
Ⱥ򣬷ҹʱܻ 
Σð̵ʳǰ 
ǳеˮˮҹüͷҺУʲζ 
֪һ𣬹һںеˮݻһԵŮһҪ 
֪Եˡ 
ˣʲζ 
ҹǳͬζҲ˵һˮᣬû£⵽ʲطΪʲԲͨء 
æʳڻӦĻ֨֨ҹʣ⣿ 
֪һѾˡ￼Ҳ֪£ҵһ¾Ҫ뿪ط 
Ů˸O@Իҹ˵Ҫܹͨͺˡ 
磬ӦֵǮɡ֮ʣϤԴҹ 
ǸȽֵǮұǸ̫ˣǿüǮ˫ֽǰӽ 
ҹԭͽüĸѹСĵ𣿡 
æӣȫûע⵽ֳ״ 
ûҹʵ 
̻ʣʱŮһ䣺磬Ǻء 
ɣ֡Իͨء뿴Ƕãһ컹æԶ 
ҹµĽʹˣˡ 
Ҫ飬һԵ˿ڵ־ͷ֣ҩˣ 
һδµʳҹ 
ҹһѾ 
ǸǸ£ 
ҹԼһʳﶼû£㲻֪ûа׳Ե𡣡 
֪Ҳ̫ˡƽ¶һĨЦ 
Ҫͷʺš 
Ҫץȥ 
ǰɣ 
ߣᡣҹȴǿģ 
ιֻɫʲ¡ 
кЦһִͬʱʯ䣬ֻһƺߣ׳˹Ѫֿζ£ᵹȥ 
ҹſڽ࣬գ۵ʱ䣬쵽ġ 
磡Ůһ£عϽǰֳ̽ơ 
ŮԣŮԳ֣˫ݵˮ۾һЦû£ֻ̫ˡ 
䣬ʰϵʼˣתͷŮ˵ԣȥԱá 
ŮĵĿ벻ǿĴ̵ղŵķȫ 
ιʲ᣿ҹһͷˮ֮Ӧ뿪˵زŶ԰ɡ 
㡣ָԱߵŮһ͵ش 
Ȼ˯ˡ 
ҸҩǺġŮһƲ죬ǵ⡣ 
˵꣬ͻȻѣɦͷֽһԵŪƽʵĶƤƼΣƷŮĵ˵ʡ 
ûԡ 
ҹιһ䣬뿪ֻвԵѾ̱ڵأͲԼᱻһëѾͷ̵ÿԳ 
5 
СŮҹΪѯʡ 
˳ÿҪǴ˵ҪץȥмŲԸأСɿɰͨͨҹɬϣ塣 
ǰɣҹϵ䣬ΪʲᣬΪʲǡȻϣʵѽ 
ԣһѾͷƬڳѣҹЦݽӲĵǲõม 
ѽŮ죬ҪҰڶҹſᣬѹļСҴСⳤϣ塣 
ҹǶ಻ͣѪܣ죬ˣ 
ǳбҪԶҹԤԼһƣŮҹҲһȥXģȻΣ 
˧ȻĺÿΪù֣ŮŵܻԼ䡣 
ҹ˼龭ԴֻǵһŰɫʹ۵磬ƽзɳȥɲǣٻɣҲܷɽõС/˵ɣϣһоûᵥˣͻȻʧĹͨϰ󷢲⡣ 
һƲ˯һķκԲͨҲǺԼһ 
ҹǲԸţǰһ֤ȥ֮ʱĴӲĶƤ 
˯һǵθҺڣ 
 
ͣµҩȫ˳ȻҲδʳ 
ҪˣҪһ⡣ 
ҹԲˣ·ֻΪգҲΣһ;Ұޣ뻹и汳 
֪ˣ 
Ǻȷ롭һͿ֪ˡ 
һɡĴЦͦġ 
ҹ΢ЦԶԣĵа뷨Ȼ 
뿪νϣ壬̲סͷ࿴һۣɽҰСе˼顣 
ʲ᣿ 
 
ҹ 
˻ɺͲ̤Ѱ֮á 
Դ֮ﵱУδʵͷҹأﲻϣʵǣҪ캰ˡ 
ɽҰСҹɵѡϷǰʵ֪Ҫȥģ 
ûĻʮи򡣡ҹָɽͷ 
ʮȷҪߵģ 
ҹ̾һСһүǳŰ ĶȣĽͣ˵еܲ⣬Ŀĵǰ 
Ͳг򣬻ǻشȥͷţԹԶҹιܸʱ䣿 
ȼü֮ĿҪذͲ֪ҹæΪʲᡣ 
ιιιĽУүû𡣡 
Сҹ 
𣡡һѾԼ߼ֵ 
λ˧磬Ƣ̫ء 
ҹ˸ССȥоһأʱͦﾴֵĽз 
Сϣ 
ҽлȥ϶ԼţҹһۣԽүĵ 
Ȼϲĵνͦ˳ġ 
һֽз񶼱ռˣҹ 
㣬ҼС־ͺá 
ҹİʱ仨£Զǰ 
ҹ 
ԺĽлȫ 
ҹ 
ˡ 
ɲӦһлᣬҹٶȴȻûԿԡ 
ҹ 
ʲ£ 
û¡˫ײеЦϰ⻹Ů֡ 
һXǷᡣ 
ȥҼͷ˵ҹҲ֡ 
紵̴أľҡɽҰѲΣ̱ߴӡ 
ƵʣȥһƬ̨Ļڿն 
ɽ˶ͨǹŰĴ䩤塣 
ɽСϣһĨӰ̤ǰƳǰеĹ󣬸ӿ첽Ļ· 
˵Ǽӿ첽˵ǷԾǰĽȵȴٶȼ죬쵽ΪǷ˲ƶ 
תۣŨ֣ͻնҫչеֻۣûٶ̧ڣӦ䡣 
ԽɭֵС꣬չ£ͷ˫ĿеĽɫӣԴһаɢǿϢ 
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ɽһˣҹǲɫ԰׵Ĳһ 
ۼ֮ﾫȣ 
ѾԽɽͷֻ·ҹ˵Ŀĵء 
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ҹͻȻڵأXģϢ 
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ҹ֪ʵˣԴԴ 
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ܣЦ̫ᣬдǿ 
Űʱ䣬ҹԭʣ޼ԺӴţȫСͣٸǻ϶Լһ۶Ŀǰ 
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İɡǰͷҹɴۿеĺɫѷ졣 
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Ҳ㣬Ȼ˵˵ҲǾˣֻһЦ뵽ղŵķٻسʵˣǶͻȻˣ 
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ﾪȵʵգŪģ 
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УС/˵磬˵лȥĿܡ 
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Ƴһۣ˳㲻еĺ 
ɦͷ΢ЦʶʱǿҪԼҴС 
ʲ𣿡ģȻҲ 
ǰҿۼöˣҿ 
ѽԭӶ½İ 
½ԲԣǴ̨ġ 
Ҳ֪˵̨϶ǬһЦ˳Ʋ⡣ 
ӻ˵ֻ磬ֶ½飬½Ҫ֮ǹŰǣ½Ҫ֮ǷѸףȻʡóסĻ໥߰Ķ½ȴǵʼ֣ԸЭͳһԸѧϰԴӶ½˴½֣ʵŰ塣 
ǹŰһȵѡٴ£ҪѡµгԴⷶŻۣг𣬲ǰ¼ãʵľǷѸףǸؼҵĳӡ 
ҸǱȽַ֧Ѹףѽû׼˭֪ 
ԭξۻѽ 
٩٩˵¶˷֮ɫҲǿȷӡ 
״ᣬʧȥȤϾҵԭ޹˵Ŀĭɣϲҿ 
ʲ𡢷Ѹ׶޹ء 
ԶİɫתĿĵء 
һͷҹŰǵ᷽㳡㳡жʵ̨ĽΪ׼Ҳ;ٰãǻҶһġ 
ҹ⣬ȫЯҿģЩлǽƱƫƫҹֻǱɽһǣÿǴֽ𣬸˵޵ÿͷֵ 
ҶһģװεؾĳʲΪģ 
ҹóĽӣˡ 
ͨĳĻһ˱ңûƽһԵһ¡ 
̬ȷǳһǷڣҹܻɫʯڼīɫĵשĴɫһԣɫӵľŮҹ¶ɷЦݣŮʱƲĿ⡣ 
 
ҹȥһֳӣѹ 
ԣװҹһɺͿݡ 
ۿϹҹĶʣһϢʵһԻٷˣ 
򷨿ˡ˼ĵΪҹ 
лޡ 
ĿĴɣҹصλϣҺ񵽵ĽӴСһ£Ȼܼңɿӡ 
ⲽһֽţķˣ۳˰巨ˡ 
11 
죬Ϊʲ¡ 
ӶְʱǶŵģҹɤӽк 
ϵͻȻ̱ڵزҹδ״ͱһ 
ˣľȱ 
ҹż£ӶҲݺݵϼš 
ڽĿٶƳ²壬Źȵģ 
ʧЦǱ 
ܺЦ 
ҹԡ³ɡɣЧΪʲ˸ղûˤռˣûãΪʲֵʱպã 
⣿ 
һָͷİɫˮع㳡̫ˣ߹Ϳ 
㱻 
ǿЦ⣬ҹҧŭʣ㿴ܾˣ 
С׺ݵʵһӶѣΪȥˡ߾ͷЦ 
Ƕ 
ͷøľˣ˻ҹϽ鿴ϢŷһѪҺ¡ 
ûúܴľţӵ 
Լµϣȴϡ 
ҹϣദˣ飺Ȼùҩ 
·ҹһǰۣƻҪ 
һˣ 
ϻ 
ҹżһתȥ 
ϽϣʱȴһɹϢһ࣬ز 
ӾȻǰŴ棬 
ѱס 
һ 
ȭ 
ӵİҹע⣬ŷսĲɿ 
˲ˣ 
ҹ㵵ǣڽڱӵ֣档 
һ㿪湥֮һߣӲУ˿ 
Ҫ򣿡 
ֹӼǰľٶЩδĸΝ 
ʵ⡣ 
ӳ˿ʢ͵Ϯˣ벻ԴҲռ 
ˣҧгݲһ 
ɣֵԹڵװͺˣҿԡ 
⻰ҹȥԸֳƨɲΪ 
ˡΪ˱ֳҹӲ뿪 
СּСǣǰʵ· 
ģ 
һСָǵĺݶǱߣ磬Ӵ 
һЦתҹ˵һùݰɡ 
պãɱ㡣ҹֽ֧Ʊʮ򷨿˱ңҲƲ·䡣 
ۡࡣ 
ﳤûڵĽ۾ȴǮ 
ܱɡ 
֪ 
˳εȥľЩæµЩ⣬ĳƶȤĴ򿴣һǱҹߴӿŲ 
˶֣ε⣬ͻȻҹ˵ڵء 
ʲᣡҹŭĴ𣬷һԵ£ 
ѸվǶߺߣӦͦ 
 
÷šָվڶԽݶӣƲü 
ˣҹλֱǺ㣬 
𡣡ڨЦԾµ棬Ƕһָ 
²¿Ҫʱң 
Ŀŵƣ¶ϲãղŽͣսһָһӡ 
ؽڣֽţսڼҹȴǰͷ 
Ǽһħʹ 
ħʹʵĴʣﲢսˣڣ 
ع㳡˶࣬ӦòҶ֡ 
ཻ֮ 
Ĭʮİȿܡ 
ͬʱܣҹȴǰ׷ܵ졣 
⻰ҹΪ֮ᣬĶó 
һŴһСŻ磬㲻˵˶Ҷ֣ 
ҹ̽ܣֱ׳ϣ˲ࡣ 
ء 
ֶ 
Ϊʲûάĸ 
ڲʱɣҹһѡ 
ܹһСΧԽԽ࣬û˳ȣﰧԹ𣺡Į 
ԼǾΪǿ벻쾹ȻƽȮۣ 
Ҳһ죬ĿһƳǰ·Եľȥ 
ڹ꣺Ҳˡ 
ι嶯֪˵ãҹǴ󷢲ףϾǸ 
̬ǻħѲ 
ѹҹֹƫ·ߣһ䣬ʰ 
ԭʼתͣڰյӣҪ 
ֵĴӰջص棬дʡ 
ȫ˵ĹԣƲ˵ʲ᣿ 
ҹ뿪ڳ䡣 
裿 
ͷ˵ 
Ӳߣ䣬˵Ϸܲ 
ͷէ⣬ŨдһϸС 
ֵÿϷ䣬СͿʼӴܣ׹ȴĳЩ䡣 
ҡ 
ҹ֮ƳһۣŷԼ֣Ͻɿ 
ֻһ֣ȴͣ½Ųվԭأɫ 
Ĺâ 
һ͸ƳնӣĺĴ飬ҹԣл 
13 
ҹĽл繴Ĺâʶѡ 
ɢ߿͸ƣʵ 
ָ֪ҹһΣδɨϿεһŰǷ˶ҹʹһ 
һװĹͣðŨ̺ͻĵ棬ŵģʿϲԤ˽֣ҹĿ죬Ҫһɣ϶Ѽӡ 
С˧磬㺦ءЦ 
㵽ҹǱվŭһʡ 
ֻӮĻʹߣȻú۰ѡ 
ҹһҪȴ 
 
ҹһһģ˾ϲ£٩ȵָʧ 
 
ⲻ֪ƾʲ˵Ŀ϶ҹһҹûƭ˰ɡ 
ƲƲ죬ŭһʡͻȻ䣡Ԥ˽֣벻ԼĻʧʱ 
ĴڣߵЦݣ粽ǰ֣־󺰣ιڲfĵʱɡ 
͹ҲηЩֵֹħǰ 
Ӻ˭֪Ů˾ϲһƨһ죬ȵĻųȥ 
ľǿŻ򣬲ľȴϽֱ֮ħ 
ֽšҲҪ 
һתá 
 
ҹŷͿűһӣ˰ɡ 
һۣһ 
ź򩤩δ䣬ɿǰû뵽Сϲſ˫ۣȥ 
ӱ֮һź򩤩δ䣬ʹİһҹһǱ㣬ʮа±ܲһź򩤩δ䣬ͻȻ䣡Ԥ˽֣ʹ캰ء 
ס֡ͣͣιʹ 
뵽˵ı̬˼׷ڲ֪ΧУᱩͽ 
޴ļֵֵľƣӷ鷺ۣϴ΢ЦģӰϲķ嵽ſڣʹ죬۴󺰣Сӣʿɶֹ 
ӵľӵϾټȭͷȥӲԾر˫ۣȴƤ֮ʹ 
ˡ 
ҹֹıУͬ飬һɽһɽߣؿ;ϲȫĽסˣΧָָҹԸвףٴȥܺߵҪ 
ȭɨգۣҹһŷȭͷͣڱǼϡ 
ӻҶһڽСﵽλã˾ĴĲӬ֮ȥٴȥܺߵҪȭɨգͻȻ䣡Ԥ˽֣գһͶǵƶᴦ 
ҹٶȱ϶¶ˣûоѽ 
Ҷж¾棬˵ħϽ˫ַᡣ 
ߵĺܣȴЦѿ 
ҹһǣŭݺݻϣҲ֪ѿ 
䣬ҹٲһţһ뵽˽ѹڵϣһǼ䣬ϲԶȭˮϡ 
ŭݺݻϣҲ֪ѿ䣬ס֣ͦ˳ֵʱͬӡ 
ڱ𡭡 
˶ԴţҹһݸһЦˣȥʿûĸ 
ӱͷۻȴһħݸһЦˣͻȻ䣡Ԥ˽ֶ֣ͻȻ䣬㾪ϲ͸¶ȴʧȥ׼ͷֱҹ 
Сģɿӣǰҹ˵ڵأɫͷϺХ 
סӣ޷ҪĻħ֮ 
Ŷһ٣⹥ֿ֮ͣȥһ֮ᣬҾϲһץ˹䲻ǿнƺһҹϡ 
ҹҪֱѹĴŭˡ 
ﻺ𣬾ҵʹðӵȥ 
ˣ 
Ƴ԰׵ɫҹһҹϽˣ 
æϢħоȻȵͷһʹ᲻𾢣˵ڣŵģʿϲԤ˽ֻ֣Ŵۿƽӡ 
ӳסҹӮ᲻𾢣ͻȻ䣡Ԥ˽֣ߡ 
ỹģһƣȻԡ 
ſվӮ˵ 
ҹԹ¡һţһ֮ȥ 
ס֣ҹĴȴֹ 
ħ￴ķǳϰģӲ˼һһģ˾ϲ£ϡ 
 
һ½ڴϢҪǲħһ֮ȥס֣ҹĴĻǱ³ŭʢ 
Ըӣ粽ǰķ˿ҹһǺѽ 
ħӮˣϲԸ䣬ιط 
ž˭֪Ů˾ϲһƨŭһƣһըŭչһըͻȻ䣡Ԥ˽֣ٶ۵ȴָӣǵһԡ 
ľٶǻӣ̧Ⱪȴ˿գֻҹͻһȭ͸ 
»˿һ㵵Ķҹȭʵõͷۻá 
ûҲħôҹҲǸˣĴڣ᲻þǡ 
ðɣ⻰ʵĶţҰ׵ϹһĨWĺҺϲŷ类亹ʪϴ΢ЦģӰϲķ嵽ſڣ״㡣 
û󰭡ָԶ黨ȥӡ 
ҹ֪⣬Ÿ֣һǷ 
һƵʱȴһ 
 
ҹѵõУȴǵӾҷۣƺһŻһʺ죬һɽһɽߣؿ;ϲȫĽסˣʶƮԶǰΪԼΪڡ 
ʱյ-14 
ȵѪҺϣҹȻŭǰӣ˾롣 
һ˫ĿѪ죬һɫâᣬʱԶڽк 
ǣ 
ͷһˣһʱԶڽкͷһˣеĲ֪ħδΣһһģʿϲſ˫ۣҲûʱ飬һţǵħ 
֮ܲۿҪһǣǰͻȻһĨӰ˲׵ӷĹۿҪһǣƷڵء 
ллӹһ٣ۿҪһǣϴ΢ЦģŮʯĳķ嵽ſڣϽл 
СӾ𡣡˴ӣ˭֪ϲķ嵽ſڣһЦ 
Ŵۿ˫ĿѪ죬壬㣿 
˵ЦݶʱȥһȭСӣֽҴ塣 
硭Ŀڣȭĺԩ 
ۿΣ㣿˵ЦݶʱȥϽҹʵҽԺ 
ҽԺ 
ҪҽԺʱβȺͷӣû뵽ŮϲȫĽסˣ̤ԡ 
ˣۼֻԲѵҹ 
󡭡ֱ£һٵλ磬п˵ĵط 
˿һۣ˵أǻȥ 
ᴦʵ 
Ͽݴ 
ָǰӹ֮ˣ̤ԡ󡭡ֱ£˫ֿһ뿪ֳ 
̤ԡ󡭡ֱ£һǼ䣡ŮƲԶ 
ȥģ 
СӣӲ䷳ĺ 
أϴ΢ЦģСϲĹڵأע󡣡 
ѹŭݺ˵Сӣ˫ĿѪ죬ȴдʡ 
ⳡĪĽͷսںӸ֪£Сӣ֪ǹŰǵг֮ǰӵ֧ۣ۵㲻ֿ֧ 
δ꣬ס죺Сӣ˵ 
ƮһɽһɽߣӰϲԶͷʾ˽⣬ӲŽɿ 
֡ⲻɵĹ 
ˮع㳡˺ܻĴ̸ỻ֮ǰӵ֧ۣ˾ֻӡ 
֪ɻ󣬸Ҹֿ֧˹ķ룬˾ֻӡ֪ɻŵģŮ˾ȵԤ˽֣ʶ㣬¡ 
ԭˡǳܹ⣬̨̳һû뵽ؿϲ͸¶̲֪£ 
㲻ڲӪں 
ʷʻ㺺ӲȴҲһ˫ĿѪ죬ĵ˵䡣 
ǡǡ 
лⲻ̸ҲգһԵķţʵû°ɡ 
ɯڣûסһ˵ 
ӿеɯһͷɫŮгָ£ǰ鿴ҹƣгָ£λŮҲȥ̫˰ɡ 
㲻ҲУӿʵ 
ζӣЦƤ񡣡 
ĳ 
һͻˣƤҪǻطȥҲһгָ£û뵽Ůϲſ˫ۣˣէǰֵãƲƲ죬ش磬ͻȻ䣬ϲԤ˽֣鷳㣬ȥЩ· 
شеĺէǰֵã֣ȥȥɣɱ· 
ǰŸ뿪˫ĿѪ죬ҹ˵Ůӻŵı˳ӸϽǰסʲ£ 
ɯһȥȴû©ϵ飬ҹ˵Ůӻŵı˳ɯǶʮͷċŮӣһ֮ᣬϲ£Ҳй£ֻҲպѾͷƬӡ 
GɯˣʵǺŮӲ 
ָţѾͷƬӡGû뵽ŮȫԤĹڵأͷ 
ŽҲβϣڵΣѾͷƬӡGҲ֪ʲ£ҹæ·ŵģϲһƨһ¹ģ 
ֽѽӵ٩Ů֮ȻΪ棬˵ɯҲŮӣȻڶʱڱ 
𲻽ҹ𪵥Ȼû׳˶˫ĿѪ죬Ҳʵһ¹ģֽѽӵ٩žµŮɱ֣Ʒ뷨һһģʿϲſ˫ۣŮɱֲŶԣѹɯ͸Ը 
ҹһҲˣ벻Ȼˣһ֮ᣬŮ˶Ҳһץ˹֮ǵĻȵȫѣǰѻѾϨҲ˲ˣֻ깦Σȴ֣ʵ鹹ĸоһġ 
أ 
Сȥ· 
СӣӵлҹݸһЦ 
Цȴ©˰ģ˭֪ϲķ嵽ſڣȭ򶨵û˰ɡ 
ǵˣʲ⡣ص٩ 
һ˵ǰѻѾϨҲ˲ˣҹ뾽ǳȣԼȻֳϵǵ£˫ĿѪ죬ܿӵĵ٩öˣû뵽ŮϲȫĽסˣûǵл 
г¡ 
Ӳ廰һǰۣʿȶ 
ҹʾãһǰۣллİæ 
ҽ𡣡 
ҹ 
ҹ֪֣֪ѡѹЩԼ๹뵽ѡսҹһЦ 
һЦг˻ģϽֳأ޽εŴˣ׳õĶӣϽֳأԼǧ; 
һԵĺӿĶҡѣ󡣡 
󡻶ǣеѡǰʱ̣򲻿ɱţɤ˳ģ 
ǰ 
ĻϢաд 
һԵĸ˼ֵķз֪һɽһɽߣӰϲԶгԳɤ˳Ҫƾ֮꣬ɲΪӷ֣Լķ룬ֻøͶ䣺رգٷǾʱ°ɡ 
ҹǹܣˬܣȷҪ罨һ 
û뵽ؿϲ͸¶Źճһ֣ͷϤССӰǰкؿ 
ȣԵ䵭࣬ǰкؿȣִЩ 
ƨɵζĨЦݽӲƲʲ᣿ 
Ƴһۣˡ 
Ȼ𲻶⣬ǿ˿ڣǰкؿȣչֽţһǼ䣬ϲһץ˹ǣЦС⡣ 
ѹЩʹϣټǶħȷʵ˴š 
ץֱۣһȺůڣ󷢲⣬ɵĿꡣ 

15 
Σһɿϵʹһɨ⣬󷢲˼飺ۣ쵽ģȰĦЧ 
꿴ģһЦЦȴЩаģë 
ͻȻһʣˣħ𣿡 
һţССᡣ 
ҡ 
Ǳ״Ϊȫ룬˵ʲҲѧѧЦʶһķϣС챻һ 
뷨ȴǲһɨܣʵһأ 
ҹһ⡺òЭԱǸ̬Уһϲ 
գգۣ˵ϲƯĶ 
͵ﲻѰɣд⣬ЦԶҹˣţħͿÿ쿴òã 
á϶ܾ 
Ҫͬ⣬˵ƯĶֲֻ࣬ 
Ķֻ鷳 
㲻᲻ɡ⻰ߣҲĿͷ 
İĴǻʲ 
ûֶ 
˫ֲѼҪľǣͽ 
߰ĽͣԼȥȴƵƵͷⲻ֪Ǹӻ⡣ 
ԭ 
ǰ 
ǡѣ 
ﱻһҲˣ˽ʶҲһ仰һܣ齨ˣ 
𣿱ң㲻֪ύѡ 
ʹʮĺӣҲʲ𣬾㱻˵Ҳʸڷϣȴǵͷ 
벻̹ףЦǳ϶ĵھѡ 
ҵһѡ 
ҲǡĵһﲻԾͷ 
꿴Ц;Ҳģ˺Цݣﲻÿ£ֻĳȷʵϲ 
궢ʵҪʲ᣿ 
곤İСҪӲŴĵƭڼħ˫ĽɫᣬͷΪ˱ʾ磬ҲŤƣȻиͬͬѶụཻ£ںȾƣ֡ 
˵⣬ҶðƱѣҲġ 
ţûµĻȥ·߱ġ 
ͷͬ⣬Ȼ²ͣϣʱѱѡʴ򶯣ʮ𼱵ĴҲ֮ᡣ 
ѡԱؿǵ׵Ķͬ룬аͬСmη˫ɱ¾ϢĽɫӣû˸ҽӽŬʾãŬֺƵһ棬Ҳͽ޹ 
ؿͷԵˣ˫ʯ峺һ첻ͣ٩٩̸һ㶼١ 
ͣˣ 
۷һҺܳ 
ؿҡͷһůܣá 
̹׵ԴʣͷһȻ֪磬ȴΪ鹹ۣߣȥף 
ף 
ԣԴͣȾơ 
Яҿ˵޹Ը곯Ψһ֪Ĳ͹ȥ 
¶ǣĴϾãļǲ̰ƵĶȼ 
ؿҲضã༸ڱѼס 
 
ֶ׿ˮؿ˵ƽʱı⻹ҪŨٱ 
һЦؾһ 
ϯУ໥ѯʶԷ˱ܿʵ粻̸⣬Ҳ˵̹ף¶ɫ⣬һ 
Щã̹ͦףһЩƾ޹Ⱦ£֮ûܵģ 
𡭡ؿ΢ŭп־ 
ؿͷӦʮĵ˽ԷĻǸİʲ 
ư֮˵ñؿҡ±Һ壬Ҳࡣ 
รʲ᣿ 
ͼֲ֣Ƕǰ϶ļ磬Ц 
һҲûУؿ˼ĵͷ 
ҹܲ⣬ؿ࣬ҹµĴħħͷϵ뽫׵ܡ 
ħɱģɽϵĸΝһ 
ٵıؿΪʲΪħϲħ磬ʪ䣬ʱƮɢϢʱԼѾȺУʾãȴòҪů 
Ҳм׽ؿ࣬ȴڵ֪¶飬ҲɱЩ࣬һ뵽⣬ĳͷꡣ 
ɱһ˶Աؿһֻ򵥣ָ䣬Ц䣬ͿԽһ࣬˫峺ӣؿѡӱܲ̫ԼڵħԺɱ¾ 
ǳѣ֪֮϶䵭Եĵı֤ͼжķʲ᲻˵ģţʲᣬһ㶼ӰǵĽ顣 
ģ 
Ҫҷġɤӣ˵ѣСڹ꣬ܶ䡣 
һЦȻ֪ʲзģ˵ˣ֪ķӦΣҲԷľԲᶯɱ¾ССħ塣 
16 
Ϊʲ֡ 
ʧ£Ŀĳ߹ٵĶӻӵ¡ 
㲻⣿ؿȵĿ 
ΪʲҪ⣿˵Ȼ 
ؿͷһЦһů⣬߾ٱӣף㲻ҡ 
ʲףģȾƾǺɣȻҲܾЦһ 
Աؿ˵ﲻǵһѣȴǵһֻ֪µˣ罫Ƿݷжȥ̸Ҳܡ 
ϸϸ˵һУ֪ƽ֪ԭħУǣЩ¼Ν޾͹ͷħ壬ỹᱻꡣ 
ֲԾͷŪͷ˿ 
ؿľٶЩϲã津˵ͷʲоһҲ 
ĵ֣ҵͷ 
Ϊʲң 
ΪСӣǴˡ 
ؿһƲʵĸ߾Ǵˣ 
Ȼǣʮ꣬ˡ 
ؿһЦЩ΢ĸɵЦʱŵĿģ˰· 
ۿͷɫϽⳡʱ֣һﳯε 
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18 
Ҳ֪תħɢҵ㣬̵ܾɽ֮أﲻΪʲҪ˵ء 
ؿһЦǰ䵭һɨ⣬ϲõ 
ŲԸ⣬뵽˯ѾͿԵԭ磬Ļסһȥ 
Ҫ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
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ʱŷҹûϻͻȻ֣ҹأû 
ûؿһԭеϲá 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
֮ᣬؿ̹ףڣΪҲϲ 
ɲ˵ġ 
ǺϲƯĶҹ࣬ڸղţϲѾᣬ⿴վ߾;ôۡ 
ؿǰССԴ̧ϸߣҲϲͱվһ𡣡 
֪Ҫ⻰Ϊʲ꡻һЦ˳ؿ֪ѵѽʲ𣿡 
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ͷһĵѡ 
𰸣ؿü䡣 
˲ֻһѣкܶܶѣҵѵȻҲѡ 
ߴۣؿ󷢲ãȴҪϲ 
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һʱ֮ﲻ֪˵ŻףվڸǰССҫĽɫӳɻ󣬲ദ뵽ԼȥʵᣬǹµһˣЩŲġ 
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㵵ĿؿȴĵԭҪɱģӦû᲻ˣûж֡ 
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Ϊˡ 
 
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ûؿ˶٣⣺ҪɱһˣӦ𣿡 
ᡣ 
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ᡣ 
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һϵĴ𰸣ﳹͶɣ˵Ϊʲ˵㶼ܺɵĴӦǲԵġ 
Ϊ϶ѡ 
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ĸؿ⣬ȴܿĿ⣬ȭͷյģ 
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19 
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ؿʵˣһȥܣȥҹΣȥʶһƱѣ˼ˣﲻݸϱؿͷƻȥýϰС޶ֳ񫡣 
ߵЦݣؿҲãʵ˵ЦԼᣬͷǷϲεĸоͻ֮ȥ 
ؿ֪رģʹѣָоһУǰδйֻҪϣģԻȫҪԼ 
Цʲ᣿Цļаɵݸ 
ϲһ𣬺 
Ŵۿͷеһ⣬ľӣͷϲĵСҪ¾ 
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ȻزȥԱؿ˵û𣬵˵ȴܸˡ 
ųڣ󷢲˼飬ȻΪʶõ˲ͷһǸ鹹ȴԲܴĵطˣˣѶ⣬ţ뵽ҪҶðȥͣЦ 
ĨɬЦݣؿЦЦĺѿ 
֪ÿֶǣһ˵̲סطһ䣺öˡ 
ؿ˵ȥ 
߰ 
ƲƲ죬ȻѾɵʵ磬ȥ˯ȴ֪Զҹ뾡ӱԼߡ 
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20 
˵ؿһְֺף뵽㶣ĵĲᣬڿԼ 
 
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ԶһһɣΪгҹɫ٣˰ĹЧ 
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һƳԼַ֣ǹĹâԽۣ 
֪ 
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ЩţĺԤʶƮԶɢҲãһ֮ǣŤҹϽץҡ 
ӰҲûУҹֻ 
˯ 
ͻȻе־壬գ۵ʱ䣬ȴѾоһС 
ϴмһҹй飬ش³ĳĶ䣬һ𣺡 
ʽַʮ㹦ЧһĿͻȻ۽΢ʹĶ䣬һ۵´鷳ҪҶߺ𡣡 
ʲᣬҿǬʧһοˣǻȥġ 
Ҫ϶ܾų⣬ԭɵĸеη塣 
˵ǻصԭ硣 
һǡ 
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˦˦ͷϡǵһİĿռ䣬ڸ˵ 
׳ʲ£Ѳǳᣬණϣ 
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ѵұײɵˣ 
ԣʧȥ䣬ֻǵʱ¡ 
ɡ⣬Ψһʶ￪ڵʲ𣿡 
⣬ǳҹΣԿ϶ĵûС 
ҡֵֹġ 
֪ⲻϡ档ҹ 
ιҸ˵ģû¹ֳļ䡣 
Ǻܺðÿ뵽ǳ⣬ڻѪʱ 
ãҾ⡣ԽһתҹٵԼܲ⣺ţ᲻ҿÿĶҵļߣ˵ǹؼ 
˵棬ҹȴǲΪ⣺̫࣬ļ϶Ǳʱ״ŷɵġ 
𣿡ƲƲ죬Լֳ⣬ûŹ 
ɣҹ֪Ҫû˵϶̾һʵҲǺҺˡ 
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ϸϸͬʱҹҲֵʱ龰׺ܽǰһܴۣյþգͻȻ 
ｫУƮɢļȴҲƴƴմյװҹ˵ĺܹ֣ڸ¥ĶУ׾ȻűߣƵòƵУ߳Сʱһ̨ӳײ 
뵽ˡ 
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ΣȻ©Ҫڣҹŵ˵ 
һ˵ɫҰףһĨ亹þò 
ҹԸй죬ʵ㡭ʲ᣿ 
Ŀһˡ 

21 
𰸣ֻſѧܽѳǰʵƺǹڶǡ 
ȥˡﰴ΢΢ĶǣͲøϽȥ˯һ 
ҹͷͬ⣬ʵ̫ˣҲʵǷ룬Ҳ޷ʹǰƮİӰʲᡣ 
صгݣɫ̱ڴϡ 
ҹƳһۣ֪йӵϰߣȴιҪ˯Ҳɺá 
ҲϵĴȥֻ˻޶ԡ 
 
ҹеԾɵŤˣһڴϣŹ֡ 
ϴߣƣףֻǻûͱһɳȵŵͣڰյͣ˻л 
ûǵʧĹߣȴ쳣죬ҹϽŷûڵļȻȾһܵĺ뵣Ķͷȴеĸ£쳣䣬һʬ壺 
СϵʲܣΪʲ״һѡ 
ߣæᣬҲܽϵҲ޴󰭵Ľɢᡣ 
˿̣ҹӵڴرߣų˯գƾԴҲһͷ 
ͣԴĹ·չ뵽ȥһ˿ܡ 
ϸԣⷬ 
 
գһĺ䣬ЩϢ 
ѣ쳣أǰ类Ŵʯѹѹĵһ 
ء 
գգۣѹϵҹƿȴֵ̧ʹϡ 
£ˣҲ᲻ðɡ 
ϵѹֻÿڽлҹ 
˯ѹϸĽлܵۿſϵˡ 
Ҷ˾ǡ 
ƮһʱҲֻܳ䵱α޷ʱͷߺļźҹշתѡ 
ҹ֣µӱǵ飺ѡͿء 
ߵιҹ䷳ۿó 
һǰۣߴ졭Ҫѹˡ 
˵Ĳ٣ںϢͿʲȥؿϵеʹ 
ҹֻܳΣԺϷ塣 
졭 
̧ƿȴָ۴һѾǵǸԽֻɱˣʪȵȻ˿Ĵ꣬̽ǻ 
ȻȻ 
һ˫۵ɵϴ޷ⷢչֻͬйӴû 
ڣҹ˫־ȻֵӾ䵽ٵͷ 
ˣ˯ɵҲ 
бˣ 
ɲ뱻һŪиоеӶ޷飬 
ʲ᣿Ϊʲаӣ 
ҹһʱɻۣڅճߵգ˫㵵ʱҹȫѣϽ뿪ȿǻյһȭȥģ 
㡭ȭƫеĴͷ۽Ƿ⣬ҧгݵĵʩߣռ˵ĿΪʲỹðᡣ 
ӱǿĶѪۣҹЦ˰ɡ 
һۣѹãҪĻᱻóѡ 
ι 
ϻȫܶ£ؿ뿪ᣬһʣ 
ܶҹǰڲ 
ﱻַȥһͷۻ 
һҹֹͣ뵽ҪȰֹѪԼǱ򵽱Ѫֱ磬С鲼ֶֿɵã³˶ǿףʵ 
ᣬǲ֪Ȼַʹ 
ԭǶãֲû֣ҹصѵ̹ףǸղš֪ģ⻵ϰ߸Ĳ 
ߺ߶ҹȻԱ£յĵǲӦȥҽ 
˵ʱ˯Ʒþˣûʶ 
Ժȵȡ 
죬Դװʲ᣿ 
ҹߵűۻﲻˣ 
Ȱ·á 
˵ȴԼķװǻصۺÿͷ· 
ֽŻ᲻̫ˡ 
쵽Ȼû֣Խ޲š 
ҹԽ⻰ɰͣһЦû취鲻Ҫ 
ȥ 
ҹߵϵĴ뵽ղŵľٶױԼܡ 
̲סǶ˷Ǯ 
ȥӦþͲٱˡҹŭҲط΢Ц 
һ˵ĵȥҽ 
ߴ٣Բ岻ʣһԻҪ˼żȭŸԸ 
ҹʼװȻһԣЦʲᣬûı߲ 
㣡Ҫըǿڻ᲻ϲ£ֻҧгݡ 
ţһҹĿŭһԶ˵¼ƻһ壬ĳϿԤ֪δ͹ȥȥ֪ǻȥԭ硣 
˵ȸԾ֣ðɣȸ㶨ҵȽҪ 
鷳⻹࣬ұ˵ 
û 
ҧҺߵĹٵͿȥҽ 
֮ҹվ𣬷һżͻȻһɫâգۼ䣬âɢһĨӰǰ 
ؿ첽ߣһЦ磬 

22 
硣һЦ 
ѵѻѣ 
ؿĻżһתҹ¶Цݣ簲 
ҹ컹̬ȣ쾹Ȼʰת᲻̫Ƴ飬ҹӺ浽Ƿʲ£Сħ 
ڵ磬һָϵˣãСӶˡ 
ﲡˣ 
ؿ˼֣ᣬһ䣺Ϊʲ 
ˣ￪ѯʣҲ֪¡ 
ؿһЦͽһů˫ɫȴһɻ 
Ϊʲо壿ΪʲڻձUUģ 
ʱ 
˫ʯӣؿϽİĻһ¾ûˡ 
 
˯һ°ɡ 
ŸҪ˯Ҫ飬ȴڱؿСһᣬȵ˯ 
һԵҹٴο棬벻Сһﱾ󣬼ֱ缶ʦ֮ŲͣϾ˳ĵ֮ 
췢ʲ£ؿѯΨһĶ 
ҹһʣȴնûС 
ؿڴߣִ֣ɻĽɫֶ˷ۡ 
ǰɣСһֵֹģѵ 
ؿеУҹһǬȶû°ɡ 
Ȼ 
ؿ˵Ŀ϶ȴͻȻץҹ֣Ƭ̹ᣬɻʣǵ˭ 
᣿ 
Ҹо꣬УҲܱ 
ʲ˼ 
ؿƳ˯һۣĿһû˾ˡ 
㿪ЦɣǺúõġ 
˻ѪӶʱȺϢ̴棬һ˵ˣҹ޷ܺţ쳣壬˷˼ 
֪ؿڵڣ鹹ø࣬ûƭȻ˵δã˵ȴ˰Ŀԣ˵ؿ˹Ҳһǿߡ 
˾ҹڴرߣȻǲˣڷᣬ鹹硣 
˵⣬ҹͣһ£ؿ 
Ȼ᣿ؿΪ⣬ֻǴߴ 
ı°ܶȻͦߵģҹݸһЦ鹹磬ҴҲ֪Ϊʲǻᵽ⣬ᣬȷʵһЩֵ㿴ֻ֮һ 
ؿҹ̹Ȼ֪ͻȻɫâ£ԼԼġ³ɡ 
еҹһ˵ޱȫг 
֪ˡ 
˿Ӱ죬ҹ㲻Լ鹹 
ΪʲҪ⣬鹹ģ㲻Ҳǣ 
ؿж⣬Ц˵Ҫ˵ҵøл㣬Ҫ㣬ûҵĴڣҪ㴴ңҾûԣ鹹ģҶ˵ÿ꣬ܺܿ϶˵鹹𣿡 
ϯҹ²ϰ䣬˵ʵƺֻ֪ϣԱؿԣԼʵٵġ 
Ҫߣһ 
ؿ 
ҹĴܴʱѵ룬ֻΪԼһ濪ڽס뵽ϼ䣬ƺҲû壬޷ıĿǰǬЦû£Сˡ 
ﲻµģʹҪҵ 
ҼǵĲɡ 
ԭ³á 
ҹĵĴҲҵй㣬ڨЦţҪһ㣬֡ 
ؿףһЦνֻģ˵һҲ˳˼ߡ 
С治ϲҹƽ˵ 
ؿѹϲϲԼֻѣЦһ׹âգۼѺʹϵʧСķ䡣 
Ӵڻһʣ͹ݵ֦ͣͼֻѻȥܵĻްݴ̣ȻǱؿ硺ҹ֮ءҲ׳Ƶħ硣 
մ̦ĽĨӰЩ˳죬еı϶˳е죬׳˶ͬȴ 
ħ͵ȵľʳϵɽϵĸΝޣԽӽ̬ħ壬ԽǿΪʲ࣬ǰǱʶԶʣ߸ϵֻҲϲԼĸһ 
ڽ˵ħ簵ħʹҲǰҹ֮صٮٮߣǱؿ˹ĳӣΪЩħʹҳ϶ȣ⣬ߵԾ֮ħֻǿߣʹߵ쵼ߣҲΪ档 
϶еǾۼȻһ֮ĹӭǻǣȻǶħǶŵȴżҳϵķϾλ̫ûˡ 
ܱ䶯ռŤΣһƵ񱻵иһ죬΢СɫԴ񾲵ķ죬ײһʱȼСС𻨡 
ħʹ֪٣ضҡ˼ǻ۵ĵ͵ħƾܷ˻էӭӡ 
ʱһҫ۵׹âƬأһֲֻѷ죬ǰ 
23 
òȴԲͬʵںڷ˿էˮٰȻ䣬𪼡͸⣬Сɵ˫ɫҫ۵ӣǲЦȻаȴľ߶޳ͦıϣȻһûĿݹǳϸָָƬӶӡ۰ߺۡ 
ڵëһ֮ҡ𣬽ɫӲ˺ɱ¾֮ʹûлΡ鱦Ҳ֮硣 
Ѳ磬һжһƳеˣϬĿʱͣһԾݹǳڿն 
ص磬ؿǰٰ㲻ԸȴҲֻлصܰΪʩ 
ħʹµĽ쵼ߵأڲ׶Ĵ̹ǵļ֮أ֧⽨ǰ꺮ؿȼЩıȴͽ޹򵽴Ȼƿء 
 
 
 
԰ħʹǵһлؿ 
˹ 
Ϥĳνؿֹ²ͷκ˽ 
ħħʹӽΣһͷͷīɫ˿̵ȴͬè۰ϸնжĶ䣬׳˶ӡ֣˫ֽǰӵڱؿеϡ 
ʲᡣ 
ħȻԪ壬ؿ͵ͬһԪĲӳ͵ɱ䣬ǰʶȴǶԱؿԣֻҪܵż档 
غáؿһۣٿ 
èͫӣ˵Ҫغãǻ½磬ͷǲΣͻȻЦħοԡ 
Ԥϣؿ̤ڲˮ֮أһӣһռ磬Ҫ˶ᱻ赲⡣ 
е˷ڽδʹõľ´ϣܵټˮɢԴԴؿϣų˯գаȶ˵Цݣϸָ⹴㲻ġ 
䣬ͷһдʣʱһʯĻذƾճ֣䣬ԼϻһѪ 
˿ӿʺѪҺЩ乵ϣЩӳڿն𣬻ûŤѶ֣ѪҺƳһԲȦΧէ֮һ 
ָմѪ̯ƣ¡Dţһֻ˷ѽͼڡ 
һжؿжذؿڻʮ֣ʺҺ˳ 
жһԣͷĨҺȵϢļϣ֣ʮָۣͻȻٺʹ̶â 
ħ֮زģܺؿ˹Ըﹲ֮ˡ 
͵ͳԣް͸ӱؿڴܳѪҺγɵǻ 
ϸС͸޿ռΣʹͬʱеĶâȻֶ˵ɫҫ۵ĹԴ 
ؿۿµˣֻ͸е¶ʧҹ˵ 
ձUUڸûûģؿü˼ƣȫ޷ɡ 
֪˿̾˼ʱ򣬿һ־䣬ڽһĨĻ꼱ٴؿڣͬʱǵɫԴҲɢȴųǿн壬˼ʹأһſۡ 
 
ǷԼ˫ֱ˽ɵߴĻǿϷƮ飬㿴ϵˡ 
ǵ 
Ϊʲ֣ 
ȴֹƵ޷ѣһͷˮʵģ˭ 
ؿЦΪеϲãЦϲԼ 
ιѹҡ 
Ը뿪ֲԼɿһתʣȸ˵ЩƮƮȥʲᶫ 
Ȼ첻µز£Ҳ춿ѧµĲƫƫЩ͸֪ʶĴڡ 
塣 
졭 
˭ 
ؿ 
㡭ؿ 
̫˰ɣһΣ 
ʱıؿѲģаȵЦݽճĵаȻϵͼЩֲƣ춾㤺ˣﻹ޷ͱؿϵȺš 
ӣŷֻմѪͷַؿڱ϶һȫ㣬㵵Ŀι£ 
ʽû 
ʲʽ 
ΪʲԳƱؿΪʲԼ˹ĵطΪʲ϶Ѫڽʲʽʣﲻ㡣 
߿ 
㲻֪𣿡 
ޣڿЦ𣡡ˣĻᱻѹĻԸԻ 
Ҳ֣ΪʲһҲûУȴܻ 
Ǽ٣ֻǱͼϵȴЧյĵȰҷſ˵ 
С 
㡭ɴۣһ̧ȥ 
 
ͳıؿʱĺһû氤һţЩɿ˽յ˫֣δɵʽؿһŭЦݣ𶯣ڽǰ 
ڵѿڿʹᣬƲʵҪҲҲУȽ¡ 
ؿͷһͣǰʮ֣Ѫ̺ۣ֮Ȫ 
24 
ûȴľٶ𾪣Ƥ񣺡㡭ʲᡭ 
ˡ 
ҪģɲҪá鷳ˡ 
ؿͷһ㶼鷳ΪˣҺܸˡ 
Ǳؿ 
ɲţֳ̬ȵҲֻǸʲᶼСһ 
ؿЦݣܾ 
ʲ᣿ 
ҵꡣ 
ҲҪſ 
Աؿ˵رģֵģȴΪʲҪܾɣһ뵽⣬ؿٲ˵ЦӦûеʹ𷴿ܿͺˡ 
Ҹ㣬Ƚ 
ľʣؿӶ䣬ڰյĻѸٳڡ 
ȼյʹӣ͸ڼܣֱĴԡ 
 
ʹδˣһؿڴ룬ҵʹһ˼Ұ˲ɢհס 
Ƴʹ飬ؿС 
Ϊʲؿڻʹ 
δйĪñؿ˻ɵ 
ʽֹͣڴϢоǶֻĻ꽥 
ʲеʹǳʹŶԡ 
ʹΪˣҪڱԹؿֿʼдʡ 
еĻץסһɵĲҲͣղŵľʹֿǲЩֵֹĶסڡ 
Ҫͣ 
һ£Ϳˡ 
춳޷жϣؿ԰˫ɫ벻ᡣ 
ؿʹֹΪ˱ǰĴԽԽ죬ᣬһص½βֻͷӬƵģĿڡ 
ȷŻҵĳţ˲ɴ˫Ļ죬²ֱ˵ʹƽϢӲӲߵżشϡ 
 
Ӧҫ˵ĺʯӣʱȴ޹⣬ԵմˮѪҺϢ¸ĽʵţҪΪûϢ 
 
ǰƵͷƾһлʶƮԶʡ 
ؿأ˫æж䣬ȫ㣬˫ȼͬͦȴЩ֮˫ȣԼӲ᷽ͦĿϣ͵ǰ֮δٸ 
 
ͻĶٴγ˺ѵʹУȻѣһҽС 
ӲĶںԤ£ǿн˽ܴղȻͬʹȴҲܳܣ׶Ĵ̹ǵĹᴩͷƤ飬ӲƵƵε˼ȫѣڵ״ 
ʲᡣ 
ؿڳһͷȻ˵Ͻ 
ȥģ߿ﲻžȻַĹܵжʹĵֻӿ뾭ѵо 
ڵĶָ룬ѵľٶֹҪ߿ 
ؿ⣬˵Ѿͬ壬ҲϾǲͬΪ˱ڵų⣬ǱģҲܾ 
ԺҲ⣬ûҪŭҲҪ꣬ߡ 
ġ 
뵽ڷ£Ĵ𣺡ھˡ 
Ϊʲ 
߿Ȼɱ㡣ڻܲ 
Ҫ 
𶯡 
ԻһЩʹУȴŲٴ𣬿£ɫҰףؿҲҶʹ 
˵۵Ϣȭ쳣ʹѪҺϸƺоĵܣҲֹ뷨ؿ 
͵Ľлñؿѹӣ 
Ÿտﳶķһȭһͻķýϴʹ˶ʹ 
˲ʹӲ˿ʺѪҺӹɼ˫乻䡣 
Ҫַ䣬ؿϽһղŵѱŭ𣡡 
ҧгݣվ͸еѣۿֱ״شϣ𣺡Ҹվ˵ھ롭 
Ԥͦᴩ䣬ʹ޷롣 
ؿ޷񣬸ղַ䣬϶Ƿǵ³սľĿʱ䣬ñؿųһ亹Ϊ˱ֿԷֻϿһж 
ʹߣӲĶסϷӡ 
 
ѹֵĽлؿΪʲῴʹģĻʹ 
ӡɫӵ̱ˣͭϲˮѪյĴͳɤһжؿڵĳĵɻ˼ʱֻȫӵá 
ȻӲʵļǿԸٷκһ˿־䣬״毺õĴ걻г˺ۣŭ˫Ⱦ졣 
ԽҵӶǿռȴǿҵʹУҲɢϺ˼ 
һ󷴸Ϊʹлʣû뵽Լʹߣ޲һԼΣ벻Ƕڽ 
ʱţ߱ɻɢҧҲʹϣ񱩵Ӷȴûֹͣ󣬷ңֻڲͲŪһصͦӲӲĹʹѿڶ 
ڵĶ뵽޷λãﲻħЦԼ棬ǵΣ뷨һţԳ˼ļٶϡ 
ͣ 
ԸڣʵڳܲסĶ룬ȴһҲʹ³־Ҳϸ 
ϸСͳǴؿ繴˻ǵĶҲֵĴ߻ȴ֪ԼĶµֻһĥ 
һ䣬ΪҪ˼ʱ̵Һ 
춽𡭡 
ʹһͦƽϢҪֻȴڣʱָʹϣ˫ۣزһӻƵƵա 
𣿡 
ѯʣﲻӦһ۶Ը 
ؿ֪ħ岻ͬƳϴѪ߰ߣ۵İѱˮʪķ˿ѹӵһжˣӽǾһģҲֿ 
䣬ڣһĨȥַܵ䣬ȴֵֹĽ硣 
²ɴʣһԣƳƣ۵˯գͷеϲá 
25 
컹ĹµȴɷߺޣȻ֮˱пɺ֮ûȷ֪죬㶮ˡ 
ϸѪҺĽɱ¾Ǻ⣬ؿڵŭźνƣ۵ȴ̰ʱŨŨ˯⽫ɢʶͺըɣߡ 
ڣֻΪ֣Ǳյĸ 
ʶһñؿĸеůֻǾشߣ;㣬еϲã࣬еͼһǣá 
ˣõʹ࣬ȴһħҲʹϡ 
Ÿ˫ɫӾϢؿȴͻȻӣֻӲĽ磬һħʱϬ˫ɱ¾֮Ψһڴһϣ뿪״Ĵ󴲣ٴη²ɴĻ 
˹𣿡ͷĵ 
Υôֻǵ׿ƣƲҳϲ˵ʶ꣬ò鿴 
ؿ򴽣ȴвȥĻҺȫ 
ΪħʹǾʶĵʱԸ͵ħﶼʹȫ˵ĵʱǽ֣ɲһ 
ЦһӣԼĽ磬ȡԭǵ׿Ƶķоȴڳбڳ㣬ħҵġ 
ǿ߾֮磬ȡȻ£ħԣʳľ壬ۿʳʳС 
֮ǰؿлɳãΣվ棬Ҳеη壬ڣ뵽Լǣһˣľ͸еǲȻֻǵ̬ȣȴѵȼؿɱ 
ǰĶ֣ؿ֪ɻ 
˴㣬ɫһҲʣħʱĿһڿճɣ 
սԣؿѸٵһ䣺֮ޣû֮У桤橤١ 
һСƾնûɷĵУؿߵؽУһתѳϮȥ 
벻ᷢѣ⹥ּͣһૣϽſܺͱؿǿҹƶԿ 
ȴһĽڽڱˣֱ·ˣؿе桤эǵħϣʱըһâ 
ʧЧȴЦڵıؿûɱ˹û뵽ᰮϧ 
ؿЦȴп࣬ҪĽߵħӱľ޴첻ɣ˵Ҫħ 
ؿһθе᲻ãϿ֮죬˷ʱĵָҧ 
е桤ûСѴҧϵķܣСҧ֮õħ֮ʱʵıĤҧһ󶴡 
ҪӲҪ֡ 
üͷʱԼĶ֣׾ٵľͿɽ˽ᡣ 
˵ħûԣԵԣؿͬߣӹɣڵɱ¾ٲҪϡ 
ۿСǰ̶˻𣬵һ죬һĨ׵֮ʵǰϡ 
С룬ڰȦ 
СɻرؿеͬʱѻؼС 
桤֣ؿֽдؿڣٶȴж¡ 
ƮƶգۼƵؿᣬèͫͻȻȾɱ¾֮ɫƺ۵˫ֵڱؿţֻҪһᣬһʷҪд 
ɱ¾֮ᴫؿɫһʣħȫ磬ûħڻһӡֻҪ 
ؿĵૣۣ뻳֪Լ죬˵ĻᣬϽ˵˹ס֣ûҪΪУ 
оɱɢȥؿֹͣ䣬ȥ 
ʲᣬϢʧˣλᰮϧ˵òΪһɱɣǣʧ 
Ϸ޷˵ȴħΪˡ 
ȷ֮ǰŵϧѲ֮ǰһԸ˵ 
̬ȣ߰ģЦ˳٩һ㶼û䣬Ảԣ˻ˣ 
ؿһۣ뿪ҹ֮ڼ䣬ȷжοհ׼䣬ҲֻΪħ˻ 
˵Ḷ́ϷʵͻȻʹ㵣㡭ָ˭ 
ܲؿλֽţָĲ࣬Цû¾ͳȥɵĻûա 
ֲĽıֲøղŽʱ;ù죬Ϊαװ̫ãṥĿһɨяϵٴҲ֪£ƫƫǸӵİħʹ 
깲ԵҲ룬ٹãⰵҹ֮ؾҪˡ 
ܵʲ³Ӧñ˭ֻļɱΪһ㵽ٲĵز 
ѣ˭ͳûȤȴұ֤ԼԹۡ 
˵ˣ 
ؿɫһĿϬ˵ᣬҾͿɱ㣬žԿ 
š뵽ղŲľٶϽʶȥʶһ£֪һ¾ͺѸı䡣 
ؿ֪ڵķӡٻֶ֮Σ³ǱʳѱԼҲøһ𣬹ƾ㣬ؿսʤʮġ 
춵ǵ£ؿΪ⣬ƾǷǣңԼսܵһ졣 
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ɫӽŸ㿡գĸоֻǿȻĵԼڷڵѪҺȼĪĳ嶯뷨˦˦ͷϽĿƿɢǻͷ 
Ȼйһξ飬Ҳֻǵԣ⣬ħԣȻȻ£֪Ѻʹǲͬġ 
ѵ 
ؿһȻ½ۣ˫΢΢ſӣлˡ 
գգۣε˼⣬ȴѴϤɤؿ 
ûı߲ 
ѵɲǣƳΧĹ컷Ͻ֣ӣһؿԭΣ˼һȭ 
 
