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 1 

ᱳܿձȻŮбǳҲǴŲŲΡ
ƶȣһһɾƣ󲿷˻Ըһһơ
ţдװŮŮװŮ˴ͷλ䣬Ϳ֬Ĩ۵ˡ
ƺŮΪϣгƱ»ʷżܲ˽лʺ뵽£̣Ůͻӳ֮ΪĸϺ͸ϡ
ϵĵƻ̫򣬻ʷ֮е£磬ľپɡ
ûзŵĻŮƻŮӳƻӣͬڹŮүүټСɾƹˡ
ƶȣŮձһֽŮз֮ǰŻỳСرעглУŮŮСԼʹŮȣҲֻӣǿѡ
۹ף ڻ̫ Ѧϣ֮һʷ ϣ֮һ̫Ů ʷ  ʷ  t   Ľ壨꣩ ģ¾ ̩ 漣ʷ  ޣ  ͫ¾ 껹ģԺٲ䡣

 2 

һ
䵽Ժʱһ϶ͫǲʲôڶ緹С˯һᣬɵϰߣ״򲻶ֻǷͫ˯Ҳ֪ģһ㶯ѡ
ҵͫá
ƳյļУͫŮӣһηӦץͷĳֱȥ˼ԴȻҵĺܣֻһɱȥӣңȴڿʱ֮Ѹ밲
ū澼үӣʱŬסߵЦ⡣
۹үtϵŮʮ꿪⿤ȥҲǷtռӷ
ֻڵүǱǰѻˣõб·缺ңһ֦ΰһңң׹ģһ׳еİȹϸմīЬӶܵһֻ
ֻǸ߹үһĨᣬһסֱֳӣҿ
ӣұΣֻСүȵϴ
ҡ
ûµģѻᵲӣҰš
ӣҷŷtݣүıõĸԼȼװϻӴ򿪣ϴ£ͷ̷ʱӣһǿסЦ
ǰڹʱƽͨǷtɫдƽƽƽƽΪ˴ҲƽƽϿʱûŮʲôְǿһ»ȨͳƣΪÿ˶ĳtҲܸԳԷ⻧ƽƽĹһ
ǳеģһtʦΪһȢĽ塣˵ڻʹеͻϣֵĵүȴͻȻ俴˱Ȼжɣһ鵱ּͻ顣
䣬ŷϻүǶģһֻһˣǾȢʥĴãʱԵԵΨһе㲻ľּƫ֧ţֻѵûòҲûټƽϡ
ÿ˶ΪԽͯŮͻҸ˭ǸڽĵĳȻǸءײһ꣬Ժͳĳȥ֮ΪĽ֮̾ʱֻڣҹӵݹΪƷĽֱɱԺһѻȻûɴȴǾ̾ˡ
ţӪҲر£ΪԺһѻ˼Ժ⻹ͷһȻ͸棬Ҷ·սˣӶ¥Ӵܵүؼһδ󵨵ķ
ֻûӭүľȻһ壬һǱүȻӹܼӹ󼴱ʹޣһ·ֱֱԭ¡
ʱϷȻֲȥҼԺ˭Ҳܲĺ򡣴֮󾩳ǰʿʼʱ׵㣬ϢԴٶȫֱƹ٣һұ̾ȻдԶһ·ʮ֮С
Ϊʲô
ֻͫͷɢһһ˹´СҪǷt緢
ͫãȫΪ㡣tָָͫߺޡ
Ҫͫáͫü˵ţûֻܲĳƺźǷֵ黨ǲݹʲô¡
㲻԰ٻڵƱǧŪţȴ÷֪ˡt˵ţ¼вóƱûҽ˰ɡ
õˣͫ۾һЦǽ·
ŪƱԷͫ˵ҲѣֻʱϵĽȥң̫
ǵȻtĵ߻ãĽ㲻˵Ҫ˵԰ǲҪƱҲս
СͫЦŵ
ү򼺾½֪飬ȴɫ죬һֵøƵģʦ˾֡
tҲΪ⣬ֻЦ˵԰һɫ˵ǰԽ壬𱻨ǧŴġٻ̨ƣҪǿˣΣ
ȿ˵ɡͫЦŵ
Ҫ˵νǰԽ壬ͫûȤֵطȥһٶԽǴٹ˲֪꣬ԽͳһҲڵĴ۹
tԵʷ϶˵Խʢˣ۾ȫǲɫģӸ޴ķ׵Ķų˵tԵС̫ڻʵԽҲں󹬲żء
tһ˵ͫȤҪúÿνԽˡ
tЦ 궼ʮˣǴŮһʮȢɣʹû۵ģСɾҼǸԼҲá
ֻҪûȢڵԺҾˡСɾ߶ĵģtʮĵʱϾֱӰˡ
ֻͫ̾˿Ҳңֻû۵ġ
û۵Ĳ˳۵˵һȺҲû˹ܡt˵š
ôͫ˵š
ǷܵĽ𣿡tûʲô˼
ͫǵtǰҽʱĸ£˵ҪֱӸָˡ

ͫҲеԣֻķtļҲֻĸôһ˵
ĽĸҲЩ£ֻǱȽ˾ǳɻʮ
Ȼ֮߳ʵһĹҲûʲôҪΪСɾƶһֱһһɾСɾֻūȫԱСɾĺӵԼ
ֻǸĴ̳ӸͲtɾڹָʹŮҲү˻ȥˡ
ƶټǷһͥҲݻؼȥˡ֪ͫʽ㻨ǻ˵㣬ԼûģȻֻƾЩҲԻСɾǻҲǳֻǷtϲϲ飬Ҫŭĸϣǲˡ
߻ãʽĸǰ˵ûĸһġtһ˵š
ͫҲ¶ɫǻʽҪ˺ӣĸϸͲ
ֻҲûʲô˵ȫų֮ˡôĸȫܣͱȽء
t̾˼
ʦ԰νǾǵһ߼ֳ˵һǸ߼Ժֻ԰ĸ߼е㲻ͬһ԰ֶ¥ΪԺһҵΪŮʫĽ֮أÿ³һ˵ǲŮӣ˶ظΪÿʫĴƴ
νİٻھ԰¥ĵĴͳգҲνǺᡣÿʮʱ԰ᶼƳ»ȻͨһϵƱѡ껨ϲ֮ԣټ⼸ٻʱƳʤˣرǰԽϢȸԾ
Ʊ˴ţսͫϰͦȤֵطʲôкī͵ĵطȻҪšǷͫ޵ȴȤȤѰգһ򱻹Ϊ۵أһÿû˹¥Ĵ
tЦǰϵˣľǰҾ˵䣬Լƫϡ
ͫЦҿɲ뱻꼰㡣
˵ھǵļԺϰ嶼ү⣬һѻûʲô⡣ǳıӣԺһɱֻǿľ
һߣֻһһµӭӿ㣬tЦû뵽үˣҿɵ÷ԸԺСĵˡ
ҽðŴġtЦҿ綩ģϰǧҰ
ĸҰϰЦţ漴¶ɫĵǸղԱһš
ϰ壬Ҫšϰ廰δ꣬tɫͶõģѺӶˣŻùϰϰ岻̨
ϰһ£ΪڴүԲһ˸Ͳ⡣ҲӣҲûʲô
ʽҪĸԱߵķͫͻȻ
ϰĿⲻԾÿȥŮҲ󣬣Ӧøճģһ˫ŵĺȴһ˵߹
ϹŮСġ
߻ãʽǶˡtЦŵ
߻һϰٲϴû뵽үҲǴݹ٣ʧӭ ·ͫ΢Ц˵
ϰȻ˿ֻ·ʱȴͫtһûκιְе¾ֻͬĲʵ̫
ʮͫ꣬ų̫֮֮Ů̹֮޲ŸֱԽ˿һʥּɥ˿涨ʳ׷ӣ⻧
լʱͨھ͸˵һֹس꣬ռһ࣬װֱȻʹɣ̫򣬻ϣʷˣֻʹ;Ͷ˿ⷿ
һνǧ谮һҪֻǻ۰СŮҲûʲôؾһֱûιְֻһصλһⰲٰݴ󽫾⣵ֱִ̫Ů
˵ķͣҲùղףǧĴͳһϣֻҪʷһŮڣ;ֲʷߴ֮һһ壬Ůӣ˵ǻʷŮȻֵġ
˵ǵ̫򣬻ʷҲǼ䰮ģ¾ֱ̫ӰŮȥ
Ӵⲻôҡ䳰ȷڿͫʱͣ
ʮµ䣬ɫèۣ۽üɣһɫ£ưʡ
ʹǷͫʱҲ࿴˼ۣưҲûϣǾ֮Сá
ӷͫӦ˵ǰնںܶǾΪ˼⴫˵еӡ
ÿ³һӱض¥¥Ʒ£˾ãڸ̨Ѳμߵʫռ֣Ȼһɨ¡ֻǵ꣬еҰǰʫ屳Сͯ£
һĿʮУĿǹƽҲȾ֮׵ԭ򡣵ȻʱַܵɵģǸʱۼطʫֻ˵߻ĳʣ̳
ɢʫȫռҲԻͬõΪ˲óһķ𾭣ڰʱڱϳû뵽Ȼֻŷ˷ܱһֲ
һӣʹǷͫҲȷʵаʱ
ԱվŵһλŮӣͷt൱ֻǿͫʱüͷҲ
ͫҲмЦû뵽ײôɡϵճܣʷȴǳͷΪһǰʱϾԣǵؽѡľҳһ㽨ĵء
ì̴˿ʼ˾ֵʹ̫еģԶ׼Ưɣ峤˷ݴȥ
ͫˣղȡЦtǾڶߣЦ˼δүȻҲֵطȻǺüҽ̺ŷ硣
۹翪ţ࣬δүַֻ֮أʹŽ㣬ҲʮǷ׵
ɫ䣬Цɻû涨Ӳزɼ
ֻͫЦĳ˵ҲͦˣдֳС̿Ҳӣȫ¡
ϳŮ濪ˣȻҲˡ
˵ǰԽǳҲմ֡ͫЦš
һֱԱûҿķtյسԲҪʼˣȽȥɡ
ͫͷЦʹ˱
˵žʹ˱̧Ҫ·ȻҪľȻͬһϰ嵱亹ֱͫȴֻǿ㡣
ɫè
û˵һ룬סСܣֻЦͫү롣
ͫЦĽȥ

 3 

tŲһеһ壬ŷСү̶һ㶼ȻӻŮͣ˵ǰڻӻŮҪСүǣҲֻзܸͫһˡ
ͫҲãֲСӣ˶ûȥףǸֵطܣ˭ȢȥкŮŮڱ֣δү̻أ˲ҲѡȺãٴĲҲ˲ˡ
ҵ˵峤㡣tɢСϢͫǾڸھǸ¥ԺϢԴȷͫˡ
㣿ͫһ£һŵٸߵҲǻʼˣǸûкѡ
ҵ߻ãÿһԼt
ͫǺһµʽ㲻ҪҺòãСүҿܲ𡣡
ÿǹϵľ֮һҲֱĲȻ緽˵㣬ѵһġt˵ţȻʱҲе㿴ã˹ʵ
ͫȴֻҡͷ˰ɣһӹһˡҪеһеҲ̫þͻš
ֲͫ䣺˳ıһƯ
Ǽʡt¶ۡ
ֻǾ÷ҪȥϲŮ˻Ưˣ治ֱҸŮˡͫ˵Լʵ뷨һ㶼ϲеĽӣʼ͵ָӸ߸ߵģ˹Ķֲʧ֡еӣȫѱȫð
tԣֻ̾ǿǰԽҲˡ
һɫɴ̨趯ţɫ۾ڵƹԣԳ֮Ϊ޵׹ȫ˵ĻꡣҲǳݣִһšƯƯʹ˲ðķͫòһ㡣
ɡtС˵š
׿ͫš
ҪҪ֣tʵ
ͫͣһ²ŵ˵
Ҫ죬ľɫеġt˵š
ֻͫЦ
ٽҹʱ֣գٽҲǱȽϴͳľ˭ǮͿ԰̨λ绪ɴ
ۣһƬмڶ
ͫȴͻȻȻǴģӦˡǰ壬Ҫʶģ潼
ȻֻۡtЦ
ͫͷҲǣ˾ɫǵˡ
治֣
ٵȵȡͫ˵ţ˱һڲ衣
ֻǷͫ߻䣬Աﴫһõǧ
ֱۡͫ衣
м۵ĲǱˣСáһֱͫùţΪҲǰԵʮ㣬ؾҵ׹󣬾ı˻ҲҪ˼̡ǸҹȻ̻֮ظŮˣ治һĴ
͡t˵̾ʲôֵСү֮ͨţһ죬ҲѼޡ
ֻͫؿ˳˳
ȻһгٻٳȻδ󣬵ǹʶ˷ǳ֮ࡣҲΪϳ˶ˣٽм۵Ҳûˡ޹ҵļСжȫ˾ȡ
ֻǿϰ壬վм̨Ͻѣһһ˸ӦϵĹ鴦Ҳˡǧ³ҹȨǱʲСĿҪô˴󵨵ĹδСү֪˻ð԰ˡ
˳ֻ֮СõҪûٽмۣҾʹˡ
ηͫ趼粻tиղŵľȵڵ𺶣ĵ̫ͣǾʦһǿˡ
һ־ͫһҲĲ࣬ڸǾˮˮȻ䳰ȷǵζСˣƤӶؾһصĽӮˣҸ֪ʹҳŮҲѸŮһ¡ĸĸоˡ
ڸ˼죬ͫҪҪˬ֮ʱǽߣȥ֮ġȴϽ÷ֱͫ̾Ϊһ£¡ʮ꿪ʼ¾ͱᵽһŻһ÷ͫͷˡǲȢֻٵȵȣȾƸһЩ
ƻͽ̷װϳʱ̫ͫѨһֵ˵ʡt˵ģֻҪŵԾͿˣϲĴչСɾֻŵʵ̫ѡ
֪ĸ϶ǽõʲô㣬ϳҲпԣȫܣ䵱ʷǴŷʱᵹǼǲܵ飬ŷʷҵĸڴ۹
ĸȴƵȨߵ㣬һ߱ķ⻧ֱ̫ŮȨޡĿŵս̫ŮȨ⻹Ůķ⻧ҲԶ˵ճŮ˵ƽչʾһĳ谮
ȻĸİǵģԵǵĸϼ¾ʹڸȥʮ꣬סĳһ缴ÿĸϻضȥСһᡣ²˳鷳ʱһһ硣
ֻӵɽʮĸҲϲҪֿġƵȨĶ㣬һµۼλ³ͻǳңǵϵλ㰲ҪȨĽ𳡣£Ǳеı룬£÷̡
ʱԶڱ߹صĽдţĻشǵȴȻҲȣֻǻ̫򼱣ʷ
˹žͼȰйڵȻǻ̫ټʵһֱͫҲ׼Ļ̫˼ʲôڽķͻ̫Ǹ˵ģҲܴһԭڽ̫Ĺϵ
ѡϣĵһλָ̫Ļ飬֮һлϣԹҫļ塣ֻ缺䣬˶ǵ˵Ϲ֮⣬ĸһ´
ŵ˴Ȱû뵽ͦȫĻ̫򣬻ϣٴλʷ;һλȻ̫Ů÷ͫССľһ¡
ǳŮͫŮ죬ýû˵ʲôͼΪ̫Ůʮ÷Ե֮мֻ̡ƾ˵ǸŮȻ߸ŮŮ
ͬһ仰޶£һʸ绪࣬ʣһһˡ
ͫǰʰԪʵЦ
ͫЦŵԪʵ£Ԫʵ§ЦҲͲ֪Լ
֪ĸ̫ûҹĸϷġͫЦŴ
㰡ԪʵЦţݴһͷ鷳Ҿ͸ˡ
ﰡŮԴӽԺһֱʵڼͫ˵ţͽķͷ̫Ҫٲ鷳ġ
ԪʵЦţȴָһӻô춼Ҫһ
ͫЦŵСƵԪʵ۵·ĸϣĲȢ򡣡
̫Ц⺢ǣһŮʮ궼㵽һ˶ûСúӣһԺٿ˭̫飬һ⡣
ͫļʽҲ֪ӹһ治ףֻߵߵЩʲôˣܽܡ
ʷӻЦҸ̫;ϸѡģòƷмһһĺá
ͫЦֳһȴһ¡ȻʱȽʧ棬еԷͫθڡһżʵףüбһ˫ʮ㣬һ£Ӣ
ļҹӣͫԾŻʡ
ֻû뵽ͫһʣλˣʷе̽Цʣͫˣ
ҾóĺáͫЦ
̫ǽǽĺӵĻ񡣡
ͫˣŴͿָ̫̫ǸǴ۹һĽ
Ȼ¼еڶ̫Цŵ
ǡͫŴ˵Ҫǳ˼飬ҲǴ½ϳ֮һʹ۹꣬ϵڲ̲׵״ֻ̬ͻȻ׾ʵ̫˼飬ҪǴ۹ͽ̫ԶҲָ·½ˮ·
ӴϵĺҲҪʱܵ˸̾·̣е㽻㲻ͻȻʵȫûҪ治˼顣
ԪʵҲе㾪ȴȷʵǳĺסȻ֪ʲô˱Ҳ̣ˮ·ôҲս·˼ˣǾҪӦӦΪʧͣӹԴûʧ
ͫգգ۵ĸϵ˼ҡף
˼ͳӣӭȢҪǻϸãʹҲҪ߸ɥԼδɻ顣
ԪʵȴЦ˵Լ

 4 

ͫһ̫ƹȥԪʵһ˻ʵֱͫĸָ鲢Ц̽̽ĸ϶ǽõ뷨
ͫһ·»Ҫȿʲôѡˡ
ԪʵЦֻܿ
ͫȴٿֻǿ̫̫ͫ
̫ЦȴߵĵйóҺͻʷ˰죬Ҫ˵ѡһʡ
ͫе㾪ȵĽӹֻȴ򿪵һŵʱ۾гһһµⲻСү𣿡û⣬ǻʷֶʷʲô⣿£ͽᣬ˫գ
ʶԪʵ۵м⡣
ͫе㲻֪ôشĸϴܾǰȻ֪缺Զ칫Ȼ¥֮ҾͨȨƣƸ׵ĶСͣһ²ŵСô᲻֪
ͫ˵ŰѱѻԱһҲе㾪ȣȻֶ̫ѦľǴ֮һɣƺԽȴϲ˵ʮ׵˾ͲѦż
˳ΣļǣֻͫǿҲľѡһҪôѡĺá
ϺѦ϶Ǵ壬ǹ֮󣬿˵⼸ʷѡضҡֻЩǣ䵱ʷʽ֮ӵܵĹλԽԽߡ
ֻͻȻϰԼճӼ޸е˵ͨҪ˵£õ̫Ůͻǲɵ͵ġ˵Ҵ˫գ˭˭Ӯһҡ
ѦȻĿǰ˵ϣҪԼԼȢѦһֻȢԷʹȷ޻ͷ֮·
˼ţͫɨղǷͻȻԪʵۣĸϣҪҲͬף˭ȥͣ
ԪʵۿЦ㻹ϲ
ͫôһ㡣
Ԫʵе㾪ȣͫʣˣʲô
ش̫Ůһ˫Ŀͫӣ
ͫеףʵֻĻش֪ʲô̶ˣһֲֵһ󣬶λӣȴŶûУֱֻơ
Ҳ֣ͳĴûгõĻӣıϵҲöˡ
ĸϣղŻû˵˭ȥأͫٴ׷Ԫʵۡ
ĳŮͩʮģּԪʵ˵ţȻҲзȻ̫ŮĳŮⳤŮ̫ŮֻǸ̶ӭȢһҲˡ
ͫеϲϣѻϸţĵĸϣ׵ܲٿǿǣĺ᲻á
һ᲻˶ЦԪʵֻҡͷ̾Ц⺢Ҳǡ
ֻͫЦŰѻš
һЦţͼ̫йй߹ɹŹݼ̫򡣡
һ˵̫һ漴Ц⺢ĵɣǽ
ɹѦε򣬻ֶ̫һƷһĹӦþղſĻֶ̫Ѧ
ѦһǰһʫϣȻͬǾӣҲţλѦӵĳСүǲˡֻΪһ͵ȵѦլſһ׾Ǽʱ
ͫ;ǰһһ£ϸۣɫӣȻףɫֻκΡ
һȴ÷ͫģ˵ʲôоԿ϶һҪǳ߹󣬼屣ǿ֪ᱻٹֱȥ
Ȼֻʷ򿪿޵һʱ䲻⺢Խˡ
ɹȴǲ˼ͲǺڽӦ꣬ҲֻҪŶӹ̫밲
̫Ѧֵñúÿ
ѦǰֻɫȻһƬȻ̫ԼҳѦܷͫö໰ҳźá
˹ȻıýΪ÷ͫһ̫ΪʲôһҪȢѦˣҪֽ̫֧㵱̫ŮָʱΪʲôҪָ
һδ꣬һ˫ɫӼͫĿ÷ֱͫȥĸоֻ˰ѵһŮӣȻҲǷʲ
ͫе£ͫҲ֪Щһֱˣԭ㡣ʮʮ⽫ʮ󽫾ʮ󽫾Ƿ޿ɷ⡣һ𾩳ǣÿΰʦسʱֻǰԷжӻӭŵ⼸
ͣһ·ͫЦû뵽Ѧͽ㣬Ƚٰʦسһʶ
ллѦɫ˵š
ֵĶԻ÷ͫͻȻһͷҪȢѦԼȢáӦòܣȻ̫ͲֱѡһˣѦҺңֻѡһ
Ѧ䣬ԪʵȴԾɨһۣԱ;Ԫʵ۵飬ȴͻȻЦѵý˧֮ţһǵõлȥʱֻ׵ľͰ̫ż̤ء
̫ҲЦĿģ֮鳬κһŮ
ֻǳѦͻȻж޵ѡ
ֱԵĽȻ۹翪ţԼ٣ˡɹִٲͫĵҲЦɥ꣬һֱһˣҪڵеŹ֣һظѦ֤ԼһԼ䡣
̫Ҳ̾סѦֵǺúӡ
ֻͫǿҪ˹Ȼ˵ֻԼһҪ˵ŸҲ𡣶ѦȻܱ̫úӣƺܴһԭѦĽĶǽ㡣
ͫʱŻģȻȫģǽšں׵ĸǿǣҲ֪ǲãƽȷʵܸȤ
һȺ˳ԷͻȢҲû̫Ȼһ󲿷ԭѦĻ̫ʶҲѦ޸ãѦǳ⣬߽ǸиˣҪֱӣνȫ
ظһ¾Ƿɸ봫鵽߹ȥھƴ˵һ£оùķѡҪô졣
ڸԼ죬ͫȥңһҪĸŮһԱ߹ĵšӣҡѡƻӣͫһֽеĺãˮ
ĸŮͬӣҡެǽ͵ģƻĸϸģ÷ǳԡ䣬԰Ŵ顣
үڽϿһУɬۡƻˮ˵š
ȷͫھӵǵϢүҲһܲ
һûϢġӣҲ񼸱ûƵģϴϢȻֱ¥˵ȥү
ιιǡ
ֻͫǿǼﷴ̾ǲ̫ˣ
Ȼˡĸȫͬ
ͫϴηt˵ģȷʵҪСɾʮʱСɾǻʷŵģû̫ĸҽҷһһ̫ûҲˡﻹʲôɫģӶ˶Ҫ̲
ΡΣȴְݴٻ󣬻ìܡ
ðɣҪǾ̫ˣڷ⻧ЩΪģģִ֪ͫ˵ţУ⻧ЩȫΪģֲǱҪġ
ǡĸŮĽš
Ӧ꣬ĸŮʼôжͫҲഺʱɫ翪ŵĴʱӶ֡
˵ҸҸʲôСɾͫͻȻڡ
ĸŮһ£ӣͻȻЦүģҺˣضүĿ
ͫ˵ʵûôˡ
үģǻõĹ׸
ͫǲҪ͵ĺá
ֻĸŮ̻û꣬Զt߻ã߻á
ͫһ£ȻƽΪܵѹȷtҲܹھԲͬƻͽӭͣһṦֻtͷ󺹵ܹ߻ãһҪæ
ʽ㣬ôˣ˵ͫţķt
ƻѸֽٰtҲŸtһױݡ
ҳ£Ҽˣڶtһ˵š
ңͫĪ
֮һīҲġtѡ
ޣͫʱԭңŵܣĲ߲Ʒī֮ȷʵǼʶһסҹ衷龩ǣųƹƪǰ
Ҳ֪ټҪټˣܲ취Ūtмֿ
סͫӦׯССһӶײԸƻȥһˣҵȥ
ǡƻ
tȴҷıƻһȥ¡
ı棿ͫȣһŵܣҹٲƷıʲô档
Ҳ֪ӦǱ˽𡣡t˵ţǰѦŮѦׯҪպīСɾҾܾûúҾͳ¡
ͫеףƻϽĸ˵ׯҹӺīҿɾģĸּˡ㵽̫˵ī翴ģ̫ͻ顣
Сɾ֮飬ѦĿɽǻֻ̫ҪӦˣѦôҲˡ
ǡƻͽӦš
ֵͫӣңެѸŵһˣҲ˸

 5 

ͫīںīġҹ衷ãͫ˺ī٣һʱ¥ȹ
ʮ£һϮ£ɫԶţ˵ʱ룬ֻϧһԼģȻһλ¹Ȣؼҡ
ϳͫеû뵽ſھȻ֣һųš߻δȥĳӵĽкϸһһŮ
ȻСүзõ˶ŹŮߵ
Һʲô£ѦҲ̫ŭĴ˵š
⻰ǻСүʡŮЦţֵҽֻǴߡ
ѦС˭ߣͫһЦ߹ȥѦ硣
ͫĵúѦ綼һ£ͫЦֵ̫ǰ˵СɾϲΪ顣
һ仰úѦ綼ͫȴǣֱӷԸڽﲻҶͷׯӴӣҲһȥ
ͷ̶һСۿǰˣȵСӣֻǻδȥˣѦСˡĿǰӦΥȥˡ
ýɫè侮ʯʵڲǾΪ
侮ʯͫЦСΪʲô
ҺͺīǶѣȻҪȡҧ˵š
⵹пܣͫмţֻСôҲܶĹѦҳŮЦҲǰηȻǡ
ͣһ£ͫЦֵڸղҼŮּҲöλܺȵϲˡ
㡭λѦҧ
ʵҪǰׯүСɾףû뵽ֻž͵ȵĴݱ벻̾öѡͫǸ̾˵š
һ仰Ѧˣֻȴû취ȫǶ֪ڷͫܳ赽ժ£֮һҳŮõĵضӲ˹˵һҪټ˵ķˡֻ벻׵ǣͫʲôʱҲʼīˡ
һṦֻͷ˹һ£ͷ缺ɢңҲۼʹˣ˫ɫȻԵ򶨶Զ
ӡͫЦţ£һͷû뵽īܿ
ڨڨİջأֻͫЦŷԸӣҵ̷ϳ
ӣȻףīӣ롭֮ףʹ㲻ߣҲа취ߡ
īſͫһ˫ɫȻȴһԹͫȻ΢ЦԶԡֻǺīߣȴץס첲еīèǲᡣ
ͫе鴤˵ڱȡûκ벻Ҫǰݵ飬һƺҲͦ۵ġͫҲֻĿ֣ŸСͶϵĲͲҪСɾ⡣
ɫѿͫҧҲֻۻ֮˲Ż룬˽ǸͲᶮ
ֻͫźĿû취ˡΪѹˡ
ӲźīųѦԱ߿ֱҧȴûǰˡ˳ϷͫʣЩû̫ΪѺӰɡ
īĬȻһŵлġ
Ȼһ׷ʲô£ӵļһᾡܱȫͫ˵ţּıʵе㲻˼飬ȻӹʰַǳȷʵͺīĲڼȻлһѣҲ֡
صȥƻͽӻûǷtȻżڴȥͫеˣtͺīķǳ϶ģסҹ衷Լе㲻̫Ծˡ
ȻtͫźīŴɿǻˡ
үītˡ
tЦղŲ֪Ӽҵ£߻ãƽҲͷˡ黹Ҫӳ顣
īתͷͫҪ˸ղڳϵʱôһδᣬһŮеĶŮݵ˳ס
ֻǷͫȻһЦ⣬һ㶼⺫īᡣֵ빫ڸס£Ի
лүīд
ͫ΢ЦֻĽ֮ţ̼ܴ֮衣Ҿ˴仯īȻ˵ӾһŮҲδܹ
ӣҺðúīס£ͫסtЦʽ㣬⺫ӵôģѵǿˣ
ҲʲôĽ뺫ӽ꣬ŸҲʶtЦŵ֪֮һʱ䱼ҷͫȻtǳмĲж󡣵¾ţͫжʱǱԼģһͫԸͷ
ԭͫеʧܰһ£һֵȻʽ⣬ҲСóˡ
tɫԳѵȢ򲻳ɣСɾ㲻̫
ͫЦֻ˵Цı֮治˵һû취ƽôֵΣ
һ仰˵ķtҲֻ̾Ҫ鷳ˡ
ͫĬȻһͻȻƻͽӵڶû
ǺҳֻС£ĸϺ̫Ͳ֪ҹٲƷھǸССֻǻرһ䣬һҵظȥСɾѦҳŮ˳ͻʵһ仰飬ûˡֻϣĸ鵢ʱ䡣
һֱʱƻͽӲŴҴҽţүtīƽظںīˣΪ˱Ů֮ӣͫԸӣҷԸ׼ȥ
ı档ƻػ
ͫһ£漴ʣǺīĸϴӦ𣿡
ͣһ£ƻҡҡͷ˵Сɾѡһҵүġ
ҵдҹ衷ͫ̾īȻڣͫǲСɾֻǲĿһ䵽³һ»ǵԽһˡ
үƻͣһ²ѹҸĹй˲֪Ϊڼ͵ǰ̩үų¡ϵ˼ǲ֪ͰһĪе˺ҡ
ͫ۵ɴ󣬰ûзӦνǰ̩Ҳ׹ùãͬĸͬ׽㣬ֻǺҲգҡںνŮţټҲǲܵ飬ĸϻʹֶȫɱû˼ٳԷֱͫīġⷺۡ
ռع߸Ժ䣬ͫԼסĵȻмġзǡⷺϵһľԱ߾ǺɻءʱͫԼͻİȥСס졣
Сǰŵǰ·ֻǻδԺȻһɪ֮⣬Ҳɼ֮δңֻ˽˵һίһ̡
ŷͫ£Լȴ߽īȻһ£ɫɢɫһŷף޳ָңƣһǣһ֮СԾ÷ͫ
ү
֪ʱͣϼºͶԵ𡣸˽ֻ÷ͫһѹ㣬֪ĸ˽¼ǰ̩¡
֪
֪ǰ̩Ϊʣ
֪
֪˽Ϊı
֪
һΪҪݣ
ʮǰĸϾϿˮڿջĸڵڻ⣬زĸ׸˳̩ɽүһ仰ĸ׵
ͫˮĿīһݾأ̩ĸΣҵΪԾ塣ֻ֮Ƕںܶ˵ܻҪ
īȻһ򶨵ģվԱߣԡ
죬ͫڵһһҹĸϱ㣬󣬼ʹҲֻɰաӴɷģ˹ʺҿɱ֤ΪΪ»Ұڹӣұ֤ǰ󶼾衣
лүһлīĮ˼ϲ

 6 

үͫϳʱƻԱֹĽǻָͫģڴ֮ǰ̷ʮ̫࣬Ƣԡ
ͫжһ£֪ƻ˵ʲôֻǻղšշԸ
ֵáƻѿڶ
⼺ͫȻ˵š
ãݳӣңެѣ֣ͫĵ̾һ䣺ǰ̩ǿҵ׹ùáĸϵ׽㡭
ӣҺެѽǽĸΨʧָģԸղǾֻǰ˵ȴ¶ƻӡ
̾Ϣ³ͫĿǵңŮҪѧһ¾档ڻʹ棬˸ҪλĸátȫǶЦ̫ңһԺϰ嶼۸ֻûԶΣԶ˹ĶǣһҷҲһƽ
ʱͫ룬Ҫ㲻ǱĸƵεĵλҪҵճҲҪȥĸá
ͫ빬Źرջһʱ䡣ֻǳϵĸ鷿̫ȻҲڣҲǣʹʼʱ֪ýȥ˴Ȱ̫ؼ֪Եɡ
һֱ̧ͷ£̫ԱţĬȻ˵ʲôŮ̩үųնʱСסʹּɱˣڽµҲŮ
ʰ֮ͫûֱ֮ǰԪʵͷҲ̧£̫ȻԱ˫ֽ治šֻǿŮ̾Ϣ
ʱһʧԽԽͫϥǶеˣȴš̩ʮǰʱͫûԪʵۼλǰһꡣ귢ʲô£ֻʷѼʣ䣬ʧܣɱ
Щ֣ͫȨ֮ʱĴϴǱҪģĸϲǵճŮ¡ֻбҪɱ⣬չ⣬̩еļؼʷĨȥһʵ޷ס䡣
ȻʮȥˣһȨƵС˼ֻǼһµĶ˶Ҫࡣĸϣ⵽Ϊʲô
һ·źãҲرգ̫ⴵеֻȻûڣĲΪʲôమĺߵһλ̩ǰʵױдֻǵϵȴԪʵۣ˵ʲô仯ĺǸλǻ̫ڹٻ
ֻΪʲôԼҵ׽㣬壬壬ǣԱһûŹڶһȫвĺҲǡ
ôϲλСӣԪʵڿڣһ˫ֱͫ
ǡֱͫͦͬҹӭȥ
ʹ֪Ҳϲ
ǡ
ǾɡԪʵ̾˵š
лĸϡ
Ԫʵۻ£ͫʱԪʵȴ̾Ϣʧˡ
ֻͫǰͷѹΪһ޹ؽҪŭȨߣҲһΪ˵ҪľλȨߵ֧֣ҲûԼеôʺΡ
ˡͫ˵š
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ӣҺͷѲֻҪʱ̫йͻȻ˹ͫѳͣ£³ӭ
̫˵ʱ仹үѺӴй˵š
ǣ
Ǻúӣүϡ
һġ
˵꣬й˿
ʹԸֻǷͫһ·ȻĬȻеĸǾʧָʲôֻǼʹˣǻ鷿ǰ󱣺īһīֻΪһԭһевŵʵڲֵ
үˡƻȻϲ
ѷŷͫ³ֻǿͫɫƻͽӲνĽ˸ͫȴʣ˯𣿡
˯ˡشǷѡ
š
ͫͣһַԸԺ󺫹ӾĹˣκ˲õִͱ
ǡ
ڹڴҹظȻչתֱʱ˯¡Ҳûʲô£ϲߣзʱԸīһ˳̸顣
ֻǴ磬컹ʱ泳һƬˤɴʣû뵽ҹƻȻڣվŵһģһ忡Сˡ
ͫС̺ͫüȥôˣ
һС·Сܳšһȴæŷֻͫǻӻ֣Ҳʰֻ˼ЬͿ첽ߡ
ĿɱԽԽ󣬶ҺɱķʽԺ÷ͫĪҪ˵ɱôһ죬Ҳʱֻ䣬ЧҲ̫
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ͫһ˲죬ʲĸоt˵С˾ǵһǿˣʱΪЦû뵽С治һǿĲŹǿԸǿжǿ
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Ȼ֪˭ԺſֳֳһСӻһ¡ҪСӵ书̫֮⣬ԭǽ̴ӣָɸ书Ȼǲ˵ġû뵽þȻܸƽ֡
ȻһΪѶôһλ뺷޵еСӲ֣ѷѱֻ˲ܽĵزҲǲС£˵ŮͱӴһ㡣
ڳˡɫèֱڷͫɼ״̬һ㶼⡣ͫڶãʲôСӻճȫûӸһ֡
ֻСӵŭ𣬷ֿͫЦõĸо˫ֱص簡Сӡ
īأýֱָͫ
ӣü붯֣ͫӻֻ֡ЦԭСǺϲƵģǻˡӻûдˣһǵøСһš
һ仰νףֶе㶶ˣֱǿУҲ治
ͫһЦĵѣִȣһϷСӲ;ˣ˵ʲô֮Ļ泤ۣҲδ¹ܵĵ
֡
͵һ˵Ŀⶼ֪ȥȻǺīʹסⷺĽӶ˴Ҳˡ
īû°ɡ÷½ֱīһͨ´
֣ˡīɫ˵ţֵҲƽ
𣿡һŵĿͫ
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һͻȻͫллȻڼ£īҲûҪڸϴˣǡ
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үֻһʱ鼱īͫ˵ţֵһֽ͡
ͫͷ
īԼۣⷺԺ̸
һǰһԺͫǷתطҪߣӣҺͷһ̽ͷ̽ԵӡͫݣŰѽŲϺī
ιͫͻȻ
ӣҺͷͣСǡ
㣬ǵһҽͫͷҲص˵š