Ѫ ȵζؿǾȣΪħ˵ƤϵȭȲʹֲȴ쳣ʹ 
Ƴ֪飬Ҳˡ 
бַӡΪʲûǻµӣ 
ɣҲʹѵΣ 
һ˫ƮʱܣʱֿǰĹڿᣬħ 
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ŭʱһ˫ŭݺݵĵָ𡢶ֻƿڴ޼£Լϣ˵ԼƢܺãȴδɱ⡣ 
 
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ءؿɴۿϵˣħԣŵĿҲǻԪأľٶɱ⡣ 
罫ûַĳദĻʱĨ𣬴ʱֻˣһϸľĸ 
ؿ˫ɫӣסǾӣΪʲĻʹ 
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ؿ߽ɣֳ̧סʩֱۣ֪Ĵɱ 
Ҫġ 
Աؿ˵пޣֻǣҲܲԼ𽥻ɢʶһħϵֱȥ 
ԤһϷɳȥˤһԣҵʹܱȫڵ񱻻յȷʱһʺҺ˳ǿ̱ȥ 
 
һδ˳ؿѳǰΪˣԼȻֲ֪ء 
ﾾ½ڴϢڼʱëŭԼ֣ݺݵĵ 
 
ؿ޹;ܾ֣һů 
գûɱ⸱Ǳڴڵůʵһַ̡ 
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ؿͷһϣĿⰵ֮ǰڲС 
ھҪؿƻģ֣ͲҪҡ 
ĻһÿһֶڴģͷʵΪʲҪΪʲҪɱҡʲˡҪҡ 
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Σؿ뿪Ĵ꣬еɱɢȴŨŨı࣬ؿҲܣѹδͷһͣʵΪʲҪ 
ɱ㣬ɱԼ𣡡 
У𣿡 
ַǰʽ˵ԼˣһûҪңЩֵֹĶߡ 
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27 
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뷨ؿ֪ҲΨԼģˮƴǰɨ˯һ°ɡ 
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ҹһǣǴ㵽õ 
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ǲŲҪȥ棬Ҫȥ̸ָ㣬ҹ˵ȴǣı»飬ǰõ볤Ϊ 
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ɲһʱʧ·ֻȴò𰸣󷢲Ŀڴߵıؿ 
գʲˣ 
Сħɫѿѵˣ 
ҹ߽һŷһɵ״Լû֡ 
ι 
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ʲҹ䷳׷ʣû˰ɣ 
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һؿҲûΪԼˣϵĺɫӺۣҹؿһЦҪɱҡ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
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׳ʲ£ 
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˵ѾˣΪ˾Ȫȴ顣ؿĿһת˵ȴ©ҪĻڡ 
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ȻΪʲҪɱ㣬ѵ֪ɱԼҲ 
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Сӻ˯ʱ򣿡 
ɡ 
𰸻ԽܣҹǷҲù˰ɡ 
ؿһۣȴҲûȷʵǸûȥΪļս׼ǰķ˿Ц 
ֹֹ֡Сһ⡣ 
ҹԿڽ࣬Ϸ˼ĻῴߣСħΪʲԸһꡣ 
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ϲǵһҸеůˣһǵһҵˣҪѡ 
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28 
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ȣˮͷѾ㲻ħҲ׷ΨһȱޣһׯɵҸħʹ 
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һԵ𣬸ͷʳҲɷ羰֮ˡ 
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鷳鷳ЦҹӡغãֶˣǱȵ컹ѵ£ҲԥףοֻС¡ 
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תֻۣʣҹɯŮӴ󵨵شϿ֮ˣϸָḧŵİʾԼպ 
й鹹ﻶõľ飬ҹҲų⣬ۣ˿ްߣһϸϽWε졣 
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û֮ǰıҹȴëֻ˫ʯӾȻܵĺ⣺ 
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ҹȴù᷽ġAA֣ҹ 
Ľһ죬Ȼ֪ĝڽк 
ǹʱ򡣡 
£Ѿ͝Ĵ̶˦ҹ֣ 
ҹֹ²Сǹ򡣡 
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ȡȵȵȡĹʲ˼ 
ϵ˼ 
һĭѧĶ޷ܣ벻ҲУֻǰ˹ȳۣԼֻǻþٿָ𽥿ġ 
ҹ桭 
һɳ/ӰҲΪ⣬뵽һרʣнʬ 
 

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ȥĩҹŻͷհǶѽߣŵĸϽȿ 
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ڲǹʱ򣡡 
ҹܵıȽϿ죬ҡǵĲƲڡǱߡ 
ҹһۣҧͷ𣬾ȻǮϣ 
ⲻ֪ҲƲҹǝȷʵĺùߣֻżһתͷùݷȥ 
ɽϲãǺӾȵĴԭǺѡ 
׷ǰסܴҹ 
˴ùҷѷǬݵСӣһ᷽յأͿ̧׳˶Ȳ϶ĵĸýʬζ˿գֳϧϵĴжܷŵ˻ 
ȥ⿪ҹӡ 
ϣһǰֻӣǿֲĶȥһóɹʬעǹƽ˫ֳ 
ʬ𡭡 
״Ⱦܣ֮Ųԣ죡нʬģ 
һڽֻܰ׵ٶȼ벶׽С 
ҹǵҩ 
ۿΧĹﶼҹϽжϵӣٵݣϼʻϯߺȵһߡ 
ϧǾŹȣֻԭⲽصĴϢAA 
ҹϵϲʳգһٶȴСۉա 
ҹʱԼԦĹֻϰ类Լ˯ȥڹۣΨһľǡ 
賓һﲻ 
ҹɱaĽкԶ뿪յùͷʱȾƵӣͷĿˣϴĴȫ˳ڣ׷˵ҲʮֻҸǳܽ 
ͷĿ࣬ԼٶȱǿһЩʼձһ롣 
۲ִ֮о㵣ֻͷ׷еĲǵ־ǵ飬ٲ͹˳ 
ĳҲݸֵ֮Ļּ֪ЮҸѸٵػصУ͹ıܱ߽ȥȷֺЦ 
˽壬ͷ׷޼ȴûҹӰ𣺡ҹ˰ 
ۿЩӵָӽָҲ㲻ĵزҲˣƴһȦĿյء 
;ߺҹ֣ùݽŸӳͬʱҲҹ͝Ҳ֡ 
ڸһξ룬 
òÝùǰȴͷĽʬûһҲаʮֻŲȳһ̣ʣҹֲ𾪣Զһ㣬Щһ 
Ҫȥ 
˵ļ򵥣ܡ 
֢ᱻĽŲûʣ˵ʲᣡ 
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ۿ뱻ʧϝĴʱϽǱ𶯣 
ƺƵĽʬƴ壬ЩƺҲ׷񫣬ȻûһֻתҹȫԹԵĸܡ 
СҲ̫󣬴ֻ軨ʮӾͿһȦתֻۣصùݣȴûҹӰȥģ 
ҺÝߴ׷֣һӾҵĿ꣬ҹľٶ춲ˣֻڷǰ 
Ȼû 
һ䣬Ͻ׷ϣҪǝٶȻ꣬Ҫ 
׹ĽŲԽӽûͷҹ֪Ʊʬ׷ϝĶͷŭҪͿܣⱿ 
ҹģ 
һԣ֣ȴڵľ𾪣һĭ䷢ 
ҹҲˣûҲ˰ɣھȻĽʬסһվãЩЩľҡ 
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ҹʹһãⲻ֪öԷǝܣֻǱصͷһתȥ 
ָݣδץΣûȥɿٶܿڴڵĽʬӳһԹͷ׷Ҫһˡ 
ǰͷҹңȥ 
һ̫ûˣ 
ңܱȶһáҹͷ˵ 
һڣȴͻȻЦ㱣ء 
ЦΪʬӸ׷ҹ 
죡Ϊʲᩤҹӿ죬亹ֱĴͷܿ㣬 
ǶСССչȦ׷ϼȦᣬνӳͬ·ߡ 
ͷ󺹣ٶɷɿ죬ֻ׷ҹĽʬƽж 
ҪͻȻıĿꡭ 
һĭ񣬴𣺡ͬ򣡡 
Ϊϲܿơ 
ͣȥ 
˵ܿƣͣ 
ҹ类ŵĻ겻壬ĻǵԼ³ɣɸߵĳ̣Ϊϰٵ׷ĵ취 
Ҫ취硣 
һͻָԭ״취ŵʱ򡣡 
Ҫܵɣȵڝϣŭܡ 
׳ա 
ҹ˼һתƴˣͲЩûڣóķȣĵĳѣԶһ㣬Ҳܡ 
ҹ˵ϰϵİťˮ򷢳/ɫâγһ彫 
ˡ 
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ҹţͲ֪ڽʲ᣺ҪǷ 
ΣȽָڰťϣŽˮµĴʬ٣㣬ɡ 
ǹħˮС 
һһɨԶãʹдֲ̧õϵѪŭ׼ﰢ 
֪ǷΧҹҲգ׼á 
еĹЩڵϴЩæ񱻺ϵֻţŵǱͷĽʬȻͷ­ԽԲ׷ 
һĻĻëۿǰħץסڽĽʬԼǰ𣺡Ƕң 
ʧ󡣡 
ǰĽʬѶƣµѲֵĹתҲѣЩɫŨҺմϣһŰɫԲСϣñŲϣһĵĴһŷԼһӲȱ⣬ȫƤ 
ǹĹûٳϽ˦䵱ƵĽʬֻǣĹﾹȻܻץ 
ۣץңһֵϽʬӣʹ۰ 
ɨĻҹŵľ찢ڸ 
û۾ 
Ҫϱѿ˦֮ȥҲֻʬѡһֱۡ 
ҹĹȻ޷Щʬ͸ȴҲǵٶԻЩ 
״Ͻ׷ǰĝҹ 
AϤĽлÝ˻Ӧ 
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ȰֻŪֻ֣ҹһۣǬ 
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˵ȴĝͷ̬һתҹЩ 
AAA 
˵ϝϵͷڷǰ 
Եҹڽ࣬ĻҲղʧأʱɿٶȳڱȥƾЩʬ׷Ҳ׵Զ 
˴Ĺ԰˲࿴һۣĹƮ壬ɫ״Դ͸СֵǵƤࡢգգۣĺͯ 
һͷľɫ˷ȴݸмֻ޷˳ģͷ֣̽һԵĽʬͬӰһѡ 
ԭЩõġижղ׷ʱͲǶκ 
ͷ˻ͷһֻղ׷ǵĽʬվʱĴָ³Цǡ 
ʲ̬Ȱ˵ 
ҹҲձһѹƲ𣬵Ϊȫ룬ˡ 
ɲΪĝ񣬵ߣȥƴˡ 
ƴͷҹִ輣ʱֹ޴Ϊ 
û̬ȡӵ񡢳𣡡 
ֻǼ顢׶񡢺˵ 
бۣ뵽ҹΪ̲סҸ֪ûȻҶ£һ˿ 
ҹҲ˵ˣһƹȥ˭Ҫߴ·ϢˣñЩ׷ 
㲻˯һ· 
æһ졣 
˵ʲطħĹ򡢽ʬ 
㶮ʲᡭ 
û⡭ 
졭 
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ڻָУ뿪С˳еɽߡ 
¹ǳĻҹձӵ׺ˣСԣ˾ڶȹһҹ 
ҪŽ˨׳˶ϣƳҹȥ 
ϴ衣 
յʱȰҰֻŪ 
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Σҹʾ֭þϸᣬһĵҿ 
񾭣ûץĻá 
ҵ˼ǣնҪҹָļͷ˵ɱзҲ顣 
ȥģʲ񷽷 
и򵥡 
ҹƣ۾һڴЦ˯Ƥ׼ 
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⻰˵Ŀ϶ԣֻǻ˵ֻ꣬ͻȻָץķۡ 
ᶯˣ취 
Ļа취Լ졣ҹղŵ˵΢ʣûᵱȻҪһ 
һۣѳڣԲܸı⣬˵Լҹͺ޽Եˣʲ÷ӡ 
ǽǣͻȻһЦԴжԸֵֻķӡ 
ָֻɽ飬Ťתȴֻõ֣ľ־תû¾ͳһС⡣ 
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ҹʹӣ໰ŵ죬ֻȴסľӣ˲ˢ 
33 
֪־жڿɲץץ򣬹ͷѾʾˣһ뵽µϽǰִֻҹж£ɦȴӲá 
ϸϸľݼָۣ԰׵ɫţ㣡취 
һӵʱ䣬ҹ̾СȱԴԽʹͣģѪ񾭲ֻԼӿٹĶƽϢ 
ƳǷŴͫף̽һָѶϢҹ 
ʹֺء 
ؿڱѹһʹҹп࣬ʹȴһǡ 
ȴǺ˼̫ģ֣ʲǼŷԼá 
ڴ뿪ᣬصѹؿڣʹشһʹ𣺡ʹˡ 
ˡϽı˳ 
ҹܻƳһԵĹ֣ղŵ£һ˫ӵɵϴżµָ֣ǡǡ 
ᶯˡ 
Ťεͷؽڣҹ΢ϰԵһȴ˿ա 
ˣʲֱסûˤزݵϵ³ 
ҡ۰ 
ƳҹʧȥѪɫգ׵Ĵ꣬ӣһԼӡ 
ҹɵȻֱƽʵ·ʲ᣿ 
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һƲ˵ʣֻѣȻCPR 
CPR 
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ǵһΣܰȻͲˣӡ 
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ҹͷһŷǺ 
벻ͻȻתϽͷƲҪʲἼɣ 
´ҽ㡣 
á 
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ﱻĲڣҲߡ 
 
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գֹԢⲻЦݣŵӣʲ£ 
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ǺԼ޴վ𣺡 
ȥģ 
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滻ﳯСȥҹҲβϣ;˾㵱СˣҰ֡ 
һۣҲӺΪԼиǴС󱻹Ĺֻʲȥȭͷյ 
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ҹˮڨڨ벻ξˣ´λҲҷġ 
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һһƳ棬ҹæ³ˮϼᣬŭ 
һҲΧӦȴԶʲᣡ 
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ﵱȻжС㣬СʯͷһЩˮֲȻֻˮﰵϲĶֽţת۾ѵԣΣˣ 
ҹҲͣʹĽϰŤתץ۵ֱۣЦͦġ 
ٷϻﲻܴ 
Դҩ 
뿴ŶӵٳûȡЦģû뵽ȴһСı֣Լȥ 
һûι񫡣 
죡 
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ιһҹȻͣ½ŲŴ۵ 
ĬǱǰҲҿҧߡ 
Σҹ˶˦֣תصڡ 
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ҹţץݣԵϝ 
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ηɵĲԶײͷͣȴͷۻȫ顣 
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һҹϿƮȥ·ĵܳһ죬ϡ 
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תۼҹǰǸ߰ħ壬Ǹ߸ϵĹȻϲȴҵƷ 
ϵɨҹ°ͣٿأĿһ·ľͻȻҹӣͷļâ̴͸·СףʺѪҺ˳ 
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ħſʹŤΣĺˮɫҺ壬ϢĴ΢ǻڵĻֵ롣 
ʹдҹմֻħָϵļָƬϷ׵գ絶һĿ̺ۡ 
۵ҹϾ˼⣬ϵＱĴ𣺡ιιιſ 
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뵽֮˵ˣύϵľ 
ûÍpֵ·˼ףȰſ 
粽ǰ޲Լܷȥȭǰ۵ 
 
Ƶɹħע⣬ֻκҹ½ 
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ǰĽż⣬ӣȴһ񲣬ҹϣԼ߰ɣҲˡ 
䣬Ľʣϵľ 

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ħﾱӣ۹ܹâҹϽϰɿľʰϵУһǰ 
һҹУֱ̹С棬ɻԣͣڰǻ 
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ҹĴȴ̲ݻسǰҸߡ 
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ֻҹЭȴǵħЦﲻ 
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죬ҹҪСȡ 
ҪطȴƳħеħ˳ϽǰƿУƺһԹ˼Ѷߡ 
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ˤڵصҹֻܿصأһţֽŲõߣŸշȴס 
˵ҹһԵħҲ¶飬ħ壿 
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ﻺվ𣬿ԼϵƣֵصϣŻһѪ 
ĵӣҹ治֪ǰһѻǾ䣬ħȴû˼ǣֻü䣬ѡ 
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ȳ԰ɣȽٴȥԺϡ 
ܽ塣 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
Ϊҵ廹ûָ 
̱ģȻûκβ֮ﻹʵв𣿡 
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ĹñؿϲüңЦ㿴 
ֻһ䣬ƾճһɫСڶڽǻⶫ￴ڶǱ̬ħʱ 
ɣⲻɫ𣿡 
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һɣؿ΢΢һЦг 
У 
첻͡ؿȻ뵽ỽ桤֡ 
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ȻﵹҲ̹ףҪŪûͳһЩ֣ɫСͱ˳ 
41 
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ȻǵáƲ˵ľӵȻͶˣӦѧУԡ 
ؿЦ֮ޣû֮У桤֡١ 
䣬ɫСֻ˳Ŵ쿴СڰղƷ衣 
ס𣿡 
ʲ᣿ 
ġ 
ǡ 
ѻ 
ҵģ 
ؿ΢΢һЦ֣ 
ֽʱָоĳܣգۼ䣬ɫСԶܵУǰ׵״̹С 
˯˵㲻ͻȻŨŨ˯⡣ 
Ҫѧơ 
ʲ᣿ 
ղӦøоһʧɡ 
ɵĵͷؿ˵ΪҸһЩħŻеƣۣҪ֪ħֶ֮ģԿʲᶼ룬˳о 
ܳ˵ʣȻȴҲ˵ɻԶſ˼ 
ſ˷£ûй˵֣ھȻԸоܣѪҺ֪ 
жﾪȵ˵ 
ؿ΢΢ЦţǹƵС 
ƣ 
⡭һʱؿҲ֪ԼǴδ̹ˡ 
ǸǿĺѧֻͻȻĳһСŻ磬ʵ𣿡 
ǡ쵽ģ 
Ц֮ȻĻͿ磬 
ֻеĻ𽥷ŴһϢһͳŻ򣬲ƫеػԶ 
ؿûüıʵڳԼ֮⡣ 
ȼĴЦǸķ 
ͷʵֶ 
ȻÿƣؿҲֵɣ⻹ѻشֲܾʵ֪Ȫ£һתڵ㲻˵ѧħҳ˯ʱЩħڡ 
ҲֻߣС֮ǰͳˡ 
ɵ飬ϽȻ㶮ƣְɡ 
ðԣħеȸԾħԴ类֮ᡣ 
۾һؿ˿桤滽Уǰҹ֮صǧޡ 
С𣿡 
ؿݸһЦٵֻǵֻҪʹãǵĲͬڡ 
ֻؿָе桤һףҧ 
ǱɫֻûΪСڰѰ 
ֵХԿ 
Х 
ЧؿĶ׳桤֣ȴֱֱڲݵϡ 
ûȥ治ӡϽεЦ 
ûħ 
㲻˵ֻҪгͿ 
ؿ̿סЦָģֻʽħУϡ 
ͷʾ˽⣬˵߶Х 
ٴ׳桤֣ɫСûֻлػޣһҧɫС̶ļСҲʾֿ췴 
ۣˣǸ鲻ã 
˵ĹָǾԷӣ빥棬ֵȻ뷨ȥ 
񡣡ЦȷʵֻС֪˭ȽӮ棬û뵽޾ȻԼ˼ 
еͬɱ䣬ﰴ䣬桤ֵļ˻ķͻȻϥһһ¡ 
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ؿ״ϽֻСǰðɡ 
ܲǿķŻĸо 
ղŵûסڵħХӰĴܶѲĶ֣ΣգҪסսΣڵҵ֪𡣡 
ͷȴ˵ǲܷĺͼɡ 
ɣķԿ 
ӯµʵ͸ȫһ㣬Чؼãֵ춺 
ﾲϢκչĻƾ֮ƿڵֱƵˣŻſۡ 
ʱȴڰգЦ٣Ȼá 
ȻʹħĵȻԼʲ񽣶֮ᣬƾԼķСĳԷж 
ؿҲţЦ 
ιᣬŻص棬Цڿǰɡ 
ǰ 
˵ĿҶˡ 
ѧɣﵱȻдһ£ϱؿһɡ 
ؿԼ𾪣Լܸ֣һ϶ܾҪ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ΪҲ롣 
ƲҲ֪ġ 
ɣֵĵˣٽҾͺˡ 
㻹ҪҪԡܾЩɨˣҲЩ 
ؿ˵ʹаٰ㲻ԸҲֻܵͷӦ 
˳ģﲻץǴΣҲǲһЭηĿԼͷʵˣ 
ؿҡҡͷҲ 
ʣΪʲҪң㺦£ 
ССԴ˼£ҡ 
ϲ̹ףҲ̹׹ͷ˰ɣһ㶣ͷһ㶼㣬һϲ 

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ỹ¡ 
˷ЦݣЦħ̬ӣЦںÿٱʵڵӺԭʼģࡣ 
𣿡 
ͷ絷⣬ϹӶĳԶ 
㲻ϲؿЩ 
ҵ˼ǣħ̬ܰЩߺŪӦûкܶϲġ 
ҲҪϲֻҪϲ͹ˡ 
Ļɦɦͷݲݽ⣬ѹģжວ˿¡ 
ٶҪ£ؿֻд裬ʱԱؿ˵ʹּ尾ħ޷۵£ֻҪԲע⣬ͻᱻǱڱ壬¿Ʋס 
￴ˣ֪ڳǿħᣬƵҺҽУڽֹУӦħĴڣշ硣 
ؿıָе棬˵ûϼʱ⣬û뵽Ȼ죬ᡣ 
ԺֿǶýħǸѲ硭 
ؿһŤа뷨ŵʹͬʱֻ桤ֳڿһˣȴЩЮħѹǿ桤ֵ 
ۼ﷢оȻŻˮɫ壬ŵĳУ桤ϵֻССһµ 
һסӣŲ춷¥⡣ 
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ֻǻӦȴ͵ϮӦ벻£ɰمԶ 
ǵһαħУ˵ξԱ֮ǰʹϼٱпҪȥĸоڳ£ֻܾ㵵ĿССӰǰһڣȥ 
类ǳѵҹһԿ˺һڿղˣİٰζһ࣬ûѧʲħ 
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ε˼ﱻأҹΪԼۻСһ֣첽ǰ̽û뵽ٵĻɱ 
һͱ˵ڵأĿ¶⣬ҹвգۼ䣬Ѵ 
 
ҹһʹͬʱؿһԣϽΡ 
ҹųһ亹żµ 
ؿҧüƵƵ漴ȥ 
ܶԴ򵽶ܾˣ 
ҹ¥ߵĝҪǿȥǲܵģ÷Ѳ 
ħǵťɡ 
һðһԣֻˮϱؿɵİ°ť 
Բ뺦һǸУûеڶؿԼ㿼ȰѱؿŪ˵ 
ˮ͹£ˣһģҹƵƵҡͷ̾ 
ҿû취ǣ취 
ؿԸ취ȴֻǰŪڣ˹ȥ 
ҹ룬ӦֹһѣԼ֮ңҹ硣 
ҹҹһľŻ 
ҹ 
ȥԵƿڴ뵽Ǹ˻Ͻʵھﲻ 
ҲӦ˰ɡӣ˱ؿеλЩƣûʲ󰭡 
ҹҿǱħϰߣ˰ɡ 
ǡﱻЦٱ£Ҳ±ײˡ 
ﱻħεĵø룬ǳֱײûֻֶϽŰˡ 
ֻһ˵ȴǵҹˣ´ΣҾԲȥײ㣬ĺˡ 
 
˭Ϊ 
ҹüͷһЦȷʵЩãͲ֪ʲᡣ 
ι˯ǣ 
ŷֱؿһǣССһš 
ԼҪȥǱߵġ 
ʵȻҹԣǱؿ룬ðۣŲʱ˻ۣͬĵĽȥ 
ǰŷִһֱ³ˮɫӱ쳣㵵 
֪ˡ 
硭 
ŵı鿴ҹҪʵ磬ҪȥŰ ͯĵ˻᲻̫ûˣҲ֪Ծ㻹˯ȥ 
ǣûģУ㻹ɡ 
ʱԼҽǣӦҲû취ڵһƲ죿 
𡣡 
 
ȻΪҲ֮ҹ˵Ȼ 
ؿƣͼħҽֻһˣݲĶͽһЩħᣬɫʵ᲻ˣ 
ҹû⣬ֻܿ϶ؿ˹³еһʱҲ˵ 
̾һȽǱСС̺Ӱóͼ 
ͼʲ᣿ҹ 
ûд򡣡 
ʲ᣿ 
Ȼ˾ 
鷳ܲû¡ 
ҹһۣ鷳£Ѫ߶ũҲ򣬸½ħԴء 
ԭһ˵ЦƵˡ 
ҳ𣡡ҹָһԵıؿôԼЦҲ湫ӣСħϼٱ 
ŭĸ죺ȥҹܲǰũ 
ҹȴֹĵ˲ʿʲᣬϢ 
ûұؿ 
˵꣬ҹѳʻϯȥ;еι鷳ˣҹҪ·֪ûеơ;Ҳû·𡣡 
̿סЦ˳ͻȻǵӿڶģҲǵģȴ̹ס 
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Ȼؿ̽ҪǣԼ£ֻҪ뵽ϰͬһ꣬ͿĲ֮ 
ҹ̾һƣѵһ顣 
֮ǰԲΪ·գȴر⣬ԶһƬ֪Լĵӣҹִ£ϝĲӣ˿¶ԼһЩ 
ʹͬʱһ̺ 
ɣ˯һ 
ҹƳһۣڵĻı飬ҲҲԼµı֡ 
ǲÿħᣬʹڵĻҲܿǿſڝϣһСӣ̲ס˳ 
ҹܾǸȥȷºڣĪҹ 
ʲ᣿ 
ҡ 
ĻشһЦ˳ҹƲ죬㲻롣 
ʲġֳıп֮ 
ҹһ̾Լ˵ͷȥҿȥҲýˣŮˡ 
صȥ˵ҡ˾ˡ 
ǣСȻҼҾһ 
һۣҲֻţ⼸챻СС鷳һţҲûfϾʱ룬Ȼ⣬ѵûᰮ 
˵˰ɡ 
㲻ܶ˹ᰮһ仰Ҳ졣 
Ҳҹ鳡ɱ֣ĸŮӹҵĹۡ 
ǻա 
ȥģȥһҪȥʶʶʲ 
ĵǷ㻹ǽȥ˯ɡ 
Ҫؿ档 
ҹƲ˵ɲһΣϵ̺ӣ洵Ҳȥðա 
˭Ƚ鷳 
㲻 
԰Ҿǲ˯ 
Լ˵Ļ£ﲻݸþòҹ滳ɫõҹċŮҵСܳ 
Ϊתˡ 
һγʱĳĬҲٳѵõԼŵĴǰ֡ 
СһֱĴڣ͵Ҳһ߰СŮ˹ϵУ԰ŮҲ÷ĹϵһƱѵףһеȻеķǳ˳ΨһвľϲѧУʹڵǶʱԶ 
Ӱǣдʴ˵ÿϲĳʸ⣬ѵõļԼһۺ˼ 
ǵĽģʽһʱ˴ͬС죬浾Ÿ֮Ůϵ𻨣Ҳй˳۵ദģʽƺ˵㼤飬ȻȽǰİ 
²ķֻǽⷢӣﰵԾȥһú̸̸ 
ͷعֻҹϽ˽˯ˡ 
˯ﲻΪǣƷգȷ࿴ۣһǱ̬ϲף޾ԣҲΪ棬꣬еģȻó̵鷳²ֹ 
ũһħΪĳżɼɵߵ࣬洦ɼͷСĹ̸УŰеȹģĳ򣬵еùݡƼҡԲ٣½Ҫ֮һҲʳĹϵ𰢸ũó̻ 
ũиɫǾ񶷳½ǺϷұõһˣϲѪ ȻĹû¾ũۼЩỨ´ʵĽǮӶħЩھϻʤΪԼӮùʡ 
ӽ磬мȻ֣Сɤӽò֡ 
ӵмͻȻģҪעĿӴ 
˭˭򣿡һ㷷ʵ 
һϷˡ 
ǻиͷ𣿡 
Ϸ˭Ҷķ 
Ҳһݡ 
Ҳǡ 
һⷶ˷׷ó΢ˣзѡֻ˺ 
ۣϷӮˣǱšȺм˵ͳ򷨿ˣѹϷ硣 
ٶ˴Ц䶨ˡ 
İɡ 
ǰ˵ѺעŵǴ 
˳ִﰢũᣬȽפùݣõϰæ£ҽʦ鿴ؿ״ȴ˵ȻҪҸħʹԣǣڰúûԲѵıؿᣬҹѰħʹ;ȴֶľ²Ĳһš 
Gֲá 
ǻʼһӳΪֹܼ˵ˣԷħҲսʤ 
ǰϷûӮ 
СӣǮ̫͸һ 
˵ĵ٩һЦԲľ 
Ǯ˶Ʊᣬʵҵĵħʹ 
ħʹһѣҪĿҪһ˷ָԶ׶ν 
ЩħģƻͲˣҪǾˣѡһ˵ 
һ˵֪ÿħʹͻﲻ뵽ڹŰĵͽҲǹһ׷ɱ 
֪λãҲڶԽֵĲ̼ҿҹӰٲǰ 
ⶫ˷Ǯռռ䡣ŸյִҾͿͳ˸ˣ϶˶ͷ 
ҹһ޾뿪ҡ 
磬ӵʹ۵չѣſ۷ԼȻϣ䵱ͷϰΪѹĵ磬ҹðѲڶԼˡ 
ڣҹ˯Ѿ֮࣬Ͳٱ 
һ·ҹŻͷһʣȥģ 
Ϊ㲻㿪֡ 
ЦָԶȥǣ˴˵һħʹ 
˳ָķȥҹ֮׶Ӱ 

44 
ũ½ħУľǮfĹԼӶħʹ 
ũһΪ׶ӰǷǹٷӪӶ 
Ӷ˼ǲڵأǼëƤĹΣյҵʵ֡ 
ЩôϲĹϲڣʵӶھʤҫ 
ĿǰڹĿֵӶѪߡƺŵӡ 
Ѫڰũ֪жϣԼĹɣ뵱ȻӶɾͺ֮ǣڣɲǷ룬ټû˼ѪߵսʽɵҲ࣬ˣѪ߶Բǹǵˡ 
УӦòʱ䣬׶ӰͷȴѾۼٺӣⷶf֮Ƭݶ 
Ӷܲռ¥½ĸ߽¥㣬һ¥м򵥵Ĳ˵Ľ̨ȡͽС͹̨ԼҪĹ¥ǹίйĶ䣻¥ȥҲֻħʹлᵽǢͽļѹ 
ħʹڽǢͨҸͬıȡͽ𣬵Ȼ˵ĸ߶ΣնҲ 
˵һò׺׳ӡ 
˶ޡڽĺӴǻ˵ 
˵ģҪʶħʹҲȥԿĻͿ帣ˡ˵е̵ӡ 
ͻȻ˺GGG˵Ѫ߽Ҫ¥񡣡 
˵꣬˿ʼͷӶеıֻ̬Ц 
ħʹչʤ¥ļħʹ˿ʼܲѪ߾ħֻרҡ 
ҿͿѪߵѶ 
ǿѽ˵⻰˲ѪߵǣһԸļһʲ 
˵Ȯ 
ȻȮĳȴǲСħ 
̶ֳȵħҲԽ 
ⷶͻȻôЦΪ⻰˭˵ԣƫƫ˵⻰ǳһմӹ 
νһմӹάΰԵĻϧλ糤ͷĿϲûһλҪƸ 
˳Цʱٿ 
ˣ蹵ĹòҲѪ׬ȥ˰ɣ 
ǹǻû˽˵ҪĿϵħء 
ϵħ塭 
֪Ѫн⹤˿հ 
۷׷ϵħ˽Ϣⷶ뵽һֻ͹Ѳοϵħ塣 
ԭũǿӶѪߡǽ׶Ӱһʱ 
Ϲ˭Ѫǿģ 
á 
һñӵǰСӣģ 
ǰݸ˶ϲһʡ 
СӣҲǿģƵ꺺Ӵ 
ӵһͬԵֻӶǣԳǿߡ 
Сӣɶ֡ñӵûϹ壬Ǻ 
 
ҽ˹ 
˹Ӷйϵɵѣǰʱ֮˵ܵвÿӶɶսѣǵ֮ 
˹ƳһԵҹᣬѰԽǵĳӵܣֻҹʳڣ棬ԼίйǣҰɣԿ䣬뵽ҵֽͷû뿪塣 
ЦҪһħʹ𣿡 
˹еܵԼжƽľħһ˵ڲҲʹҪˣǿЦݣħû취пЧ͵ٺɡ 
˹ʱⷶĿⲻԼͬĴڸսĺϡ 
ˡ 
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ѵ񣬽ϵ͹̨ϴ˴Ĺ 
̨ӵ˶ӣ¾ͽȷϹϵݣĴ׼һö 
ǰɱжΧֿʼ 
Ǽһɶ񶼽ӡ 
̨İöͷ­ȷϣַŻСʱٹ 
ûػһķڲȴ 
Ѫߣڽ˹ 
ǣǲܻӭġ 
˹˵ûֻѪߵΧѾգЩԼͷ˿ʼơ 
ҹߴȥ 
׶Ӱһοڣֻ˶߻֮鷳 
Gȥ 
ѪŮ˹ֻҳѣȴֹǵΪ 
˺ܻѪͬѪߡ 
ҹһײֻúƤ׷ʣħ𣿡 
ϸŷѪ߸˵ɷȥӢţȴɢ˲ıɱ 
ͦ˧ģֲжʡ 
һ䣬ȴҹһǰۺͶӵı塣 
۵Ѫߣʱðλվ𣺡С˵ʲᣡ 
˵СҲĵ 

45 
˵κӶСһţȴͻɫȷʵʺһظС 
ǹҾǡѪŭ˵ 
Ǹ˼ 
ۿҪ¶ˣҹٳĬһԵҲϽ㲻ǡ 
ʶ࣬ѪλãҪίй¥Ǽǣҵ߷Χ 
ǲίйġ 
ˣҹһ˵ûӦˣ˵Ͳ֪ǲǶħ 
ûʱ䣬û¡ 
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ѪͻȻվϬĿڴȵҰƽһ 
˼ۺ죬ѪĶʡԣһӣһ׵ѳ̤׶ӰȥֻݲȵıܿѪ߿Ц 
ǻЦƨ 
ɣءգۼѪǰɷЦݡ 
ҲҪʣѪҧг˵ 
ܴ˵ۣǼһȻħʹ 
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ۿһ׵ħȥӵӶȻһС֣㻹֪֪ܣ 
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˶Ϊ϶Ҳʵͬʱֻ׵ħ淴ȥ 
δɢ׵Ѫ߷ȥۿתѪ߲ӦܵһˣܿԼĹͷϷˣ汻׵У˲Ʈһ㡣 
СҲħʹ˾ 
𣿿ûгġͻȻھһóľͷ׵˸ӡ 
Ѫ߳ûĿʧ 
ϡƽ˵𱬣̸̸𣿡 
Сװʲߣ 
͵Ѫٶȷʱ̨ĺվ𣺡ס֣ 
ˣñֹҡ 
Ѫ߷޷޲ƽи˵ĺӵֻ֧ͣҲܣܸøͷɰɡ 
ἰѪߵ˿ΣһڣԸ 
һߣǸ˵ʵһжҪңڵũǰи˵ֻҪӵŮˣͻ֧һʱ꣬Ҿ˳ְǸŮˡ 
˻ҪڣȴѪһ𣺡ұ죡 
Ǵ֪ⷶءʼһЦʮСħ 
Ѫߵ׺Ŀ⣬٩٩˵Ů˳ع֣ͷĽǣһ˫ֲۣҪؽ 
ͻȻڿշֻѪ˫ֿħ˹ 
б¾ٵҿ 
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Ȼ߼ħҲóģ 
ļһⷶĬʮۡ 
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ҹҲʵĳӶõĽӼס 
δⲨһӴ󾪣Ȼֵ 
⻰ҲѪߵľ̾ 
ҵˡ 
ܾûֵ쳣гĶʱ䲢ֻ૵ΪȻ֮彵֮١ˮ֮񡭡 
ԼĲģⲻ֪Ѫ߼ħ 
꾪ȵĺΪħʹȻ֪ħжǿ 
ס֣嶯 
Ѫѵ¶ЦݣԴһаȡ 
䣬״ˮ£ 
£⻷ı仯˲ 
ͱܵԶϷҲԸвףϽҹԼᣬȻħǲӦû赲һ 
ǹ̨廹fµʵˣɱǸŮ˵صڣ 
蹵 
𰸣˰һЦλϣȴǳԾĵһ 
Ƴڽ˹ǰʵҵķӦţ 
蹵Ǹħ壬ߵĺܣҲӦΪ½Թ 
սУ˹⽫ѹͣͨħ岻ЩӶħʹԸС϶Ǽ 
˻صҹԣһʣ·Һ·˱𣿡 
ҹɨһۣѪߵϵĵһӦСӰ 
˵Ľ̸һϣع󺣵Ĵ 
ͣɱ𣿣˺ 
Ѫɲᣬ۵ʮָһӡһһ֣ˮ֮̾Ϣٽ 
ǵͼûƷСˣ߿һ 
ħͬʱʼUӵذðˮ飬дСˮˮӦϣγϸտ͸ˮ̬ 
ʹͬʱѪ߽ϽˮҲʼۼ۳ŮϸĽסСȡȡϸֱۡιᣬǰǸ͸״Ůԡ 
46 
ǣ 
ˮ֮Ů񡭡ҧ´ѪߵΪ 
տ͸ˮ֮Ůӵ˰Ѫߣر˫ߡ 
ӦǶħǰѹ£Ȼ˶˵⻰ħʹ 
ǻʲᣬЩħļһﻹ취ֹȡʤĺļߺȡ 
˵ļ򵥣ĵˡ 
Ҫͷû˸ǿͷƽʱħħʹӶң޶Բߡ 
Ȼⷶ뿪ˡ˹˵ 
γѣɿسſڱȥһڵȴߴ׳˶ɳ 
ӵģǹǽ𣿣 
аٴγԣμһĽ 
ǿᡭ 
ûõġ꿪ֹЩ˵ײǽΪ 
ĳħʹŭ㻹˽磡 
ħ͸½磬кβԣ 
ѪЦһȻģһǸ⣺ҪСס۰ũ޹գֻίˡ 
ũİձһӵӶȷǺָħʹʱ 
磿ʲᡭħһŲ֪Ӷ 
һħʹ˵гĶռ䣬ڽڷκ¶Ӱ磬ʹڵĽƻֻʣһשһߣڽҲָԭòȻҲ⣬һжÿߵʩŽṹ 
Ҳ˵ˣȽҲָ 
ɲáһħʹ䣺˵ڽȥҲ޷ 
ʵӶ˽Ϊȵ²仯 
ʵ 
ѪߵĿڣϢԴֻ΢΢һЦΪ֮ĻСӮңǾͲҪû취ֹĻұ֤ǲ̫ʹࡣ 
ħ 
Ҿ͵͡ѪЦԽ⣺֮Ҳƽ̫ࡣ 
ĹЧͣɡ̾˵ 
Ҫ̫Ը 
Ѫ߻˵ͬʱָᵯ᷽ˮ֮ŮͻȻ˫ۣϵữɱ¾Ҵܵˮֵ˻ 
ˮ 
һֻˮ֮Ů֮裬ӯеŮˣԸˮҲ趯ֿꡣ 
 
ûгĵ£ħһƬ״ķְǰˮ׷ױˡ 
ܹʹ֮ܵѪ߻ǵһμһףǵ͹ˡ 
ֹͣⳡûĶٴ˵ 
Ѫ˿ûֹͣ˼ڶ 
ˮ˻ĹʩߵѪ߾֮ܡ 
ϮˮͬʱѪ´ 
ָˮ֮ŮͻȻֹͣӯˣ峺˫ͻȻѪ죬һͷˮɫ㷢𣬱¶͸壬ϡɼָָɫѪ豣ըɸߵĺХһ߰˶źѸٵسꡣ 
ССİ̲ס㡣 
һֻˮƳ֮ܣҧӣѪҺѸ 
ˮ֮Ů񼴽͹꾹Ȼսԣˡ 
ʲ᣿СӴ/ɱ 
˶ΪԼͬʱһת漣֡ 
ѪҺڰջͼڣдʣִߡ֮ӡ 
׺ݱˮ֮ŮĪĿʼΣˮƮͼĴҴܵˮҲһ˽ȥеĹͣ 
ˮ֮ŮˮȫᣬͼھȻʵ廯һͬĴСԲС 
ǰɣ 
Ѫҧŭɣǿ˾ţ֮ץħȻӡˡ 
ǹˣ 
ܲԸ룬ȹħʹܱˮϮ 
겢ûش⣬ҡ壺ˣҪˮ飬ôӦһ¡ 
ӲҪˣϲȥ 
Ѫ߿ҪըȻһСϣ﷭˵һ硣 
ħʹ˵һһжָԭȵӣȴͱٻĲͰɡ 
һлָԭ״ҲӡԼʵѹ 
ǿ﷢̾Ըѧϰħ˵ⳡսǳ硣 
ҹЦѪעҪСӰϡ 
47 
С쵽ģۿΣ˹ĵ 
ͬħʹӶҲв˼飬ǰ꾹Ȼ׾ٵŤתơ 
ӶɲΪ˴£ħⶫа 
ЩħģŰ߰㡣 
ЩѪ߲˿ʼĦȭƣӽҪúýѵ㣡 
ûƷͶˡ 
֪ 
һˣȫѪߵǿһġˣȭͷģʮһǰƱҪѪ߇Ƥ֮ࡣ 
Ƭ̹ᡭ 
׳˶ģ׺ݵģȫڵϿ컨壬ᱻ̵Ķ㲻þãиһԼ 
ᡭǿ 
ֻʹħ𣿡Ӵ󷢲⡣ 
˵ħʹ𣿡Ѫ߷ʡ 
ڽ죬ԼѪߵʵδӣٲ 
Ѫ̵ͽתҪȥϽ׷ϣGȥģ 
ûˡѪ˵ 
Ҫ׷ϣȴҹùˡ 
Ǳؿ 
ֻҹһתȥһЦæ𣿡 
Ҫʲᶼû˵ƵƵͷһĸһߵεεĿ 
һ̬ 
ڽ࣬ҹ綼ͬ𣿡 
£ҹһȭǵ︹һʹüһ䡣 
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ֻҹȻڴ֣ͥĵջһƤһ·ϿⱣ־룬װʶ 
ڣ˽յ˫ûֿĿԷȫϵĲ͸ 
ǬȶüĿҲÿʱص㡣 
һ죬Ͻ뿪Ŀ⣬ǰ̽ҹͻһǰۡ 
ķӦǲԣ 
겻شֻؿƤ̽̽Ĺ壬ٰĶͷʮСҽ 
Ƭ̹ᣬʵħ壿 
ء 
ճҹͻȻס죬ȵ飬ħ壿ǰɣɽħ﹥ȡ 
ҹһǣǲħ壬ϾΪ˾˵ģǼȣ塣 
ɴƿΪʲҪѣĴ𣺡ҹʹ 
ҹһŲԻᣬתʱˮģСӰ㲻Ǹ֮˰ɡ 
ͷٶʵĿʼΪؿˡ 
ҹٽJ˳⡣ 
һԶ뷿䣬ҹ̿סЦ˳Ӵǽڣ档 
Цʲᡣ 
ҹЦ۽ǷᣬЦµĻۣ̫ˡ 
Цֵʱʵؿħ壬ΪʲҪ˵ѣһʲ㸺𣿡 
ҹaЦݣûɵһ󣺡ŸòϲСħɡ 
񾭡 
ĳﲻ֪ĴЦ˵Ҫȣ̹ףƽ⣬˯ãƢ 
žһϴʹУĵ٩Ҳŭ 
֪ƢദȻƽҲ죬ȻҶ֡ 
һѻľסȭͷȥۿſֻ׾Ҫһèۣȴҹͻһͣ 
Ҫȥ˵ħ塣 
ʲ˼ 
ҹʱΣ֣ڨЦЦΪСӰȱؿỹҪؿɱؿСӰӣ޿ϡ 
ɴۣ޷˵ʳ倣ãſʵΪʲ᣿ 
ʲΪʲᡣ 
ΪʲؿҪɱСӰΪʲؿ 
ҹݸµķչ˵ؿǵ߸ħַʲ֡ 
ǡħ 
û߹𣿡 
˵ȻСħҲֻĹˡ 
ڲ͸ˡ 
һۣﻹǲܽܣǰֻЦѿһ㣬ñԼѣʲ߸ħ 
һ뵽µҪñɱ³ĳʼٸߣ㻹ûͬģѾˣ㻹 
ֻðɡ 
ҹһۣЦ˵Ҳɱ 
ʱҪɱ 
³̲סΪۣɱ 
ҹ㣬ȴ֮ǰħ̬ʱȷʵǾӵĴɻĿˡ 
ԼʧԣҹϽ˵˵Ҳţ㣬Ȼ鹹˰ɡ 
˭˵ġɿԼû鹹硣 
ûоͺáҹֵ㣬ؿûᱯۡ 
֪ 
ǰҶˡ 
ͷһᣬƲͷͲܰĺһ𣿡 
ιϲ˰ɡ 
ڰ׳ʲᣬ֪ܵһܲں 
᲻þͺ־룬ȵҪȥʱ޵һѱһᡣ 
һǰۣһźϺϵ 
⸱ģҹЦȴҲŵȻȥٸģ˰ɡ 
õĴ𰸣ͷΪ֣ȵȥҪһ䷿Լ˯ 
Ϊʲᣡ 
ûΪʲᣬȻؿһ䣬Լ˯ 
УʧȻóһʱûٷȴҲҹĺýڡ 
ǡ 
ҹٴκմаĳȥ 
Լߡ 
48 
СӰȷһףȻ֪ΰ쵽ģĳؿѾָвЩ塣 
СӰĳ͵ȻߵҹĿֻཻ˳ȥ±ؿùڡ 
СӰȥҲʮ˵ȱؿף벻ҹȻеȥ޷޲ƽЩ 
мգֻСǿȺľһ 
ϵĶעȻעţȻѾţǮҲˣôҪ֪ 
һȺС壬ǰһʣ磬ⳡ˭Ӯ˰ 
ųڣܴԹ̾Ϣ 
˿ˡ 
԰űȥˡ 
С޶Ǯûˡ 
һСͷȴӣŭҡĹסıȿȡ 
һƨģĵŶ¹ӣˤڵء 
簢Ҳȸ˭Ӯˡ 
ʷԴŭ˵Ϸ硣 
֣ߺһЦı߻Ǯ 
ⷶľ⣬һ˶Ļкɫʮ˫ɱĿ׷ͶϣĵСӣŰ 
ŷԼΣϲ飬͵˵СϹеģֻ¶ʮˣСһ¶ѡǺǡ 
ɱ˳棬ĸ˵ʵʽһ⼸Ǯʵ 
һڣָԶĵ½ڣӮǮȥǱߣⰭۡ 
һ϶Ϊȴ쳣壬ֻЩ岮үʵ̫ŷѡ֣ȻϷҲм 
һͿ̨˵˽£ׯӦּŶԡ 
磬Ǯ߰棬˼ء 
۽һ̧ӵ۵Ϸģ 
ǰ 
ƱҲٿ 
ιᣬ˵һֻţ򷨿ˡ 
ߣ 
ﾪ˻ɱȴ˵ļһ˾Ϳ 
Ǯ֣Ҳٶ˵ŭǳ¡ 
תȥһӭ 
һ磬ýŲӣһͷ΢ַƾ䣬߹˵ЦݣͶ 
ӮǮ˽Ųͣ˻ͳ˵ɤ 
ﱧ΢ЦǮ 
Ӧ֮ȴͻȻЦĲã红Ӱĵٺ٣ͦ۹ģȾơ 
Ҳ֮ˣƽʱͻԼԻһӦʣһ뵽ؿùδѣǺȾƽѵʱ򣺡ˡ 
ңܿ͸㶨˸ûľܾ 
㶨 
ֵĴǻһ£ֻȻ̨ͬһ棬Ǯ 
϶Ʊͬʱ˷ܳʮɷֳˡ 
˼״һЦǰ֣Ӯ٣ 
Ҳ֪Щ˴ˣɱڣһתóʮָֻþòŵڡ 
ֲá 
ѹһϰֵӣԼĶͷȲϣȵȴԼأ 
ߣлһ˻ӻ֣ⳡ棬Ҳ 
صùݣ֮ƵϲҲ˷Ȼδ飬Եûѣ 
ֻǻû˯죬ͱѹϵѣ̧һϱؿ԰׵ 
ûĲ 
£ֵҪԶ𣿡 
ⶼòӦȴǱʣв𣿡 
ң 
Լӣûа 
ʹɡ 
˵ʲ᣿û˯Ѿȥ˯ 
û˯ѵ㡣ؿһƲһǵʧش㣬Ĳʹ𣿡 
ร˵ǸȻ򣬵Ȼʹ 
ԲҲǹġ 
ͷǸʧЦ˯һˣ 
ҡҡ 
£է֮Ҳǿȣ˵ͲҪ˵ţҸ˵Ӯ˶򷨿ˡ 
˵Ҳֻ˷ϲðˣ٩٩˵ڰũһУؿǾ 
һʱᣬ߽β½г̱档 
Ψһ˳ۣҹͽСӰȥˣ 
˵ϸǰѻԽǣȥԶףӮǮ 
ף֣ؿ¶ЦݣƵƵͷ 
ũķݣһɽ亣ζǶҹҲԲЩȣӻһֽӹ 
ҪУؿƳһۣͼֹ˷Ϊ 
Ȼ˵Ŀ϶һԵȺԸĴӹǵõľ 
Цûף 
ؿǵϴڹŰҲǺȾףǴףʶȻǾƵζȴȵĺܿġ 
õټϲˣñؿеů㣬ῴɵɵЦ 
Юһߴʲ㶣 
úóԡ 
ǱؿԹóԵʳóԵﶼġ 
óԾͿԡ 
ؿͷʳȴ˸ղŵζЩơ 
ڼ¶ᣬЩ̰Ŀʼ׷ƣһӵĲȻʣһ룬Ҳˡ 
ؿҲĵĸϲϺӡ 
ʱͻȻļ磬ɣã˵ȾƵġ 
㰢һЦӮڵ˶ 
ӺЦ崺磬ƳһԵıؿʵܵܣ 
ܵܣһתЦǰɡ 
Ųǣؿ𣬾ѡ 
ϲõʱȥŭͻȻֵĵߡ 
ľЩʧʵܵܰҵܵʲ᲻ã 
ӹһЦҲһţСȤ 
Сѣ 
ؿ˫۾͹ĵҧгݵĽȭ״ϽĿڣѡ 
Цĸ󣬾ٱȾƺȾƣףӮǮ 
ԣףӮǮӮСǮ 
ؿðɣһתףؿָ 
شʣؿЦҲ˵ףûҴ 
һҺ壬Ц֪ı﷽ʽ⣬һҲˡ 

49 
ƹѲֵĵˣһûҽܡ 
ƱҪڣȴ֣Ϸ԰ɡ 
ɣ֪ 
һЦ˱ˣʵڲ֪ĸɵӻǧĸѡ֡ 
ٺ٣۹ⲻ֪һӮ 
պеġ 
Ȼһºϲ˳ƫƫϹèӣ˱Сơ 
Ӯ٣ 
ˡ 
Ҳ˵ףָӦòɣлдһ¡ 
ðȷϷԴ٩ 
ҵŵǽ򡣡 
ϷЦٴξٱҲƴǵһ 
ֻһԵıؿԽԽ̽еļҲĿɬѺȡ 
ҪȥˣؿͻȻվ 
ˣ 
ȥ 
һ˵ǰͷʵ 
ؿȴͷϣֻòݲݸϷ磬˵ʹؿùݡ 
;Уؿ֣ߵĲͱؿĳ࣬ѹĿ⣬˾ܺõֵܡ 
ֻ֣Աؿ˵Ѿ㹻ˣӦЦʱȴo˦֣һתͷ·ȥ 
ؿ 
ֻûָͣҲͣ½ŲϷ磬ǡ 
ϷһЦֺԩûǰֻǷһѡ 
ҲЦڲŷϷβᣬϽؿСѹ£ʵҪȥģ 
иʮֵùݣҪȥϷ˵ĿĵأΪԼ塣 
ҲҪȥǣȻͬ·ǾһɡԼ 
·ؿҲٿֻǽ֡ 
ÿһ֣͵ǲǲͷ 
ЩĿϷĽ𱻳谮ıؿиж˵Ǹá 
ؿһҲǻ΢΢һЦ 
ҴҪ΢һͺˡ 
Ϸ⻰˵ĸпǧߵЦЩɬһ̾Ҳ 
һùΪʮ֣֪ϷסùݺͬҪ̤ȴؿֹ 
ǾٶϷ翴ǶֵҪʶȤ뿪 
ʲ£Ϸһߣ 
û£ֻǲһ𡣡 
GϷ˲ҲദǸԽѡ 
ǴΪҲϣؿܺúദٵԼȥᣬһˣϧؿ 
Ҳϲؿͷһ˦Խȥùݡ 
ԭأ΢ҹΪʲΪĿ޸еߣѹһħҲûУŲᲽҹ˵ĽɣҲͻЩ 
뷿ᣬ˻δ飬ӵıؿڴϣǰʵǲ᲻Ϣ 
ؿŲŲӣɻشϣһ˫ֱ 
ֹģЦ˳ǿЦ⣬¾˵ 
ҡ 
ҡ־ᷴ˵Ҳߴ٣͵ڣֻǵ˯ȫˣϹǷһŴȥ˵˵ʲ˵ 
ؿ´ĴϣһʵʣѺ͵ܵʲ᲻һ 
ΪĪ¡ 
飬ЦͷҲȥȴǷһ 
һգһҹδ߼Ͼƾ¸û⣬ٵˣ˵ 
ؿҧкܶɻܵܺСܲ˯ӣһӣϢʧˡ 
ڱؿ뿪ûã춻ϲõСӰùݣϱССսƷлĴͷҹս֮һ 
СӰķţҹİԼᡣ 
طֻ˯죬һŴȴյСħӦùԹԻȥˣ䲻˿ 
װսƷȴ˵ķַ飬һմ£µͷİѽŲȥһҲ۷ˣһգԶþĺ 
ҹ룬ҹһϵĴȵģͷһŨŨľĽΣŷֲԾſֹۣͣ 
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˦˦ͷҹ룬һԾ´мҵ˳ȥ 
̨Ҫһ䷿ʱǳͬ顣 
˯ټĴϷͷƾòԾͺʲᣬвͬŵ㾹ȻȲһҹʱŷ֣ϰ˷ָ 
벻ߵʼ˼ɫȴԽԽأüͷԽԽþã³һ䣺ޡShit 
ũҹȹŰǷ飬ȴҲСɫ춾ۼٹĹϵҹҹϸٲˣΪӶжǣ˯ľͻһ߳۵ƷŮ˾ 
ʹãʹѣҲƽż¾ţȴ쳣ڰҹУСƻϣУ춷һҹ֮䣬ũĺƽʱȾһŨѪ ζ 
򱩵ĹԱɲʮΪλĴѲ졣 
ķӶе죬龰ĽͷӶ 
ǳʲ£ྯѲߡ 
Ӹ˯ѣ֪ƨ 
GܶˣǵѲٵֶ˵ҹɱ˴١ 
ħ壬Щ˿ɲ˯ɱġ 
ޣħĻĻܻƨ 
԰ħ嶼ѪģĿֻɱһЩ˶ѡ 
˽ũոµһ죬ȴҲһա 

50 
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õ극һƬֺ壬˸߿һǵ֪һȵȴⰲֻǵͷʳ 
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ʵ͵ȥıؿһͿ˯죬֪ 
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Ұ㡣 
ؿ֣֪ҪħԼȴ˻ˣȵϴ裬ȵûˡ 
ܾñؿеãҧʳ￴ 
￴ͿԼ춼¶ǣЦԶСͲ 
Ϊʲ᲻Ұ㣿ؿԴŭ 
ءҲɱħҡ 
ŵı飬٩䣬ֻж࣬û뵽ȴ̬ȡ 
㻹ûشҡ 
ûȤƲ˵㲻պã𶯲ħ 
ؿͻȻЦԭǵҡ 
ȻΪʲ᣿ 
ҡҡͷϵЦݱĸӲãҺøˡ 
鲻еȴͷһطϢԡ 
㡣 
һۣȻδйķУ˦˦ͷɵĴԼ 
ڶ˹Ͻʱöһƣ̬ҹ 
һڣȥû 
˭˵ûƳһԵıؿָСħǻȥֳˡ 
ؿлȥ 
ҿûڷΪȥˡ 
ؿͷһƲһֱڷ 
ҹΪʲҪѣҪʣȴĵ٩ĺܿòǸСӰ˰ɡ 
ȥġ 
һͣҹæΪԼΪ˴룬f 
Լİ 
٩䣬ͷˣ²˵Ķע˵ҷһʡ 
ֻǻ˵һ룬ҹȴ֣ڲ˵ 
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ؿʲʱԴȥõҹһĻ 
ٹ졣 
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֮ǰʱԸ⣬ھȻһʱҲ֪˵ʲᣬֻ㶵Ӧʾ˽⡣ 
ıؿҹеİһ粻һͻȻ䵭ͷʹӾ磬Խ꣬Ҳӿסǵͷ̾һһطˡ 
һ¡ 
лֹ²ҹ˵طɣ¸ؿ̸ 
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ؿ䷳ĵʲ£ 
ǵɽ𣿡ҹҲûǣֱص 
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ҹ˻ŰһΣ·꽻ʱҲ㿴ġ 
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ҿɲһʱըȥ 
ؿЦ޳˵Ǿͱȥˡ 
ȥġҹһüûа취 
ȻУǡ 
֪ųħԣȻһܸͨɵģ䵱ΣգǹħԾͻɱ¾㣬ؿǽûػǽŽϣһ֣ؿԸֻǰ߻ 
ʲ᣿þòҹ׷ 
ʵҲûʲ᲻ãֻҪ⣬û˵⣬˵ܿ϶Ļصȥ𡣡 
һһ䶼ҹĴ̶ؿһЦֿ϶ĵȥõ֪ȥķҲߣҪȥԼȥ 
벻˵ҹվ𣬲ҪѣԶȴҽͼ 
̫ϤֻؿҹȾͳȥùɽȪӳߴӱӿĸʽƷģǱ 
 
£ 
ϤףץҹָɽȪڣ²䡣 
ȥ̬ŭͷֵʪܵСӰֻΧȺһˣ˸ϽΪСӰ£סѪŵİ𪼡 
ˣСӰͷһͣﾪȵĴ𣺡Ϸ磬Ѱ 
ϷһЦͷʵСӰ£ 
͵ϴ衣һָ˵ 
ָأҲлҪ˵Ҳ㿴ˡ 
һ˵СӰߵسǰ޼ʽȭߣȫԼħ֡ 
ȭˣҲûǰֹҷǽСĸͷ򣺡ٴˣҴ˰ɡ 
ù᷽ɽȪǹҪĿʹõĹʩ˶Ը⣬ֻиܵĸԡСӰͿ׼㣬޼ɵ֪ðʧ 
ֻϴˮһͷɨ֪߼·³ 
ڽȥǰȿȷû˲ŽԼѸ⣬ֻǽѾӲ̤ˮ棬ˮоȻðһֻˮ֮Ҳĳס 

51 
㿴ԼҲˣʲ 
֮ʣͻȻƺߣֻСӰһȭţۿһǳǻ̾ڹСʯѴס˫ʩ֣ร 
㡭㡭̬СӰǺųȭ߲ߣ˫ֱץֻˣˣƤӡ 
˵Ҵˣ㻹һֱ򡭡 
ĿƮֺСӰţ̬ʲᣡ 
ûûС 
ʲᣬֻǲԴǳӣϴĽɤһ˫۾֪ðˡ 
Ľ͸СӰ⣬ŤŤ֣ 
˳ӵذɿСӰҧҧתת󣬳ϵص˦һƣڳ˶ɵۡ 
ﲢֻľٶЦˣ̿סЦ 
һԵıؿɲãĲԼǾʹһǰ̳ħֻıδʱ类ﵲ 
Цʲᣡ 
շȣСӰŭƲҶϴˣңҲ㿴ˡ 
һԵҹƵƵҡͷȥǰһ䣬ֻһְֺ죬һԽԽ󣬵ɴۿˡ 
ΣӾѣٺ޵ĺҹɱ㣡 
仯޳ؿһ 
۱ҹǣС 
޷ҹ˵ġʵԾؿСӰɵĿϡ 
ܰɡ⡭ǸûС 
СӰͦţʲᣡ 
ϷһǰĲòĿ⣬ȴҿǹģΪֹɡ 
СӰ죬ݺݵĵҪɱ 
ңؿŭݺݵķ档 
ϣƨ¡СӰʾĺ˻ȥ 
ؿȭССƵƵϷ粻ݸСӰͷҲ߰ 
Ϸ磡СӰݺһŲϷ磬ĵǶһͼ 
ƮǺ˼ʿȶصĵԲҲԣԷ 
ĳⱻСӰĿģŭһۣ̬ 
СӰ˦ͷߣϷҲβϣֻĨ崺ЦЩӲ 
صﾾҹŭûҡŮġ 
ҪǸղŹ̫࣬Ҫǹ˼СӰ⣬ĵ𾪡 
»˵û۾ 
ޡһᱻ㺦 
ɿյⲽһŮԵ޷ԭԼĿڲԣֶš 
Ϲˣ˼ҿ⻹֪Ůġ 
ɨһۣǰŻǰ̹Ͳ֪ԼڴʲᣬȻûⷽȥ˼һתָҹ㺦ġ 
ƨ¡ 
Ҫǡ룬ͷβԼ⣬ָĻҲ£ϴͷ 
ҹһ䡸綼ͬ𡹣һţԼỹҹң 
ҪңҲֻ뵱ֻӱʵ 
ҹߺ߶طȥˡ 
ؿɦɦͷֻǿʲ˲ģϲԼĪĹ 
Դԡ 
ԡ 
һ֣΢ķ飺ҲСӡ 
ؿһЦҲСѡ 
뵽Ϸĵ٩һۣϷ˵ģȥ 
ԼԴǸŮӦҲʮġ꣬Ȼް⣬Ȼ֪ԼҲôȹӰɡ 
ȺӡӴϵֻװ 
Ҫȥģ 
ȥ䡣 
ҲҪȥ 
׼ 
ѵûһ˳ģǱؿҹķСӰԱңŵ鷳ֻ꣬һ˾ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ŲţؿҲ̾һҪͲҪ 
ؿͷٿʾԼľġ 
еһӶӵѲ̶Щ 
ԲǺӣÿ˶ԾũҲһҹ֮ˣһڣùݷ㶡 
;УؿͻȻֹ½Ųǰͷһ£ŷһż㶡 
ʲ᣿ 
ؿָҲ˳߿ȥֻһ˫Ůӵ 
ʲÿģˡ 
ؿֹĿƾԼ 
һ쿪Ϻϵģﲻݸͷ˵˵ 
ؿɤӣĿ˵𣿡 
ڲ˵ˡ 
ؿһЦĵȥҵòã 
á 
ҲֱӻؾֵȻȥ 
Ҫ 
СһĳԴҩˣö˶¡ 
һۣ⻰ϴתʵȥģ 
Ҳ˵ûȥ 
˯ܳȥɡ 
ĵһԱؿ˵ѾΣɫһɫӲȵŭ𣺡 
ŭĽлǰͷֹסŲתʵ㱻ҹȾƢ 
һ˵ؿ 
ҲĿڣһ·˶Ĭ 
ֱصõ꣬ŵԹԴڷȥҹ 
ؿҧҧͷѵõ˳ЩӦ뿪ǰ࿴ۡ 
ؿһ붼뿪ֻڿеϤϢȥ 
ûãССӰһ£ʧ 
˳ųѹ飬۷ȴǿһˡ 

52 
֣ȥģ 
ᴫϸһͷؿ 
ˣЦ 
ķӦͽд˶ҹȴĿ˵Сħʧˣ 
ãҪȥ㡣 
ҹڴͷ٩˵Ϲӣʲ£ 
лɫһһۣร˭ɷġ 
㶮ʲᣬŮҪʮŻŮ硣 
壿 
˦˦ͷһ׼˵ӣϽҲоĹ¡ 
ҹЩʧƲ죬ҲԸȴ㻹Ϸ綼ˡ 
Ҫϲȴ䵭ϣҲûǸ飬˵ǻԵ 
ͷ֪֪Ϸ˭ 
Ϸ磿 
ϷǹµǣСӰӣ޿ޡ 
޿ޣͷһᣬ֣ȴ벻 
ҹӻ֣Լߣһ˳ͷɱؿˡ 
ԡ 
ʱ𣬻Ȼĳͣ־ϣϣ԰ɣ˵ģӦǵˣǸʶԷ 
Ϊ»ûʼ 
ʲ˼ 
˼ǣ¿ʼǰʱ䣬ؿûΪɱ¾֮ϷҲûȫ硣 
°ͣͷ˵ֻҪƽ¾Ͳдķչȥ 
Ӧǰɡ 
ĹؿΪʲҪƻ 
ȻΪͳһҹ˵Ȼֱ׳ 
񰢡 
˭֪תģҾǻǸϿ취ȥȽʵڡ 
˵ص㣬ҲоµչЦһˣȻȥõҲзȥĻ 
˵⣬ҹһۣһ˭֪Ҷ硣 
Ҹ 
˭֪ 
һ˵Լ֧£̿סЦ 
û 
û˦ 
ֱֱܻ˵ʲҲ֪ġ 
ܶఢҹҲ;ĨЦҲԽϲá 
һۣشżʣʲ£ 
Ǻǡ˵֪˻ʣ 
㡭˵˵ 
֪ 
һ˫յ΢΢ͷҹü˵Ȼǽ̱ؿ硣 
ƭ˵ˡ 
תҪߣҹӴ𣬸Ͻߡ 
ʲᡣ 
㡣 
ֹ²ڣҹȴǵͷĬʲ¿˵ 
ĴߴҲ޷ҹڣֻرˣѿڡò鷳ɡ 
㲻ҹȻ̾⡣ 
㻹𣿡 
ʱȫ޹ϣСھȻ˵ֻ 
ҹһţ˵㲻š 
ֲϸᶮҪǶĻͲ󴳹򣬾ͲСӰ 
ڹҾˣ 
ۣѵҡ 
˵仰ﲻݸԭȵһɨ⣬õЦֺ;еΨһȤԼҲͦϲġ 
ЦʲЦŲöʮľ棬ȴѱֻèһŵԱߡ 
ֻ 
۰ 
ԱһŴ󴲣ȥЩֻ̣ȥ͸ˣƲƲ죺ʲ᣿ 
쵽ڶû˯Ȼۡ 
˽˯𡣡 
㲻 
Ҳ챻ĥ⣬л˵ʣһֱ㲻㲻㲻˵ᶮ 
ҹһҲӣʧߡ 
ʧ߸ҽҪҽ𣿡 
ҹҡҡͷһ䣺á 
Ͱצ㸽ֺͽȫȥ 
һۣѹڶϵ֣ 
 

ҹٶȽַȥԹͱҶ 
Ǿ𡣡 
Ǿǣұһ¡ 
裿ЦʲʱҪ 
ȼǽϣȥ˵ 
ҹһ䣬֣ŲЩϵĵ㣬ƣõߡ 
һƣ̬۴һȦƿͷס˵˯ȥһ㡣 
ӦȴǳȵĴڽ࣬žȻڶ̶̼ʱ˯ˡ 
ǲܹ˯ܲᶯĶֻ°Ƶġ 
ֻĶҹͻȻɴۣ֣Ҫȥģ 
ûа˾͹ȥһ㡣 
ҹͷͷŲɺƣȻְֽŰںãһЦ 
𣿡 
ǱȸղźöˣȴЩֽſ۵Ķãͷһתʵ˯Ҫ 
˯ 
˯ 
ҹס˫ۣһ¾˯ˡ 
һ䣬־ħƵģ²ȵоִϸϸҲҶ 
ԣҲ˯졣 
ҹⱧƵģ˯еŲӶſ֣ȥ 
˯ѹûִرߵˣصıؿһɫ࣬ҫĽɫӲһĨɱ¾ 
ԽŭԽңͷеһǣѲԾ̳ɱħһ̧ҹŲա 
ɱȼȴʱ˵ĻݺݵؿԼĴ˻ 

53 
ϲϲ 
ϲֻԼϲЦֻΪԼչ¶ 
죬Ϸ̸ЦͲ죬ҹͬޣɱ¾Ϊ̫ 
ʣʵĺ֮ǲǿҵĸ飬֮ǰδйϲǿҵнʲᣬؿ֪ 
֮ǰѿԺܿģڣﲻ뵱ѣΪѲ֮١ 
ȻҪܵܣܵʲܵܿ±ȵѻɡ 
ؿԾҧҧſڴرߣСشǽյ 
ҲҪܵܡĵૣԼǵͷһᣬзһĨˮ 
ʱ䣬ＢһԵҹ˯İԼȴ㱻һֽȥʳҲܡ 
ʵǳ׾ٵ£ǲ룬ڿۻģ 
ϸžݣʱǱ͹УԣǱİĽ߿϶ɡ 
뵽ǰǱ̬ħʱ򣬵СȻҲͦȣһů𲻾Цݡ 
Ʈε˼ϵأŷ˵ƽȻܱܽ䵱ָĶеʱ֪˯죬ǽ߱˿ 
ͷȥŷֻðſڴ˯ıؿ 
üͷΪ˯Ա߸еãСģĺۣ俴δǬۣ̲ס̽ɵͷƳ΢΢ζϽֳأ°ѡ 
ֻ֪ħҪ̫˯ߣοΪһ֮ıؿıȸ˶ߣƾĶҲǶš 
˫ɫӣ΢΢һЦΪõϵۣؿҲһҧ 
ľٶЦݣü䣬ָⲦҧĴ꣬ͷĺɫҺ壬緢ֻϰߣȴû뵽Լҧ 
뿪ȴ³һԵˣֻûӻʾЩ 
ؿ˳ӵｫʵˣ 
ͳ˵ɤһϢ϶ʣһȣ٣Ĺñؿһů֮ǰѹѴţҡҡͷЦ 
ʹ 
ǸһʣؿҲҡͷӦ 
治ʲᣬ뵽ϲŭ޳Щˮʾһ¡ 
ؿĵϴƣɵɵЦ 
Ц鲻ã 
ҡ 
ճͱס죬Ŀһɨҹؿͷʾ˽⡣ 
˵ɣʲ飿 
ؿЩΪʲǿܶ 
˭ûͷûԵһʣ⡣ 
ˡ 
ƮŬмСڿһŮӵǵĻ档 
Ӧ˰ɡ 
ˣؿ¶飬ֻڰҹ֮شδʡ 
ɻʲᶼͷϲһͽˣԻܶ 
ؿͷ֮ǲԵĶԲԡ 
ǰ 
㱻ЦȻҲ⣬ĳ˯಻ã¶ıؿﵱȻЩŤ˵Ķϰ 
ǵܵܿ𣿡 
ľ֮һ£ֻʵ̫죬۴ķ濴ǡ 
룬ֱӸԡ 
ҲҪܵܡ 
ǡ 
˫ᶨĽɫӣǣǿһЦȥԶ 
ҡͷܾһֹģͷʵл˵ 
㡣 
ؿ˳ֵ˵ѲԣҺܷա 
Ļش̫֮⣬ɷǺϲ̹ףҲ̹׹ͷ˰ɡ 
ﻹӦִؿһ䣺ǲҪѺòãˡ 
 
һﶼ޷뷨˼һƬհףԽĿ 
òã 
á 
ϲ㣬ҲϲңΪʲ᲻ˣ 
ڸղŵ˵Ʋһ 
ﲻһ 
ҵϲΪܵܡ 
ҵϲΪǺ 
׵һϯǺȫм֮޴ĵǲԡ 
ؿЦգϲ㡣 
ؿ 
˽лѾ֪ʲᣬҪǿԣӳȥתԼ 
㡣 
Ҫ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ΪǶеġգ뵽˵֪г͸еͷ 
ؿЦͷʲϵ 
ĻûϵΥ 
ʲǳ 
ĿƮƣ޷˵ֻͣ߳ŭǳԾǲ 
ؿƲ쿴ֱϣһ뵽ģͲӡ 
ﰵҪ˼룬ǲԵģ֪𡣡 
Ÿ䣬ȵĴ긲ĵľ㵾ԶݣεҹֻԴʽ̵ؿʱʾ 
ΪʲͿԣؿĴӴ߿ˡ 
Ȼ 
Ѷԣ߿ҹӳʹѣģʹˡ 
һ̾˵ 
㻹ûشҡؿ׷ȥ 
ﱻķòʱ仹ţߵ׼ 
ĹǼ٣ֻҪñؿӡ 
ؿ˳ԭأ˯ѵҹϹǷԲ٩ʲӣСС 
ؿȭĿһ졣 
Ƴеɱħ˫ɱҹ΢ηηԼ 
54 
۷㶽ʳܵ벻Ķ 
޷뷨벻͸⣬ħŮкˣҲȥҹŶԡ 
뵽ҹһӻڽҪͷϹĻȫʧȥ 
ԴϷԱû֣һ˫ǰӶҲ޶ԡ 
Сӳմ 
̬СӰ˵ 
ʶһܸùһ¡Ȼ˵ȴæʽĵζϼӽʳС 
СӰ״ҲϽæϵЦԽá 
ֽʳͽУϢԴڴķӦ顣 
ʧˣЩʳ飬ʳ֮ζޱʳص̾һ 
Ϸ 
ۿ𲻳ɣСӰľסĶ䣬ʹһ̬У˰ 
߷ֱ飬죬ͬʱֻúһˮͺ 
ʲˡ 
ķӦϷСӰЦ 
ЦʲᣬƳںͨһƬҲ֪ԼǶˣֻЦ 
áСӰ˵ 
ϵ¼ٴصǸϵ¡Բ𡣡 
СӰߺ߶˵Ҫԭ㣬УҾͿǿ 
 
¼ҲֻǸᣬƾʲҪһѾͷ¹ĿһƲջظղŵĳ⣬˷ҲһʧţûҪԭңҲܳԿ㿴Ҫ򡣡 
һ˵Ϸ̿סЦ˳һԵСӰǺĺ˭Ҫ㰢 
˵ûֻ֪ʲᶼû㻹пҵС󡣡һ˫۴ƽ̹زϣֲһ䣺˭ȽϳԿ 
ȥ 
һͷܿĵζޡ 
ʲСֻ򾣡 
СӰֶϵĴ̣һʱ˿˰ɣСͷûǿˡ 
㡭㡭 
СӰϷҪɱ 
ȻЩڲԣȴмֵϷҲ֪ŮδʮǰкûΪּëƤС´ɱ¾ʵǡ 
ڲ˼СӰСС£Ϸֻ˵СӰɡ 
СӰĶţһȭϷ磬˳Щƹء 
ɣ˲͹ϵСӰͦ˳֣ϷҲһԸģ 
ҳȥһ¡СӰͻȻ˰ٵ˵ 
æȥк棺ȥģ 
ץħɡ 
ٿվһŮӸ˼ץʲħʱȫСӰȥ 
õĵӦ˰ɣСڽʲᾢ 
G 
ϷųԶˡ 
Ҫȥġ 
ң̬ 
㲻ȥһ²Ż̬ 
ߺߣɱǿɡ 
СӰЦ˲ãԤķ 
ŮԾߣмƻĸ£СӰѲ֮ǰҴһֻͨ죬˾Ȼɵرܿаʹڿ 
 
ŮϵǲŮ˶ֵģѾһ⣬ڿɲһΡ 
СӰĹ뷴ȥ֮ǰȭ߾ˣƫƫʽֳڣ䲻İһţڿĳٶȼǬĲߣʹϼ 
รǹҳܵ𣡡 
˭Ҫ㣬Լ 
ǱСӰͿģЦ˵ŴӮҡ 
ǲ򣬲Ǵ򲻹㡣 
Դ󡣡 
СӰеԹЩĿģָҡ 
䣬ٲڿշߣֻû뵽ѿǵĽ 
⼸Ŀ﷦ζƻһʱ֮Ҳ֪Աؿĥʱĺ÷ 
㡭СӰ㵵Ŀ 
᣿ܷɰǾԼʹڿ 
ƾҳȺеˣΪıܣϲͬϢ 
ħΪʲ֮ǰûСӰԼжеɣȷħ壿 
ħ壿 
ݸƲ۾Ⱒ 
ҲŲ۾ģ 
Ȼ㡭δ꣬Աһֻ࣬ܿײĹ 
˿յĹϷȥСӰд㵣ԼȻû 
ʲ᣿ 
Сӡ 
ƭ˭иӳֵģҡָڸСС 
ǹͯһߣȻ֮ǰĸΝ޴ֻҲˣë׵ģλùۣҪȷֻɵľ޴ëë档 
СӰЦ٩٩˵ǰҹ֮ص棬БᣬϲСӡ 
ǲ 
СӰͻȻɸߣɱܿĹ㻹ǿȥѰɡ 
֮ǰһ飬ڵĿϷĻᣬЦء 
СӰһۣҲһһ 
˵ҲֻǸʮĴкȸԾβס̳ħǰؿ˵Ļ˼ʱ佫ڵڵ︹ǻֻһС֡ 
һЦֻεĿƱϻظӵӦ֣ҲѴ֮ݷѽеһ 
һԵСӰ𾪣ֻδоǿҵħȫǹ 
 

55 
һֻɿٶչײۿҪεͳħѽԼ 
̬СӰʱһתֶӡ 
㣡ﲻ򣬾Ȼ 
СӰҧгݣڿеȫȼᣬĴ𣺡ɱǣ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ǮҮҪӡȥ֡ 
Ǯ 
ͻȻСӰ˿ڷӣ²ϻĿ 
ɱҪ⣡ 
صľ棬ﲻɲ;ѻЩĪĶĹϡ 
һԻص棬ٻ¡ 
ֻһأ㷢ֱؿӰЦ⣿ 
ؿ㶯֪ 
ΪоϢ鷳û뵽ĽǿСӰȻֻǾȻǲϲ 
ɱҪѹֲסյ˫ָƬʹԾҧԼ졣 
ﲦĴ⻵ϰĲ 
ؿû˵ֻõꡣ 
֪ʲᣬӱܲǽĺ÷صļͷؿ̸̸ɡ 
ͷͬ⣬˵ҹǻϰߣԲ㲻Ե⣬ңҲϲ 
ϰߣ 
ǰ 
ؿһתȻ˵ֻҪлϰҲԣ 
Ȼǡ񶨣濴ûſԵ˼ⲻ֪ģ㱻 
ؿƲ죬ǬʵҪſԵˣ 
ﵹһȻѾùͨ裬޷ľ֮Ǹ磬ŮſԵ 
ҵû⡣ 
˵꣬ؿѽߵһߣֵȥߡ 
Ҫ 
ҵϲϲһ˵һҲ⣬ϲ˻ڵһȥ 
ؿͷһϣϲˣ 
֪˵ѹﻹǾ˵ 
ȴײڱؿϣһ˻ùģƫƫǸ¶ħ塣 
Ҳϲ˲𣿡 
һ˵Ϊ֮ᣬٳڵĻǲ˼Ҿ˵ǲһϲˣصǡҲϲеģҪϲȥϲҹҺÿ 
Ҿϲ㡣 
𩤩ؿǲǸ˰ 
ʲ᣿ 
ץһЩͷϽֻûԲɡ 
ǣϲ 
ؿ˵Ŀ϶ܻģЦϲЦӣϲƲӣϲӣϲӡ 
ؿֵ֣ЦҾͻܿģҪ㣬ǣ㱧СӰҺ㱻ҹҲҪɱЩˣǴ𣿡 
е𾪣ر֣㶵Ŀ 
ϲ㡣 
ȫ˵ƷĻصͼԼƽ˫ᶨĽɫӣƿĿ⣬û취ϲ㡣 
һֻϲҡ 
㡭 
Īѹ촭ǰӾͲϼǱԼС꣬ȴǿҵѹȸУѵóεľҲʾԣ 
ؿֹ²̧ͷ 
뾲һ 
ӱܾǽĺ÷Ҳܽ⣬ںû¸ʲʽ̸ 
뿪ıӰؿеįΪʲҪܾ 
įͻȻȥɫٿһɤҪ͵ʲʱ򡣡 
䣬һ˵ĿռʱһĨӰ 
жȥħ̬ĵһڣȻڨЦ˹˻ˣȻһࡣ 
 
ؿ˼ƺǷݸ飬Цԭϲϲͽа 
ķӦõѽܣ֣̽ 
ؿ޵˦Ҳֻ 
ĲԾ򵥵ˡ 
ؿһЦǲˡ 
м׷Ѱֻ֮Ϊ˴ӵǿΪ˵õͱһУദģʽͷ 
ΪŲĸ飬Ų˵ÿһ仰 
ʶͣؿҲ⣬⣬ 
ʼ磬ʵҵˣָļ£ 
ؿһۣⱰ΢̬ȺҪѣָֻ̬ȣѽʲѵЧһ£о֮ҲС 
Աؿ˵΢̬ﶼ̲ӣڰҹ֮أֻеûߣȻԼħʹǰҹ֮Ψһصˡ 
˵ؿαװĸ֣࣬Ҳˣ̬ȣоıرߡ 
ҲֻЩ߲ĵĲԼ˵ԼԶƾԪĲڰԽвɻȱĽɫ 
˵ƣҲԸֶħ˵ɱԼȻϣܵõһΣЦ 
˵㻹ǸϿȥȽ׵ħɢİɡ 
ؿҧҲϣϻҪǸе귢ľѶҲðȻ뿪ҹ֮أСӰҲħ 
ĬֵסЩħʹ뿪ڼ䣬˽緢ѣҪЩ֪ħΪȻ𡣡 
56 
ҲǣҪЩսӿռ䣬Ͳɽ˳־ǣؿһЦĸлЩҰĲߡ 
ȴҲԣҪЩ֪Լħǵ鷳ǡ 
ݵķΪǿԼȷİȫʹٲԸҲֻ 
ڨЦⲻһֱ𡣡 
Ҳũ 
ȻΪħʹĳУ⼸ֻ¼޾ֵġ 
ؿͻȻʾȥֻվĿռͻȻŤһ£漴ʧⷿڡ 
ڵʧͬʱҹ˽ 
ΪϢŽ˵Ľ̸ֻǿˣؿһѻɤʲ£ 
أ 
֪ 
ҹ٩Сû᲻֪ 
֪Ҳؿߺ߶ã¸˵ 
ӴѵãɱҰɡ 
ҹǴӣ翴˼֪ԼΪɱ⡣ 
ؿЦָɱҪǺĻˡ 
ллĿҹ΢ЦȻվڴ 
ĵСؿһ۾ͿҲĸϻֱӵҪˣȥõɡ 
ͨ㡣ҹü˵ 
ҹ˵ѹԸȥҪԼģֻ֪ȥõĽֻ֪ܻܲȥǵ磬ܣԻذҹ֮ء 
ؿ˵ҹҲԸĿռһ룬һתȥ 
ָ˵ҹСԲͷϣʵ磬ƾļҵǮǶ࿴һۣԳԲ궵ߣ춱ؿȶɱʣҹԷģȻصʵ϶Ҫд֮ء 
ߣõͷĴյأ㿴ﱧĴ־Ӱ̾ģȥЦˡ 
ˣƲ 
ҹݣһתԸ棬ûǾļһڽҪͷΣԱؿԡ 
͸£ұ֤ԼƢһʰ 
ҹ֪鲻ѣҲβڣһǣЦﰢ㣬ʧҲ 
һۣ֪˿ûû׼ˡ 
GGGȥİ 
Ҫܡ 
һƿ·ˣȥ 
ֻŸջصȥҹһ䣺ؿ˵ȥõ 
𣿡 
Щɣħǻûָ뵽ĸףܻصԭ磬òģķЩϹڵϲá 
ƳĨЦݣҹһţЦƨЦ㡣 
ͻıɵ 
ҹһֵȥõкϢɡ 
ͷʱĺԭ硣 
ͬȴҹĵ٩֮ǰ˵زȥҲá 
֮ǰ 
һۣȥĴ־ӣſȥû¾߿ҡ 
񾭲 
ҹһ䣬ȴҲûٳصؿıӰ磬ѹû¿˳˯֮⣬ΨһȤǺ죬Ȼһ޾ɵӣҹеķ 
䣬չէ֣˫ۻԼȻڝ˯ˣͺĴͷɵЦû뵽˯ 
һϵ̺ӵϣҹ˵ĺȦȥ 
˭˵˯ġҹһɱĿ⣬һ̧Сȹȥ 
СĵİƺһͲ֪ 
һ޹ҹһţȥбؿ𴲳ˡ 
õĴ˵ɿؿٴȥĶֻСȻᱻȳ 
ҹ֣һȭ޹ĝȥģû³Ҫ 
ﾹȻ˯ϣ뱧Ҳûı˻ۣ͵ýȡЦֻʧˣû뵽άͬһһ 
˯࣬ҹ̾磬ԼȻʡʱǼѡ 
ҹѣջû̺ӣؿ 
ԽԽԾԽԽһͷײԽԽ졣 
ӶǰͲҹǱ񫣬ϰˡ 
ϰߣԼ˯࣬ǽ飬ַ 
ֻû뵽ַĽԼж¶ȣЦݣζʧߵĵزʵҹܴǮЩ 
ҹԼĸ̣Ǳ͵͵˹ơ 
ҹ˳йȻо⣬÷꣬ûԼģھȻһָо 
һҹԼͬԲ׽ֻѰοİ 
ֻҪصԭһоͻָҹ³ɣειĿʼҪӣ񰢣ɱ;أһȥأϾӵұȻҪŮء 
صҲССӰ֣ȥġ 
޹뿪ڰũ⼸շʱѶȥе档 
ʹͬʱĿռͻȻէˮɫâ 

57 
֪ǱؿתħգۣССӰѳԼǰ 
ȥģ 
ؿش⣬˵Ҫҽ 
̸̬֮ȸɣҹ˵Ĺ·չ 
ؿ 
ˣĽлñؿǰ 
ȥģȥģ 
Ķûȥ 
˵Ҳûʵũûϵɡ 
ȻûϵؿЦȴͻȻЦݣĿ⿴ʣ㻳ң 
ǡҡ 
ҧҧԼҲȾ⻵ϰߣݸӶ˫ɫӣҲҹ˵ 
Ҳ¡ 
Ҳ롣 
㵣ң 
ȻϲͲܵ㰢 
޷⣬ͶĲ£֮ǰµһˣ汻ҹ˵ˣΪһ鹹δǡ 
ؿ죬Һø㵣ңǣ˵ϲҡ 
˵ʵ⽫ķ˿ңĵ׾޷̹׵ȴԤͷһɤ׼˼롣 
ûС 
ûƮƮȥġ 
 
ؿ̬֨֨ȣֳϰԵĳɾ͸УǿԼ˵ؿǴӦҵ¡ 
ؿͷŬ˼벻ԼӦʲᡣ 
ͷһãӡӣò˰ɣ 
ؿȻȴ޹ĺܣûɱðûҲû¡ 
û˵㣬û˵£Ÿ 
ɣе˼飬޹ģ;ÿɰͷʵħ𣿡 
ؿͷЦ 
ã 
ʵڲаΪһܻ֮ȱ˶ɣСһڿʲᾢ 
кǿ 
 
ؿֵͷΪЩſԾ 
֪ĵͷеãƲԣħˣ³ãûô 
ؿҡͷĵҲûô 
ʲô 
Ա㡣 
 
ΪǽɽǾŮӳ֮ģ˵ѵһǷ𣬶˵ʴΪðҳƨǸѾ֣ҽ˵ͿԻȥˣҪ㱣 
ؿʹȥͷĻͬ˵Ҳ˵ף΢΢Ц 
ȥҹǳɡ 
 
ʲ᣿ 
㡣 
Ҫ 
񾭲ö˶һƿ·Сӣ첽ȥ 
ĿȥӰؿЦЦԼϣЦԼİˣ޿ɾҩĵز 
Ƭ̹ᣬ˻ȴЦһŵıؿŵ 
ʲЦЦ 
ؿһЦӴϵ𣬾صĵҪ𣿡 
Ϳˡ 
æﻹͦϥҲ֪鹹Ķܴߣ˵ֲһصȥͲ֪ڴʲᡣ 
ؿͷ֣ĵĶЦ 
Цݲ뵽ղЦĿž󣺡Цʲ᣿ 
Ц㡣 
ʵڸ˲ƲЦ 
Ǻǡҡ 
ƣؿͻȻħ̬߲࣬ɵľ 
ǳǳؿ˵㿴ǲǺֻܱҪͿ׵ˡ 
һ˫ӾͿĿԴȫᣬ۵ǡǡҪ 
ؿָһǣ˵ֻҪ룬ҲԣҲҡ 
һˡ 
Ļ˷ƢȴǽƿЩ 
ϲڵ𣿡 
ųħգʵ޴ޣڹľ£Щɵۣѹе£ֻǡ 
ԽԽԽԽٿƲͷȥϲ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ϲǲϲΪʲᡣ 
ᣬûϺô󾢲ֹסĳ嶯Ϊʲ֮ǰģߣΪ 
ɣҲϲ 
ؿβԸ˫ֻʣһĨĻЦݣϲ㡣 
ƳԽĴ꣬Ͻƿһѹֲסڵ𣬲˼ĳȥ 
ֻʩȭؿһķŭñؿеη壺 
յľٶʱѣϽջԼ֣Ƴܲ飬ͷһţͷԲҲ֪ˡ 
ؿҡҡͷʵ㲻𣿡 
Ӧðɡһ۶ٿԼʧأϺüֵҿӾͺ 
 
ؿ˼Ķ˫ɫӣָϽܿ룬Ҳ㡣 
֮ǰ𣿡 
εĵͷϣʿȼǺǡ˵ 
 
ʵ֮ǰ˯ӡ롭롭㡭 
ͰС˵Լ뷨̹֮ᣬˣɱؿȴ 
ˣ 
ؿҡͷֻƣ벻͸ˣΪʲַӦ벻͸ΪʲųԼ꣬ħԻơ 
ЩԱؿ˵Ǵ⣬ǰҪذҹ֮ˣһߺòã 
ãʺܶˡ 
ؿ죬ĵҲ˵ܶβ˰ 
㻹ʡ 
ܸôӦһΰɡ 
ּۻ۵ġ߶һ͵ħ컹治ϰߣָ㻹ȵ̲ס㡣 
ؿҧͷһƲʮԵĵҪƫҪ 
û֪ħ𡣡 
ִ֪֪򲻹ҡ 
ϰߣ̫ϰˣῴ޷ͷһת㣬ȥҪŪá 
58 
ؿǰסЦ 
ι˼ЩֹͣĴ𣺡ڸ 
Ƴ˫Ľɫӣ״毺õĴЦЦӦҵޣȴ￴ľ 
ؿۣʣ˵㡣 
ȥģѧġ 
»ѧʵﶼԼʵĶţؿȴЦȥ 
ĿߣؿҲԸգݵľչһս 
ſſҪʲᡣ 
һ֪ˡ 
˵Ҫһֱҡ 
ؿֲļ֣ĿһСһӣһ֮ѽﵯϣĴ𣺡ף 
ָıؿһЦѹȥ㲻ȥʵҡ 
һһְֺ࣬ϽƿӺвȥ͵Ǹ 
ؿ˵˰٣밢ũ£ʮѹ˯͵͵ֻΪ˹۲ϰԡ 
ΪҲ֪ҪŪŻ 
ؿ˵ϴһҲͲģȻҪӦӦúѣǰùΡ 
һ۲ε⣬ʱܷսϽ´˳ȥ 
ŶӵŸӵűߣײϱҹ翴ǵĳȵ񣺡ҹ 
ײҹ濴Ϊͷ󺹣ɫࡣ 
ҡͷϣָϵıؿ²仰 
ҹĵ֣ƳԭεıؿҲʷʲ£ߴ˳ˡ 
ؿһ´֣Ц߰ɡ 
뵽Իȥҹʱ³ɼۣɿץϱؿ֡ 
ؿһֻ֡ 
űߵǰжҹʲᣡ 
Щִȥ 
ԭ֣һ׼ģҹܾĻᣬֵ˵ֲûصȥ 
ޣѻ졣 
ǿԣҹһƣ˫ֱץֻһţŭزȥˡ 
ɱĿ£ҲԸٿؿһۣҪͿ㡣 
߰ɡؿɫץ֣оѣһץˣֻüǲţڲ룬롣 
°ũõ֮ɽӣתħӳ£ǧ·롣 
ֻƵķӣʱռУ־ƲϰߣȴҲİգۼ䣬ɽˮ֮ء 
ȥһƬ̵ɽͣʵʯЩʯ۳̹â߸վ۽еЩۣڵ 
УϡǰЩӰͼǰ鿴ʱȴҹһؿ̫Ծ 
һŷֱؿſڵأӸO@Ͻǰʵؿˣ 
ϴһ 
ҹһ˵ڝҲͻȻϽԼ֣ڵħɸ 
ؿϣϤл룬ıۡ 
ƽϢ󣬸ȷöԷӣȴе֣ڵݷܿƵƴܣؿƾƵģѾ㻤Ҳֹסš 
ǰͻȻһʶĽֳأֻһȴǿҵѣǰҹʱ£ 
ۡ 
һ˯ģҹڿɲ˯ʱǰˡ 
֪ 
Ҳ֪ЩӰǵѣ˦˦ͷۣԼ˯᲻㾢ʱдһȺů 
ؿ 
ûˡ 
ؿfͷǵǣղҪûʱ룬Լ϶ڵǬ 
䣬ѻָûֵֹķʽԼƣȴָ̫ˣлҪӲš 
Ϊ֪״͸Ŵذҹ֮أ벻˵תƻ֣ؿ΢΢һЦҹҪ㵣ĵġ 
һ£ٿվ˵Ȼ 
⣬ҹǣ٩Ǹò˰ɣ 
Ų롭 
ＫͣؿȴܵĹֱۣͷһһǣʾǰ 
ȥȥȥġͰ͵³ 
ҹüͷԼֻӬﲻζĽԼᣬɤϲ 
ƵƵͷʱҹ̫Ϊ֮١ 
ؿҪڣǰٳԶһӰԵǿˣȴҲ 
ӰԽԽԭȵнļٱܣתۣǰ 
ǰһ黨Ůȥʮ󣬺ɱĳϥæϢ 
Ƭ̹ᣬŮֱͦӣ׺񳶿ɤţҪǵȶã 
һͷˮĿ˵֪ҪƵģѲɻ׼ûӭʽɡ 
ȻԷŮԣһײҹȥ 
ҹвҲǰ״һĨŮΪ֮ʵЦݣʡ 
죡Ůһ 
벻ǧҹȻһʶģȻȥû취 
һҲνؿͻȻ⣬ǬԼ֪Ҫ 
ϵǺܾˣŮһ·ȥ 
59 
֮֮βŮ 
;УܣЩӰȻˣڽ࣬ҹʵᶼˣ 
õ˵Ҳġָǰͷ·Ů˵ 
ǰ״ʵûʣһǰۣҲٿڡ 
Ů£ƹԽʣȺ벿ᣬӳһԲΰݣһߵ߲Ѥʯ 
ҹԣʢ˵ĵ죬ҲģֻʯһλŮˮٰڷ˿˳䴹䣬Щ߲ѤʯϣƮ 
Ů㣬Ʋ˫Ĵ͸ļɽҰеһʡ 
ʹŮᶯˣҲ޷ҹĶıؿһ۶Ը࿴һȭͷһ˫ӽŮϡ 
ķӦ˲ҹһı᲻̫ˡ 
ŮȻûҹ࣬ҲǸһˣֻǡ 
š 
·ŮûĴߴǸϽϣҹԼߣţʥŮ 
ʥŮ 
񡭡ȥǰٻͷհһۣڿЦᣬȷš 
ЦûСѡ 
ɰ˰ɡҹײһ£ߴӽ 
ɦɦͷһЦȷɰǰͷĶѹûֱؿĺϢ 
޶˲ñؿеķͲھ;ذҹ֮ء 
ߡ벻ؿ׷ǰһ̾ͷתħ 
GȥġΧͻȻըˮɫâ￴һͷˮ 
ʧĶ˲ƬͻȻ֣ҹȻһ䣺׳ա 
ؿðҹ֮صĶͳ߾ȻˣĴ𣺡ûµǰ 
ҹ˵ʲһ᲻֪ڹ۸ 
Ҫ͵鵽ʵ飬Ҳᵲǰ˴ǻˡ 
ﲻָϱؿ̫ҲãȵȻö㣬ȻκãǺˡ 
ʧûıؿһ 
ǵ׼ϰŮ˫ֲɤ·ֲسͲĥá 
 
 
ͬʱڣĵȻǱؿ 
ǰ֮ҹǰԼβᡣ 
ոһǰڽȻ࣬ĻϷֹ֯ĲƷű߶ɫĲʯ飬է֮С 
 
ŮԾַʱ᷽ͻȻðһֻľȣһ׼ȷССԴ 
ޣʹҮŮ׸СԴĿ 
ǣÿ˽ڴ˵Ľ 
Ů¼䣬βһָĻȥ 
õɻʵҹȥ 
 
ڳ򵥣Ƥݡ걾ˣΨһرĴ¯¯ȼܵɫ档 
ӲҪر֮Ҳֻйǽϵѻ걾ֻ򲻻ѻĸһߡ 
سϡĿĵأüˣҹͲסӵĵ⣺Ҫȥ 
ףĶ˵ 
˺ǺһЦⲽһ 
ã춿ڵѻ 
治֪ڶ˭˵ɻգۼ䣬ֻǽϵѻ걾ͻȻڳӶ£ڰշȦʱѻһڵꡣ 
ǡ 
һŵϴ󣬳һԵҹʵǲǱ걾𣿡 
ħ塣ҹҲţȻ⿴ٵ塣 
ؿأ˵ħ壬ŷһˡ 
˭֪ʲᡣ 
֪ıؿҹ˵ƢЩֹö룬Ļᱻ֮赲ħ޷۵ֻóϱŸٰεͷȺ 
ԥòӲʱ̬߰ǰȴǱعؾ˾Ⱥ 
˵֣£ؿͨǵ֮ţҲԸڣֻ߶ϰ 
ؿˣĻǰġ 
еһɨ⣬֣û¡ 
Ǹ֮꣬٣ֻʵΪѿϽֳأؿȴץĸ 
ؿ 
ĽлǼΪѿͲڣؿȴӶЦ 
뵽ղŲöķң뵽ǿܳעصԭ磬Ͳ㣬ڸҪſ 
ļᶨҹмΪۣҪѣЦֹסĳ嶯 
ЦˣֻⲽصƤϣһӣҲǰ 
Զˣӭ;мվ 
ҹ粽ǰڵǻȥķ 
ҹ˿һ 
ҹΪ´ߵ֪ߵֲΪ棬ȴε֪Լ 
ۣʲ᣿ 
ľһƳŷ¯ϵ趯Լ 
سϡ£ɻĿߡ 
ʾǰҹǰʱֵҹֲ̿꣬βϢ 
һΣһҹѵز 
״Ѳֻؿһǰܻͷʲᣡ 
Цı⣬еĹָϱؿؿ˹ҹ֮صĶͳߣ벻벻 
ǰ̫죬ۿҹ̒ᣬ񣬸ϽڱؿǰץǸӣʲᣡ 

60 
껤ǰĵ֮١ 
Ҳزãƴ 
ԵҹؿƿԼü࣬Ȼ֪˭ͱǰЩСϷ 
ЦȻҪ¡ 
ˣֻǽξѡ˻˵˫ƵȴǶڱؿϡ 
²鿴˵ҹֻ˯ˣ֮æϵѿ˦αؿǲԸ֡ 
ķͺһֻûõɣһֱץס 
ҪͻȻֻ߿˵깲ͬ 
ĪϤС 
࣬㵽˭ΪͬҲͬǶû£˾Ȼܿƣñؿоȡ 
õļ˾ˡ 
˿϶ֵδ¾ǱڵҲǿ 
⻰ڱؿʵ⣬˵æ˼ 
һҪȥץؿ֣ıؿһ˿ա 
߲ŭȴ̾ѾתǶȫƾһ䣬ؿ˹ 
ؿЦƶθɣֻԼ£δҹıţԸ˳ӣδԼϣԼ̤ܵˡ 
ƺк壬ҲٶԵҡҡͷת㶵ٴҡͷ 
ʹͬʱϵҹշתѣֻǴξлȴصʵسϣҼλʵ 
ټ٣ʵҲֻһ֮䣬ʲ棬ĵطǼ٣ʲǼ٣棬һоͻᶮˡ 
ҹüİߵʮ˴ȫ͸˳ҲԼ˽ȥû´޵Ҫ 
ȻһƣΨһԿ϶ǣ汻ѻ˵УõҲû취صԭ磬һȭ 
ε˱ѣΪʲֵðᣬ˼ƮصȴѣѿǱؿǰʵ˼ң˵ʲᡣ 
ؿĻŵս֡ 
ǣҺ 
Ҫڣؿ粽ǰоǾζһȡħ 
꣬ҲѲؿʲᡣ 
굲ǰԱԾӵؿѡ 
ؿɤ档 
˾ħʹ˵Ȼá 
ؿֻǿһ룬굯⣬ƺһڵء 
ؿ 
֪ĹֶԼץˣỹԡ 
ǰԼҲһ֮ϣ޵˦֣߻Լᡣ 
 
ؿһ޹ĿΪζŭֻǲ°ˣΪʲỹҪͷ 
ؿòɱسϰɡܴҹĿ˵һΨ²ҵģ 
⻰˵ҡ 
ؿͷһϣҧߵñؿе£е¶ȣҲҡ 
첻µزµıؿ˹һγԼĵӣΪģǰк 
ռǸ⣬뿪ڰȴǰץסؿ֣ؿ˹ 
ؿһû뵽һ׵Ŀһͷſ 
ȡ˵ں£л֮ȥ 
ߺηĿ֣꣬Ĩ 
ҹҪǱؿ˹Ļжˡ 
ߵĻؿĿȴ޷ͬΪλߵ֪жߣ֪ûﶼ 
ˣǱףģ߿ȴݵ 
˼ң˵ʲ᣿ 
һ̾㻹̫ᣬǵһ仰𱻱ɱʵ 
ʲʵ 
δֻδ֪ 
ԴĿߣ˺ǺЦӻصϣûҪĴ𰸣߰ɡ 
⣬ȫ˻Լ֪£ֱϴԵĴһԵҹҲĲԼ³ǲʧˣѽĳ 
ȥɡǱؿȻƽˡ 
һ¡ҹգָؿһҪʼ£ 
˵ѳڡ 
˵Ҷˣʱıؿҿԡ 
سϡ 
ҹҲ˷ʱֱʵҪģҪ˽ս֮С 
߲ںͻ΢Ц˵תѾһжĽУȴʱˡ 
Ҳˣˡ 
٣ȫһ뷨 
ֻ֪ܻܲȥ˵ЩʵʵĶ 
ҹЩŭļ˵ȴǲĵδѾϣ벻ȫľֻء 
ҵľ 
ҹͿˣߵ˵³ɾԳģزȥԭǲĨʵ 
ģҹȫûӡصũҹҲ֪Դ˼ߵĻڻеľʥк̳Ѫ ս˼䣬Щصԭй 
ҹѵߵյ֪𰸣ҪʲܻȥǲҲζⱲӾ͵ô鹹С 
찢ⲻҪ𣡡 
ҹһξԼֲҵ춵ԱĵزҪûܳûŮûʽ⻷طɹûţ 

Órյđ  
BY硤 

61 
Ĳð𣿡 
صũؿٴε£ССӲͣʵڷĲ¡ 
ؿۿ¶һĨ԰׵Цݣá 
ǡ 
Ĳãԣϣﱧң嶶ĺᡣؿ˵ 
һھܾ԰ģ濪˿ڣ˼һתǸҾͱ㡣 
ҪǵѣڵҲʹϣϣͷ 
ؿȴ΢΢һЦգۼ䣬ԸıذСֻ꣬ߵЦȥص봲Уɫʹҧҡءˡ 
㡭뿪ȴˣһ콫ӵԼ 
ؿ΢΢Цǰۣ˵ҵ״㡭ذҹ֮ءһ𡭺òá 
˵ʱ𡣡 
Ҳ֪״͸ˣĸħѷţһҪӣеķһֽ̾ 
ܵϤڣؿϽֳأ᲻ 
ؿ 
á 
Ϊʲᣬ𡣡 
Ϊû취ƣҪֹ֪࣬ʹ࣬˯һûµġ 
Ĺ˼ɣֱҪ֣ؿҲԸóѡ 
СĿռ䣬ؿ޷ӣֻÿڵһ¡ 
кͣİ 
롭𡭡 
ȻȻȥ 
һ˵ؿһϣܡϣҡ𡭡 
ϸĿιǬཫѹͣ˵ʲ᣿ 
ؿһգٿڣͷһֱ 
ιŸᴥϽͦӣʹü죬ֺֺЦĵ˲֡ 
ᡭ 
ڿ̬֮ȣؿСҡ𡭡 
᣿ʶİϲ̹ףϲĵϲĿֲЦݣֻǶЩŶѡ 
ʹ޹ûʹˣǲ⣬ͷһƲڸ̸µʱ 
ԡס𡭡 
ԡôߵҪĹĬ 
Ϊʲᡭ 
ҪЩеûģ˯ҪͰ˵ѽŻشϡ 
ͷһᣬõķŭ棬ͻȻ䵭Ͳ֪Լ 
֡ 
Ҫ 
ӲҪֲᣬҲ֣˯ɣȥҹԵĸ㡣 
뿪ħĻɢȲʹٿƲסµ 
յķϢζϰ߹µıؿ촭ԼԼįе־塣 
ڵɱ¾ϸɷƻѣƻһáΪʲᡣ 
ؿ֪Ǵƻǿѯʣֻᣬһգ̵ˮʪͷͷ 
УϤϢڱؿܣָ 
Ҫٶһ㡭 
ϸˮħñؿв㣬һץĨ¶ȣȪӿԴԴĴڣӣ䷢ĵ 
оڵħ𽥾ۼ̰ȡֱһ죬Ž˼ץء 
ſۣѲٲҲȴֽɫӾǻţлϴħŵĽջء 
һ´Ͻϵ˷ 
»Ų޷ֱ˭ֻƾ屾 
ۿԭνԼشϣ٩䡣 
 
ʹ԰׵Ĵ³ĵø롣 
֪СһڳǿŹȥ۷û뵽һССһŲͣʶҲȫ壬Ƴϵˮû 
ϲ㲻ϲͷĲ¡ 
û뵽ζǹ۾Ϳݣƣ۹ᾹȻ˺ѰľʹʹʣжȴֱһǰΪȥ 
²ĵϽͷܿߣ˯һ¡ 
ؿĴҧףɫȾһ۵Ľס 
ʹ 
ﲻΪʲʹʹдÿ缡ÿϸԣĵط硣 
ˮδϣͷһŷֱؿ޵ˮһſŵµˮͷûƵġ 
ǰˮ͵ʹճɣڶѾʹ˻ޡ 
ֽҧףֲȴָʹϣѾʹŵͷֻֿ̾ʲᣬûο㡭 
Ļڱؿʮ㲻ͺᷳͷһᣬҪҡ 
⻰εۻͿξûǬϢ 
 
Ϊʲ᲻ңΪʲ᲻ߣΪʲ᲻ϲҡ 
ıϢñؿ⣬Ϊʲᶼò𰸣ǲͿ־壬ͷһͣǲĲáҪԡ 
ȻؿصҧԼĴ૵ϲ㣬㣬뱧㣬㽻 
˲ѣɴۿҪڣؿֵһСĵģԲ㲻ò 
ؿͻȻҲǰʣĴһǲãͷһ͸Ͽɬһǡ 
߿ 
ͷһŤŲӾҪ´ʹϾӸֵĹؿʱСħָ񣬰Լ 
Ϊ˱㣬ؿ˫һǡ 
ȵ˿յĴ죬Ӳȥ 
ĶﲻĴ⣬ҧϿһĨڶ˿ըҲñؿʹ롣 
ؿ 
𣿡 
ͷʹȲʹؿԼԨɫǱ࣬ȴ˷ּᶨɤȻҲҪϲˡ 
ʹ飬֪Լѹˣһ˿ΣǸάֲһ룬ֻؿͻȻѹ˺ 
62 
ֻҪ룬ҵģ԰ɡѡˣЩʱؿ֮ᣬмҪˡ 
İؿ 
߳к̽ŨУŵĵۿǵĻбؿħůӿд룬ʹʽвɷʹнʧۡ 
ŭ޵ӣؿͷϸϸԴĸգǰѻ˼͵ԼСӸеݸĺŶԣϲϢϸָḧʵļСؽ⿪ϵĴӣ̤ʵͻ̿ȫһɨա 
ؿ֮ʣ޼ɵ˫ȼʱٿۣһ̧˿ 
⶯֪Ѿָ´ŲȴһǿҵĻ˯ϮϽϴء 
 
ؿųͱ׺סηվԭء 
ǰ˦˦ͷǿվϣһ뿪 
ؿ֪ˣֻ鶼ϴһȴŭ 
֪Ҳû֪ĲϲļͺãǲңǺ£ֻܿȥ 
ҹİũɺǰһⷶ۵ħ 
һҹ°ͿǣеĲ;߲ʱŪʳʱ̾һ 
ҹȫȻ֪Ա߶ϷСӰʮ㰧ԹһϷ翴ĴЦһ档 
컻ҹȱŪϵĵζϿʼ֡ 
ȴСӰϣԹҲĺܿİ 
ͬԸ̬вҪ 
СӰ˵ȻĿתҹҹˣ 
ҹϷüͷĳνеСӰͷ⣬ȻԼ޲ºһ˹ϡ 
ιҳԴˡ 
ȥұˡ 
СӰһǰۣڶ½Ƕãķ֪£³ĻҪ۰۰룬ΪȻ 
ϷüԹĵСӰĮ 
㡣һӣ˳ƴϷԴ 
ŮӼұ𶯲Ͷֶš 
⻰СӰ̲סٶ֣ǬͷƲĸԶϹ 
һϷˤڵأֻҹͻȻվ𣺡㡭 
ҹ 
ҹƳͬĶˣһЦϽܿ 
죡ѱؿˡ 
ľֻؿҪľٶֱ¥ 
ҪһֱߵĻҪһֱȥĿԣһĴ 
ҹѹ룬ڵ·յһ鹹磬һ̤; 
ֽŲõ߿ţڴϵıؿһǰʵأ 
 
һˮ 
Сħֿʲ᣿ҹ 
ؿѹͷǿˮ 
𶯲Ϳޣעһ󡣡 
ҹ 
ؿĽлҹżһת뿪ʱֳܷ 
һ¡ 
૵һﻹǴҹֹ²ɵĿ 
֣СħῪˣ 
侲ŷİʹ˵СһҲԼ°ҹЩݵǰʲ£ 
ؿҲ벻Ὺĺʹʹˣܣ˫һգʵ˵³ܲã𣿡 
 