 7 

īǸʱ侮ʯԲʲôˡѧǸſ˵š
⼺˵ݱӣҵǰѺī˵ΩΩФ
ī˵ܻƽһܡѧš
ˣ˺ܺá
ī
Ҽȥɡͣһ£ӣҲѧ̾˿Ժ󡭡ҲĪҪɵ¡
ˡͫӻ֣صˣûҪȥҪǷѵ̫ûо
ȴһĵģһԵĵү滹иʵġ
ྫʣֱϴˣͫȤ
Ѻӣҵǳһ£ӣҵ˱һˡ
һ˯ءͫһµЦš
ǲһˣСӿǳġӣû˵ȥ
ͫµЦЦˣҺͺӵķ¥ˣ˴һºӵĸϲá
ǡƻЦŴӦ
ˣ˫̥С˲ʲôͫš
һгģһ⡣˵ţЦֲ䣺ġ
ͫ˵ţ°һֵ̺Ҳ
Цŵүյ˺ӣ
ⲻһ¡ͫ˵ĺ档
ҲǣǴͣǵζСˡԱ߽ӻ
ô໰ȥԸͫ˵ţֵ֪ͨӡ
ͫĺܺãû뵽ûзʱ䣬үtĽݷátһҲֻǻҳųǿīǲǼԸĭ
Сɱⲻ÷ͫʡѵô侮ʯаŮĵ̾ȴֻӭֻǷtһ㣬һֻð
ĽͫȻеһȷt꣬ʮһۺῴбſԲʮ塣ҳ࿡ţҪǷͫ׼ʢŭеĽһưһľĵķ飬ͫôһƯǴ޵кӶʨ
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Ϊֹ˻ȴ䣬һֱûеֻôһ׮С£˵ͫðƽˡ
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ķɸ봫顭ӣҰϡ
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׼һ£
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ͫհ˰̫ЦֵЩ춼֪̫򡭡
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̫ҲЦŽӿҿǺҲͦãʽŰɡ
ǡͫӦţȴе鷳
һʼȻ˵պīΪСɾűǷͫһֱΪĸϸ̫򶼲ٹʡֻҪŵ˽ˣôöҪʽţǺīʵ٣Сɾˡ
ܷͫô룬Ϻ̫򼺾ظһ·ͫƻ޻¡ʼŮȢСɾ򵥵ľȥ񲿵Ǽһ£ּ¼ڰȻ˱ˡ鷳ҲǼݳӷҽӺ룬ʽݾ裬ٰкһ±͡
ܵ¡һЩֶཻͫһ䡣¼ڰǾ;ܷһ㣬ԺīҲÿЩ
үҪ¡أƻʵ棬ȻСɾôҲүյĵһˡ
Ҫ̫Сͫ˵š
ѡǽӣĸϵԸټϽʹ߻ҪμŻȥΪչʾⳡȻǰ޹ˡ
СɾĻԲܳ򣬲ʽȻ޵¡أԺҲû˻Сɾʱˡ
ֽͫʹƻȥƻٰǾԷġӽʼľƻͽӣһү֮ʱҲȢմ磬ڣҲЭ¡
ֻûŮӼҲòЩ£ҪƻͽĸָɡĸǵİȫǷΡֻĸʥѲ£λλ̳Ȩϡ
оǽѡȢ˵ʷʾǷбҪȻĸϿֵʢ꣬ٻʮû⡣һб䣬ϵʮΨһˡ
ֻ浽Ǹʱƹ
ȻСɾƻǷǳʽ˼÷ͫѡ񡣷ͫһ۸ֹһȴͻȻûī˵ͫﰵһͿ˵£Ȼͫһֱⳡ̫˼飬Ժī˵ⱲҲһˡ
Ѹٷ±ʣͫȥⷺۡ
ǰţƻͽţͫͻȻʵ˵Ժúס𣿡
ƻЦⷺȻһȴľһǰװ޶һСɾסҲǺˡ
šͫӦţַԸǼǵðСˡ룬ԺǮȫ
ǡӦţȴе֨ĵȻǽӣȻ
СɾĸַжʹλԶ޹ûʲôҺ̨ܿ߱Թ۸̫ܲʡ
ͫһЦǾͰӵķһ
ǡƻֹСɾ֮ķǣڼʹӵķˣҲǲġɾԶңūūԲܺĵλһֳֻүѿ
֪ͫ̾ʲôӡĲίϲϲûϵֻһݾء
ǡ
˵ͫԺţֻīվſӭͫһ£漴סСɾңҪӭſڵġǰīϵδǲҪڻ¶ʼ׼ˣݼǸӭ
̫Ժ󲻱ˡͫЦŵ
īһ˫ֻǿĻȴûӦֻǵү
Ȼīסʱ䲻輺൱ԼϢΪ;ӵĹϵīĶǳ֮٣ʹҲ鰸ˡ
үò衭
ǳ涨ģͫº
ͫӹֻȴīȻһȻģϲҲǡһڣֻ˱ǣȴûٺȥֻǷһߣӣ
ǡ
빫Ӽ֪µ¡ֱͫӽ⡣
īͷһ˫ɫȻֱȴԵ쳣ƽԶ
ʱϺ̫µּ¼ɶ֡ͫ˵ţֵӷģҾԲΪӡ
īЩԻ
ͫЦҼԸ֮ҲƹɣԺҲɽκα͡ʹԺϲ֮ˣҲȫӡ
īȻȴûмϲɫֻʣ£
ͫѸ˵ţֵô˵أҪ֮ȢӽţҶȻϲֻ֣ڡֻ֮²ߣСɾʵ빫ӲģҲ˹ӡ

ͫ꣬īδֻͣҪʱͫͣһµҪǳ⣬һΪ
лү

 8 

ܿװɺɫڸͫҲûʣֻƻͽ˼ˣֹֻǵǧί˼ҡ
Ҷˣôͫ˵ţûּܻ飬ʲô£ƺī鷳ˡ
Ǻ͹ģԺҲt˵š
ֻͫЦֻǻӣܾҲδء
ҼңīȻ޷֮ƻͰѻʳЧһбԺɾīķ֮أ档ӭһ㶼Լָ߹ɶȡ
үСɾţ϶ݳءƻƥѩӰԭԣȫͨ׷ûһɫʱ֣ͨӲıһ㸮Ȣ֡
ҿҲδܺү⡣˽ţ翪ʼסƻС˵
үͦкӵġƻҲС˵š
һ£ϲһ¡С˵ţСɾ򣬱Ȣϲģصġ
ȻǴ죬ϯȻ١ͫǵһСɾԶڱ߹ص׽ⶼˡ̫ŮǴһݺǰ׾͸˵ˡƻյʱʷ̫Ҳ˷йֱǸ˵ġ
ͫźīߵлֻԺȴԾΪٳǼټģΪ̫ŮϵСɾз⣬ϵıȽ⡣ī̳֮Ȼʽţ̫򣬻ʷȻϺ񡣿ʥ϶̫ˡ
ֵҹŰѿ꣬ͫǾͷʹֳ죬ֻۣⷺ˶ŵˡһСɾ·ֵãǷֻͫǻĽһֱӳźȾơ
еʧǸţСӾȻûһ֣ŻκϷ̨ʡ
ѺӣСķŷͫƻͽָʰо֡ͫľǲģҲסĹ෨ǰʱܳסҲûҪӲţֻͻȻԸзǡ
ѺӣҶһ£֨Ǻ˵Ĵӡ
ͫЦһ¡
үǰô£ڼʽȢţⱲҲ˵˵¡ðɡӣС˵š
ͺӵĲҲغҵĴ壬ҲŲϧŭĸϱһͫͣһֵǲϲ¡
ߣī¼жǧǧαطҪǿһϲԼ־صء
ͫû˭֪»顱ֻǷͫһֱڼʵʷ顣ʫ಻̫ȤҪû̫ʱ䣬ѧ治ߡżļ䲻䳡ˣѧŮ롣
ҪǻǷĻ
үйˡƻͨ
ͫһ£Ϸӭй̫򽫽ʮ꣬ĸеĸһ̫
̫˵»죬ź˽һˡйЦŴ
ͫһ£ԱߵƻӸĿɿڴ»ߵүĴҲԳ֮Ϊ񣬴̫ʼϣʷľү
Ҫʱ̫˽ݼҲ̫񣬵ǵһСɾֻѡʱ䣬й˵»졭
ǡ
ڶշͫûаƷװֻǱƽ΢һЩʱҲмʱ
֪̫ͫ˼ûţеҲûʲôͫңΪ֪ĸϵʲô뷨
̫һŮУŮ̫Ůȴ꼴زۡúóŮȴֻһΪվȨֻһ
ֻǵ˻ϸٻŮųնҲŮزĳŮʱܿһޣֻ̩ȴǽеĽɣᶼһ䡣»ŭԺӻѹ
֪Լ޶ܿ޵Ů˼ǹŵģһʮ嶼㣬ʱҲհֽǮʱ̫ܿࡣ
̫򰲡
˲Ŷ£˵š

úӣ̫ЦŶԺī֡
īȴûҶйźī͵̫ǰ̫Ц´Цͫ۹⣬ǸƯĺӡ
ֻͫЦ
һ˾ڴȰģͫȫ̫ͣһֱźīҳīȻһ飬ȴʱش塣
̫ͫ̾⺢ӣǼ޸㵱Ҳˡ
ͫҲ̾⻰ҲֻͬǡЦˡ
ʱ䲻̣Ȼ̫ҲĻϲī˵ͫȴҸڻȥ»عݼеģȻ̫µּһСΪ
ֻŽڣ̫Ů̫Ůݼǽī˵һԡͫһҲʲôرӣô̫Ůһ
̫ŮҲϣһ֧ĵϵȻʷһ壬ʵҲ
̫Ů̫Ů̫˰ͫͺī̫Ů̫Ů񣬺īβûиͫУȫ˵
һºͣȴǲ̲׵ĵ߻ôϲ
ֻͫǵͷһ૵ЦЦûһػһ̫ǡҪ˵ԼСɾ֮ϲͼˣһݺϲһΪСɾ̫ϲ
̫Ȼδҵĸϵ뷨ǴһֱТ¡ֻҪ̫飬ĸ϶̫Ƿǳء̫Ѧϣ﹬Ҳǳǿ
ҲΪʷǣ̫ǼֺáԼڵһСɾ̫ĻϲȷʵҲϲ¡
˳Ȱͫĵ˿൱̫Ůġ

 9 

صͫŵīΪˡ
ǰеģȫϡ֪ī鲻ãһֱҲûȥŹҲϽȥšҪҪݶ⣬ֻǽǹ̫򴫻Ųòȥ
Ȼ̫ںīУǺīȴδǸ顣ĸýδԼֳ֪ںη̫ǰܲʧ൱
ﻰīȻ
úϢͫ˵š
緹ʱ䣬ͫһţͻȻ澵ûа취С
뺫īϵӦ൱в˵ǲ桰䡱īᣬҪ㣬Ӧúöˡ
ֻǷͫһ˵澶ЦˣƻүҲ̫ˣСӿǡ
ҪҲáͫͻȻһ䣬䷴ǳݣ޹ҵļɾˡ
ү˵ˣ澵˵ӶȻŮӶأǴе㲻š
СӺ񱻼ˡڰԵĽϴСӴҵǸ󣬾ͱؼˡ
ͫŻȻֲԼ»ûֳءǸԣñ˵ĴҺţһССҲĵġ
ÿ³һʮʱ¥ʫᣬǳŵģҲš˾ߡӣҲ䡣
㵹⣬СӵĲʫᣬ˶֮Щ⡣˵ҵŮμһЩʿŮľۻ࣬ôѹӡ
ͣһ£ͫͻȻʣСӶ˼𣿡
ǰΪŵ˼򼺶ҲżˡӦжʮһˣһʮͿ̸ۼޣʮڴˡ
һ仰ЦˣƻЦû˸ףĴ屾֮Ķûмǲǡʦ
ͫһ£ѵһҲʣ
ӺĵͷСھʦ˿̿ڶλСɶʱܼ޳ȥ
ȻеǷͫҲ̲סЦˡȻôᳫ޲űǵ£ǲ̫ߣ̫ǿҲȷʵѼޣϵ֮
ᵽʫᣬͫһµһӣȥʺӣ³һҪȥʫᣬǷͬ·
үΪʲôȥӣʣȻүôȥʫɢɢģ治Ǹ飿
ͫһ۵ȥ
һ ¥
ͫͺīͬʱʱ򣬱ֵĴôһ˲İһ¾ǵһžǹڷͫġȨǿаսҹӺīھǴϸڸڣԷΣڲ¥˵
һξǽ»֮ҹͫ˶ǿռܡд˵ӲԼ־ֻزɥ˵ĳĳ·ƽ»֮ҹ뻢ڵĺȳŰͷ񲻸¶档
ʱƻЩԴʱ򣬷ͫýζȫûʶԼϵĶԡ
ֻȻѷͫĹѪͷͫĴźīȴûһ˸ҳ˭֪ǵ谮Ů˵ҪǸеȥ˵
ͫǸ̾Ȩĺôһ˸ŭԣʵҲ˼ġ
ˡ
ͳжһ˸һ£Ϊ˵Ѧ֪ʱӭ
Ѧӡͫе⡣ϴкҪѦкīһ享е֡ͬǾӣãѦī˽˵ôĴţټϺҳ³˲㲻ΪѳͷҲôϺīݡ
ܽһ˵𣿡ѦһȻ˵š
ͫһ£ҲһȻĵԡ
ҪһŮӸһŮ˵ûʲôһӸһ˵ҲûʲôһӣֹеģͶе롣
Ѧָ¥ͫ⣬Ҳ˸ơѦǰߣֻСͯҪϵʱѦ¡ͫ͸ɻѦûʲô飬Ҫϸ̸͸ûС
Ըӣչ˺úīͫ漴ȻͫűشӣһǷɱǷͫΪλһٽɱ
Ѧһ䣬ͫȥѦ԰ŹغáȫµŮһң֪ΪʲôͫͻȻе㲻ڡ
Ѧȴôֻͫ£ָ档һ˫ϸ˾ԹţԾȴɢһʡ˳˯еıӣܵ˺ʱȴķ
ϲѦֱ˵
ͫСС˿ϴιѦƵĻһֱ׵ı÷ͫ⡣
ҵʱ䲻ˡѦ˵е̾Ϣ
ͫ˼Ѧû꣬òͬ׵ĿѦżơηͫѡ˽̻ʳӺѦҲҪΪѦˡ
ֻ㣬Щ갲𣿡Ѧʵĺ档
ͫͣһ£ҽлϸǳã˵ԺҡѦҹӡѦãǽȢ׺ӣ˲˼ԼôȢѦү
֪ˡѦȻһ䣬ųȥֱѷͫһɹ
ֻͫԣӣһΪˣû뵽λѦҹҲ˵С

 10 

ѦһͣͫȻû̸ʫĵ飬ֻԱšīƺһ㣬Ȼֻûڣȴ
ڽÿī۾ͿʼŹ⣬Ҫżˣƻֱ˹
ʹңֱʫҲδܸī˵һ仰ĸνǰΧͰһ㣬īߵ˼Ҳֹˡ
صͫī𣿡
īȣֻǿŷͫ
ͫЦҪ룬ҶԸ
īȴֻǿҡҡͷһ䡰ˡⷺۡ
ͫʶӣͷֺ˻治ס
صзǣͫϴǲȥ˾ҹĿ
һ£ƻ֨ĵүȢ˺ˣҶΪ
ԺīĲòĸôҲܳĹҲͷǳȻİǡ˭뵽ү˼Ȣǵţһء
ԣǾԼϷˡͫǻߵ˵ۡ
ֻǵͷҿ
Ҳô죬֮Ҫ￴ꡣͫǻŭĴ𣺡Ҫʼʵˡ
¼ûĸүңtϻԱ̫ˡ
ֻǻûȵͫ꣬ʼֵĺѦȴͻȻšϷͫͷδᷢƻ˵ѦμֺŮѦݼ
ͫһ㶣Դӿ֮һֱǳСĵĺܸұֹϵȻǰڹ̫ǰʱй֮ԵԵҲûѦҼŮŵĵز
ʹǰЩʱΪī¸ѦйͻһСɾôҲѦҼ˰ɡ뺫ī֮ʱѦҼͷ˺
ѦϾ͵ͫ˵š
ȷͫװýͼѦĸŮһڿϣѦֻãѦϼڼ
ͫɻ󣬵ȷͫϯȿڣѦֱݼһʡ
Ů˵ͫҲûƽʧ
ʫᣬСүһλ̸ЩʲôѦʵĸ
ͫһȴǲɫͣһµҲûʲôѦ𺫹˵£˵˼䣬ɢ
ֻѦ練ʡ
ͫ΢ЦѦѦŮΪѦ뱾̸ʲô
СŮ״ү¡Ѧ˵ţֻȴ˿ָ֮⣬ֻǵ¹ش󣬻үʵ֪
ͫЦȻҲ֪Ѧָε¹ش󣬵ѦӣҲֻ̫һζǰԺδ̸ʲô
ѦĸŮɫͣһ¼Ѧ̾ǼŲңȮү̸󣬵ҹȮӾͲ֪ȥ򡣡
̲ͫס˳⻹ǡѦȥ߹ȥ˰ɡҪˡѦⷬȲ˵صǽѹȢӹŮӶϳƱƵҲüޡû뵽Ѧ
ŲҡѦֵͷ̾ͫǿĵүҪ֪֪
ͫͣһ£ЦѦ뱾˵ҲǺ˵飬֮ʱ֮ʡ
ֻǷͫ˵ʣûдѦĸŮѦһŭҪ˵ʲôѦֵֹȻˣǾͲǡ
ѦˣŮ
ѦĸŮ߳зǵԺţͫųһԴС֪꣬Ѧȥ߹㣬ǰװģ
Ҫ֪Ѧҵŷ磬ϰδҹ˴֮ˡһȥ˵ѦԺ£ѦҲҪΪߡ
ǸղѦʱҪǷͫ˵һصۣѦֱ̫ȰѴͻĶּˣȱסѦ˵ʱŻ¾ˡ
û뵽ѦҾȻִȻҲпΪѦԼ̫֣ѦҸɴͰư͡˵Ѧʲô£ûʲô£ֻҪȥǰ̫ӣҲȢѦ
ͫԸϸɸ봫飬֪֮ˡ
ǡӦȥ졣
үСҹˡӣͻȻǰ˵š
ޣȥɡͫµ˵ţҪǰܻӣҰһ£ʱ䡣ҪľѦ׷ȻҪô˦ϵá
СߺˡӣѸٲ䡣
ʲôͫһ㶣ߺīǿЦȢŵСɾԼҲҪܡ
Сӻ˼ҳߣΪҪ˵׵ԵʣȻϺˡӣ˵š
Ǻӡͫʺīûͬ⣬ҪǺīҹˣӣҵʱͻˡܷͫϲϲС˽ӿǴ¡
ͣһ·ͫ˼Ѧпܸһ𣿡
˽֪ѦҪңҲҪңһ·ͬȫ
ֻǾʱɡӣ˵š
ͫͣһµҪһ·ҵûôˡ
õ书Ǽģ·һСë⡣СˣҲҴĵң˵ѦһͨϢұС
·Ҫٰɷȷʵױ¶
߼ӦûڸءͫһµΪб䣬ӣҺͷѸҳţֻ׷ݣ׷ҶۻأӣҺͷѼ׷٣ֱҵΪֹ
һּͻȻȥ߹رǳ͢ɣ˵ڱ߹ؽ׽ˡͫǳ֪ھǺҲ£Զڱ߹صĽϵʮȷھǷǳҪ
ӾǵصϹأһҪݰأǵڶݣߵﻹû⡣
ƻͽӦﴫĸǱֱԼɣ̫Ǳߡͫ˵ţĸֱԣĸϲ⣬ҲᰵҲһ̫Ҫ֪ˣȴͻ顣
ǡŮӦš
ƻͽӴʰãӣһһƤҪֵĳϾϡ
ƻͽĸˣʮ࣬ǹ˻ǳˣ˶ӣٷĲӣҺͷֹãʡ
ʱ֣˸һƤǣ˴ģͫϰ壬ӣҺͷǻƣм
˳ţͫӣҵϢ𣿡
ӣҡͷûУйСӵһЩ顣
ͫһ
пʦɽڡӣС˵š
ͫһ㶣ɽڿǽߴ֮һˣͽҪϡһŮӶۣû뵽һҹš
үô϶Ѧȥ˱߹أС˵ţ˽뾩ȥ߹أҪ֪ǲõ顣
񡣡ͫ̾ȻѦ࣬ûʲôѦ˵ϲ㣬мš
ӣҵҪѦҪ浽˱߹ؼ˰鵹Ҳð졣
Ѧˣץסͻǻʱе鷳ҲùӴˡ
ͫȴҡҡͷǷǳĵĵҷǳѦԽʲô
ѺӣҲԾõɴۣѲ˼ĵӦ÷˵ɣѦţүҲδػҪ
Դȥү̶ûУοھУôһİӵʾ
ͫȻҡͷҲ֪ǲãܾǸѦҲӲϹ
Ѻӣֱӽг
ӣҵү̫˰ɡĲ˵ƾѦһӣ뷨ʵҲ̫ңԶ
ȻҲǿŮ֮˵ǶƱʮİҲ̫ˡ
ͫ˵ѦӲϹԾԲܡʦеһʦҪǺӾ֮־ʦָӲܣҲŷ²˵ڶʦء
书˵󽫾ߵ࣬Ѧ޴ֻ֡Ҳ֪Ѧĸо̫ǿˣܾʲô·

 11 

춼ûκϢͫе㼱νĸϵ˽ܾţ˵ĸүʱģ̩ʱ¹󹦡ˣЩʲôƳ˻ϱûá
ͫԵΪģʮʱĳĸͷĵĴǰ
׽ӵеȨǾӵȨ̫ͫͨӣҺͷѣҲԽһЩ˽£Ȼ˽µķΧǲйء
ӾǵϹأ·С·ʮҪǲȷһ·ߣֻǴһˣѦܵӪˣھת
үֱݹٵϿСӡӣһ档
ûѦͫʡ
ӣԥһµС߸Ů˵θѦеƣЩСϰ߿Ҳ񡣲Ƥߣ޷ȷ
ͫ˼һµȥСӣѼ׷顣
ʵʵʵʵ飬Ѧһȷʵ˧Ǳ÷һ뾫ȥСȷһ¡ֻھ֪Сжˣ˵ɽڵĵˡ
үӣе㵣ģգǵĵһҪǱ֤ƽ
ͫһЦҪžͱɵҾ׻ôˡ
ʽ֣ͫװֱ׷ӣ˵ջջֱݳҲĿջùס˼ǳԡǷͫȻѦͬ·ĿԱȴ
ؾѦһаȫϣһӹ·ʹаŮװ߹ؼݶ½ȫָʵ̫͡
ƹģһλˡţֱ̨ͫȻҲֻ˵һֱӹ̨ϡ
С뽲ƹֻһʮŮӣŴ൱סһֻЦȴûá
ͫ뿪ڣֻŮţͫڹ̨ȫûĴЦֻЦõŮУһɫȥ
Цˣͫǰȥ´ţЦλССɣǹɫĴˡ
⻰ͫ˵ĲţóƫŮòŮǲǺܴ󣬸ӸߵŮӷǳƽ
ɫèֱͫͫȴֻЦצĴè棬ǴͲ鶯ʵߡ
ֻǳͫģüûлҲûֻ֣ͻȻߵһλİŮӵλ
ͫһ£ֻǻûȥô£ֻǰŮһֱ̽ȡüġͫʧɫܿ̽ȴǸһ
ȻֻֻһУǰŮȴδٶֻǷͫʱһ亹νмһ־֪ûУʹ͵ϮƽͫӮҲס
γ𣿡ͫʵֱӣŮɱֻ֣Ƿͫڴȴȫûӡ
Ҫǿ㰲ϣһȡͷŮ˵š
ǰһͫ⣬ĲڳǿҰҲһֻӢֻǺһ䡭
Ǽ𣿡ͫʡ
ֻǷͫⲢûеõش𣬶Ůһαã߿¥ͫĿȥŶƹĵסСԺ𣿡
ҪǳɽڣӦʦʦãɽ˵λСӻˡ
ǡڸղһĻƹɫе㷢ף˵ʣᵽνүۡЩٹʵڲЩ֥Сġ
ǸҸСԺͫԸţһϡ
ǡ
ȻջȫһŶԺǷеģ֣ɣУڷͫү˵е㲻ϰߣȻܴһûӶˡ
ͫŵʱ򲻶࣬һ˳⻹ͷһءһֱӹĶ̫ƽˣҲ˵ΣʱĺѿûоĸĸƻӣӣҷѼչ˵ĸãͬʱҲлȥĸ
Լ̫ܵŮһΪʵۣ Щһֱһ㡣Ȼͬĸͬ׽ãԴ㣬ĸġ
ĸƫ۽㣬ҲһֱĸϱֵǶŮ谮ЩΪ˷ͫһֱףĸƫ۵ǽ㣬λʵѡĸҲ㡣Ϊ̫Ů㣬ĸƫۡ
ӾǽԼҪģĸϲĵҲȥˣȻһ󽫾ⶼǳĸ֮⡣ֻǹѫĸ˵Ǹϣ㲻ҪȥǰߣҪȥΣյĵط
ĸ׶ڶŮϣܸǷһʵϾͶԵùŹ֡ͫȻȥݹŹֻֻ֣֪Ҫĸϸһ죬һĺӹ

 12 

˷·ͫǰͭûʧǵĵطȻסСԺǳòԺţӦֱŽȥԺûˣͫСС𣿡
һϣֻü˳ͫЦû뵽㻹еӣҴʦȡС
ͫЦԭɽʦ㣬ղŻʧˡ
ʹͫû콭Ҳ֪ɽȻϵˣмˣµ˵ĵմӳơɽܱһλʦҲֻˡ
òͫ˵ɽڼֻ֣ǵҲ鷳Ȱ㣬ΪԼСãҿԶһ㡣
߽ͫԱûˣŵܲСӸ֮ҵ˹ʦ㡣
ųĶ֪ʵ벻еɽڵʦ㡣
ͣһ£ǵʦ㡭ϲī
γʱȥҺīȻףɽڣʦѵõĺŮĴīãɽڵʵȥž۲ѡֻǺīΪʼ漮ˣҪϱ˾ȫͨҪǲԼ鷳
ֻ÷ͫ˳ֱõӲǡӼӲôͻȻˡ
è۵ߵ߼⻰Ȼ
ֻ̧ͫͷ졣
ֵȻ֪ͻȻʲô£Ȱ㻹뿪ĺá
ܸܲСһ䣬һҹʲôͫǳԵʡ
ϾһȵĽᣬɽڵĹŵӣ֡˵š
ŵӣʦ˰ɣͫСг
ǵȻ÷ǳȻ˵š
ţ档
ɽǽߴ֮һΪ̩ɽɽڻüǳ˼飬˱е⡣
С
Сӣ˵ԵԴҲͦģʱҪ㣬ҲǾҪˡͫʼ׽ĿѦǰҪˡ
Ҳҵ⣿ЦͫĿǲм
ͫüܴ⣬Ѧ֮һֻһҲûϡڵǴһʱһʱͫЦǻʷ˼ʵڲҡҲҷʡһԼھǵȷҪʣˡһ˵
ߡ
СӣѦӽӦòܲܰȰһȰͫ⡣
Ѧֶ֮νؿɼɫʵʱҲԵģȻȷʵѵõĺŮһжôôͰ͵ĸߡ
ҽңҽԸѦӾԲʡͫ˵ļ䶼ʵǺһ䡣ԽԸѦˣֻһǸͳˡ
⻰ȥѦ˵
Ҳǲ֪𣿡ͫЦʡ
Ϊ֪÷ǳ˼˵š
ǸѦƵʲôˣͫʣ۷ʹˣ˵֪ҪΪɽڵɵѦ鷳ˡ
ֻɺϡ˵š
Сӣǳ㡣ͫʼ
ܱǸ˵Ҳ棬ֵȻҲ޳ѦֵΪҲԸ£ҪҼӦˡ
㡭
ʵҵǾˣνһĲ죬Ҫǰû˼ѦҲС˵š
ҽԸ¶̫棬˵ѦʲôѦ˳ʲô£㶼Ϊ˸Ȣͫ˵еƣһ̫ģѦֶ
ѦҪľЧֱԡ
޳ܡ̲ͫסһδ޳ܼǳͫ벻ʻ㡣
Ҳ˵ţֵֻ⼺Ϊ˰ȥˡ

׵޼۱ѵɣҾӦΪҡ˵š


 13 

һ˵ͫȥѦĲ˼֡һж̫ѵãȥһ仰˵ףһѡ
ҪѦҼƽһЩŪ÷ͫҲᰵһѣֻѦҵճȢˣ⳯û졣
ѦȻɽƽû⡣һɸ봫鴫߹أԥһ»ûѦĳֱԸֻ֪ѽСġ
ͫ׷ݣȻһ·񣬵Կ϶ѦûһΪɽӵֱܶݲμ˽ᡣ
ͫҲûۻؾǣȥֱݿ֡ͫѧֻ꣬ǲμӹĴ򶷷ǳ٣Ҫûᡣлʱȥ֣Ȼ뿴
ֻǷͫٻصֱʱἺʼνĽߴɵһ˭֪֪һҪԣһţ棬ӵҪǲУҲʮ⾰
̨ʱͫЦȥΪûŮװ̨ԭеףؾĴӶļ壬ȻСӵݣý˵ֱӸԱ𣬾Ǳ˿еҲ롣书ĺܲһ˵ĹŵӣٲҲи޶ȵġ
һֽ֮󣬷ͫЦӭȥÿһۣеֵô⣿
ȻΪ˿Сӵľʱˡͫͣһĵû뵽С书֮ߣǰʧˡ
ʧͫʮ棬֮½֪û뵽Ĳ˵ã书Ҳѵ֮šҪģҪ䣬壬࿡ݣȫȻΨһвԸϹڡⲢͫ
ߡһͫмĵñǸʧʧȫûӰ졣ͫʧҲúúõģʧӦĲ
ͫٴԣȴȻƤһʵС̸һ¹ںӵ顣
һֱмèż棬æʣīôˣ
ͫͣһ²ŵ˵ʦԺ˼㺫Լأ
ȴͫһ˼ĵѵ㻹֮
ҾͲôе𣿡̲ͫסһ䣬үĺܵ͵ˣĸ⣬һǳرݡķ⻧ûаȥ꺵ʱֱ˸˰
ҪīԼ鷳˵š
û˵ڣöҾҪȢ˵үһСɾҲǺƽ¡ͫ˵š
Ȼͷϲð죬һأҲֻ꣬豨һڻʼ漮Աдһ伺⣬Ͼûʲô¡ʬȥιû˸˵ʲô
£ȻһŵĿͫī֮֮òΪǹ졣ѦŮѦĽ㡣
ֲϲңҺαմ˼ҡֲͫҶڰӲϹʵûȤԸһǷͫϲģԸǿһһСһͫԼе̡
´ͫһͨ˰ŵī˼Ҳ̫ʦīīûʲôʾ
ûܾҲûͬ⣬ֻʶ˶
ޡͫеףһ仨飬ˮġ
ͫһµؾ֮ӺúİɣǷǳϣһҸġҪЭĵطҲֱԡ
⻰ʱôī˵ͻȻʡ
ͫʼ磺һֱΪС㡭ܹܲĸ㣬үСɾݻܴһڻ
īֻ֪ĶҲֻЩ˲Żô롣˵ţԷͫĿǺöˡ
Ҳ˵ģױˡͫ˵ķǳпϣȻǰСҲҲû˸ס
ѵΪΪˣҾҪȥ𣿡һЦֵĲ书Ųκˣݲˣѵܱױɡ
ҲǣСȷʵеıǮͫе̾¼벻Ůӵж٣ֻǮʮʵࡣ
ֱͫݳס죬ֱŻȥȴȻɽڡΪаѷͫ˼תʦ㣬ɽں̬ȷǳСֱͫԣʱʱȥīƾ͸Ǹм
ֻͫЦʵҲеֺõ˼ȻԶ볯ãܲͲҪҪɽڵʦ޲ҪɱҪСˡڶã˳ƵĸмԺԼһ»һ