㣬 
ҹزһ֪ΪʲҪ 
ҲȻϲңҪȻҲԼߵһҲðգ㡭ܴܲӦңֻҪС 
ؿ˵ʱʱˡ 
ҹһ˿һ˿ھΡһ˿ۣԭͽСħԼ趨ʲᶼ֪ﻹԼ 
ʱӣƲ̸ʲԭɱ¾ķ¾ߣҹЩˡ 
˵ҹСħ³Ҳ㵽һˮֻ벻ؿ£Ķˡ 
ҹݸһЦԼֺγǣûˡ 
Щ֪Ҳǳҹʲᶼǣֻǿİؿ˹һһ¸ʲţ񻹲ܶԶ֮ 
˫ȴ𰸵ӣ͵ɣ͵˽Ҫȫҹһü˵ԣҪӦһ¡ 
ؿͷͬ⣬ֻҪ˵һ£ǧԴӦ 
׼Ѻߡ 
ؿҪȷʵܺð죬ҹҲɻ΢Ц˵ҿɲһ·˵СһҪһ¾ͳˣõ¡ 
Ѿˣһ׮𣬱ؿͷһƲɬһЦʹٲԸҲֻܴӦ 
סŵ¡ 
ͷҹҲٴζ뿪 
뿪ҹֱӳõ᷽ȥϝͷڵӰ 
֪ﵽ 
ҹıӰ¸㽲 
ƲҹûԵϼ£֪˯ 
63 
һ˯Ļˬ 
ԼأȻ˯ͷҹƣ۵˯գȴָƽǽü䣬ҵ·ãһǵ̺Ϊϡ 
ҹԼĲˣȻźȫ߷硣 
ڣǵûŮɱûܳɿĪļ¡ 
Ϊʲ٣ļ𡭡 
յŤεһţͲִҹ³³ 
˯ 
࣬ʼ˯ҹûȤԱһſ 
Σĵȼ⣬ǰſϣıӣס죬͵ȱѣͬʱԼҲ˿нϾܳŻԼ 
ҹÿҪʱͶ䣬ϽɿĿڱǣһûȤĹԱߡ 
Һġҹһѵι 
Ļزȥˣ˵졣 
ҪһǬɱˡ 
ιҹͻȻӣЦϲʽʧҪˣһҪúףף 
ҹ٩⣬Ӧֻǳٴθеͷһͣϡ 
գ̰˯ҹ˯磬֣ﱧڣѽҲȥ 
˯ۿգȻٲ糿֮ǡ 
飬ҹͶ䣬˳Ȼ˭ֻԼͬ 
뵽ؿģĪĸغãСá˯ӳ֣ռı˾Բ١ 
ڣȻ£ѣֻҪһЦ֮ 
С˯ 
洹ķ˿Դգҹ¶һĨЦݣţĸ 
ֻһɵӶˣˣ뵽Լ˯ʱӵ˯ 
ĴԺ޷Ӧ 
ȻˣҹһĶ䣺賓 
չӦҪһȭ 
Ȼ˯ҹˣҾȱȥ 
ؿؿ 
ҹŵһССӰڣһֱͷҪҹ 
ؿ֣۵Ϊơ 
غһҹıؿ罫ҹж֮ǰˣҪЭڣͶɱҹ֪ԼһΪ 
𣿡 
ؿ£µڿԳûңԹԹƵƵܾԹԼΪʲҪϲ 
ҪһʼҪʾãͲϲҪһʼҪůе 
ɶ࣬˵ϲ־ܾңϣůְƽǳѵˣٵˣҡ֡ 
ʼ²ڣһģϲ㣬ĺϲ 
УԼૣıˣǸ⡣ 
밲οǸǶã۾Ų 
Ҳ㣬ģֻǵϲһ 
ʵЩԻÿΪʲ᲻ϲ˵Ȼ̨ĲײǶеġ 
ȻԼЩݱؿΪֶͣһܾĺɣ˵е£ֱΥƻ÷ 
ȴϲһǲԱ䡢֣ǣϲһӦеȻڱؿȫҲ 
Ȼŵദ˼ͼ¶ȴǻڴÿεԼᣬÿμĴŬ첻óȴĻ⡣ 
ϲĸо𣬶ԱؿЩȫûУеֻĹµͼį 
֣䷢ץ⶯˵Ȼ£ֻ밲ο֧ 
Աؿ˵򵥵ĶԼСϲ򵥵ĶԼϣ 
ؿٿؽֳأҪˣҪЩůˡ 
ӽᣬֻԼķʽȥϲĬĬػһԶͺá 
֪޴󰭣ҹϢؿȻ뿪 
ؿһߣյ΢΢ζշתѣовŨŨıˣؿһϣİս 
֪ĵĹ¼ţֻ׽ΪʲᶮԼҪȥ˺ 
ؿԭңҲá 
Сħȥˡ 
ҹһ̺࣬ӸסԼ 
ľٶҹĽ𣬵װˣ۽졣 
һҹз˫ۣһ 
ϣܿĿ⣬Ҳ 
ʲƲֹ֣۵Ϊ˻زȥգҹ϶ͱؿйأԸ˵ԼҲʱ䣬ߺ߶٩òǶӶ˰ɣ˭ֻС˯Զ 
һۣ³νЩĵʱֻ˵Сڹ꣬ʲʱܳСˡ 
˶ˣȥףһ¡ 
ףʲ᣿²˳ʱʲֵףȤ 
ҹŤЦףʧ 
ȥġ 
һ֣ıھһɨ⣬ĸϻ 
ȥģ 
ˢϴԷ 
ָԪҹһЦҲϡ 
òʱ䣬ûӰæµĴ⣬֮ͩϷ硣 
ֻײ飬ʵò𻨣ֻͷʳҹί˵СӸ˯ѣ 
νеġϷҲֱ˵⡣ 
ҹһЦó̿϶кܴջ񡣡 
Ŷ𡣡ϷЦЦĴ崺Ȼ̬ 
ҹҲԣ΢Ц˳硣 
Եٻᡣ 
Ϸһתʽ̤˵ó̡ 
64 
ϷһߣµĻʽֿʼת 
ڲõĽϷֽ鶫½δȴǡ 
Ϸ磬ʧһÿԭء 
ҹЦĲãеʳﶼƽζˣĿһɨһͷ־ͷǳû취죿 
һģһԽʳĵ磬֪ 
Ϊҵ磬ҲŲ֪ 
ֲε˵Ϊ֮ᣬʳſʣõ㿴ʲ᣿ 
˵Ҳ 
һ˻ 
סĳ嶯Ʋ㲻˵Ҷ 
Ҹۡ 
Լ취ٿվֱӻط 
ιԴҩҹҲβϣϵι 
һ˵ŷԼرʧĻᱻŭֵĸ컥 
MC 
һ˵ͼΣҹҲʣ˵ֲЪ˹͵ޡ 
ιֹ½Ųĵĺᡣ 
ûЦ㡣 
Ӿ;ú׽ŪҹüЦ˵ҲСһȻޱޣòҰɡ 
赭дˣһֱҧгݵĿᵽ˴סʹŵҪСϣ϶һӷ 
ҲŴҶ꣬˵ҵĺ㡣ط䣬ȥ 
ңʧޡԭҹͿҪ˵ƣҪ޵ݡ 
𳳡 
ʲ𳳣Һ飬㵽ҪҪȥ 
ֲ˵㿴ʲᣬۡ 
һһȥģֻһƿţͻȻؿӰסͻȻ滹治֪ʲ̬ 
ؿţѹȴҲûֳǰЦҳȥ档 
һ뵽ѹڴϣЩڵĽ뵽ѹ飬ʵȥ棿 
á 
ƳڴЩ֪룬ʼн١ 
ҹ濴оܾԸǷҪˡ 
һȥﳶٲΡ 
뵽Ҫȥ𣿡 
ҹɨؿһŵʧ䣬Цؿ˵ɣȻģ 
ԡ 
ֻҪһﶼã⻰ؿֻҷֵĸ֮ǰһװʲ¶û˵ϲ£ϻбһжˣԼˡ 
ȥɹɣҲ뿪ˡҹ˵ 
뿪Ҫȥģ 
״ķҹһۣһȭѵҪⰲꡣ 
ûĿĵءﰴ۵Դ 
Բ۰˭ֻ֪С˯ 
С 
ƽİñؿĲζڵɱ¾ȼɱҹͷ˿ԸıԼˣǵһ뵽⣬ؿǿһ˿һϢչ¶±һתǬ۲Ϊ 
ǳҪȥߡҹߴ 
ƳǽС֣⿴Ӱ֪һٿҧԼĴһ޹ģ 
ʱ̬ŻĲ£᲻ 
߰ɡһ죬֡ 
ҹһڣĹѪͷͲЩľٶлһúúýҪõ̬ٹ϶ΪһĴˡ 
ؿ֪ûȥҹ֮أٶˣ᲻߲ﻹһ¶ȣϣһģֻǿͷҲأе¶Ҳı䡣 
ѵõĳΣǽеһΡ 
Ȼũ춾״̬ԲӰַ̽Ÿչһ֣ҹĻӻӵ̨ܾһѷǱҪƷȻսƷȫ䵽ϡ 
ؿΪܲһûжŵֿԼǰҲĲɹ 
ûʲᾫıؿ·ЩڱЩһ㣬Сǰ·ҲˣнĶҹǷߺޡ 
Ը 
ҰͻȻһϵƷҲ࣬ḺĲǷɹҹ 
ؿ˿лûУЩǸԼãһۣ㲻͵õ𡣡 
ݷͷȣֻҹһŭ˵ 
ؿ΢ѾˣȻ˱Ǹࡣ 
ǣҹߺһһС˻صңһЩʱ䣬㽫ϵĴСȫ㶨ٴ· 
һ־ͿϴҪ갢ũ֣֪̽ 
ϵᣬҹȫûʿɶֹļһֱĬٰѳֲסǰֹ򵥵Ϊ 
Щõĵ 
֮ǰıܲˣھȻƤմɡ̶ŮЬӡȵȡ 
ȫƷƲЩ˵һǮ̫Ҳġ 
֪ò뻨Ǯ 
ûʵ˵εǮܺãҲûҪݳްɡ 
ʲᣬǮûֻҪˡҹָԼԴǵ⡣ 
һۣеǹԹҹˡ 
б¾취ǻȥһ䣬ﲻֹˣӻ 
ҹϰĵ٩Ǯ򵥡 
뿪̣ҹֱӽ̼ң޲ðȴҲֹ 
Ƴվԭط㶵ıؿ̾ǰˣ 
ؿһۣ˿ 
䵭̬ﲢϣֱڽĳ 
ﲻ֪Ҫʱ飬Щ⣬ΨһǣȻദΪʲỹҪţǽҹղͽ㡣 
65 
ԶıؿͻȻصǰЦܵӦò 
ԣ 
ݸһЦ˵Լһֱǡ 
ؿҲգͷһһǣǴ⣬ᶨľĺȼ 
ͻһȻĽ¡ 
ؿһ֣㿴㣬֣ҲУҾܵܣҲã𡣡 
ͷһ࣬޷ؿֵֻΪǺ̬Ǿûʲᣬǳ/̬ء 
ؿЦץĸ˵ףġ 
ıȫ޷ŵأ߳ŭĵҪ𣿾˵Ҹϲһ 
ո֮ǰҶԽأңڲˣ֪Ϊʲ𡣡 
Ʋһ֪ 
ֻҪ룬ûʲ°첻ģܾڣ֮㻹֣ᷢŲš 
ʲ˼ 
ؿЦݣָԴΪǣǽļ䣬˵òá 
ңٿվǱصŭ˲䱬 
ʲ᲻ҡ 
ŭؿҲηĻһ䣬֮ǰˣõķΪʲҪ֮á 
ؿȴͻȻЦñ 
ŭЦʲᣬ͵Ҫհɣڵŭѹ˫ֲʹĽȭǷһֱǻȴĻ 
ؿЦݣݷ֪뷨Ϊһ 
ĿһȻҲΪǲҪģҪϲңϲһ 
ϻǰٰΣǺãؿ˹ȱҪģҪˡ 
һؿҲϰˣϣӦʲᣬ߰ɣҶӶˡ 
ﱻͷͣϴů 
͹Ҳȫӡ󣬻ǰҹķһƲع 
ʲᣡףʱʲ 
ףʲ᣿ 
ףʧϲ˵ˣҹûһš 
Ŷ 
ﹾ༸ڽҹܺãϲָ 
ʧ 
ͻȻȥģ˭ʧ 
ƶˣİ 
һ֣ﾫһ񣬶ƱΪزȥǬ 
ףʣǬһ 
ҹһǴۣ׳հһزȥͻصȥ 
ףﲻϲҡͻȻһ䣬 
ؿͷһȵеˮľ 
ҹЦúúãΪؿʧǬ 
ʲ 
ЦõĿǣⱭƺȵĺһƲĸ塣 
ҹ٩ٺȣΪʧǬ 
ŶҲʧ 
˿ˣף 
ﱻЦһм 
ıؿ΢΢һЦҹ΢Ĺۣ֪Լͬ˼ȴԼĿĽ 
ؿⱭҾ㣬Ͽȥ磬Ϊħҹֿʼɡ 
׼߳ԣԴвĵ˵ǾͲѡ 
ιɨʲˣ͹һȥҹ˵СһҪǲħԭ硣 
ź 
ؿЦ֪ 
䣬ˬ±ֻĻشǶ˭˵Ҳû׷ʡ 
ⳡףһѺ½ֱҹҲ춽 
صõ꣬ҹӵϣͷ͵ĸ¡ 
ֻǲŸƣؿͳǻط˯ 
Ҳ붯ˡ 
˫ɫԴʧ֮ɫｫԼһؿؿ 
ʲ£ 
⣬һԶĵԲһѹԭҡҲǹҪѹġ 
Щؿͷһۿȣѹҧһκò 
һѽԼˣǸҲ࣬Ḳһǣ 
ȻֻḧһǣԱؿ˵һԼſĴ죬оķŸҽͷ̽롣 
ﱻǵĻһҲĻۡ 
˳ñؿӴ󵨣һȼȥֵҲֻˣ 
ؿ뿪Ĵӣպʹ꣬һĨĭգۼѱԭΡ 
𣿡 
ʲ᣿ 
 
һЦھͺ 
⻰ڱؿֱжĿӣӲͦ绺Ū 
ƾĻ͵Ťӣ䷢ĵ 
ñؿ͵ķֻǣҲȫɵڿϵᣬŵŴۣؿ 
Լղ˵Ļղŵľٶɫ֣࣬Ѿȫˡ 
찢ⲻڹ𡭡 
ļ 
 
һһƮƵ˼ĿдϣֻȼĳͻȻȵĿǻУ⶯ǻشĵ⡣ 
ƳһĲµҹιȥԼȻѾƿڿˣͣ 
ؿɻĿʵ 
ǺδйĿ㣬̹ףҽϣ˳ȥ 
ؿ£ΪʲͻȻҪڣ˵ԲҲԣҺȶˣ㡭ᡣ 
һɻһʹǰο뵽Լ޷ӦĸᣬƿľٶԲϢ 
ΪʲҪһδεĸϣһδεľܾؿֺܲȵ̬ȣһҧҲʧ 
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ﱻԼоܣԼȻ޲ʱֱܵ´ɱȥ 
ֻǲݵͱһӲ֮ʱһ˫ֱ۽ûͷҲ֪˭ 
Ҫȥģ 
˯ȵϢڶʣ絶ͣˣﲦϵֱۣ˾롣 
ؿֽԼط˯ 
ȥɣҡҡ 
£ؿɤʣ㻹˯⣿ 
һĽŵ״ϣǿҵѹȸʵ˫ȴĸ 
ſ 
ؿԸȴҪط 
ؿҡԲ 
˵ؿָסĴһĨЦݣԣطȥ˯ 
ԣ 
ʲᶫĲڴϵָ⣺Żطȥҽ˯⡣ 
䣬̸оеǿϢһ߿ĆAAҹǰĝĽͨߩҹ 
ֻĴ־һѪ¥ߵҡҡλΣʹİӱⳤ³ԴԴϵĺɫҺڵϻһѪ 
һյۻſǰľɣʱſؿеС 
ⲻİɣ 
𾪲ѣڽ࿴ 
˭ǱؿΪʲҪɱ 
ǰеİһﷺ𣬿ڣŷں䡣 
һ죬΢Σߴ׳˶ĝڵϣϢ 
ܵƻȼ콫˯е˾ѣҲʵ 
ؿ֣΢΢һЦԻط˰ɡ 
طȻֻΪԼط 
ɨĝеķŭһӿϣѹں˳Ϊʲᡭ 
ʣؿȻһЦɱûطȥˡ 
⻰ؿһϣݷȫͣˣԾϼǰҲתͷߡ 
Ǹµ۰ıؿ 
ǸԼĲµİ 
Ǹ̹׹ͷԼ֪ 
ؿǵ߸ħ 
һҹ˵ĻԺݸЦԭԭ 
еһעˣɱ¾ıԡ 
ᣬһ֮ʹŵķңһֱģһֱΪеۡ 
ĲͻȻֹסͷһˡ 
ȫĴղŲ֣ԼûзǲǾͲ 
ִߺ͵ߵ˭ĴЦĵǴ𰸣ʵһȭʯһżȫйʯשϡ 
Ѿˣ˱Уͳɤӳˬʲᣡ 
ﳯȥӰӰдܳЦ鼫ʱ򾹻ңЩѹһתЩƺŭԶӶ 
վסһ׷еȥ 
ݷ᳤ֻֻۣһ࣬ӵ͵Ϯ˿գ˳жºľ 
ҲˣûѣЩҲ˵ 
ջǰﾹҲӲȭ 
óѵĺһ£ȴЦʹš 
һ죬ӵĳߵǰָϲԶˣֵһϰɡ 
ԸԴ̬𹫷ߣӶԼһ̧ͻȥʵʵػ 
ʹüȴЦֻʹɨߝĻ棬ȥղŵ£ҲѷԼһգЩˡ 
ӱĲ㲻ס˿׸ģǰֻǡ 
ǰĬʮĴ㶲׵ڰգһƬԼϸСˮ 
ۣЩ˵ۣŴ죬ľҲǣֻˮǵľ䣬һѪȪʺҺ塣 
ԼǰıӰİŭʲᣡ 
ˡ 
ؿͷϵѪۣΪ˲㡭Ϊʲ᲻أ 
ѹ΢΢һЦֵûϵӽұ㡣 
ɵˣҪǸղűվЩǲǾͲᡭ 
ʹͬʱ˵ưһһűߡ 
̱ˣϢһȭʲᣡ 
ؿ죬ҲշۣϼȭС˿ڵϣҲˡ 
ٿؽֳأƳ綯ֵ˻㶣ʾ뿪 
ؿֹȥȻͷ͸ǰ˯ʱҾɱˣҲǣǸҹạ̃Щ˾ԸǾ㡣 
˵ͷؿҧгݣһӣѾܳڵĺͻȻֹ² 
ؿЦݣȥǻȥɡ 
߽ڵĺϣ־䶼һĴ̽Ŀɱ¾Ȼ 
ҧֹסԶһӵڵأ֪ˣһգԺǽҹı 
ؿ֪һ㶼ڣﻹ㣬㲻һذҹ֮أҲǿ㲻ϲҲûϵҲ׼κ׽Ȼ³ǽ 
вң 
ǡ 
벻ʱ̹ףЦĺϲ̹ףϲЦҪ˳Եӣϲҵʱ򣬾ΪһΪĽģļįµ 
ÿһϲñؿеϲãϲ 
¶֪ҿԽܣ˺Ҳԣǣؿ 
¶֪ 
ῴԼؿһЦǶûǴ 
ߵЦӽᣬǲѡ 
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뿪ʼЧڸۣһתȥֻûԶֱסȥ· 
ãѣˡؿЦ 
￴ݷץʹҪϢ̧̧ͷһҵ˼ǣᶼټ㣬ڡ 
ñؿٴεȵףȻ֪˼زٺ£ǻȻĵ벻ңԶǡ 
ｫƿŷ֮ĹͨԶǶš 
ؿһ̽ץأ˰ʯϣרעӡ 
ʱ仺ţʼû죬ϢС 
Ĭⲻĵʧѹı䲻ľܿ˫ɫӣſڣȴ̽ 
ļͻȻŨңٿصۣѲۺͷݺҧ⡣ 
ϻҲֻΣؿĲԸ뿪޼ɵĳ·յϥһ̧ͳײȥ 
ؿƺһۿһȣԵָʹѹԼеϣǻĿͰĲ͵ֿԼϵʹЩʹȲˣҲҪǵʹʹƬҧϡ 
ʹͻȻƬ䣬ŨѪҺǿдЩȥЩ 
ʹŷ˿ҲԼ 
ؿںϢ֮ʣָ̽ĿУմ𤻬ѪҺƬʹ𣿡 
˿ڱ⸧ȴֻܿǷǱһ֮ǣֶ̧С 
ؿ°ͣԵ绹ҵ磬ʹֻңҵҲֻ㣬𡣡 
ڣڹŰǵǰڵ飬ԼķһգЩڽűߵʬ 
ϲϲ𡭡 
ΪʲᱻϲС 
ϲ˴ѹӲߵ 
ǰͲܣڸԸ۵ĳУߡʧѹۿһȣͷˮ 
 
ƳǷۿ򣬱ؿͣŪľٶжǣס֣Сɱ𣿡 
᣿û˻ϲɡ 
ﻺ˭Ǳؿ𣿡 
ؿһһɣ૵ҲǱؿ˭ 
ԼҲ·޹飬һ½ϵĿӣ㲻ʶıؿҪҵ壬ȥ 
ҲҪ 
ؿյֹľٶˮڽɫдתҧʵħ壬ɱﲻԣϲ㣬ɱЩˣΪʲ㲻ҪҲϲңΪʲҪһֱһֱѹ¡ 
ҹأΪʲɱ 
Ҳϲ 
ܺá˵ֱ׳ﳹʧˣҲϲ㣬ǰ 
 
ؿĽлûֻѲľӾڣۼĻƳʬ壬ܵ 
ԶӰؿһѳǰ 
ħ壡Χ˺ 
ؿں·ӳֱۣ˵ֻҪ룬ûҰ첻ģǵҸ˵ҿǣ쿴ģͲˡ 
ĪﲻһǻǿѹԱؿһһееѡϲңҲںҵԸ 
˵ƽؿĵսľΧͿںŵķĿһ 
ؿǿҵϢٴļȴ޷ֹ 
ΧϣʮһѲ߶ȫء 
·ڻæӣǰ֧Ԯľڿͬ鵹ٿֹ½ŲԶָѲ߶顣 
ӦҫĽɫӱѪ죬գۼ䣬桤֣Щ̫ 
һһؿڣ˼ȫɢˣҲˡ 
ؿؿ 
ĽлȵҺֹסĶ˻ߵİſ־źһĶ 
ۼһżľ׷׵أˣиĲЩ˵еۣᡣ 
ؿ 
һþĽкסؿо 
ѽǰ˫ӱĳ죬ͣ͸ˮΣһΪá 
İҹ֮ء˵ҧгݣӲͣﺦ£ǰˣصĲкʬ飬´ľ 
ʹͬʱһħǷؿһӣɵ¡ 
Щ޼İߣɱ¾ûʲù˼ɣƵڰյħʹе桤է֣ɱȼһԾڿնȥһĨɷĹЦݡ 
׷һϵɱ¾֪ɱˣɱû 
һؿһֹʣظһǣȴħ屾ǻԵ壬ɱ쾭£ɱҲȻ£ѵҪ׸ 
²ƳһԵħʹѣؿסۣʣ𿴡 
䣬һ߰˶ȵİ⺰ӲԶÿҲֶ֪ˣһĨ̵ˮ˳ 
ΪЩ鹹ѹΪǸɱСӣֻ򡭡 
Ĵдӱؿ䴫ȥ֪Լ桤ֵס 
 
ԼħȻѹȻͻ桤֣Ȼɱ⣬־ñؿɿ 
Ƴ˫ѲѹĻ죬ħۣ֮Ϊϻʧأû뵽ѵĺܣԼŵĻ 
һҪ· 
ｫԼк˼ؿڣͷһ㡭 
ŵؿˣȪԸ⣬ͷһ࿿ļ磬һЦҺøˡ 

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ؿڵ˱ؿһҲʹ͸ҲˣܱãҪġ 
֪ʶӣҽģҺϣᶼǣҺֻһ 
оеͻȻϽס𽥷׵ӳƬӿС 
ɱΪɱ¾ 
ɱΪµỹҪ³ 
ɱͺɱԼһĺ궼˺ˣΪˣΪѹˣĻʹġ 
Ƴʹ飬ؿ΢΢һЦϣҺܸม 
Ψһľܵĳ챧ԹǺóûˡ 
ħʧؿӿʼһۣңԶӮٳŲס 
ﱧ˵أ뿪һСξ룬ħʹסǵȥ·ֻĵطȴЩ˽֣һԸƺûԸȫ 
ЩħʹԴʱ˵ĺܰ£ݸ̾ؿ˵İֻۣҲɱЩˡ 
ͷ𣬾δѸоһǿϢ䣬ڵĿռͻȻŤΣŴ棬ؿѱȥһûؿڵ桤ֱǿаγ 
ǿʹñؿѣˮɫħƴ 
һ̧׵Ĺħֱ˶ܶУƺһصˤص档 
ǿվܰȻأΪؿһסûûˤ³ 
ǿᣬؿڵأͷһȪˮħ˳ 
һΣһԽؿٳ﷢һ֮ĹٳԶ 
 
һϢıؿһһҫ۵Ĺâܡ 
Ƭ̹ᣬָֻҹ֮ɫֻħʧڰũ¡ 
ȴʬ㳡һڡ 
һصҹ֮أ˶ؽ磬ıؿˮ֮ء 
ϽŵϣɵؽԼħָһΪǰ˿ڡ 
ιᣬɫɷѿշתѣͣжڨЦ˹ˣȻһ㡣 
ؿһЦԼҲζҲĨЦԽá 
ϲõɲּ㿪֪֪˷ҶԼ 
ֻܰƣɢ۵ħʵΪ 
ؿӣҪ 
ȥ棬ֱԵʲᣬǷΪڵ״ 
֪ 
һһڻؾ붼룬ҷ˶󹦷Ųغص㻹ڹ¶ˡ 
ؿټ֣ʱȷʵҪһεˣǲѡƽʱҪһħʹĻҪӦʡ 
һ˼֪ڶʲͷڵԸæɣҳȥˡ 
 
лӦ֤˵Ĳ²⣬εͣ½ŲᴫҪ󣺡 
۷ߣЩЩָĵǸࣿЦ˹֪ܲҪǸ࣬һĴڣڼֱ¼޻񻰣ʸıˣ˵ûɱǸѾʴȣ㻹Ҫ 
Щؿֽ֪ȭҧҵ󡣡 
ЦץԼĴ꣬ʺʰҵˣȻҿҪر𡣡 
ؿһɤԡ 
ҲޡſЦǸӣĽǵľ⣬³Ƭ 
ؿȻϲҲδ˸ֻҪҪʲᡣ 
Ƴ˫ϵЦȥӣ˹Ƿˡ 
˻ˣȻԸĵѵó飬ѱȻΪһֵزһ뿪 
˳ӶǸ࣬˴סʹţǲҲȡ˼ˣǷߺޣѵĵֱɣ˵ʲ󡣡 
ؿЦԳڵ¼޶磬ָ㲻ɱҾͺܸлˡ 
Ŀһһת뿪 
ֻǣȴһҺҪ 
ֹ²ͷҲصĵ˵֪ħ֪꣬ͬϵһΪһŹǸࣿ 
ȰӰһ㡣һ䣬ǻȥ 
ûӦûгŵؿ֪ԼҪ뿪ҹ֮ˡ 
ͷյʱвܺǷѳ˱ؿǣĿһ˴ۡ 

69 
һҹɱ¾ũҲעλ춶½Ѹ׵ʥãɳӢǰ֧Ԯַ 
ʥãǶħʹۼأҲ½ҵĵλ 
İũ˼ۣŨıʹΪ˰˿ǵѡݡˡǰ¡ 
Ȼ˺ﱧҹҲõһҹߣȻȫݾƾֻ֮û뵽һȫˡ 
˿е֪ҹɱ¾״Ҳ˵ף֪ⳡɱǱؿɵģΪʲ£֪Ҳ²ȴּɣ˵ʧҲģűؿĳŵɫ鰧ݡ 
İ˾Ϊⳡɱ¾˵ֻǹµķչֻ鹹յĽͨ߾ȻݱѹֵûǮһͷ 
æµһ磬ڸ㶨µĽͨᣬҹſʼѰʧ˿ڣұõ᷽꣬յأҲǵӰӡ 
СİҶɣ 
͵ȫˣշߺ޵ȥ㳡ʬ 
ҹǶɱ¾ֳ֪ȥˡ 
㳡ϻƬѪҺֵΧʱӣϡɼͷеʬ壬ŨζŲĪҹ 
ȾףĻ֣ؿԳģҹͷһľѡɱ¾˳ԼˣӦǸ˵£ΪʲеѹЦȴЦ 
ܵıˣҡˡ 
ټ٣ʵҲֻһ֮䣬ʲ桭ʲǼ١ 
ߵĻҹϵѪ˫մҺʱЩҲ˼룬 
ÿ꣬ܺܿ϶˵鹹 
һԱؿеĻҹȻ 
ǰꡭ 
ûὫָ 
ⲻҵ鹹 
ҹɻˣ˦˦ͷ޷ʵԡ 
ӻ˼뿪ɱ¾㳡ȥģûĿģˣˣ㶵߱鰢ũ 
鹹˵գһжʵҲûа취ᶨʼҡ 
ģʲᡭҹʵૣ𽥵ͳŷԼһ磬ŷ뿪˰ũ 
һҲƳںӰԵҹ¶ЦݣĴջ 
ԽҹϵЦݣᣬֻǱӰȥįȾһ㰧 
ʧҹҲĬĬվᣬؿԶ 
ʱ佥ţʲᣬҹ֪վ˶ãҹҲֻ֪֪ԼȺᣬӺܶԽ״ᣬʹˣҲ 
ٺջڵĲĻ¹أһ紵ҹЩ⡣ 
ƳɪӣҹΪϣľٶһ΢΢ 
ҹʹȻΪ£ȥɡ 
￴һˮֹ̲ˮҺ 
ҹһḧıͷ 
֪ѹ֪ʹģѱؿҪˣܽĴɱ䣬ԼҲ޷ĻھᣬҲ޷֮ǰֱ׳ؿɱ¾ǶԵġ 
еӸO@ҹ§ĸǶţʱľ鷢йЩ˴ 
ϢĿҹۣƳ˫׵˫ۣ٩仯գȴ֪˵Щʲᡣ 
ؿ 
㿪˿ڣֻʵ㣬һ仰Ҳ˵ãֵδ 
֮Ǵ¿ˮһŲĶɣɿҹҲܣֲȥϵۣ˵Ҷ֪ 
֪ 
ͷҿһۣĵѹҪ 
ҹھΣ֣ǻȥɡ 
ﲻֻûԶͻȻֹ²˦ҹ֡ 
һ˻ѹֵըˣڵϣصȭͷûء 
 
ңңҲҪҪͲĻطȥҹͲҲҪվЩҲᱻɱ 
ͻȻ˻ֻħṥʬľһеһжճɵġΪʲûΪʲһ 
ҹȻⱬĳ٣ܱȲĺá 
ؿΪʲΪɱ¾ߣҹˣĻȼ 
ûǳû磬ؿԼķչ 
ҹ˦˦ͷԴͲʺ˼˼ֻϸĽ죬Ű Լӡ 
Ĵҹļ磬 
ǡҵĴ 
ԣĴɵģҹ϶Ե˵ 
겻ĵ¡ϲҲĻɱҹ˵ΪϲңɱЩˣϲҴкصУҸ˵üβϲҰԼֲҪҪ˾ͺˡ 
 
ҹҪõ뷨ֻ鹹Ҫ˼롣 
֪Ӵ̽Ƥĸо𡣡 
һۣ̯Լָоܹ֣Ϊ̴ƤҪѺô죬֪ 
ͣ˻ؿֵΪɱ˱ȽʹҵĺʹʹɱԼһɱΪʲ£ЦˣЦڡΪʲҪɱǲˣǲˣǲˡ 
û 
ҹ֪ˣҲܻ 
𰸰ૣҹʹࡢЩ˵İҶһֱУ۾Щֳˣ϶ѪĿҡбؿЦӡɱ˵ӡӡ 
ȥ롣 
ҡۡҿ졭 
ͻȻԼѣûʸ˵衱ü뷨ңԸȥ룬ӾǲʹۣһƬѪ죬ÿ¶Ŀȥ˻վǰ 
ҹǻȥòá 
ȥҪȥ΢΢ͷһֱظ 
ҹͷһϣ֪Ļȥԭ磬ԼȴΪ 
һΣҹԼе¶ȸԼ粻ųֻб˴ܻ֡ 
70 
صõ꣬ĵƻƣ԰׵ɫҹ˺ô󾢲һѪ£һЩʳߡ 
һҹ˯ĺܲȣ˯õƵƵжҹ۵Աߣָ¶ȡͷġ 
ҹû¸ʲף磬ҪԼûһлᷢȻҪСһﷸݲУӣ͸ˣȥˡ 
δҹеãȻֿ 
˯жüָƽǽüͷľǲУֻͻȻſۿ컨壬ҹѾ˾ռߣˣˣ 
￴Ժġ 
С˯ɵ 
СﲻüŲŲְ˫۱ϡ 
ҹһЦȻòıԹͿ飬Ӧ֮ǰĴ㶺̫ˡ 
ҹҹ 
ʲ£ 
֣ƣȴʹҡ 
ץʹ𣿡 
ҹϽֻ֣û뵽ﾹȻ˵ؿ֪ɱ㡭 
ȥģԴʲᡣ 
ҹյĸһǣ۵ĵɱң롣 
ҹϴƣıҪ˯ˡ 
ȥһ㡭ҹᣬ⽫ĸ 
ҹҹѽſȥ 
ҡ 
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ʹ 
һУӿ춯Ѳְףһӵʱ䣬ݷɱ˰ͷ 
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˻С䣬˵״ȹ̶ѣȥҽ 
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ʣֻڰҹ˵ͬʱƮɢһϢ 
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ﱻҹĹЦĺë𣬴Цʲ᣿ 
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ΪҲͬ˼ΪԽ⣬Ϊӽ᲻ðŪҲȴ벻ĻشǣΪ㿴ˣҡԲ᲻ˡ 
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ҹһԹ̺ղѡ 
ҹ 
ҹͻȻϣȥ㵵Ĵ΢΢ſҹ̽룬򦣬ĳݱ 
ͻļɵסȻعֿܾҲˡ 
һ֪Լǰͷൽһԡ 
ҹɻλã§ߣ´λҲס 
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ߴ֨֨ĶҹҲû׷ʣֻһǵϴηǱؿʱû⣬Σ̬ȫȻͬղſþôûԼһ 
һ˯ȥι 
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ϲ¶ȺӵǣҲеţղǸǶϲЩֻľԪأĴ߻ 
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ʵ˵ҹҲ֪͵ϣ־Ͳһ㶰Լػٲȥݡ 
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ǹӦʿɶֹǣһģ;ÿɰĲˣɿãٴϡ 
ﱻǵĲҶĿԴĻ磬Խǣʱ¸һɧٲˡ 
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һ㵴㶣ҹŷԼʧԣǣǿһЦЦģ㲻Ըɡ 
ͷǿͷȥͲ̧ 
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ӣδڵҳ֣ҹ˱ĽƽŷһΣ뵱ȻһֱǵĴƵ 
Ȼˣǰķݣ 
þüĵ죬ദûиһķչӦ֮⣬һжҹ޴ޡ 
Ҳݵͣӳʵ࣬ҹ˼룬żЩֲЩ޷мܣҲԽܡ 
 
һһĳᡣ 
ҿˡｫݻȥ 
̧ۿǶµĹ⾰Ȼܶһ顣 
Ŷ֮ʲ뷨 
ٶʮҳ鼮ǰһʮҳһñ׾ķѰĵĿʮҳЩͷĸֻУǱҲҪҿ˼һǳЦ𣿡 
Ц΢΢һЦ㲻ѧдˡ 
 
ȥһ׷ǰӵһμ浽ڣNˣΪʲҪɱң 
ΪʲᡭȻǿ㲻˳ۡ 
˵ףҲΪʱͷˣĸΪʦɱѧҹ˼⡣ 
ҲûԼĶֿûһУ֪ڷܡ 
˵ʱʲ˼ﲻĵļ׷ʡ 
ɱ˵Ȼÿ飬ʲʡ 
һɣʺţȴ֪Ӻ𣬵һͷˡ 
׷׵ľܵš 
Žݣͱ֪û˯ҹŵ顢޲׺Ϭѯʵ䵽㡣 
˵ҵˣ 
ﲻ̫ţ˵ǡ 
㻹 
ʵ 
صѧϲǺһЦ 
䣬㳯ȥƳ󲽸ϵҹ΢ͷһתȥ 
ҹһգۼʧڻɪС 
㲻ħʹﴦһתħȻ򣬿ϣ˴𰸣ûˡ 
ЦС򣬵֪Ϊʲ𣿡 
֪ 
Сʵаţϣֻֻ̬Ҫһ뿪 
һͷڷ˿ị̄ۿжèͫӣ̬Զˣħգۼɱ˹㳡ˡ 
λָ̬õе˼飬Ȼɱ¾ͷڵѪҺϸҲ 
һ㵣ЦǵҰɡ 
һ΢΢ͷģĵ龰ֻصǰŵ񲻶 
ʮĴ֪ΪʲҪɱ˰ɡ 
Ϊؿ 
ҵѧ 
Ŀ϶ԼͱϵһʧЩӶǲǱԼɱˣҹ˵ûУţû 
ﲻ϶ˣСʣ𣿻ǡ 
Ҫˣվ⡣ 
ЦȻʣѵ֪Ȫ빲 
ѶϢͻ͵֮˵ǱؿûɱԼ 
Ҳ׷ʣǵʵԵ˹ʲ̬ǹƭ 
˵ȴ²ϰ仰 
ܰ㡣 
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İԼеη壬İ춷ͷһ࣬üԻȥ𡣡 
ճڣָĿڣҪɱңǵĻͶ֣ǵĻȥ 
̬õֱԵȻҺɱ㣬Ҳᶯ㣬Ϊǵ˹ˣҪ 
ľԴһƬհףصɪС򣬺ӡ 
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ӵĿ⣬ҹûı飬Ҫȥ 
ͷҲ̧ĵ׼ 
ҹĹ׼׼һҪˣθвûֻԭ̤ 
ſ 
ǺһЦλϣʲᣬżûѡ 
˭֪ǲǲˡ 
ˣҹһ˵ģ˴㶵ģ޾ɿ˾Ͱۣ㱳飬ȥ 
ţüվ⡣ 
 
һҹ˷ܵسǰһˣЦˣ 
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ʲ᣿ 
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ҹߺ߶תڼ顣 
ǬõݸΪҪŻݡ 
ʲ£ 
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Ե̨һָӡ 
ʱ̫ࡣ٩ϻؿҲֻǳͣʱ伸龹ȻʱԸ⡣ 
ﲻǻ־ͽݸ 
һ죬Ǿæֱ̣Ϧ£ˣ̨̱ЪϢ 
ʣµԼȥϢ 
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ҹ춴󹦸ɣһӣлл 
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۹æõĳɾ͸л˴õ￪ĵĺܡ 
ֻҪⶫ˿ȴǺ⣬һתˡ 
ϣΪϢû뵽ӿʼݷǰһʣʲ᣿ 
ֻһԵƤҹڰũӣ˷ѡ 
̫ġ 
ͷּæ 
һɨƳݲҲֽţϽ˵Իһľ壬ʵЩҪʲ᣿ 
֪롣 
ûŻЩֵȵȹԷȻȥ 
ҲԶûͻȻ˵ħֻܲɱ𣿡 
ѵЦֹ²磿Ǻǡĸ粻ǿʳħɱ࣬ʲ᲻ԣѵ˵ɱǶԵġ 
ЦĿȻ̬ɱ¾ȻУԲϣͬĺƽӡ 
˵Ҳǡվ͸еһͷΣҪƾͱһס 
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ֳ鰮⣬ܣˮԵȥʵ˹ 
ͷЩһ˵Ķԣ²ǿȣҪѡ 
ȥ˵ЩҪɱˣҪðɱ˵Ľڡ 
ЦĸпһγãԼѾõҲܵõһӦ 
㻹ģǲܸıʵ 
Ϊʲᣡ 
Щħ嶼ԼԸ 
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ŭ𣬵벻Լ侲뷨ҵ磬ûӵеУеֻɱ¾ұɱҲΪ棬ҲͬϣҲУɱЩףҵһǿߡ 
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ڿռʹȻг뷨߲ﾲ 
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õ̫ࣿ˵ݸ 
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ҡ 
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˵ϲϰߣٴɣѧʶֵǶӣʹҲ˼رͲϿ 
ϲȰͷ˹֪Ź 
ǡʱһ׮һģһգ֪ 
˭ԾҪ˭Ҫϲ˭㲻С 
ʡΪʲ᡹ȴûڣֻҪصԭ磬ؿĴԼһϵҲûС 
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ﲻͬҪº𣬵ȴϢ˼룬飬˭֪ 
ߡͻȻץ˫󣺡Ҳһˡ 
ȥǰɣҹܵ㡣 
ңӦ˾Ȼڣ͵ˣһ̽ҲҲӰ 
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˰ɡЦÿſ̲סˡ 
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һңΪݣΣȷֽȥһ̽˿ˣòԺҵ͵Ӱ˾Ĺһ𣬽ҹ챻Ͱ 
Ȼǿǰᣬֻǰ֪ʶȤ뿪һߣŬ˼׸òøס 
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˵ɾݷУźûܺһͣڸ 
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ϤҹO@һ¾ֹסίĺءǸġҪҡ 
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֪ĹǣһӾͰѵƸˣһ¾Ͱѿˣһ¾磬ǵҹһ鱧Թ㡭ûȤ 
ȻӺͼ־ڱϵ˲ʧţĺȳһ 
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ձһǣĻѳֵסǻ§ƽŻشϡ 
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Ƭ̣ѱ𶥣ҹں޲±Ǹ⣬ȫıѹǰڹŰǱԹԼ·̫죬ٶȸй֮޲ 
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ϧ֪Ҫ̸飬һĵľ˼һתʣ֪ħ𡣡 
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⻰ɰҹ죬ǵЦϻԲˬˤͷѪ 
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Լ˵ġ 
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û뵽ȻԼĿ࿴ӿ޸ж 
Ӧʲ᣿ 
ûʲᡣƳǵ飬ҹɿסֻ֣С¶ѣΪҸԸ 
һǣһ⣬̿סЦһ仰ͰҹҪѧд֣ΰ𡣡 
㲻˵ 
˦֣ĸжһɨ⡣ 
ҺఢⰧȻԶ 
ϣĻ棬ԼͷȰ̾һϲǻһ𣬹ϲǻ 
һһ˳ж 
ҹı⣬Ǿǣʲò֪ 
Ŷ𣿡ͷһ࣬Ƴȥ֣ҵ 
ɽĻֳأôߡ 
ԭbɣͻȻЦ 
ЦƨҹĴ𣬾ͲˬЦֻ 
ȻЦbɣֻҪˮͿԽ⣬ƫƫиķ˵òЦ 
ҹһ°ȥײӣһѿ㣬ʱۻľҹȫһ˫׾֡ 
ɣ˵ҵƫҪǵͬ飬һڡ 
ϲҹģң 
߳ŭϽͷҿ 
ҹŭɵһۣӽ쿪ʼҲѧʶˡ 
㡣޶۵ѧ 
ѧħ 
ʴӱѧͲͬˣƴǣ󷽵ãԱ̨ 
ѧƨѧǸûǰ;ҹ˵ 
û¿ 
Ұ 
ѧħҲ룬ȻȻ˵ѧħ 
һġ 
Ա顢д֡ǳĿģȷҪٽӶǺ޽Ե뷨 
ҹԸȫǵɿʱվǻ񶷳ȥƵͷ 
Ҫ֮ǰһƳ⣬һڴ赲ħĻվͷ 
Ļҹֻ첽⣬γӡѾõⷰ驤ͷٴλص⡣ 
ߺߣң 
ҹѵ¶ϬĿ⣬ݵ飬߾һȥһһӣҹԲյֱһͲŸԸ 
Ұһ͵վǰĿ 
˭ǲҽȥҹ֪Ц 
̾һˣҪӡ 
Ұ㡣һ뵽ϻصĳɾ͸УֵĶ֡ 
ҡ 
µģ϶֪Լܰʲæ԰ţȥԱá 
ͬ⴦ʵ̫ᣬһӣҹ׵ߣú÷ʡҲû 
 
ȻЩۣһҲֲĶУ̾һʼɻ 
ҹͣװ̨˰뿪ʽηֻҪӾͿɷӣʾͻɽ 
й֮ǰҲ֣̣жʱ˼ڴµľĿ; 
һᣬõ飬ŴľжľĿҡΡ 
յĽ̸ϲ̹ʣˮҲеۣĵĺܡ 
յɱ⣬׽˵˼룬飬Ҽסˡ 
ͻһеͷȴ΢Ц̣ܽƲ˹̸᲻ 
ϲҹ 
Ц治֪ޣǸùԲ˹ķȥԡ 
춱ؿл棬һ˵ 
΢΢һЦϻһ䣺˭֪ 


Órյđ  
BY硤 

91 
    Ӽf⣬ҹĳͲסģԶԷ鱾ѧʶ֣һ㵣þ޷
Ȼʦ
ⲻһж
ǣ̨дʱҹͻ´ϣϰд֣ŵģʿϲķ嵽ſڣרעĬġ
ȥէ˵Ľ磬ϲĵز
ҹе˼ǣڹȥǵܹϵȻǵźûԹԣڹȥû뵽СԤıķ嵽ſڣ嵭ܺãһһģ˾ϲȫĽסˣǴδйġ
Ĵǳůþ޷
ĴȻfرͣϵĵϹǷһƳµˡ
ͷˡ
Ҽɡץŷ˿˵
ãȥҼҹ˷ܵܽҹߣ֪ԼŻ
Ҫͷһأͷżķ˿˭֪Ů˾ϲĹڵأòװǳһΰ
ǺЦξˡ
һ붬ĳᣬĳ˾ͻһͷòװǳŵģСҲ͸¶ǳɹҪѿжѿõ뵽Щеӡ
Ұ
˵ʱ䣬һһɼû뵽СϲԶҲ࣬ʱ䣬ݵʵڲʺ϶з͡
ҹ˵ЧٲҲ⣬þ޷
ֻҪҹϰߣϲͺá
Ÿ˵ҹմ˹о˷֮ɫá
˳ӵһ׼ҹץһѷ˿ϴ΢ЦģӰϲ͸¶սսĿ׼Ŀ꣬һĭȥ
ƳǾĻӲܣһϽֹ
ʲᣡյһҹյĴ
ʲ飬о˷֮ɫϴ΢ЦģСϲһƨΪڼּ𣿡
һģȵȾˡ
ɷݸɡ
Ҫ
ЦܵԼˣҹϴӦ
һɽһɽߣؿ;ϲһץ˹ɡֱϽ˵
˶޹ؽҪҲ֣þ޷
ȴͻȻϸ
ʲᣡľҹһͷ
Ҳһʵ𣿡
ûֻǷһüë
ҹһĽüë˫ӾЩơ
Ƴҹ飬ĽüëͻȻ䣡СƲĹڵأһƣЦʣ԰ɡ
ԡ
ϻ˵ѼҡͻȻҪ
Ϊʲ۾ͷһ̧ʹɫҹҲҪ
һգۣҹļܵϡ
һתԼȥҹһҲ׷ϣһǼ䣬ϲ£ٰ
Ѽң
һһ׷Ķ˶ڣҹҲҪ
һգۣӲŷ̸
Ϊʲ۾ˡʵĵȻ̺ܾõҹ
֮ǰʲּ󣿡
֮ǰ֮ǰʷʵ̫㷺ҹѻش
˻þ޷
ֱԵԼܲ⣺û´Ӧħ
ʲҹ޷Ĵ
ڸı塣
˵ؿġ
֪ԾĿ˹֪š
ദҹԵֻΣһʣֱԵԼܲ⣺û´˭֪СԤ˽֣ð̯˿ͻȻ䣬㾪ϲһƨѪ̺ۣ֮ͬͬ
˵ȷ󣬵ŵĵȻ֪㻹ϲ㲻֪ǵ˹𡣡
ҹݸʣ˭涨ģǺӮ𣿡
֪ĸѿ֮ǵ˹Ҫ֪ڵĹϵưոݵġ
㲻õģҸЭ飬ɱҡ֪ĵģһ֮ᣬҾϲſ˫ۣҹҲ
"Э"õ棬뵽ܾܴ𣬾˿ڵ
ҹ˼ϣĹ˵ĵ顣
Ĺ졭˵ħиؿþ޷
ûҷ
ֻе˹ĵҹҲ
"Э"õ棬û뵽СԤıķ嵽ſڣҲûá
˵ܻ˵Ψһķŵģʿϲķ嵽ſڣ̾ʵħûʲ᲻ãйٲ˵һᱻħӰ졣
˵Ц𣿡
ҹȻ֮ͬȥʱĲԼ
һֱı𣿡
֪һۣٿھΣΪÿħ嶼˹һħ岻ἺΪ˵ΰ١
ҹһһģ˾ϲȫĽסˣ֪ڰԼҲĳԱؿĲᡣ
ҹ֪ϲԼûȴ֪ԼһǿĵģһᱻħӰ졣
ҹȻͬƾ㣬Ĺܱؿ˶ģ˶٣þ޷
Ķأȫֵһᡣ
˽ģ˽֮˭֪Ů˾ϲĹڵأҹҲ⣬ڰũͿ͸ԼҪЭ飬ɱ¾֮ҹͿ԰˴ߣԼĻ롣
ɲõģΪؿĸͰϲ˽һ"鹹"Ƿˡ
ڼȹ۲쿴ɡ
һҹ˼ͷҲֻҪ˵
ʵ˵Ϊʲòأ֪ǻ¡
УͷҲֻϴ΢ЦģСϲһƨؿǿ϶ϣ̣ҾòҪ˵ȽϺá
ҹһ˵촳ȥʱȻ
ԭģֻʱദӣ̾ɣϴ΢ЦģӰϲ͸¶˵ڵħ֣Ӿͺˡ
÷ܵĸоҹɦͷ˵
ڷܰ
ҹ̿סЦһȥͷˡ
ỹģȹ򵽼
ûϰн˵ϲ
һۣϹӶĳϲǰοɷ־Ӷ࣬˾Ȼ֪֮

92 
ʱͻȻ̧ۣһȺħʹСұһ¡ 
ȥȥɣǵû󷹡 
һ¾ʧգۼȴֱ˳ѵ 
֪ˡ 
ļħʹһȺҹк棬˼һתͳؼȥ 
һҵڴϵ˾ߣȥм 
ðҪʲ᣿ 
֡ 
ҹͳţ;˵Ҫ 
ͷȴʣأ 
;Уҹѵ˵һǴС£Ϊ˽ȥ 
мܲæµڽĲ˷岮̶ֱͣ߹ȫڿնһƱħʹ 
ڴвܿħʹͻȻ紾ӵĻɪСȻۣⷶЩµİȿȥ򳤡 
ȺħʹŮԼʮңԶͬߣβŮȹķ˿βͣǬ䡣 
Щʲˣ︽ 
Ѹ׵ʥħʹҹѹ 
תۼ䣬㶥Ȧزǰ 
򳤣ʲЧ͵ģϹЦҳԴȺ˵ġ 
·³ϯ 
һԼʮҵĽǰʾ˴ݰףһơˣէ֮ƲǸӡ 
ɤħˣһھڳŴ²Щ׵ĺӻĿⶢһЩŮӲԾС 
Ҳ˷ʱشӻͳһŻ񣬵ϣ˷ҹϢ֪ͨǡ 
ϵȻ棬ͷΡ飬һ۾ϳϷ磬ľ³ͨ 
֪ǵ⣬ҹҲ뿪˵ء 
û˻Įӷ³ϯòƳȥħʹǵע⡣ 
ҪҪ̽һ£һַ 
Ҫ³ϯ΢Ц˵ȴ˷֮ɫ˹͡һ 
Ϸͨˣһͺ 
ûûɣҸ߹Ϸ޿ޡ 
ҹϻһĹûȤ٩٩˵޿Ƕ½ҵĶӣڶ½ǶãѹգϷŮֻɱ˼ ûɣϷĻϧҲᱻ׷ɱ 
ǲǸˣ̫ԾǴںȾơӺϷ˵ 
ǺǡΪҪĸҪ䶯 
ʲ˼ 
ǵмǸħʹ𣿡 
 
³ϯħʹʵǻ˶ٶ鷨ʦ 
SoйҲΪ棬οźÿƤ飬ĳ˵п˾ռߡ 
룬һħŮĹҲҪĸȻǳϹϵԶһȽϺá 
ͷͬҲ֦ȴ뿪òã 
ȥģ 
Ϸ硣 
ҪɣԼ֡ҹ鷳 
ȷᱻЩץߡ 
Ȼȷ 
ػȥĿԣԵ֣ҪȴһϣֻȥӦš 
һƣ治ˣҹе 
£֪֣Ե磬ߡ 
ɣһء³ϯ¶ܵЦݡ 
˭һֻ̽ҹһȥ˲ӵ㡣 
ǰﲻ㣬ߡɫѿֻͿͣŸŰ壬ͱ³ϯסٶǲ 
С˧磬ᰢȻϲһ㣬Ҳٹ꣬һú۰㡣 
ⷬｫΪ̬һ壬ҹԸȥһʣʲ£ 
Ȼɫ³ϯһͿסҹ°Ϳǣϸϸ 
˷յسĽ 
ĽҹϽлѡ 
ﶮ˼ֻ̫˳ȥ 
³ϯֱʾ޺Ҳ˵űߣ˲䣬һɹϢܡ 
ʱһ³ϯѴ᷽סľӡ 
ҹˣ벻˻ͻȻѡ 
ﲻʱƣתͬʱҲطһǻƾնֱ³ϯ 
С˧磬Ҳ̫˰ɡǱ㿪С 
ҹͬУһ侹ȻԼҴըˡ 
ͦóԵġ³ϯڿеϢе˷ܡ 
ԣҹĺɲǸԵġ 
һתֶҹ˵𼱱𼱣ͦģ˵ 
㵽һ𣬴Ķۡ 
³ϯһɫҹһЦȻǺú۰Ȼᡭɱ 
 
ҹԵ侲ֻ࣬˵ˣĶСӰŶԡ 
СӰʵʵڲѾͷҲ鳶ϱߡ 
ҹ˵÷³ϯе˼飬Цʣ֪˭ 
³ϯʥħʹҲǻʼְ٣ǻ˶ٶ鷨ʦ 
ŶŶ벻Сջ治١³ϯ۴ǰˣЦȻ֪Ͱ׸°ɣ±֤Իúá 
ȥһͳҹȥ塢ѳȥ 
 ³ϯɫ䣬æ㿪ͻҹ 
С˧磬𱬡³ϯҵĶһ棺³أһ㶼 
ҵġ 
ȻἫı֣Ҳܲ񡣡³ϯ˵ұһţХ 
ֻһ״ڷȳڷ³ϯУɢٺɫâĻΧƮΡ 
93 
ֵ»ؾˡ³ϯЦϷȣεĺڰ֮ɽĳǶ 
ŲϢ֮ܣ§ҹ˵һԡ 
D̡³ϯٴ趯ȣӲĵʱðЩ컨죬Щڵ֯һܼ 
ħ޷ǹǿЩԲһƳӸҹ˵⡣ 
Ժ̲סһΪԶ̬ 
ϵҵ塣 
֪һۣĶⲻɡ 
ϵİӿ֮ǰħͲ֪ȥˣҹʼФ뷨³ϯĊХ 
ʲʱ㻹˵Ц 
ģл˳ҡ 
һֲۣ۾ԭΪǸ 
ҹħȴҲ˰ڣʱħܵӦ֣ϵĲ߽ڣʹǻ˶ٶ˼ңģһ·չԣǿڵǧ򲻿ɱ 
Ϊ֮ᣬ˵ݷԼɱ˿ħƵģȴ̲סһʣΪʲ᣿ 
ѪߵģҪϻиͷ𡣡 
ѱⲻ֪ڼʲᣬ쵽ľһƳ׷ϵķ³ϯϽҹܻһ֪ˣҶ 
йղŵĶݽ棬С 
ķ³ϯ޵ͬʱһɵСӦţΪºϿ㣬ɱԾԲ顣 
ĿһɫСƾն֣һգСѻû桤֣֮ܵķֱ巨³ϯ 
ڰ֮ٴϮγһĺǽٿؽּǰ浲£൱ȻûˣȴҲ޷ǰ̤ 
ꡤˡ³ϯڰл䡺ͬʱϵĻȥ 
ȽЩСͷҹ㡣 
ֻѶ˵ǶţǶºǽ־˺ô󾢣ûfϾԸЩĻ꣬һʱ֮Ҳֻ֮ܵı 
𿪵ĻŬиײϣһṦ򣬼͵֮ܿʼѺۡ 
Х֪ȥǰ취Ͻ׳ 
ᣬѸٻСڰһ߿˻ 
桤ֵĻ֣ѱɫ֮һξ롣 
³ϯĻֿҡͷʹźЩʧϽӶȣĻꡣ 
ЩµСϽƺɺϢ 
ֻϵͬʱ³ϯϡ 
ﲻ˼סϵӣзĻᣬϵĻ꾹ͻȻ 
һһıߣֵɫ֮еѳ³ϯֱȥ 
Ĺ÷³ϯ㣬ʷ׷Уһʱɫ֮Ҳײ 
 
ɳȥҹ©˼ģŲſһѴӵ𣺡û¡ 
ߵߵߵߵߵߵ 
װģ¡³ϯʼ˿ڣԹ˵ 
̧ȥ֪ײ档 
ȷĲɱ 
ֻϵ˿ھȻʼãֱСЩʬһڻ 
ǼԺʱʬһĨĭΪԼۻֻùĵ澹ȻһֻֻǬݵ֣ڶཀྵʬ 
조롱취 
롭ǿ֣ҹ֪ҪԼ³ɡ 
³ϯһƱŻĻסһ£ˣѪɱ 
ûfϾҹûֻ³ϯǰõǣǿһЦѾħ޷޲ļޣԱҪһµסУȻе᲻νסӦúҲúƼá 
ϯﶮˣԭԼˡ 
һ뵽ƽյϰԣﲻëסҹ廹ˣһţ 
䣬˿ɫЩ类ŰĶãһԾ³ϯԣ䡣 
³ϯȴܲħ 
жصķ³ϯˣҹҲǹġ 
˵е죬ҹҲò˼飬һСħͰ 
죿ɦͷ 
ҹһƬǼָԭ̤ĽʬȰЩ㶨 
㶨˵ɣȴͷ綷Ц˵ǬŻȫˡ 
Ҳãȵȡҹ첽³ϯʬԣһĊХ϶̽һ 
Ϊˣ㹻û 
Ǻǡҹ̧ۺЦȴͻȻɫ䣺棡 
һֻѴĸǻᴩ 
ͻˣԼȻϢǰ˻ͻȻᡣ 
㡭 
³ϯȻȴڵѪ˿ڣٶɲǰ׻ģеĲµĻӰȻе⡭ 
94 
³ϯٿؽֳһǣɫѱһɢ 
 
һ񲣬ѪҺ˲ǵĺˣ˵ʲҲʱ£ʹħڡ 
֪ڵսһ³ϯͳǰ֮ܵķ£ֳֵпΪٵţһֻûΪĻ֮ħҲ֮ 
Щ鼸мܲס𽥱ƽ³ϯȻЩη壬ȴӲͷƤս֡ 
ۿдܳһħ桤ɵ£ڶҲ죬һת˿ֻǸ˵жԶ׾ 
³Ϯ״æһǿħ 
絶аĹִֿ֮ͣ٣һ±УƺһʶƮԶ 
Ǻǡ³ϯ˺۵߽¶ʤЦݣ½ 
վǣ׼ҹһǰԿ϶ָ 
³ϯ̧һЦ𼱡³ٺú۰㡣 
Դʱķ³ϯԣ֮ǲҪǰȴ̤ȥ˼Ҳͬʣʲ᣿ 
ҹ鿴ƣһƲO@¸Ͻ϶סǻѪ 
֪зӾҲ֪һǰ仹һʱ䣬а취ȡ 
ʱһĨӰҹ̧ͷһ˾Ƿ³ϯ 
Ϊʲܶ 
ӲʣѱһҪվȴֶãץԵĴ𣺡 
𼱡 
³ϯ״ԱȸղŲֻдʣҲˮɫ 
龰ڱؿһϢʱ 
һٲҲֻܿںؿ 
Ȼҹ֮أڼе˻Ǵӳ˯ۡ 
һ궯ȫ£һӣϵײ˿ 
岢ûзѶؿҲ԰ģһѲŷԼ˯̫ˣΧķӣ֪ǵĶ£ݸЦ 
һ䣬˾ʣеΣ 
Ķ½ƿء 
ȿռҲȶڲõĽɽ硣 
 
û䣬ؿ˼ƮԶ 
벻ûȤɹ⣬ҪֻǰĵЧ 
ڼİȻóЧЩҰİħʹ˽ΰĿ꣬ 
Ŀһɨͷ췢˿ȴİħʹϣһٿ 
ȡȣʱ̣ҲȷʵˣȻ깫£ؿҲƾ˵οƿС 
һˮ֮أؿж²÷롣 
ɫѿĺܣؿЦʣᾲ 
 
Ӧеĳνؿͷſڵʲᶯ 
ûС 
𰸱ؿԸοҲ֪ҪǻƻȻԼѣ⹤Ȼˣȥɣȥ¡ 
⻰￪ȴһʣΪʲҪ 
ؿǺһЦΪ֪˲֪¡ 
İħʹῪڷʣƫƫǣҰĺ͵Ӳȣ֪Ÿʱ¸ܵĻᵱίΡ 
Ҫɱ𣿡 
ؿЦķӦԶԼ룬ʮħʹоƿأһӣȥɡ 
ǲؿ˼ɱ벻ɱ⡣ 
ֻ룬Ҳɱɣڣɢħѻָ࣬ҪǵκۣοʱԼ 
ؿڵĵۣؿһЦԸһ֮·ǹʹͷ 
ֻǣߵЦͻȻϢڼĶĶദĵΣΪʲֻ˰̲еõҸĸо 
ϸϸĺ˼һΣϢ뿪İҹ֮ء 
ҹһ͵ӡ 
˾͸Ǯ 
Ѫߣһҹͺ޵ҧгݣʣأ 
ɱ˵ĻǱɱģ 
ҹһۣǵдܳʱȻͻȻѣѪϬӲ˵ɱ⣬գۼ䣬ҫ۵ɫдӷ³ϯؿڲ 
³ϯûҹֻ֪֪ʧصԼȫƾ 
ɱԼԱɱ³ϯҪʡʱɫӭ֮ʱһ֮վ 
ֻȫӡԴֱľˣҹԵɫߵһ𣺡ɱҵǸ 
Ŷ˳ֹˡ 
˵ʲᣡҹһѾסŵĺ 
Цڷ 
Ÿվҹ͸еͷۻһˤλϡ 
𼤶ײԴˡ 
һײҹд̶ 
ĳƳϵͳȥѸٳ·Ҳκ˿ 
κˡ 
ллҹԸлǶҪˡ 
ѪЦһĽллܵԣ͡ 
ծҹݸǮҲԼ趨һתʮ򷨿˵֧Ʊ 
٣ 
𣿡ҹһҲںĻңֵֻʮ򷨿ˣǣҪûȥײȻֹҵȻһЩҽҩѻ 
ҽҩѣʡʡˣҰΣָҡ 
ҹͶ뿪䣬һԺؾһѵ飬ŭһ𣺡Ǯ 
95 
ʰҲᡣβѪΪԼ粵 
³ϯأ 
˭ 
ҹһƯһ 
Ŷ⡣ѪߴŵէƷ³ϯʬ壺ɡ 
𣿡ȻӦһҹЩǣϾԷǻ˶ٶĹ 
ʣһ 
 
ҹü϶ð뿪ҪѪ˽Ѫ˵ҿҪҲͦ࣬Ͳһ͸ˡ 
㣡 
ҹŵĿǱʲ̬һһĵĵȷʵһɨ⣬һ䣺ĺá 
˵޵ͷһΣѪһЦʣ£ 
鷨ʦ𣿡 
˶ٶĹٿħʹӦǴ԰ɡ 
ȷʵˣڸոˡ 
֪ 
飬һỹ㲻״ҹۣһ֪ɱ˭ 
ǰɡ 
ǡ 
ᶨѪٶҲˣƵԭ³ϯ鷨ʦ 
ллأ춶ˡ 
Ŷʮ꣬ǻ˶ٶĹ 
ȷʵǣֻǽסѡ 
˵ܽ˵棿 
ȻΪԳŶá 
ʵϲղѪ˵ĪĴʱĹڿʬԣԹҡҾȻȻϡƷ 
ģҪǱ֪˿Ϊʲ˹ҹЦƤ 
ֻЦǵѪͻȻӣֵǮ 
ͷҹƻصϣҪݣԲֱĳһĨӰ 
£ 
ҹûһжһָԲŤȰЩĶ㶨 
Ѫߵ۾ҲˣħζѪҺڣҹԣѣһ¡ 
ҹҲ΢ЦһǳӶΪСǮϲӡԲʺ 
һЦ֪ˡ 
ϰ壬ӵĽܣȻ˱ȽϰǮûȻϲ⡭ 
ҲѪߵıףｫЩͻصصףҹæٷ³ϯĊХ 
ʲˣֳʹæµɿԳһʡ 
۴ҹfˣվͷ 
Ƭ̹ᣬ״һָԲѪߣʣʲ᣿ 
ӸղžͲ֪ڱֻʲᾢлдʣģ˿˾ͻ˼γ嶯û 
ҹҲк棬Ǭǰһʣڸ 
ѪߵæѶûսͣΨһľǡӡ֣ҹһЦҪӡ㣡 
һ밵ħʹһͷͷһJ 
ȥģ 
ȥ״ 
ָҹԵϣѪ߿һͿڵվס׼뿪벽 
ľٲǰҹΪʲᷨ³ϯġԾ͵ʵ顣 
ŸսݵĵͿ˵صǽϵľӶ 
ڿʲ᣿ 
ãҿۻǡ 
ûõ˵꣬Ҳ֪Ҫʲᡣ 
Ϊʲ 
⣬˵ģҿ 
ѾûˡȻ˵· 
һͰĶƤƬ̹ᣬǸȷжӡ 
֪Ϊʲᣬۡ·˵ 
ȥϢ 
һɻشֵʱΪˣҼǵ˵ȻҺŬĻǡˡ 
˵İգ΢΢һЦǺ̺ӣһֱǺѧ 
οͲˡ 
֮ǰħˣѧ˰껹䣬ЩܣһƲҵ磬ܶûˣһﾹȻֻ鶼򲻹 
磿 
ֹҲ׷ʣת˯ɡ 
ҵûħǲԸǲ֪Ӻ˵ƳһŵįϽס˵ 
ҵ磬ֻҪһѹؾͺˣĵʱͿԿӡӾһεӣͷкܶ/ӰԿ/ӰϷ֮ܲһҡ˵ 
Ǿͱ˵ˡҲɿģ͸еů뵽ҹ˵ʧأüͷ 
 
ǵǸ𣿡 
һƲιȥĻ֪ 
˫ʹħֱ峺˾¸˵ 
ʲ£ 
ͦӣϴģ͸еЦһӣͻȻڣʣġ 
űߡ 
أ 
һ죬ץסվڴͷߵ 
֪ںڰһж԰ɡ 
 
֪Ϊʲ𣿡 
֪ 
ħ󡣡ر˵˹ħὥı㣬ͫ׵ıɫҲֻһ 
 
˭֪ 
ȻҰˡ 
ݸһʣỹ 
ﻹǵñؿ˵ǳ˯ʱģЦҾỹ 
ֻ֪ʵĵһһЦ˳˰ɣѾˡ 
죿 
⣿ 
⵹ᡣȷʵûеκţͫױɫ˴š 
Ǿͺá 
վĳĵסһ£۽ʲ£ǧ򲻿ң֪𡣡 
⻰ҲֻԤЧҹ˵ʧһӡҲûУеҲͷ 
˼ɿִǵ飬ǵͷӦʡ 
ǾлҪڵħؿһҲģȥ 
96 
찢أ 
һ磬ҹŴ£ѵȻͬʲ᣿ 
Ѫ߲ˣ 
˰ɡǷ˵ 
ߵˡ 
ܲѪԻ¶㵽һʱһ߲˵˾Ȼ֪Ϊʲᷨ³ϯʱԿ 
׵ͬʱҹҲգ³ɾȻҧĽֵϷΪ˱ͬץѪ˼ʵ顣 
ֱҹƣˣ˯ǰָߵġɵġġܵġġģ벻벽 
Ѿ޴޵һ˻ˣҹֶһ׮̾һҵ³ֲˡ 
ˡ 
ʲˣһ˵ҹĻ 
ҡ 
һ˵ǻʱϻץյսƷҪţϽ׷ϵǸҹ˵ 
ңȥ˯ľҹһʹ֡ 
˼ҷӦд㵣ȴҲǵĹϵҲǺӵ䵭ǱʾΪֹͷһʹһϸСǸתط 
ҹԼоܣϽ׷ǰ˵Ҳǡġҡ 
ϲ㣬ϲû 
ʣȴûпڵһ̾²ⶼŨŨǡ 
ҲĺҹһֻǸղŵ׶֮ʹڻ޷ǣؿÿ¶ʱǲҲܡ 
Ƭ̹ᣬҹϰķ˿Ҫͷ 
 
Ҫ㣬ȥǡ 
ɣҲҪȥмһˡ 
ãͷһٸһǣ΢΢Ц 
˵³鲻鲢Ҫɶʲᶼҹ˵ͬ 
ᣬҹٴХȥҡ 
 
һҹͻȻѵųһʣ˭ 
ڰʦҹһǰۣȻˣ̬һ 
СĽӹХսսĽҹԲˡ 
ǷƵģҹһӻ𣬵ұ֤һѧ 
ӵݻⶫʺ㡣 
ʲʺϲҪ˵оͺá 
㻹ȥԱá˰ٵģе亹ֱ 
Ӧˣ 
ûҪȥϽץӵλϣá 
ҹ뿪ڿ飬ֵֻж֮˲ʹħеƫţҲᡣ 
ƽʱҹ϶٩䣬ɽȴر쳣ǵ껹侲ʣأѧ𣿡 
ܣѧӦҪˡʱɡ 
ûٳɵ𣿡 
ۣû򲻴𡣡 
𡫡 
죬㵽£ 
ҵ³ɲˡ 
ʲᶫ 
ͻȻʣҹҲ֪νͣԴһתЦǡֻҪͻҧͷ 
ʲſڣҹԡ 
ҲΪʲǰǻԼˤͷѪԭĹ 
ҹͷһն˵Ϊҵ³ɺ㡢ĳЩ¶飬֮ҲΪȻϲ˶ܱҼֱҷϡ 
ͺܺá⻰ǰοԹߵһۡ 
øϲϲҵûС 
ü⻰ʮֹ֣Цʣϲȥ 
ҹ̾һЩʱ佫ǵĹϵ˵ 
֪Ǳ˴ĵ̲סЦ⣬ϽƲͷ˵ 
Ҿϲ 
桭ͻȻĿԶֻ˴ķ 
ˣ 
Ƭ̣Ц˼͵Ϣܸˡ 
ҹҲָ֪ġ˭ȻиĻԣץ½ٳɷÿһ¾Ͱȥ֡ 
ֶ 
һǰۣҲ 
м̣æһԵĺʣ״˵ˣı߲ԡ 
ûУҲܶԳӡ 
ˬ츶ǮֵʦٰЩ 
ЦĿǮ׬оܾɣȴҪ˱ʺֽһʼһЩֵֹĶкӿһͷˮ 
˶ֲ˼̧ͷʦȥæɣҪһʱ䡣 
ȥֵͷֻǲԶãԲվˣһƳ֪ǸСЦʣʲ£ 
㡣Сһɫղݡ 
Ŷлл 
ԼһܵСɫҲƴǵؽ£ϼͼ 
ֻû˸ӣҲղݡ 
ﻭĲ࣬ҲѾһƬɫܣϽ챻ûֽţȥ 
ʦͷĶа취𣿡 
Ӷһþòŵԣȷͷдĳߴ𣿡 
ͷĹ񡣡 
ȥǰֻ˶ƵЩɫȫת͸̡ 
;УͻԱɲϣϵղݣľɫȾһϣȫë𣬸ϽȾܡ 
죬ʲӡ 
ֻǲ뿪мϡٵĲǰСȥ·ǳղݸ콫ˣ￴ĲЦǰһʣĵ·𡣡 
˵ֻǽǱصĻϣﲻòգϻƳڻͷһֻ۾֪˭һؿ 
97 
Ǻǣϲ𣿡 
Ǻϲ⻰˵ļૣʲᾪ֮٣˳ֽӹǱصĻԼǰ 
Һ㣬ĺ㡣ͷҲأؿǰסȥ· 
ǻȥɣһܿġ 
ġؿɫһھ÷ʱᵽˡ 
һʱҲ֪Ӧֻõþò 
þò 
ûһҲɣȻǡ 
ؿ΢ȭʣ£ 
ûС 
ټǽ٣Σ 
ټˣ龹ƽе˼飬ڣģ;úЦɡ 
 
ųڣؿ̾һɲΪ˳ܣһҰá 
ˡ 
ֻܾղŲ㱻˵ĻģɱؿĶ£ֲãǬԭԼ 
㡭 
ؿһ춿ճ֣߰ɡ 
ؿ 
ʲ£ 
ΪʲܱԭΣȴͻȻҹ˵³ɲˣԲˣһתؿڵ˻ʹ𣿡 
ʹһ㶼ʹؿ˵ 
Ǿͺá 
ؿͻȻֹ²ˡ 
ѽĻ۾Ⱦ 
δ˵꣬ؿͷһḲһǣЦܺÿҵɫ 
˵û׹ʱе̾Ȼȥɡ 
ϣһȴƽ;ûС 
ؿĳðľҹƾһӻ𣬻û 
ͦӹԲȻһλս⣬͵͵һۣ˵Ƕ˶Щ⣬Ҳ޸ 
ʱѴҹƳĬı䣺ؿ¸̸ 
ؿһۣٿͷȥ 
ҹҲβϣ̿סЦ˳벻ȻסǵĽ̸ܺƽȥ 
͵ðɡҲϽѡ 
ɦͷҪؼҡ 
ͷˣֻؿһ͵ģʲ£ 
ҹɫҲÿȥֱ˵ħ״㵽ҪҪ 
ϲӣ֮ǰ͸˵ˣҸûȥԲҪ 
ȥģϲ㡣 
ؿЦһֻҪҼϲϲҡ 
˵ҹһӻ뵽֮ǰΪܲסľסϲǰŪˡϲֻ£ˣֻ鹹 
ͬҲϲ㣬˵ҵģϲܲ 
˵ʲᣡ⻰ҹĴ̶˼һȭ 
ؿûᶯ֣ʱǹ˲ʣһҲһȭ 
ϣ̸ûȻǻճ 
õ۾ǣؿȻͽⲫԴûħȻû֪Ĳɿ 
ֱ˶һ˽ݣǵĵһЦ 
ﲻڣҹҲмĺƣͷһתˡ 
Ÿ뿪ңԶͿһæµҲһԹ۲ 
̧۾ͱŵ 
ڸҹĽͣתƻ 
׵ģЦãϽҩ 
ؿˣ 
Ƿᡣ 
ݸһЦͷ 
ҹĿһҧгݵĸһǣҲǷᡣ 
ҹ 
ؿһ֣ʲĪĹ˳ƽ̲סѹ 
䣬ŨŨһǣѲֵΪ¡ 
оģŵĸϽӣ㿪ǣҹ 
Ƿҵġ 
ǡһ죬ڲҪ 
밢 
룬룬òʵ㣬ȫԼġ 
Ϊʲ˵ϲûУҹʱ¼ͷĴ뿪Ǿˡ 
ﵱͷ߳ŭЦȻҰɡ 
ȸԾҹΪ֮ᣬȴҡ 
ͷһ;ϣֻǻûͱJ˿ 
ŷַﾹϢˣ㣬㶵˵ϻ 
ؿ޷ԼģȻһŭʣڸ 
һת 
ܻĴҹֵķЦ翴һ֣Ҫ֪Ѷˡ 
һ㵵飬ҹЦؿ㲻øù𡣡 
ҹﶼȥ 
ҹؿЦĳڳ룬ղŻԼһֻͬȭš 
գۼ䣬ɱȼԼˡ 
ؿʲᡣɱҲѲ 
 
ŵҹǰͱһ֮һԡ 
 
û¡ 
ò˼飬˵Ҳ̫񣬲ѵˡ 
ؿһۣͦһת粽ȥ 
ؿ 
׷ȥһ·кǲͷҪߣһξʧˣĻԼͷ׷ 
ؿ¸˵ 
ã˵ؿ͵ػͷ˵ 
98 
һǰһԽ߱ؿԽǲֻм֮ȴþңԶ 
ʵ˵Ҳ翴ߣֻ֪ΪʲҹԼС 
֪ӱܲܽ⣬ԵѡԣͨĽǻɱ¾ѡԣ̬ȴһգãֹ²ϲҹ 
Ȼ᣿ 
׼Ҫһɱ 
벻˵ĻؿһʱҲˣþòŵΪҲҡ 
ѹ³׺䣬֪Լ̬ˣְοȴ⣬Ա־룬˵ǰҲԣҲЩɾܾ㣬ڿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬ϲҹһܿģһЩҲģҡ 
һֻһؿֹٺð취Ƕ죬֪뷨ȵܲ˵ꡣ 
˵룬㻹ҵġ 
ؿ 
ͨĽֻص㣬ﱻǼˣҲûˣץֳǰҶûϲ㣬㶮 
ؿҧ˻ȥ 
ҧԼ죬̾һʼǲͬˣ㲻Ҫϻ˼ˣ㣬вС 
˵Ҷҵ㡣 
ؿͷܿĿ⣬ҷֵʱѾϲˣֽҲҪϲ㣬ȻΪʲҪů 
ѵԼճɵЩŵɿ΢΢֡ 
ؿһǰץסһնĵ㲻ϲɱˣ᲻ɱˣ㲻ϲ㣬Ҳ㣬㲻ϲҶԸģҹõҲԣҹܸҲܣ㲻Ҫϲ 
ؿ 
챻ŨҵĸѹĴɿѹ˵ͷַᣬվΪճһʰľ棬˼ˣϽ˦㲻ɱˣܺãҪΪңҳܲ𡣡 
ߣҾɱתȥؿؾ档 
ֹ²ͷҲصĵûϵһ 
賓 
ܱؿẰﻹˣҲѾ޷ƴա 
˼ȴ˾Ԩ峺İӳԼǱΪʲҲСΪʲᡭ 
ΣؿͻȻ𣺡û 
һĨӰվڲԶᣬǵ 
˹ְɡ 
죡ؿٿתҵģҵġ 
ԶؿӰҲʧ 
֪뿪Сˣȥģֻ֪֪ˣ˼һתᶨԶһĨЦݣֻڵѵķ 
ȥҲܣһ˫յķףһصҾæͣ 
һҹͷ˫۾װû̸ʲᣬֻǾһԷ顣 
ҹ뿪òáͻȻûͷûԵðһ䡣 
ȥģ 
ȥϷ磬ȥʥȻǾͿԸϿȥ 
ҹݸ˵򵥾ͺãҲʱˮЦð롣 
ҹһĿϲ𣿡 
ȡȿȡ 
ϲ᲻ϲҹﺰNٴϲͷҲˣɻڹֵʣͻȻ˵ 
ΪҸؿ˵ϲ㣬鷳ˡ 
ʲ鷳 
ؿ˵Ҫɱ㡣 
һҹЦðҵ 
һۣҲ˵ˡ 
ҹĳ棬ǿԴʲҲ³һŲԱߣͷһḲһǣЦϲҺܸˡ 
Ȼ֪˵ĻǼٵģΪƭؿĻѣҹҲֵĿһҲϲ㡣 
˰Ļ˳ϧʱԣ⻰ﵱΪԼģݸ 
Цʲ᣿ 
ҪǱİĽӦûᱻɱɡ 
ҹһǰۣԼĸ׾ȻЦջһǣֻİĽ߻ɱҡ 
Բ𣬲Ȼ 
ҺЭڣҪɱңˣҺ˼룬˵鷳һ㶼鷳ûҹһ˵꣬ǿԴ߰뷨 
ﶮ˼ȴͷѹˣǲǿԡ 
ȻУҹΪԼ仵ˣȻ뷨 
治ӦƲһû˵꣬ҵȻ֪ǲͬˣÿξܾҾ;Լ񼫣ѹӣ밲ο֮ǰˣᣬûУҵĺܲھΣҲȥȥҲûûоܾ 
ҲìܣһȥʹҹĹϵ˽ȥұ֤ؿ᷸ݣҹЦ 
ܾһ˵ҹҲˣһЦǾ׼ɣֻҲ֪Ϸǵˡ 
Ҳǣͨ 
ʱ㣬Ӧû½Ӧò̫ңֻǡ 
ֻǣ 
ҹ̾һȻ³ϯỹѪϣ˵ӦöСӰǣҲΪ³ϯĹϵǲŻ³ɭֶ죬¼ǵ·Ҳˡ 
⻹򵥣űǻᾭģһһҡ 
Ϊ½ֻҪͼһ̯һ 
ⷽȻ鷳ҲģɿڴҹҲˣǻóҲ 
99 
ҹӵĻԲ¸ҹɫ֮ 
ʹҹܻæףЦգıؿеɻ󣬲Щ˵ĿִΪʲС׵ĵõ֣ӵȴò 
ģ֪ҲûȤֻ֪һ洦ͣһһоΪֹ²뷨 
ڹµӣȺЩˣЩѣЩǼˣΨһˣĸǹ¼ţϵ¿жµ뻹顣 
ʱһŮԱߣЦ⣬·𣿡 
ؿһ۰ͷƲһԡ 
˰ɣţԡŮһӡ 
ؿҲӵİͷϥŮ̬ȣһţͷһҲ˵ˡ 
Ϊʲҹ֣֮ؿĺܣŷŮϹˮ 
ߣŮõЩˮЦ梽顣 
Ǻܺáؿ˵ 
ȢϲˡŮզʧˡ 
ؿһϵĹӣָǰּأʣǱʲ᣿ 
Ǻǣ梵ϲ磬ɫȹľ梣ɡŮ˵ĿģһתįĵվԱߵľϲˣϲ梡 
ġؿϵӲݣɱˣˡ 
㽲档ŮЦЦһӾȻ˵ֻ 
ҿ԰㡣ǴģǻҪй 
ⲻǸҲҵ⡣ 
ŮվԶվһǲǺ䣬㿴梿ҲģǶңܾͲˡ 
˵ڱؿֻߵĽڡ 
㻹СŮƲ˵ 
˵Ҳϲ 
С㽲ᣬҵȻϲұ梻ϲ 
ǾͰؿ˵Ȼ 
ɵ˲ŸһСŮһܿ 
ȻعؿҲβŮⳡϲУŮϲ˽ЦĲãЦȴҲĿ 
ŸշصסıؿһæԼغãֻ˿ 
޼ɵֱҵҲֻҹֻһݾҿˡ 
ؿһڣȻĶƤҲùܣ˾ʹİħʹ 
˼Ȧ뿪ᣬؿŻ˳п潨 
Զãֿҹţ֮Ҳȥ 
ؿ 
ԽԽԽֻһȷʵ࣬Цݡ鶼ʶʱһʱԼҲЦ 
ʵ᲻࣬Ҳ֪ԼĲǿ֣źʹࡣ 
һжãԲϲ⵱ĵܵܣﻹϲϲ벻룬ֻϣֻԼ 
ȻعԶˣؿٸϣֻǽԼҹС 
Ҫ˼˼һԼѹɡ 
ʼǲͬˡ 
˵Ļؿݸૣǰͬ硭ֻбؿ˹㲻ῪǰɣҪҹ磬Ҹ㡭ϣ 
ĬĬҲĸԸֻǵĨЦЩǣǿͬľһٰΡ 
ǣؿϣȻ˷Ȼ㯡 
ڵ磬뿪ƻæĲɿڴȴ˸֮͡ 
ҹֱͣ߹ͻȻֵĵǼû𣿡 
ҹ¸˵ֱ⡣ 
̸ɣȥ档ȻʲҪ̸ҲţԽõൽͷ 
һؿһ˫۾ȻѶᵽʲᣬͺ࣬ϵЦҲԽá 
ʱһһţæˣͷɻûιϡٵë 
ڵҹһѿĺܣþòһԼ˵ҪóڵꣿȻԼĸ 
΢Цͷҹαضһ٣ĺͱؿʲ𡣡 
Ҹ꣬˹Ȫͬ 
ꣿû˻ܻ𣡡 
һۣЦν 
ҹŵĿΪʲ 
˹˵˵ˣȻΪҺġ˵⣬ԳһЦ 
ģҲ̫ʹ࣬һߣټЩħҲʧͻȻһУЦݣĵ˹ͽˣס֮ͽӲĿڡ 
Ҫɱؿ 
ֻʽǿԳȡĵֻҪ㽫ͽڣܹһ 
ԣ̫ⷽˡ 
΢΢һЦ˵õķȽ֮˹ҲзŲɣɣǾͻȥǵɡ 
ҪķܺõȥеļᶨҹŵĳֱۣҲҪ 
Цĺǳļ磬϶ĵ֪ġ 
ʱᵽһİϢؿҲΪϢʱ뿪˴ûܴһЦʧ 
ҹϽ׷˳ȥֱȥ 
ϣе˲ͬĲؿٲԸҲ뿪ػķΧ 
100 
뿪һξᣬؿ̧۵ 
ǰħʹ֮һ 
Ҫ˵ùҪ 
춵ġ 
ؿ͸е꣬붼û޶˶ðϢ 
˵ 
С 
ʲᣡؿʱͣˣһգʧ 
ɱҹǵеһ 
ͷһ벻Ǵ۵ĵ⣬ҪɱľǵӦѱؿסʱ˿ 
ͻȻէֵıؿҲľͽɡ 
һ룬һֻɫٳȥһ类ɵĵٴУеڵء 
ؿǰʰǱУҧŭʣʲᣡʲᣡ 
ŻһѪ³ħЦȻǡɱ 
ɱؿĿһедȴһֹҪ 
Ҫɱ㣡ؿ͵ػͷ˵ 
ҲҪɱԼĳϦദɱ 
׷϶ҹɿȻؿͻȻ֣Ҳʱֹ޴Ϊ 
ӦҲɱ˵ġ 
һ˵ؿΣУ뿪 
 
׼ؿͣ²һԵˡ 
¶飬￴һͷˮ 
ڱؿ£ﲻʱͷֻħĶȥֻڿʳĶǣʱ˵ġɱЩףҵһǿߡ 
˼ˣѱؿ˻ȥѸٽӷ̰ĺؿʣ 
ˡ 
ҹǰŵؽ𣺡 
ɫĵЩ̣޷ţؿ 
 
㵵Ŀ˿Ȼ 
ԱؿԣĶѲݺӣ첻ѱ᲻ 
ֲȣϽϵ֣Լ 
ûáġۿһЦԽֳء 
תҹԳϧҵ 
ϧҹͷһƲһҲÿϧһϢģյθͷͷһᣬǰסؿ 
ɵҪɱ 
Ҫ 
ҹ 
Ӯкҹջصǰֳӣһֱħ£ 
㶮ʲᣡؿߵغȥţҹ֪ԼĹǡ 
Ҳֻ֪㲻úȥͲĸһ 
ؿŭĴ𣺡ҴûӦߡ 
۳ĲɿˣԵ侲࣬ڵϦĵҲ΢΢һЦҪǻʹһǼ¡ 
һǵЦҡҪɱˡ 
Ӷ˵ĶԻҲ֪һľٶҲΪ˱ؿҡͷҲں 
ǵĲܡǡ 
ͷʾ⣬Цˣһ̽ӻóһֻѹϣһֱû㡭Һϲ 
һļĲˡ 
Ҳġǡҵˡʶǵʱ̡ȴһ˼ĵġӡ 
ͷ˵ָ֪ʲᣬѹܲסĵ 
ԵĻҹҲȥϽصߣ˭󷹸ҳԣ㣡 
ҹ࡭ݸ˵ֵҲǡĿǡ 
 
м¡һֱû㡭һӣҹϸСһҹɴۿڲ˵ʱ򡣡 
ʮָɳʧҹһ̧ͷȺؿ 
ؿͷһƲԸȡ 
תۼҲʧҹĵ˵ûƭˣĹֻ鹹ҡ᲻ˡ 
ǣûСˡ 
㣡ҹҧгݣȴʹһֱ 
֪ﲻܣԼֺγǣ̧ۿؿʣǾȲ˻ǲԸ⣿ 
Ը⡣ؿε˵ 
һᶨĵ 
첻 
ҪĽлһ㶣ֻջԼ 
ͷһƲһؿ 
󣿱ؿҧﶼԼҪҪ뵽㣬ѷ𲻸ʺͲãһ죬ɤ 
ִȰ裺ȥ 
 
ҹһ䣬ؿԡ 
ؿһסվͷȻ 
ʳﲻɾˣڻһѿҧгݵ 
ǳӷȥҹ׷ϣʣؿʲ᣿ 
ϲؿ 
֪ͷϣʱ治ҳϣԼһӦճ޷ֲĴ 
˵ʲᡣؿ̧ͷЦʣɱ 
ҹǰͷһาһǣҪɱͶ֡ 
ؿߣȴЦ 
ѵĶҹץĸ 
ٴδߴ٣˫Ц⡣ 
Һ̸̸ 
̸ʲ̸̸˼ٻػ 
ҹ˼ 
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ӣؿдʣԼĽ磬 
ʲ᣿ 
ؿصȸߵԭΣͷһ˲Ҫ𣿡 
벻˵ֻ㵵Ŀ 
ңϲҹ 
ֲ˵ؿŭһ𣺡˵ 
һۣ϶ĵǡ 
ϲ 
ʲ˼ 
ҲɱҲһ𣬿㲻ңʹȥҲܣҪһӼǵңסиܰҡؿƲͷ˵ 
ؿ 
ʱжãڰũһ 
벻Ըȫįѹ밲οȴңֻǾĲա 
ؿߵرߣ 
ϲؿǰ˫ɻӣЦȥǣòá 
㵽Ҫ 
һʣؿЦ§ϣƽ˷ŵϣ˫ԼһĽɫӣķ˿ÿҺϲأϲ᣿ 
ϲҲᡣ 
Ǿһֱάòã 
˼Ӧͬ⣬ؿĻϲϣȴҡ 
ʲ᣿ˣΪԼɱؿĶǻ¡ 
Ҹվ˵ˣҪ۵ġؿ˵ж·ʱһһǡ 
ۣȻعϵ·ѱŵĵӣҪ 
Ҳáؿ뿪˵ǵҸղ˵Ķ 
вҡŵĿ 
Ҳǿ 
ҧȭյصԼؿ΢΢һЦ𡣡 
ǰס½뷢ŭһ뵽ͷˣȥۣɿԼ֡ 
ӦҿûĻش𡣡 
붼ֵȷһʣһ㵽 
ҡ 
ǰһǣĲ鲻ԸԱؿȴǵ׵һǣۡ 
۾ҪֶβܵõҲգ̾һķˣߵЦҲĿɬ 
һɣٸϵ̽еĻ๴ʱʱ˱ 
˫Ľɫӣۣʱо»һֹĳ嶯 
˳ӣؿݸ֪ϲҲΨһħİ취Ȼļ䣬ǲ롣 
ҪһȥͻԼˣȻòİϣμԼ 
ҹؿһҲϡвȴЭò÷ 
Ҫ˵ʵһӦ 
ؿͷһס硣 
ͻľٶۿŪ͸ٲԸҲ˸о 
ûвʺ񣬱ؿŴҲfÿ缡һԼĺɫӡǡ 
ԽԽȣǹĵطƵģԾŤӣӿԼĿкͳȡ 
СĴͻȻؒסȵӲͦϽҪ 
ؿľܾҺĶ̧ۿһص˱ȵҺ˳ 
ѿĲӣܿ˫ֱԼĿ⣬ڴϢ 
𣿡ؿ΢΢Цģ;㣬ϴҲ㣬˵ 
ϴΡϴκˣ 
ֻڶԼ˼ʱ򣬱ؿэ˫ȼ䣬ͷһ 
ͽкҲû˳ϣѱѹϣӲȵĶһͦ½խѨ 
ǰ׼ǿʹӱ 
ɫ˲ˢףüͷؿҶѹӱ 
 
ȥòá۵˵ 
ؿͷ谲οһġ 
˵ؽԼ˳ٻؽ룬ظνĶ 
ûֹͣԸͷȥ˫յֻϣϿ 
νᣬѪҺҲãϵѲղǬɬؿ̧ԼӲͦ롣 
Խ˳ĽҲ𽥼ӿ죬ȵñؿȫңƾڶ 
ֻñĵطѾʹ޷ܵĵزеڽյ˫ȭϣյ˫۷Щ΢ʪ 
ƳҧĴ乳ʺ죬ؿͷһأȥ 
µĶϵᣬԽӿĹᴩоӷ䣬ؿӶᡣ 
ͷҹϵĹʧ 
ˡϣЪϢ 
û£ҹ΢ģڵĵͷ˻᲻̸̫ˣⲽ 
ԴĻȵȥٿأһ̽ 
ɲסȥ·׼ȥ 
ĸУҼңƾʲ᲻ܽȥҹƿӲȥ 
ֵǣֲŰѾͱ˿ˤͷۻ 
ͷĵҲˣƣ۵ǰһ̽ͷ𲻰 
аҹϼΣȴһĽܻ£ 
˹˽磬ȥġ 
̸Ҫҹĺ׸ʲᣡ 
Ҫʱĥ˵Ķͣ 
ؿſ¶Цݣϵĺˮ 
ԡ˳ȥ𡭡˵Ҫǿԣڶ룬Ƕڣеܲ 
۶ؿ֪ԼֱƣŷֽϴѪҺŵʣۣ 
οʶ˵ʵڶţӣһԵﴩ 
ؿһůܾƼ£ֻǽŲأһ׶֮ʹţ۳һ亹 
㡭ȥϢȻãҲ붯ˣһԵ̺Ӹڳӣ˵ 
102 
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ǿƵ³ľȴǾ飬֪֪ϲΪ˴ħ״ 
ԼԸȫˣԸȥ磬ΪʲԸҪܾؿ޷ܣյĵȥ֮ǰҵġ 
زȥء 
ñؿЦˣ֮ûԶزȥʹҹ޷Ľ֣Ľһ顣 
ڵȴǣǺܺãԶҵġ 
Ҳۣ˵Զﲻʶһ뵽زȥͰѲٹܲסĺȥҲҪٿ㡭ڲ롢롭ȥ 
ؿҲգҪԼõʲزŻˣJҪʣȴƳյȭ乳Һʹ⿪ŷıָƬüŭֻʹҷŪԼͱҲԼ 
ҵ壬ƾʲܣ 
ƾҵġ 
ȥģĴܲᡣ 
ؿҲܲһδεľܾѹϣҪסƵĺݺ 
ﲻԸһֿñؿջ𣬲˫ȣֽԼӲͦڡ 
ҪͻĶﾪ 
ȻӼǲס 
ε벻ղŵᣬ˳չӶṥƣ˵ڴͦ 
Ƴüʹ飬ߣейԼְֺ޵ϡ 
߿߿Ҫ 
۵ĺҵֿؿںĹȴĵֿס˫ʩ֣ŭܾҡ 
ſңҲǶ 
㲻Ƕҵġ 
ǡǲǡٲܿƵ£ĺҺ㡭Һ㣡 
ޣؿȥˮЦҲãϲҲԶҡ 
ҵķһؽ룬ٲпڵĻᣬչӶᡣ 
Խҵ룬˼ɢƬ˺ѵķʹҲľһǰһףʶƮԶ 
ĹѾιȥؿɲԸգ˫ѹǰҵĽ˳޼ɵڱۡ 
ƮԶʶһʹأܲס 
ؿȫİֻⷽμסԼǺҲá 
ٵռУƵ˻кĵزֽʱȵҺ 
ؿ˳ֻǸ§ƳźѪɫˮ˵û 
ԣܲסӵĲܲʹʹĳѲϵֿӿ 
ϵƣؿ۽ӾͶ֪ܲס֪ҪҪⱲԶˡ 
ڶߵĿñؿˣǷӸۣһգۣĲٳֵˮƬʵΪʲɶ񡭡 
ָɱˣֹסĳ᷽Ӷᣬ޺ģؿɲϽ 
Ҫ˼Σﲻֻ֪֪ʹˣҲһʹѡ 
ˣˮҲǬˣϵӶỹֹϢ㶵Ŀյ컨壬ȡ 
ǸԸˣǲһҺؿ춴˳ 
ûᶯO@´Լ·סҸġ 
뿪߷ΧؿˮҲֹס̣һʹԼĴҧơ 
Ҫ֪ǻ˶³ǾĻ˶ľסˡ 
֪һ͸Լˣһգૣסҡ㲻Ҫҡ 
ͷȵļٵҹߣ֪ö˼ӣ³ɵĻҲö롣 
ٶʧʱ춵ȵǸˣһѾסŭʣʲᣡ 
ؿһۣȥ 
ͬʧС 
Ӯˡ 
ͻҹؿҲϣκηӦ㵣ĵħ᲻ٷչˡ 
һ˵ҹ𲻰ͷһתͳݣȴؿ 
 
˵ҡ 
õҹ𲻸ʺԹޣЦҺ㣬ȻңΪʲ᲻Ұ˵ǻۡҵõûУʼҵġ 
ֿЦģҹҲˣ˦ͳӡ 
һ̽ҹĽž񱻶סҲˣϵѪ߰ߣǳӣҲ֪ʲ¡ 
ҹǰɵɵģȫˡ 
 
գҲûеĿϷҹ̺ӽæҵĶһˮԽСԽǷһ׾ͽˮ򷭣ѹסеŭ⡣ 
ؿ 
Ҫɱ𣿡 
ؿЦĿɬֵǾͰˣҺʹ࣬Ҳʹ࣬ɱԶҡ 
žһҹһƣһһȭȥ 
ؿ˵ɱȴܣһĨҺԼܣԹԼȻ 
Ϊ𣡡 
ûΪ˵ϣġ 
˵ʲᡣ 
ϣֹħǷһ㵣ؿЦҺûΪʲҪļɣΪһεʱɱԼû취ֻ 
ҹ²һʣѵһжԼճɵģ 
ҹӮˣӮˣ 
ˡҹ˵Ŀ϶ͷһת׼ٳ֡ 
ҹȥıӰؿЦȴޣЦԼҲӮˣӮԶԼ 
103 
ٽݵҹæ壬ͣл֡ 
ҽ𣿡 
ܲʣģɵˣһ˿ӦûС 
㲻Ҫѡѡ 
ǰ˵Ľл̧һɿҹӿȴʹϰ 
 
ȥȥþ̺ӽԼ 
ң¡ҹһͽڱߣ۵ϣϲ㣬 
Ҫ 
ҲϲңԲԡ 
ԡԡΥĵķϣҲ 
֪ڳѣҹҲգŢӣӵĺɫӺۣͷ𣬿ڿĿϵİɫӡǾԲ֮µĺۼ 
ٲԸҲֻܾǣ̽ʱѲܿƲ 
ѪҺ˽ҹŭһμȻˣΪʲβơ 
£Ұҩҹ§СĽָ̽ 
ʹͲ᲻ͣ£ǻ⣬ȴصĺܺá 
ڻһʱ춽ڵҩᣬҲ۵㣬˯ˡ 
̯Ѫ۵ƣ̵ָۣҹϣᶯҩ½Ū۰ѡ 
ҲȷʵǱѵģһһ˫۵ɵĿֻ컨ϵľİ׹ڵƣᵽҽԺҩζԼҴͷһᣬڽл硭硭 
ˡˡ 
ȥҽ 
е֣ԼҴ¶ı飬һԵİ˴ϲãųӣͷһʹʱ̱شϡ 
ҹҶͷˡ 
д˵Ůӣʣ˭ 
械һ񲣬Բˣ磬ҹ 
ҹҹ 
˦˦ͷԼҹվڴβֿڽк硭 
ǰһİˣСҹ⣬ˣ 
˭ 
ěǴص̾һ 
һתͷҪߣҲˣ˲ͷѣ壬µַ´׷ȥ 
硭硭 
Сҹěǿһס 
ſңҲҹ 
˻һļöˣ뿪ԶҲֹ² 
ԼҴ磬磬Ǻﰢ 
޷ţײɵˣ˦־ߡ 
磡׷ϣӸϲĲһһոһ䲡 
һˣֻڲϵԼϻֵֹĹӺάߡ 
ɤʣǺ˭ 
嵽ǰеףҹһ૵ΪʲᡭΪʲ 
صߣԼ壬ʣˣ 
ܺ𣿡ҪǿѵķϣͲȭ 
п˵壬ҺöԸԼҴеǷֻǵҪ֤ԼʱǰͻȻһһǵԼϡ 
ιѹҵܡǰȴֹ˶ֻҹ徹һ۰׹⡣ 
СҹβϵěҲо㵡 
еһǿʶƮԶǰԼԼ 
ʲ᣿ʵ 
֪ěҲˣڵĵıֻܵԲˡ 
ҽʦ;µõĽǣûѣĻָûн 
ܣղŻԼߵ䲡ě߳Ѳɼɡ 
۱ǿҵղŴܽĹŸղҹڵԼܵܡ 
ěǶ޷˵ĽͣŻ֪û׵һ졣 
˵ȷʵǺ£ԭԶ޷ѵ˺ת 
ɶļҶԣǰ裬ٶƲС 
¼ᣬҹ粽ʱһɳƵĽкһ 
磡 
ˣ 
ҹһȥˣҸոջȥˡ 
ģ 
ǵ硣 
ҹߵҹп뿪̾һΰɡ 
ǣġＤĳӣȴǣľۡ 
˵ 
Ƿصʱ˶ݣ᲻ʵɻˣѵΡ 
Ϥ鹹磬ҲĿڣ͵һ˼֮Σһգϣε˼Ѿõļˣֻһ˯ȻûԸ 
ҹҹ˯Ĳȣһ̽ŷ¸ߵˡ 
ϸСҹˣŢ£ιЩˮֱɫϽ嵽ҽʦ 
һ뿪ر߶һӰͷıؿ 
ؿһ߽üͷ 
еԾԶϡ 
֪˯УеĶñؿеϲѹģˣѶΪơ 
ǽü𽥷ɣؿƳһۣȻ뿪 
ҹҽȻû˲ˣҲ֪¡ 
ҽᣬҹŻվ⿴ԶؿȻֺαŻԼֵʹûС 
֪ڣԶһ㣬׼׼ 
ƾʲҪҹ֪ɲЩʲᣬͿ챻ھĥˡ 
104[С] 
ҹ˵Ҳ֪ͻȻתǱؿĽлֻǻ⡣ 
ᣬҹԼֵ㣬ֻǡ 
ܾҲӦȫû٩ңһҲԣڣҪϷ磬ǡɡ 
ɨһۣҲǻͷһַ鼮 
ǰ㲻˵ȥԭ˵ 
˵ˡɲ˵Թ־ҹûˣֻһ顣 
֮ǰ޴УƽıҹеףﷺǿҲ 
ҹԼڱҹҵء 
Ųһֱȥ 
ҹһжһѹϣϡ 
ǲᣬǼһ̽еĳݱ޷ӦԼ˱·ÿ缡ǣҲ˰⡣ 
һ̽ȥһȼ磬ΪЩӦ벻˳Ӱҹĳͷҧһڡ 
ҹî˾ǲʹʱĴͷ㲻ҪҪ𡭡òá 
ҹԼ񾭲ûԼ˵ԼΪ˿Ƽֻ߶װƷ 
ڣѾˣһٴķҼม 
ΣƨȲҹͷһڵĴҲʼһָfķרѸٰ¡ 
ҹʱŪʱˣʱʱصĸ͵ĸ߳ɣֻһЩʱ䣬еСһӲͦȡ 
ⲻ֪ϵǻϵĶЧоµӱܣҹԣзӦǺɿеӶᣬȴûԤеľܾ벻Ȼϧ 
̾һͷ˱ǰ͹𣬿fеľӺʣش̼ﲻԾŤҪӿҹҪڡ 
ٲҪม 
Ƭ̹ᣬҹѱĴشϢĿҲԸˣֻһµͻȻӣȵҺУѿڶĵɹˡ 
ùͷϵĻͣҵһϣȻļСѨڣֱоŻָ̽˽ȥ 
Ҫ 
ľܾҹֹ¶§ʣ𣿡 
ҪҪ 
ƵƵ쿴ĺѪҹϽ£ʹġ 
ڵָ˴󣬽Ҳѣֻһֱͬľܾʣҹ֪־塣 
˼ˣյͷӿԸһֱڱؿӰ£һҧҲܲࡣ 
Ƭ̹ᣬҹЩͣ̽һָϵĶϣȴ§谲 
һµͻȻҹ֪ѰдԲϸ̼ 
ҪҲҪ 
ɡҹһٴ̧ķ 
˫ؿмܲסҡͷ 
˵ѣʵһӲͦͷһǰ͹óݱҧ 
ųӿµĿȴʧԽӿĶĴϢļ٣¸ͻȻһٴΰУ̱شϡ 
Ϣ֮ţҹһָϵٸϳ 
δƽϢܲסֱֵŪץҲҪˡҪˡ 
Դľܾҹ߻ϲ㣬ϲˣһֱû㣬ֻҳ˯ʱ͵͵㣬ֻҳ˯ƷռˣںڣΪʲ᲻˵ڡ 
ҹͻȻڵΪʲҪαؿߣⲻ˵˵֪Լͱۣ̾һֵҵǸˣֵˣΰĵˣòá 
ÿһﶼˣֻϸ׵ʱȻͣû⣺ܲͣ 
Ҫǵҹֹ˶ָ˳ɿ 
ϢʱȴֻǶݼ룬ֻҹO@¾ͰԼѹ⣬ٵȲĽԼͽڡ 
Ҫ 
ָȻͬĴִвʣ£ͬĵصͬ£ҵƿ 
սҹҶһƣʱһԣʹԼȣʹİһ 
һҲۣ̺ӰԼ 
ҹ˲ԼϽǰһʣۣ 
ҪҪ 
ٴνƿ˼ҵķӦҹңҹ 
߿Ҫң 
Ҫҹһ§ϣĶʣ£ϲҹҲϲҹԲԡ 
϶Ϊĸһ䣬ҪʱԣˣĻϵڣ֪Լڿɲηʱ 
ԲԣҲϲ㣡 
ϲң֪Ҳϲҡ 
Ҳϲ㡭ϲϲ˵ϲΪҪƭؿ 
Խ˵ԽС嶶ĸᵽؿַŨŨ⡣ 
֮ǣ޲ھɱĨȥЩ˼䣬ĳĬǲԸ£ֻ鱣ƽ 
ҹıòڣҪûǼ£ЩܸˣǣڵľѴͬ 
ʲ᣿ͻȻſշ㶣ҹ 
ҹҵܣҺۣ˯ˡﵭ˵ 
105[] 
Ľлҹҹҹ 
޷пȻ飬ȴıˣѾǰ 
˵⻰ֻǻĺıĳªԼе񣬸ԼǱˡ 
ͬĻҹȴǱǿռһ£ϽҲ⡢Ҳ⣬Ҷϲ 
㲻⡣ 
ʱҹ˵Ƕŵģֻж֤ǰµ̺ӣϣٴķ 
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ٶͣҲ̱ˣֻæϢ 
ҹ˳Լƣָֽ̽ȵխѨľһǡ 
Ҫ 
ҹֱֹڵдһ̽ǰס̧ķͷǰ͹ 
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δйĿйӾη˼Ҳ֮أٴϢҹסֹӣı 
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·ҹͷ˲٣ʵĺ⣬ָ· 
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˵ףҹߣһ˫յŭ죡ٿھԿ 
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ɢġ 
ｻ㣬һϷǡ 
һ˵Ѫ߸аԹֱ˶ģһΣǽϢ 
ˣδԶСӰԾϽ۷ 
תħ 
ڹתħСӰΪ֮ᣬϽϷס 
ħȻڶ࣬ѪȴģֻЩ͵ħвǵͻϮԼнڷأԼͬ·Ҳղ˼ʹתħʱĲֵá 
Ŵ֣ҵսϷ磬ѪͻȻץСӰŵ𣬺Ũħ 
СӰҲˣǰϷһ 
𣿡ϷɿѪߡ 
һĸһתħСӰһɨܣֻ͵ħٵȴȥ 
Ҳ֪СӰҪѰζѪ߸ϽץСȥ 
ȥģϷ粻һʡ 
кǿħϡСӰѪߣզȥƣ˵ܴһʡ 
Ϸ绹δڣСӰڿնȥѪյҸȥ 
ӻʲᣬȷȥ 
Ϸ£Ѫܾ 
סۡϷ罫˶ڣȥСӰ 
ǱƷҹЦ٩Ӵǵһġ 
ѪŻҪˣƫƫǲսܡ 
ҹһʣأ 
ڴڡ 
ҹ˱ˮϣЦʣСӰأ 
ȥץħˡ 
ǿ뿪ҹϽǰסȥģ 
ҲģħǿҵСӰ 
ҹİΣȴʱСӰ³ȥ 
ܸ˵꣬ѪͻȻ֣ǳϿҵĵˡ 
һα˽ҹ˻Լû¶Կħ壬Ǳؿһ˫εֻӲͷƤӦ 
⣬˵ңֻϷŷһƱħʹԸЩ͵ħ׾٣š 
˵ҪСӰҹ˼һתѳ 
;սЩԼĸ޴ʱһۣħʹɱ 
˴ȴѰӰһƳħʬҹ̲סǬѪδǬҹ𲽸ϣٳɽҵϤӰ 
ǰҹ㾪ֻæиħ 
 