 14 

صǺͫҲûõӣҺͷѵϢͫԴҲ̾е˼ҪҪȫѦĳģǾԵɡ
Ȼεı䶯Ƚϴ󣬵ĸϻȫƿصĳãĸϵԸĸ϶ԽƫĸͻȻУȻĸһ·㡣
ǵڶͱĸٽʱ֮ɲͫһȫ˿ġ
һӣ׶Ҫ괺ܵȻ½ģ޵ĵطҪޡԪʵ۷Ըš
ǡȻе㾪ȣĸصذΪ˵ͫæӦţȴ̲ס͵͵Ԫʵۡ
¾˵ԪʵЦ
ͫһƵĿڣĸҲ֪ģȻҵķ⻧ܸˣǿҲﻹûʲô߸տլʱȻ̫򣬻ʷʹͣǽլС£ʵ̫󡣡
ֽΪӭӣΪʧ棬ȻٲһޡټϻϵĻѣʵڡ
ͫû˵꣬Ԫʵ۾Ц⺢ôôأԼķҲҪĸҪǮҲգһᵽȥ֧ӡ
лĸϡͫߵлʱǻϲ
˵䣬ԷҲһ㡣úһ£Ҳδ̫įԪʵЦŵ
лĸϡͫλشʱеԾԷھǽһڻʼԷڣԭ̩ү̩֮һֱţû˸ãû뵽ĸͻȻһ·ֵͫȻǸõģ밴ĲװΡ
ϲԪʵ۵Ц
ǡ
һʱԪʵ޻ֻͫԱųԲ衣ȻĸŮͫĸ׳Сʱ򲻶֮ʱٲ׽뷨һȻǸĸףĸײ֮ܲʱѡĻǵ
һԪʵ۵ڣЩһɿ˶ûУôģ
ͫһ㶣ʵĸϾȻһ²ŵлϷ֪Ҳ̽뷨ֻ˵⣬ʵڲ㡣
˵лȥҲʮ꣬Ҹ˸ҲˡԪʵٴ̾Ϣ
Ԫʵۻ˵⣬ͫмףĸϾȻ֪ѦȥѰ߹Ѱ飬ȴֲֻᣬֻ˵Ȣһ·ͫЦ֪ĸǷ񻹼ǵýĶʦʱսɱĴ󽫾
ԪʵмֻȻһµ귽󽫾սɱʱﲻûʲô𣿡
˶Сɾ󽫾һӡͫЦţֵЩΪ󽫾Я֮һֱӸڰ
Ƿӽ󣿡ԪʵƺȤ
ͫһµӦʮˡӣ㣲ٷȻ֮Ѧ硣Ƕʦ֮ȷʵǾܾѦĺýڣûֳָּ飬ǽѦʲôҲȫоܻɡ
Ҫĸָ˻飬˼Ҳˡǰ󽫾Ȼս׿ţһȫûбǰһлһ
ҸʱѷӴ̫򿴿Ԫʵ۷Ըš
ǡͫӦţȴʼĸϵĻ̫򿴿ʲôþѦҵͷ
ҪЪˣ°ɡԪʵ˵š
ˡͫѸϯ˵š
ֻûȷͫ˳ԪʵͻȻʣ㡭Լ𣿡
δͫʵ˵š
šԪʵӦһȴǱۣϼо⡣
ˡ

 15 

֧Ǯ޷ȷʵˬȻͫһ㶼ΪԼҪ˾װʦˮʦǷּúһͫеԲԼ
ֱ޵ʱ򣬷ͫеֵֹģҲ̫ĵԵʡڳְûΣҪ˵ʵںЦĺܡ
ֱԷʱ֪ͫԭԱ߾ȻҵıԷҰ壬ӵҪ˫ȫ֡ؾһӸ綼ܰʦѧգСȻҲʲô˵ġ
ֻǷͫķӲŸոտǱ߱߹شϢռʦسϾҪǶΪԭһ㶼ʱ˱ȵʱʦ֡ͫû뵽ô죬ΪҪһ¡
ʦǳ͢£ȻֻСûȡôʤԪʵҪӭֻǷǳɣʱԪʵͷʹˣֻ̫֮Ů־ӭ
ʮһ³ʱְǣͫȻĻϲ׼ֻѡ·ξһ硣ںʵĻĹһǷͫİá
Ȼֻּ˵̫Ůڻʳӭɣǳ˷֮ͫҲȫ롣λλװվȺԷĻӭУ͸˵ˡȻͫΪֺû֮ӣǽ㰲ȷʵһǿ
֮⣬滹һ㳵϶ǾδĹǣɴδֱӳšǴѵһŮӣ˼֮ʤ
صϹھĲԭ塣Ҫϸ˵ʷƳԭսǰʱչʱȫ֮֮ˡֻǴ֮ʱĻٴα̫ʵֻȴΧںɽԻ¸֮Խѡ
𣬴˺֮·̫棬̫ʱǰλӳԻƽֱԪʵۼλʱѵܵƽɻټ壬ֻǰŽһµѣϱսԶǨؽͬʱԴ֮սʽ
Ҳһֱԭʿĸо̫۸Ҳ˼ҽţ̫ãıһȦͰԭȵ¡ֱ͵Ϯֱһռ£ֱȡǣʱ󽫾ʵֱ̾ĳϵؽ硣
ԴĴʤΪյ㣬ȡԭ峤ϡֻǴҲǳأ󽫾ս룬˵ҲԪˣս
˱֮գԪʵּԳϵؽ³ݣ޽ݳǣ񶨾ӡֻǶԴ˴ʮֲʣһϢٴξٱδ󽫾ģ·ҳͬʱֱϮͥɱˣʤ顣
£󽫾ͻϮǰǨˣʤսٴ󻯡ʹڲòȴԶؽ硣˵жԿһʤ
Ҳⳡʤ󽫾ټһٰݴ󽫾
ڴʷϴûгֹĳƺţҲ˵ġڷĹٰݴ󽫾ĵڶ꣬Ԫʵٴ󽫾ʾԽ룬ȡͻϮֱֱ룬̶ʮŷ֧ɽսݣ
ͬģԪʵɴ󽫾ٴγƵȣػɽԶкɨ֮ƴ塣ռȫؽ磬ԪʵּĿأͱر߳ǡ
սνֱ࣬ͨ˴ĽͨҪҲˣдģˡ
ȼǵݱʱǳûҰˡǰʼ壬ǷٷʹԶԱƽ
Ϊ⼸ԭʵǿʵ̫ţ档ѧ˵ûֻ֣ճ˵ĸỤ̊üߵķһ̳У˵ʱҸҪ֧ȥ
ֻһ壬ȴô޲ߣϵǿߣȫҰδȴӵоս
ڷӮˣǸΪսʤ壬ø뺷ķʽ˵Ŵǿ
ְ󽫾еߵ㣬ʱе̸λ󽫾ҪܵôĽ͡ڣ̫Ů
̫ŮȻûʵ֣ڼҷڴˣҸҪ̫Ů޹󽫾һװڽߵʱûгֹķţȻûгܷ
ûĴҲǴȴֻԺױ߽ƽʱڽ깩Իƽǵ֮

 16 

ԻŮеУͫӦվʵʷͫվ̫Ůֲࡣؾûּ˵лŮһҪӣֻһԷжҲûšͫͷ׽ã˽ܣҪҪ˵ʥ϶裬̫ŮҲܸͫ
ʱֻ˵磬ֻʱжӵ־Ȼһ·ߵȺڶƺеˡ
ͫȴԾÿ̫Ůȫװһ̫ŮԶιڷȫװĴǷͫټģȴò˵װʵٺʷ
֮ʣ绪ĸֱӱס·⻰ҲеԽװԽ棬֮ҲԽǿ
ʵͫλ̫Ůйɾ⡣ӳΪ̫ӣ볼ԻǳԳǾִв̤ͻ鷳ο϶Իʷ䵭ٰԲϡ
ҪĽ׿ռӣȫսȨ󡣿νǼڻա
ֻǷǷ۹ǾԲԺպյİǳ֮κι꣬ϲԶһŴݡʲôվǰȴһֱ͸ĸо
Ȼ̫ŮλӾǵŵϻʵ۱ݹʷסмסˣʯһ̫Ůλϣͽɴ濾Ȼǵˮ©ӻϵ󳼣Ҳ޴
ݶ˵ͫԼݺɳʮĽҲδܹҪĸҪǵպǻض켺̫ŮͫǾŷĸ붼롣
ˣˡǰڵİܹţӢƵһֽżݵ
ĻУжӻСһɫսۣڷֻͷͳͳûСۺüȻս⣬ɫ֬
ɫһȻһžֻԶԶ͸ȫһĸо˵Ӣɱȴ˲
ŴĿյĻȴԽԽС˵һƣҲ˵ղҽеء̫Ůӭӵ̶֮ǰ·ȫ
ͣһ˲ĺֻǿһ΢Цֱ̫Ůһ˲Ļ㱡ŷǰһϥأߵ̫Ů
İͷһ˲䣬ﲻ֪ʲôͣһ²ǰһѷķŷĵֵһ·߽࣬㡣
Ҿӹĵͷ˵š
΢Цŷĵĸ߶öʱ
Тֻ̾Ȼµľ湦ĸڣԶΣЩĸȷʵΪ˲ġ
΢ЦĸϼڹȶʱּʱԸ˾Ͻ
ǡٴεͷ
Ȼŷĵֱĳߣȷŷţҵĳһߵĸ˵
ĵͷл̫Ů
ͫмֲŮ֮ûʲô˵ġ̫ŮݲͬȻǽãǰһˣֲ²ֻ֮
㡭ͫͻȻǰҪҪϴһ£һ·糾ͽݣǷס
ͫЦ£ĸϲƽϡ
̫Ů̫Ů죬үҲֻǷͫϳʱ򣬲Ծÿһǰ̫Ů죬мֵġ
̫ŮУΪԼķȣͶԽȣ⡣
ֻÿֳ棬ͫĶƾʮıûʲôõĵģοȨ֮ÿŮı޿γֻ̣ľĸоһֱŷͫ

 17 

ͷʹνǴŴͷʹʱиԾ֮Сһʱ˵ӼˣֻҲܡ
ֻǬֹԪʵȴһװãйϲϣ̫ŮͰˡ
Ԫʵһϲ˵ţͷʹе˲ãֻλй뵽ӭβȷʵʱ򣬲ȻԼˡ
ֻԪʵۻδſڣ̫ŮģүǶˡԪʵֻǶģĴһ£ѸٹµТ
ͺãͺáԪʵ˵š
󽫾Ǽ칦磬칦󣬻ϴȺ籾׼ǻֻ֣ǻͷʹ̫أòȥϢ̫Ů֡
޹Ԫʵϣ칦ǰȴװ̨ǰոսȥϴһһ·ɳϴɾйǴš
ԪʵۿţõĵʲôãҪӾúһŮңͷδܺú
ĸϣҲֻҲܿ塣ЩЦ˵š
ⲻǷԴĻʵơ۹꣬ʮϢô˿ıǮֻǵˣ֮ͳ˧Ϊ֮ĸܷġ
̱ǽսˣҪݾͷʾս䡣󽫷ҪΪƣҲøսɳ³Ϊ֪ʹսҲпܻ̳湦
ͳ˧ʱνǰսȫϳලʷȫ룬κˡҪһ㣬ͫӵԭؽ糣ݣԼĿصľԵȨڰȨ
һĵԸҪսҪͣˣ˵ֻٽ͢ҲǷЩһֱܴʤҪԭ
ֻ󽫾һĸϸҸδȨвͻռΪ
Ԫʵ̾Եֻ֪ܲǵϴδʤ˵ֻһСֶ½ȥٲģٴģȻɡ
ĸϡĶеɻĿԪʵۡ
֪ģͷʹһǷϵŴ̫棬̫ڶΪȥġȻڿܺã졭
ĸϡĴ󾪣æҪ
ԪʵЦֻ˵˵
ͣһ£ŵ̫Ůܺá
ԪʵЦ֪ܺáʮ֮볯ʮ޹⼺Ǻ˵ľ硣
һֵЩҲ̫ŮܼʱδУЩһֱƹݵľ̫Ů
Ϊֻ֪ҪҾͲĹԪʵ۵˵š
Զԡ
˵λйͷû̫ӵķͣĴŮӸеķȴֲʧӢ
ԪʵۿƺҲǳ⣬ַԸ¥ϳٷﳯȹүϡ
ǡ
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ȷİȹӻãԪʵۿŸ⣬ĵҵŮô᲻Ư˭Ұֻ赶Ūǹ
Ҳû˵ĸϡЦŵ
Ԫʵ֣ĹԪʵ۸ǰԪʵ̾Щ㶼ڱ߹أʮˣöûУҲĲ塣ǲˣԼôġ
¡ͣһ£мԥĵٵһȡ
Ԫʵ۵е֣ҪǷֱӾܾ˵ֻνĵһȾвסֱʣʲô
ѦүѦ߹Ҷ˵š
֪ϢԪʵ۲⣬ֻʣȻأѵԼŮԼľԲǺֵˣ˵ͳʱ
ȴһĲȷֻǵҲ֪ûСֻǵǺˣǰƣӪоơ
ֻʱѦˣҲԺۣЦŴУ簡ҽһ£ҽѦ
ȻֱƿŮװϣһӵľװ
ֻǷȫסˣͫзɸ봫Ȼ֪Ѧֻ֡ȴȫûӡ󣬶ͻȻĳ֣˵Ի˵Ǿġ
ӪصأĴ󽫾˧ôģаŮװһİҪ˽ԵĴҲ̫Σˡ
ֻҲһϣѦٴʧǱȻûţֻǰӳһ
ȢԪʵۿŷĵɫʡ
üҪ췹ѦֲǼϸ㣬һΡֻҲǳ⣬ôãֵĴүô
ǰͫ˵ʦиӡԪʵ˵š
ĸ˵ۣһ£ӡ﷽ۻǸջ·Сƨ
ǰɡ
ֻǰܵܿĶһ£ʵʶ﷽۸ǶӣؾǶʦĶӣʦʦܡ
Ԫʵ̾˵㣬ѦǸүҪϲҲָ顣
ĸϲϣȢʡ
Ԫʵüһ㶼ܻĵŷ󡣡ֵƵʮ򾫱
ףĳ˵ŷҲǰĹϸĶֻǷһ嵱ʱȴܲҲͳڵľ棬ʼ干¡ȻǰĿƾƶȣһ·ϵƷƣŷҲһ֮¡
ֻĸϡͣһ»ǵ̫Ů
ڻУ̫Ĺ֮С̫Ů޳ͻе죬̫ŮСɾŮ¡Ϊһ̫Ůλ̫ʱ̫Ůĵӣʷ֮λȻ䡣Ǻ󹬻ǳõķȨͻ٣޸鲢̫ʱ
λʷ򣬹ŮڻŮռ˽ռеһڶλʹʷ鲢ϣһ巸´Ȼ˭Ҳ˵ϡ
ʷ̫Ůڻһַǳ΢ĹϵศɣΪһµȦ໥ֻڶ𾪳áԵ̫ŮǻʷŮʱλ᧿Σ
ǰ˲ӵķʵ̫ˣڴ˵Ԫʵ˵ţûмϲɫ
̫ŮܺãĺܺãӵһеһСȣֶΣĻͷǰѵܵȻ֮
ĸϣ̫Ůкβɻ
̫򶼲ֱʵ⣬ʵȴǳȻֻԪʵ۵üȴŵΪ·Ϊ˵Ѫ

 18 

ϷڹЪģûȽ϶࣬һ·ͣҲסˡ
ͫǴ峿ֱĸϵǬֹÿλسһ죬ıȻҪЪ⣬ȻڶϺĸһȥݼ̫
Ǭֹй밲ǻϵ޹ûܴϾֱ
һʽأͫЦʡ
ϴ
·
ƫͭǰйţͫЦôô磿
ͫЦ㰡һĸ³ҾҪȵüˡ
ѾͷЦ֡
ͫ߹ȥ´ŷĵˣһ㶼ûڡ
һ÷ͫʣڱ߹ط紵ܵģ˴ķɳĵƤʼղ䣬ԽԽۣүǱļЧ
ֻЦ̾һתҲˣѡһԼôģ
ұͦϲǸӵġͫЦţֵҾûô⣬ľˣһ׵ģֳʲô
ֻЦһŵλ޹صġ
סͫ˵š
˵ţйǰԪʵ۸͵ȹ̷ĴϣҪԪʵһȥݼ̫Ҫװȥ
ȹƯͫĽ˵ţȻ֪ȹӵʱ¥ʹ߰ȹڳôʱԾ
øë˿֯ɣͼǸ״ɫ䣬һɫһɫһɫһɫ
ϲҸ㡣˵š
ֻ˵˵ͫЦţֵĸġ
ͫ߻䣬ſйϼݵ
ͫͷſӭݣĸ밲
Ԫʵ۽żͫڣЦͫҲˡ
ĸ밲Ҳ㡣ͫЦ֪ԪʵǸո³
ţһȥ̫밲Ԫʵ΢Ц
ĴȰＺַǳԪʵ˽Ŷһ¡Ļ̫Ķе㷢ˣżѦˣлѦ
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ôˣԪʵü
ϡ̫εĿڣѦҵһЩ£浽ҴҪöᡣ
Ԫʵͣһ²ʣʲô£
̫ɫǲÿֻǵֻѦһЩ˽¶
Ԫʵ۲ʣֻǵĶˣҴϡȻ̫æȸˡ
š̫ǿЦŵͷ
˳ʱȴԾÿڵϵѦһƬѦǴΪصһȴ۵һʹֻǹڵ£һü˳ӣȴǸһĵĸо
ѦҲĿǹһЦ⣬ȥר̫ѵ
̫˵Ѧҵ˽£˽£ѦҼѦֽһֱרһɵСɾ۲ϡⱾڴҲǳ£ǰ۲ϲһŮӤΪŮƾټϼ谮Ӳ˷
ǰʱٳʱСɾҪ밲Ȼ硣û뵽ϾȻ̳ҪϾе㲻ĽᣬλᣬֱӷԸܼңڴʮֱһ˴ֻʣ°
ѦֻǴƢڸһ⣬һдҪݷٷΪһ£ûûֻ֣ϼܷΪŮѦ磬ѦֱȰ
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һ޲ʲô£Ѧִŷ˵ĺ֢Ůճ⡣ŷҵŮҪ׷ģһ֮ȷȻϱּ͢˲ʽϡ
ѦһŮѦʮǰּ͢ģѦҪݷѦŮ֮λȻҪ顣
ϸϺѦֽ̫꣬ͷйһ䣬תֻй߰߳
̫ѦֵȻѦҵļ£ҲǲģҪǻϰĳ֪ô
Ѧֱֻۿ߰籣̫ûӣɫԽѿѦֲ૵ĵֶŮ֪ˡ
⻰ö˵̫Ȼ˵ţˣǶ°ɡ
ֱ̫Ѧ˫ִİ߰籽ֶŮס
̫м⣬ȴǲĵĵйһȥ϶
ǡ
̫ŽڵϢȻԼҲֻǷ޹ϵ񻯡ֻѦԼЩβˣСɾٺãһҼݷ֮ĻκιճŮ͢Ҳˣ˵ϳҲǵ֮һ
ϼֵǰͱҪһ˵һҪúһѦ֡ˣȻΪһСɾֳЦ
ҳݴ֮⣬̫ûз˽ġ̫Ů𣬵ʷЩٸСɾ󹬹֮裬Լ˶λϱҪ͵ġ˳֮⣬вλ˸ࡣ
˶ίʹ˶ֶΣŵڵĻ̫Щܻ࣬һ̳вλõĺκκøС
ŷңݼǲ̫ȥ׷νİ裬ΨһץסľǵλȨҲǾԲֵġ

 19 

Ļص󣬻عȫ칦Ԫʵס˷󽫾ʵڷ޿ɷ֮⣬ȫ͡
ռزǰүһլӣĿʱҲˡشƫ˳겻ڣֻмӶڴȻظǰӶǼģǵȷĻʱһƾɲ࣬밲ǧķ⻧ȫġ
ֻǱڸúϢһµķģȴòӴǰĿˡΪڽ֮ʱܼҾɫ˵λ
ͼһµѦϯϣЦ治һļªҲõģһá
ȫԾӵĿ÷Ĳ㶼ΪڵѦˣͣһ²ŵĺ⣬ȻܵѦۡ
ʵϲδ޹ӷǳֻ֮࣬ȥѦ˵棬ֻİʦسʱ㳵֪һ
ֻһˡķǳ˵ţֵһΪԼ鸺һĸּͻ顣
㡭ǡ
Ļ䣬ѦЦһסЦ⣬ֻǵĳμӡ̣û뵽㾹ȻȢҡ治֪̫棬̫ظһĪֻ㴲ϳֵӣҪȢ׼ƺҲ̫ˡ
ֻΪԼΪѦǡ׼ϡˮֵֻһݶûʲô˲𡣡
ѦŰЦϸۿĵû뵽뼤ŭҲףеĴ󽫾ҲˣҾе㵣ˡ
Σʵֱӡ
Ѧ΢ЦϣϲңҪȢңҲԡǼʱҲ͸࣬ҵĻҲ͸󡣡
¶һ˿⣬Ĳ֪˾⣬һʲôֵѦϲġ
仰ҼϲˡѦЦȴмֳָ̾˿ǹ󲻿ɼȴ˲֪ҲŷӵһӶΪλȨšֻһԼϲһôΪı棬ΪСɾҧᡣ

ͣһѦֵô˵Ҳʶˡ븺Ҳã븺ҲãҶν㻹ҪǴóһʱ䣬ҷǳţϲҡ

ˣǡ
ڷĻظڶ죬ͫϺīȥ˵ͫһʽСɾǸôĸĿģֻǷͫ뺫ī̫⣬޶ֻǺīԼҪһġ
ǵǰǴֹеĹƱѡͶƱ߾ٰףʹǹѾȢȻ޷ӸǿõӢ۰ŮΪҸ֪Ϊר飬˼лϣСɾûȢ
ԴϷͫʰøīзǣͬȥͫҲʹӦˡеǻᣬѵýκīţͫҲ⡣
û뵽Ȼ˵ƾɡ
īŷͫʱ˵ţһǲȡ󽫾˵Ĵû뵽˵ʮ֮һûУһĹĸҲ硣
ͫЦ㿪Ÿ˳޴󹦣ҲһĸڡѫȻڸʱҲԽ٣Ҳ͸˲ˡ
īмףڰȴǾأ˴󹦣ȴĸڶûҪʵѵá
ͫͺīʱ򣬷ںԺ˵ôźˣæװҪǷͫһȫûҪˣֻǸźˣټװ¾ʧˡ
ܹصʰͫ뺫ī³зŻȥֻǻûãͫһᳵȥüĺܶ໰ǲڵǰչģʹǰлҲԶܿǽûĳ
һ伸ƵصңԱȴһ÷ƿ˱ǵ㡣ͫѦ
һֱ⣬ֻһֱûҵڵĻᡣ
ҪҪȢĻشĺ档
ĸϵ˼أͫʵе㼱
Ŀһۣ̾꣬б𣿡ͫˣȰǰˡ
ͫЦѦҵϵѡʼˡȻûѡһźš
ͣһ²ŵĸϲϣȢѦȴҲᷴԡ
ŷĸھеĴ㡣ֻǷľû̫죬Ĵ壬˵ˣŲ壬ʵڲ֮ʱپһʱͳˡ
ͫüһŵ֪ĸһϲŷĴڷɢȨڵľƣҪǲǣλ붼Ҫ롣
λ˸÷Ŀͫ˵λ޹ء
㡣ͫ͵վǬֹﵱȻҪ˵ֻ
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öĹ̫Ů𣿡ʵ档
죬ͫҡͷ԰Լ̳һŮӣ˵ƾǸ߸ϵĸϣȫƽ£Ҳʤ㡣
߸ŮУʺϳƵ۵̫ŮҲֻôԻ͡˵ĺ档
ĸϲ㣬ϣܵϵλͫ˵ķǳ϶
Ҳϣ𣿡ʡ
ͫ̾ŵ֪ЩʷܵȻʰŮǣ»ʵǻʲô³ĸڸٳ裬һ̫ŮǻǾ·һ˵ֽʷǸϵ¾ǣ޲öǴҡ

ĸǺܺãȥģҲҵ³ͫͣһֵҸҪȨ֣ĸϼĶظֻƾһ㣬ĸ¾ݵ㡣
̫ŮᡣᵭȴᶨĿڡ
ͫһ£Ϊĸƫ۵ĹϵȻܿ˺ܶӦòᵥ˵ز
ֻһˣμ֮Ĳʵ̫ԶλҲĲܸģʮϢҪһֶΣвܵҸʡĵ˵š
ͫԣȻҲ̫ŮǺʵλʵѡûн˸е١ϣܺãҪܻλ֮ûĸȫˡҪ˵̫ԶģͿԼ׹ù̩֪һ壬ʬǲȫ⻹ͬͬĸ׽á
˵³ûλûԺһҪٻҪȰıܡ

 20 

ԪڸչͫͷּˣΰĿνǹҲ˽¡ӴŴ쵽Ԫʵ۵˼Ϊ˴棬Ѵϴһ·վúһ¡һ·ʱסվƾɲýʹЦ
ߣΪ˱ʾκ׵ӣͫһ·֮Ҳûؾֱӵϴۿڵӭס
ӽӵּͫĻϲȫ˳ĹԺȼɽˮּ˲ɡڶãȫ˳ȫ棬ҵųˡ
ͫͻȻ𣺡˭ȥʺûȤһȥתת
ȻīΪӣŵʱԶһеӣǷּתתǽϵķ⡣ҲҲȤȥ
ƻȴϽҲǸȥġСɾһӭҲڵ顣
ͫͣһµҵ˼һȥ棬ڸ񷨡
Ļͫе˵ȥˣСɾ٣ӭǽд׵ġǷͫʱ˵ˣӻʲôӦĲ˵ˡ
ӣԱߵҿǷǳʶˣү˴Ҫ涼үǲʶôˡ
ͫ̾ˣȥ˼ҪʵڲȥҲҪǿ
ȴȰ֪үǷ֪ǰʱѦҼóһСɾϱ̫顣ȻеΣʹǺģ˵ǰʧҲҪСۡ
һϯ˵ķͫԣͣһ·ͫǻԼȥ˵ɡ
ȥۣⷺͫԥҪôںʡȻʱ䲻̣ī˵ʱĲ࣬ÿμҲǿĲٿһɰĲӣǺܾҲĽȴȫûйͬ⡣Ҳû̽ѧȻһӻҡ
ͫ߸սԺţīߵС׾ǾϲѸٵҾȥˡ
ããԼȥͺˡͫæֹ
ֻĶīֻӳվſڵ
С״÷ͫȥȻ£Ǻδȥһů⣬Сװʰ÷ͫϯλ£һҲæѲ赹á
īȻûаæʰҲ£ֻվԱߡ
ҲҪ̫нɡͫ˵ţҲе㲻ڡ
ī¡
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ͫһ£Ȼӣ˵ģǸʶˣˡһֱΪѵĻ룬ֻͫǵǿҪ塢£ôĶҪϣʲôȥ򡣡
ǡīӦš
ͫ˵Щʲôֻǿźīȴȫ˵ֻҾȸǡ
ү
īֱͷͫԺţҪһСɾǸ˵ģһֱīš
īƺľȵ񲻿ɷϡ
ͫףǰûʱһЩνˣһжҪˡ
̾ͫīĵҪίһʱ䣬ҿӱ֤Ҫ뿪ˣҶȻа취㰲ȫ
ĸ֪Ҳûʲôؾǹϵ̫飬סҲĸǱ
ֻǷͫôһȴûúī¶м֮飬ȻǾĿͫһŵлү

 21 

ٳʱͫûȥһˡ˵Ҳ֣óһʱûˣʱtˣϲ˵СȻͫеΣϣ̫Ƿǳˣ˺öණ
ʵǳ£ͫС˷tΪĸϲã˵Уʵ̫ɡ
ԷtԸӦû汧һѪͳпܵһȻ˵ġtҲСɾؾһӣȴСһɺõĶࡣȷʵֻǽһᵱ
˵ү˯ͫ˼˵ţ컹ûȥộ˯ϻҪҪ˯
˯ˣүҲһ˯ˡtߵŮɺ˵ţȴе֨
ԭһ˯ģȻͫǾ֣ȴʣֻǵγүûʲôҪҴġʮ̣еĻ˵˵
ǡɺӦţֵҼүллүˡ
뵱ȻķͫȥͫҲٲһˣȥͫһĿģҪǮ
ͫķ⻧ǺܸߣǰʱּҲһʣƽﻨҲϴ󣬵Ǿͼ췭ʱʱͫǮԶԶ
Ȼڵүڻư֮ﶼǺӣֻǷͫĿͬȨǺöǮҲһȻȨܶ飬ǮҲܡʱǮȨãؾǮϲдү֡
ûǮĻشš
ֻǷͫȴɵˣֱ㣬ˣôܻûǮǧ⻧д󽫾ٺ¼Ｘûʲô̫ŮпܣûǮ
ҵǮһֱйڴĻشйϵ¾ߵй¾ȥҲһֱŷģʱҲŴӹ
йҪͫĪ˵ţڹܼﻹǵԼûġүĻԹʵĲࡣ
ͣһ²ŵйÿ궼Ҫĸϱʡ
ͫŷӦ˼˵еǮĸڹܣ
ķǳĵͷĳ˵үҲүԶõǮ̫ˡ
ĸϡֻͫ˵ĸΪʲôҪǮȻ˵һʾȡ⣬һүǮóǳ
һ·ĵȻ⸮Ҳûʲôö͵Ļ٣㿴ļֵǮ߰ɡ
Ȼ˵ͫѹһҪİͽıڣͫ²֡
үѦˡ
˵ţй˵š
һ˵ʱľͻ˿ܽػֻйһ
ֻ⻰ͫˣƺмΣȴʷͫ𣿡
ûˡͫشţֵҲߡѦɶ
ֻǿһۣȴֶйѦӵ
ͫŹȥʱѦֱһټˣͫѦЦԭҲڣþòˣɺã
и
Ѧֵ˵ϼּӭףʲôʱ߰
⻰ͫе˵˼ȴش𣺡ʽ̡
ҲȥѦ׷һ䡣
ǵȻͫ˵š
ޣѦӦһȴֿͫУ֪𣿡
ͫգգۣʰ׵׵ѦӲҪٵˡ
Ѧϸ۳ͫһ²ŵм˽밲˵ܲܿ
ͫССһѣһ۷ģľȻûɶӦΪϰˣԴظýҲãҹҲãѦֻҪͻߡȫô룬ôŵԽԽ٣ڷдγȥֱʻڶʲôʱ
ľãҲĸּȢˣԷĴȥ治ǰ취ĸ˵ģҪһ
Ȼظɣú׼ҸС˵š
ͫ˶ˣȻøǲ˼飬ǷĶˣֻͫõȸˡ

 22 

ͫʱųǳ󣬷ּӭײһ棬ҲǷͫһθӴմүʮ꿪֮Ծ󲿷־Ҫְˣ񵱳߸Ůү֮⣬үְ
죬ڴĸܸʲôְû뵽ĸϸᶼûĴȻҲû˸ʡ
ͫʧ֪һֱΪԽ볯ãƾĸ϶ǵĽõϲӦûҪְû뵽ˣһݲ¶ûõ
ҲӲĸϵ˼ʲôȷһ㣬Ҳĸϻϣܵϻϣҹ֮Ҳ
ĸû̫Ůֻ̫ŮţȻʵûʱ̫ŮԲ˺̩ĸϵʱʵսЩĳƵۺĥĸ϶ζ̫˽⣬ĸϲ֪̫ܲŮõλʵѡ
Ҫ˵ĸ϶Էﲻ⣬ӦǾļλͱʾŻȨŷһ
ŷڻȨӰʵ̫Ȼ̫ҲǳŷѦҵڵʵˡҪλ̫ǳϣټλʷǿƵԸҲвȨ
κʼʹþƷƣԼp©pΪѡٱ׼ŷӵ٣ȫ¢;ʱν֪ң֪ʼҡ
忪ʼʵۿʼǿȨ˿ƾƣŵڳֻ۲Ÿɡ뷨ǺܺõģֻУŷķԿ֪ڶֹҵֱӰѽɽ͸
һٶ꣬һֱ߲ãһƣȻо֮ٲ󣬵ƶѧ˵ҲһܴĹǰֵصĶԶֵֻأµֻµˣһнпܡ
ȻƷҲãֻԱʵյ㡣ְλҲĽֻͣǼʹΣӿ̫濪ʼʷǳŷҡ
뵹˵ǵԪʵۣȻʵ̫ڣҲһ룬ֻû㹻ʱŷУлϼĩ䣬ԲơļȴΪףѦΪΣȨ֮ʱʱš
ĳ̶ֳ˵ԪʵӮ̩λΪϵҲ󹦣Ԫʵ۵ǻѸٷչԪʵֹе
Ԫʵ˵鷳ǣλʷǼ뺷ӣԪʵ۸˲ϵ£ΪԪʵŮٿԪʵרĵ¾ţĸڵ¾ʱֻܱ̫
»ŮľǣԭֻһйȨƣΨһүtһҲ¡лҲһү˸ְȷtе㳤Ҫ˵λ붼ġ
ҵԪʵۼλ֮ʱ˻ʷ֮⣬ѦΪǻֶֻ̫û꣬һ乬һʣ֮Ѧ˽󹬣˵ǻ̫ʡ
Ϊ̫򻹱סԼֶˣˣǶͺˡ
Ѧһ޻ŮҲЩѦϲϵԭҲΪѦϰĿڷϣ¾Ҳǳ壬ûиñҲûʸһϸµģֻǷĵĲ湦е˶ˡ
Ԫʵ۹̬ѦҿϣֻѦԪʵʵԶͫһֱΪڵĸϲжûŷַ֧ǾԾԲܳΪλʵ۵ġ
үղ֪أ˵һⱸ԰ӣүáƻǰػ
ͫͣһЦˣȥ
ƻмԥү֮ҡ
ụ̃ĸȼֵ֮ңү֮𣬶Ҵӭ׵ţе㲻ʡ
ͫЦ뽭ϵؽ磬ϷеǴ֮ңȥҲ̼Ұͽټ֪⻰ҲһĸˡлῴЩ̣ͫŹλᡣ