һƳӵħЦҹˣ 
㡣ֲԶʬ壬ǰһ̽ҹ𾪣ֻʬǱϷǲϵ˹͡ 
 
֪ʱѾˡ߽űħֵӦǱɱġ 
ҹ˵ֻ˹͡ʹתħٮٮߣܱ͵ħɱ˼һת䰵ıؿϽȻȥҵСӰ 
СӰˣ 
ȥ˵ҹJͳϱȥ 
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Żصϵ˱еļսֻʮħʹһħ壬СӰҲУħǸİ 
ʮħʹҹһתֻ䣬һǰģˣ 
üۣþòŵû¡ 
Ϸ紦ս·ħʹĹ㷺ħȰϷߡ 
ϷʱѪ̧꣬ȥʮħʹѱɣСӰҲӰˤ䡣 
Ϸͱҹסʱԣ͵ƿֱСӰ 
СӰСӰϷ罫СӰᱧ 
Ϸ硭 
Ҫ뿪˵أϷͻȻоһѹȸУ֪׷ϣʱûŵ־ٽ 
СӰһὣҿԡս 
ϷһۣȻʹǱԼԼγ뻤һɱȫҲԸա 
/ɱʽҹͣˣ䣬ۿϷڵϦѿһϷ穤ȥ 
гϷ米ʱһ໥ǧһ֮ѵϷǰʱΣ 
ҹһϽǰŷ麧ˣӱϬ 
㡣üָϷ磬ЦķҲɱ㣬Ҫ 
֣Ϸߡ 
⻰Ȼ˵ȴ侲ҹԷģϷ翪ڵû¡ 
ûµ⣬κðգοҪȡ 
ҹҪֻǲJˣһеذױضϡ 
Ϸһ̳佣Ҫǰ֧Ԯѳһֶҹߡ 
ʹͬʱϷ緢һħﲻõֵ 
࣬ÿ 
ӮϷġĿһὣֱ 
֣һˣ˳һǲȡħᾯ棺ٰա 
ãҲҪ 
ԲѵƵ̬ȶûòɣһţѷ˶ϡ 
δ۰ħȷ 
㣬ܹһħʱǰ䣬ȥ 
ܵ£һϣѸٵĹæֵħʱ䶼鲻 
۳Ϸ˵һԵҹ亹乣Ϊʲ᲻ʹħ᲻ɫС档 
нս£ֻеĵٴζѡ 
ҹ״СӰظϷ磬ǰڸСг 
ʱһϽԲһ 
ҹĵһ˴亹Ȼ뿿ⲫӮħʹ 
Ⱦ㣬춴ƵᣬһͿסľӣգۼĵУһЦѴŴܳؿڡ 
ҹۿһĻΪתƾȣǱʱĺݾ𾪣Ȼܺԥʹɱ֡ 
ʤϲУ֪ħ岻͸ʹ죬Уٶۡ 
ʹУǱؿ˹ʲˣһתϸָƬֱؿڴ롣 
ķЦĿִеһδóѵָͷˣʧ 
һξ룬ģǱĶϱ۴ָͷһϸ˿Զãϸ˿γֱ۰塣 
𣿡￸ϵЦǿûĵ׼Ϣͷǰȴҹһץס 
ˡϧֹײео 
һ죬ƵڵأŭȻ㶼ɱ 
ҹ顢ģױˣħ޹ضɱ۵ı塣 
üȭɱͷڿɲǾԼڵѪҺƽϢ£ҹϸлƽЩͷһڵɧ 
ʹͬʱͻȻѣֱͳһɫħ 
ǹƲ޷ӦҹϽǰ廤 
ѵĺܣֻעȫеϢ̧ԶܱȶĹҹİΣ֮ᡣ 
ҹΪҪʱħͻȻһźɢ̧һɫС 
һ㵵ϼ 
Цˣǰħʧȥ£ƿǰҹԶȥ 
ӦСѷ˿ҧϣԼصΪһɱͬ壬Ŀ䣬ȥıӰ 
 
һ·񺰣ԸƽϢıɱ¾ϸŭؿ 
βϵҹԭأΪûˣΪˣŷԼˡ 
ĽкҹϽǰסؿڡ 
˦֪ڣҡ 
࣬ɣ 
ҹһ񲣬˶Ͻ嵲ǰ˼ۣϤӰͻȻէ̧֣ȥ˲ڴıؿǣ 
ƾһУָȥȻ׼⡣ 
С׷ˣڻðһٲԸҲֻܱһ˷ߺȥ 
ҹۿһȣĶץ 
ָϱԶʣ£ 
Ҫɱؿ 
һڣ׷ǰסŭˣ˹ˡ 
һۣӽŷ˵ȫоؿϢյӵб 
116 
һöħʹһһ̱ˣҿ˸ѷĵ 
СӰϰߵĶѪ߻ֵӡ 
࣬㻹֡һӾͰѪ߶ڰߡ 
ι 
ģҹԼǰҲû鳰ЦѪߣֻվͷһеİ 
˹͡ˡϷһݾ͸֪źѶϢʣȥʱ𣿡 
һϷҲûڰߵѪߣǼһ㿴˰ɡ 
˹͡ûϷ̾һܲ⣺Ӧֻħɵġ 
ҹΪֻĿϷ磬ܵɱ˹͡ΨһɱľǶڰıؿҹû˵ڣֻʵ벻ؿʲᶯҪɱ 
ϵСӰҲһҸоħһǸղŵħ壬һ 
СӰȻȴֿ϶ûǸ 
Ц࣬ʲôС֡ 
⻰˰ۣЦûȥϢˡ 
һߣҪϵҹȴϷһס 
ȥȵȡ 
ҹһϽսҲˣûʥԿħ塣 
ҹ˵ϷѴӽһս֪ʥıҪԣû˵ȥֻʱ죬Ȱﰲٺ˵ 
ҹܽܣֵҿ˿ϣӽòҪ롣 
ңħ嶢ҲԶϷԳ˵漴Цʣ֪ħ忴ʲᡣ 
ɱ¾Ѫ ȡ 
ϷЦʣ岻ͬͲܺƽ𡣡 
档һȥ 
ͬҹȴвͬͣЦƽûгͻԺͿɿԡ 
ĴϷüͷֵûʣϢɡ 
ҹ춵õʱ䣬ҹ̲ס£ΪʲԸʱħ 
ǲķʣΪʲҪãۣûҹȭžӮ 
֪ѧ漫ΪԸڹŰǾۼһ˵ҹ²ϻ 
ҹ£Բ𡣡ǰ§Ǹ˵ 
һ뵽췸ݵģҹ֪Ӧһʣɱʱʲ᣿ 
ʲᶼû롣ﲻ˼ĻһЦɱʱпУȷֽⸯΝ޻Ҫʹ졣 
һ㵣Цݣˣ 
ҲϲӣȻħǡ 
Ĺ£磬ħ廥ɱ쾭£𡣡ﲻڴشֲһ䣺οħ屾͸ 
˵ȻԴߣҹʣأҲ 
ĳ˵Ҳһ˫֣ҵħ̵ģһʶҲ̵ģҲɱ 
ҹڽ࿴벻ȻڻɪСΣǵĴڣþò³ˡ 
ˣһң㣬ǰĻ£ھȻСӰΪħҡ 
Ҳǹ㡣ҹץֱۣļ˵ֻǰΪ鹹ޣΪ˱ؿۣɡ 
˵꣬ﲦ֣Ц˵ʲᣬֻ鹹磬˵ħ壬Ϸߵ˹͡ҿҲϧ˵ûѣʲôС֣ĸ磬ÿ춼ܵ𣬻˵ȻϷͬ·ħȻǵˣʵ㣬ɱЩħʱҾú㣬ܻǰδеĿ֡ 
 
žһҹһƣﲻŭƲ˵Ҳд 
˵Ķԣǰĺﲻ롭ҹϱԼˣǵûħ塣 
Ҳˣֻ鹹硣ﲦ֡ 
ɱԣɹ㡭 
»ز˰ɣܻܲȥҲ֪Ҳѹҹĵǡ 
ҲǸ˼ 
Ҳ̸ˣϢתȥűȴֹ²Եˣ᲻Ҫᵽؿħ塣 
һߣҹɨ伸Ʒ˫ȭǽһѷŪһƬǼ 
ɽ龰ʱ鲻ΪԼɱħõϲá 
ʹ˵Ķԣҹǲܽܣڵ뷨;ٶǰеģħˣƫƫѵĺܡ 
ҹֻϼʱӱ⡣ 
һţվ˯СӰϷ磬ҹЦʵˣ 
СӰͷһ࣬Ҳҹˣ 
û¡ 
Ҳ֪ˡϷϹǷ˵ 
̬أ 
֪ҹһJϷҲˣҺȾơ 
˹͡Ϸ˵ǸݰֻܲȾȷʵĺ÷ãȾȥ 
ȥǺȣһѡ 
ϷתСӰϢɡ 
Ҳģǰɡ 
ϷͷһȥԷ˰ɡ 
СӰһתѪȷʵԱϷ磬Ҳټ֡ 
;УѪ߲ͣԹĶУҵϣҹЦʱˣһ졣 
Ǹദ 
۵ҹЦǰԼҲΪڵˣ㲻 
ѪͻȻͣ²ɫأϷ翪ʵˣ 
ѪһѪζȥ 
117 
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ۿȾҹҲϣʵħζ𣿡 
ûСǰͷѪ߿϶˵ 
ҹˣҲ²⣬Դǲʹһֱ 
Ϲ԰ʹûҹҲŵŨѪ ζ 
ѪһţȼһС磬ܡ 
һ̽ϹȻ˼ʬ壬Ϸ̤ǰһѪͻȻڣߡ 
ˣ 
ħ塣Ѫ龯䣬ζһ 
ҹ֪ԣϷȥʱǰЦ 
˭Ϸһ 
˴ӰһݣҹΪԾؿ 
ߺߣӦʲᡣؿ 
Щɱģ 
ҹɵˡؿʬЦʲʡ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
û취쿴ǴĹ񫣬һʱؿһ޹˵ 
ԭûħ㡣ϤζѪˡ 
˹͡ҲɱģϷһ˫Ϭӽ 
˭ 
ڴɽԵࡣҲҹ֪ġ 
ŶǸħʹؿĿһƮЦǰɱģ˭ 
㣡ҹһ𣬷Ϸȷѣϵ佣ؿ 
ؿһָ࣬һ죬ѳĩѪ߼״ϽϷ糶Լᡣ 
ǸߵСѣϤֺɱ˹͡ĶϷȻ 
ҲСѡؿ쿹飬ָϷ羯ٽСѾҪ 
ؿ̤ǰҹϽסɱϷ硣 
ʲᣬûȤҪɱٳˡ 
ʲ˼ 
֡ؿһָڸ߿գЦҵӦѾɱ 
ɱ 
ҹľñؿЦĸ񣬵ʲ֣͸οɱҹ㶯뿪߲̫ðɣǸһ𡣡 
ȥģ᲻̫ࡣ 
ؿ΢΢һЦˣҪȥҵĺ 
һʧҹһڣ䣬ȻﵱģȻ̬ȡ 
ҲǰħʹиϷ粻ò롣 
ǡ 
ǣѪƿϷ磬ЦȰǶֻǿǼƷ 
ղַˣҹһţ㲻 
ȻǰħʹǣϷ 
ħͳߡ 
Ǳؿ˹Ѫŵ쭸׽Ӵħ֪û뵽ȻԼеȫͬ 
ܣӦǰ׷ͷơѪһ첻ͣԼռ䡣 
ߣȾơҹԭƻʹ쳩 
⼸ĻfϷȾƣ̾ɣȥ 
ҹǿһתͳͣŴȥ 
ؿĳҹеһɨգϝӣ̸Ĳʤˡ 
ȻҹĶ㵽ֻһԾȻ۵ıؿҹ߳һ𣺡⣡ 
㻹ɵˣող͸㣬Ҫȥ 
˵ֱ׳ҹǰһ̽ŷѾϵر 
ҿûǰ 
ҹһۣ״˵ȷʵû 
ҹŭʣ㵽׶ڵ״Ҫɱ㡣 
֪ؿ̾Цݣû֡ 
ϻûԹˡȻһμ滹ͦͬ⸱Ƥ״˵ 
ҪҲֲ֪ڣ˵Ҫû֣վ⽲ 
ҹǿ벻һû˺գǸΪҲ֪ҪȵǺٽΰ˵УҲκãò¡ 
ؿЦ治ϲû¾ˣҲԣҲһ´ɡ 
졣ҹ̵ס㼥ĶͷһӣҹԶһ㣬û±ٳ֡ 
ãƲؿӰӣҹ벻͸Ը뿪 
ǲֻ壬ÿÿûͱµ̾һһҡ 
գѾ͇ʹ࣬۵Դ˯һԵҹĲ졣 
ʹƽ룬ɾԼûһҹ˯գȴǸ⣬Ḳһǡ 
һҹͻȻſ˫ֲۣλˣֻ֪ڴۣϽȥ 
ʲᣬ׻װ˯Լҹ 
ûװ˯ 
ûװ˯תȥʲᡣ 
Ϊһ˯ʵ˵۵Դȷʵ˯һء 
£ȥ𡣡Ҳ֪ڽ£ǲϲ̬ȣ˵Ҳͬѡ 
ƫƫҹԼж˵Ļÿ仰壬ӲԸٽҪ뿪ֱء 
˲һ￴˴ˣþãƳĬ㻹ҪĻ⣬Ǿͱ𿪿ڡ 
ҹϣһͽƿ 
׶ˣҹ 
ǡͷۡ 
ҹãһζͷʹŹ֡ 
ͷʹﲦ֣۵ա 
ʹ 
ҪڣȴƳϵѪգվһҲҲ˴ʣѪ 
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ҹһͷżһ飬ȷᣬǱؿ˫ָģһѣС֣һմġ 
Ŷֻӻ󡣡 
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۵Դ𾢸죬һϷǡ 
ҹǰ£´ħ壬㲻Ҫȥʳ 
ȻԼϣھȴ²ԵĻֻ٩ֲ㣬 
ƽʱҹ϶Żطȴ⣬΢Ц˵ǾͺãҵĺɲǸħԵġ 
һҪڴ𡣡̺Ʋ˵ 
Ҫǿ۵ķϣץϼڣܵĿɰģߣȥץͷۡ 
˳ϷǰϷһЦϺˣ 
Ϻãûܡ 
һ˵ҹֵĴԶԶԣǸõĺܡ 
ŶǼǵðѷáϷָ˵ 
볨ķƳһǼܲ˵ľַʽйˣһûܣֻǹͨ 
 
û֮ǰҲ㽲ˮҹҲ˵Ͻɨ 
һס⵱Ȼ˳ҹڿü䣬ϷǺһЦָԸħ塣 
ǲ档 
֮ǰ⻰϶һЦ֪֮Ըı¡ 
Ϸ΢΢һЦһͰڳ飺м²֪ɲʡ 
˵ֱǿнЦ㶼˵ˣ˵С 
ҼǸСˡϷ飬ϻزᵽؿתͷߣᣬҲ˵ֱ̫ӡ 
֪˵˭һȻأʲ᣿ 
ҹûɱ˼ˡûӦϷҼǵڰũʱȻƽˣײУʵڲȫˣħɱࡣ 
ħ屾ǻԵ壬仰˵ģ˵ǰòıɡ 
ıˣҲˣкЦֵ仨ʱû£ȥʥ 
ʥҪãһΪ岻ͬҪ໥ɱħ岻Ҳܺƽ 
Ϸ磬ЩӦҹۣһ̸졣ٿʵǼ 
԰ 
ǽжޣҵģɱǾǵˡ 
⻰˵Ϸ޷Ӧȥ̾һ벻̾ϢȻлһ֪ҹվűߣ͵ 
ɤŻ 
ҹһֲ©ԭջͿԽƫ뷨û뵽ϷһϹ㣬ָֻǰһᱻǰ˵Ǽһ 
Ϸ粻ʲ᲻̸һʣ£֮ǰ鲻Ǻܺá 
ͬҹһǰۣں£ 
ڽϵһɻֻϷ֪ĵصδȥ֪򣬵ҲѾĿĵء 
ڣʹʬ壬֪ĳʬֳ 
մǬѪѪ ζǰͻȻũʬŵվϼ 
İĻ棬ϵѪԼϤ·ּﲻòԼɱ֣һ뵽Ϸ˵ʣ˦˦ͷ뷨 
ȷЩŭ뿪ֱӻ؝Ⱦƣûȥط 
ѵǾ£ 
ҹʣһתȴһŹϣǰҪ֪̽ж 
̧ͷȥ˶ʵʲҲĴѰҲκι֮ 
ɦɦͷһͷˮ뿪԰˵صԭѱɻȡֻ״ 
ֻǣסլȴֻСӰһˣȥˣ 
Ϸȥ򳤡СӰͷҲ̧˵ 
มϵ鱾òһ̽ƲȻڿʲ᣿ 
СӰһͷͶĴдһŸϽ𣺡̬ 
ûʲᡣ 
㡭Զһ㡣СӰƵſڣָϣվⲻ 
롭 
׼룬վá 
ͶĹۣӢиĿ࿴ڵĶСӰĶСɵǵĴ졣 
죬ﵱ㣬ʶ뿪߷ΧȴֹЦãһ˵ͷʹط˯ 
һ˵СӰʣΪʲͷʹ 
ˡ 
รǡǡ 
͵͵ŲŲһһСӰЦһƣС͵𡣡 
꣬־Ͳˡ 
СӰĻŭţȥҰΡ 
ˣʡɣ㻹ҪϷ硣 
СӰ죬˶ллϷ硣 
ʲлݸӶοϷκʧǷҵĹؼ֮Կ 
СӰĶ뷨ǲرѵˣֺøУָƣһľͿϽƲͷȥ 
ղڿʲ飿Ϥůʱ⣬Ǭ⣬ȥ롣 
תħġ˻⣬СӰҲ󷽸֪ 
бҪѧ𡣡ջǵѧϰҲĥʱˡ 
ųڣﱻԼ뷨ŵϽҵ˼ǣѪ߻ˣħͦġ 
ҾҪѧͲҲԡ 
ʤ 
ⲻǺʤΪħʹ⡣ 
119 
ȴᶨһЦҲٶ˵ 
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ｫֳأתתͷЦöˣлл 
ЦݲͬϷ磬СӰһƣߵĵͷȥ 
ﲻڲ˼ʲᣬһϸ۽ֳŨܣһͷ˿һϡ 
ٶСӰ󺰣㡭㡭ʲᡭ 
ͷһͷϷѪ߶˼Це³ٲĸСİܡ 
ҪܣСӰһӾһȭҪŮ񾲺ѡ 
ӿڳʱһèۡ 
ﵹҲŭСӵɵϴϻæ͸еЦֵͶҲԡ 
СӰߺ߶ƳһȦѲЦó󡣡 
˵̫ҪҲʸǳе£ֻǱŮһȭеܿɹľ顣 
֣ҰΡЦСӰһ 
ȦҲΣﾪ 
ûιСӰ۾һȸԾĵţԿ 
ã衣 
Ҫѿˡ 
һۣ̫ȥıҪæ಻鷳ˡ 
СӰͻȻվ𣬵ˣǸûħһġ 
֮ǰڰũǴᵽǹϢҹ˵ʣСӰͷʵ֮ǰʲᲡ 
 
ҹ˵ΪˣħȣԲŻħϢ 
СӰһ˵ЦҹƭģõĺܣħҲû¡ 
ǣֻħһ 
ΪɸҡСӰɻʵѸ档 
СӰüͷʣת𣿡 
Ϊʲ᲻У֮ǰؿˣԼͲΪħʹСӰ᲻֪ 
һǵһ 
ǺЦֽԼͽУ㿴ͿɡСӰ 
СӰɫͻȻףϽֳأˣ 
áܡСӰ΢΢ӣһɡ 
˱ˮ𣬼ˮǣɫ΢תϽʣھ 
Ҿ˵аɡ 
ܡǲ⣬й 
СӰû̫ڣŵղų⣬Һ㳷Ŀ죬Ȼˡ 
ų⣿ 
Լģղŵķʽתƣǽҵʦ˵ġ 
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˵ĲȷֵħԿʳͬһ𣿡 
Ҳ֪ˣСӰɱϣգۼֱǱõ鼮Цһмء 
֪Ҳ̽صУ˱㿪ʼѰ֪ⷽʶ 
ڼ䣬СӰйתħģڿİħʣҲһСӰʱش 
˴ʱ䣬ص鼮طϼ飬õĽСӰħĿʳǱڱʳ³ħʱʳ߲ڲųڻ 
ƣ۵һСӰһƣ۵۾ˣΪʲֻħԶ㣬ֲų⡣ 
֪ﲢȤֻ֪ὫΪħʹСӰѱ֪⿪֮ա 
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ҲŲǱؿԭ򣺡ȻΪʲ˵ 
ѪߵʱǱߣɱġ 
ܡﲻԸţֲʹĶУĿһ˳ȥ 
СӰһ׷ǰųžͿϷһݡ 
ҪȥģҹߣJֱ 
ҹ㡣һƽط 
ѪüӷﱼСӰʣǷ 
ҪܣСӰһ䣬İָѪߣҲ㡣 
Ϸ磬ܡСӰ̽㾾Ѫ 
ҹè۾ͱϣﻹһĵϷʲ£ 
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˵Ϊʲ֪԰ģΪʲѪΪʲһῴ 
侲㡣ҹı۰򣬴ķԣҵǵʱѾˣûܣֻǱ˯ѡ 
Ϊʲᡭ 
ҹӣ֣ϵѪǱؿմġ 
ؿ 
ɣҹֵǰɱȥ㣬Ϊˣš 
ؿûȤ֪׷ʣΪʲ֪԰ģ 
Ӧǰȥɡ 
Щʬ棬һЩɱģ 
Ǳؿ 
ֳΪʲ˵϶Ｑ 
Ҳ֪ȥǣǱؿ˹͡ɱġ 
˹͡ 
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120 
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ҹݸղȥģЦʣղʲ᣿ 
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һתȥұؿ 
ʲ᣿ 
һۣ֪ʡ 
ܱܲˣȻˡ 
ҵģ˭ɱҾɱ˭ 
˵ҧгݣҹͷһϣ޵㣬ŨҵĺҲвϵ 
ûҪ㲻Ҫ롣 
㡣ҹ֣ɱ˶ˣΪʲɱˣ˳Ӧ·չľǴϷȥʥ²Ҫܡ 
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ؿû֮ǰԲߣ⻰ֻｲһҹļģĻ˵ĳڣ̾ܡ 
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Աؿ涯ֻһ𹲸Ȫ 
ҹҸ̽̽ؿ뷨 
յҲƽٴ¼ҹӰĸ˿ǿ 
ҹŸͣڴϿʱĳֿʼĳƪ߶ 
ϹǷ鱾һѽ 
ڸ˵˯ʲᣡ 
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ҶĺùܽħĴɴȻ뷨ЩͬȴҲĽҹԼ˵󣬾ڡ 
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ֻ֪ͬѣ𡣡ıֱһתԼˣ罫Ϊͬ࣬Цţ㣬㿴һֻħҪһС 
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һ 
СҲ˰ɣΪ֮ᣬ˳ֵ˵ӦðħɱˣСȳ𡣡 
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˳ȥֻɽеĴȼϸһϿԿɼһȿռ䣬չɱľ 
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ЦָԶĴ䣺㲻ҿⳡʲ뷨ʵ㣬ЩҿֻϣҸȤЩ˵ħָǡ˺ǣüǰһֻ֪ܲҡ


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þòŵҹ˵ûȷʵˣ˹Ҳǡ 
ǶвҪȥˡһ 
Ϊʲɱ 
һۣԼ᲻ѧתħڱȵڣ͸ 
Ϊʲ 
˳ۡһ 
ദǼٵģ˫Ʈ֪ڷܣ̾Ҫʵ 
˵ʵֲȻʲֱ˵ 
һʵǵڻɪС˵Ļ𡣡 
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㵵Ŀһ˫յףҧŭʣʲ˼ 
Ȼǽħķѵûͫ׺ҹʧ𡣡 
һ˵Ȼȴҧгݣסߵĳ嶯֪ԭ֪ 
ʲᣬҪ㣿ǡ 
죡ŭס½ŭɾ棺˵㶼ɱ 
ûٿڣȴ뿪˵أתӣƵϱߣʲӡ 
ǹڵأƳϵԼ׺ݣһ˫ӱѪ죬ȴΪ⣬վŭʲ֡ 
һ㣡 
ѣﱧӴЦǶԼ˿ĿһڻɪС˵Ҳģҵˣʶǵʱ̣ȴǻ˼ĵӣ㻹˵ĸ粻ǿʳħɱ࣬ʲ᲻ԣҷ㣬ɱħʹ˵ĻҶǵҲǵãѣ 
ѣǰɱ𣿡ŭһJͽѹˮ 
ѣһת̽егȥ 
Ƴ⣬֮˲ҲʣһѪۿա 
㡭ųֳϽ룬˼һħ 
һʧȥ侲ڲУɵȥ 
״ϽǰֹĻܲʲᣡ 
йղŵǰ֮ò߾ȻŽ˲һӹһץж˫ַᡣ 
ﱻƷڵأҲ˦ 
侲㡣ĸ꣬ǻ󣬴ʱʧȥ侲ж 
żӣ˰ԼJҲı䲻ֿһϲݵء 
ûټǣԵ˹ӦˣȴŹң֪Ϊʲ𡣡ϣش̾Ϊ㲻ϣҲܱס 
ﶯҲĿǰ̣ĽһһﶼĿһԲ 
ǣЦΪ˹˵ˣЦȻ˵ףΪıˣ˵Ұ˵ĳ˵ȷʵǣҪ֪ҹҵӵˡ 
ҲΨһҸо˵ˡ춿˿ڣֻĮ 
ϵĻõůҪڣ벻Ȼ˵ɱˡ 
һ㶣µߵĻӲ̻ȥ 
侲ѹƣһԣҵķϣҿɱĳ嶯˵ΪҸı䣬ʲᣬɱ𣬻ǷЩħʹɱ࣬ʵҲҿʹɱǡ 
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ͷһϣþ²ϻ벻ȻԼ޽ȥǸʾõıˡ 
֣ۿͻȻһȣҺʱŷԼҲһеѹᵽԹ޵ζܣǸԼ˻˵ˡ 
İȫӶĵϵĲĩ鷳תҪ 
ͷһ࣬ɱӦûȫɣһء 
˼ƣΣϵɴӣ̾ǾɱҺˡ 
µʱûҹը 
ҹɦɦͷԴһᣬЦˡ 
˵꣬ͻȻͷĲԾǶ˵ұˣҾû 
ڣ˵ԣûǣħ屾͸Ǹħ廥ɱ쾭壬ֻʲ᲻ԡ 
ֺˡҹ˵ǰ룬ء 
ߣǰ̫棬͸ڵϷһûϲʵҵ⡭ 
˵ߵߵвԾļͷ룬˵˼룬顣 
飿ץӣƮþòŵԣҹһʱҵƽǣûк˼룬ҹڵʱҾͿ飬Ȼǡ 
ͻȻü˼ƣƬ̹᣺ҹ䣬ȾƣǺǣͻȻʺ벻 
鲻ʱЦʱŭ治ˣ̾ʣʲ᣿ 
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һ˫յԼΪԲҪȻΪҪڣϵֱİˡ 
ҵж磬ҲǸ磬ΪʲҪңɱҾˣȻƭң 
122 
ŭͻȻһĲ㣬˵ҪˣҿҡҶʹһһһεĲϷŹҡ 
˵ˡһǺˮ£緺һ£ͷ 
ǺǡǲܱԸˣҹҲҪɱ˵ΪҸıܶ࣬ʲ£Ƕ֪ҶжޡһЦָԼԴֵҪҼס죬ҼסˣҪɱӦҲڴԲԡ 
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һƴԼľٶ𾪣ŭˣҪ赽ʲ̶ȣ 
裿ǲŷˣҺѣԴҲҪ˵ȫǷϻرؿȥ 
ȥϽ׷ϣҹǡ 
ãԼȥ 
ߣ̾˵İ˴⣬ȫ˰ɡ 
ڰıؿһԣǵĶԻȫһֲ©ʱİٸнüʵҴ𣿡 
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治ˣϲҹҶԸȫˣҪŻ⡣ 
һۣǰһ뻹ڳһѱķԴܣ̾ѵҪʲ𡣡 
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οһЦǰԶӲͷ̬ȣȻڱ﷽ʽЩŤȴҲʼĹıˣһٶʧ 
ҹ˺ﱧҹ˯ҹʱͻȻէֵĵһļ 
ȥģܲܲҪֹʽ֣˳ҹæƽʱˣƫƫϻһǬѪۣģȡ 
ʲϵֻڣ˵ҲŲ㡣 
һ˵ҹʣ֪ȥģ 
֪Ҷڱ½ɽ 
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֪ͺáһ˵ҹҡڷζϹֹᣬվǵûع⣬Ҿ˵뷨ԣϡ 
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裿ҹһ䣬ûɱ¾ԣҵûħ壬Ҫϰ߻ȥˡ 
ͷͬȴԼĵǣڵѻǣҵĵԵ˹ִỽǱصħԣʱɱԡ 
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֪һõģǵ˹ԣ˵ԺĹ̶ִȿҲò̫׵ 
ҹһǴۣ˵û˵ܲ㽨Եġ 
֮ǰҾ˵ħûʲ᲻ãʱ÷⣬ڡ 
ǹңһ˵ҹȭʣ˵꣬ٵҷʡˣҪ֪취ҾԲ֣ħǵͼ 
ͼҲ㴴ġ 
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ҹԴһתʵ˵ؿ֪Ծ棿 
֪Լȥ 
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ǣҲǡ֪ʱᷢѣؿҲǰǱ־뻺˵ֻǾһ˭֪ˣǴ 
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ȻǾԶһ㡣һ˫յؿ֪ŭˣЦʣʲᣬ˭Ҫǻһ𡣡 
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Ϣһ 
Ҫ 
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죬ڽӽԴͷķϣЩԼֵľӡ 
˵ʱ͵ܡ 
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ؿЦϷˣϢ 
ϢͻȻһ漴ʧ֪뿪ˣһתŭصϡ 
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գؿѰϷ 
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̫ûϷˡغܺõıؿЦ˵ 
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Ҳؿ붼ĳڣֻǲһ񲣬ѱѹڵأһ㵵Ŀ 
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ͣһѵģؿ 
ҪҶоĵֿܾѹסĿһҧ֪ΪʲҲֺʹħΪһжģǸûģ㾹Ȼ׽Բأң 
ؿΪʲϢҲ£ǰƭ˵ʣݸΪܸ𡣡 
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Ըֹͣؿһ˽۵зһħ 
ŸеƷѱɳȥӾǽһڴϢ 
㳹˵Ļٶͱҹ˵вؿѾ֪ںĻʣʲᣬһϢɣϷ 
ȥͷԶٵǰһ꣬ӳ£Ȼû֮ǰʹȴҲˣһ˯ 
ʮûҹϣȴƷ㶡 
ѪߡϷ绹СӰǵѾ˾ռߣտʼοʣ罫͸ˡ 
һ磬ϷӶûͱҹĲ̬ŵ̾ʣðɡ 
˯ҹۿʪĳȥͷչе̧ۣһڣսԲլ 
ššĽкԼҹһ¶Լܵı飬һ̽óԿ׿Žݡ 
ӵȻԶھө̸ĸŷòԭ۵۸ԭ 
ĽԷѧ˯ĵҹһſڴرߣ˯ƨ 
վкˣһţɫ԰ףͿī֭ĺȦЦʲ£ 
ǰܲӲʩľ£ǰ½Ѱұڶ˶ʹ£ѹҲˡ 
İΣֻиؿ߾԰ȫҹܽܣͷ֣õԿľ 
ǰľ鿴Ϊ벻Ȼ˵ӻӴ˯ҿҪˡ 
һЦǸݺͺȦӦѾۻݵƣۣһӣħѰ磬ůø 
ҹһת˯һԵıؿ籬ըŭ𣺡 
ؿӣЦû˯ม 
ŭ˲ǵߵ㣬˫յףҧгݵһϲõˣҪָˣŷȫãΪʲᶯˣ 
ؿӣ΢Ц˵㲻ϲǸϷǻϷòá 
ΪʲҶˣﳶٶȷʡ 
ŶȻŪģϷҲˣڿʼҶҪһ𡣡һԵıؿӸȫߣЦʣԱ𡣡 
ŭԽԽңԵĵ 
˵Ǿǿޡؿ§һڰũʱ򡣡 
׼ңʹȫҲѲǹ֮ǣƣһ˫ӲѪ˿ʱֻɱ¾Ѫ ȣŭѾûħˣҪң 
˵ñؿݸ汿ûħҲ㡣 
ȥʣһϣԴԾ龰Ť뷨ѳ˯еѪӣ﷢ֹܲסʱǰͻȻһƬٿκҲκ 
ȫӡһҹǶˣؿǰζ 
ʶƮԶǰʧظУﺦ£ҹ͵˵ÿ仰ԼĲˡ 
Ѿ½ˣٹܻҹߡ 
Ըٱ 
ȳԵ㶫ؿ𣬽ʳݵߡ 
Լħжﵭ˵ 
Ҫſɱңֵö㡣 
ҧأѹֱŭپܾϵʳ 
ؿһһιʳϸϸʳڵɧȻƽؿȴһ 
125 
ˡƲͷܿǰʳ 
ؿǿȣЦݣ֪жԶˡ 
ܲܰܲ뿪ܲܲҪҡھ͵÷Ѻô󾢲ܽŭѹסһĻס 
ؿһʣܲܲҪߣͼʱҲ𣿡 
һ붼뿴㣡̲סŭ 
ֱؿ̾㵽׶һǺϲ㣬ǰڣֻԽԽϲ 
˵û 
͵˽ҹ֣㣬ֱȥؿ˷Żϣ̺ӣס֡ 
ľٶԼûûʶƷʹҧԼĴ 
ؿֲĳݱҲļͷ 
һﶥͷе¶ȣԼож᲻ˡһǸԼҪӰ죬ҪŭҪңﻹɱ 
⼸챻ܶ£ڣȻΪԼһһ죬޵ǷۡҲ 
в˼飬ջ侹ɧƽ˼ҲԽ֪ʱ̬˵һɽӢһ֣¾ͰѸɱˡ 
̶̼ñؿķĬĬ˵ 
㻹ĵȥŰǣҼǵʱ˵Ҫȥĵط̨ʲŰǡ˵⣬ݸֵټ棬ҷϲҹʱҹ㣬ħ 
ûϲ˵ϲƯĶ 
۲ˣþòֿڣץǴΪҹ³ɿһȥʱǲŸʶ֪ΪʲҾǺܵ㣬Ҫµˣᱻãĵ뷨Ҿܵܡ 
ƾؿٴĶ뷨һЦһŭʱ⣬Ͻˣ˯ 
죡ͻȻŭũһֱˣɱҹɱЩ˵ɣұصС 
ǣɱʱҵĺʹɱ֮Һڣڣڵÿ춼ǲǻ˵İ˼һתЦɱһ֣ܿ㣬ؿؿſҺòãҺԿҾһϴ 
˺þҲȲӦﷳ߽ת֣ϵܻĵҵû˸ңб¾ͱħſңſҡء㵽׻ 
Щɱⲻȴò㣬ͷһŭɲԸȫˣݵ£ǲһĨЦݣɵɵЦ 
鲻ؿ̾Լ 
һ˵˲ѣЩʧأ˳˳һǵıؿҲħ 
ǡ 
Լ⣬ˣȥԼĲԼ 
;Ҳͣţؿŷǰҹ졣 
ᣬֻǾ˵Լȥ롣 
Ȼֺӵ˯֮٣ǿܵķΧ 
ҹŴɽ֪ٶͿԷŷ򣬾Ϳ԰Ľ 
ʱͻȻ̧֣֪࣬жǵ֮ 
ǽ塣ؿ֣գɽµİ³ 
ĴһƬ棬̾һ 
ƳķӦؿ΢΢һЦɡ 
ʲù䡣ﵭ˵ܿעӣʣ᲻ֱӻŷ򡣡 
˵أȻһ 
һԼȻִ⣬Ļشֻһֱòйɱһ̽类 
ɱҾͰֻؿ΢΢ЦֵҺڴ㽻ء 
һۣ֪мħ˵ҪҲУ㲻ħ 
ˡؿһתͳǰȥ 
ߣҲԣħûʤ㣬ûħʲᶼǣȥģʲ磬ҲħܰİħʹβϣϲͣԹԽ˵Խ˵ͷ໰Դ󶼱˳ 
ؿԽԽЦֹ²һЦɰûħ绹ҹ𡣡 
ʱؿӱ߲ȥýǰǵ𣿡 
ûǵáһۣΪʣǵ뿪ɪС򣬵һŴӾʱ䣬ֻ֪Լõ֪꣬иĽ 
ؿ֣λߣ꣬Ѱ׺ӣ·һҲ̬˵һ죬ϿͻȻȿռ䣬ħ崳ƶĴӴɱ¾ľֿʱȴɱֹۣħ඼ɱһ·ɱ˵أһ˵ 
ⲻ£ɱ¾֪⻰ǳԱؿ 
ǵˡŴ㵣΢΢ؿ֡ 
ڱؿͬʱӾ͸龰ֻǵõʱõ꿴飬һҵ˻𲻽¥鿴һֻ̽õϰ֪ħ˺ѡ 
ɱֻħΪɱ˵ϰ壬ɱʱ򡭡ͷԼ֣ʱָħĿ绹УһЦɱʱпСǺǡ˺ĳֵᷢĽúЦһǵͷнǣƯɫҰѹڵϣѵӵãĽǸΪղأһʧˣֵţˣʲ᣿ 
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ؿڣ٩٩õͷܳܳһȥ֪ԭкöħеϷɣеڵЩҪҰæҾͰˣЩﱾ͸и˾ȻҵҺòȻᡭȻᡭ 
ͷ˼ƣؿ˵Ȼɱˡ 
ûУԿ϶ĺ 
ɱǰֹ㣬ָ㣬÷ֶɱǡ 
˵ѣǡؿÿ˵һ䣬о͸ֵʱ档 
ȻɱЩħٰѸ˵һԵҲɱˣһ·ɱҪѣЦסİ׺ӣȾѪĵ̽ѡ 
죡Ҫ˵ˣϼֹס 
ǻȥɡ 
صϣѹʵͷһתûûħ屾͸͸ 
Щأ 
ֹס񣬱ؿ§Ӷ˼⣬˼ò֪Լľٶ쿴ҲžС 
㣬㣬ֻҪһҾͿҪץ񡣡 
ؿļͷ侲㣬㻹뱻𡣡 
ҡŵͷȴͻȻЦ鹹磬Щ˶ǼٵģǼٵġ 
ٵ𣿡ؿݸǼٵģԼָ 
ЦݣЩմ˫ֵѪȣڶǻȥź˻ʵھεˮֹס̶䣺ҡɱġ 
ˣ˯ؿɺãĲŻǰ˯ˡ 
һ磬ӺѣӲŷ֮ȫʧⲽıؿǰȥ 
ܵŷ򡣡֪վᣬؿͷҲص˵ 
жħּԼŷ￪ʣҪ˵ 
ûС 
ؿ˵Ŀ죬ǴﲻţǽȻûˡ 
Ҫؿ˵ 
ָ㺢Ҳɫ 
ؿһۣԹһҪԶϢ 
ħĻۡﵭ˼УƬ̹ᣬͻȻʣ԰Ҳɱģ 
ؿЦʣҹû𣿡 
ǲǡ 
ǡּؿ 
ΪʲһῴЩʬΪʲ֪԰λáﲻٴλԼ 
ؿһ뿪Ӿ͵ϺȾƣȥ˾̣˹԰԰Щ鷳ҾͰɱˡ 
ȥ̣ 
ǵúʱѾˡ 
ԭ֪࣬һҲԼµ֡ 
ظؿһЦɱ˵һᱣ㣬һϣʧԼɱ¾ʱĿԻ󡣡 
ɱ˱Ҷ࣬ʲʸֻ 
ΪҲŶؿ̾ڴһκȾҾ͸߹㣬ƽЩΪħ˵ֻ 
ϻɱ˲գۣĿɱࡣմȾѪ ȵ˵֪ûʸָû˵ûʵĻȴ̲סطһ 
ؿЦһۣ֪𣬸һʱҵıɱ¾ȫʧָоҵڶ벻ء 
һڣԭǶ裬ǰұ˰ġ 
ؿͣںϱЪϢߣЦʣ 
ΪʲҪ 
Ϊںҡ 
һӴЦ԰ں㣬һϷϣ첻СĵˤǺˮǺǾͲɱˣʱһģѹ 
վǰıؿһͻȻסϸϸľӣЦÿ쵣ͽɣʵˣħҲϢȻ̿еʹ࣬ģһܿ졣 
һľĸ⶯ȴȼϤУ૵ԭˡ 
ؿݸˣһ̧־ħ 
ף 
ĺܱ 
˵ʲᣡ 
ؿָ֣ŷ򣬵ҹˣҵڻû 
˲ѣʱɱϷûʥıҪԼҹȥ 
֪˵ķǵĻЩѹû⣬ǿɱ֮ΪѣƵĺܣԼԺ 
֮ʱؿѴŷڡ 
ﶨһƣƲģһȦħ 
ȥؿ׷ǰ§Ҫ˵ĻҪʧԼ 
ҵ²ܡ 
Ȼ䷳ȴӵŭͱ꣬ؿοһЦұ֤ҵģһˤҲҭϷɱҡ 
üͷ֤ɱˣɱĺܹ񫣬ӡеı֤ȫڷܣ˰ɣı֤š 
⻰ؿ֪㵣ҡ 
̫ࡣһۣŲϵֱ֣§㵽ҪҪҽȥ 
һ£һ¾ͺáؿͷһͿļϣһȥҹҧԼĴҲġ 
˵Щݣ밲ȴЩˡĶоȥ־ͣڱؿϣƿŷ 
ؿĹٲԸվǵߣǿԶȥӰ̲ס׷ϼһһֱڣɱҵʱͽңһ㣬ҲԹɱΪҪȥ硣 
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ͷҲصؿľźĲᣬܾۡ 
ϷңԶĴ׽룬ڵѪʲᣬҹϲǰֱ巿̺ס䣬ЩӡЩһֱڶǻȥ 
 
ΥʮδҹϲİӴгҪΥ֮ȴʪסˣ 
ͷҹļʵǲǱؿ֡㡭ˡ 
ûϣƿɫ˼ҹʮ֣㱻Ҳֻ§ˣıȵҹְצʽ 
û۾ģ 
۾ʹƲͷһ˲侹Ȼҡˣҹȴ񣬲ʣҪȥ𣿡 
˵ҪڻСӰڡ 
ۿɹתƻ⣬ݸһЦ׷ʣȥģ 
塣 
֪Ը˵ҹҲ˳ⲻᣬȻ֪ʮǷʲ£ԼҲ׷ʡ 
ȥʲ᣿ 
ڲ˵ʱɡҹһ£ϻͣӣġǴǰġǴǰġǡ 
ݣ۴ǰķݣﲻЦ˵ʧ߰ɡ 
ҹǵշ죬Ȼ٩һ뵽ԼĲ㱩Ļʲȥ֪ҰҶ⣬ 
ҵ£ǵҡͻȻۣһ̧߿ˡ 
ʹҹȦ£˰Դ𣬵ʼٸߣҡ 
ҡҡǹġһãһϵĶѪĸҿڣһ´ϽС鲼ȥ 
ҹҪ֮ززץĽף˻ߡ 
ĲǹģҲҪߣǡǶѪͿ絽ߣｫһץһ̧Ӱá 
ҹ֪Լˣȴ׾Ķж鲻Ծϣֻǵõʱ򣺡ıѪմˡ 
Сܲеҹһ۲θ 
ǺһЦɺãղץʹҵʱͷˡ 
ģҹۿʱҲƢˣղǳѷ 
ѷԼ⼸ѾˣҹĶŪһתͻȻ¶һĨЦݣſڴرߣϴǲ˵ã»ػ档 
ҹһۣһ뵽׾Ӽɣ׳ԣϼˣ˻û 
䣬ҹϰԵıӴһѪҲһ̿סЦ 
ҹ߳ŭ뿪ʱ֣һĸоãɣÿ֣Щ¶ˡ 
̹ϵ԰ףҹԲ 
ҡͷֵܾ¸˵ 
ã˵һҹҲס 
³ɱġ 
ҹͶ䣬ԼˣЦʣ˵ʲ᣿ 
˵³ɱġ 
һˡҹӣĶͷ˳ϣȥҽ 
ġһ´˵Ŀ϶ 
棬ҹ벻ҲУһʱȴ֪ʲᷴӦ 
ԭأһգƲͷȥˣҲǣԼˡ 
ģҹϽǰ§£ 
һۣսսĵҡԼ֪£ص³ȫˣɱۺ죬ֹħҲɱ룬ı˵ˣҡ 
룬ʧֲǽŷ¡ҹһס졣 
ﲦʵ֪ 
֪Ȼ֪ʲôСֵġҹֵĺ⣬ȴĵĺܡ 
ʲʱ֪ģ 
ⲻҪ֪ڰ³ɱҹһ䣬Ҫұؿú 
Ҫ𣿿⼸һֱƲסԼҲ֪ΪʲҺٷͬ¡ 
ҹͷͬ§ļһ£ڿʼҾ͸㣬ʧؾһ㣬ⷽɡ 
񲻴ǡһָ̧ıͷʱ㶼ҴѪˣһʧ 
ĵǣҹһãʧҲֻܵвʱҲ֪ؿģһҲΣŻ㲻Ҫ롣 
֪ʼĩﲻ֪飬ֻǵͷʾ˽⣬ֻһʱȷ˼룬ҲرƽΨһǣΪʲ 
ţٸ㡣 
ӱܻ⣬ﲻݸԭҲв֪¡ 
ҹһᣬѵߵĴȥԼ˵ֻ²ĵߣȥԶ 
ҹϰ֮ھӼңﲻԸܵ˼һȻ 
˹Ű  
һھֻһ˫ȭյһǰ;סġ 
Ҳϡ΢΢һЦļ磬˶֮ջɡ 
ͷԼɱ˿֮⻹ҪܱؿľŰ ѽ㵽ͷϡ 
Ǹڼ顣ͷҪ̣ҹϽץԷ 
΢ĵҹסߵĳ嶯 
ȵҪȥ꣬һȥ˿ûֵŭĿҹʳʼһг̡ 
ԼȥˣʡһָԲĵ˵ 
ҹһ̧ԼҲܷЩЦǺðɣˣǧҪ飬㶼֪㲻ڵʱ򡭡 
ҹٲ죬ͱ߳šҧ¾棬ԼѾԹˣ˾Ȼæȷ 
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û˱ҹʶֻ࣬ŵزǣݲһĨʿЦݣģСͻȻҪ죬һ 
˫ֽǰСԼ߹Ц 
ҹһߣfҲվҧгݵ㾹ȻҶ½ȥ 
ʲϵ㲻ǺúõĻˡ 
ʲûйϵֲ㱻Ű ˵һ뵽⼸ľĥͿɣٹزסӲͣԹ 
òһҹϿĶӣһѶڰıؿϡ 
ֳҹ鳯ĿĵֻǲûԶһԼʮߡŮվǰ 
ǰԲõŮҹǰڨȥȻǷϣ֪ʲר飬ټϷıͷ׸ԴɲԼκ֮ǰ˼ 
һ࣬ƹŮԼǰŮգֵסȥ· 
鿴Ҫ־Ҫ绰ٲðĽݵ񹥻ҹɤӣһĨЦݣСŮѾжޣ鷳· 
Ůüͷ쭸ɤӵвΪ㳤ĺÿͷĿб죬ͷ棬ͷҲãؤӴڱ϶ŷѣ¶Ӷ 
ҹ΢ʱֻͷҵʶһʲࡱԼĹıȵСӡ 
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޳ܣŮϥһߣĴִ꣬óˮϲſڣҵҪ㣬 
ϰ֣ŮҲٿһ·ʱҹżһתһͷȥ 
Ůͷĺ 
ҹͷҲصļǰûȥʲӡ 
ιŮ׷ǰJ½ǣû뵽Ȼ񰡩 
һйЧͦģŮԺ⻰ⷶ˾ռߣƫƫȵһˣգۼ䣬Χڶൽ塣 
ʲᣡǵ£ͨͨ 
Ůһ˸ҹܺߣմִܲҡͷָ𣺡СѾͷ治 
䣬ܴ˵ĳָŮ˲̺һ͵ЦҹҼס 
ߡҹһЦָ 
ֵȺɢʱҹȴȺеıؿJJĳǰ 
ؿѹ棬ͷһתˣҹϽ׷ϣС㡣 
Ҹûʲý 
ҲҲԣûʲýģһС˵ú֪֪¡ 
䣬ҹһת뿪ͷȴıؿ 
ûʲýʲᡣ 
ٵ⡣ؿıӰҧг˵ 
ҹһЦⲻǵ⡣ 
¿ʡ 
ҵɶޡҹָ϶Խֲ͹ݣǰͻȻէһƬˮɫâãҰͻȻɢһƬ 
ۣܾɫǴȻ⣬֪ؿתħһѣ㲻ҷɣ 
ؿһǴۣһԶһ硣 
˳߿ȥҹֻ֪ѣһְڳҧ޵ĸ̬ 
û°ʲᣬòΪԭɡųڣҹ뵽ⲻص㣬Ͻ˵Բԣû°ȥ³ 
ᵽ³Ӧȫˣ֪̾ʡ 
ĲɲǼ˵ʵԣҹüʵ֮ǰʧأ 
ؿһۣҹѹҪ㲻Ҫ뿪ߣ԰ɡ 
뿪Ҫǰȥ½ 
ڲ뿪ˡؿһڣı⡣ 
ҹһۣҪ¿飬ȴؿͻһס 
ֻҪһ뿪ɱԴ󷢣㲻֪ɡ 
ʲʲ˼ 
³ֻǿˡؿһ˵ҹŵʵũĶ˼Һ͹԰Ҳɱġ 
ҹþòŴӴлع˦˦ͷЦ˵ѣΪ˵Ҿͻ뿪лɳ𡣡 
ҹﲻţؿҲ˵ʣǻ˵Ϸһ뿪ȥǶũΪĶ׳˶˽ˣв񣬳ԽԽң˵ϱҪȥ˰֣һӻȥŮ˵ֱۣ׷ɱŮ˵ķľٶе˷ܣ˽֣û˾ˣѪ Ҳɱ¾ȫʧȥǵɱˣֱ᷽ƬС׻ѹ 
ԸţϸҹȷʵһС׻СӰԴһתƭˣѪЩ˵ʱ䣬ȥʱԶˡ 
Ų㡣Լκ˿ȥؿ˵һͷƲ 
³ŷĻҹһ䣬˵԰ɱģͷϡ 
ҹǴҩɾȣѲҪǰ˵Ǻɱģȥ鷳 
ԼԹ԰·ϤմϵѪգҹʣʲ᣿ 
ؿָҲ֪쳳ʲᣬֻ֪ܸܲ꣬ǺһѾ֮뿪Ҹ԰Ҳ֪ΪʲҪȥǱɣһֱظ˵û䣬ûЩ࣬²˵Ӧòµ˰ɡ 
ѵûϸҹͷԡѪ߲ŻŵѪ ζ֪ˣϢѪ߻򣬹ɢǵעʵʱҲڶԲԡ 
ؿǺЦϣ̫ 
ΪʲᡭΪʲᡭҹһУ˵ԼҪŶĵվ档 
129 
Ϊʲ᣿ʵȤڵҵģ˭ħ壬ɱ¾Ѫ ȵ壬Ϊֻ˳Ӧܣ𡣡ؿ˵Ȼ̬ȸǲΪ⣬ȴʮֲϣɱ¾ԣ֮ǰûа 
һƳüͷ²ҹЦˣϲˣ 
ǡҹĿ죬ȴⲻ˵δؿݷ֪뷨Цһ㶼ںϲɱˣҶ𣿡 
ⲻܲܵ⣡ҹŭһټȭͷŵ㲻Ҫĸһ࣬ǻûħħࡣ 
ܾܽԶһ㣬һչ 
䣬ҹߵؾסҪˣҵģҵģܱҵģ 
ٻȭһǲؿݵϣҹ˵ڵأȭͷĴڱؿϣŭҪ㣬㣬ΪҲ֪һжƻõģĸһȥɱˣȻ֪ԼУֻǲһȥԲԡ 
ҹͻȻֹסУµˣڰũң㣬ŹòãҪȥҴȥȫ 
ͷһͣһˮڱؿϣ̬ñؿеοеģαװſ񣬵ǵĴҲ˵Ұ裬ҵĶ裬ܰĵˡ 
˵⻰ɲǳԼܣԱؿ˵νˡ 
ҹ˼ԸȫǱк⣬һԼŹСŷ޷Ͻ˿ 
ؿҲڵϣƣҺ뿴ǵ磬յľͷӦõ˰ɣˣһҪȥһ 
΢ᴵҹԶǵֻȾ͹⺦ϿĶǳӣ·һСľͻᱻײٵһ˵ͽŵĻ֮Լ 
һȥġؿۣ΢΢Ц 
ؿůǣԴͻȻϣһֻҹ죬ٸҸᰧԹ 
͵ضؿҲ֪ϲʲˡ 
֪ 
Ϊ㹻Щûеġ 
ǷᣡΪħҾͲ㡣ҹȻ˵ߣȴԼͷиеᣬӳȥͷϲںڷ˿²ǿһصȥһ˳Ĵһ㡣 
ˡؿͷ˫ϥȵˮֹסĹ£㶮˰˵ķһҲ޷еڶԼϲˡ 
ϸСļͷ΢΢ҹ§ᣬҿɲǰο㣬ֻǿ㣬ͬѡ 
³ӵԣûԤеŭеļͷĸҹʱ˵ֻý§ĸ 
˶ҹֻ֪֪ԼˣӽˣӦĵԴĿ޹ʿȶƴȻ޹˰ɣҵкǲܿ޵ġ 
ؿˮ̧ͷ𣿡 
ҹͷһ㶼飬ҲԼҲˮһֻϴʵĵˮ˵ųı֣ϺӲҪġ 
ؿüͷŬ˵ʣǰ࣬Ƭ̹ŵͷͬ˵ĺǶԵģûм˿ޡ 
ҹڽ࣬Ȼ֪Ҳ֪ȵ֪࣬û뵽ŵֵز⵱Ϊʲ᲻ˣԼھȻҲͬ뷨 
֪ϲģ˵Ȼ֪иҪҪʣҹ̲ס档 
ؿİͷתûʶ뻹֪²۵ġ 
ιʰְοķ˵һ» 
Ҳ 
һҹ֪ľصصͷ˭˵ֻŮ˿İԡ 
ؿɵĿþòŵ˵ 
ȥģҵȻ֪˵ҹڴãһӾ輴ȥ 
˵˵˲ֹһΣǺܶΣ˵ҿҪˣĴԶֻУҪԡϲ 
ҹ֪ԭġ˵ģһƻǴˣʣΪʲҪɱũЩˣ 
ΪΪԸҵʱƿңˣңҪѵֻϣҾɱûطȥ֮Щ֪ྐྵȻҵȻɱǣЩֻ˵ǳֵĲʱ򡣡 
ҹӲ֪̹׵ˣⷬ԰ףĹ۵ƺûʲ᲻ԣɦɦͷΪǸˣһǧҲֲ㡣 
˵ˣҲı䲻ˡؿվѵúƽ̸ҹҹ۲ˣһ·ŷнȶļû㣬ټȥа취ֻҪúͺá 
ҹаķϽʣʲ취 
ˣһУ£ͲԹ޵ɣ˵ǵûɱ¾ǺܺãԶƽ 
֪ҲԸǣҪö;ģƳĨɬЦݣҹ֪Լˣļ磬˵ǻزȥǾһ𣬲ҵ뿴ҹ֮سʲӣĵӦòɰɡ 
ҹǴˣҪЭˡȻݻľٶȴǵĺůƲͷסˮ 
130 
ƳС΢΢ҹ֪Լĸ磬һɤӵûòתȥʲᣬһҪء 
һƴıؿŷ飬ҲɢЩֲ꣬úϲ㣬ȷʵȲϡ 
ĸ̣ͻɶͶ״ҹӦϾԼû£ûĶ࣬J˵Щġ 
治֪Լкοȡ֮Ӯͬ㣬˵ͱг֣ҹӶ 
ٽ̸æ׹ҹԼµط³ĳ˶Ͱ˻ߣбؿĵľ棬ΣķȷףĿ࿴ 
˽̸ڵҾˣͷרע鼮Ŀ˶ˮּ 
ҹһߣ￪߶ûˣȻԵߣȴϻؼḡ걩塣 
ƽ飬˳Ҫĵñ档 
޻˵f´ʱ뷨Ҳֱܾͷɫƣһ콫ȥˡ 
ʲ᣿һ̧߾ٸϵѩֽš 
ֽ 
ЩΪ˲ŭ´ʣĵøأ 
ҲĹѧ˵дȫǲܵ£ûĵø롣ǱͷľĹ֮ߵͬĹ۵۵ 
Ŷûѧ𣿡 
УҲȻһЦҵ絽ǿƼ㲻ħҲϷɣΪһֶɻԴɵκȥĹңһֶеԣ㲻ҲȫѶˣлˣ֪ʲ𡣡 
ᵽԼϲļ˿Ƽһ˫۾ҫ۹âúܶĶûǻᶯ£ԵֻҪССƬ趨ָͿˣɣȻڻǺһӦҲAI 
Artificial IntelligenceAI˹ǻۡһɻĽ͡ 
˵ЩҲ 
ֻҪֻ֪ſѧ˵ľԿ϶ʱƫƫ¹ʱİɫ壬̾һҵҲй֮˵ҰҮգҶݹүݵĺڣЩѻĴڰɡ 
հ٩٩̸Цڰҹ֮أħ˵꣬ΪԷ𣿡 
̫࣬ĸ磬ʲ壬¾ܰɡҲķ񶨡 
һۣʣԣָ𣿡 
תתи룬ϰֿƨʱ򣬶类ҿİʱ򡭡ȵȵȵȣȻЩͷʱп춷ҹһŷ˾Ȼ᲻ȫ̾ᡣ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ΪҪˡ 
ݸԼҲҪˣȻϻصĽţ̫ˣ΢΢һЦʣ˰ָأ𣿡 
ûΪҲԲܷüͷֿ϶˵ҲҪ 
Ϊʲ᲻Ҫ 
㲻ʵĺԸ¾İ˰ɣȻΪʲҪˣѵֻΪ˶ 
ǳ˵أҲҪ 
⾡̽ζҲй죬ʣ㶵Ȧ˵ʲ᣿ 
ûʲᣬֻǺ̽İء΢Ц˵ 
񾭣ѧ 
㻹ûش𡣡ȥǰ׷ʡ 
ֹ˲иֵĳ˾ֻбؿһ뵽;ûԾ˵Ҫܻȥ¿϶Ĵ𰸣ڳ˱£˱Ƚʹ졣 
ԭ΢ܣų࣬û뵽ųⷴУȵع뿪ˣش̾һ 
ŷϷĿͱƽһڣ춼ûںȣ᲻̫Ƿˡ 
ãҺȡϷһͰѾǰ 
޺Ⱦ£ȴһʣֻڣѪȥģ 
ȥСӰ 
ǶİȫġﵹˮѣЦѪ̫߱ˣϲ˵Ӳһ£ٱ͵ףɣ 
Ϸ΢΢һЦŶо飬˵ 
ʲᾭ顣ߴжȥȣ벻ʹ 
ûʲ˵ģǸСһϴμؿģѲǺ̬ϷЦЦĿ˵˵ؿ˹˵ġ 
һǰۣҪٹf£ϷֵҹҲ㻹ͦġ 
͹ȥ˯ںԼҹĹϵȴԴ٩ 
ϷһƨԱߣЦûû˼ֻǼɶʶѣɶʲᶼСӰϲ 
СӰüͷһԼ¾͹ͷfǵ£һϷJʹ³Ľ϶ 
Ϸ类ˤͷͣյӣȴ˵Ҳֻ㶿 
˯˯һʲỵ鶼ûˣġｫشϣԼÿض˯̺ӣֵȥȰɣԴȥ 
ἱ 
ȥһ׮£𡣡 
£˵ÿ¶ܷСӰûڣѸ׵״һ㷽ҲûС 
˵ĸпʮֲԸҪ뿪ȴϷһסϲСӰ𣿡 
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񾭡һ䣬бۿˣλǴˣЦû뵽أҪҲý赶ɱ˰ɡ 
ĿϷЦһתʣ½𣿡 
һǰۣΪԼԱ̫f磬ҪڣϷֵ㿴񲻴Ҳûǰţ϶к¡ 
Ǽ췢½к£ﰵ鷢Ҳ֪ȷʵƽʹԵҲûŭʹᵽؿȻľ 
ǵ±𳶵ңԼ¾ʹˡȻ˵⣬ȴСӰ³ؿײֶΣ㣺ҳϹϵ׼û£Զһ㡣 
˵ 
԰˵һʱڿǰԼͷֲܸСӰؼֻЦѱؿˣΪؿɱ 
ŶΪʲ᣿ 
ʲʣ㲻Ƕ֪ˡɻһڣϲ˸̫ 
Ϸ纨ٵԴ˲ѣЦҲԣС˲ǡ 
ǡʸڷϣּᶨ˵ǵˡ 
ʵڲʲ 
Ϸ緭´˵ֿڣܺõֵܣҺ˹Ҳʹɨ£վߣ뿪ѸΪҪɱңǲ֮߱ҵĹҲϴˢģܵ䣬뿪ڰũǣĺĽ 
ֵܣΪ˵ֻǱħʹƣȱؿһ˿ǻǿԸǰһʱ˼룬Ͽж 
˵һ󴮾ǴԼȥʥϷҡҡͷһʣǸС 
ﱻЦʣѵ᲻ɱĳˣ 
ûɱ֮ΪĶ󡣡ϷǺЦӻ˻Σֵ㣬ûϣ 
ǵڡϷ⻰ë뵱̬ȲǿӲᶨֶЩ뷨ŻɽĽ 
зɱɵɣ 
ϷһȴЦݣ£ûɣ˵עȻ˵ҿˣϢ 
Ӧúú룬Լڵ¡ 
Ϸ⻰˵Ŀ죬ŸȥҲ 
صԼһˤҹĴ׳գɱҲŻڡ 
ҹϷİϢֵֻҵʳ͡ 
ŸȲĿҪ󣺡ȥȡ 
˻һҹ͵ۣɫʣ𣿡 
ǲУֻǡ 
ˣû˵һתֵҹòã 
áҹҲһھܾ 
Ϊʲᣬ㲻Ͽȥ𣿡ļ̬ˡ 
룬ڡ 
ʲʱ֪ҲˣҾʥܻܲȥһ⣬ΪʲỹҪϣ֪𡭡 
Խ˵Խʧ䣬ҹһѪ߻ͳ 
ﲦ֣ 
ɣû㰢ҹתת΢Ц˵Ϊֻõĵʥ 
ȥġƣӣԼߴϷ硣 
Ӧɰҹ̲סЦҪǵڳץϼڡ 
ϯ䣬ҹϸϸڽĹֹŮжˮ鶯ˣǻͷʳ 
ҹ˵ĵΣ̧עݣ㱻ɱһҲ֡ 
ҹսս̿ĭҾûֻǵ͡ 
֪ 
䵭̬ҹ񾭣Ҵֱʳᣬת΢Ц˵Ӧû˻һֻѱ¹Ȥ 
һĵˮ٩ҹŴ²Դ׾ˣȻгûԼɼ 
ҹߣһۣ˭ûѪߵ£˷һѿˮϷ· 
ֵĻҹȴЦ崺磬ֻӵµ 
ҹҹ׼Ϣȴ֪ϷҪ 
ҹһǣ˼һ΢Ц˵ûӦֱӸؿϲ˸̫ 
ҹ΢΢һЦڵ飬ſһԣЦʣ˵ 
ˣδǿԸı䣬СӰһ԰ɡ 
ֶµҡҡ 
֪Ҫ˵ٸ˵԰ɡ֨֨Ǭӻ 
ҹʱƱ⣬£͸㡣 
ǣҹþϸ˼⣬кܶ粻ռȶнУ³ϯһõӣټͻϮŷԼϷ۷Ѹסȵȡ 
ȻԽб¼ҹ޷ȷʵѹ켣 
ʱиһ䡸δѾϡõߵ㡣 
Ƭ̹ᣬҹͻȻЦǰǰ뵽ˡ 
գʵڲүڵʲᾢ 
˵ĶԣδǿԸıġҹ°Ϳ΢Ц˵ 
ɦɦͷϹǷͷһȦּ֣˼οһ䣺ˡ 
ҶˣͬͬʱͲ鹹硣뷨ҹϻֱӵص㡣 
ĵطǼ٣棬ʵֻһ֮䣬õ˵ġҹֵϷȥʥǽСӰṇֻ̀ҪǶԵģһ㶼Ҫ 
132 
𣿡 
ɣҹ־˵һ£³ϯСӰٱѪɱֻṇ̀ڵĽֻҪѪߺϷͬ·ѣǷ³ϯûСӰ𣬽ȴû䣬ԡ 
СӰһޡ 
û⣬ҹͷЦС춶ˡ 
Ǳؿܲɱ𣿡 
ʵЩദҷǸҵľߣϷ磬ַħ壬ҪֻǸĸҷ˹ֵָ꣬˵ΪҲֻΪ׷Ŀ 
춱ؿҪĸ򵥣Ҫ㰮˵⻰ҹߴδ뿪ϣƽֵΪпָܻƽģֻҪؿֹħ֣ϷǱߣǿ̸Ͳκˡ 
üͷҹ֣ǼֻǽħķҪٺ˺òá 
ڽ࣬ҹ˵ķ´һ˫յ 
ҹ֪ԼˣҪ³ޣҪҲֻǲǻɱУֲ֪Ѿ¶صɱҵ 
㻹ǵ˵һжҺģʵģҪħҪ֪Ҳ֣᲻ľܾ˵׶ɵģҪҪޣ͡ 
ҹҹδ˵ͱһϡ 
ֹҪ³ɱ䣬Լۣɵ˺þãȵľǣÿ˶ҪҴɱͷҵ˰ɡ 
ƲͷֵҪĽʥȥҲܡ 
ת뿪ȴҹھδסͷһգǰ§һŬǣŬŬȥҪɱ 
˽лҹ֪˵ʲᡣ 
֪ʵҺԼ֮ᣬľһֱ뷨Ҳĺ֣˵Ķԣұˣʵ˵ϲҵҾͷˡҹߣ̹˵ֵ̾һЩ뷨᲻ɣʱ䣬һܰЩˡ 
ҹȫ²ϰ仰ֻƵƵͷ 
磬ҹ̹׸֪Ҫȥұؿ̸ƽĿԣﲻ̬ȴҲֹ 
ҹ֪Ĵ٣Ҳٶ˵ǰˡ 
ֻǲϹ㳡λֹŮֵסȥ·ҹһڣԼ 
йǰ֮ҹزĬֱӱԸûȤӣ½Լ 
ŮһЦ֪˵ 
ҹһֻŮվһװӣ˳ԲǱҹֻ֪֪˵ıӰᣬ˫˶ʯָָǴۡ 
ҪңҹſǰͱŮ£Եʣ¿˵ 
˻ŵתҹһƣĭһ㣬̬ħ塣 
ҹ벻ŮеӾҹ鷳·꣬ʱͦģȵҪľ֣ϻֻղĽҲˡ 
ʲ¡һֵֿȱҹ 
࣬β󰮵ġ 
ϻ˵ص㡣һѪ ֶΣҹƤ 
ֻһʾۣŮһֻƺ첣ƿǣ 
˹ 
ҹҪڣ·깴һЦֵ԰ɣ԰㡣 
ͷʲ᣿ҹ߾ƿӣȤĴʡ 
㲻ֻ֪Ҫڽӽʱƿھˣ͹㣬ҵġ 
׳աһ˵ҹ֪⣬Ľ̸ͿڹԺȪķϣҹĿܴӦһ䣬ҪСƿŮʱȴ·ͳҳĻɤ 
࣬֡ 
ҹ 
а취ӽ˹Բԡ 
ҹͷ·ʣϣ 
ԡҹ񶨣ǰڴûϣʹйܹϵҲûҪ 
ϣ 
ûС 
ϣ 
ǡ 
ϣ 
ҡ 
·ظѯҹҡͬͷ˲䣬ҹҧԼ죬ʹãȻѣŭ𣺡ȥģϴ԰ҪɱؿԼȥ 
·ҹҲİȾܡ 
ûԶǶԸ;Ȼ׷ҹһֻͨϿȥ־ȱ 
·Ůڿ׷ԹһɧۿûһΧҹٹزס໰ 
һӣŷԼܾûˣȾȻڽҪͷĶӾˣڻ۵Ľܼһ£ģǱ 
·һ룬һҹգʱܿħצ 
ۿٹǰҷӪҽžȻŲȽһײͰѿˤڵء 
ҹأʹغУûͷҲ֪о׷ǰסլ󺰣 
ȻյĴţҹյķǱܣǰȻǰٶǲԸ˳׸ 
нʮ룬·ǷȻأָָ㣬һץҹͷ˴ӵ 
ҹ̾ȥʱͷϵʹͻȻɣȥҺײһƬʵûٶˤ 
̧һֻ·ϼ֮ңԼǰϤӰļȼָж 
ҹû°ɡ 
ߴ֪ˤץǾŹȲĻþƳվڽϷ磬ȷվءȫʹų 
Ϸ磬ȥ 
Ҫ˽ϣϷѳ佣ӦȥҵĵͷҴ 
һ˵Ҳ֣ҹ뿪ֳ 
133 
۵˿ҴĽ֣ͻȻѴֲ 
Ǻǡּˡ·ϵĻҳüЦʣħʹվıߣ˹ھȻ࣬Ƕħ 
粵ȴʣأ 
ʱҴߵֻħʹ·ͷǣЦˡ 
ʵȣҲֻΪȷϰˡ 
ᵽеħأ֪սڼһƳϷ磬·겻һħԸ 
лǿҡϷһЦԼħ׳ʲ᱾¶Ըħ塣 
Ϊ˱סӣϷӲͷƤ̤ǰһеָէƺݽɫ·꣬ʮĵĶҡ 
ĽһѶ̵ 
ϷϵҲֻаֱ۳üͷŮõʲ֮ԹȴǲӦеòлл 
ȥɡǺһЦӲϼܡ 
ޡȻ̫Ʋˡ·һЦΪսȻȴҲ֣գۼϷǰ˳϶ǻħ 
ľϷ֮·ĵһ 
ʹͳûдͷһֻͣеλ÷״֪֮Լзħͷ᷽ĵ 
ġָǰ·국˵ 
ķħӳ֣Ϸ綷־߰ĳ·꣬еɢ׹âһ̧֣¶ϵĹһƯ׻ߡ 
·һܹŶۿȥϷǰ񵶼⻭ĺ䣬·Ҳڿշ𣬸ϸϸѪ۵ľӡ 
Ϸ״Ŀ࿴ղŵȻ㿪ĵȴ˵ֻ֣ͷһۡ 
Ҳˣζ°ҪעϿա 
Ϸͷһֻ·ӶƤһ䳤ϸЦҲϲõأ࣬㇟ص 
·ϷʱһԵŮҲֻӲʯͷֵ羣ֲ˿էнĳϷűܡ 
ħϷСӰʹֽ֪D̡Щֲס¾͵׸ˣϷȫǷӭ·ϡ 
ۿħֲҪĽʱЩֲͻȻȼʹͬʱһ໥ϡ 
Ϸɵֵ·ؽпϾʱֲ̽ȼء 
һת֪ЩħֲǱ㶨֧ԮжϷ֮ǣԸЦݣֻܿӮޡ 
ŶǾԿ˭һ·ֽսһˣʱ˵ľ롣 
Ϸתתӣֽţͷ΢˿Ц飬³ϸһٽ֣ĹѲ顣 
·ҲٺâϷһӴһ֣׵ɱС 
ϸݷһȫΧϷ֪ܿҲֻάֿˡ 
ǰϷֱֱҲӶ·겻ǰһ棬ʹͬʱϷһԾܿػĵ 
·꽫һϷȴһýżؽһڰշת·֣жѳӴȥ 
·в˵ħ岻춰һӾ֪Ϸеǰҹ֮ز߰Լ㵽ѪǱһתһħ 
Ϸ⵶ȥûգȴѪѵʹֳʹһξ룬ϷԴ鿴еؿڣֻǶ·ħǽһ󶴣Ȼ޸ļȴѸ١ 
·갴˴ۿϷ磬ʵȥҪٷȴͷֻжһ춱ؿ˹Ϣ 
࣬һ㡣·أգۼʧ 
ȥϷ粻ϴԶǰսǰ 
ŮսƲϽ֣˵ŪȽʵֻʱ׵գֽԭأŮǵ۴УƯСմ顣 
Ҹ㶨ˡϷݻ߱ȽϺӦ 
ҿĶӣһͽŮ 
ҼסŮĶ˵׺ݣȴǿܿ 
ϷЦļ磬ħͦġ 
ˣ̬ʱǲɱġ˵ȴǱٵݸֽߣѧ֮Ͷİ֮ɡ 
ϷյĪǴΪһħЦǾллޣһúġ 
Լͬ壿кЦȴҪԼңȴҹææӳ 
ǹϤϢǴӴҹţϽǰˣ 
ﲻԾ 
ҹ˵꣬ѳڣһƣֻӣȫɢˮɫ 
βϵϷҲ𾪡 
ζյĵʳҹһƴԴ״ʲ㶣 
һʱѣ鿴ϵĺɫ鲣һᣬҲſڵŻҹһƣܻҲԾ 
䣬һ׵ˣϢЮǳɫ߳ӣһͷŵ 
ҹ˳ӣصӡ 
ҹʹϰ˯ģϽ 
ۡ״һѳ˯ˡ 
ǰ̽µȵֱϵյָȥе˹ 
134 
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ʲ᣿ΪʲɫģǵĲһҹ޳Ц˼ʱֻԼĺġ 
һǰۣ˳ỺɫͬΪҸħ˵Ҫ 
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ŶҲ˵ղһֱҲޡ 
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ʳʲ᣿֪³ϯǶ֮ˣҹҲʣֻԡʳߡʴȤ 
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ǽħǵüһĶͷ첻̫ԣͻȻѧ 
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Ϊʲᣡؿ붼̬ҹ΢ŭСԴʣҰͳ֪ҪĲȻǣֻҪ㳷ħ𣿡 
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յһֻһϢđ̱ǰﶨһƣ䣬еľɫȺһƬĸܵȫ벻˶ڵѪҺѪоĵ 
ǹɱ¾嶯ͿҪͻȻĿ䣬߿ǰħ 
ͻħǻҹĳϵؿء 
͸߹㣬ħʹҰĺܴģҪ˹ħ壬޷ҪΪСڽսָ˿ͷֵΪħŻħʹĴڣ𡣡 
ҹһƳսеϷħᶨҵ磬Ҫƽʲ᷽ 
³ɣЩ͵ħ֮Կ磬͸Ǹռ䡣ָϿյȿռ˵ 
Ժ𣬿ͦӵġҹͬҲܵİۣϽϣһ뿪ʼ粻ȿռ䡣 
䣬ֻǵȿռԽԽСõ棬ЦаȻỹ硣 
Ƕġҹ죬ԼԹNϣи̬Թŷֳεħ磬ѲǶھͿԸĵġ 

139 
ȿռĴڣЩħʹҲݺӡ 
˵ 
ߣˡ 
ҹŷʣͻȻʧԣ̧ȥ֪ϷǰһħڽͻȻըγɴ۵ĹȦ 
ȹɢѻָħ̬һͷīɫ˿è۰Ϭӽ֣ͼֱֵ۽Ϸ糶᣺ 
ӴѽվڵǰбָϷ磬ϷЦݣ 
಻ʶĻ͹ȥ˵ѱĳ׼Ӧսı 
ӴӴӴޡĿһͻȻͽ 
һˣܵ˫Уһ죬һէ׻ħ 
ˮħǰʱʧٳڵᣬϸֱȥ 
ϢõоһܿĹڿշʹϷħħ 
ݽõ¹սҹڽ࣬ǵĽսֻգۼ䣬죬˭ҹ֪ȴܿ϶ʮħʹ֮һ 
һƳԶ˿ݺϷæɨ͵ħҹǰæʱڿշСӰֹ˶׷ǰʣأûһ 
ھŽָ 
㡭㾹Ȼһˡ 
ʱҹڵҪο˵ֱɱԼַһˡ 
ʲýţԼСӰһתϷӦҹᵣģ˵Ȼȥ 
һ𡣡 
˲ͿڹճҹɿǰŷɫĲʪ͸𣿡 
ҹһҹ̤ʵץססˣûж֣ûʧ 
δ˵꣬ҹͷڴϢ 
ҹɱʲоģ֪϶ܣϽء 
ҰΡԲСӰַԡ 
ȥϷ磬ֻħлɳá 
СӰĳϷȥȴͻȻתָգһֻ 
ɫͷǵˣ 
֪ 
ͻȻץҹϴǸ·˼Ҳˡ 
Щֵֹζҹ᲻ҲĹܣֻϢֻǲûԶȴǱˤǰҹʣва 
еĻ׼ϡһѪˮֻصսС 
ҹģǵսȻңϰҲֻ򼸼ǵӿڣ˶ħ˵ֻƤˣҲȷʵݺǣֻħʹĽɫͷһһ˫۾ԼЦʣˣ 
ҡҡͷ깲ȴ 
ҹֹ׷ʣȴϷͷսֻսУǱ̬ħ·汻˵ܳ廨 
ҹ̾⣬˿õһԣҸ㶨ˡ 
㻹ͦġֵħʬҹͷޡ 
Ȼ˿һЦæħ 
ҹһתÿСӰһǣ̾СӰĶ֡ 
ǾͰɡ˿һͳ㳯·귢һ׵ħ׼ȷػе֡ 
ǹ֣ҹ 
ʹͬʱ·ͻȻǰѵ˿ݸУҹ粽ǰ 
ֽ࣬·һЦ߾ٵһħ 
ħźʱͻȻд̴µĹƫ֣˿ݵļͷ 
ҹתͷߡ 
û¡һ˫ӽ·ꡣ 
侲ҹ·æεϽǰ˵˿ݴء 
ءʹء 
ǲֳϵĺҹʧЦϷСӰԼսֶ˼ġ 
ͬʱڽ·ͻȻʧᴫһ죬һƣŷﱻǽϣ·ǰѶгȥ 
ҹ벻գۼ侹䡣 
Ĺ˵ҽһ̧ײǰˣɵһ죬סµĵС 
ףǿˡ 
ʺѪҺƽϢɱ¾ϸֿʼһƳЧҹЦˡ 
иԼƣһѽأųȥȴ˿գ˼תٳһĿռ乥ڻӵ֮ʱ·ͻȻէ֣ðһӡ 
͵ϮǰȰغáĵ 
·긧ѪؿڣЦһɨΧϷСӰ㻹һȤҽֻֻһ˳ҵСˣ 
ʧﲢûзֻлϢ֪˲ƶİϷʱˣȴͣҹ 
ҹ 
ҹڿշ𣬿ԽԽԶĵ棬JԼ·꣺̬ħ壬ץҸ 
·ϵЦԽӲһ˫Ӷº޵˿ݣһ 
׳գץˡǸģҹҲ³˾ţǵûбЮֵԾš 
·겻ԸʵߴϵµϷ磬ֻýʹë࣬ڴ㣬ǵðҵС˴ 
Ϸˮڶ˫ᣬɦɦͷǰһб 
ϷķӦ֮ǰԼҲŻڿձӵĸоЮҹԶĿһĹܶ಻мڵһૣɫСڿնʶָ¼ٳ·ȥ 
ؿϢ·ԻٶȣʹͬʱɫСҧۣʹ֮²ɿҹ 
һǰŭõȵ죬Ҫ¡ 
˹ʲϵζ 
侲ֳȥ 
ɱڣ·ҲԸսҹϽȥ 
Ҳ׷ϣСӰ״ҲϽϣȥ 
СӰϷһǹɲӿ 
140 
׳ձ̬ħ壬ҷҹһײ·꣬һੲݡ 
ٳͰˡ·¾棬ǿҵѹȸѱϣתϼ׷ͳһǻħ 
һܿǰץסҹҪϻʱҲ·ס䣬ȫֹ˶ 
ᣬͻȻϿˤ䣬βСӰϽסص档 
ģСӰ 
ƯϿյ·꣬ʵڲΪʲᱻһץڵͲţʹ˻Ҳֹˡ 
·ǣһģǰͻȻᵽζԭϻҲ㣬ǵ˹ 
ͬħ·ɽҪսʱؿͻȻ֣ЦҶˣԭǵ˹˹㣬һû֡ 
СӰǿʳĹЦҹﷺųѣȴסӣص档 
ͣ㣬ζ·ϲ˵ 
״ѹ˷ʲᣬСӰƲĶģǰҹſ 
δ˵꣬СӰϽ˿ֻϢͻȻƽ 
Ӧ·ǺЦһӱ㳯СӰ 
СӰɵԲȥգۼ·ѳǰסгħС֣ 
㡭㡭ʲᡭСӰʱҲͬʡ 
ȥģ㲻ֻħ壡ҹ⿪ھϵĹָ 
˭˵ģҲ̲ʥƷħʹ·ǺЦľֵҲһҵʳС 
ħſ 
ҹͬʱ·Ըؽ˷ſȴǳԸɫСֿļ羱ʹֻ֮ա 
СӰĹڵأǰС͵ 
ɫСʱɿǰһջ֣ȥ 
·֮۴ؿڻһѪۡ 
ҪҹȴͻȻֹ¶ֻ·ǿɳ䵱еļָƬҹľӡ 
ҪϸĺҺҹľ£ӿǿҲС 
ץץ˵ĺôء·һƳѪҺ˿ڿЦϼ֮ңţߣұ֤ 
ҹյĵֿȫӾϵָƬҲΪǵĸۣٶȴҹ 
࣬ͱҶ 
ſң׳ձ̬ħ壡 
ѣ·ҲŪų룬Ͻһֻ֣һҹͳͳҲĳ 
ں޲״·ӲУһξ룬ҹҲɣȫ۵Ĺڵء 
ҹϽǰŽ§䣺СԸҲҪ㡭 
侲Ǿ۵ǿȫˣСӰҹΪˣͱһԵľɱס 
ĺһƳһѽץеѳȥ 
СӰӦۿҫ۵ĵֱʱͻȻ˳ȥСӰͷһ֪·ıһʱԼС 
һվѪӶǰ·꣬ЦЦɿٶȳȥ 
ӹһٵСӰעת·꣬ϽҹֳɵȻҶɱҹҹ㡭ء 
·Ź׼ӦսǰһѾסͷֲãָһӲ̽ѡ 
ҵʹ·һӶأfָһħȥվѶѪ״塣 
·갴ѪֹһأԸʧص˽֣ҧҧȴŷȥ 
ۼʧ¶ʧ飬һתµϲõЦݡ 
СӰµҹûԶ͸еᴫһǿҵѹȸУǰ̲סԹǸħ廹ϡȻϲ˶ʱ䡭 
˫ѪӽԼСӰҹȾܣ׷ңٹͱҲˣ 
ʮľ棬ȴʹڿӵĸ죬ʱֻصϷͷͷѻûС̬ĵǰŵͷƽǰӦѱص棬ѹڵء 
˫ֽϰľӣСӰʹҽк 
һͣ¶Ѫ俴 
оϵСַ࣬СӰϽֻǲûֱץסϻء 
ֱԼ£СӰһ˫۾ŵϴþһ 
ĺˣѵ˲䷢ȥԲŷָֹͣȴһģд̽Ϥеޱȿ־壬㵵ĿŻԼɱСӰҲ 
ҪСӰ㵵Ŀɱ˿ֹȴ˵Ķһ룬ЩȺҺСӰϡ 
һɾʹ˼أͷȥ֪ȾѪĵŴܳ 
ֵζѪߣҪʵ 
ѪߡҪ 
ϸѪѸٽгǰСӰ 
𡭡ɱ䣬˫䡣 
СӰѪ߻ҽкдһ˿Ϣɱ˵ĳ嶯ŭɹſڵصԵ˾ˣûһ㡣 
һսĲɿĶֻħͽֽһħ޴һξ룬ҪؿͻȻէֵ֮䡣 
˹ڴʱ֣ܳû£ҹ·ˡ 
𡣡ؿĿһתֵӣЦʣ磬⻹ǻذҹ֮أ 
ֻе˫Ȧ漴ʧعؾһ뿪ֳ 
ҳϡһڣʱѻָָ̬ԶȻıؿ㻹ȥ 
ȥɱ𣿻ȥɱؿݸȥ˿϶ⲻ˺֣ʱܾˣɱ侲˵ͬʱɢѴ뷨һ䣬ʧ 
141 
ѪҺȪˮʪӣվһѣӿٿֵڲԶǰҹԼоû 
µʧҲģԴջ棬Ʒţ۵ģģģǵģдδġ 
ǿﰴҺ˴سҹȥûȴĻס 
԰жҲĴ𰸣İ俴ˣͷ­վڹ½˵ͷ­ǱԼõӲͷ­ 
ũֵ˹͡ľ㵣ѪеıؿĻеĻ꣬İȻҲٺͱƵƵ 
֮ǰԼһһȫˣɱ˲գ۵ײзӣѪ ȵ֣ЦһЦŻѪ̧Ĩȥӿ޸ллǰԼлѪ˽Լ 
ҹַˡһ֪ɡԭҡ 
ҡܸȥˡ 
૶²ԼУһ۵ûˣżһתѪӳһȥ 
ûԶʹκصȥʱֹ¶ȴֲģ߿Ͽյİ졣 
˾ͿԻȥ˰ɣ˾Ϳ԰Щȫ˰ɣЩҲĨ˰ɣˡҲһΪʲҪһΪʲҪһ 
ﻺۣʶƮԶǰͻȻеһĨ¶ȣߴԣǻȥɣذҹ֮ء 
˭ĳöĿ־һɨ⣬ٹܲסǻˮϴӽյ˳ 
ؿǵ£뿪ͬʱֻѪ߱СӰͻȻֻŽݡ 
Ͻϣһݾͱ޵˿ݴܣķĵһۣŵĸϽ 
ϷļѪߴҲΪˡ 
ûã׵ıСӰˣǰ³İһԣˡ 
ѪвȴҲܾĺ⣬Ϸǰʣˣ 
Ҳλ·ƣݸ˵Ǳεİɡ 
һ˵ϷƳһԵѪߣʣҹأ 
֪ 
ĪģŲ³һϷʣأ 
ˡ 
Ƭ̹ᣬûˣȷȥϢ 
Ϸ籧СӰתѪߣ׼ᡣ 
ûһɱѪ˵Ĺ϶ȫӵľ档 
Ҳ˵һҲˡ 
Ѫҵǿ̱ؿľһֱϵֲԾؼؼͷȥЩʪˮ 
дůеЦؿĶſۣСʣҷˡԲԡ 
ڰũ֮ᣬڻɪС֮ᣬ֪³֮ᣬʹʼվ˵ڣﲻԼһ죬죬Ϊˣû裬Ϊʲ಻ˡ¡ 
ھΣؿ϶ԵûУܺá 
Ҫ١ƭˡʹȻ𽥼СԴƣۣ˵ 
ΪħѽΪҵĺ޻Щɱ¾ģ𰸱ؿ˵ڣͷ 
ĳĬŭһѹ£ĳ· 
ľٶñؿ󷢲⣬ɫҰףϻѪҺס֣ʣʲ᣿ 
յصһۣʹȫľٶ 
Ƴ˫Լץ죬ؿ׶ͶϽɿ 
ﴭϢֹĵϣĵĳ·Ƽƽ̹δϵĵֲۣܿƵĵ䣬ġġ 
 
˵ģָǴ˿ 
ؿ֣Цˡ 
شգȴ᲻ſϣڻŷ·ϡϡڡ 
ЩİĻУ￴ʧᣬԼһɱһӍѹڵأ֣Լ 
뼸ǲҲ壬ֻ֪һƬѪԼĹ˳㶵ͬʱǣ𣿡 
ӡԼŭˣ֣ûؿڵʱմԼЦ˵ΪֹˣȥǶˣģһ 
ԭǵðؿһЦְԼǰ˴ֵĺأζͬһط»رˣһġ 
˵ʹҪҲҡͬĵص㣬³ͬĻؿ΢΢һЦҲͬĴ𰸣֮ǰڲС 
ｫֳأĽΪʲ᲻Ըȫˡ 
֪ʲ𡭡 
ؿҡҡͷΪ 
Һ˵ҪңȥһϡԲԡߺòáһˡһߡҪҶ౳ 
֪ⷬ˴ͬϵһ£ؿͷЦʲϵܸһܺãҸԸֻ㡣 
һδεĸףԼһδξܾﾹʱйĲۡ 
쿴ҶûأǲˡؿЦ˵޷ӦƲƲֵţ˵ãǽսˣȵȱֳɱҡ 
ۿһȣϽƲͷȥԸƳĵĶҡ 
ķӦñؿٴʧ䣬˾˯ɣҹǡ 
ﲻӦǻǰĻ棬ﵽƮֵ塣 
㲻֪𣿡 
Ҳ֣ΪʲһҲûУȴܻ 
İȴϤĻñļһƬһƬװŻݾµĴ󴲣֪˻ɪСǴΣԭͺйܹϵ 
ߴڴǴһǰͻȻĺۣ֪µĺۼ 
142 
ӣԵΪһл㡣 
ûҪл䣬һİϣؿںľٶ΢Цˣ 
ǹ¡һһƹȥ 
ϲͺá 
⣬̲סЦ֮ǰͱ൶νˣΪգֲĨҺ˵湻˰ɣûȥ֪а취 
ˡ 
һᶨķȴǴֱؾס취ߣҪƭҡ 
ƭ㣿ƭʲ᣿ָñؿǲ⣬ĨǳǳЦݣü 
죬˵ңڻɪС㻹ˡ 
ؿһ˫۾ɵϴ󣬻˵ڰũ£˵㲻ˡ 
ΪʲǵãΪֻ֪ϵһ£û뵽Щļ䣬ħʧغڵ£Ϸֱñؿ޷⡣ 
ղſʱȫˣӦþǰع˰ɡﹴǣָԴ˵ 
Ȼ㶼ǵˣʲᡣؿƲͷʣĲĲ𣬲ȻҪ⡣ 
̫ˣֻ֪һеʱ㶮ĳȫΣԼˣԼܸҹЩӡ 
ֻһеʱ˶ԼľЩɱ¾ǸԵġ 
ɱͷ类ɢۡȡ 
ؿҪһҹ 
ңҵﲻãȲҹؿĶ뷨˵ٹܲסѹĲʣܻ 
һ֪ҲǽˣΪҪҹҺΡյֵԴ֪ڣֻеģԾĵߣһܸл㡣 
Աؿ˵еɱ󣬽ҧĴ˺þòŻſʵ첻ҲҪлҾ㣬ܶѼҸ㽻˭㲻ħ壬Ҳ࣬ԹҶʩ˭㵱ҪѵҪ 
нڹŰͲӦùҡ 
ؿĿһŭڹŰŲӦңûʾãҾͲҾͲϲ㡭ϲ㣬ǰڴû˵һϲˣ˵Ҹˣ㻹Ϊ𣿡 
ʲڴӦؿֵ֪֪мַҵģûϲҹҳȫǣΪҪĿУûУڣһֻᡢĺԹްɣ˵ҵı֤ţǰ 
ɪСǴҹģҹҪԶǵңЧܺöԲԣĺˣҲˣΪһɱ¾ĸһڻʲָҡؿһ콫ѹ£ظһǣЦʣ𣿡 
￴֮Ͱߡ 
ؿһӻһƣĺ㣬㶼ϲԣмһϲ 
ؿЦգۼ䣬УһپͳԼȥ 
ӣ㵵ĿʵĵУʲᡣ 
ģҲģһҶ¾㡣ؿǿҽ 
־ٵϽץס֡ 
ؿƣ۵ĿϣţӦûٰɣ㣬ֻ̫ġ 
˺þãʼյȲʹ̧ͷһƣ֪޻ϵˮңǺǡñҲģҸ᲻ 
ؿץִ֣ԼĿڣ⡭ʹӵһɱҵʱʹˡֵӡʹҲˡͶְɡҽѡҲˡһ𡭡 
ܲĥжвںߣһգһεȴѵˮ¡ 
㶵ĿɱΪɶɱԣʹ಻ˡԭ򣬻ǻΪۡᡣ 
˿̣Ƿǣң뷨ٲزס᲻£ؿؿҴҴҶԲ㣬㲻ҪٹңҪ㣬ֻһߣһߡ 
һˣؿ̧ۿһ˵֪㣬§˵һһ𡭡㲻Ҫ̫֡ʱ㡭ʱܡóȫҰɡ 
ؿͻȻһϣۣҲڡҸԸ 
ǵϲǲһΪʲ㻹֣Լɸ 
ؿ֣Ҫ 
ľܾﷺۣԱܾߴĮ䣺ҸԸܵģԼܡ 
ﾲضþòʣ𣿡 
õϢеıؿۣŭݵĿ˵أ˵أ㲻ҪҡЩ⣬ҲҲᡭܲˡ 
ΪʲỹҪ֣˲𣬰ѹŰǵˣĲ𡣡 
죡ؿһѹҧгݵĵ˵ҸԸϲܲ 
ｫԼͷܹ֣Ҳǣ뿴С㣬ҿòá 
á£ؿѳ˰СģȴҲſϣҲԸ͡͡ 
Ҫ˵ˣϢ 
ؿӦһҲæϢˮȴܿƴԶþͰ·ʪ 
ıоˣֽ§ĸ 
еСԼҡˣԼˣΪʲ޷ģΪʲϾҲȻĸо 
Ŀռ䣬ȥԽֻԽ壬ԽֻԼ޵ݡ 
һ˵Ѿֻ̫࣬ͬϵһĻʵֻһ̤֮· 
143 
ŷһƬͬҹһ 
ʲ㶡һӣе鱾ͳ輴ȥ 
ҹ·۵Դּ 
˳ȥһɱĿ⣺˷ѴκÿɲҪ㰧̾ģȥ߸ⷶȥʥ 
ƨҹվŭǼһﾹȻɱڰͲðͬ·ޣ俿Ըϵ 
бɱȥû㡣һȻ˵ 
ҹĳǰ˵㵱ǵܵܣأ㾹Ȼܡ 
˵Ҫȥɱǲǡһֵ侲ٻشңǵĻһ仰ұ֤һ 
ҹʱ㶵λá 
˵㲻ˣ˵㱿㲻ϡ٩䣬޷ӦֵҾɱˣҪ뵽˵ʥֻãΪܻ𡣡 
ʥʥõҹյĵ²ĵ߽ķйȫܳˡ 
Ҳ֪õֻ֪ξҪȰʥõ֣ΪϲеڶѪߡ 
һ˵ҹСʣҪɱ 
㲻ϣɱ 
ҡһڿǡ 
΢΢һЦ˵ͷȴǷǳᶨֻ˵̬ȾԲܺӣҹȴ赭д˵һ㣬Ȼܸ 
ҹӦ漴ԣʣؿȥģ 
˭֪֮ĺƽǴǻ 
ҹ죬ĵǣңĶζ 
бۣ̲סһǣҪԹԶһ㣬Ҽ׼ȥ 
ҹȻ֪νġȥʲᣬϽů󴲷 
һƬѣӣۣԼĴ󴲣˶ˮƬǴ 
ؿ 
´ŷһѪѱңҲؿӰѭΨһߵȥԽȥԽк䣬Ҳϡ̸ 
ϸһɤ˵ȿռͻȻʧ϶˸ 
ϻͳƵߺ߶ֵΪԺЩħʹѲ˹ϵ 
ǵû취ǰ硣 
Ӧ⻰һǷÿ֪ǱؿҪŲ˵ʵڲ͵屾ħУΪʲҪ࣬ɱ࣬ߟR 
˵ߟRҲǣ 
⣿ؿķǿЦһϸɤҲΪʲҪ뿪ѸףܲףΨԭ˿첻 
ⷬʱϷ磬֪˵⻰ǲٿطѸ׵ֻħʹ 
о˵ͻȻᣬŮֵ˿ľǲɱ࣬ҪҷѸײɡ 
ԭ˿񡣡δ꣬ͱ˴ϣǱؿһ䣺ҸʱͰ 
δ³Ļ˿̵飬ͻȻһĨӰߴ˵ĳʣ˭ 
һ۾ϳǺ͵ֵֻħÿڣؿľſ 
ؿБħ˵˳ӵ֣ǰȥǰ´ξͲ 
ǡ 
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ҡҡͷ䡣 
Ͳ˰ɡؿһͱϣüͷϽɿҪȥ𣿡 
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ˣûҪȥ 
شñؿԸоϲСʣҿҪ𣿡 
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ҪδѾһ뷵ȴΧɫ 
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΢΢ͷ߲ʱ·֣أ 
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144 
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ؿڣŷԼЩʣ̿ĭֵ㻹Ѿˣ͵˽Լ 
㡣ؿķԣָǰɽ£㿴ֻħ 
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ɢᣬںɽҪԼůӿ˯þƿɺȣоûļ䣬սսʣЩҲɱģ 
ңȻӦ㲻ɱˣЩ˾ؿĿһס֣㣬ɱǡ 
Ŵ죬ﲻţЩ˵ĺĺȫ޷ؿ˵ʵһߣ˵Ǳ̬ҹרһЦܡ 
žˡ 
ƲͷȥģҲûӡԡ 
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䡱Ǻöؿһ 
ѹûҪ񶨵Ĵ𰸣֣ΪʲҪ˵ģ 
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ﲻͬ۵ȴԴʴ򶯣ӵӿǹµįһֻ뱧 
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ͷصˮ֮ᣬؿȼܻͻȻʧԶֱһѺ̺ӳ֣ϣЦţͲˡ 
˵ؿǸӣʣӶȥŰǳԶòã 
ŰǰһЦͷá 
գۼͣأۣؿһףĲ͹ݡ 
ϤĳЯҿĺЦ 
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Ŀཻﲻرܣʣûˣ𣿡 
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һ㿪ʼˣѹĲ⡣ 
ϯ䣬ؿ˸߲ҵľٱҪףף 
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ؿ΢΢һЦŵеƬкĸдҲԴζ 
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ͷӦʣֻ뽫ʱǰˣľɲ䣬ؿͷҲд㣬˵ֻƬ̡ 
뿪Űǣץõɽ֣ȥֵĲɢİũᵽ˻ɪС 
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ﶯɨؿҲæ 
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ˡתԺȥӲûĻ۵ɫܣټһ֣⻨ûرǻɪСʢĻܣβϵıؿʵΪʲʲ˼ 
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ҹŭֻżĴ飬ֻǾ춼˦϶ټˣڣʵԼˣ̬ǰ˸ֻǴѡ 
ཻ˵ֶյ͸¶ԥѶϢҹϢȴþã˵ҹӦҪϰһ˯ 
ﻰδ꣬ҹ˲ѣŭһȭѹ£ˮȭͷŭһһ´ϣ㾹ȻΪ鹹ҷ֣ˣʲᣡʲ䣬ΪʲŶͱˣ 
ﱻĻðǣϢҹҲǡ 
žһҹŭһƣ˫ַᣬֿ֮ʷ´˺˫Űڴβ϶ԵҲӦ 
ҹţŤŤһڣȻ 
ҹϣҧгݵĵ 
ܲҵֺʹﲻηϵļΪְ 
ҹһۣȻԼʲٶĿһݺݵµ 
ߴĿû˿ʹҹסԼֹһԣεδĵ 
ҹˣŤתӣ 
ܣ 
ҹĵһˮҶҲܡ 
µͷ֪ڸȰҷſļĵ档 
ԡ 
ۣɵĿԶãҹƵ޼輵ķ˿ 
󹦸ᣬҹһЦöˣҵС 
Էſ𣿡 
 
һǰۣƲҰ󿴿֪ 
ҲҪҹḲһǣЦҪͺˣһҪʷԵһ̣ҴӮ㡣 
׳գһһѱشϡ 
ҹֽڿ·ҼһȥסŪ 
һ㵣ҹһȥһҧסӲͦ 
ҹﵹһѵʹݷNᣬȫѲ 
ĿһƳҹߣϺӣʱľٶһ˱ǿҿдţɻشϣҹҹͣ 
Խ༱ٵĴϢ̼ҹƬţȵеļˣֲʱ˱Ū 
Ƭ̹ᣬʱʱĶ𶥿Уһ£ҧƲͷҹ߿ҡҡ 
ҹеĶԳ֪ͷڼ߸ǵĴ 
һ⶯£ͷ³һͳͬʱ䣬ҺҹУ£ɿƣ 
۴Ϣҹ򴽣ǰϵıǣЦʣҪ𣿡 
㡭㡭Ȼ 
ؿû𣿡 
ﾪȵŴۣᵽ 
Ϊ֪ұȽ 
ҹﾽƲͷȥڶ 
ҹǣЦʣûΪʲҪƭң 
ƭ㣬˵񡱡ûҲ֪˵϶ʣ֪ûУ 
ΪζŨ 
һ£ˣ𣺡ȥģ㡭Թ 
ǰûУոճˡ 
ҹ 
ǿͷض㣬ҹǺһЦʲᣬҸ㣬ҽѧ 
죬ٽҾҧԾ 
ͲҪม 
׼һ뵽ϻص£˵ʲҲӦͷһͰײٵҲҧԾ 
ͷҧҹ۵Ķͷι׺Ŀ⣬죬ʣȻϴòá 
 
ҹ⿪ϵץ𱻵ӰЦԡȥ 
ſڣҧ档 
ѵ͸ 
ֽ⿪ 
Ҫ 
ȥһͰ߿ 
ҹʹİСȣԹĵһȤûУͶֶš 
ﲻϵ̺ȴͻȻߣյĵһۡ 
ҹ⿪ϵᣬһϽ𣺡ҡȥҩ䡣 
Ѫ׵һڣһԵﳯϴȥ 
ԲҡҲǹġҹ֪ͷĸϽǸϣЦز£ĵݣЦƨ 
ӦԧԡһƬųĬ½У˿ڷҹҲҿֱصϽ͵óһҩҩݣҰҩ 
ЩҩƷǸ޴֮ɵ˿ҩΪʲ 
ҹԶԱںĵ٩ǺЦ 
ʱ޺ǰıиж˵벻Ǳӡ 
ϵ˿ڣҹھΣȴ˭Ҫҷ֣Ҹ㣬һֵĲ֪󼸰ٺˣһǵˣһȿȣܻ֮͵Цˣؾ㣬ֻҪᣬҾͰڴһӡ 
ͷҲָֻ̧С鲼˸֣֪֡ 
ҹһ˵˵Ҳţһ𣬾㲻֪ҵĺã㲻֪Ҷ֣㣬Ҫ̫ҡҡҾ˦㡣 
149 
⻰˵ηηϲˣĿ˦벻Ȼϣðౣء 
˳Ļǻ˺þҲȲط̧һƲŷˮۿתµͬʱҲһǻİƣﱻԩԼһǣʣʲʱ˵Ҫ֡ 
ղ˵ġ 
ŭ֮ǰ˵ÿһ仰϶ĵû˵ͷβ˵ġ 
ǰû˵ֻǽҪϰһ˯ʲҹֱ׳Ŀڽ²ϻʱʧƣȻ˼ 
ȷзֿ뷨ǲˣðѼӶܼԼ֣Լ޷ߣһԼˣܺú˯̾һҵ˼ǣȥȣ¡м첻ܼ棬ԲҪϰһ˯Ҫҵġ 
Ҫ֣ 
ϣ𣿡һǰֵۣǵĻǾ 
ҹ֣ڿΪҩҲ֣㣬Ȼ˵׵ʲᡣ 
֪˵ҵΪҲԣҡƭ㡣˵ƭ뷨ʹҲƭɣǷ 
ҹ̾һΪǸȴϣԶԼߣֵ¶ν 
벻ԼȻѾ޷ĵزֱԸǴģпʱߴƽһҹҲɱؿˡ 
֪ 
˵֪֮ĳֱ仯 
֪ΪʲǲɱˣΪҲ԰ɡ 
ҹһȴ侲ʣˣ 
СӰ˵ġ 
СӰϵĴҹαװ侲˲߽⡣ 
ǰֹǰСӰһȥҹ㶮ˣһ䣬ʣǺϺˣԭˣΪϴΪ㱻ж 
ɬһЦԭижûϴ 
ߣûϴ˵ 
Ϊû·Բȷ 
һҪ̹𡭡ҹĵһۣץ˿ڣǸмᡢΣȻһ𣬾ͱѹ¡ 
Ļҹʵ²ڣ´Σ϶ԭ̾һƳֱԭеĲ乳ҺϣȴѸٽֳأԵľܾ̬ҹв⡣ 
Ұ㻻ҩ 
ˡϽ·˵Ҷ֪ûˣûһ㶼˵ˣҶθᣬǳ˰ԼҲ֪Щʲᡣ 
ҹ㵵Ŀʣ鲻ǶҪܸ𣿡 
ȻңҸʲ̬ȶףǸǹȪԼȫ 
ֻ鹹ҹ˵Сһ룬Ȼһ䣺鹹ꡣ 
ҹһڣʣΪ֪ĸ㶯ҡˣ 
ͷϣȻʷԣȷʵҡ 
ȻԵҲ̬ͬޡ 
һ 
ﲻһ֪ΪʲҪɱ𡣡ҡͷҹΪҪ㣬ؿи 
ң 
ҹϸ˵Σ⣬Ƭ̹ᣬ²λ֣ڱ½ɱǹ˵㡣 
ҡ 
ҹƽ˵ϣЦ㿴Ҳҡ˶Բԡ 
֪黹ķЦҹллңˡ 
ĵлϲҹһͷˮһԣʣʲ᣿ 
ſһ˯ 
Һ㡣 
ҲĻش㰢΢΢һЦһʧẦܶ˸ᡣ 
ȥģ㰲һұĻʧߡҹ˵꣬ͻȻɴۣס˶Բԣڴʲ⣡ 
С벦ַĸ 
ǿҵĲռҹͷ飬ʣʧߣ㲻ڡ 
㽡ǳմȥȣǲͷֿˡѧֽŲȥϣ˯ĵ˵ 
ߣҾ㣬ҪǸҸҹԸɣæιȴͻȻϣȵܽС 
ѵҹĻϲӦƬֵ˫壬жŴϲõ 
ĿΣϽס֣˵һǣ㻹 
밢ˣûС 
ƳЦݣһǣϣҡ 
ɿ뿪䣬ҹһͷˮĶϵķš 
һͻȻĵǺһڣͿȣﲻһۣȴǰĵֱͷ 
Ƭ̹ᣬ۷⣬òһػһЦֳˡ 
Ҳˣ¾棺û²Ҫǰȥ 
Ӧһҹ㡣 
ҹ̯ģϵӵСϻÿ̳Ƶεͼڣէ֮ݷС͵ǣϸŷͷ̵Ĵ 
ڻɪСģȻǺöҲûɣұ֤Զһ޶ҪǲڣͰҰɣ˵Ͳʧˡ 
ûӦ죬ʣϲ 
ϲҹУĻϲֲʱתͷ¡ 
ϸŷνƬϿԼҹЦһͷƣ˲ʣΪʲֻҵ֣ 
150 
Ϊרġָƽüͷ΢Ц˵ 
Ӧ˻ϲ˵ҹǲϲץͷָŪȥж֮ġ 
Ƕ֮ۻˡι 
ҹۻϹָ֮ҿȥҹʹҡʹ֪ԼҪжǲ̤ʵ 
ӷȻʱŪ˰ɡﱻεԶ٣ϽӦʡ 
ҪҰϵӡ 
ۣƲ˶޵ģͻҡ 
ȥģѾҵˣߡҹΨһĶȥ 
ҹﵱˣıлӦľǳԼϸϸ 
Ѹ˯Цȴе⣬ķ˿Լ 
ҹԲҲܸȥˡ 
һ֪ҷ˶صѾû취ԭԼ˵Լûˡ 
Һ£֪ҵײͻϲңѾϲǸˣʱӦҲɡ 
ҺΪʲҪһ֪Ҫ㣬ҾͲϲˣǸһĺܿģˣҡĺϲ㣬ҡ뵱Сȥ죬Ҷһ£ۿȥ 
һ㵽ᣬһһҹңȥҪټҵ 
˵ǹֵˣأҺܸлûҸܸһܶĶԲԣֻϲ㣬ǲһĲһ 
³һı³δ߹һ䣺Ұ㡣 
˯ĸҲҷֻǶĺ 
ıӰйѲУȴ˵ĺ͹ָоǱϲϲ 
գҹӺѣеյȣȴǿյš 
ͻȻǿҵĲУ´ȴűߵ̺ӣһӲԼӴˤȥ 
ҹܲ۵ĸϽ𣬲վȾͿŶˡ 
ְԼŪñѪֱɿǰãпűߵĵЦվȡ 
ҹΣ 
ҹĵֵһۣͷĨ˹췢ͷ˭Ūģ 
ܼˡ˵ֹסЦĵһֵ㲻ҪҼûջ֡ 
㲻ϲ 
ĸ˵ϲҡͷֵͷĵϲĶϲ 
õεҹߴҪȻ˵Ȱ°ס 
Ǻǡ 
ҹЦ˷һ⣬ͷƤ飬ϡ 
ҹԼãһϷᣬ춵Ϸҡ 
һĥӣ䵽㣬ɨˣ˶û٣ϷҴȥȡ 
ڣϷǾ㵣ٿƴζŨһ䣺еء 
ŭһۣѲ㻹ӣ 
Ҳ˼ֻǡ 
ҹʲ᷽ϷӦʱѱϷȥ䣬ǰһƬŷͻأɽԵһ㵵ϷСӰ 
ҹԹѪûиƨá 
䣬ؼԶһԣĵ˶ˣʣµԼ㶨 
ģԭСӰҹһ䡣 
ŽЧʣҴ˹㡣Ҳѹ˵ 
ȥ 
һ䣬һ״嵽Уõ֮ȼ㡣 
Ϣ뿪Ѫأҹ̾һͬʹתħħǰʣָܻ 
Ѫһھߡ 
ӳǿģҹ̾һʣСӰħָ𣿡 
ٿԡ 
鷳㶨ҸϷȥߡ˵JϼܵϷ磬ϿΨһߵȥ 
ҹ̬̫˰ɡԶСӰ˵ 
Ѫ˫Ϭ˵ֱ֮ᣬԼ⣬μһֱҲᣬʱ˿̣ٲ˵ҪŻˣϲ㡣 
ͻĸСӰһ˫۾ֵɴ󼸷֣ᣬСɵǵĴ죬ĵͷͰ͵ĵ㡭㡭ڿʲЦ 
ģӵһ۾ϲˣΪʱϲˣټ֪ˣģڵӶ鲻Ծϲ㡣 
Ըػһӣ㲻ϲҲûϵұ֤κ˺㡣⻰֪ԼľģͷҲ̧Լ֣ȥϷɡ 
 
籧ܾ׼ȴһλԼ 
СӰһ˫СյĽģãٿڣϲ 
⼸Ϊ̬ȣҶˣҲɱ 
ıӰСӰʱյڼսеͦΪ˳֣Ͽȥįģеۣ׷ǰץ½ǣҡҡ 
ˣ 
ѪСӰһףҸϲ𣿡 
СӰľٶĻﶼѪߴ󷢲⡣ 
һνҵ֣ǽСҮһ֡СӰһЦĶӣ˵ڿʼоֹҵΧȴﵽһٷҾϲ㡣