 23 

ụ̃ҲˡŴԽϵĿԣӿֳ䵽ˣ˿ͨغó׵֧֣֮֮ЩԱڷ뵱٣ҲҪܵ߻ʵԶĵﵱʵۡ
ͫʱ䲻̣ʼһҪԣ飬·ֻµߣͫǴ󳤼ʶϾÿʱ䲢ԹȨĶڱûоսϴ͸һ
ӭȫװӭ˫ϥأͷڵأʼҵĵλ֡
ƻӣҷŷͫӳͫɨһѻѻһƬˣ𡭡
ͫһ𣬵¹ŵһƬȴȻֻǴվֱͫЦ߶ˡ
ֻǰͷһʮŮӳУǫ£ӭүݣʵڻ̿֡
ͫ΢Цȴûӻֻ̧ͷ԰ӡɽׯĸī֣Ժ֮ǰͫƻӭǵǽּңӺ׸ǲ˿⡣
̴ڵĻҵҳϾ֮⣬ּ˻رעӵѧҵӡȻ֮һԿƾ٣ǿֵ֮ĹְˣũҪǵһЩġͻǮ¸ϹҲûôڴˣ˭Ҳ䲻ˡ
԰ϸ£Ƿ֮ͫĵһоԴ˵ȻˡǱ𰲹ʵں̫ˣҽ԰͸һ˵Լֻǿžͷǳ
ȻͫûѡվţӺ֪һšģּ˼÷ֻǷͫ˵һ·Ͷ٣ҪϢһ£ͱµܷ¥ϢȻīҲֻ˵Ϣò͡
үī
ּ˰ѷͫͺīǰһģǳϹأֻ÷ͫ뺫īе㲻㡣û취ֻúīסͫ˯ĸ̶ҹ䡣
ۣͫƴ˵һ·ͣû뵽͵һ˯ʱ䡣īװã֪ͫʱ䵽ˣּӺ֪ڵ
ͫǺ˯µģҲǼӼͷֻǲ֪ôɵģ̶ȻڣŮӵͷȽᣬҪżͣһ˸͸㲻
žһᣬеſ봫ˣһԵĺīͻȻүǲ
ͫһ£īͣһ²ŵǾ鷳ˡ
ܿĺīָ߽֬ͷ˻Ůͷ˵ڹʱı޿γ֮һһ޾𴲺󣬷ҪͷīִҹӣΪŮͷǱ޿֮һ
ֻǵīͫͷʱ򣬷ͫͭǰͻȻеţ˵̫Сɾ˵ͷҲҪ̷ġ
ֻ뺫īһֱǡڷͫʧ֮ʱī˿˳ͫȡ·ͫͺīһǰһţֻ澷ǳվſڣһϹϾӡ
̲ͫסʣأҪڳݹ˵ǳֻ˲ڣⳡڸ˭
ƻһĵү
ͫһ£ͻȻ뵽ղҲС̣ȻоԱվŵĺīͫٳһѣ⼸Ѿͷôûϲҳ棬ղŻҼһѣͲ֪ղźīʲôˡ
ĲǶԡ
īţͫȻڿڽѵֻǷǳɨĸһֻۡһ˸ճԺţͼӺּ֪һ˶ſڵˡ
ͫһ΢ЦһŮеƣȴԾϸּˡΪ׵ʮŮӦּҼ飬ּ׳Ůӣֻǿ˫ü۶ܿһ
ֻͫעĿվŵһŮӣʮ£ȴʧƣصķͫʱ˫΢ЦĿĿ͸ȴִŷ˵һ˲˵ʲôǸоȴ÷ͫǱʶô˿á
ֻǻͷȴ־úЦһʮµ֮Ů飬ʲôΪ
ӷͫԵ൱⣬ֻûǸŮӣǼּҵĵŮʮ¾ֻǱĸ˷ƣŮȸٷ
ջصܷ¥ͫ澣ǳԺʱּҼվŵǸ·С˭
·ģ澶̫ע⵽ȻסǰһЩ鶼λһҲǷּ̿͡ˣһҲֻעճŮ
ּŮճģشǾȻǺī
ʶͫȣ˵һҵŮ뺫īӦǰ˸Ӵűߡ
īͣһ²ŵǰճϿڳһʫʱͶʫ塣
Ǻأͫʵе㼱ϲ˵˵һ롣ʵÿȥʫͶʵ̫ࡣǶƽ֮ʱϣܾ֮Ūøֻѡһ֣óһ
úīӡӦǷǳõĲھӦеŶԣĻϢͨ澲һ㲻֪
ʫĺܲΪСӺһԼȴû뵽Ȼ̸ι֮ī˵šֻñͲ̸µˣ̸̸ʫģȻ̸£þ÷ǳɨˣ󲻻ɢ
̸£ͫһ£ȴҲ֣һģ̸ҲֻճǷҴˣúͺī̸ֲЩ⣬;Ҳû̫ҵİ
īͷɫȴԵԶͫӡȴǣСҪѧ뷨
ѧͫһ£Ȼ䲻̫˽⣬ǷͫҲ֪һҪ飬ǰڡ񼸸ŷ뵱Ϊӵܽѧճѧ
ֻǶڷͫʣīȴû취͵̫صӦʰѧȻѧУѧƼѡ˵һַʽ
ͫĬβͻȻ澵˵Ұʲôʱճʻʡ
ƻԱʣүȤ
ͫЦ˵ô˼Ȼϸ
ӣȴ˵ּһֱųй顣
ͫתЦԺ˵ɡ
ƻĸϵˣϣճӴӣǽҲϣ˽ӴϸٿƣӦûлġ߾ͲȵʱȥӭףҪӭһҵᡣ
үҲңûԼĸǴ⡣

 24 

ͫг̺Ӻ֮ͫ͸ˣһ˼ҵŮνİѧѧô죬ûȲ˵ֻ뷨Ǻܲ˵顣˵ǮҲʵҳڴѹƵײ㣬Ҳճ뷨˻ֹһ
࿴˽ײ˵뷨ȻͫҲ֪˽ˣԼҲʲôˣͫǸ֪㣬Ҫһʱ䣬Ҫ鿴վ͵Ǻˣ˳˽һ顣
ү⴫ī
ͫҲЩ⣬ͼǾʱ䣬īͻȻʵ֡Ȼ˵ּǴΰ֮⣬īͫûͬһңֻǹϵк˺ܶࡣ
С̶īͫȵ
ī£ȴͻȻȴվŵ̶¡
ͫ͸̶֣ȴǷǳĳţīСɾϽķ䣬
£ͫʵļ棬ľٶīӦмҪĻ˵ͫȴ벻뺫ī֮ʲôôҪ
ճС¡īţһ۷ͫսּұԺʱС˽Ÿҡ
ͫһеףȻΪճǴ뺫īﰮĽ֮⡣ӦǽúīճƼԼ
ī˵ճʫͶʫ壬ãī̸Ȼ˵Ҵˡһ޹֮ŮͶھҲҲ·෴ճб뾩ǳĲ˽¼ͷǳˡ
һ£ͫЦʣСô˵ģ
Сϣ밲ү˽¼һ档īֱ
ȻˣֻǺīıȴ÷ͫĿһֱΪīֻǲ߶û뵽ҲСƻӡӣҡ澲ȴĸû뵽īҲˡȻ⼸仰ŵ˵ּұԺʱ򣬷ͫʱīͻֱˡ
ӾСǸʲôˣֱͫʡ
īȴԻĿͫŮӵĸоҪǷͫϵһ衣
ͫҲ֪Լʵֱ̫ӣЦҵ˼˵ӾСǸ֮𣿱ؾС棬˵
ī˼һ֯ԣСǸпˣȻĹ۵˵޷жûΪ˵ĶǵʥϣֻǼʹʥĹ۵㣬Ҫƶĸȴ¡
˵ճһ˫нͫʡ
īһ£ҡҡͷû취ش𣬲ԹĸǸųġ
ֻͫЦī˵ĺίֱ׵˵ǸѪģԹĳҪơĳ֮ͫ⣬īȻ̸ܸ
ĵһСС뷨ҼûˣԼںīжټ˹ϵҲī԰һЩ顣
ֻǺܿķͫͷѹȥΪһѺī룬߲ˡͫһֱ뷨ǺīһĵϲȻԼȫˣһҸ
ҾС̫ˡīͻȻ
ͫһ£еĿīֻīüϴҺСӼ棬ϣүƼ˵ĸоɹ뼱еĳɹ
ֺͫīݣΪûճ̸ֻǿľٶͫҲָоȴΪʲôô˵ԼǰͻȻ̸īźʲô
үжֻǡ֪ԾֱˡīƺͫɻֱԵ
ͷˡͫЦ
һĬʱ伺磬Ҫ·˯ˡֻԹ֮ȴе졣
ΣīүϢ
šͫӦš

 25 

ڷͫǰʱϴ֪ȴϢ˵½׶Ҫˡͫ˴Ҳ̫˰ɣ㷨ôŻҪһҡͳѡȻʼ׼ףټˮ·̣ĴҪ꣬״ӣٶȻҪһЩ
ʵԭ򼺾޷ͫҪľǿӱ޸ϵϴȥʲôʣӵʥּ֮һӭף˼ҽʹŶˣ߻·Уؾ֤֮ÿġ
ȥǱߣܲܶסͫ˯ʱͻȻԸƻԴӽӵϢӭ״ƴǰϣ̰ڣͫϰ֮˶ЩԲˣǺī֪ôء
û¡ƻӦţЦүǺøķǳǳʶ塣
һ仰ͫеĵȴҲúīķǳʶ壬ҪǡҡҡͷͫǾ뷨˦⡣涨һһƣ˼ҿСɾūķΧ
ʼҹСɾǾ˼ӰµķͫΪԺԼֻԼమմˣ෴һֱϲ꣬ǰ겻鷳
һѺī뵽λͫ;е㲻ԾīǸһֱǳصĲӣȢصģڳСɾ˵ֻҸ¼ܵĶˣûҪִںīһӡ
ү̫ˡƻŷͫɫԱ˵ţֵôȢ˾ȢˣֻҪò̫͸ˡ
ͫԾÿһۣϾҪӭˡ
ū֪λǺ׵ĻӣʵǲǺģԹ򽲵Ҳŵԡָã̸˵ҪָСɾġƻһҵûı˵š
ֻҶӵĳǳȤͫ˵ĺ棬ĳȫθڣһǳõĿʼȻںȣںҪ˳ദҪǳ಻θҲǳ⡣
ڶԺī͹˵ͺīĲ飬ҲغīĴ壬ǶټӡԼѡȢеӲ̫
ͬʱǾ͸ˣҲͶ֮Ļ᲻ġЦŵ
ϲԣҪǷͫẫīصĶйͷˡīҲͫеϲ˸飬ټݣֱʵǸãһ׻ӵټϺīԸ񣬷ͫһ
Ǿô϶һĶţҳһͫԴ˷ǳɣʵ׿Ļ̸ͫҲָо
Դ˵ȻǰҲףùӣ󲿷Ҹϵ㲻ˣһ˵ʱϵӡ˵֮Զ۸Ҳûȥ
ǸҪǻ̫ʧ棬ͫûǴ֮ͷҲء
ѵүźӣֻԣƻЦֵүҪ˵ûǰ㣬ҪԾҪ죬ӭӣһˡ
ڻܶ磬ȵеʱܻмֲڡ
˵춼Щʲô̲ͫסڡ
үҸѽ߾ְū澿ǲҵġƻЦĵ
ΪҺãǾٺͺˡͫ˵š
ǺΪүԸЦ÷ǳ
ͫȴֻҡͷԸȻҾǿȡһֱΪҪǿȲɣʵ̫ûӣеġ
ƻ¶˾ı飬˼ĵѵү뺫Ӵ輿·¶뺬ˣ
һ仰˵ķͫˣǸ˵淢ֻһ£ͫһֱյĸо
ƻȴֵŮ֮±͸ŮЩ»϶ûȥһֱģڻָźԸھ뷨Ҳøṩᰡ
ͫٴԣҲԱߵѵүһ㶼ϲӣ
һ¡ͫش棬ϲҲֺܶ֡ںīڷͫĸоҲǣҪǺīֱ˵ܣʵֻҪǺīû˼ԲҲȥ׷
ʲôʱ򣬷ͫûзǳҪõīİ飬Ȼͫ;ȴû˵뷨
˵翪ţǴŮҲΪԶԵģҲҪеоУҲҪҸ˳۵ȵ顣ںīҲָоֱ˵Գ֮ΪԳ嶯
Ҫ˵ˣ˵ҪӭӵȻû棬ֻǻ÷ͫǳڴҪǳ뻭̫ԶĻͫΪԼһǳ»֮ҹ
ӣҲ̲סʣүԺ󺫹˰ˣͷߣ
ͫǳĵͷ
ΰ󡣡
һֱΰ󡣡ͫԲѵ˵š

 26 

Ϸͫӭ״ӵϴʱ򣬽״ӴûͫҲɿ
ӵ׼ȷϢڶϵͫ˾Ҳൽҹ˯һᣬĸͫװ磬ƻźǷүôɣ
Ը㣬ҪˣϢҲֻ˵ϣһģ˻ûȥЦˡͫ˵ţĸϼҪӣԲܽʹǰʧ
ӭӵصϴߣ֪ͰѵطʰãͫһΣȷʵ׵ͫʱȻˣǴܵߴ磬Ҳͫܵġ
֮磬֪ݻδ֪ȴţ˷ͫ񣬷ͫ΢΢һЦ֪֪ǰ;Ըٵ˵Ҳã˵ֺҲã˼
ͫһᣬʱ֪ŹͫڵˣɫеˣͫҲ΢΢һЦ
һ˾ţֻͫһƽĿ棬ȻǲҶԼϾˣôһģҲǲһҪӢ⡣
̫Ӻʱɼ󴬵ӰӣȻ磬ͫԼˡԽԽͫúֹĶȻֻͫӭʽе鴤˵ǳУ˭ҳףһֹͫ˰죬Ǿ˼ҵķ
õ죬ֻԽĴϣƺһӰӴֱ߳ͷλáŴĿͫҲԽֻͷȴһ
ͷվŵһӣװ¾˵ǽӼ¡ֻ·ɷȵͷû˵ھһ¶ûУֻɢ紵
ԽԽӸͫĸоҲԽǿ󡣱վڴͷ峤࣬ȴ˵ľơ
ͷ֮ͫУԻʷΪǿ󣬾Ͷ㶼һ˵ǿǰȴһ¥ֻǾĬ㶼ܸܵϵİԼѹ
󻺻һֺգϱ󴬴һ˻Ӿڮһ㸺֮䡣
̶ͣǴӴ߳ͷվȴδֻһ˫ۿ򰶱վŵķͫͫʶҲ̧ͷȥƴһȴ֪˸ʲô
һ˲Ķţڶˣһ̶ǣ´ӵĲ죬ҲȳĹϵֻС鲽ŵС̶ƺЩѡ
ûκ˲ҲûǹٵֱߵͫǰüĿӢˣӵʵȻҪһЩȻδʮҲҪжʮˡ꣬ûлʱȴһ˵ء
ĶӣɫƵӸ÷ͫеŲסԹŮӣǰȴԼ
ֶǷͫĺīһͫŻعܺúܺãԳ֮ĺá
ͣһ£ͫӭӡ
ʵһӭ˵ȳ˵ĸ٣Ȼøϸͷֹ˿ҲվȥСǷš
ǹٴϻ֮аݼȻ󻻳ݣȥϴվϢ˵λȥ
ӵͳԴԵ𣬿еζȴһĨ԰ĵĴ
ûκγνֱֻԼ֣÷ͫеֻ֣Բʵʱ򡣼Ȼڵǹٶٳ棬ֻͫõϳȵվϢ
ͷŴǹ򱸺õͫҲԼķ졣·ʹҲĸ
շͫԤƣֻϴҲҪʮ֮ãˮ·٣߻Ҫһӵļױ
ϴվǻؾһ·վƯһȻǷͫ޵ģʱ޺ˡϴֱ֪ʣ˵֮ǰر
վվȻϴû㸻ԣһվҲԺ䣬ͫסһһȻǽʹŵġ
صվûãͫƻȥûʲôҪȻǹͣȻԺﵽǳէɶȱɶֱӷԸĹȥ졣
ԱߵĺīȴҲҲһͬȥ
ͫһ»ǵͷίˡȻͫĳɻûоУǰ϶Сɾȥ̷Ҳ
īֻȴû˵ֻǰƻȴһֵĿͫѷͫĶˣʣôˣ
ƻ֨˰ŵȥ
ҹȥͫһ㶣ҪʲôȥҲûʲôֻƻʲôɫ
ƻֵ˵˺ܺã
ͫеԾīֻǸȥݼīҪæһЩ飬е㲻ʰɡ
ֻͫȥֻǵԺſھͼһС̷ǳصվã÷ͫһ£һٻ˴Ĺأ˱μϸǲҷ
ûȷͫݣſڵС̶תȥͫſʱֻתͷԷͫү롭
С̴ͫСͫݣбϣīͷԱվšװһɫװͷȻû𣬷ͫע⵽ͷЩ
ү˵ţȴû˼ֻǵһơ
ͫҲû׷ʧֻԱĿתĿȻľٶʧ񣬵ĸоҲ˵Ŀ˵ˣûʸ
۹ܺáͻȻڡ
ͫȴһ£ĿȴɨīͫףԭָǺīȷʵԺīĳʲ޸򶼹ˣ˵Сɾˡ
󣿡ʡ
ͫȴԾÿʵҲȻش
ǡЦͫĻشôĸЦȴִһʲ졣Σ̾еεĵҪС꣬ͿԵŮˡ
Աߵķͫɫֵֻ֪ҽֻȥɣ˯һᡣҲˣһ֧ʹȥŮͲҪٹˡ
ͫɫٱ䣬ȴǳʹڽӿȥҲ֪ǴûĸҸš
Цڷͫŭƺûп㣬ֻǵү˼Ҳԣ͵ʱһСǼ˫ӡҪϵʱүҲ벻ҿڣҲ̸ˡ
仰˵ķͫԣֻǵۿ΢ЦŴͫ˫ֳڷͫ߷ϣ˽ľ÷ͫȣֻЦŻĵˣҵСŭջȥҲĵˡֻһȨƣĻӶΨһֻҲΪΪ˽Ҫܹ죬ҲҪһõĿʼ
ͫһ𾪵Ŀȴ΢Цվֱ壬ֵΪȴҵĻǸŮӣû뵽ȻԳԤڡ
ֻͫԵĿ
ȥɣǱؾûгףΪν񷨣ҲΪ˸һõӡ󡣡΢΢Цţֲһ˾䣺ȻҪǷǳϹҲ͵͵

 27 

֪ǲǴһ仰÷ͫԼϷˣȻָоܸЦָ֮оȴʵ
ֻǷͫȴֵΪʲô׵ĻôһӣֻƾֹӦλӣֻ˵ǽᳫ飬ҲһֱڹУҪ˵һļ޹͸ˡ
һ׶Ϊƽеģǰף˵һֶΡʵûıҪȴԼĻԴѵΪﱾˣ
ͫ־òԣһӶޣҪǾݲ£õİ취ɱֻ˲ȫģֻʶܽʵ۲֪ôǧ͵ʵڶһ١
үλΣҪ˯µʱƻСŷͫò˵е㱻סˣﲢû˵ʲôػֻȻ֧ʹ͸Ȼȥˡ
˰죬ͫصϲ꣬ǲϲ塣
ŮеˣȻͫ˵һʵʵȫÿ˶ˣ˵Ҫơ
үΪԸమ𣿡Сʡ
ͫԣʵʹ壬Գ꣬ڸԲǺڴֻమ֪Ϊɶֻǻһమĳͫе顣
һûʲô̸ģҲԼ̸顣ͫڻʼң˫￴ֻȨƶ˵ãȻڻʼˣܶʱûѡġ
ͫԾ˵Ǽ仰ֻǺģΨһֻԼ⵹ǾʵֻǺ滹һ䣬ҲΪ⻰ѵʾԼΰæ
ȻûֻǿӣҪ˵ֻĻӣš
ʵ˵ȷʵһǳǳʵĺ飬Զˣ޷ҿˣڴ޹ʣǷݡٷ⻰ǺеģҴûĸʲô³ġ
ڷͫΪûĸ̾ʱһͻȻ֣Ҳ˵ĸȴǳʵġ
Ҫˣͫʵֵ̫ˡ
ӣȴС˵úȥ̷ʲô˼
ʲô˼Ȼ˵ţֵԺӵĳƷүýȢһСɾԼǺģҪСɾͷȥԺеܡ
еͫȴôΪֻǸӣ˵ĺīͷȥʶԼñһͷֻһүĺԺ裬Ҳʵ̫Сˣһ鰮ˣںʵ̫֡
ͫǺǾ䣬úīȴūٹȥūӦָ澡
ͨı£Ҳ֪澶Լ΢״̬˵ΪīĸҪͨīȥ˽һЩ飬ؾ˱ū˽ࡣ
ΣؾǱȻģʹŸյʱ򣬼ھǡװ񣬲ͫżȥѵóһˣ࿴
Ҫڻؾĸϼ֮ǰú̸̸һӣĸϲû뷨
Ȼ翪ţȻŮ֮û̫ںδҸʱԼطúó̸һ½Ĳס
ڷͫʱʱȴͻȻоϵռˣ˵һ㶼ѡǳ嵭ɫǿƵĺɫЩڿԿơͷҲˣǳصĴڰ󷢡
û˳֮ʱľ֮ƣȴһºͣȼȻӢʮ㣬ȴڴڿԽܷΧڵġ
αװΪ˴һӡΪԺĸ˳һʱָͫ˼֣зı£ҲҪס
үǰӺˣӺ֪˵ּһǷǳԸšƻǰر
ͫЦˣּ˻б£ǮȷʵǲСˡ
ү˼
ȥȻҪȥˡͫЦţûλѧճͣһʣҼҵ׶Ǯ
Ӻ׸˵¢˽ߵĲ⣬Ψһľû͢ߡӱŰϢֵǰճʿʧּҼʧ˺óʱء
ûдճٽĻͫʡ
ȻˡȻ˵ţֵּΨһһľλС㣬˵СŶʮ꣬ʧһ̫
ͺãͫϣλСζƼʧȻͫԼҲᣬҲ֪̫ڼﲢǺ£ʧһΣĥһЩһʮҲһʮ˴ȴδжԷмٵľĥ
ҾͷͫԼ˵λСܳͶˣҲδΪáһûְүʵ̫ˡ
ֻǻδӺݣͰѺī˻ͫǲ⣬ӦǸʵˣȻͷ˻ԺīĵͫͰѺīҪһ͵ģֻǳԷʱֻīߣȴ
ͫףСɾȷʵûʸһò֪ͣҪ󣬻ǺīԼ̫ʶ塣Ƿͫûֹĵ׻ûһá
ֱͣͫúīޣ澻֮ʱֱͫʣûΪɡ
ûУ˵ûҲ֪ϰף֪Ҫദ԰ȥϸϸˡīشֲ䣺ӴУүһྴ
ǳĻīӦòǼٻȫûѹīıҪʱ̫ȻǳʶȤ˳ͫʣû𣿡
īҡͷֻתֻ˵ҪףûҪ˵Ҫǲף˵Ҳû˼
ͫЦˣʣعҵʲô𣿡
Ҳûʹʲôֻ˵үŮǰٰݴ󽫾ī˵š
ͫһ仰ȴֱص㣬ѵںīĿҪһӣƿ͸ǵĹϵҲΪãٵĸ
ԥһӣͫǵ֪ˣЩˣȥúϢ

 28 

ٽɽׯ˳ͫЦŶǽõ԰ˣϸ
𣬾ȻƼСһúÿ΢Ц
˵ҪúÿӺһ졣ͫʱ̸оʹŶλӵκȫӣûκε졣ͫеֵһӶиŵĽֳϽӦøţֹֽһЩΪֻһ·ȴδˡ
ڴǹߣϾûʽɻ飬ڿ˷ΧԶǿͣ˵ˣﾰҪ죬˭Ҳö˵ʲô
ͫ÷ǳ⣬ʱܶ飬԰ճһ𡣶ҸҪֻ³ʱһ䣬Ｚ˺⣬Żķǳڴ
Ȼʱ䣬ˡɽׯ֮⣬ﻹ΢ֱӵȥʹʱֻŵôû⡣һڴؽ˵£˭еΡ
ͫ˱棬ȷԸ˵ԼȴǱ³ţƻӣкīһ
ĸӺݽϹ˰Ҳûͫİȫ̫ģﲽӦϰģŪ书ֻ͡Ҳҵҳһţܲӡ
ǺīƺʲôðЩ֨ĿͫǼ죬ӵиطܸȤȥ
ͫѸʡ
īСԺ
ͫһѣüģ룬ӲɡȻˣֻͫǷԸȥӺļԺģСĵ㣬֪Ҫ֪ˣȥ治զá
ү磬ļҼԺῪšƻԱС˵š
ƻĻǺеһͿӭҹļԺӺݳϺνӺݵһ֣ʮСʱȫԺСѼǣּϸڡرʱ򣬷ͫôһûӦ
˵Ϸ÷û뵽ﵽǶƴˣپǻûͨӪҵĵطҵطھҪȥץˣĸһȥī·ûлӽԺ֣ȻҪڸ˵¡һˣԷͫӣīСɾŮҲϸء
žŵ˱ǣһʱͫеˡһԣŮ÷֮ıȽ϶࣬Ҳõģ١
һͫž֪ǹˣŵĺīʱȴҽСѼ˧УҲУֻǼۺˮƽīûС
ҸλӾͺˡͫ˵ţֵҪˣһԼ㡣
˶࣬ҲãڰһõĶࡣĸ£ͫƻʹ˸ɫȥ濴
ֻƻͽŸߣͫλӾͼ̧ͫͷȥȴһһĸߴŮӣһףȫİģֹȴмϤ
үʶ𣿡͵ͳ
ͫһﾹȻ
ʵҲǺܺõ̸طЦ
ԼģͫʣȻī˵ԼԺ
һһɣұҲ￴֪һеķǶȾֵط˵ţ֪һҵķٳ̶ȾҪȥĺġڷͫ˵Ӻôã֮֮ҪľҪ˽ҡ
ͫǳ˳飬һΪ䡣
ҾҲطˡ˵š
ͫԡ
⣺ĸūĸ𣿡
ƻͽĸɸҵģӣҺͷǽҵġͫ˵ţͣһֲ䣺ӣҺͷѸΡ
ĸҪǾΡҡͷֵû뵽߳ԼСɾ֮⾹ȻĸûУȷʵܺá
ͫȴǱ仯ǧջûʱīˣĺƿ
ƽ𣿡ʡ
һƬͣĸܺáͫ˵š
ףһλʵʱǷͫĴ鷳Ҫ֮ʱ
νǲ̫顣ܽᡣ
ӦûС
ͷȻһһԣҪ˽ңȻȥõԼҪģʱ仹á
˵ʷŮ̫Ů֮⣬ĸȽܷͻȻֻī˵ʷŮŮȴ˵Ȼ
ֻ÷ͫˣֱֻۿͣһֵʷŮһ󣬸ܺá
ЦΪûʧ͵顣
ͫ
ֵȻȥһɡ
˵ȥֻ·ͫһ˾̾Ȣһʲôֿ̾꣬ͫīҴûѹǣЩУֻڡ
ףΪүЩʲô·ǳˡī˵š
ͫ̾Ҫºīˡ

 29 

ͫɽׯճһ磬ʵҲзʱһ飬ϾҪˣ԰һ⣬˵ʫ֮Ĵһʱ䡣
ֻͫʫеͷ󣬲ģźīһӣ˾Զˡּ˶Դ˻ҲǻӦɳﵱȻǿҵõճּҵŮҲ㡣
ǰī˵ճʫֿ˲Ŀʵеġεıָǲףżʫīͷʫͻ͵ʱЦŵҪСһɡ
ּ˵ĺ£Ͱ԰ͫճԱ˰ӣīӶûţֻԱվš
Ե߰˰ˣ̾ǰֻںʱ򣬾ǰû뵽ҾȻܹʵҡ
˵ţﻹתͷĿͫ
һۿķͫ̾ǧȴòϣʹ˵ǸˣҲԿԷΪ塣Ͷ㣬۲תʹһ˵飬ȻԸչֵʱ򣬱ڣϷʱ
ҲǱҡͫЦŵ
ֵ˵˽ܵ飬СĲ֪ʵ
ճͷˣʫֻŶŮҸͶŶԡ
⣬ͫЦϾҪƶˣС㲻һ𣿡ʱ㣬һҪԵˣճڼŵľڵ
ȻƶɼҪƼЧӦҲǳҪ˵ճ֮Ůľһݣܶһȥˡ
ȻֻճЦĸ·ʣֻСŮʵڡ
ЦҵСͦͶԵģҪǲϾʱСԵ
һ仰˵ճǰһһ̼֮Ů˵μӶʱסһ£ⶼҫ˵ˡλɲȨƵģǵʥóŮ
ͫȴ΢΢һڣȻջֱӵЩҡˡ
ԱվĺīŵǰʱСйһ֮ԵʱСνѧʡ
ճ¶һ˼飬ֻСŮӵСʶú˼Цˡ
ͫ΢Ц˵
ճ˵ǮѧãѧǵطʵģȻʵġȻձ׼ѧϰݣԺν跽ճĹ۵㻹ҪãǴ뷨ͫǷǳġ
ճʵСŮӵһСʶּҸһȻ飬Ϊʦϲ徲ԾԼԺеΣÿ֮ʱкܶƶҵĺӸϹΡ
ʦƵˣߣʱ򻹻óԵкǡʱʦͺܸ̾Ķ˵Ȼ͢ƣǶƶĻᶼûУôȥԣ˵һ죬ȥˡ
仰˵ķͫĬ͸󣬶ƶʴûиȻͬܣмѻᵽ֡
˵˼䣬ʱ治ˣټϷճ¡ͫſճ𣿡
￴΢Цڲ֣Ժ᲻ࡣûע⵽ճ˫ݵۡ
Ͷ߶ͫ˵š
ʥ֮⣬ĸȫģе޲ߵãв޵ҲáЦţֲ䣺ҪǿҪôáԦ֮ѧʣλߵı޿Σ㻹ҪҸ㲹Ρ
˵ţʱ䲻磬ϢˣҪ·ͫҪȴͻȻڽֻһŵ𣿡һıݾ͸ڹżˣһ㣬ĸϳģġ
ͷ£ȻС¥ϵƣͫżֻ㱣ֻ͵ͳ𣬼˵Ц⻹ʲôĸ̾ȻֻһӶ
ôõʲôţջǱԭͣһʵʹֻǲ벽߾ߣûб
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDָߨDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
صǼµףȰѽʹȫվͫͣǬֹʱ򣬷ҲڣĸŮ˵ЦͫԪʵЦŶԷĵҾ˵⺢ӻˣȻȽ
ͫݵĸϰ
ţ˲ĲԪʵţһ·ڼûһӣԷͫ˵治ס
ͫϲЦţǵȻˣĸϽĲҳ
ӭΣǰֻǿʱǱŲˡԪʵЦţֵûʧɡ
ͫɫǹŹȻ￴Դ꣬ое㳬ˡ
Ԫʵɫ˳˵ʲôһĻó겻ݵģҲãҲãȢ˾Ȣˣúڼﾴš
סͫЦţƤЦֵֻĸ˵䣬ûڣִ֪ġ
šԪʵЦ
ʱȥˣҿ
ͫǰȥ֣¿ȥ꣬ʶ𣿡
ʶôһ㳤ȤʱӺݣһ˼С㣬˵һ˼Ļͫ˵ţǷҷҲڣžеˣĸҲô
˵ӦʰѧӵطѧȻƼٰѧԼͫ˵š
ͫ嵭仰ԪʵۺͷĶһ£Ԫʵһ˫ƺ´ŷͫͫȴֻЦ
ǷĽӻǺȤ㻹СҲˣ齫°ɣʲôҪҰæֻ˵
ǡͫӦšҲַĵķӦؾδڳְ͢Ҳ˵ĸϲϣڳ£˽鳯ĸδػϲİ⻰ȥǲ岻ء
ˡͫ˳
ֱͫ˳ˣĲŵĸϻǾͫڳ͢𣿡
ԪʵۿԼİŮʣ𣿡
ĳĬıνtھһҲ⻧࣬ԲǣڵķͫԼЩʲô
Ҫ뷨Ҹְ
ηĲŵлĸϡ

 30 

ڷͫؾǰͶģͫҲûϸʣ̫ҪȾǴĸˣȻδǹ£ΪǣϸڻҪȥġҪˣĴù
񲿸Ļų̱ģ治һģһɾڽϣй񣬹֮ǹ硣һ컹꣬ȻǼ񣬼硣
ֻǿӷͫ͸ҿ϶ŪˣͲҲȥһȫϣͫҲŬŬŬİѻϸ׼׵
ڻǰһͫͣٲúϢһ£źȦĸϻֱӳ
ͷһֱ˯ڶ죬ͫƻʱ㾫ʮ㡣ȻͫΪһүװʱǳ࣬װڷͫ˵ͷһΡͷķͫͷƤˣƷƷѹķͫеͷʹһеܡ
ͷ˾·һһһ㣬ȻȻŮ±鷳鷳ͫʱˡ
һСʱͫǴϣҪ˷ȥվȻ˽й
ȻȥӵʱҲûôףһ㶼٣ǹȻ˵ĻݼһˣһŰݣ˵ͫ˽֮ʱٵĺ
ǹٺ֮ǰͫȴԾ̧ͷȻ֪޷ǳʡȷʵ˧ˣȻǽʽһɫ£ȴȵһμ֮ʱʽࡣ
ͷڣﲢ࣬Ǵ￴ЩƺҲر޵ˣ˼֣꿿£
ϿҲˣмֻӸеº͡ԴӽλʵĲʵһֱվΨһһ¾ԼʫȥݼǵһãϣԺҶཻʫʡ
ͫ˵ʱСһѣְյһģͶҲٳ߾ǹԳһȦҲʽ롣
ֻҲ֪ǷͫеĹϵٰͫõɾ䡣ͫȴ޷ãĲ˵ã书Ը߰࿴Ŷǳ˳ۣ㶺ͳצĴèС
ͫﶼãǹٵʿûͣ£һ˲ʧûȻͫͽӵﾯĿ⣬ͫ˼ҲܳӵģǴ飬ڻһӣǴĶԲ
վ꣬ͫǣ˷ͫķ졣˵ǰʱһǲܹȻǣֵģмҪκ񣬵ԽԽʡ£ֱϳˡ
Ŀĵǽǹ񣬴ҵĺƽԶϻȫϯ㣬Ҳһ
ղʲôأ˳ϣ￴ͫʡ
һˡͫ򵥵Ļش
ˣʡ
ͫϽҡͷֻеͶҪˣ֤ĺܿ죬ָ̫ʻʼˡ
ʱһǺҪˡ˵š
ͫЦˣڳԴף
ʸ𣿡һ˼Ŀͫ
ͫԾÿЩףʣǵһν𣿡
ЦˣһʱҪڴʣһʵش𡣡
ֻͫһۡ
Цұ֤»֮ҹʧ
ͫһۣѿˣ׻Ǳַȡˣ繻ţвҲû˼ƽϣҲʹһɣ˵λǺ洲飬ҪҲҪ̫ˡ
ʳſʱ˴ӷҪӣ̧˲ǰСſʱ˲СǷ
߽ʱͫȻеˣǳŵסˡһȴһ󲻼˿Ҳǣؾ֮ЪţӦõġ
һݣȰݴٰݽȫߵǷͫȥҲЩˡ
ڹ꣬ǹٺɵʱ򣬷ͫﻹ˿ġλ˾ͱǬֹϢ滻·ϾҪˣžǴ磬ңнʹšλ˵ҪǾƣҲҪһ𾴡
ͷжһЩϺصҲģͫûųɿ뿪绹һᣬͫС˯һᣬֻǸձɻᣬ߾
ֻھܲ𣿡Цŵ
ڴ֮ǰҳȥӭ˰꣬׼һ£ҿɲĳЩվšͫ۶û˵š
˵ⳡ㻹ͦĵġЦš
ǵȻͫ˵š
ЦϷƵһŵͫߵǴġ
ۣͫ£˲ʣģ𣿡
͵ġЦţֵģҼˣҳԳʣһ顣
ͫ鴤һ˫۵ܻ㣬һˡ
ֻûȷͫڣй㻻ˣúüͣٺúó԰ɡ
Ȼȷͫʱ򣬾϶ʱڣͫĵһȢСɾȻģֻһ¾ˡȫǰ޹˵׳ֻۣȴҲѷͫſڵˡ
ӹʱֻڣֱͫϡЦע񷨡
Ǵ鼺ɣⲻʧ񡣡ͫ˵ţͷǰͷٴȷȷʵҲáţͲԾ̧ȥ
ҲûֹֻЦ㲻ﶴɡ
һ仰˵ķͫ˻õĳƣû뵽˽£ЦҲǸֵ֣ͦ
ſڣ³ʱ򣬷ͫǱģȻһ¸÷ǰﻮһжΧѹǲģͫҲһӿ
ͫ˵ͷһ䣺ȫ⣬ҪϢ
Ϊͫδڹ£ﵹûôڣһĳɻ飬һ񣬾ǺīﾴǱ衣