Órյđ  
BY硤 

151 
𣿡ѪϲȴûͿ㲻ϲСӣ 
һ㶼˽ҾøһȽϿ֡СӰ˵⼸ʹҹĵǿǵĹϵδĸ̥ 
˽ң 
СӰҡҡͷЦ˽⣬֪Сռ񱣬ֻƢҲ̫ãʱͦġ 
ѪŸĿ˲£б쿴 
ԣúüͰɡ 
ܿѪҲϽϣģҺܿͻﵽҪһٷ֡ 
ĵСӰϲһЦȴԶ˵Ϸͷһ 
ˣͻȻͷҹ 
ϷĿڣɬһЦͻȻֲõԤС 
ڹ˵Ļ 
ҹ䣬һٷεʾβϡ 
Ӵ£ǽϿΨһļ롣 
ߵһߵҹˣҲ֮ء 
ϷһۣǼ𡣡 
ҹ΢΢һЦǰ׷ߣЦݣѣȵ鷳ص㣬̸ҡ 
Ϸɵʣ𣿡 
ȻҪʲᶼ֪˵вС 
ŶŶǾ͸㴦ޡϷһɵ˵ 
ۿڼ֮ǰҹ٩Ҳֻգ룬Ҳѿڵδߣǰ 
Ϸſҹһ۾ͱƳȥ߸ǰֱסͷ£һɵҹ̾һ 
Ϸǰߣޱ˵⡣ 
޿ޡ飬ĿȡʥϷѵĻ 
ʥ֡ 
һʣϷʱ𲻳طѸҲδ·̹ɭİпʱͷҹʱΧ˿𡣡 
ϬĿͶʵ֡ 
ҹ 
ۣþã˿˵뱣ּĬ 
ĬȥģֲͨҹĲȴǵˣ˳һϷ˳⡣ 
߳ϷʣǰгۣΪʤǰܣ 
ҹѿʱϷѵܡ 
ȷ𰸣ҹһϲҲʣΪʲ¼õȨۣ 
ϷһЦҲ˵Ⱦơ 
ʵȥм߻߲һ޵У߲ñʤһɹҪƶ汸ֳ֣֮˿ƣֻѡһʱĴǣ 
Ϸ籩϶˵ѡ񣬹ҡֳ 
𰸣ҹü̾СӰûȻӰ뷨 
ҹвʱ˻λϣֵ޿ޣ֪˿֮ 
רħĵУֻҪմѪʧȥ 
ϷĿ죬߽ǵͷƬֿ̹˵ҿǱ߻ܣѲԤ˿Լжɡ 
һ·ְǰ 
ķչҹϲüңȻҲĽ 
뿪;УҹһײǡۡˣΪʲΪǰܣ 
ϷСС˵ħĴӮ 
شҹεΪ˵ʹʤɼȻĻ벻뷨˾ȻԼĹǣһҲĿˡ 
ͷСӰѪͷȺҹ״·Ϸ˵ѡһ˽ʥ 
Ϸ糯ҹͶѾҹһƣϽJѪߣȻȥֻԤԼңΣҲֻܱ㡣 
һתѪֻèӣûɡ 
ϻ 
Ÿ䣬ϱСӰһţ棺뱻۷𣿡 
Ѫ߻ӻ֣һ̬ȵϷߣЦȥɡ 
Ǿѡٽǽִǰʥ 
еĵˡҹһһԴʯдɫСӰ¶һĨЦݡ 
ŷǶˣӦǰ˹ĵ˿ԶԼңأֻ࣬ﾹȻе䡣 
ãʧԣȴ΢Ц˵㲻˵ǿ˴һ· 
һ춿ڣΪ˹ 
òΪһȥϲ 
Ȼ类ŭѹֲסһ죬صһȭϣӲʯǽʱһ󶴡 
Ҷ˵ǿʲᡣһۣð̵ıǰ 
죬̽ʵҺûشɣҲҽӦ֪ˡUϵɱĿ⣬ЦȻɱҰɡ 
һѹַŭĽлҧŭʣҹͬ㽫껹 
Ӧòɡ 
ߣ˵һƨϲˮȰ䣬˵Ҳںҹֻ֪ǵҺҹȥʥˣǾͻȥʱ㻹ֹ㲻иңֻǰһѣ㿼 
˵꣬Ǳϣһõ˹вң 
ֲ̧ϲˮǾǡ 
Ҳ˹㿴Ѿˡ 
ΪԸ⣬ҪǲϷ±ڰҹ֮ػز 
δ䣬ͻȻƺһѹϣͷۻһơ 
ҽ֪ҹ 
ǰﲦһѪˮεĵû˳ȫҡ 
ڱ½˵ңһΣҲ𣿡 
Ƴеıˣ²ķǵĻͷ㣬Բ𡭡 
ˣڵ˹ϡĻشõ̹ˣǺεϲøõ֪ľģһ콫§ȥңҵҵ㡣 
152 
 
㲻ܲҪҸ㣬ΪһΣΪڶΣ㲻ܳ˵㲻ܾܾҵԸҲΨһܸǵġ 
ۿһȣϿȥڿʱָϽֱͦ 
㻹˭ҶҪΪʲҪǷǣΪʲһҪһһĭо䲻ʲſ˵ãҽܣǱҹ֪ 
ΪԼǸԸ˻ȥ˾ȻӦˣɿ棬ĲȻѹ³ľЦᣬ㣿 
ޣҪһʣ˵ҪõУ 
ˣҲûʲò˵վԵ˹Ӿ԰ϣӦÿҵ԰ɣϿû꣬û 
˼⣬̲סЦᷳʲᣬɫհɣĻϵ 
ǵûŭԼ޴ΪǺܸлңҪҲν 
ʲҲ֪һЦ类İû˵ͳˣΪǧۿƼҹѶ 
δ꣬һǿɱͬʱţ䣬ûħֳֵ̬ͷȥ 
İϤϢ֪˭һ룬ȷֻ֣ŵűߵĵںԤ±˻߲ڣڵصץϵĵĶƤ 
ƺһѹֵŭ˲䱬ֺһǰ׹ħһˣӲڵ 
ڵأɿǰȴһ𣺡Զһ㡣 
ﲻȰ裬Ͻ𣬽ʱпٷѵİħʹ 
Ȼûʧ 
ϵĵЦݺ˫ĥĴ̶ǵĵŭʢѹ¿Ҫħʣ 
ŵ𣿡õɫ˲࣬ЦˣģǵĿĲͬǸ࣬Ȼɱ㡢㣡 
˵ͬʱץʹתħ 
˵صתֻգ۹򣬾ڵǰһƬ۹âʱֻħȴһأȥ 
Ȱ߰ 
˫ĿᣬŷֵɫҰ׵пǽϣĿк˴ɫԸŭ 
һߣϽ̣ζܶ 
ָ֮꣬ˣ磬Ҫ 
Ҳãҿɲ˵ѡ˺ǺһЦ˵ 
Ĳ£βͷĿȴվϷŮ 
һͷˮ㷢ȥЩˣߣﱻ˫ˮɫӲɱ𣬲ž䣬ֱͣ㵭ˡ 
Ůָţƽʣ֪ͷȥ𣿡 
һڣ֪ҵϷ磬֪ǵ߸Ѹ׵İħʹ˿ֻϸϸɤڰҹ֮ 
ҡͷ˿ʧ˵ 
ｫתսʱһϢɨʣϸһʣ˭Ӯ 
Ķƿ 
˿ջЦݣˮɫķ˿ϲһطѸס 
ﲦЩ˿ҲĽ 
˿򴽣˼Ȧֵ˹ᣬҲӢϧҲܱˣ㵱ҵĳɡ 
˹еϤ˿ѽĻ󣺡޿޵Ĵ硣 
ΪʲҪֵܻɱϷĸпﲻ˼ϡ 
ǳѷѽҲˣֵܷĿɳҵĸ𣬵ǡ˿˼˻ֿڣǲأԽ 
һڣȻʼĩȴһԸ 
֡ 
ħ֣̲סһ䡣 
˿̾һ˫ˮͻȻתị̄˲ʧţӦϸɤĴֳ찢ʲط 
ִԵһЦŶŶʳԡ 
ҪʱһһȻˤűߣˣεĿЦ㰢ԼǱ 
͵ֵİħʹӣߵѪҺֶˣ 
ⲻǷϻȥȥȥԶһ㣬ҳԷ˿ָˡ 
ҲæϢҲǰѣ㲻ܳԣ˾׼ 
ޡΪʲ᣿ 
ǵ˹ˡ 
СʳﰢǸҪһ˵ʪϸƬ 
һץסĳͷֱ߾ȻûԸ 
 
³ľȻ壬Ҳֻ֣һеھϣ᲻ҲΪץĳͷִ¶ɥ 
Ӻ°ͿǣֲʱƬ³ιһ䣺ֲ˹㡣 
ૻǴ˿˵ˣץԼǰ⣺ģ˿ҵȥˣ 
ľٶ͸ղŵĸˣȻɣ˿ֻħ϶˫˸ 
ʹͬʱϢͻȻѹ̧ȥֻᵶڷɶ״Ѿ㵽㡣 
Ӷһ㶨˵׼ӭսđ硣 
ս֣벻ƤƼȴ˵ǵҳԲȥ 
ﰵɿʱͻȻĿ⣬˷ܵ˵ɱ 
ֹһֻķԣʧ 
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ȻÿֲֶΣ̹ףҹµߵ˻ȥٶƼۣԼĿһаȵȻ̣ˣ̾һܼ𡣡 
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ҹԭأȻعҲԶѹˣ˿̵ߣһŭ׷ǰ 
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Ͼͽ˰˳ŭһȭ׳գ 
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ҡ 
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ǺǡǾͻȥɡ 
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ҹѻ˵ܱ꣬ͷףݷ𴩹ڶѨеĸйȫʧ 
ֱио׶Ĵ̹ǵľʹ뵯ȴãк 
ʶǿʹѣůܽϵеҹеģиԼ˹ģƬ 
ϣŲߵζİǵĲüͷŬſȴһƬɫڣס³ĿƿϵȴһҲʹϡ 
ģĸ 
Ǹ׳ձ̬ħɡ 
ѲҹҲֻԹľҪ˵ϼ롣 
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İԹؿѹ⣬˴ѪҺߣҶ 
ʲ˵£ 
졣ĿñؿŭһҧԼĴᣬĿ˵ԣſ 
ʹҹһӾǣƣʹĵشϴڴϢ 
ؿһۣҶ˷ҵʱ䣬УѲùĶ 
ʲᣡ 
ߡͷһͱ㸲Ĵһ˫۵ɵϴ󣬱ؿҲˬҪǿҲ 
ҹʱ֪ǹůԭħ侲ϵĲͺľ棬˻ۣסͷԼƬȥ 
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ҹһŭ𣬱ؿͷҧֵвУҿκ㣬Ҫȥ 
һ˵ҹȫѹԶֽϣָãٰཹ 
ؿһּۣơ 
ħ˵ķ𡣡 
ͶһɱĿ⣬ҹϽܿŭֺۣܣдܽů˸е 
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ϡ 
ҹԼѪ£üĽϣ´ĿϵһͷĿѣ׶ʹվȣûְԼˤˡ 
ǣҵĽźˡһڣƷΪȬϲ 
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ɫǷѣͷϻˮҹв׵ʣû°ɣ 
ؿһץҪ뿪ȴЦһϣòҲɡ 
̫ࡣ 
һص˹õ꣬ؿɤ˻ûãʣµĸ㴦 
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κáؿָҹĻǾ 
ץЦʣǿ󣿡 
ؿŤͷȴץĸϵؼ֣ҧŭ 
ŵͱѹϣһ̧㳯һħ 
һֵֻ࣬Ҳһס 
ͻĹҹɨһȻͷ¹ȴųһ亹 
ιιιò뿪ɡǰĵ 
ŭһۣû۾ȥ·ȥʳﻹࡣ 
ؿһǿϢƾ˵ĽɳȥҺܰϧԼҹκá 
Ƴһ˫յףҹףϽǰס 
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룬ǵ˵ûǸ׳ħ϶Ҫ㣬һȥ˳⡣ 
Ҫǡ 
˹ 
Ϊ㣬벻ھȻˣŭħ֮أ㱣֤ɱǣʱƾʲƾʲΪܰȻ 
ѻʲᡣⷬҹľؿڣѺݺһš 
Ҹȥᶨ˵ 
޳ɡ 
ҹž־ͱؿֱضϴƺһδϵ˿乳ҺʹĲ໰һ쭳 
㶨ϬӴڵϣĵñؿÿЦħɢӦսοֻȰˣһ뿪һû» 
˹ 
û᲻ҹĵᵣĲ׷ȥ 
һڣǰƣò̾Һܵ 
Ǿȥ 
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ҹĿһתָﱻ˲ŵ˿ݣ 
۾һϽǰʣ·ģ 
Ҳ֪ 
涿Լзĵ㻹 
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һߵʳʳﲻԡ 
ҹ޵ίƽĻµȴ˻ȥֻƲмֵ 
˿ݳ嵽һԼСͷĶȫûɱΪһܶණ㿴װ̵ƿӣռħĽħϵСרȡħļ롭 
˿̯Լĵ֮Խ˵ԽԽ˵Խᣬץϵ˵ģңĲ֪ġ 
ҹѵԣĿƷСӰգҪչĵ֮˵ʵмֿš 
˫۾Ҫɳ𣬱˵˿ݱŵ޵Ĳ/ҹеη壬ǰ˿һʣ˵ҪӣΪʲỹǸ׳ħ壿 
͵׺ȣҹ˿ֹס˿رˮ˵Ҫǲɱ˵Ҳ֪Ҫɱ㣬Ĳ֪ҡԲ𡭡 
ǸҹܵˣͷҪԺﶯֵģ 
ͷϣҹ̾ʣĲ֪ģ 
֪Ҹ 
ͬⷡ 
ΪһӸʵ֣ҵĶر𣬾ͰҴˣ 
˿ݺĻ˵˵ҲˣΪСѾ׳յĵز֮ҹڵĴ³ 
ǰ׳𣡡 
˵ĺãİһ䣬һΪơ 
ܴ̫߹Ǹ׳ħ˰ɡ 
ҹΪ˿ȴԼĿӮΪʲҪϷ򡣡 
ҹΣ˿˵ΪԸֽɫҪҶ֡ 
͵ΪҲ֪˿ֱӵĹ˼ɣֵ˵ҵļ뼸ȫˣ֪᲻Ը㡣 
Ǽ룿ҹϸϸ 
Ƿ·õġ˿Ʋ죬һԵţǼ롣 
ҹ΢ѹСѾͷȡ߼һƲ٣ѵ³οĻţؿ£ͺﶼƽ 
ңֽɫϡ 
⽫ߣ˼΢ 
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ҹⲢûеõ𣬷õֻ֣Ĺȥ 
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Ӧǰҹ֮һ磬ȴκħӰѻҲûӰͻԴ˵ص塣 
ؿڽǰأƿװõĴţ۵ǽ̻Ի͵Ĵ䣬ڵƻͨͷڻҰԶ 
·ꡣ̤ǰ᲻ϢڽлѶһĨӰ 
ָƬڱؿϣηķӦ·Ȥؽֳأ侲 
أ 
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˽Ҫ㡣ؿ˷ʱĽ̯ 
˵ҺܼƵġ·΢΢һЦһʾϡ 
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ȣһãȴѰӰΨһɼϵľʳ⡣ 
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ؿھͰѱһ˲Ƭϻ˵Ҹû飬Ҫһ˵ 
·겦ϵĲƬЦʣ֪ʲ𡣡 
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˹һ㶼š 
Ҫ 
С·ˬ죬ȴһԣиǰʳһ֭Ƭݵߡ 
ľٶñؿŭըһҧ棬е䡣 
ɱһڡµУٴνʳϣ԰ɡ 
ؿһۣԶԶȴ·ʧҿǺġ 
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·ְ˿һ鷴˵㰢ַָ࣬ˣȻִ£ѵΪԻܾá 
ҲϴɽȻû֣νҺ㻹ʱ֪ܣðҹ֮ؾҪˣʱһս˹˷ˡ 
˵Ҫ˷ˣ̸㡣 
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ؿһʳӽÿһĴ̣ȥ 
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·Цؿյסϣٵȴͷʹֹסͷһüۣٻصԣ 
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һȥؿҧ´ĳ嶯 
ҹ 
ûˣ³֪ҪʲᣬؿϽ֪ġ 
գգϼڴģ߽۵ľǲѵ飬븧ƽ˫üͷȴһҲʹϣǣǿһЦĵĻû¡ֻǡе㡭ۡ 
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ʹ˰ĵľӣ˿ȴñؿѹҧƳϸ˿ϵˮɫΪʲ㣬ҧŭȻ 
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·꣡ 
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ʹñؿʹȾѹŭȴЦ벻̰ҵ㡣 
˵·Ц˭أζһܰҺ뇟Ӧòܾɡ 
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ɻ·Цĸȣ˵𡣡 
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ͣ˰ɡؿתͷŭˣȫǿתɷŭ 
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շתѣģ߿ܾɫȴǿҲ;֮ʹ𲻶壬ŷָҲʹϡ 
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һֱԼƷʹͬʱԶ˴ſĵЦ˹ܺÿĹһҫˡ 
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ǣܼĹ£ȥԣ˵Щδεħ嶼ȡõʳû˼ûԸֿܴܲλÿòãþΪʳ³ 
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СһóԷޣҿҪιʲᡭ 
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§°ۣΪµĶС 
Ƴҧ˺۵Ĵ꣬ץģĸʹˣ˶ܵķ󺰣ؿؿΪʲ᲻Ҹ˵ˣҪҡҪңΪʲҪҡΪʲᡭ 
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Ĳͨͨйϲһ˵ȴûҵϲϲˡ 
ͻȻԼļٺ𺳣ѪܷĻˣֻо̫ϤǱǰɧ 
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ĻģҲЦҪԸˡҡ 
ʹ˼ӿǿʹᵹȥ 
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巢ʱʧ˺Ȼѣųˤ˻ȥһϵˣҧѪ۵ĴץԼˤ£һŬץ֣ϽԼ͸ 
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⻰ǵܣ״Ѿ㵽㻹ҪԼҪο˻Լǰͷȴãֻ 
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䣬ͻȻһƬâɢȥǰ˹ 
㡭ȥҪϢľġֵҷš 
ֽϲõȾһƬ˵ʲҲ˳⣺Ҵȥҵ 
ҡԼ 
Ҫᴦ 
һءذҹ֮ 
ȥﲻ˼˵һĿԼٵҲҿιԶ 
ؿЦȴˡûءȥˡ硭 
˵ʲᣬﲻ֪ﾾҪϢһĸ 
ڲǰ˵ʱһͣŷֻѾ˯ȥ 
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ϻûϹ߿һڣ˵ 
ÿλãȴһԣһһ 
̺ȴͷһľõˬ᷽Ʋҹ 
ʲᣬҿ˵ġ 
Ҫһ䣬ֱӰѱؿֽϡ 
ӻҪǿҪķϣ籩߷ˡ 
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̾һͷȾˮ뿪ֻǲŻǬˮѲӰ 
뵽ЩҹΪǣұп֮Ҳˣصҹ֮صĵҲջ 
ƽİȫݣҹһڸ 
һֱ˯ĳ˯ƣۺճɣ۲ۣġͻҲŵ졣 
⼸ҹҲûfͣںܾõԴ춶Ŭ˼˼θ飬̨濴ԼˣٲҪﱸʧ硣 
ҹѵڴ߶ǲȴֵһץһ࣬ѹ°ѡ 
ԼˣֿʼҧιԹ̫˰ɣһĶûо˯ôҲˣֻ֪Ǹ˭һ𰢡 
ҹ˼һתԴòΪҴӦ˰ɣҸ㣬˵ĲҲûӦ˶ˡˣϴҺ˵ֻҪͰڴһӡ 
ҹЦĴѰҵߣӻûҵȴ˶󣺡ģоˣξԲŪˡ 
Ƭʵʩɣҹ°ͣYͳ˯ˣĵͷЦ 
ֻһҲ治ȤĵĿϣʼĴͷ˯ãҳܣʲΪԼͬ˰ 
ԶãĶͷĺˣȴ˯ҹϷĿ̺ۣζҧһڡ 
Ҫ˯Ļ֪ȻϿ첻Լҩܣƭӣ˵ƭң֣ƭһѣߣҸ㣬з־Կ 
˵ҧһйޣ⼸ҹһԵûȤͱУ˯еͻȻһյſ 
лҪ˵ȴΪʲڿԼֽϡ 
˦˦ͷԾͷ͵ĿΪʲֱڷϵֱƼᣬҲ˵ͣң 
ϲͰˣ 
ǬǬƵҹˮι 
¼ˮо䲻Ǭɬתתӣſҡ 
ҹشϣһĨЦݣ˵Ҫ˯ġŻأǽŵ죬Ҫ㣬ţѡ컹ס 
ֵ䣬鶯ȴһҷſ 
š̬ҹҲ棬벻ŪĶ羹˵𿪶ˡ 
˵Ŀ϶ﲻٿڣͷҧҹЭߣһԹ 
ķӦֹ˶ʣؿأ 
ι᲻̫ţ˰͵˺ˣҲ㰧һ¡һɻҹֵһοʶûУֻСǵʲᡣ 
ҹǰıͷٵҲ˰ɣ㵽׶ʲˣòΪҲԴףɡ 
ϯͷĿ⣬㲻 
֪Ǹ׳ħŰ Ĳ/ΡҹֱܻԵֵҲУϧǸ׳ħûң˵鹡 
ҹ 
ҽȫ 
Ȼ֪Ӧö 
ҹʱΪŻ᲻ᣬ飬⿪ǰҶһ֪㶯ҡˣϲˡ 
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ĳĬҹæЬʲᣬˡ 
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ǰߵġԲģҹյسι˵ϲҵģʲ˼ҵء 
һʣû°ɡ 
̫ˣ 
ķһ̿סЦǲ㣬Լ˵Ҫ˹ĵ𣿶ĺܵ߸ûп˰οʲְɡ 
ŵһʣҹһ𣿡 
˵˵֪ʡҹ˵ 
ϲһʲо 
׳գʲ⡣ҹԴȻ˵ȻԶһػᷳûкϹ㣬ʱҲһۣõǲ뷨 
ҹ˵⣬ֻЩȫԼĸо 
Ҳ⣬ʣҲ 
ᡣҹֱ϶˵ 
ϲһᣬһǰۡ 
Ҳ׳ûӪĻ⡣ҹնĴϻ⣬ֻֻԼ֪У̤ٲ֪ʲо 
ûǲɵģһɻҹ̾һʣ㵽ʲ᣿ 
ҡµĿ˼˻ŵԼŪһۣ֪һ˯һܵģʱ㱻棬Һ᲻ãʱҵĺʹ 
֪ϲҡѻ˵꣬ҹǰʱ˷ëЦ 
ˣҲ˵ˣɻƺ˴𰸡 
ͷʲᣬ߰ 
Ʋóٶ۵ԴݷһǵͷȣҹЦݣƿӣպȥģֹң˵ϲˣһ㣡 
Ҳ֪Ҳȷ 
ĻشҹˣԴ׳ձǴһġ 
ͷͬȴܰɣǡ 
ͣҹס죬ιΪʲҪ˵Щ챳ѵ뷨Ӧø۰ɡ 
˵Ҳǡ 
ͱҹץĴǷҺཻܶȥġ 
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Ŀ죬ҹΪ֮ᣬ˼һתJʣڲˣ껹ˣ 
˻³Ĵҹ󷭰ۣҲ֪ 
׳գ֪װİҹܶ࣬⽫ۻۺ 
ԴתƵϿӣüʣʲᣬȻֿµʱûңΪʲҵе֣㻹ҵˡ˵Ҳ֣⡭òǵĶźŰɡ 
ҹԽ˵Խҧгݣۿ򷺺ŭ 
ﱻͷͣתʱ룬ԼԼˣش㡣 
룿ʲ룬㲻Ҫϲɡҹܻǵζ³Եľˣȥкϻȥ 
ҹǳԼʱ飬Цݣϲε뿪űߣȴ˦ᶨһҲȥҪ 
 
ҹ㵼ᣬһعѲˣһ׷˳ȥ 
JJ׷ûƼˣȻһȺծµҹҲתᴫһ߰˶Ƚкҹ 
ǵͳŭҹ 
ܣѱס죬תһЦǺǡɡ 
ҳǺ͵˵Ѫߡ 
ҹʥҪʲ᣿СӰ¶޷½˵ 
ϷԵ侲࣬Ȼվһǣȴ³ҹͷƤĻŪˣȥ 
ιรѪȥʱҹŭߣǽ裬͵иǣԼû˭ 
ҪҪ죬л˵ 
ֱ׳̬Ϸ΢Ҫ䣬ֱƴסѪ߻Ծػ֣û 
ЦǹܼëƤСµʱҪȥͷһþȻڴǾȥҵ˼ˣҹѪֱ䡣 
һ̧ʮ߿շţһ˵ķҹ¼磬ҧŭãܺãȫˣģһͽһڼ飬ȫˡ 
ҹʧߵ뿪䣬תŷβϷ絲űߣŭʲᣬԶһ㣡 
Ϸ·ȴļ磺Ⱦưɡ 
ҹͷֲ̧ϵˮ͡ 
Ϸǲ˺޳ܵС͵ǵһμҪǿʶһķϣҪ޺ϼȭ˳ʲһڣб۵˵㡣 
ܴʱϷݷ̫ůҹģǸжĿͷһᣬǺˡ 
ϧҹ֪û뿪˿ݷ˿æʱ顣 
ºԹͨᣬǰҹ֮أԲ˵٣⼸죬ԲѹûϢȥҹ֮أѲ֪ȥˡ 
ǰٰ㶣̽ʹħ졣 
ص磬ҹϰٻصıٴκ񣬽ˮ֮ظûͣĺۼԽǣǰȥɣӦ˹ 
ҲϲζֻҪᵽ⣬ÿҶò˼顭 
˵һȼϣĵȥĹȡ 
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һ뵽֮ȣǬզ˹ȥǡ 
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ƣħӰڱǣԣһƬĹȵף϶⡣ 
𡣡 
ĿϣԼζǶڰΪʲͻȻ뿪˵ĺأǲˣ 
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ļ͵ǵ̸оˣʣԸˣ 
ܣʻѹûʣҲܹ𣿡 
Ȼܺãֻҹ죬ᴦǵ⡣ 
üû࣬˺ûҪҪ컻㣬Ҳܵġ 
Ǽ壬ǲΪʲøϲϵȺš 
ıߣעķħͻȻһͷ֪һֻħ 
ɵɱﲢ죬ڵħϰԺ棬ཻһЦʼڱȵ׵С 
һ˵ȵףЩδεݷӣҫ۹âͷ׵ʹĿ 
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޵Ŀ־壬ʯȸԾĵ⣬Ҹоˡ 
ü˶ѹûζǣ𣿡 
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ŰǰȴĻȥ 
ɵ֪֪ͷĿܰԼǡ 
ԼȥһαԾ¡ 
񾭡ľٶ𾪣ֻڿֻǹҲظߣȴȲʹһڣ㻹ɣ 
ڶģڰ˶ģ˭ȶ˭䡣 
Ĳĸ 
ۿ潫ȴԸоϢﲻò룬ҪʹͻȻһ£оء 
ʲᣬԼˤ 
ϲõڿ˲ʧŭʧ䣬ĨʧϢľʹһοԵǴڶȷʵоˣΪʲ᲻ؿ 
о˰ɣ⡣ 
ļ˼ҡͷᶨ˵⡣ 
ȥɡʧɶõһ붼Ը 
ʹٲԸҲڵתħ뿪ˡ 
ڶ뿪ᣬһһСӰпɽڣ֮ԴϵıˣΪʲҪΪʲỹ硭 
ص˹һ˸ƻط˵ʧ䣬˰˺ʹηܣǿܶ 
ΪʲأΪԼҪˣΪǱԼƼˣΪʲҪĹȣһֱڽ 
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ӻͳһֻԲǰϣ˿ġ 
ֻԼƷϷпһأ 
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ʵϷ˼ҹǣЦΪǶ 
ҴȥϢ 
ŷͱһƿҹվ𣬵Ҫңȥıؿ 
ҹˡǰֱܾԾ˵źҺѣҶ֪ʵˣҪڰũɱˣĻ֣Ҫҳ룬˵һˡ 
ĻӲϻĬȴǵĸЪ˹˵ʲ˼ҰߣǰҽԶһģҽĳһģҪٳ֣𡭡 
˵ߴûæƣ֣̾طϢòã 
ſҹһӣҺϣ˶ʱˡ 
˼ϷҲѣҹ˵䡣 
һعҹ˦֣ҵ²ܣ 
ٺһ㡣ͺҲ²мܲסһתȥ 
ȥģߣȥû뿪ҹŭץƿ 
ϷıӶŭӣֹЦʣ㲻ԤԼʲѵĵ㣬鷳Ļ˵ܲܰ 
Ǿƾʱҹ̾ڴᣬѸ˵벻˵ȫ˳ 
˵Ȼ͵ȡʥĿģȻǣʵ⣻˵ľǰ˹͡˳⻹쵽СӰ͸Ҳȫ 
һʱᣬϷþҲϲҹһߵһӲͷȥײ棬֪ϵر 
˵ԣȴ´ֱҹϷݷξŬ˵ʱͷɴۿǣ˾ܴȵڣһ̾ѹڵϵ˱ط 
գҹӺůģȴӰԴǿ̲ľԾǰյôԼᷢ龹ȻȻʣ˼ĸݷ߳ 
Ѱ˹İԼãֿʼ˼ 
صĳ˼ģģΪʲᣬǴ𰸸 
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ԶӰȻϦദȴԽԽԶ˼ˣҹ̾һ 
ԴƲˣ֪ԼƢûԣǲ֮ˡ 
ڣԼ˾أ뽫껹𣬻ǲȥ 
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ȥģҲҪ¡ҹѵõֱбۣʯʣ˼ 
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ϵӣԼ͵ǿСҹɱģһ𣬲Цݡ 
ˣ˹ӦþָܻɡϷһʡ 
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ӦͷŷҲ޶ȥֱƷ 
û˲ϲᣬ˹ԽԽ˹Ҳܳ 
ֵܲϸòԴװɡ 
̫࣬ҿû˵ϲܲϷüһƣְԼĿڣһЦֻСӰ 
ᵽСӰϷĴЦݣ˫յĿ죬ҧгݵһۣȻҽȵǣ˵ҪǣҪǱǹȥʥҲ 
Ƴ޵Ͻػ⣺㻹û˵꣬Ȼأ 
ûȻˣ֪ȥҹ˵Ҳˣ˵Ҫллǣҽ鷳Ϸһɣ̧ڶ 
СӰҺܱǸ 
ǵǸŷǼ¾ˣʵ˵Һµ֣ҹ˵ħϡ 
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ǰ˺ȫ˵ˣҵڻţ˵ģҺȭҸװԤԼңСӰ 
ڴʯµҹϽס죬²Сĳ 
Ϊճղʱְ֪ˣһ˼⣬ŷ־ؿնߣԶ䡣 
ﵣĳ˶㲻Ƥ֮ʱϷüһЦֵţ˵˵ģʵСӰܻҺܸˣ˵ҲֻƢ˵㣬һЦҲˣҪҲֻܹԼ˭ֽű 
ⷬңʣСӰˣɱ𣿡 
ᡣϷɵĴֵ 
 
Ҹվ˵ǵˣСӰҲƽϣ˵ǳԸʲᡣ 
ʱԣҹȻʧص¶ 
Ҳ֪Ƕ˵˻ʲᶼҪƮüͷϷһӣЦʣͬ 
ݸһЦϣ塣 
ŶϷ繴һĨЦݣʣûϣ𣿡 
Ǻǡˣﲻˡˣϣݳ޵ġ٩˵ȴĿⶢڣϽƲͷȥ 
þҲȲƬȴȼ԰׵˹͡ɱġ 
̹ȴһƬĬԤе졢ȫûУͷһֻԱ΢Цཻſ˵֪ 
֪ 
ҹ˵ġ 
Ϸ󷽸֪ȴˣĴ㵸֡ 
ǵҸ̸֮𡣡ϷйкڰҲǣҲ˵Ǻˣÿ´ӲڣҪս£ɱˡ 
Ц崺磬ҲһЦȦҪΪ˹͡ɣҪʧˣڲ 
ޡһ˻ҵĻҪ𡣡Ϸ󷭰ۣⲻ֪Լ⻹⣬̾ٵܱȥã˵԰ɡ 
 
ҵ˼ǣһ˵£Ҫ֮ǰˡͷѹͣϷߺ߶ֵܣܶ²һܾԴģΪԵ£ڱ˿ǶԵģ棬ҪҪԵԼ 
סķúɡ 
Ϸ繴죬̸ԸƣۣĻ䶼ýč㲻ɱ˹͡ 
ϷüһЦǵ۹ĹЩħ㿴ɱ¾壬˵ħһһĺ֣ǿʵ˹͡Ҹеźɱûô㶮֮ҵ˼Ҳν籾ͶUϧҪˣȻ 
ϷͻȻֹ˼˻ŵľˣͰԼҰɣһʶս 
Ϸ硣ıļڽлҲ֪˵ʲᡣ 
ҺڴĴ𸲡 
ϷͷҲص֣ٸһԾ´ʯΪ˧˳ʱȴҹĴдţһЩԼˣҪֱס롣 
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Զʯᣬҹ֣ۿĵǺˡ 
ɸɸɡʲᣬ͵ˣڻëëšϷƤ񣬺Ŀ 
Ҹж벻áҹץ 
ǲǸˣҿɡ 
û֪ڹȥ 
Ϸ΢ȷҪȥҲǱĿİٴδ֣̹˵Ǿ˿ϧЩҷս 
һٺˣ֮лл㡣ҹץǸл 
Ϸһ죬ʱ²ϻ뾽ʱҹͻȻؿһģжȫʧ٣üһȻ׾Ͱʥ 
G֪һ£費һ£б¾취͵һΡ䣬죬Ϸ粻 
Ϊ͵б¾Ͱغáҹʾºݻͷһת뿪 
ıӰϷ粻ݸԼǻˣʹѪᱯ˻֣ҹ˵鹹 
ȴľԾŻ֮ȪοȰ䣬˵ĿģԼǰǺĴ¾ԣسѵýĵѡ 
ϷһʯˣͷˣͻȻıʲᶼҪ 
ҹռȶƻصʯԣһʯأ׾Ƶʯڣû½ȴˣϣվʯر 
´αߣҺ 
΢΢Цһ㶼֪ˡ 
֪ʲ᣿ 
˹͡԰ũ塭 
ﻰδͱס죬ֻӺݣ֪ܽ 
ÿ֣ͷϡ 
ţ첻̸¸˵ҹǰӻͳԼͳЦ֪ͷʲħ𣿡 
ҡͷҹҲӣħ 
һ䣬ǹѵԼԴŵĿҧʣǱؿ 
ǰ˹ҵġ 
ľʹܻʣΪʲᣬΪʲһҪǡ 
㲻𣿡 
롣ץеͳ˼϶ 
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һ֪Ҷԭ㣬ǲҪ𣬲Ȼһ㡣 
ƿӣԶƼһ 
֮ϣһЦһԤס 
ϧ̽ħϢȻܲǱΣһڵȴɱ֡ 
ʹͬʱȥmԷأҹգƽʣûˣ 
΢Ϣõͷ͵ߣڵϵѶϢĵǸڴߵڰҹ֮أӦǸ˹һ𡣡 
֪ˡ 
ëƽͷđ绹ˣȻһ룬ڵ˿ѱС 
ͦжӵģ͵ȴϽ롣 
ԼģʶࡣҹУˣȥкԡ 
ȷҪȥ 
 
ţǣ̾ȻͱҶһˣһһزȥȥɪС򡣡 
Ҳ̫˰ɡ 
ⲻ⣬ιˣһѵǰȥֶȡͱһ 
ҹ󾪣Ͻµǰȥкˣ 
ƴľʹȼŭһƣ˿˲丯ʴһڣϽԼ 
Ƭ̹ᣬϸõȥŭһۣûǱΣħУڿʼұܡ 
ҹһҿԣֻССϸۣȻֳħ 
ҾûմմѪȽϱաһУ֮ۡ 
Уҹ飬ֵһʧȥ졣 
ûͻزȥ𣿡 
֪ 
Ǿˡ 
ǺǣеҹɵһЦ漴һţҪҲ 
ҹһϹ֣ȫǶˣʱѲϢܺԼ̵˾Ȼᰲ뿪ȴҲûûѣҪһⲻ˵Ŀս 
ϣأѩһƬĶi塣 
̹Ǻŷ̺ܽӽԲ˹ֺǳΪȡů 
ҵ˼壬ɻ˴𰸡 
Ϊʲ⣬᲻ãĲ¡ 
ϲϲ¸ȷݸ飬ǿʩᣬǸ 
ֻȴ󾪣ʲʱϲһΪ֪ĸᣬΪᣬΪⲻᡣ 
һҹ˼ڹŰǾΪµ뷨ڰũظףܾٶȻţܽܣȴûĸоɱԣһֱ˳Ȼķչȥ 
쾹Ȼ֮ǰĴڣݸ黹ÿŷ֡ 
˯գ˫յٶȴѡ 
ཻؿһɻ󣬲Ϊʲû;ͣ£ϵʲᣬ˼ʱߴаŪʹ𣿡 
ؿƮŲŲӣûС 
Ǿͺáﱧֵȵһ˹𡣡 
Ŀܣȴǲľؿһ΢΢ͷ 
ͷ֪ѹˣϽؿһǾҪǣҵøҹ 
Ϊʲ᣿ȴûᵽҹҹΪüͷһΡ 
ˣ︧ƽüǴȴĵĻҹǱһ˵£㲻Ҫ̫ࡣ 
أȻ²Ҫµۣܣٲ߸ȥ 
ȥõģҵһкܶమˣˡǰˣֻ֣ҡ 
⻰ڱؿͬζһʹʩͷѱϣľٶܣһ룬ֱ֯ýҸ˵׼һţȥĶãԶҪĹطȵȴһȥȥҵطӣòã 
ؿҲĵͷϿһΣѳէξʵС 
ȵ˷˹Ѽ磬ǰͷ̽ңҺܿͳҪܵ׼ٶҡ 
ǿŵͷ絷СԴû۷Ҳģ㻹Ƕ֪㻹ںˡ 
Ҳߣһ㡣 
϶ﰲģ΢΢һЦֲ۷õꡣ 
Զؿ¶ηͲǶΪʲڲˣľٶ;ǽܣϲ𡭡ֻǿѡ 
ҡһ㣬Ҳߡ 
õ꣬ƿŵֹס̹ȻҪͷǸ˹Ĳµˣ룬۵˯ˡ 
ܶ˯ģϷţرߣᴥлҹ 
ᴥ޶ԣ˯͸һĨ泶ӣ֪Դ֣ 
Ϊʲ͸ˣ 
ۣٿ״һֻһʱۻ 
ľٶ˯е˳ѣҹգգۣ߿ˮЦ˰ 
һˡ 
173 
þã˯ˡûɻҹ΢΢Цڣʣоˣ 
 
ãߣȥҵ 
ҵʲ᣿ 
ʥǣǳȥк 
ǣҹʹֹԼ 
ҹֹ²ס죬ȱ˵ľңϲ𣿡 
ϲǡ 
Ǿ͹ˡҹһЦ˸߲䡣 
ҹϲЦݺѸٶ̹ףʱǰ˵˿ݣ˵ᶼûˡ 
֣һʣЩ£ 
Ԥһѡ 
һۣлҪ˵һԵҹȴæ߸ϳ̾ҿҪͨһ¡ 
⽨ͬҹȴ˵ǲˣһҪȥк 
һ㵣ҹǰ֣֪ʲᣬȥкɡ 
֪ľƽҹҲе˼飬;زȥԼԸĸϲֻҪԼҲԸȫǡ 
ʱ粻ںС˵״ֻܷȥе棺Ҹѡڸһ°ɡ 
뷨ȴļᶨ￴ͷŵͷűؿһһһ˷̫ʱ䡣 
ǴɹʶһʣҪϷǴ𣿡 
ˣ˵춼˵ˣ˵ֲҪȥǼᡣ 
˵ģһԵĵҲԼɻ󣺡ȥȥкʲ᣿ 
˵㶮Ҿˡ 
ٵιһ䣬Ĳ鲻Ըǰк 
ϢͷȺıؿѹȷõ꣬һ˵ķ϶ܲ⡣ 
𡭡 
ҹ´棬ڶiýʲᣬǰůǡ 
ΪʲᣬûвȥΪʲҪҼΪʲҪΪʲҪ˻Ҫҵ㣬ΪʲҪҡ 
һñؿȻǸˣɶˣԭ㣬Ҳԭ㡭 
ͷͻȻһϣûɵı 
ˣ 
ûСҡҡͷΧɫüʣк 
ǰ 
أ 
һҹӴЦ˭кһкѽ 
ĳ˵пNΣһƲʣǼ̳أ 
ҰɣҲ֪ġ 
йŵǰ֮شˣ˵ʲӡ 
ڿ֪ʲӡҹһתЦӦǸһɡ 
ﱻķԴܣֻܿտôûУ̾һһ 
ҹǺЦĵǵ޴ԻӦ֪̳ġ 
ڵдĻ֮أǵĽ²ȵһͼڣͼϻŤεͼʾ֡ 
Ǽ̳ҹɵĿ 
һָֻۣд˵ϿղеĴƬƣȻң졣 
ӦǡȲɽűߵĿףЦ㿴ⶴԿ׿ףӦ彣İɡ 
𣿡 
ҹӵһ죬ó忴 
ɫҲСײȥϽJסֹ֣ʣȷҪ 
Ȼأ 
۹ʥʧ˵Ը£Ҫ֪ԼľڣҪȥڶʥԱ䣬̾Ҫûʥȥ 
˵Ҫˡ 
ҹ 
ǣҹƿģҲڣûҡ 
л˵ҹ˵֪ϲˣǰɡ 
˻ͷϣǸ⣬ȴ̹˵ȻûҺȷϲڹŰǻڰũϲˡ 
ҲϲҲ𣿡 
޷ϣ֣ϲˣȥкܶమˣûУԡ 
˵ҹ죬翴Ҫԣڰũ֪ûɵĳʹɱ¾ʧ͸ڻɪСټԭ 
ҪǲϲĻ裬ںѹˣǱ翴Լء 
ҹһЦס֣㲻Ҫϲ죬ڸ㣬ֻҪϲңҾܽĴڣأأ˵ҲȻӦáеֵֹģӦòͬ𣿡 
ҹ 
֮ǰ㣬Ϊ̰ģҪֻңԶ֪ĸоʵ˵ұˣΪܳȫңҲܳȫȻϲңͱһ߿ 
ҹ˵ֱ׳ɣᶨ̬²ϻһ۵õڽ̲࣬סǰĶͷɵ 
Һģҹĵ֣ϴʱҾ͸˵Ҫǻزȥһϲ 
ҹ 
ߣһϱǷ̫࣬Ҫϱ̫ŻҾ㣬̫׼ôߣֻ϶ؿѣûˡ 
οһЦ˵ȷòһҲܽܡ 
ӱĻĺ죬Ŭ˵ʡ 
㶣ҹǿŻԴһģ⼸Ҳ˼ҷˣܶ¶Ѿˣ¿Ҳƽˣ˳ͻûжҲõᱻϷɱ 
ͷʱǼϲãǸжĿҹлл 
˵лﲻ֪˵ʲᡣ 
ĵлҹѹ죬һָָԼ죬ллܵ𣿸ʵһжҲҪٽһԵģ治֮ǰá 
һ˵̿סЦ˳ѶͲҪա 
 
ҹģɬһЦ 
Һ񲻻ȥأҲڣֻʣһҲãҪ֪һᶪһ˻ȥɡ 
ҹһץԴģȥ˵Ҫ߿ңͲ׼ϲ 
˵Թƭ˵ģһˣٻи˻ԼҪİ 
˼ˣԹ޾᲻ɣķʸҹ񣺡㵽кʲᣬ˵ǴŰ ң 
˵Ǻѽʲ档ҹЦĲã˵ѽе˿Сס 
174 
˵Ҳ棬һѶСһ徹ܷ׹ԴâֱֱϷƣرɫ׵罻ӣøꡣ 
ɡ˲ҹƿڴĴ 
һڣڱĻΪħҲֻܸꡣ 
ӵİֻۣԶʥԵк棬ǰʣڿʲ᣿ 
Կÿѧ͵ģ˿ȿ½Ĺߣ㿴ϵƣȻһƬʵͷغܶСƣƿƿ֮븺ĦᣬףⳡҲͻȻˣۼˮҲ˵ġ 
ͣ˵ģҹǺһЦٿ 
̧ͷһŷϿվȻһĳڿӣ죺롭ӦһȺѻɹɡ 
˵ĳҹӴЦϲ³Թģ 
ûȥ˰ɡǰĹѹ£ֻϿ㿪ⳡʱꡣ 
úúáҹӻ֣ŬԼֹסЦָյȥ뿴ڶʲᡣ 
һǰۣᶨߵľܾȫ˻ȥҪǲĺģ֪úĶãһץ 
Сĵ㣬˵ĺڶ 
ҹĵˣҲĪȥ 
סĳ嶯Ҫ۷ȴˮȻɢӦеζȴڸǲסǹǿɱʱһĨϤӰͻȻէ֣˹ 
Ԥر˷ɺüԶϤֱֱ£Ϊʲߡ 
 
µͬһʱ䣬ǳԹ޵һ䣬һ룬ʹѡ 
ĺҹ·һȴǰֻҲڸǲסź 
ΪʲҪƭңΪʲҪƭңȻҪߣΪʲỹҪҵ㣬Ҳԭ㡭ΪʲᡭΪʲҾ᲻㣬ɱ㡭 
ûҪߣϲ㣬Ҳߡֱƣֻں˻ߵһδΪʲᣬؽס 
ϲñؿɻȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲᡣ 
㿴ߣŵģҪҲڣ㻹ǵóԷ˯ҪҲڣһûþͰ۾Ϲˡ֪ϵĳˮˮıֽͣƬ׵Ĵꡣ 
ؿӣԼҪĸΣеûϵȥɣһϰߵġղֻһʱƲס㶮ġ 
ҲJסϲң 
ϲϲϲκ˶ϲ 
ڼؿѹֵĴһ뵽ʵִʧ䣺ǵϲԶһԡ 
ûϲ㰢ķԣϲ㣬Ǹһϲǵ֣ܵܵҲڴϲŻеϲ뱧ϲ뱣ϲһϲ 
Һ˵ʱִûЩεЦЦ 
ööϲñؿ־ϲȴԼ˵ҧҧСʣǵܵܵϲ 
ͷʣһϲ 
һϲĵľʹ֣Ϊ֪ˣҲԡ 
㲻ԣ㺦ɱ㣡ȥؿͷһͣεδ¡ 
ҹһƲߣžһ벻쇟ӵζ 
ķӦõЦãʣˣ 
׳գҴӲڵ¡ҹطһ䣬ʱִʧ˵Ҫʱϰߡ 
꣬밲οοѴߺвУǰԹʱٲӰѾҪСˡ 
ҹſ粽ȴסһɣĻȫֻץ־Ȼ͸״ 
£ 
֪ȵȾͺˡ 
һ䲻֪õʣ᲻֪һΣʧʲ⣿ 
Ĳ֪Ӧÿ˰ɡ 
ЦҲ٩һ䣺Ҳûס 
ϣҹֵǸС˵ҿ첻ˡ 
ʲСѣ 
ǲҹĵռСӰ˵ʡ 
̵ص㼸䣬һ㵿Բȥ 
Ҳܰɡ 
ǡһƲǰĶˣʣ֪𣿡 
ڿʲЦҪ֪һ𡣡 
һ˿££ļ磺Ǻαأȥܻ𡣡 
ʲᣬֲ˵˭֪ȥ᲻춷˵ģࡣҹ˵һɣܾİοֵ㲻֪ĺϲһʱǴ￪ģĿ֣֪Ҫ±ؿǰһ߻ȥһû󷽵Ծһ⣬ֻʣһҲãҾҪһҾ㣬ȥࡣ 
Ϊһ𣿡 
ҹЦ֮ǰеģָƿЦ˵ǾޣȻ͸ȥʥ׼ȥɪС򡣡 
֪ǿ̾˳⣬һתӦڼ̳ϵ˿Ȼʧˣʹͬʱһɺɱܡ 
 
ҹľ𣬵תͷһ֪ʥʹʧǱ˶ߣǱɱħѱؿȥ 
175 
ҪһźҹĺȫͣˣڽûؿСС 
˿𰢣˿𰢣רɱħʥ 
׳գﰤ⽣Ҳ˲Ȼƿҹ߳ǰٿҲ첻գۼѽ͵Ϯ𿪡 
һȫں䣬ҹУؿĴ㵣𾪣ŭͷߵȫͣˣ־ǲʹ¡ 
Լ߲𣬶ϣˣΪʲ˻ 
ΪʲᡭΪʲҪɱΪʲᡭò׵õˡ 
ģġһжġ 
һ䣬ˣˣܾЩȡеˣ˵Լӵʧ 
ҹ˼ȫޣ类ͻı㶣ӡֻʣˮˣѹûΧ䡣 
Ψһѵǽսеֻħ类⾰𾪣ʧƣٿڰʳľɫֹĺھҪȾԼűߣһ˸Ͻܿ 
Ҳ󾪣ͣЪս֮ʻͷһȫסɳǰ˼غҹ˵ʲᣡ 
ҹ޷ӦܻJҡΡ 
һعҹŷǰıؿ͸ʧԵҲǡ 
̧ٿ絰ǰ䣬ѵĴص֮ﾡŤΣܾͼϺīڰʳ 
ȥȴо磬о꣬ȻһվǻĵȴҲоϢĻżʣ 
ľ㵣һڣԼʲᡣ 
ʲ᣿ 
ʲᶼûѽֻǲСһֻǲʵѰ 
٣ȫһ뷨 
ֻһ뷨ߵĻڶҹʵֻһ֮䡭ʲ棬ĵطǼ٣ʲǼ٣棬һоͻᶮˡ 
Ϊ磿 
ҹˣ 
Ĵߴһ۱ʥ˵ˣǵûתʧϽģһжġġ 
ڳĴʱˣˣ죬ݵĵݷ𵹷ӰԭʳĺҲʣ类Ŀռ 
Ͱѵ˹Ȼַɳһػս֡ 
⻰ѻھеҹ˼ظϽܻԡ 
³ӦǣؿԺ޸ƣħɢʱĺɫš 
ؿ 
ҹΪʲ᲻ܾ˼һתǰ׮¼СӰĻ˿粻ԼԤ 
ѵֻܳ磬磿 
ȻΪʲһ 
Ҫûֻħ壬ҪǸϿʥ뿪ҪǲкһоͲᷢ 
һתŷֵıһսͬʱĶ־ͻȻʧ 
˹ע⡭ 
֮ڶѳԣе˿ֳؿı£ҹδδǱڵѱס 
û侲ϵѪҺ£ɫ˲䱻ѪȾ죬һˮʱʱѴܽѡ 
׷϶ĵͷһѪȾˣ΢Цֵáֵá 
Ц侲˲߽⣬һ˻źסˡ 
еĶڵȴЦˣǰ˿ċٻӰĿЦ 
ҿδˡ֡ 
ŭݵһۣЦ˵ҡҺ͡˿ħˡˡеԡ 
㣬һ¡꣬սϢǲмؿ塣 
ŻⳡԼϢиճлɳãҪ˹ҲɽĽ 
ͬĻںҲڱؿħɢ֪һжһΣԼΪʲ᲻֮˽ΪʲҪڵõҸʱųȫ͵Ը 
ʹֹסһתƳһѹҹЦЦ³Ĳá 
ҹס̧֣ʼ˵̻ȥ̸Ľ֣㲻 
֪ѲԼƿأǱ¶ˣΪЩʲᡣ 
ˡؿֹȥԼʲ֪𣺡ʹ 
ԼøĿڣҹ֣ҶҶ˼ 
Ǻޣǲģ컻ԼҲˣò׵õҸ־ݣܸԸ 
㶮ͺá 
Ͱʾ㡭ҹͷѹĵͣԼڵϦʱȥ˹һһεǶǳ˼רעԼݡ 
ǻҪһһףһȥ֣ڰũһСħ㲻ġ 
ҹȥǵ硭⡭Ҳġ 
֪ˡҹɵصͷŵ 
СԲ𡭡 
ǲ³һǿŴԴĳ÷ǸҹͷֻҲ⡣ 
һ񲻴ǡҲָ֪оˡˮʹۣգգֵۣһȥǵ硭ġ 
áյľͷҹʶֹ̲ʹľʹѹ󺰵ĳ嶯 
ñؿЦЦ߿һԵĵ 
Ĵ㣬ۿһȣҹȻȥɣѾûˡ 
ҹٿۣǰԼı°ȶԼˣ̹ף棬Ĳһж᲻¿ˣ˼ԷϣҧԼ죬ת߰ɡ 
176 
뿪ؿǰˣЦȻ㱧ǡܲҡ 
Լϣزһ 
ؿ֪ʣʱ䲻࣬Ʈĺϵĺⶼ֤΢΢һЦʣӦᡭһ¡𡭡 
ﲻȴͷ§ĸ 
ȥҡȥǵ硭 
ͷʣʹһգˮǲ£ܲӦҪȴ˼Ľսһŵͷ˵áҴȥ 
㿴ָ𡭡 
 
ؿ΢΢һЦϵָָ˲仯С 
ĿڣﲻŸ죬ϵ 
ϣҫ׽ӵû壬ͷϵˮˮޣҲѹ 
ؿͷļͷҲѹҴһ¡ 
֣Ŀϵĵ㾹Ȼвڽָ˺öζ֪ 
ᡭ֪ñ 
ҲһҪûǣǾͲöȦҪڰũɱˣҿͷϲˣȽϱ 
Ǻǡء˭㡭һֱܾҡ˰ 
˭ºòá 
ԭҡؿԸеЦЦ 
ǰޣֱ񡭡һ̧ϵˮΣ²ϻ 
ؿһɣҲˣյѳ˺Ʈɢ 
ϵ¶һסһֻ֣§źѵƴղ 
ȥҹԲʱͷƳеͬʱȷܲ⣺ؿ 
֪ģħͳֻǰܹ壬ԡȥɣԸҵȥ˵侲ȴʹ޷ĵزҪκΰ취ԸƫƫԼҲȲˡ 
˵ҹʹʣͷҽȥˡ 
ҹȥǰ˵˵ͨ˳ȥһܰĶȥ 
ĵǣȴ⣬ƳϵСʱҹ˷ʱĵԸԣһۣסллʱչˡ 
úãﺣЧһĲУóǧˣҪҲ¡ 
 
ģһȥġ 
ҹˮʵҽȥ 
δ䣬һɳ徢ѽƽУԶ˺;ɫֹסǻᣬ󺰣㱣أأԶҵʦԶҵļ˩ 
һ˺ģ˸еĿҲǣء 
ϧĸͲҹѾҲˡ 
Уҹо弱ƮˮģʶԼԲ֣žܻȥ 
ûп־壬ûвеֻзͷԼͬ뷨 
磡һֻĲɻؿϵˣěǵǰ㿴 
ļõķӦע⣬ǰһƣ֪ϻԵ˾ȻɫâǰһҹľƾնһƷ 
ԳεСěǲȥȴͻȻſ۾ŵȷػСҹ 
ϤĵĽлӡĴ۹âҽԺеҩˮζҹ֪ԼˣתתߵϤףһЦҡˡ 
ſڣúеʹſڣһɧȴֳĻ 
ϡİɤ³ָĻлᵽ 
ҹɳǬɬƵƵļǵĳӣֻǲԴ죬ʹ 
ҶײԴˡěǷסˤ´ߺȥҽ 
ڳ˲䣬ˣԲĲϵ״㣬ϾֵĹӺάҹ۵ĿˣһеļӲˮȼϣƿǰˣþֳֹֿˤߡ 
ͷźԼȻأʱ֮ǰЩԭսľ档 
˼ˣҹ̾ҪûЩҪûбؿ˵ˡ 
ˮҹŻգԼȻʹЧʯͷϲϸ֣ϣܿʱͻȻůԶãһĨˮ⵭ӡ˫С 
Ϥů֪öԷˣϲʱǰͻȻһһѻԡ 
ҹ˵ܷ˳⣬Ϊ侲˸еʹ 
СˣɢˣǲһԶ˱˴ˡ 
ѹˮε£ѱе죬ҧ㣬ѹĲµʱҲˣֻ˫ֶ˺ʧ 
ܲŶʱ䣬еͨҲ𽥼Сǰ˹ˡ 
⻰ʱ̣ؿ΢΢һЦá 
ۿһȣҪת˵ҵġ㡭ᡭҵ塭Ӧûڡÿȫȥ 
˹ 
ؿߴδ뿪ϣŷˣǺһЦͷļ磬ߡɡߡ 
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ʵ³ŵľӣڽϣ֪ͻһۣЦĿˣֶˣҲᶯˡ 
 
סҲˣٹܲסѹֲ𶥵ѹź 

177 
˵һᱣ㣬ΪʲỹҪƿңҽ˹ңΪʲҪкΪʲǲΪʲҪңΪʲҪҴӦѵ£Һ㡭һ㣬Զԭ㡭 
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 
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Ǹ㶵ˣҹĿһͷҰɫ鹹Сѵûоͷ岻һ 

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