 31 

ȻͫԸȫ⣬Ƿͫзǵʱ򣬺īڡСɾҪǽҪ֮ǰ֮ʱҪææ⣬Ҳˡ
Եͫʱ򣬺īҲһλжװ̺ͫīС̶̷
װÿǺÿʵ̫ˣͫ·£ͷɢʱ˿ͫ˱һͫͳ˿㣬ڵϡﵱȻҲһԵĿģֻǵڶƻʱ򣬷ͫЦĳЩ˲˵ͳԱڳôʲôֻһ㣬Ǻޡ
̧ͷЦôһ뷹Σûû£´ļױүġ
һ仰˵ķֱͫ
꣬ʰãͫ˽ȴԸˮϴ衣
ǡվŵĺīӦš
ϴԡ豸൱ҲһľͰ￴ʱֱҡͷʵ̫󡣡ǰվʱҲǼľͰû뵽һȻҲִ
ͫЦҪʲôȽ뷨ȥִУȨˡ
ȴͻȻʣǰ˭ģ
ƻͽӡͫš
ﵹһȣһΪǺˡ
ȥţ١ͫ˵ţʵĳ˵īܼҲǳʣֻһֱīֻǹޡ
ޡе˽⣬ֵ쿪ʼһջعܼȨȻˣ
ͫеɣīҲԿ϶һúīܼң;Բٷźīߡͣһ£ͫܼȨ㲻𣿡
иҪҪ˵ţܼС»ֲ
ͫ⣬ֻǵôǳէȶһƷ粨ɡ
ҵ룬ֻʱ䲻ˡ˵ţʱ쵽ˣϿŮǲ඼ҪˣʱЩʲôҪȵˡ
˵·ѵĲ࣬ͫСҪľͰ̾˵ʵҶС治̫Ȥ
һ˵ķֱͫԽȥֳסľͰԴͦصүһġ
ȻֱҡͷС̫ϸƨɿǲ
仰˵ķֱͫϽֱˮλͻȻһֱˤˡҲŽľͰ˸ոպãֱԣͫƤҲָҲá
ﵹ̶ֵأô̺
ϴʱϲԱߡͫ˵š
ǺīأʣʱīӦڳġ
ͫͣһ²֪ô˵ãȴʵ»֮ҹѵϲīڳ
ȻһĹ֮˵򣬼Сɾ棳СҲǳ£ܾͫб֡Ϊûīԭ
ȴǿֻͫ뺫īе֣ˡ
ͫԣ֪òÿһ䣬۹治
Сɾ𣿡׷һ䡣
ͣһ£ΪԺĳں죬ͫʵʵҳµʱȢΪֻǹޡ
ԭһȻ飬ֻٿͫƺһ˿˿ĳĵһֻԣԺӦòмơ
ͫѪͻȻһ£ǿ÷ǳ˳ĻȻѪЧ
һͫҲʼʣأûʽҾͲƽˣֻһ䣬ǰʱûף
һԾڴֻҲ٣Ȣ˻ӵСɾģ෴ĻӿһЩŮֻҪֵ̫ѿҲһֻһֻۡ
лŮ㿴𣿡ǳȻ˵š
ͫԣǻݣȻ顣Ȼ˵лŮ㲻ϱ⣬԰˵ȻĴŮˡ
ϴϴ˾ͳ˵ţԼȴȳü·ϣȻһ
ȷͫʱֹڷͫϡȷͫߣɴ˱ͫߣͫһ漴Ц󡣡
ֻЦ㻹С˼
ԡҵмһȣȻһĹ涨үԡʱʹû̶ҲҪվһЩԸŵľǺīСɾ飬Ҫ̺ס
ŷͫ߿ųʱһȺվŵ̶ȫͷīȴûУֻǿšֻ۷ͫûע⵽ͫһֳֻ棬һֻȴȦĲӡ
·ʱ澻ڣǸͣ۵ͷˡ··һƬɫЩۻ̫ϲɫ
ѷͫ￴ϵľƵˣнơ
ǰȷʵǲˡͫЦȨⱲӹҲͺһˡ
˾ôĲԲǰӵЦȽн𣿡
Сͫ˵ţصûȹʵүȢڸģֻǹ£ڹġϵģص֮Ҫһ飬ͫһ۾ֱӻˣҲͱڵľ棬ûϲţ֪ôȡ
ЦЦӣһ˫ɫӿͫǾףǺ졣
ͫҲֻþٵñӣ졣
ײȻһͫе̾ԼƽһιҲΨһһνƣȵĻǡ
ֻǷͫշ¾ƱＺ§ߵˣʼɡ

 32 

Ǹ֣հͷʱ򣬷ͫͷǳ϶ḻַʮʱҲ̶ڻǲ֪˶ټ
ͫȻȥ׷ôģֻǰĿСһֱڡû̫оȻһ󲿷Ϊ߲û̫ʵˡ
ҵ۾ŵ𣬴һɺȣֱǡ
ɫȻ֪ǼٵģͫҲмġԾס
ڴϾҹƣʱ򣬷ͫȴƫƫû˯⣬˾šͻȻʷͫΪʲôҪʵۣ
ûҪʵۡͫЦ
ΪʲôҪ
ΪҲ
ɻЦﻰﻹһ˿ȻΪүǼǳΣյ飬ֻ뱣ΪĿȥȨǾͻĸ졣
ͫԾòͷﻺĵһȨ֣һͿױ˵ˣָоҲ㻹᲻һᵽѷ֣Ȩ˱׷𡣡
ͫĬҲĻһĵӾtͫҲδ̵̶ֳȡֻҪȥȨֲ̫ͫȷ̫Ů̫ǿ㲻Ը֣Ҫĸǽ㣬£Ҫȥ
»ڼȨģͫ۵ʱļҲǸС¡
簡΢Цк
硣ͫŹǷûеүڵģúϢһ¡
˵ŷͫҪ֮˯ˣǡС̶ͫȫǲƽϵģĳ˵ڰèķΧֻǵȺī߹ʱ򣬷ͫЩˡ
ǺͿˣͷϣīҪ̺ġС̷ͫӣǵī¹ʱ򣬷ͫе顣
ԳƺīӦǸӣ̺Լ״̬£ͫһ˵ĸо̧ͷһСǼ̺´ãͷ
ǰͫī˵ĺףīԱܿ񷨲Ǵ񣬺īȴˡһ£ͫҲûܾɺī£ֱЬӴãīŵͷ¡
ϴԷӶʰϣͫٻ½ͷһΣҪʽ븮˴кģоСɾ衣
ν裬СɾݵĿ϶ŵСɾŵҪߵ򾴲衣Ƚŵʽߵ׾衣
Ȼ˸С̶ѸٰīҲƫŽƻֶ̹
ղҵ飬ͫЩڣīֻǰͷСɾ밲
š΢Ц
īŰѲ˫ͷ£ֵȲ衣
ӹһڣڱϵ𡣡
īԶվ
ܿƻѴүʱ͵ǰЩֵġ
꣬˿ڼ򵥣񲢲ֻ࣬ǷЦŶƻܲүôӡ
佱ˡƻ˵ţʱʹЦҲܸеһĪѹ
ī˲裬ƻʱ»ͷһĹǽȻʱ䡣ͫȻȥ˯һúϢһ¡ǱīϤ
ԷʱүȻһﲻʷͫǴүӾô𣿡
Ȼ޵ĺܲﲢڼ￴԰ӵˡ
̧ͫͷôôޣˣʱ򻹿ȥԡȻҪ뵽ϵһ¶ԣҲǿԵġȨǺǿģүֻҪ̫ӳֻ۱ֻۡ
мͣһʣ˵˵ɡ
ͫһµ̫Ůǿ󣬳ү棬үt׾ҽ㰲ĺظ̩漺޺ʵ
˵ظе档
ͫ̾ҽʮʮĴԼԭĽĶصľȨΪ̫Ůλ֮ǡĳ˵ⶼظľˡ
ȻҲˣһڻȨУͬĸͬ׽ø׽ˡֻϵķţҲ֪ݲͬȴû뵽Ȼ̬ȡͣһֵϺ㣿ԼŮȨҲ̫ˡ
ĸƫ㡣ͫ˵ʵ¡
㣿֣һϻΪϵĹϵרϵӣȻͬӦһͬʡοΪͫΪףһ㸸ĸȽƫСġ
ðɡͫ˵ţνĳ費Ҫ˭ȣүtȣĶ輺ܴˡ
ʱſĻ⣬ʣʷĳ̫Ů⣬
ү̩漡ͫţֵү̫ŮСһ꣬̫Ůǿ̩֡漣ꣲ̲꣬ʲôΪ
λүأʡ
ȺԲưɡͫ˵ţչأ»Ҫݼģ̫򣬻ʷ򣬻лŮǣһ򾡣
ֻǸûȵ»ݼڶʱϲһŮ
tͫ黹ǲģͫյ֮ʱǻϲܹôһŮtļͥΣǽˡ
ͫЦҺ

 33 

ǵīĽ廹мֽ飬ԷͫǴźīһȥģͫﹲͫķ죬īһСΡ
ү鲻˵ţΪͫӵϢϹȥǷͫѡȫӭһ·ϴģ˵ͫŵʱ뵽ˡ
ͫЦǰҸϵ¾ȥ磬һʱǱġ
ԭˡеףʣأǵ¾𣿡
ͫҡͷ˵ϲ½ǳãĸϾͰѽ㽻̫ˡʵľºĸҪģеǱʱӦǻʷϻӺ㡣
Ϸһ㶼İֻе㲻ףŮ֣صĽڻ̫СŮȴһȫûк̨ܳŮδ̫
ͫģﾹȻ֣ͦɻʮڲŮϣ̫򣬻ʷ˵λҲ񡣿˵˳ɻǴΣ⻹ֵһء
ʽ㣬ϲˡͫЦ
ֻԭϲùŮǺүtһ̬ɫЩ԰ף忴ҲûôáҲǣ˵ҲС£tһֱչЩҲ
ͬϲͬϲtЦţֵ߻ǱǸˣ飬ʽδܲμӡ
ûʲôڼߵĿͫЦţʱ򣬻ԱһʣֻүtûȻͫҲ÷ǳ֣ĸ϶û˵ʲôȻҶʡ
˵䣬ͫtʶtѵǸĻ˵һ飬ֻһЦ˵žҪŮֻŮ̫Ůݵ
Ｘ˶һ£Ȼүʮͷһӣһֱܸˡ̫ŮǴ֮⡣
æӭݣЦԼҽã̫ˣɡ
л̫Ů
˲Ÿtʱ廹˻ΣҪǷֿͫסŪᵹϡ
ЦŮҲˣţúϢ
ǡtæӦţɫȴһɡͫ˽Էͫ˵֮ǳ̫ŮǴֻǿһлû˵ôͻȻ
̫Ůˣtֻкӭˣ˲Ÿ¡Цû뵽ҲˣӦ˴ʳӣ
л̫Ůģһаáͷػմ鵱죬ڴ̫Ůйһ֮Ե
ͫǿĺǿҪ˵үǵڶΣְҵĻǵһΣְҵ̫Ůλȴ̫ŮλϡͷϿţүţһͻ֮ء
ĳλ̫Ůĺȣ죬һϸڶ׼ȷԷͫڵʵ˵͸Ҳܶࡣⲻ⣬ǾԴƶȣ̫Ůʮ֮񣱣꣬ľѵǱĲƸ
ͫûУһֱöṳ̂ҪǷͫãʵҪǳ꣬ͫ㹻ʱ䣬ͫҲϣҪãʮ֮ڻʵۼݱͫҲҪȥˡ
ЦŶԷͫǧҪίˡ
ͫЦòңԻõȢ򣬼󡣡
ʽ㵹ǵڽǷǳλģӿԲμӿƾ٣ӿԿ꾭̣ӿޡʹ翪ŵĴҲͣһ£ﻺֵڻҲлλ̳ȨȻŮ¡
һ仰˵ķͫɫԱˣ֪ǿ󣬵һֱΪڸĳŮĽȻԣɴԶޱܻôҲ벻ȻĹأҲм̳Ȩ涨֪ǿƵˣõֻеλ
лӼλǾ䲹䣬޻Ů²ֵӡֻʳǿΪ֮Ȼǳ͡ɱԼõʱ۾գһ¡
ȴȻɫ䣬̧ͷ̫Ů΢Цǰ¸ʱ򣬻еӦˡֻǼһû뵽仯֮󡣡
ᵭһ仰ȴѻ˻ͫҲѸٽӵԺøע⣬Բίҵ
˵ţͫһˮĿҲЦſüĿ飬Ǻò
ӴĵͦɡſЦһ䣬˶ȥ
tɫȴǸÿǰѦ̫Ůټŵģ̫ŮͷҲ⻹òˡ
̫ŮĺѦµ
ѷķЦ˵˿
ҡĵͷ˵š
Ѧĵλ˱仯ҲΪǵĵղŵĻҲתˡtСĲȴѦЦû뵽ѦӾȻҲˡ
ѦЦʱϲѶһ
ǳƽĻֻȴļλе㾪ȡ¹ŮţһǹһǽãѦָͲܻϲѦŷһϢľͿ֪ͷһ䣬ʱ򣬾ٴˣҲѦ˯ˡ
ֻǾţͣtöе磬ɫԳͫɴЦϴҽʱ򣬻̫ҪΪҺ飬Ļ¾͸ðˡӶ𣿡
ͫϣѦҵԳɹģʹԼԸЩǿ϶ġ
ע⵽ɫƺڷͫ⣬ûлشֻѦЦˣ̫򼺾ˡ

 34 

ݼοεҲ˵ͷһһŮȢһӣʱ򲢲ࡣ
ټŮν˫ϲţͫﵽʱ򣬹ҲǷǳ֡ȥȻǴȰϣ̫򣬻ʷˣоǱȽ׽Ļҡ
һ˰밲ϵĳǵȻҲǰģ̧ͷʱй̹ﻹӵʱˣñЦ
ְ̫ѴϵʱͻȻе㵣ģΪīġλȻƽͣüȴһ˵ƣҪܺƽദãҪǲܣīǰǡ
ԪʵҲЩģȻĵ̫ȫͬǰ￴ʹ˳һʵݲǷǳûеġ̾˵Զˮ·̣ϾսĿԣƽĽͨҲǳѡ
һԶˣ޹ʣһЩˣĿĲԼĵλܵҡҲԼĵĹͷˡ
ڴȰ˳֮󣬵ڶĿĵؾǶǳƽȻֻǼ񣬵Ҳһ㶼á
зȥʱͫеţȻһԴ̫Ů˵ѹһǷ˵Ļˣ˿ͫɲΪ֪ˣǡˣȻ˵˵
Ӧɽ򻢰ɣϵҼ֪òҪʲôҷء
ʱظ֮󣬷ͫҲ̸⣬ȴǸһĵЦǰڽ̵飬ûס
˵ֻǷͫﻹЩԴȪﱾˡһǿӣõȨƵķԲֻԼҲֽ׶Ǳ룬ԺأûжſԼԦһӡ
ʲôأͻȻЦʡ
㵽ҪʲôͫԾÿһʼȨΪĿˣʹһʧܣ²ţĿή͡
Կ϶ǻλƺ˷ͫ뷨
ͫٴοͫҲе϶δлʵۣ˵лʵۻǴңԶĽĺ׵ġ뷨˵¶ĸϸоһ㣬ɱᣬǳܻԶеĳµȥ
ڶſͣʱոպãݹͷүȫϯȻӣʵڲš
ߵ̫Ů̫Ů̫ͫŮ밲Ǿ񣬲ǽ
𡣡˵š
ͫȻͫ￪ʼ̫Ů̫Ůʼһ·̩ܵ˵һ㣬Ҳһ̣Ȣ˷ҶϤһ¡
οصȴǳүʷĵڶŮڵ߸ŮҲŵڶλ˵УҲ˻ʷϵı뺷ʹճŮʲô±⵹һرڡû̫ŮԶΪŮʹλҲҪ
绪̫ŮͬүоͨȻҲ̳˷Ҵͳķۺñȣʵ㲻̫ɫԵùࡣ
밲ľþɳȴɱͬϸԵйɾǧ֮Ӳһֱڹϡүǳġ
ﵽ֮󣬾ýʹŴ̶˵˵ֻȰһ㣬ֻгһСɾϥֻһӣȫСɾŮزۡ
ʷΪشȴܾ˵ҪŮҲǿ󡣻ʷҲֿţ̩үŮ̸
һλүȴǼɫģʮһʮꡣڱѡõԪʵʶǣΨףڹԱҲƽԴ۾ƷĹԱǿƶĹԱһͬʡ
үĶȻԼ׽̫ŮҲ˵ΪĴڣ̫Ů·ߵĸ˳һһǷˮ𣬶ԳӰҲͿ֪
ڻʷСŮ̩漣ͫ˵ģڿԺԲơ˸ӻŮȽ϶֮⣬ûκȻҲ٣޴Ԫ۶ôһŮҲǲܲʣȴȨ
һȦͲзʱ䣬߽ٴθԳгȥȰӳ룬һԲ
ֻǵ˴ȰʱѦȻҲڣͫףѦǴŽѻڶͫȴЦ͵͵ŷĵ·㣬ҪȢѦ˰ɡ
ɫȴǵģһĸ˵һ£ҪҪӶ
ͫȴŷĵ㣬еνʵѦͦģҪϲ㡣
ͷҸమǲףѵѦ飬ѵˡ
֪ȻֵߣȷʵҪһ򡣡
㣬ôл𣿡ͫЩ̽ԵţԷڵķӦڸѦĻ²̫ϡҪһԼϲӳȫ
㲻ֻǵһ䣬;ܾͫ⡣
¹ȻԲ˳̫ģԪʵȻЩÿҲûԡڻʷɫ͸ÿֻûзԵ
ֻǰ񲿹Աӵʱȴֽ¾ȻûкӣĺѦİֶЩϣҲʮһ·ݡ
̫ЩʧӦҪȴȢ˽Ųǰ϶ȥֻ»бʡҲֻõʮһ¾ʮһ°ɣȰӶ

 35 

Ƕʮ³ȫŮĶ硣Ϊ˿Գɼ֮⣬ƼҲǳҪ߿ݣ徭֮⣬жʫĿԣǣ֪ʫҲȡúóɼ
ճĺʱ򣬷ͫ»ʮʱƻճСͫĵûﻶϲǸ߸˽Ӵճһ˷ְס
Ͼʱͫһ߶Ծɢͷһߵʵ˯˯˳ԣȫܸȡ
̫ŮˣҺôҲҪӡЦţͫǺô»飬ȻȺúùСӣȫ˿κεĳɹ
ͫȴǿһ˿ɻʲôûʹŻûߣԪʵȻ˾ͺúÿסǰڽʵͫǳ϶ʹš
ҾһĺףôҲҪ̶ģֻǵһԲûУֻǲ֪
Ȼ˵ţֵνǿѹͷߣο̫ŮҲʵڿˡ
ͫðŰɣͣһֵճʶϴٹʱĸϺͷǰѧ飬Ȼûĸ϶ֹ۵㲻ûб̬
ĸϴûҪ̧˼ǾͲýƼճĸҪøˣһͣĸǰ¶ڷ磬Ȼ֪˭ŪġҪòˣҲǲڽϲ̫Ϊճ
ﵹԥһ£漴Ҳá
෴ģīǳæΪ֮һνǾʫĴһεʫᣬڼһˣͬȻǰ³һΡмδϯǴΣʫᡣ
Ů֮໥μӶƵŮǣǸ취ʫȦꡣ˵˭ܵʫСһ۰ٱСӵĵ֮ѣ̫ߣԸ°ڻ¸֮ģȿ˭ƴĹ˵
ճȴǺܿˣīǿѡʹٿīճʫʱмֲ죬ûīӡ
Ҿеİʫ̾
īĬһ˶䡣
үӦҪ뿪Էߡ˵š
īҡͷҲ뿪
һ˼ĿˣһСԺһڼһ̺һŮˣҪġ
īȻĬŵãҲ㣬ûôʱȥԼҪֻһвʲôģûõ书Ҳûõļֻһֲᣬ粻ͨӶ
˵úɣ뿪ֻ뿪֮ҪôҪʲôΪȥһŮʲôͬ£ֻһ˲Ŀֲǳڵѹĥȴδܵˡ
ʵʹûκαʣҲֻǵ֮Ҹ˼Ҽ޳ȥԺҵļҷȻܻСɾҲпܱĸŮȥؾѦܻӭģֻѦһΪϣûС
ǰÿʫʱ򣬶ٹŮΪģҪѹס粻֪ҳʲôˡ
д꣬ƺҲûʲôãƽͣүͫǷǳǳѵúŮӡ֣ΥֻʵԸ⼺ǳѵˣѵõǷͫǿɫǾǳԸ
Ȼ˿ηûΪҲ˵ҪĸͲһŮ˵ĸĶ裬Ҫĸࡣ˵ȫûͻˣԺҲΪ
ںѵĻشģֻΣ̾˵Щʲôȴ˵ڡÿ˶ѡʽȨʹϵٺãҲûа취ﺫīѡ
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ֻǿճһֱۣʣѧ
ͫԹ£ǷͫǰһμӶƵľӴˡͱʾͫһ˦ֲܵɣټճҽʱ˵Ӻʿӭ״Ӻݴ˭֪飬һ𲢲ѡ
ǡճӦţҲŰ񻰳ģֱһλӢһ鲻ܲ
ڸȻֱӰƼȻ˵Щһֱھӣڳ͢ϵӰǴĶࡣ
˵˽ѧ飬ûоĹ滮дҿ𣿡š
ѧдճ˵ţֵѧȡ
˵ճԱ߰ȡһڣ˫ַڷġĽӹֻǴԷһ£ͦθվɾ࣬Ƿǳдġ
ܺãҾϸ˵ţճֵ˵СʫʷҲ衣
ˡճǫ
ѦҿСסٽȷʵܺáȻֺʱܱƳһԭǺīƵģǲġ
Ѧ˵ŲĿѦˮƽǼģ޾ãˮƽӦòˡͣһ£ֶճү»飬ﵽЩ㣬ҪСԸ⣬ȵҸס°ɡªЦ
ճϲᣬᣬҴѵһĺŮѧоͶ£ʵڻ̿֡
ֻǵҪ̫ˡ
漴йճʳޡֱ˿ˣֻ£ģͫѦˣѦŵû뵽ֶһʱ򲻶ˣһֱûĲΣһѧӵľʵ֡
ĸ뿴˵š
ĸϾô϶ѧһϿһζƼ㣿ͫʡ
Цڲĸϵġ
ͫԣֻ̾мֱԹĵȻĸôȤˣΪʲôֱҪˣ
ĸͫһοЦݣֵĸһֱ̫СˣҲֻ̧һ̧˸¡
ͫҲмеĸһֱ̧ǸϣǸá
ֵҼĸΪ˲£ƹͲڼˣ
ͫ۾һæʣĲģֲһвɡ
ĸû˵Ӧòв˵ţĸϲ˷
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֪ͫ˵ţֵĺˣµġ
ĶЩЩСҲû˵ʲôḺ́һִ󲢾Ḷ́˲ҪҪᲹ̣Ҫ֪ںδ´βҪٴ
𣿡ͻȻš
ͫе㲻׷ĵ˼ͣһ²ŵܺѽһֱڸϢǴӽ̫ԶˣһֱûϢ
šӦһȴûģƺ˵ʲôû˵ꡣ
ͫʵֱӣΪʲô𣿡
ûУֻϰߴˮͫ˵š
ͫüʱ̫Ů˵ǻʱȻĲڣؾǹ˵ģľǺ֪Ҳ֡ȴͻȻȥԷĵԸҪ֪£Ӧûģڷû
Ƿȴƫƫû˵ѵĵ˼ǣʹʲôҲν
ȻֵֻϰԶҲ¡
ǡͫӦţＺˡ
УǰȢһСɾˣϲ˭һ㡣֪ģλԲίˡͫٴ˵ţǸ֪˵Ǿ档
ͫףףһ˳⣬ۺʱί
Ǿͺáƺ̾ЩĵԼ֪ôһλǺǲ
ͫһ£ʱѡʱ˷ģķǳ϶Ȣѵʱľ֪ϵˣȢôһǿʲô˼
ͣһ·ģֵճһĸƼҲȥϢɣʰһ½ҪǷͫͻȻһ䣬֪Ҳ¡
ǡͫӦţֵøˡ
ֱͫ߳ĵϲǲɫЩĵôһãȻ⡣
ҪǳƵۣȻ⡣ѦͻȻһ䡣
תͷɫȴȫ⻰Ժ
Ѧȴֻ΢ЦЦ֪ģ̫ŮǻɱɣΪʲô
Ҳ뵱ʵۡͣһ£ֵɱҡ
ô϶
ǡӦţֻȴûиղŵļᶨͣһֵҪ涯֣ˡ


 36 

ճ븮ס飬ܿŮ䴫䶯Ч֪ȻдΪ·Ӻʱճ죬Ƽʱ̤ĸۡǺεңټϺīճʫھС˵˶Կ϶ճǿ϶ġ
ҲΪˣīѦƳ̶ҲԽԽߣīСɾпܽλѦ͸ֱˣǰδ򣬵õ۸á
ڴʱͻȻĵˣʱֻǸźīһμʫᡣ﹫Ӵֹеģμӵĺܶ࣬һ֡ʱֻǿҲԼʫʵһʱ䡣
ֱī̬ʵ쳣ټĿе죬˻ȻԭһֱĹӾȻǽӣȻ֮ʱȴҲʶλʵںͰף˺˵Ҳǳϸġ
ʫ˵¥ֻṩ˳Ϊͼһֱ¥ϰҲûط֮Ҫ󡣲ͬдҲȫǰǹСʱһ㡣ڳĶһǰμӶƣǰ;֪ںηľʱ̬Ҳûôˡ
ûвˮ˼Ҫλ⣬ط̫áƺԴμ¥̬ҲˣҲɾˣֵʱڹܷ
Щ˾ǺˮľӲڿջΪ٣ϣЩΪ̲þϰϳŷƺҲõ˽ŮǵɼСֶӣڻ⻧ڵŮҲΪ˾Щ˲Ů
һʱŮʱλ߹ţȶӢӣõͳԵ˵ԼĿģʵֻǽһϰ߶һƣÿŮʱ򡣾ǵĹǶԾɶ飬Ůṩ㣬ʵֻӶϾҪŮһֹ
ƶвŮǴڵģǣڿƶǰⰲġǸõĹҷⱾ¾ӵڵжֻ廯ȻǳԺҲƽ͵󲿷ֶŬŮǴҵġҪĲֻ࣬Լ̶̷һᣬһʱ䣬óһǮڴǰĿ֣βȥء
ǳӽڹĶ˵ֹһεԼ΢ЦԼжԼȥһ㡣һηͫμˣǰķֻ˵ڵϡһֱΪĳ಻͵ģһټĳӵļ㡣ټǳԼ󣬰Լغ˵󷢻ӵ쾡¡
Ȼ󾩳ǵĹӸƺӲŮС˵ﾭᵽһ֡ǸҹӴȲŮϷǷǳձ飬лȥС˵ĸҹӣһѲŮȻԸġ
Ҫ治࣬ͷ¶棬ֻҪѾ̶һ£Ȼ־һӣֻȴᱻ¥¼ڰ߸߹
Ա䵽Ǯ¼ٵֵַֹ澡һʹŬȥĶĴҹӺ͹ȥںܶʱžȻӣҽȥҽЩڿջŮǡ
Ȼһ˵ͷ¶ˣǳº͸Ŷغףȴû˵Ļ
ϿŮõ˱ϣĻʵǮֻܱ֤ҩǮŮʫĳϣ֤״ͲˮӦоʾùϰṩŮϢҪϱð䵹ǲģӣΪ׼
ҲΪڣΰ涼ˣС͵ټ뿴ô໨Ůǳ˶֮⣬õ񣬾ǱϵͳȻһЩС͵С¡
ǿ󡭡Ͽ˯ʱֱֱͫ˵š
лл˿佱ȻºͶغ
ͫ˲ˣ״Ϸˣֻеܲˡ
ôﲻ𣿡΢Цŵ
ͫæҡͷ̫ȷˡ
ӽ£Ȼ£ŮΪֻڵľٶ治˵£ԮСԱǹټҹӵ̶ŮҪŮľǸҹӸǾģֻ˼סȴ
סĶݣסƣ˵Ϊ˾Щܶ˳涼˼ʶһλŮΪˣֻܴŮֻǷǳңСŮֻŮȴǮҽΣùϰϵͷʱҽġı˲һôСŮû£û£һжõġȻû죬СȫΪӰŮԣСŮ͵һũҼ
ƵıھǾȻ۹۹㣬һյӰǳ󡣻ʼҶƶ˵ǷǳңԶֻӵĴڣڽĻӣȴкгڮģǰ
ھǽ϶д˵Ĵ˵ˣʲôƴʦˣȴ֮ĳƺˡﵽŪö˵ǰĤݡ
Ȼ㣬˳ɹ㣬һеΪ⻹ǷͫһμʶǷģ޵սӢ۵ĳƺҲǳսеõģ˵ƴġ
ھǲߣͫʣͻȻ÷ǳܣҪûߣʱôץôɣ˵ǽʹͰǰϷ˵ϳ
Цû뵽Ȼ̧ңҽż죬Ҳ̫ˡ
ͫĬȻһ̫̾Ůһֱ㣬СĵɡӦûʲôĵˣɣſƲסһֱ̫Ůǿˣû뵽ﻹ̫ŮƤ¸ô
ң̫ŮҪǸҶʲôʧȥĻģ˵ҲΪôεĺסЦš
һ绪ŮӣҲڳǿ󣬵Ůȴٻע⵽ĶҲڵᱳйϵȨ干Σ̫ңԶ̫ŮֳֻŻλŮǺ¿ġΪûע⵽Ҫȥͳε㣬Ҳһ飬ⲿͶʺãõĻرܾˡ
ͫԣݼˣ׵ı£ܻһãȫΪһŪ˻Ҫ
ֹһ£ݾ͸⻯Ǵӻ˵δΣֻԼݸױܣҲ˵ĸɹôᵽѰ
ˣǰкҪá˵š
ͨȥύŮ𣿡ͫµ
ǵȻ˲ߣ̫˷ˣҵҲȻǳȻ˵š
ͫ̾Ӧ˽ģĸһֱϣΪòҪ̫ݡ ԺΣȫƿƵĸϣĦͼͼȥ㹻ʱΥʥ⣬Ȼʵ׾ɡ
ʵһֱҶ޷⣬ĸΪʲôĵ̬Ȳô̲ࣿסٴηʣʵǷǳûе顣
ֻˡֻͫ̾
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDָߨDDDDDDDDDDDD
һ죬ȫڿȹȻĩŰȫ֡پ޷ҲǽʿʱʿٻǷǳżģȴܶסֱ֮һܳ١ΪΨʿ
޷Ϊ˸ƶڳΪһȻҲھһСԺ˺͸ʰ£ϥһŮ
û뵽ǹٳϵĴСֱơ
ͫһֹۣҪǶûڿȥɱˡ
ˣһһƻ¼ȡˣʣж𣿡
ͫҡͷǸŮģֻܵ׼
մɣҪһûһ׼ģǾֱʿҲͱ׼ѡŷ˵Ǻ£Ա֤ʿˮƽ
ͬʱԪʵᳫԱе㲻ϣ뿴һƣҪǹ£ܻȡ˵һ¼ȡֻ¼ȡҲǼ֮ͿԵٵģҪԣԲϸһûʸ񵱹١ѡһΣ֮˾͸ˡ
ҪǰԪʵ۵˼һжϹԱ¼ȡҲУֵԪʵýʿ滻ŷӵܣ̫ˡ
ܸĹ𣿡ʡ
ةȥɷǳ㡣û㹻ĲΪԱͫһֲة߸ةΨһһʿġ
߸ةһʻ治һĵֵ̾͡ĸҪ涯˵ŷ˼Щ㶺ˡ
ͫĳ˵ͬ۵ġ
Ȼ˵Ҷǻ·ǻǺ̫Ů̶ֳȣһǾԲҪġĸ伺Сˣ̫ŮڳҲʮ꣬ĸϾٷһʱҲδļ˵ţڵı˵Ĵ󽫾ģλ⵹̫ŮҲڳʮ꾭ӪԹʮϡôܿ϶Լܻôã
ͫ۾ͣһµ˵ĸֻý̼̫Ůûз˼
ͷһ˵ĳɳҪ̼Ḷ́СΪ̫Ů븩µĵλλϳĺӣòס෴ģһΣմڣʱʱ̸̿Աţóڴһֽ״̬Ҫٽã̫ŮҪˡ
ͫĬһŵҾĸϻҽλĵҲĸ÷λ˼
Ƿ𣿡Цŷʣһ㽫Բһս赶ŪǹͬģһӢĻʵҲһֻ赶ŪǹĽ
ͫԡ

 37 

ڶƿʼĵڶ죬ٿҲʽʼһǴ̫ʵۿġԿ嶪Ĵ֮󣬻س֮һ¾ǿ١
ݰ䡢䡢ƽ䡢ǹˤȣȫб֣ȫ̵ȴǴ󽫾ġʹȥʱǳ֮٣Ҳ̫˽⣬Ȼʱ˷˵ô󽫾ھγɵɡȴԪʵЦһ䣺ǴԼȥ𣿡
ڵĴ˵⻼Ϊֵֹܵ˵Ҳֻλ
֣ͫȻҲҪȥԺڹȥġǶڹڿˣʵû
Թ䣬Ȼ٣ÿβμԶģǲ˵ˡ
еصҲרŵĵص㣬ǾǽЧһʼԳֻٿ֮ǰǰһȻҲͽˡо֮ͻֱӸλپˡ
Կʱ˵õʱһĿһ죬һϰͼǿϢʱ䡣
ɼͬÿĿĵӣԹ޵һ޵ڶһƿ꣬ɼҲͳˣŰٱҪֵĻҪر򳤹ٱ档ͳϣ¾˼ɻؼңºٽʽ¾˽ӵʱֻҪȾһѵģҪ˽棬Ҳ׹
Ž䣬֪ڵĿôһڿٴһյͫûǶģﶮ书Ҳǳ
һϲ赶ǹﵭ˵š
ֻ⻰÷Ŀ˹Ǿ˵ĻŮÿ궼ҪΧԴģҪγ
û뵽ڽ˽֮Цţֲÿ˻ŮǱϯȽ⡣
μ𣿡ͫ˼ʣԴҲҪȨȦˣֳͷʱڼҲš
μǲμӹҲֻӦӦ˵ķǳǫѷ
ͫ˵κһ֡
˵ıĶڿĳɼеüеĻǲһ㡣ֻϣļʧ
ɢҲҪȥСɨʷͫ⼸깦û°ɡ
ҡͫЦţȻ˵һ˵ոߵڳò󣬵νն಻ѹһˡ
ﵹǿͫЩȵү𣿡
߸Ůᡣͫشţ϶ʦңЩĸģЩҸġ
ǴĴͳ𣿡ʡ
ࡣͫ˵ţ̫ʵ۱Ҳһʦǻֵģ峯ʱͿʼŻ쳯ãȻŻžͳ˻ʵۡԺĽϣϰһ
⡣˵ţǾ˵Ǹ绪̫ŮҲָˣ
ٿԣֻͫȥͷһΣȥһ´ƶȣͫȥٵˮƽﶼˣҲܵڶˡ
߻һƾҪˣҪ黹кܶࡣ³ԣĩһŰмиľʱ䡣
һֱʵеľʵƣ׻治ѣľٿʱҲ᲻Ծ뵽Ůھ
ľٻȡ˽ƽʿ֮ҪѽʿԾһʥϣȻǰ׵ҪرϹĿ֮󣬾ͿԷŰˡ
ǰ׵УڷŰʮ󣬽ʿ棬ݻϲãԼʫġȻ⣬ʿڴ϶ʫҲǳҪЩڴ±ַǳõŮʹԱδҲһƸΪ١
ԿԹ󣬷ŰǰʱŮҲҪڵĿƶȶŮҪЩʵҪ󣬶ۺʱ٣λĶҪһ֡
ҪģȻŮ֮Щ顣ھĳʽʫϵõһȻīѦͬΪӣֻ˵ñȺīѦǿ
Ѧɣ鷨滭һƲӺܴһԴڴˣʫΪ֮ںīȻõͣȴõ͵ĶࡣҪڱ磬ڲŷǳ˵ãȥ£һѪȺī۸ķڷ
һͫ˵ʱ̲סһ䣺ѵŮȦûһѹλСӵ𣿡
ͫһҡҡͷ㿴ʫ֪ˣҲֹǲ£ָһŮȲˡ
ò;ʫȦĵλкīĹϵʽ档ȻյʱǸ͹ʽ⻹ͷһΡ
ñеᣬȻһֹеĹӸ磬ٴҲи޶ȡóܺãʲףֻһֱûκ˼ҸסȻ֪㣬ҲǷͫⲹ˵ģ˵ʱҲһЦ⣬ǳЦֻǾ÷ǳ档
ӡ¥óһغȿڡ
ʲôָ𣿡ʵĺֱӣɫҲǺܺÿﲢûкӡԭжһںī뺫īཻͻȻ享īǰ˵ūеʾͲ
ڶԭһֱʢҼŷӵܵĽǲͬһ˾ˣȴףȫ㣬ֻĺܳɹõԸȻܻкøС
ͻȻﲻ׵ǰΪŪһ㡣
ûʲôֻһֱӵĴȴԵ˺ˣֻΪǵһӵķòóһӵȣǫѷº͵˵šǰСɫƣһμǧ̸Ǿûлתˡ
˿ˣҲֻһƽ˶õ˵ţĻǲɣһ˼ҵŮӲ˵صĹҲеĻͨҵһϵ취һ档еڼżĸо
СӹǫˣҴشﲩŮ˲СӾж֮ѹסŮŷƽʵ̫ɷˡһЦ˵š
仰˵ɫ˼֣ȻһֱŮΪ𣬵Ϊж͸ñŮͼ֡һʫ߾ʫһ˳񣬴ԸԼʹ˸ǰһЩ֪֮ЦҲ⡣
ֻЦֵҸܶϰ׶ԭȲͬ˵ЦҽҲǿԿƣ;ġҪҴҲˣŽ¿״ԪСĪ
̧ˡɫƽ
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ߴĻĲ컹ǴڵģʫʷҲͬܶﳤֻǽĻ졣
Ȼһ̸һʱ̶ֱҪ˲ͣˡʱ̬ȼתܶࡣ
ñز֮ˣвܵ˷ǳءöĻ̬Ҳ̫ã벻̫ҶڽһЩʫʣҲǳȤ
²ʱһС̸һδ˵š
ҵ˵š
Ц뿪Щ鲻ļ֪ԼĵһɹˣһǳõĿʼ

 38 

ʫٴȴʼ϶ʫʵϲáǮŮڳؽȥǷʫĳλˣ߶ĳЩķϲá
еѶȣϣӿ̫ʵۿʼûһŮѧŮ룬ϵʱ޲ҪҪ̻ȨŮ޲λα
ͫЩʱҲֱҡͷȻǻʼңã̫ʵۻ֮ǰؤżһʦʿٺܻ쵽ΪʵۣȻսʵǳǿ󣬵ǶѧĲС
ԳƵ֮ǿ˶˻ŮĽʫѧãʵںڹλ߲ϲĻŮҲûȥѧ
Ҫ˵Ϊֹѧ̶õģӦǸ̫ܵŮҲΪҵĽԻʷϵĽλϻʷδȻãȴеѧ꣬ڻеѾ
ҾĸӦϲõʫͫ˵šȻûĸϿһʫĺãܸоĳ
ֻʣ϶𣿡
ͫҡͷֻǸԸƲ
õʫӢĸоȻжȴйŮӶܼһİΰ̳ľסơͺīסҹ衷ȫͬķȴǳ̳ϲķ籮
ȴЦڵò̳ʫһ١
þáͫ˵ţܱôѧôģ£Ƿݷǡ
ҾúкøСЦ
ͫ˵ķǳϿϡ
ȴͻȻ̾ǳϧĵֻϧ㡣

Ժ̳֣ﲢûв룬ͫȻ֪ԭǰڵ̫ڸˣôէؼĺá߽ʹҲûȥʹԪʵô˽ҪˡҪߣҪЩ顣
ֻվ߶Ȼǿȥģɰ˺ö˶̧ȥġ˿񣬴ϣʯ˵еһЩ˹ȥڻڴеʫɾʹӻȥ
ĿĺףһĻҲ˵϶ڴƳ磬ЩҲڴʲôĶǽҪһĴȥͫΪ֪˾ٴΪֻϿģԪʵ۰ӵԸ񣬳ɹʼǰٷְ١
ŰϿ˵Ǿһ㣬Ȼ˵ǷŰ񣬵ʵָĵİѽʿܺϸ֤͵ŮڵסҲΪʱһȺŮ쳤ӿš
ͫҲȻҲ͵˶ڵȽһжˣɶ˭ʿЩһ鱨Ҫ֪СΪˣͫͷԸ˷ѣӣңҪ׼ϡ
ʿŰǵģһʿŰֻǰġһص㣬˵ҲѡˣͬΪûĹλȴر
һƣһܶʮˣǰ׷֣壬Ӻճֱݳ塣ܽᡣ
ճˣͫüһϢ֮ǰճ̫ʢͶסڰ£һ˲⣬ټճҲ֮
ֻǷļճİѧ뷨᰸ϽϣճҪǴЩƫƫ²̼֮Ů¶Щһӵĳɹá
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֣ͫͨıҲڽŮвߣֻȴ͡濪ʣŮμľ𣿡
ܣֹġͫ˵š
˽أٲ
ͫһµ޷ү鲻Ҫ˵˽޷Ʒǿŵġ
ү鲻ԵеԾ
޷ֱͳɣ޷˲̫һɣֻ˵˽ã鹫¡ͫ˵ſɿϢӦóƷҲǷǳֵŵġ
۾ʵ»ݼʱڳͷǳӡˣһֱһһȴƿԵˣҲúúˡ
ʮ֮ĵԣʹ޹ְķͫҲǿԲμӵģյ״ԪǼǳŵ飬ͫûзȨǿԡʹ˷ͫʵĸŰһϵĵͫûгֻǴװ
첢£Ҳȫվã߿ճĴмλð˶ʮӣķı滹ӶЩͬλҲǰţǸλӡ˵ģϵ⣬дʫϣϵʱ
ͫûλֻǸŷһվţĴ󽫾λþٵһλǳɵģŵľ̫Ůͫе㲻ڣ뿴̧ͷͿĳˣȻͬĸãֻҪ뵽Ҳ˾Ҫʵò
ܿ¿ƾϵͫԿ䶼Сˣճֶʮµķνഺ١Ȼ˽ʿûˣϳ·ҲԼġͨװ㣬׾жһ˳Ρ
һȺľֱݳ壬ʮ䣬һɫһֲ¼ϴķˡ
ԪʵڷȻһЦ⣬ʵ¼ȡȴǷǳһŶʮǰǲܾ˵ģƽ˵ĿҲҪˢ֮һȫвŵ֮ʿίΣܲ˸ȱ
Ůϳһݼⲻ˵ģȻϴϵ¶õźãԪϸһ˵ĿҲһǳͳĿɽΪдʫһס
ʱΪһ㣬ŮǿԾ鷢ӣƺܺдĿʵԽٵҲԽдΪ֪ʵ뿴ʲô
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֮һճνһȺŮһҲǿǰһİѧ˼룬Ԫʵ۷ǳһ¡
ʹڶȡˣŮҲδãؾ飬ʾô񡣶ɹѧѧãѵĿγ֮оЩѧǸ˽Σ˽ٳ˲Ųʹõġ
ȻӿʼͿƣڹٳռȻһ󲿷ԭŷѹƣҲɷϣЩܿȡ˹ĹԱ˹ٳҲΪԭ򡣶ѧѧģǼˣҲ˳֡
Դӷճľ֮Ԫʵ۾һֱ룬ҪôճʡȻԸףԪʵ˵ǺܺõĿʼ
ҪֻԾԼڵ⻹ֱݳ壬·ȻƾɣǴķǳ롣ʮ꣬㣬ʡ෽ֹһ˵䡣ϵݼ֮ʱĿбӣĿ
һ֣壬粻ףȫ¶йư֮ӦȷȥĥĥҪĥȻǳ֮ҪĥǾֻˡ
һʱԪʵ۵վ
Ԫʵй½ףŮǵͣԱߡһй˫ַԪʵǰԪʵ۽ӹһϸţ߿޵
˵ţͻȻһڷΣ³δˡ컯㣬ƣ񡣻ᵱһɽС
ԪʵһϲĿʣλģ
ֱֻݳУ׻صѧġ
Ԫʵۿ΢Цʫ
лϿ佱
һʫϣԪʵۿǳģһŮԶ갡
̫ŮͻȻУЦŻصػϣʵŮг˵ϼλ֮⣬һЩȻδܵҲǲŻڡյѡ֮󣬰ѽŮˬһ;ջᡣ
Ԫʵۿһ۵̫Ů¶һ˿Ц⣬ࡣ
̫Ůͬеķֻ̧ͫͷɨһ۷ͷĬȴ֪̫Ů˾ĸϻģԭȻǺ棬ķŻ;ջ쿪һŮڻʫ
ǸʱԼѾ䣬вߣòһͿƸ͹ˡ룬ҪǴܳΪʵڴһŮ˵ĻᣬĸϿ֮ҲӲ١
ٻǰЩԼ˵ĸֻ÷Ĵ̼̫ŮǷͫ̾ʮڻʼңͫΪĸ϶ڽ۰ٵġĸ϶̫ŮĲϣһ뺷ĸס
Ҫ̫ŮԼվߣȫ̳̫棬̫ڵ־ԴŷǿȨΪĿģĸϵ̬Ⱦͷǳпб䡣
Ȼ۵ŮȴҲͬŮĸ˱˷ǳһʵۣǲƫĳġ˵ѡ̳˵Ҫı׼δǿˡ
ڷͫͷת֮ʱһֵĿԼʼεҪ˶ѡͬһĿȻЧʱ겻ͬ׵ԣһ䣬Ȼ¾䡣˵һŮʫ
ˣȴ㿼ʱò˵ĿҲһǰŮ֮⣬ճȻɫδ䣬һɴݡ
ԪʵƺҲòˣһ滰֮ڷյճΪ¿״ԪΪۣΪ̽
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ֻǷͫȴǷǳľճϱֲͻȻһĸڽϵıӦǳ塣ճĳͲ̫ܱΪ״Ԫǿƶĳ壬Ҳǳ񣬱̻Ǹһ
׷ͫճһ̫ߣû뵽ӸǵһʿĶ㡣̧ճĽ
ҪǷͫ²ǶճĹѧ뷨ȤˣҲȥƶֻǳϵıﲢһģǰѧѡ˲ΪƷ˳ͻĸճƣѧģ֮ʱҲˣȥƽϢŷŭ
ȻʥΥճԼƼģҪճԼģͫھΡ

 39 (ȫ)

еϧˡҪ޵ʱͻȻ̾յ֮󣬾Ͼͱ˳ϢõҲ졣
Ҳ֪ʲôʱγɵĹأ̸ͫµʱҪ˯ʱ򡣵ȻҪһԭǣʱûڣԲϲΪɣǰҹ̶뿪ˡ
ЩɴϵʱſʼЩʱڱߡ̸顣˵һǺȤһֱᳫһ۵㣬ҪŮͬúܵġ
Ȼͫʱе磬ǵļˮƽҲͬ۵㡣ʹͫˣҲϣĺг˵ĺס
ĸһҪճ𣿡ͫҲ̾ճȻЩˣʮ£˲ŸɣҲѵ˲š
ЦҪճԼôѡˣ˸áҲ˵ʱҪҪŪ
ͫ۾
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Ȼ̫Ůͫ˵š
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ͫĬŵֻǲǻʱ
ЦĸԪʵҲԸο㡣
治סͫ̾ھƵ԰ˮҪ·һйľңŪͶ̥תˡ
ڻʹϷ벢ֻ֣ǻʹ԰ƫƧĵطͫˮ֮һȣԱһˣǷͫƫƫ˺ݣ̶ܴҲͿ֪ʣʱǸģ
ͫͷ
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ôǾ̾æʣأ
ĸϵ棬˷һͷˡͫ˵š
ʷϺû׷ò˼顣
ͫһ۵ʱҽ㼺ֳȥˣºᵽǬֹҲĸϵ޹ٺ͢ҽӶĸӲѹȥ߱ؾǷȣͼıɱԼãʹûҲ㹻ܵģҲΪһҲڳֵ̫ݡ
ڻʷϣȻǿĵĸϡҲֵĸϷˣ̫ռ磬ˤ˾ƱֱǷɱ˷漣ҲãڷġԺҪʲôôûʷŮ
þ͸ǳĬȻʼҵĻ²٣ƳɵҲࡣŮýָո˵ǻʼҾһͥŮҲģȴ˵Ĳ֮
ͣһ̾Ҳʱ򡣡̳Ҳֱܽὣʱ򣬾һʱͷԷȡȵ̶ֳȣƽǿ֪
ͫЦֹǾﰡҽʦĸҵģµһ͡ûָʱҽ;겻ڹˣһЩĴܣ˵ֺúȥٸƶ㱻ƳΪ콭ʱ򿴲һ֪ѹյű¶ݡ̫򣬻ʷԴҲй΢ʣĸȴҴ̫ʵ۶ǳﲻáµ˶޻
̾ĸ۰һŮܵõĸνˡ
ͫͷ̾ҽʱĸֱ˵Ҫõ㡣ô϶ĸϴϣļλġ
ӾҲǰԼ˼ʡһѪŮڱսɱӦǷǳȤġ
ͫͷֵĸסʱҲֵ֣ĸʱײ󺰣Ůܱáʵڵĸû취ˣҲֻˡ
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ȫһڻгĻŮһ˼ǧ򽿳ĴС㡣úҲûŮĻҪ˽Щ
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Ҫ˵Ϊٻ󣬸ͼõЩ練ƣûҪȥƴˡǻŬĿ壬ŬΪ˵һ㣬ֻǷǳػԼĹҡ
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ϷͫȻҲֹˣīҲˡԺīǲܲμӵģȴԪʵ֪ͨҪμӵģԭǺīӵʱǺʲμӵġ
˻᳡ͫû뵽Ҳ̫ߣȴǵģȻûԳˡóѹӵģܼܲ޵ĳȥ紫˵ǲǶ䣬ʫĳɾȴûܷ񶨵ˡ
뵱ȻѦҲˣŷһڿǰλáʱ䣬ѦĻҲˣĸ϶ѦĲ̫ϲȻĸϵԸ񣬼ʹΪƶæµҲ˷ĵĴ顣
ͫʫ̫УɴҲͲͷкīŵס̨档ҲΪͫ˵̫ڷĵ飬ﲻԾÿġ
ĵλӺֵۣһͫݳѪŮģȴĮҲһ˿ĺۼǰƺھԵЩĵľ󣬼ʹڲھУľֹҲʮϢһװ֣˵ĸоȻһʵĽɱʮ㡣
ڷͫԱߵѦҲ쳣ʵֻһûһĸŷͫ죬ŮǵƺҲû
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֪ǲǿ⣬ƺܶ๫ڳϷĶšȻİ̫Ů٣ǱǾ볼ĲԾǷļҪݡ
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ȴһԱ߸ŵĺīɫԸ鷳չүˡ
ǡīӦš
֪ͫЦī˵
Ц߿īȻĬ
𣿡ͫźīһֵҪ̺ﲻܵģһ˵
īȴͻȻʣ˵ǿ𣿡
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Ȼһߺһз񣬺ܴһԭﱾһУԸһӡīͬīǸӣ˲ģͫǳִ硣
īЦһֵ˵Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬿ʱ߿ôҿ˵Ҳ뿪ߡ
ǳãֻҪͬʱڸһǰȻͫʱǳ٣ż棬䣬Ǵ֮󣬾ͬһҲû档żں԰￴Ҳһʱһ壬ʱڹȻͤﱧạֻ̇̄ԶԶ֪˸á
ͫеԣʵҲûúī뿪˼ֻΰźīֳ˴⡣Ȼһһ޵ʵӵţԺīġѡһĻԸһ𣬺ڣûи
ī̾濪⣺ϺҪˣһȥɡ
šͫҵĵͷ

 40 

һòĿĵţʼ԰ֹģǲСģ֪ģż̫ȻûֻǰվһӰܵطտҲ޴ɲأν˵̸ȥ΢Цţ첽ǰȥĵ̫Ů밲
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￴΢ЦҪôԼúɡ

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ͫͷŬԼһ㡣ʵԺŮ໥ǷǳϷ룬ҲûʲôġԼղҲǾƺȶ౻ˣԶײ˹νǵķҪǱߣûˡ
ֻϲ͵Ľӣʲô
ĸϸոհֵ˹ְҪչȭŵʱԼôһ˵ӡġ
鷳ǰǰ˴ȥ￴Ͳ֪ʲôӦ
Ȼ֮ͫˣֻǵûʱصղһֻ̣ˣֱǰĴˣʣղô£
лŮ֮˵ţʹͫͣҲϣȷʵöˣҼ
ֻǻ˵ķͫе棬ԺοҵĹϵһˣ¥ϰֻҪɵһЩζȽصĿˡ˵Ⱦеˣǿ˶ӡ
ֻͣһ²ūĲŮͣп͡
ͫһ£漴ףԭˡ
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ūһ̷Ůӵͷ˵ţνǷ֣ŮӶˣֲûҪ
ֻǷͫеɵۣ˵ʵȽ͵͵ķ飬ڵܲ˵ʵû㣬ֻ
Ǹ֨İ죬ͫͻȻʣˣҼǵͷһ죬Сӡ
ȻС˵ԼǶ䣬Ҳܺ棬ʲô
ᵽã¶һ˿ȣ漴ЦСǰʱһ֮Եҳδѵҳ̻֮أֻϧūû
ս˵Խ壬ټᣬֻ֮תġ
ͷһ죬õıԳҹ˫۸ֻ𱲻ңֱⲻǮ£Ǵڴˣ滵˹أ˵¥ҪţϰҲҪ
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ŮСʶţͫмС
үͫͫôƺ
ūҳƹ֡æ˵šӲܳƹӣֻԳūʾݡ
ͫЦСӲĳҲᣬֻӦžˡ
лү̧١˵ţشū񡣡
ܲ֡ͫţ˹ټ˵ûϵģֻҲΪ˺óƺ
үˡ΢Ц˵š
ͫ̾ûϸʵʱ򻹿Ҫô˻͵ȥڼĳˣֻȴظ˵֪￴˻ʲôӦ
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ͫȻҪӭֻǿʱˡ᷿ͫʰһ£Ȱ˯ˣ˵
ƻȻһٵĴӦţֻǷŷͫŵʱ򲻽Сү¥Ļˣ
ӾϲˣҲҪͷʽۡûʸġ
ͫʵеֻõֻǸˡ
ƻԵĿŮȻɣֻͷҲ˵
صзǵʱﻹû˯£ڵ¿飬£Цүˡ
ͫеţͣһµͬźȾȥˡ
֪Ӻȵ治١˵ţַԸˮүϴϴٰѽ
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վԱ̺Ľеɵˣүﲢû˽ǰǵ̺õˣôôͳء
Ավû￴ҿ
ǣǡŻȻʱȻͫ
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ЦڷͫߵҲϲˣʱ䣬ǿԣС
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ﵹһʧֻԸǾȥɡ
ǡ˵ţæ¡һʲô³ģ˵ʱľ
ֱ˳ˣͫſС۸˼ҡղϱѹ˵һӣе¡
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ᡣͫǰ˵ˣȻõĹϵ
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˵ġͫ˵ţֵʵԺī̳ĵλύŮĻֻҲˡ
Ĳǿԣī̫ˡ˵ţīĴ󲿷ֶŮھϲĹŮīϤĲ࣬ټϾǹŮī̫ࡣúīȥܣаӵĸо

ôһǲڸġ˵ţֵ˰͵Ժȥ
šͫȻ뷨Ҳֻˡ
ʱ伺ˣ˵˾Ҫ˯ˣµʱͫͻȻιòǳԴװɡ
һӵĴףһ˼Ŀͫ
ͫΪʲô˵ҰѼŪˣҪأ
ֱҡǵһЩ߰㲻֪ݵŪȻ鷳νļҲһҪǿŲ˳ˣİ취ǽﷸųԴ
ԴףʹСԣƢģİ취ľɱһϢʵ̫ס
ͫԣŵ˵һǸˣҪǴұˣһǰ˵
ͷЦҪǴףҲһ˵
ͫ鴤䣬Ҳһԡ

 42 (ȫ)

ڷͫҹ¥һӣȻֱӰµܿھǴˣŮʵ̫飬ŵͫϣͶ˷ˡ
һӣСɾǲ𾩳ǵ֮һĺīһŮͬʱȢӣʵڰ˱ӲĸһˣȻܻȥ潣εĻ¥ĻǧĵĴˡ
޿̣ٹŮ˵֮󣬶޲ôͷȻͫЩﲢδϣֻǷ¶ݵʱĸϻЦ£ֱ޸
ǵڶƻͽӼݳȥԺʱ򣬺īȻҲԱߡͫе֣īһǲⷺ۵ģôϳ
ͫȻǰȥʣúīһӾ͹˼ˣȥ˵ī͸˵塣Էͫڿīʱûתˡ
ںУͫȴÿĺæµҪǰ̵ϡȻڴ㣬һ岢ݳޣǵʱ̫һҶԽڼΪ¡ڹ԰֣ܲ޾ͲޣЩ̷ǳ١
ɽ󣬹֮ģȻûʲôдģǶڷͫ⺺˵Ҳǳ鷳
ͫҪĹ˺Ͼ͸ˣǰʼ˶һܴ⡣峯ʱ򿪹˺ӣ̫ڻʵʱҲ޹ȻתЧ롣
õķչͨ˺һֱȻֻʲôʼһص⡣Ҫ˵󻼿ͣͣһԿɵľǿ˺ҲǺ¡
ڷͫæſʱ򣬷ѦĻҲˣֻǽνһανرȻɵҲر
˵ҪǺīʣ齫Ҫʲôãͫ˴¡˵÷ľ÷ǳΪѣҪ֪ʲôáʱ򣬷͵һǰĳ漣˵ƾɵİֵǮƷ
ͫ򿪵ʱֱӇˣʼʡԼϴֱʷҪǮΪֵĴˣܲҲѸֵǮĶ͹ȥƸ塣
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ڷĴ飬ϵʦܣʵϵӻһġͫʰͫһ£һ޵һ꣬ھһȦ׵Ĳż
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ͫȡЦҲ뷨ģؾûоУ㻹лᡣ
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еͫҲףѦ鲻˼־ءһⰮ˷ǳǳѣûø
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ʲô£ͫţһֱæſ飬ûʱǰԡ
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ȻԹŮԿŮбͥöһСɾһͥҲ֮߳һľˡŮǼټٵġ˵үһүˣôԼӡ
ͫɫеˣǷͫģ֪Ůе㲻Ծû뵽
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˵йԸȥԺĸҺ˵ģҷĶ
йӦһš
ѻųԺϴԻ˺ֻܶ࣬ǷͫȴòΪtġҪǼٵǱˣҪġǾǿɴСˡŮһŮԼأһǻ壬ĸȫ˵Щtȫʥ롣
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λ޿ױȵүйæص¥ϹּҪԼСĶӼ޸谲
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һεʱصģֻ¥Ϲ˵ҲСй˵ţֵ˵¥Ϲһֱһ޶ơ
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Ѧɫкת
Ŀй߰ɡ
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˽Ǭֹͷȴǲ٣̫򣬻ʷ̫ŮүһֱôүtҲڣ뵽ĴţͫܲΪġĸǲϲԣǾҪǴӰ飬һʱ֪
ݼ֮Ԫʵ۾ֱ⣬һйݸЦɣ¥ӡ
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⺢ôô̫֡
ԪʵɫҲֻǲȿڣǶļ£öԼ
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˵ʧʲôܾļУƤմȥ߳ܵѹ·ϴûҲ͹ȻҹްҲǼ򵥵ټ򵥡
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Ѧһ£ȴץסĵ㲻ԸȢ
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ѦԣҲѹ̫еͷˡ
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š
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ڵѦҲһ㲻֪Լǵô๫ӸϲѦһƺҲͦ
ѦǿΪΪû飬ȫû⡣ԺԼսɳˣѦܼǿĻţȥѰԼµ򲻰Ȳ˵Ҫһķû
ҪǷȢأԪʵ۳˵š
̧ͷĸϲΪġ
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ĸϿߵ˵š

ĸϿļ˵š
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лĸϡ

 43 

ѦĻھˣֻǳСˣһ㶼ȵͫȢīСɾֶ١ѦǻϲأѦ˶ԴҲ飬Ļ£ܽǴҡ
ڰ죬ҲǴףһǰ죬Сɾϡɵļױ̧ģ䣬Ȼ֪ʲôͼױʱҲֻǼźֽϣĶûãѦԽĲҳͷˡ
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ϲˡó˵š
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һڵĹڳϣֻͫһʱ˻С̸䣬Ǣֻǿһۼ֪мˣٲϲԺīĬ̵ĸԣ֪
УȻиѦˡīЦŵ
ѦֻЦҸԼģϵġǵڷҲû˵߶ô֮Ļ֪ˡһ赶ŪǹĴ󽫾Ҫǻ˵黰ʵҪ̫ˡ
û˵䣬̶Ѧþˡ
Ѧͷ˵Ǹæ̶ȥһǹأѦǣھмƣʵСĿ»֮ҹôҲܱ൹ˣѦ׼á
ŵģԵλߵŵģ뵱ľƵĵһλ̫ŮֻѦʱе㲻ڣ˵ǰԪʵŮϲ£μӣǱǡôֻΣ͵»ǰĳ漣Ůͼ
ǹأֻͻȻһŮͼʵ֡Ѧʵڲ̫ţϣãŮɶѡ
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̫Ůǹ֮ҪŮλôİֻ֮һ֮սŮӵүܱѡΪһλʵ۵ġ
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ѦöЩԣûһػֻߵˡ
ݼõʱԶԾɶˣ߸˵ľүtŮ龩ҥԼȻٲö֪Ԫʵû׷ʵΪڴҥ֮ʱԪʵۼүн
һүнʮүȴûùʥ졣˹ԪʵҲûҥԵ飬ֻ˵ŮҪŵĻһѵĲƷС·Ҳϲ١
һɣʹ¶֪ˣүûˡҵʥϼ׿˵ŮҥµҲҪ
Ƿ֣ͫĸҪӵԸ飬٣Ϊtûˡʹ㣬Ҳ͡ߵʱĸµʱһͣΪԼʹģtҲû
밲ͫ˵ţȻ˵ǰݼãҲҪֳףһǷͫߵġ
ЦЦȴɵĿһͻȻ˵һֱæڹҵ
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ѵġ˵š
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ȫһЩëƤС£ȫǿκƾ١ֻǷĲΪǷĵģֻҪ˵ͼʲôǿ

 44 

ͫյΪ֪Ҹ֪Ǯһֱšһǧٻķ⻧÷ͫСӹĺܷ֮࣬ǳĸԣ߷ͫǺݳ޵ˣöȲ
ֻǰīʵʱ˵¿ˣͫǾˡǺī񣬵Ȼ⻧黹ƻͽڴֻճöȽ˺ī˼ʱͫе㲻ף֪
ҪƻͽӹʲҪɣǮȥˣīҲֻĵĸ˵һ
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סīӦţȻҲĻϳֿա
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䣬ǷϿ̫ʵԭ򣬻һŮǵʵҲͱ뺷ŷϽ֮ҲͽԳ˵ǴԲ˵Ǳõģνǻʼұ䳡
̫Ůּʱ򣬶¥ͶûУʹҪӣ̫Ů˵ҪúÿλԶ͡
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¥ʹһֱ²̻ȥ쳯ݼ֮⣬ʹŻһҪѧϰһЩƶȴعȥʵǰʱ¥ѧѧϰǰ֪ʶ̫ʵʱ׼ˣ¥ңعѧûȰ֪ʶͱɱˣٺ¾Ͳ֮
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ʱԪʵڲеʱ̫ŮĻ㱨ԪʵֻǴҪǾÿоȥ
ڻ֮Ԫʵ۶̫ŮҲ仰չˣչóףӭصѧ۽硣
Щ뷨ܺãֻԪʵҲ̵֪ˣûиٸôĵؼ䣬ҲûôľһĻԻ֮ڿľԵĴʤȻֻԻҲʷԪʵ۸̫Ůʷᡣ

 48 

ͫƺֻصԴǰھǵüүϳĲܹ鵽νϦԷͫ˵ܲһʹ֪ôһ죬ʱĸоǷǳ֮ġ
Ϊһ仰ҲͻԴĸоܲãȻֶԼյģǷ֪ͫҪӿ첽ˡ
ڸҲԽԽ٣ϻǱ֤켸첻ڸҲسУ˾ӸȦʫԣֻЩռһʱ䡣
˵ﱾôĺ˺Ҫ׼ȷ˵ڵƻٷˡԿŴӸǣȥ˺£ǾҲõĳףСΪΪĿںš
ҪʵȥЩ飬ͫúܲﲻġȻͻȻһ캫ī˵¥ҹ÷ͫǳæʣʲô£
ֻǼһȻ˵£֪ˡһ䣬ҲֻЦǷŲǸ𣿡Ū÷ͫԡ
īصû˵˵үڣͻȥˡ
ͫ÷ǳ֣ΪġôһϵʶﲢûйƽƽȵĹϹϵΨһһԭô
ʱͫ㣬㲻ڣȥˡ
֪ˡӦš
Ȼģͫʣʲô
￴һۣЦӦ֪ģȻݵͼǻȥλݿĲ͡
ͫ׹ԭͨȥڨȴ˽ԽύԱ֪ˣ˵ǲͫʵҲνٲ·ϾҪͷˡ
˲õģлСĵġ˵š
ֵּͫһˣҪҪһ𣿡
߹Աµط飬ԴҾ𣿡ﷴʡ
ͫЦ˵̫򵥲飬˵ᡣʱͻȥԺ
үԸȥȻԸ⡣Цš
ּͫǺ˵Ĳź˵ĿĶһϵݽ鼺æĴˣͫڵȴеǳ⣬ΪæлᣬĻᣬͷĻᣬҪǳĻᡣ
̫ŮܣԪʵۼʣּͫȻ͵ϡȻǶ̣ͫеڶ׼ʵڲоͽĿڵʱĸϲܲӦ
ֻû뵽ͫӵȥڶ죬ͱȥ̫Ůʰ֮󣬷Цʣ
ǣ̫Ů£ֻ²¶֪֪ݾּˣҲ޴֡Ϊʾ͢ں˵ӣþүȥһʣǡڹͫš
һµɸүȥǸ⡣
ͫûģԵ̫Ůûòʣ
ЦȻ߻㻹С볯Ҳ࣬ӭǲ¾Ͱĺãٺ¥ϵʹŵһҲնĺáֻ֮⣬ɸүȥֻǼලطԱ£Ҹϣڵ˲ΪҴá߻öҵ˼𣿡
ͫͣһµףܽ˺ν˲ţõĵȻǺƮںϣǺ֪ʶ·߶ǳֻúΪ٣ĹԱʹ뷨Ҳʵּʱִ֪磬ʱҪһүּ
ƺеԥǵȥɡ
л̫Ůͫ˵ţȴҲе⣬û뵽Ӧôˬ졣
ͫ˳ȴͻȻʣ߻ΪʲôҪ
ͫһ£ǳȻʵֱӣȻΪҾøϷԽԽ֮ϱ֮Ҫͨ䡣
΢ЦȴһĨοֵ뵽뵽Լѵˡ
һ仰÷ͫеͻȻʣǻþҲÿ˺𣿡
ͫеֲͻȻЩͼشĸΪΪ񣬵Ӱ룬Ҫͨ˺ӵģֻڲǺʱ壬ô飬Ȼ߾ƽ£˭Ҳܱ֤岻ٿսҪڶӣǮȻ˵ˣұۣҥѸ𡣡
߻˵ĺáЦ˵Ĳ㣬ҷˡ
̫ŮǱ߷УͫȥͿʼ׼ˣ̫Ů˼ȥһ˾ҪȰţǾ˵ҲҪշϵĺʱӦĺǷͫе飬ͫˮԣû˵սˡҪײϱ뺷˭շ˭ľͲ˵ˡ
ֻǺīȴͻȻүһȥ
ͫһ£Ƿǳ⺫īҪȻʴҾ죬һҾָǵŮСɾΧڡǷͫ뺫īûȵ̶ֳȣҪױеģ֪ҪǺīҲһˡ
𣿡īŷͫɫɫʧ˵š
ǣֻǳȥܻȽ࣬û뵽Ҫͬȥͫ˵ţֵҲѵõĳŻᣬһȥɡ
ںīڸϲµģӣഺȥͫԼҲǳΡлģҲܺá
Ȼ֮ͫǰȥԪʵ۴СȻԪʵ念֮¼û⣬ƺǰͫ˵Ҫ캣˵ĲԪʵֻ䣬úðɡ
ǡ
ͫӦţһָоĸϲ֮ﻹжҲʼתȻһֱߣֻһϣŮߵһֻ
ͫӹֱȥ˰ڹûϷģӦڸˡȻͫʱ򣬷Ѧ壬Ավſ
强꼺ʮˣ˴޵䡣ţû˻ס
ͫ˵˳£Ǹ̾ĵϧĸϲҳȻȥ򺣵ҿһֱûս
ͫеѵǳڼˣ
̾˲ƵģҲ벻򡣡ֻǴš
ͻȻܴܲһȥ
˶ˡ
ȥʲôӵġֲ䣺ҶҴûгһϼҶûлع
˵ķͫеˣֻֻܵУǷּǳȥɽˮ
Ҵߵ̶Ҳܵ˵š
ͫУһδĹӣĴܣԺҲġᣬӵҪб»Ҳν
۲ĵֻǸĴҪҲա
˵ĺеֻԲûôݡֻͫļ˵ҸҪĺ뱲ӡ
̾ǲ֪ΪʲôŮӿԿƶӾͲԡŮСɾԺǷӾŶҪơѵ°ҸŮӼˣȻһֱڼŶܳҪһӣҲɱˡ
˵ɵˡѦôԼѡģҲǣҪǿһŮӣԼõġҪǾ۹ˣٻһ
ͫø̲סѦܲܲҪҽˡ

 49 ()

ͫѡһӣıȫԼͫһοǸʱԼסˡǲ˵ÿ޲𣬶ֹƣҪ˵Ϊ¼ʱҳģͫѹšŪôһ˳кôͲԶˡ
ָɷͫС̵ģξȻмơС̼ʱ˸ǳ϶ģСĸҲ˵˵ε˵ĸֻһССȫҪ¡
ߵʱͫûаԼӴͫ΢һ㣬һ·ϲõ̫ʱ䡣ؾӣһ·ϸݲûʾһ¹ƾҪһ¡
˽⺣״˹ٷϢ⣬ϢҪ߳˺֮⣬ͫЩ˽״
Ȼ΢һȴ治٣īӣңѣټ̶̺ڽӣƻھǴ飬ֶ䣬ǲҲˡߴЩжײ㡣
ֱ֮Ӵ˸ģͫǼҳīǷӣӣ⣬ƹ̶ˡǽӵ飬ǹͣǺīȷʵʣݶͫܲ֮￴һۡ
ΪٶȸЩһǴҪҲҪҲռĽͨߣҲձ㶼ᣬҲƽ顣
ȻһˣҲ֣ͫͷְСƥӺʱеЦ
Ŀĵݣ뵱ʱӭϴٽ磬·ϷͫȻѡ˵ʱӭ׵·ߡһ·Щʱӭ·ϵһЩ뷨ͫٿһ¡
̫Ůǻ֮ȫ˲ףõľǿĸϿ첻еʱ͸ϽܣõķթԶݡ̫ŮأֻǻʷĻŪҲסȻʩһеĴǰĸϼ㰲·׽ãͫôҲ˦·һ·
о˵ģԪʵпǰʷϣͫҲĸϻͼһĻŮޣټϵǿӲԸֳ̫ǿ϶ģһ鷳¾Լȥʹĸһֱ̫ŮеۣҪǾѵλһѻλɨɾ
ֻֻԪʵ۵뷨ʵֵĻʲ˵ؼ̫ŮԪʵ۾񼺴ǰԪʵ۶ʮ꣬ûϵŮϻλ¾еġ
Ҫ״ʱҲܣһеıǮԪʵ۲÷ĳҲΪһǵԼͻȻݱҲֱӱɱҲǵĻʷ̫Ů֡
״£̫Ů뷨ͷǳҪˣŮ߱ݣڻʼɱȫֻǺģԼ׽Ҳɱ
үǰӺˡīͻȻ
ͫ׺īʾҲõָȥһˡճ״ԪƷĺԺ׫ְλϽӽʵۣǨĻͬ߿졣Ȼճ̼ңںԺƺͦãǮʵǮƢãټв飬ԵĿ
ܻ϶ʲôͼճƼûҼʹԪʵۿʼ̫Ů֮Ҳûȥ̫ŮĴȡ
---------------------------------------------------------------
Ӻ֮󣬷ͫڳĿջһСԺȻŻ̶ֱָͫɺܼ򵥣㣬עĿΪʲôīԭҲܼ򵥣Ϊּʶ֪СɾͻȻݰȥⲻǺܱ
ǼҲ񣬲ŵģҪȥһּڵΡһ֮ҾȻһ״Ԫˡ
ŵʱ򺫹˺ʧӴڷͫС˵ţ˴һһͣȻҪں档
ͫ̾٩ֻʣ˵Ҹôźīá
ҲԾţΪáֻԾ֮ǣͿԸˡЦŵ
ιι˲ô޳ܵġͫ̾
ӺīĳīϣĳΪСɾġֻϣΪīѦϲϲǾü޸Լľ˾͸һַµıݡ
ΪԺīǳȻĽҲСɾ̷ԴڰУȻҲͲڼʣŷͫһСɾīҲƽϡ
ںīȽƵǣûھȥʱ򶼷ǳ١ҲݷǳΣõĳϾڸܲż
Цҡͷ˵Ĳ̫ȱٺīˡģв飬ʱʮ궼δһ
֪ǸҸˣȴʲôҲͫ̾īҪһºϸమһӡʲô˺ī
ǾͰ˰ɡ˵š
Ǽ޸˭ͫ̾ص㡣ҪǺīˣºðˡ
ָԼһˣһоеģ˰ɡ˵š
ͫͣһµһֱɽɵĴʦƲȥҹīģֻǱīܾˣΪνķ¡ʱͫļֳ硣
˵͵ָſڣȻָ֣ûɧĸĳɡ״Ԫڡҡ֡ҲûôޣӣڿǰƾһЩ
ױ̶ǰţһᣬһʮŮӴ򿪷ţһ˴磬ȴһ㸻֮ҵĿСףͦмʡ
ҼСھǵѣ·أϰݻᡣ˵ţȻһӾ͵ȥ
û뵽æƿһĵңңλϾȥͨ
˵ż䣬æнŷԱԵȡһŷС׼ȥͨһṦͼּҵճŮ˹
ͫһ£ûŵʱͿּҺǫѷˣû뵽Ȼǫѷ̶ֳȡּҵŮͫ۶ֱˣ£ȴͫסС΢
ּҵŮףȴȻһŷֱּͫͫ¹ּҵŮȥ
ͫЦҲֻǡ·˵أС㲻̫鷳ǾҪˡ
үԼָ֮ңүָּ֮ҵŮæ˵ţҪүƼճ״Ԫ붼ġճȥҲоپͺˣֳ״Ԫ
ֻͫ΢Ц
һṦּҼҲһĹּҼŮһ˵ݾߵĴ񣬷ͫЦ񡣲˵ּλŮʵ̫ԶˣճȾ͸һһ¡ҲҺճ״ԪݼҲȻּԺᵽ˭治˵
ͷߵˣ˵ԷͫĹ̬ȴȵһμʱзּҳԵģʢȴ֮ҪһסһʱģֻǱͫΪˣҲ֪һү΢û¡
ϣֻǵȷͫȥʱ򣬾ͼµһ˾СԺֶȻԼģȫּģǺܹصѵǷǳϸġԵĴÿһףΨûзͫġ
ͫ΢Цּ˻ס
˽ܻ¸Ǵǳ͢ٸ֮ܵƵġּĶ˾ú֮⣬㲻ϻ¸ķΧڡ
ַʽͫҲǳ⣬ϵȻּ֮ңû뵽ھǹٳϵҲôסӣңһԵĽּճ״Ԫ֮ӵ͵ˡ
״Ԫô飬ּҲֻǿ˼֪֪ݵĸȫˡ⻹˵ּ֮Ҳ͸ƽ׽ˣҾûµʱ͸㹫ޣ·Ҳ޹аǾ͸ˡ
ǰ;ĺǰ;ֻϧνվԽˤԽݡҪճٳ㲻״ԪôߣһСҲһ㡣

 50 

һʰ·ﵥ˵ʱҲֵֻҹʱҲһĸСҹڳһҲڴĸҲΪ̷㣬ĸֵֻʱ򣬷ͫûôˡ
÷̷ͫǺѵˣ˵ʵСݸȥ̷ү̷ҲкôϿһ˯
֪ǲΪϵ϶̫ߣԴӳ׺ͬδʲôֻһһ˯ڷͫ˵ֵֺĸоȻ˵С󣬷Ƿھʱ̫Сˣ󲿷ʱﶼѲۣ˾˲
Ҳ뿪ִЩǳϰһͻȻһһ˯ţĿǰҲһģָоҲͦġ
ʱ򶼾úϲˡҪ˯ʱͫ̾
Ǿ֤һ°ɡЦŵ
һ仰ѷͫ˵ˣȻŮҲӣ֤Ҳ̫ˡ˵ͫԼûҪӵĴ㡣
Ӻܼ򵥣֮ҿԷſֻǷͫȴûҪӵĴ㡣ҪҲӵĵ˭ղ˵еϲ˲Ǹ֮һӣ˭Ȳ˵ͫѹû
뵽ͫɵİѸղǾϲĻ˻ȥѹû뵽Ժʽô˵ϲ͸ղǾ䵹÷ͫνϲʲô̶ȶ
˵թôүթҲûںġͫ˵š
Ȼˣȥݣֱ˵սںϣȫ𡣡ֲ˻ң֤û㡣
ҽأͫһ䡣
ȻھˡЦŵ
ͫٴǰҪܷԼˣȷʵѡǣݲİȻ֪ʲôáŷҲһܡ
˰ηͫʣ˵浽ͷʱһ𣿡
Ӧûᡣ˵š
ллˡ

֮󣬷ͫĵһ¾һԺסʥּϵʱ絽£ҪѸС
ͫȻʱ˽ݵ״ȻϴతţϴľȻԶԭϴǿųУݲǡ
һֱûбչҲ϶⿪ţֻǿųޡҾ̷ΧҲܵƵģ󲿷ֶǹƷóףҲơ̫ŮǰЩƶſҪչˣڽó׵ļٽ⣬оǿˣҵó׻顣
ͫŵѡݾΪȻǰڿųУһֱ׼ֻġݰ˳ϵľԴΪḻҲͬǿ˵˲š
ٺ֮һȻǴ̽ϢֱСȥԺ
ò˵ȥԺȥˣͫҲϣԺȷʵǸ̽Ϣĺȥĵǰˣܲȥˣ˵¶ʱ̫ˣ˾Ƶ¡ǣֻӹ࣬ǿ̫ˡ
ֻȥ·ϷͫͻȻ뵽ھô£ӦҲǿһˡһڴ֮Ůʲô̫ײ
ͫҪȥԺȻҪŵģھǸӵ̶ܴȥԺǳе£Ҫ˷̵Ĳܵ䴲̷֮֮֮ġݵײǾǣŷͫʱԵ
ͫС˵һ䣬һĵطҲǺӣҲǲҲ̶ģȾҪһȡﶥŵСﶼǳһȵˡ
˱зͫǽţȴˣ֣ɣаᣬ潺ֱȽأأϣϵģҪҸоͫĳôҲ֪ƽˡ˵ĸƽܴһ̶Ժġ
ֱͫһӵȥƯϣֱˡ
ŮԵȣ֤⡣˵Ľӹӣתš
ҲǸø͵һ㡣˵š
һֱΪ͵ˡͫ̾ھǴˣ鶼֪ˡһžͱΪǹˣҲ´γȥؤ·
˵ţſˣֻһλ¹ӽͫǿǰһ˵ǰĹӶ˧û뵽νб׼еϷͫˣ벻񾩳ǱȫŮ͡
Ůá깫ӵͷ˵š
ͫ´ֱۣӷһƱҿ⣬Ұˡ
лŮ͡һ˷ܵ˵ţǰ깫ӿûô˷ܡ
ųȥͫЦġ
깫£ͫʣʲô
ūСйĻشš
ֽеҲáͫ˵ţȴûһĵʼʡؾԱվţͫûǸˡ
ˣͫʡ
ʮˡ˵š
ͦСġͫ˵š
ֻǾڷͫѾϸʵʱͻȻµأҽеģ
գͫЦʣͣ
зǳ˼ĵͷͫʣǹټҹ𣿡ݲǸԣ֮أ֮ҷǳ٣һƵĳͣӦǹٳ˻ߵصĺš
ǵģǺͣÿһʱ·ݲһˮʳͻȥˡнš
ͣͫһЦ˰ɣݿǵ½𣿡
ֻǴ󴬲ÿһ㲹Ʒܶ࣬˵ԷСƣֻҪ£ǿԵġ˵š
ޡͫӦţݹٷ˹ỹͦصģá
˵ţ泳ֵĶԽԽһֱ㲻ǣ˵б˽ӳˡһֻеǮżĺͣȻ֪ݣǸĴͻȻǺҪ
վŵȥ
ͫͷ
ƿųȥվŵŮӼֱӰεˣվڶ¥סϸϸȥŮθߴ׺ϢȻڿŭ֮УٶΪȫç
ʲôˣȻ˳ܣ֪Сڴˡ˵š
һźŰҲˣû뵽Ů̶Ȼ˵Ĳ¡
Ůһ⻰ֱ϶¥ѹǲ̶ֱһȰ߿ʱŭգֱӳ鵶ͫȥ
ܴ󣬵뿳˷ͫǲ̫Զֶ֣֮ܿ࣬ͫУֱӰѵЦСˣα赶Ūǹġ
ŮƺҲͫŪסˣͫЦһӶֺα˺ֻܴȥͺˣҹҼ
ŮƺͫȴֵСмһ־֪ûУ˹ʵԶ
ͫЦûʲôСģԵСʶģҺߺα֮
һ˵Ůƺ˼
ֻǲ˵ͫ͵ҪСӣһºȱˮưɡ
лСơŮ˵ţȴ
ͫȻһ΢ЦȴϵĹ˵ơŮȴһʣССɾ
ͫҡͷЦ̶
ŮӿͫϸһĨأȻԸе±çеġһ̶˵ļʽǸ˵á
ͫ΢ЦӺϣų͢д󶯾ԹҲ֪ûв·
ŮӵӺݾ÷˽ܵ飬ʿǳ֮࣬Сǲʤ
ͫЦǳէû뵽СͶԵ飬СγƺŵʱҲû˵ûʲôû뵽ղȴֱӰСνг뻻նС
̷СʶʵԵ̷˵š
ͫһ㶼⣬ûηʵ

 51 (ȫ)

ڷһͫĿڲǲˣõ˵£ǾķǳˡþƱϣ̷ͫϸϸ˵ͫôǻŮѧʶʶȻͬһ㡣̷ȻҲһ̸ͫҲ֪һ
̷ģҪ¥С֮䣬ЩСó׬Ǯݿ벹һ£ٺҪ뿪
ͫЦڴ˶ּҲţ»ҲûҲˣ̷С㣬֮¡
̷ɫĴŷͫʣСʲô⣿
˿մɡͫ˵ţֵԴ͹ٸ涼û⣬صԴ뺣ϰȫ⡣
̷˼ںϣȻ֪˿մƷеĵλ˵Ǻϣ·óף˿մҲΪҪ
ǰλŮֱԸ㶨ԴٸҪǺĻǮˮһˡ
ʱСʱ䲻ˣǲǸûȥˣա
һ˵ͫһȻ飬ֵʱȷʵǲˣ̷СĴʵڱǸ
ͫ˵ţҪ뿪ֻƼˮ꣬׶֪һ̸̫̫࣬ˣԷỳɵġ
Ȼ̷Ҳֻǿ˵䣬ҲûֻͫǷͫҪߵʱȴʷͫҪסַͫﰵϲЦŰѵַϡ
ͫȥʱʱ伺ܲˣǳ죬һγž˵ջ񡣿̷̸ǲ̫񺣵ͫԿ϶̷һֺ֪ϳܹͣϹˣȻ˳ȥһջḻ
ֻŽԺʱ򣬾ͼһ̶Ժｹȥͫæӭүɻˡ
ʲôˣͫšղӺݶϺһŵʱԸҪС¡
˶ˡ
ʲôͫһ¡
ûãӣҺͷ˵еƻᣬͺͺһſû뵽һʱΪ˳̫ɢˡ̶˵š
ͫɫʣڻˣ
һʱˣ˳Ҳɢˣֻǻ˻̶˵š
ͫɫѿӣҺͷȥˣֻҪɢˣԺīԸ񲻿ܲڻûʱͻǰûӰ֤ǳˡ
ԱߵүĪ鲻ٸ
һ˷ͫתŵȥһˣӣҺͷѻһȥ֪ҡ
ǡСӦš
ͫٴγţֻȫûиղŵɡһӴʧٻᷢʲô飬ͫ붼롣Զʧʱ˵鼺ĸʵ̫ߣԺīԸη粨֮󣬻᲻ȥѰ˵
īģбƽΣ飬ôԵ
ҹȥ֪ĸź̫ʵټЧֱ̫͡ӷǽȥֱߵԺֱӴȥ֪Ӵץֻû֪ͫˣ鷳֪ˡ
˵ţֱͫӰһļ˳ǳʱ̫Ůģ뱩¶ʱԵá֪ϣóױ¶
Ȼ֪Ƶʱ˶ɵסˣæӴӵʣŮкηԸһ£Ȼϵĳٿͫƣʵ
Сɾڽպеƻ߶ˣɳȥңҲˣҲ͵Żؼֵȥɡͫһ׺ݵ˵š
ǣǡ֪æӦš
ѱīֽͫ˵ţôҲҪҲ·
ǡ
ͫһ㣬ҲֻǰѺīüۻšִ˵һʱ䣬Ȼ֪Ϲٸ۽гֻͫŽϵĸңҪˣҪʬ
Ը˷ͫҲûߣֱ֪ţһϵնóˣ֪ҲǲҵȻֵ֪ʲôˣݳ·֣֪ŲԲ֪ٷ˹ԹŽУҪ̶ȣһСҲǱģֻҪֳֻ۱ֻ۵Ĺȥˡ
ԵٸҲ˵;ˣ߳էز죬ֻƾ˴һңҵʱƺīͷûˡ
ֻǷֱͫѲŽֱͫӹ¡ͫŭǸ߲һˣڻçײ֪ء
ѺӣǾƽƻͽСڹ͢Ҫƻͽӵ̫ʱʵģҲ˵һڣܴźīܳȥʲôƻᡣ
ֻǹߵףһֻ֪С߹ŮҪҪòͣ
֪أֻͫʣֵɸ˶ʱػ
ǡ
һṦͼһ۴ŮӹûŮӹ밲ֻͫʣϢ𣿡
ûСŮӵ˵ţٿڡ
ֱͫӺһȺҲͲֹǷˣһ֪˳ȥңҪǻҲǽܾһֵ֪·֮ԼҲӸϵɴɱʬڻ¡µǱǿ֪Σû뵽·
һ֣÷ͫŭգȻ֪дľǺ֡ǵʱʱѹͲôϺī
ֱ磬֪ŴŲ߽СĵһһֱԱߵķѣСĵĵŬ
ֻʽͫ˵ţǰһѳס֪ŲţҲˣᡣ
ǣǡ
˦ſ֪ͫʣȥݳûп֮ǰ뿪Ĵֻ
ǡ
֪Ҫţֻһ۴Ҵҽڳջһ׼ǽԺѲ飬Ǽá
·
--------------------------------ָ------------------------
ͫȥʱİΧջ֪˸ŷͫһ·СܵĹȻ׷ͫݣѸٹ÷ͫȥ
˵סջõСԺӣּΪ󷽣סǰһʱ䣬Ұ˸պòڣȫʱ䡣
ѵʱҲǸպûһԲ֣ġֱۣ߳ȥġջŴŪ˺ö࣬ƹ˵ʱǺģһĿˣĵҪװˡ
ֻǷͫ㱨ﶼһ£һӣǡͫû꣬ һϤߣҴĴԽ
ͫЩĳ˵ҲǼӣһҲǺ¡
ֱͫŽȥԺνǷͫʱһ¡漴Цҵ˭ԭǡ
硭ͫ
Çˣ֪͸ˡ
ͫһȥǰסõ֣ϸ̫ˡ
ʲôŷӦ
ͫСīˡ
ʲôþˡ
ϵƻʱīʧˣ˵˹ٸæͫ˵ţֵ鶼ȷ˵
ֻͫʱҲֻȷ£ͫð֮Ժ顣Һīöڷͫŭ͸ϵĶģҲˣԼСɾŪ
˳ԺţֻͫǸ֪˵һ䣬λֳֻŵһֱϡᣬֻ÷ͫ龭˵һ¡
ƻʱ򣬾ûһ飿òһ䡣
ͫҡͷϸϸʹѣɢ֮ǰȷʵƽĺܡֻһ𿴿طתͷ򣬺ī˶ˡ
üͷĸֱ֪ǹٸĺͽйʻ
ͫһ£û뵽öݵȻ˵֪֪ɫȴѿ˵ʲôͫ͵ȥ
ǣǡ
֪ȥˣͫȴͬ·ȥ֪Ϣ㹵ͨ㡣·ϵʱòɵĵ㲻캣˵Ĳ𣬰Ѻīʲô
˵Ĳ£ɱĻϺˮϺ˾ǿͨˣʧ󡣶һֱڰ뿪״̬ںĴٷ˹ǳзؾ߻ʵԶֵ̫ˡ
ҲǺˡͫķ˵ţȷʵ̫ǷȱǣҪɽˮȻôϺī򺣵ֲá
ֻǵ֪ɱûãȴ̲סʣīһ֮󡭡
Ļе˵ȥһ˲ͻȻ߶Ǳ˽ˣԺīĳ࣬ôʱᷢʲô¾Ͳ˵ˡܰסˣֻһʧ࣬ǺīԸ񣬲÷ͫ˵ʲôԼʲôͲ˵
ͫھεĵΪҵʧú˲ҵĴôܻȥֺӡ
еģͫƫźīܵĶࡣ˹ؿֻϣīƽȥ
֪ͫʱ֪ҲѺǽͫɨһȴδ̷ȴʼϸϸֻǴȴȻҪĵƻ⸽ݵһͳΪʵҲ˵ÿҪĻ֮һ
ʱЩ·ĺҲֽͣΪʵȻݵͣ뿪ˣһ鿼ǣֻҪֳ飬ٸҲֻ۱ֻˣԾ˵жٴˣЩ˵ˡ
ͫһµѴ¥һλеļӽйʻʱû̷סַеĳͣӦ֪
Ȼ֪ŷǳ⣬ˣ뼯ݣ⸣˵һṦйŵʱ廹һֱͫʱȴЩ١ͫҲ÷ϻ̷סģ
ͣһ²ŷӦص̷ֻ֪Сһ֮
ͫף̷ôһ֪ʵסֻǵֻ˵طͺˡ
в˵ˡ
ͫõһȥɡ
ʲôˣʡ
Ӧ֪ˡͫ˵ţҪ̷Ҳͷ治֪ҪӺˡ
ͫǸַҵʱԺǹŵģ̇ͫͷţһṦСײţֻǵҼڲڡ
ͫȴ԰ߣϵϵù
ȻõĴ̧һṦͼ̷˵ˣҲû¶棬ʵ̫죬˵ʵ̫졣ͫʱ֪Ůû뵽Ȼˡ
̷ôֱۣӵ㿪ҪϢ
̷ǱõŪЩˣ˵С£û뵽ھ˵Ʋ㿪ֿɲһ˵ġ
̷ͫûӦֲֻ֪ȥԻ
̷һ£ʷͫʶǣ
ҵ򡣡
̷һǾ͹ֲ˷츲صˣһСɾ̶
ͫĿ̷ֱӹҾ̷Сæ
С̫ˡ̷æŷͫһᾡ
л̷С㡣ͫ˵ţֲҪǵг̣ʧ
̷ĵС̫ǺôཻһԹۡ

 52 (ȫ)

úͷͫһһͣһһĳ̷֤꣬ȥͫԷģϲ·ϣ·ǴĹ磬ȻҲǣǹܿʵ̫ˡ
˵˸ǣͫ˵Ϣֻ֪ܵȥšΪϢѸ٣ڴˣ̷˶ٲɡϵϵʷֶǺεݣֲó֮ʱȻ˴Ŀ
ôͻȻˣۻ֪ʱ̲ͫסʡ
ҳ˵š
ͫ֡
ÿһۣ͵ȥϵ硣Ǽںʵʱ򣬼ÿʱ
ޡͫףȥģҹͷҲֻһֻǷͫȴܲ棬õ书׵˺̶ֳȣһ˳û⡣
ټӵ֪ʱֻ֪ʾǵṩŽͣޣȻҵ̧֤áӦ⣬֮±·ٸϹϵĺҲλᡣ
ֻһ죬ĻţһҰĶûС˹÷ͫݳǲ˴ģȴҲ˵˼ڳ֮ĳδڳ
ٲȻǴߵ̫⣬֪˲˵һ˲ƾˣһ
Ͽ˯ʱȴҶã
ͫ˼ʱϵԽãԽ׶༪١γǰģܻ̫ʱ档ҪˣҪʬʹҵʬ壬ҲҪȥ̾ͫŵҲãҲãһģҶҪȥ

ͫ㲻𣿡
Ȼαҵ˵š
ͫ̾
ͣһ΢ЦҪǻҶŮҲһʾ
ϧֻŮͫ̾˵ţֻǱ
̷ڵʱ֪ڵģʱͫϢС˵̷ˣ׶ûĴֱ˳
˻𣿡ͫſھʡ
̷ͷ
ͫɿžͺáʱҲϹʣģ
̷ƺԥһ۷ͫʵС㡭
ֻ˵ģ˵š
̷һãСںڽ¡
õͫԾÿãڽֶȫİģõķӦ
ͣһֻõԸǮˣ뿪롣
õĻ÷ͫһ£һֱöſΨҶز֪īʲô˽٣һӦӦᵶȥŶԣôܻٷ̸롣ΨһԭǶԷʵǿ󵽼ʹǹٸ˹ȥȫǼʯͷ
̷ɫЩΪѣֵǮˣҲǺϵĹءǿˣ̷С㵱һ´ˣķ
̷һµãԿȷʵǮҲȷʵǹأҪ̸£Ҳ治ǻ¡
̷ţÿͫʣжǮ
Ҳǧͫ˵ţǳģǧܶˡ
üֱͫӸС״֪˵Ǯã׼Ǯˡ
òԾÿһ۷ͫǵ˽£ôùеǮͫѵŴŴӣ
ò˵ˡ
ͫȴʣڽʲôط
ĺţҲֻ˵˵ţȥ飬һġ
˵ڽµĴڼмðʷ˵Ǻʵۡ˵Ҳ٣ƽղ٣ٸճ٣ҲΪ٣һҲеֻ۱ֻۣɱҲе
ȫģͫˡ
õͷֵ˵뿪̸̣ͨȻġȻ͵Űɣһһ
ͫ˼
ȴҪôѺī
֪ͫ˵ţȴ̾ѹҪԹΪҪ
---------------------------ָ-----------------------------------
֪ī˻֮ͫ˺ֻܶ࣬ںڽ֮鿴ͱȽζ˯ʱ򣬷ͫʣʲô߼𣿡
𣿡ﷴ
Ȼ
ͣһ·ʵúīΣ
Ȼһһ
ʲء
ǰһġ
ƺһ£ֵ֪˷ǳϲī͡
ˣʲôˣͫʣֵǲ֪ʲô
¶һζЦݣЦΪ֪ʲôϢȴû˵𣿡
ͫĬʵ̫ˣͨı£ҲǶôŵ֪ôһϢ£֪ıǸࡣ
ηͫŵԲ𡣡
ȻһЦ⣬ȫһνı飬ֵһ㣬ʲôġ
ͫĬ
̷֪ǰºֻȴȫû˵յɡſڼʣǮ
̷ȴǽһõСӣڲǮ¡
һ仰˵úͷͫɫˣǮܽʱǴˡʣī𣿡
ȫû⡣̷˵š
⣿ֻˡ
̷ƺõһ£֨ĵ
һ˫è۵ɴ˫ֳסӣȫƺеˡ
̷ȸˡ
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ˡ̷˵ͫ˵ﶬʲôǲ֪Ϻڽȥ̸Уȥ޻صĻ̫ˣǺ
ÿЦ֪ԼĺݻѨȴ޶ԣ
ͫҪȥҲȥ
ɫԻ
Աߵ̷̲סλȰλ˰ɣûκܴҪȥġôܻ³Ҿ˵ﶬƺͦϲλӡ
һҪֻܰѰϾͺˡͫЦţֵСݲĻֻ˵ϵ
˵ͫСףдһŰݸ̷ʱֵʮպϣҵǵϰ
̷ӵʱֶеˣû뵽˾ȻҲֻһʾǰȻġ
ͫЦֻ;ͺˡ
̷ֻǾָȻֻǹͣ˹ֻһ̸£ԺҪҪںˡ
ǡ
ͫƵʮպΪҪʮ׼һЩ̷˵ֻǵ˵үҪˣǾƣǰΣںīҪͻȫҲסҪǺīҪ˵ɻһ㣬Сɾ
ҪǷͫȫûе˼ڽµϴ󣬺ϵĻʵۡö֪뿪ͨ˱̸ףôɵȥֱȥҪˡ
õķ̸£̸ף죬̸µʱ򣬰ѺīŪҲϣ
ȵ֪Ѹʱ򣬷ͫһһֱΪܱ߼ֻǶںڽֻֻ۶û뵽СǻǮƽÿڽ½һıѣԱ֤ˮϰȫ
Ȼ֪˵ҵȫϣǶںڽµĽȴǷǳ١νȫûС
ͫƵģֻС̴ŵ裬ͫС֧˳ȥ̧ͷǲʶڽµ
˵ī͵˻ǳϲ̷ʹ˵ϡʱȷʵǱסˡȻеգȴò
ﶬ֪࣬ķǳ١΢Ц˵ţֵĹ̫ˡ
ͫ̾ȷʵ̫ˣֻԭΪµʱ䣬뵽Ͼͳ顣
ܸ˵˵ﶬ𣿡ͫš
һµﶬꣲǰΪڽһ˵ġˣڽ²ϮƣκλֻƾԼıΪԼѧʲ̫õĹϵϲ͵ӣ־
ͫͣһʣΪﶬ಻ܷŹī
Ц̵ҳΨһİ취ǰɱˣθȡһѰ
÷ͫе䡣
Ͳ֪ûɱǵЦŲ䡣
ͫĬһʣڽôǿ𣿡
ڽֻһʶǵĸݵֻһûгƵ۳ﶬ˵ֻһȺɵĺҪֶﶬȷʵǸβܵλ֮ͳһĺšһĲֵûзģսĳ˵ٽЩң˳ͨǹĩ˵š
ͫЦѵҲҪ𣿡
ĺ˿ͨˣЩԼ֪ôϹﶬ໹ûŵٽĹҵΪУҪĽҲӦõġֲ䣺ҪҺ˲ŵĻﶬ¶ǡ
ŵĳжˣϽ׶ˣں˵ҲǺ¡ҪǴһֱչôҲȥ½ɧšǿ˫ӮĽףҪҪô
ͫ۾һ̾ԣ֮⣬Ѻī͸ﶬá
㣬ҡ˵ţֵѯҵҵĻشֻҪôɡ

 53 (ȫ)

ͫ˵ʮպϵھյʱҲϴˣҲҪһȥֹͫסĿĲΣͫԣҲίҪΪһᾡȫѺī̳Ǿδ̫档Իʼ˵ûʲôҪõǵЩûô
֪ṩĺ֣ҲǷͫ˼ùٴԵ̫ҡˡݱ¶ˣûȥҺ˽½׹˽½ףٷ˹ˡ
𴲣СͷȴͻȻ֧ͫСף˳ҪͫͷͫʧЦһҡƽһʱ·ã˵ͷ
ȷʵҡ˵ţʲôƵģҵڶ̷ͷŮԡ
ͫüʵеʵһ˭ĵһһӣͿԳɻˣټϻӵݲʣġ
ֲֻɣһǳͨķ˰죬ǷͫԼȥġԱվţһӸͫͫӹһͫȴɵĿҵġҪûǴͷϼ
΢Цҵģͷûãǲɡ
ͫŸĪɴԼùͫͷϡ֣ͫһǳֵ뷨Ժγɣѿڶ㲻ǰﶬйһΰɡ
ǺǡЦ˳ò˵ĺܳƽ
ͫԡ
ڻ˵ǰ飬飬鶼ݳƷͣһ£ֵڵ˵ǾݳƷ
ͫĬ
ʱ洫ѵСʿԳ𣿡
ͫ˵żָȴ̺£ԼִˣҪŵʱͻȻڵں˵ÿɱûνĵ㵽Ϊֹ
֪ˡ
󿪿ڵҪǵãﶬľɱ｣ǰѵ
Ҽסˡ
ͫžͼûĳٻֻǵʹ뺫īûз֮ʵôһ𹲴
֪ͫ̾ˡ
Ϊ˽̸еĹϵͫ˲࣬ϳˮ֮⣬پǷѣӣҡҪȥ̣Ȼٴȫû˼
ͫеԥҪҪֻԼûҲֻա͸˼ûиоĶ⣬ҲΪȫȫİ
ʱΪһ޻ӼʹвܣΨһĳ·ҲֻֻڷͫȴܲϣǿȻŮӵûԼ顣
ͫûгڴֻеǳ籩ʱܾͫ̾ںǿ󣬶ҪԵﶬһƬϳˡ˵ʲôĸо֪ºīܡ
һֱԵҲ֪ʱĲǺﶬ̸еϸڣǵʱע
ں֮սƷ䣬һ㶼ְλġֻ˲ͬҪȥģҪ˿ͬһİ취Ǿʤߵá
Ⱥīɣ֪ʲôʱü߽
õĻ÷ͫЩҪȺīʱٻƷ÷ǳơ
һΰѺīȳʱ鷿˼ʱĸֻ˵Լʧˡڵڶٳ֣ǴҪսԻ飬˲ͲֹĸϵʧĻ޾
ڻʼң˽һҪΰһҪΪΪ񣬶һռϡֻͺīĲûһ˿鰮ֵĴڣϵҪȥҺīôӪֵ𣿻˵ѹһȿѣҪȥ޵ʥĸ
̾Ҳ֪Ҫһ˿Ի˵Ŀͨʵڷǳ㡣
⻰÷ͫԺתòɵĵԼ˵ҶԺī𣿡
һ㶼ī𣿡̲סʡ
ͫЦ̫ݳˣ̫ƶûʱҲûоȥˣ˵̫յ񻰹һ㣬

̲ͫסʵҲ֪ڵƣڵôʱȥ̸˵ǾǻĲͷˡ
óĬ˷ͫĻΣʾȫ˽Ρͣһᣬÿͫϣܸᡣ
ҪǴ͵͵īߣҲͬ⡣ͫ˵ķǳ档һﺣ̾ۺڽ¼ϰʱˣһ˽ȥ˴ߵĻʵ̫ˡҪǱץˣʱʲô̸Ҫȿսˡ
ǡ
ûеǣҪȺīǵǲﶬཻ񡣡ͫ˵ĺ棬ֵǴĴ£ҲΪ˺īҲΪī˴һߡ
----------------------------ָ------------------------------------
ͫǵʱϣͣ£ͼһжӸ߾ٻѻ˵ų÷ͫмַģҲνﶬһֱ̬˲ڴͬںҲǺ£ﶬҲ
ȻͫͿﶬ࣬ʹǸʱûκ˸ܣǷͫȴԿ϶
Ҫƣһӻɫȹ֮ǰԶԶֻܿһӰֻȴһ˵Ķǡͫڻ壬˽Ϊ̡绪̫ŮһӢİĸоµơ
ﶬһ֮ȻᲢۣҲ޷ϣﶬܳΪ˿еϴǷǳǿġ
ֻǵȷ߽ͫﶬĳʱͫסˣҲΪƺĹϵҲǶںٹ̵ӡ⡣۷ͫôҲ벻ﶬྐྵȻ˵ˡ
һͷ˽ֱǰͻ̣٣Ƶ޵ģ޵١ԶŮڷͫЩʡ
ݹ٣ҡﶬЦŵɴˬдһ˿˵ģȻǶ˵ġ
ͫһ̬΢ЦӭҲǷǳҡֵʱ򣬷ͫԇһ£ҪǸǰŮ̫
ﶬЦţȴĿתãһĿֻﶬȴû̫ӦЦʣλµСӣ
¡ù˵ţȴһҪƵơ
ﶬԴȻЦݣһèǰצȻƽϡﶬֵ롭
롭
ͫﶬ˲ͷţͫȴԾôܣڽȻĵƾԳƵҪġ״ͣǻɽɣɽĸ߶ȣ͵Ϯǳѡ
ʱͫ˵ʱ򣬷ͫǳ֣ΪʲôһĻӾȻ֪ЩȴЦŽͣҲǸٽģĺһֱͨġͫǾǰϹڽ¡
󲽸ﶬǰߣͫŲڽƳֵһΣڲ½ԽǰߵԽߡ
ߵʯ·ԱߣȴǴмֳС·ͫţİϵܣ֤·
ʯɵĴ·ֱͨڽµĴǰ֪ͫʲôǰĳǱĽȫͬڽµĴȫһﱤ
һԺһԺֿǰȫķ伯Уһ䣬Ȼ󽨳һԲ͡ĳ˵һǱǲĹؼѵء
ﶬƺע˷ͫľȣ΢ЦĽϵİ𣿡
ȫ֪ͫܳʵĻش
ﶬȴЦ˵ǽķ񣬵Ȼоһ㶼֪𣿡
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Ȼٽ󣬵Ժڽ¾ľ˵ȺķӦøӽ߲ŶԣΪʲôǽġ
Ϊĺ˿硣񿴳ͫеɻƵģﶬЦŽֵӺܶܶǰ𣬽ĺ˾ͼͨˣǺܾáǰǰǰʱѸݵذᵽǱߵϣϧǲûкʵĵ죬ȻƮŵĺǵ׻ġ֤ȻǶԵġ
ֻͫǾĿǰԻĿ˵ŮӣȻڻƺһɲмﶬۣ˺ƴɱ⣬βܡһһӵβܵˣֻ̫һͷӶ
˵Щˡ˵ﶬɫһ䣬ĵӭ
Բ͵۽Ⱥ壬мճǴλáɭһƬ⿪ľͬνǽ̻Իˣȴ
һﶬȶǰϵıӣһȾ
ͫҲ롭
ڽµϱʴ󱭣ʹͫҲʼģһһȵˣԼǧҪסУȻЦˡ
˶һСǺֵܿһﶬٴξӣڶףǺͬ졣
ͫҲŶӣȴûкȣ΢ЦֻǷּݻᣬ˵Ϻ
ܱһСңҪﶬཻѣмȥĿĺܼ򵥣ֻǰкãҹҪˣҹʱ顣
ȻҪû飬Ǿֻдˡ鷳һ£鷳һ£ôѵһȺɡ
ͫ˼ﶬܲףתЦ˼ʵ֮Ҿʮˡ
л׼ҲǱҡͫ΢Ц˵š
ﶬͣһֵʱ䲻ˣҲһ·࣬ϢΪӷϴ
ͫϲɫЦǾ鷳ˡ

 54 (ȫ)

ͫסǣ֣ɣеģ֣ɣз䣬ﶬ˵ֻĿ˲ʸ񣬷ͫԼʸһ㶼ɡﶬֲһ䣬䲼ǰʹװġ
ٻʱﶬҲᵽ˽ܾͫﶬеϵҪ˵ϵֻһ·ͫ;Ҫˡ֮⣬ﶬԸ֮ʵ벻ϵ
סԱߵһ䣬ֻȷͫһﶬûΪʲôϵûֻûī£ʱڵﶬ಻֪ܲܶʱû˵Ҳһ̬ȡ
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ֻǼʹԸ˷ͫҲûж˯⣬ȫİķ֣ҾʽҲȫͬġҽķ䲼֣ҲǰĻ뷨÷ͫ΢ĸо
ǸԼͬһӣͫ˵һʲôĸоͷʹƣҲʱ
ȻãҹģԱ춯ͷֻסһסԱߵľãλСӾͲ徲һ
˯ʱǺ˯µģڶȻ졣ƿžͼһӰζͫǰû뵽õķӦҲ˲˾ͽ֡
֪ͫõ书ǴûʵڶûνֻСȵȭŹǷͫһʱ䲢ûռˣټغƺЩ侲ͣȴһδֱתط
ͫȥȻ˵һŮӴҹǾܽӹ뷿ġǶʱ˭˵񷨡
ͫغˣ㲻ҪΪﶬɵӡ
ڰóĬһŵ˽⺫ī𣿡
˽⡣ͫ˵ֱӣûʱҲûȥ˽⺫īҪĦϵͼ߾ǷŻʷ̫ŮĸִС˵ƽ෱¡
ĺúùӵġһ̾Ŀ˵ţü˵ţ ҪͲμʫᡣĳҹ衷ҲҴģٺһЩʫʣͲ⴫˵ãӦøӦ׾ҲһЩҪ鷳

Ȼ֮ʾõŮӶˣ˼һֱصĺʹ֪ԺδԼ⣬֪ﻹϣһ֪మҲĸ黹֪మĵزȷʵԼиˡ
ΪӦø𣿡ͫš
ڰóĬ
ֵͫҪһģһȥҲùҵȥνĳһŭΪգҲ̸սߺ޷ʵУʧָ˭ȥ

ϣʹЩһԼ٣Ҳ֪ԽǴڸλԽǲˡͫ˵ţֵú侲һ°ɣҪľ
ҲܰѺīֵطҧ˵š
£ֻǴԼԼΪͫ˵ţٳŵʱּĵҪҵѨ
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֪˯Ŀɺãﶬȿš
ͫЦе㲻Ӧأ̫İ
ﶬЦŵһΪС̷ܣǵء
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ﶬЦСԷͫû뵽СΪˡ
ͫЦСҴһжɣⲻʲô
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ͫ΢Ц˵ͦĽãȻҲĽʱķġĸд̫ףʵᡭӶµûᵽʱҲѧѧʲôȥʹûܳɹֻҪй뷨ҸġһµʸûС
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ͫͣһ£ȴʵҲΪһ¡
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ҵСɾͫ˵š
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ͫɫȻΪﶬǳأʵ˷ͫһֻûȷͫзӦͼ˺ȾƵ˹ֱﶬղ˵ʲô
ﶬһЦĿã˵īҵˡ
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ﶬһкղŵֳֻˣ˿õĿЩ˼ȴǼѹŭֳͷŬԼ侲š
ˣﶬֵҪʲôԿۡ
Ҫīͫɫ˵š
Ǻǣһûڴû֮صģȥôﶬ˵ţֵνСɾһӣ˭Ű
ҰģҪȥͫ˵š
ߡﶬߣֵҪǲأ
ġͫ˵ţīҪΪʧϲ϶ԷǾԲǺīȻ˽̣Ҳ֪īܵͳ˼״ûȥɱ㲻ˣﶬ໹ָīȫǳ˵λ˵ηͫߣΨһϣˣīΨһľɱ
ˣʧףԼΨһиҲˣľˡ
ﶬЦͲ´ĺ˿𣿡
ˡͫ˵ţһ»󺣵ΧŮӣΪһӾ˽֡
˼װ׵İ˴ߣﶬ෴ʡ
ͫ˵ļ棺νף˵ģھ׿ݣǰƽ

 55 (ȫ)

ͬʱһӵʱ򣬽취ͱ䣬ʤֹںܶǰںˡﶬЩ⣬ͫȻҪ󣬷һ䲢̫ܵ¡ֻﶬǣͫΪɶҪΪīƴ
ֻս鼺ˣﶬ൱ȻܾΪڼһ˵飬⡣
һľҲڴϣͷ켶Ĵ󲿷ֶڴϣ֮ЩЩˡﶬЦֵһ졣
šͫЦŵ
νһҲǺڽϵһ󾰹ۣĸɽȴмοģľ룬мȴȻγһ˹ͨĿȡȻҪʧȥԵľºӿȵĴ󺣡ǾһǱɡ
Ҳֻǵɾģֻǲ֪ʲôʱڽ˵ľ֮ءÿڽµĵڿλʱҪгѡˣһϵеĻ֮һؾһϵľ
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һֱԱ˵ĶԻͫʱɿΪٻЩϣֻǵÿһʱָˡ
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ͫһط䣬ȻһﶬѺīȥȥ·̲סĵط˾𣿡
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ͫҲ֪Լе˵ˣЦοҲҪ̫ˣôҲǸүﶬֻзִġ
ѵﶬʧ˷ִ磿˵š
ݶĸˣҪʲôȫ˵ˡ˵˶еŲҪǷǴ򲻿ɣͿķղסˡ
ﶬ꺣ɱҲʧֵʱ򣻵ͫھô֪꣬ľǷִ֣浽ɱ۵ʱΣյֻǷͫ˵ͫʵսȫﶬࡣ
ͫЦôˣһȥīͺˣҪϢһ¡
㲻ī
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ΪֱսϸʵãʱԵĵ˲书൱ĸ֣ڶӱýʵսôľһʿıӶ࣬ûĸýġ
ڸղﶬýʱȴõǽֶģҲˡýʹЩײ࣬ҲԿĳﶬ书ɱУÿȡ
ͫΪ⵹һûᣬΪɱʱĸԷȻ϶˵ݣֶܷŵ¡
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Լֻһܳڳо˵Ĳʣˣտﶬò¹Ҳ͹ȥˡʹڷ˵Լǩ״ˣǾֻ˵Ǽˡ
ҪﶬˣҲб䶯ܲƽܿ϶뵽ͫԼȥˣҪ˼ȥͲôˡ
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ֻԶԶνһ죬ȷͫȥʱ򣬷ͫԼеνգֻȥһľĸоܿھУռкܴıʱҡûȥ
һһˣﶬҲﶬǴ󵶣˵ŮʲȴȫһͷӸõġ
ͫȻýȻĸϳ谮ʦȴҲͬҡͫ书ϵݲߣڹ̿࣬ʱҲȽϳ㣬Ψһȱٵľʵս顣
Ϊһʧƴֵ𣿡ﶬͻȻڡ
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롭
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һﶬͫԷΪд׵ɱﶬЩͷʹһԣûоԵʣǿ¼ʹܿᣬҲδ˵İյ˾׼ûжʵսүȻ˵ǿ
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á
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ˡͫһת˲ͼﶬﳤַֻҲﶬ೤һ˲䣬ȴǰʯ֮䣬ﶬֶһذףֱϮͫࡣ
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Ӯˡﶬ˵š
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㣬Ҳ㶪ﶬЩ̾˵š
ǫˡͫ˵ţﶬ⻰Щǫˡ
ﶬȴЩЦĵʥӵӮû
ͫɫȴˣѿʣ˵˭
Ϊﶬ໰Լմ˵ڽзһ㶼֣ʥֻ֣ܳڻϣʷġ
ﶬ൹һֵĵ򰡣ѵ㻹֪𣿡

ʥǰѵһĽ˧֮ţֻ˵Ӧñ֮İй֮޲ﶬ˵š

 56 (ȫ)

һʱͫе㱣ʥĸֲռȫ˼ǧ붼ûϵﾹȻƾλġ
Ȼڻʵ˵ŮѪףͬʱҲΣյĵˡŮץȨף񰲹ģҪԪʵĶ裬ʹо²ܣҲѩصˡ
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ʱīϹڣͫ͵ʲô룬һȥ
īͷֱҧŴֱӹ£лү
ͫѺӣʹ˸ɫŮѸٷźīֵͫЩҪ̸뿪֮ǰСӾͺˡ
ﶬͫŵùģúīúʡ
ǡ
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ϵʢһ㲻ӭĹģСͫﶬȾƵʱȻﶬ࿴ЩźҲķڷˡﶬĻ˵ܸʥӵһ㶼ѿ
ֻǷ֣ͫĻֻɻ֮ǰѹûҪԼҵģﶬ⻰еֻʵںѴӷж
ƹѮͫ˵飬ﶬЦû⣬ߵʱ򣬿˭ֻܴ߾ͺˡ
ͫϲæֻЩϤֻԼ·ߵˮ֡
ﶬЦعǫҾǲӣҲʥӡʱҪһһ١
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ﶬЩ˼ЦʥӵľΪ֣һǴ򺣵ǿ塣ֻҺڽ¾ܹʥӲչˡҺǵĻԶ̫ԶȻŪѶܱˣʥӵĴҲ˲
ͫøǾȣﶬ࿴̲סЩ㶼֪𣿡
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ͫҲһ£ʶһͷϵӡﶬ࿴ŷͫҲȵʥӵﰡ
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ڷͫʱﶬȴʵмҲ鷳֮ǰī
ͫԥһµû⡣ҪˣﶬֻҲôС
лˡﶬЦš
ڶʱͫҪȥˣֻߵʱﶬȴѺīеһߡǴǳ˵⣬ﶬҪʲôȴǿ
Ҳ˵ﶬıܻ䣬ǰ뺫īôνˣ˷ͫīǷͫˣ˵ˣ̸ֻҲҪܻһ¡
ȷҪȥ𣿡ﶬš
ǡīҧ˵ţڵĺīͼսеèȫèֱġ
û֮ءﶬʵʵ˵
֪ī˵ʱڴһʧһû֮صģ˭
Ƿǳѵõĺˡﶬ˵ţȴīֵᰮ㡣
һʥŮǲܰϺīģīȥֻΪΣ밮޹ء
֪Ҳ䡣ī˵š
ﶬЦˣһ㶼˽Ҫϲ㣬겻ȫģ෴Ҫǲϲ㣬ǳҲ㡣
Ȼֻͫǳܿ͸ˣīȴûסͫǸֵŮӲǺīϵõȫ췽ҹ̷
ҲӸΪ˵ͫ뺫īϣõİģʽȫ෴ġīһ仨Ҫ˽ϧͫȴһһһеꡣī̫ˣͫ˵̫̫
ﶬֵҲΪһͷ˵ĻǳûпŶȣȷʵͦϲġһͷһΪһಫ
ߡīЦô˵νϲǿȡҪˣʵڳܲ𡣡
ﶬЦʵҲеСˣһֱΪʧҪôҪôҪҪɱѰ̼û뵽㻹̹ȻĻȥ
ī̧ͷֱﶬΪʲôҪһǿǿռҵŮӣʱǸĵزΪʲôȥһʧ޷㣬ֻ˵޷ȻԸ⻹ңǾͱʾ֮أΪʲôҪȥ
һϯﶬЦǼҵ۹⻹ǲġ

ﶬҪ߾߰ɣҪˣʱңһһֱ㡣
-------------------------------ָ-------------------------------
غ·ϷͫԺī䣬źīʼﶬ͸ļ
ﶬӦˣķǳ󷽣һжʮ÷ͫеľˡٷ˹鹴ᣬôҲһˣèһоС
ڵˣôЩ˺ʡͫ뷨ͽܣټԭϴĹһһ𿪿ν̵鷳Ǻ·ߣȻͫ˼뵽Ǹʥӵķţͫһ˵ĸо
̸̸ֲ֪Ҫ̸ЩʲôһˡͫĲ֪Ҫôáţȴδ֪ͫ˭
ãҪѺӣ£ŵʱȻҪ˵ںīʱӦòŵҲֻλСˡ
㲻ȥī𣿡ţˣⲻֻܿһģӰڳϱĿ
ͫ̾ŵҺۡӶµʱָоļָоԽԽԡ֪īĺã̫ҲʱᶪԴүûʱȥЩ鰮
㡭ſ˵ʲô
ͫȴסѺī˴ҼеˡûʱҲûоȥ飬ǵĲ̫Ůģ治ã̫ŮܾҪǰˣ˵ؾ֮һʲô

Ҽ˵û̸˵ʱ䣬ûȥ˰˼ͫͣһֵڻԺ󣬶СӲҪī¡ΪһҲ̶ֳȶٶˡ
ֻǿ촽˵ʲôȴû˵ڣֻתš
ͫ̾Ҳѻ˵ôأֻûǸˡо˲ȶԭȻܱӻĸԽԽû˶֡ʱĸǳӰĸϹ֮󣬵ôһ³ڱҪʲôˡ
оʥӵķţ̫Ů֪ġһֱ̫Ůһξ֮⣬ȴûκεĶǲǱʾţ˽ＺЭءǸӭȢ򣬵׻ʲô
Ӵ˲࣬ͫ͵͵ȥģȻҪ͵͵ء֪ż۶һװ̷ҲˣֻǷͫվڴͷԶʱһȴС̴ʹͬʹһ˴磬ͫǵһۿôҲʾˡ
ڷͫ뿪ļ죬ǵסᵽ֪һԺȻ֪˼ǰԼĸۡճȴС̴ֹүڻ΢֪ҪæٿճһԺʲ
ͫİȻ⣬Ȼˣ˼δ֮ǰѡһ¡֪ʲôˣ͹ȻٸƼ˲е
һȰ٣ͫ˴ڼ˲صģ˵Ժ֮Ҳضǳࡣ
īסһģͫʹã˵ĿǰҲûʲô£ȸǻˡͫҲٺīٲˡ
ĵһһԵģīȻģǿȫûȥѰ˴˼ͫҲǱȽ⡣ƴƴ̳ˣҪǻٰ֪֮ģ͸ˡ
Ϸ̷ͫ˯Ȼϴʱٻе㾡С̵ΣֱľͰڴϵġ
һĸоΣڴ£΢Цʡ
̧ͫۿôϢ
ֻЦش⣬ֵӦĴŮɣҪҪ쵰
ֻͫһƽĿ
ȴḧĦŵǲе£
Ůˡͫ˵ţٴһɳսûʲô˵ġ
Цû˵㲻ãǾںˣû˻Ц㡣ǵͷһɱ˵ʱһҹû˯š
ͫһֱƽڶԵЩˡ˳§סȥ˾Ͳ̫࣬԰Щ飬һĻۣûһʼͳΪ˵ġ
ͫͷļϣллİο
Ц˵ܲˡ
֮㵱Σͫš
ֻ΢ЦҵĻ𣿡
̧ͫۿһֱûʹ㣬󣿡ǵóʱ˵ҪСͿԵŮˣҲʮˡ
Ҫ𣿡ʡ
ֻǺͫ˵š
ǳһ㵱ĸס
ͫüлشûشһ
ǳĵӦ룬ҲʧȻһӵĳɻʮ꣬Ůӵʮ̫꣬ʱ򣬷Աеġ
ͫԼüëҪˣװķˣԱ𣿡
˵أЦŷʡ
ͫȴ̸̾ЩģֱյֵĵطʵкܶΣﶼѻˡ
ڷͫ̾ʱȴʼˣͫбۿûޡ
ȴûֻͣЦһΪүء
˴סͫʱ򣬷ͫȴ̲סʣΪʲôң
ͣһ£ĵˡ
˶Ӱ𣿡ͫʡ
ƺе̾ŷͫҲЩ㱣Ҵûǻѵõ֪Ƶˡ

 57 

ʱͫæĴڹǰȰѺ˵ĸ׼áȻиȨҲ٣Զ㡣
뿪ˣҪٸķ˵ҴҪ̣ͨǿʼǮͶʰɡȻϵķҲǱȻȻҲôȥĴں˲š
ͫںʵ˽ⲻ࣬ö硣Ǹ֣Ҳ֪һ򺣵Ĵ󽫾Щʵ̫סȻͫҲûɵȥʶԸͻܣΪʵҪİæ
Ҿڻ֮ҲûҪȥĳ̶ֳ˵ͫԼʾһַ
֮ͫǺīȻҲæˣ캫īͻȻͫµлү֮Ը°౨
ͫһ£Ϊǰʱīٻʾһ˼īرףǵЧ֡
ͫ̾ҲΪʧĹϵúīŮ鰮ˣֻǵıδ֮ת䣬ʵ˵ԷͫǴһõİ֡
ֻǷͫҲЩΪīпҪûǳұ䣬ҪǵʱȵһᶮŮӣīһ˶ı䡣
˵ת̻תĶ˵׼ںī˵˦鰮С˼ȥר飬Ĳǰ;ȻԱһߵһ˵š
ʵҲͦĽЩʱ̸˵ˡͫ˵š
Цȴĵ㻹Ҫȥλߵĵ㲱ӵʱ򣬲Ϊôһ˿
ллĽ̵ͫ˵ĺ棬ڵȷʵҪ̵ǵ÷˵ٶȳɳĵطսϧûսĻᡣ
ǰʱǸоܵ˲ϣʵʲôǵܵϣϦʱϵĳȫͬġ˵ģӳС
ݵ£ͫڹݣֻһ׮Ҳչ̰ۡҷֿˣǮģֻ󼸸غ֪ݱĿ̫Ůʵ̫ԶڸڷͫЩǮϸǺīȫԾ׼λ
ͫҲˮ㣬ֻǶԱһͲܲ̾Ĳɱ䣬ȻúԶ֣Ǿµģмֲ̡
һºϷһ̰۰д۵ʱͫԼֶеϽȴǹӲһһһ˿Ķҡ
˿֮ͨغĹԱϾͻ޸״̬ںδһǶ˴˽۹ذ첻ԵʾοˣҪ̫ŮڳǰκĿдͫ⣬ͫȻ
Ȼ̫Ůֻּмļ֣ƾþ
ºɱ¾ʼͫûеȵһնֱӿɱˡͷңļҲ̰۵Ĳֲ롣ͫܲҡͷ֪ʮѩ⻰һ㲻ӡ
ʵʱǰ˸ͷѪֻڿʱֱӹˣһɡ
ͫ˼ֻּᣬʵ˵غݵĳǲҪһ飬ĹԱǣĶ١˸˰ģû뵽ȴˡ
ЦǳĵİǳүˣҪԼνĵˡ
ô֪ģͫû̫ȣֻǵѯʣԴӴﶬʥź󣬷ͫϷ鶼û̫ȹֻ֪ϢԴ
ЦȻҵϢԴҪǵãʲôʱ鱨ҪһҲȸץסһ
ܸܲþָһ¸ôͫš
ͣһ²ŵϢԴ㣬һڳһҰҪǾڳнᵳ̫ѡҰʵ֤ܶʱҰϢڱڳҪ׼Ķࡣ

˵ľЩľҪԼŬˡ˵š
ĺлл㡣ͫشĺϡ
ʽɱ죬ͫ׵ն٣һſͷءѪһ˲ʱ򣬷ͫͻȻеǰ˵ǹĻ׷Ȩ˵ıԡһ仰־˵أȻۿẓ́ܲͷȴһ˵ĸо
ͷҲǼҾҲһֹ˼Ҿʱ򼺾˵ķ룬ʽūӡʽڱټ˻硣
ͫȥģȴ˹ȥЩͫģĳ̳֮һĲ̡ɹٷṩλõģҲǰõġʱ䵽֮˾ͱһ̨ϣȻ·ӡūӡ
뵱Ȼ·ǲٴȥŮȫ˲ιƷšмʲôȥˣҲֻӵֻˡʱ򻹿ԻǮȥ˾ȫûֵˡ
ǰֵط𣿡
ͫҡͷûھǿ
ӽ£ߴʿֲ֮࣬¶벻ῴ˵ţֵʵҲһο
ܴ𣿡ͫʡ
ͬС졣˵ţȴͫЦ˵Ҳɵġ
ͫüˣҲûԩǡ
ûҪȥǵļ˺޹ʡ
ȫۣⲻֹǴ⼸Ĺء˵ûȥַɣԺƷҲͷͫ˵ţĹҲ̣ȻڵԺҲԭʥĸҲȥЩǲǻòͷˡ

 58 

һٳϴ֮󣬺˽չҲ͸˳ڷͫר֯һЩСѧУĴ޳ﶬԼͫҵϴͬɵһѵأһЩеһƽ񶼿Խȥѧϰ
ֻǷͫһ뷨Ҫ˴ҪߣôеľͲֹһ˻ˣҵĴ͵ʿҲҪˣҲȥһ졣෴רſѧϰĵط˲Ųܳþá
ڷͫϴȵشչȭŵʱؼһֱûյָʾּͫ˵ϴּ꣬÷ͫؾ
ͫһ̲ҵ飬ӵּ⣬ڶϾʹ·ˡԽǹϴԽҪ洫ʲôּһֲȫɣһĴǾǰѱ
ΪؽĹϵͫг̱ʱҪ죬Ϊʱһм磬Ȼּ˵Ľȣּ⼺£ηͫҲҪǰȥȻһܵġ
Ȼͬ·ʵһǰͫλСôؼҹ꣬Լûߵ˼ͫȻˡ˵īһæȷʵɶˡ
īϸͫ⣬λСӰЩ֮һЩٳֻҪ˳֡
ӭүظ
λȻһʽ΢Цŵüۣһ˵ζ
һ˵ݵʱһڷͫ˯֮ʱ׼ˡͫԺۿֻЦǰȥظǴ£Ҫǰŵġ
ȻٴεС̻С̣ظӭүظ˵ǳ򵥵İţѵõ޷죬˲
ֱͫӵװֱӽ
ǡӦţȻԸȥݡ
̲ͫסýиСָ̽·ĺۣܲ־Ͳˡ
ЦҡҡͷȴԼǰŷͫ·ֵ̫ˣҽ˵ൽ괺졣
ͫһ£Ҳף̫˵ҲǸˡ̫ҪȥѦȻҪƫƫȢѦڹؽĸˡ
ƺ˼廹ãһǾû⡣
һҡͫʱֻ̾û̾꣬ܲ鷳֣Լɡ
үĳװǳ鷳Ա߰æȴԽԽæҲмεĵĺܱǸڴ˵
ͫҲЩҪ̺Ů˶ͨĻǾ̫ˡ
Ȼ·Ƿͫһװʱ򣬻ԵþǳӡԪʵɫҲ൱ֻüƣ̬ǳˣͫòϣĸʱĲˡ
Ǭֹ˷ͫ⣬ةྐྵȻҲڣͫվԱֻԪʵ۵ǻ¾ͷةˡ
ǡӦţһԱߵķ֪ͫ캣˴󹦣ջؾּҲҶţˡ
Ԫʵۻ¡
ֻԱߵķͫȴ̾ĸϾȻ޻ˣԼҲ֪ʱ䲻ˡ̫濪ʼǰʵ۶ʮȥģĸϽ꼺ˣļӻˡ
ˣԪʵЦͫ˵ĲĵúãҲɱĺá
ͫͷһ£æ³çˡ
Ԫʵ΢ЦҪúһˣĺá
лĸϿ佱ͫԷ
Ԫʵֵǰܾ㻹̫Сû뵽ΪҴµүˡ
ֻͫЦЦ֪˵ʲôʡ
ԪʵֵԺ̫Ůúðǵĳ㣬Ժ޲ˣӻǵġ
ĸ϶ˣֻһʱ䡭ͫæ˵š
ԪʵȴҡҡֵԼ׵ġ
ͫԡ
Ԫʵֵȥ̫ɡ
ǡ
ǬֹͫŸҰĿѹǹ³ǳ̫ˣէһعջе㲻ӦȻȰȥȻҵ̫׻ǲġ
ڴȰ൱ֵģʷ򣬷ģѦŷ漶ڡߵ̫֮ۿͫҲˣǰ̫򿴿
ͫѸٹȥ̫ʱȴסˣֻǰû뵽˼ݵƤͷԭӺݻݼ㲵Ĳӡ
̫ŷֵͫƽͺãڻѵþƽ֡
һ仰˵Ա߼Щԣͫȴף̫Ĳˣ˵滰ˡ
˵˼䣬ͫ͸ˣĸһĴȰֻһ·öԣֱ˻ʳǴʱͻȻԸԸ
ͫˣ˵ǾԲһּ
ͣһֵĸ˵ҳ
ֻͫĿŷģӦþĸ϶ڷĵİŰɡͣһ£ͫʣأһ𣿡
ҡͷ廹һδģĽ֮꣬һҪѴ⻼׳ˡ
㣬ֻ㵽ʱ򡭡̲ͫס˵š
ŵõĹ̫Ů˵š

 59 

һֱظͫǾ䣺ŵĹڵĻʷϼڵķΧ֮ڣĸϸ˵Ǿ䣬úø̫Ů˵ĺףǰ˻ʷϣֹΪǽõƽҪһȨˡ
ȷʵ˵ĶƵۺ󣬷ͫԺӻĲֻǷأǾ£ʹڰӾʮƾˡƾûбּ֣ҲӦԵһϾӡ
Ӱ̫ˣڷ̫Ůʱ˵ҪӲƴҲʤ㡣ڷŵĹһΪҪõĵΡֻǵǻ֮״ͻı䣬ľͻΪµħ
мԭɷĲ벻ףֻȻѡֻͫͷۣ治ҲûʲôҪŷĲԶˡ
үʲô
ͫۿҽ㡣
΢ЦԻе˼ά
̧ͫͷȴġ
ȻڳȴҰǽˣ˼ʽǡ˽ʶӢӢۣڷӦ˼˵š
ǷǽӢۡͫ̾
ЦսǰɱЩ꣬۹Ǿеģ˰ѹȥȻԭ򡣡
˼Ҹҽ۹⣿ͫʡ
ҡͷЦʹҲǰ£θɡ
˼Ҹþ䡣ͫ˵š
ѵүЦʡ
ͫȴֱô֪ģŵʱ򣬷ĲŸ֪ʵЩ˼顣
Ʋġ˵ţֵҲ֪强ˣ԰۰̶ȣҪ·ҪôǷλҪôǾԶȨġλˣʱ䲻ԶȨģһթ·մӹл̫бʣᰲ˵ʲôˡ

̫ˡ˵š
ͫĬ
һ´ֻͬһһһȻڳжȹġ̫ǰһһ죬ѵʱ򶼲ˡԵʱֻ˵ֽҵĶҵĶֻǼʹԪʵ۹ȥˣ̫ȻһѰҵӡ
ÿļ绹ǶʱˣΨһϲѶǳүСһŮٳɢһЩ֮ԪʻԼ֡
죬ȰֻǲȴּҪѺīȥͫǲ֣ȥīΪǰ̩ү飬ѸٻװȻ̫򿴵īֱ֣Ⱥīǰ̫źī֣ллǺңЩ𹩷ҶȪδܿࡣ
īֻԱ߳Ĭ
ϧٵһûΪǼЩʲô̫˵ţֵ׵̫ʧˡ

̫תͷͫȻҲ֪Щ꣬Ҵ㲢ǺܺãһϣҴ㲢ķϣԺĪҪ⺢ӡ
仰˵ķͫҲ̾µ̫ģֻҪһ죬ͱ֤˺ˡ
úӡ̫ŷ
³̫ްоɥֻԪʵһֱûдù˽̫ŮʵôʱԪʵϳĴָģֻȴһֱûκγҪ̫Ů
ɥ°꣬ҲˣΪ˵Ĺϵ̫ŮֱͫȫȨ֮󣬾ͼ౨һʾÿϰ磬°ؼҶᱳۡ
żһأͼͱһġŮˣͫŲܲ棬ǺῴϲСˣҪ⺢ģ
үˡ￴ͫݣŮЦŵ
˭Һӣͫš
ȴûشֻǵʵСʱҲͦɰġ
ͫǲ˼飬ЦѵҲһʵʱԪʵۻ˴£˵ɻҲˣһ¸кˣʹ￴ǳ䣬ؾСɾīڣô˷ͫҲá
ŮҲһүҪԸ⣬·ǳˡЦŵ
ͫüͺǲҪۣѱкӻǴ鷳
￴ͫûȥ̶ҪŮȥͫȴְŮ´ۣ·ȻµģǿϷǳһ㣬ʽҲȫھйеġͫŬԼԵУʣ߱ĸ׽ʲô
СŮеһ˫Բۿŷͫ۵ĸճ塣
ͫһŷӦȴֱ۾ճ壬ưۣͫôҲϲﾹȻôˡ
ȥɡԸԱ̶
̶СŮȥſͫүôôԾ
ͫŻعˣĿŵ£ԱΪ޻鷳ġ
Цүģү֪ܿ
ͫ÷ǳȴ޷ڴ֮ǰȷʵһ㶼֪
ֵֻүǷ񻹼ǵãڼµһ񻰵Ĺ¡
ͫһ£ղŵСѵǸ˵콵ľһŮŮģʱﻹӹ˵Ϊ
ЦŵͷȻодĹǲǳ壬ʵĹԭȷʵǳĸŮ
ͫ￴òϣʱ޿̲ŹѪƫƫһѪ¼ĺȴ𾪵ġ
ֵʵҲ⣬ֻһȾȻ˽ưۡ

㿴ֻ㣬δػ㣬һ㡣˵ţѳߣǾͱʾа۵ĳ廹һԼĴˡֻҪͲ˷ͫ
лͫǳ˵š
ˡЦŵ
ʱҪ˵÷ͫĿǾǳ壬˵ԪʵҲǳ壬Ȼ״ԪճԱʱ򣬳ǻ̫Ůֱ¡ٳһ࣬Ŀǰ˵жǳ˵Ʒ֮ȴ
ǹ壬ȻＺˣֽǿԿһġ߽幤棬ȻδãǾֳ鶼õġѵǳǶϻǶ£һԲģ
ŮͫҲǵһ˵ֻ֪Ƿа֮Ҳһֱý˵ףܾгôŮƾ֪Ҳǳ١
˯֮ʱͫȴ˵үߵͦģ
һ£Цү֪ģ
ҵϢ;ͫ˵ţʵӣҶĸϰġһоĻӺ׼޹ͫмֲΪʵһЩͬǹȨĸ
ͣһµҲ˵ߵĽֻǷĳͣʵҲ⣬үһүȻϲ񡣡
ͫҲм⣬ֻȻعͽν£Ϊ𣿡
ֻ֪̫Ů̶ֳȡ˵š
ͫһ£̾ǽ̶ֳȣڶ̫Ů֮ġ
Ϊĸûʱˣһλʵ̫Ůǰ϶飬ٴҲδʵ۹ȥ˵ǽøһֱܲ
ֻЦͣһֵүƷȻܲֶܴ󷽡
ͫȻ֪ľνĴҵҪǮͫﻹ治ˬ
ֵ֮⣬ү޽֮Ĵٹʤʹ뻳ɣҲҲ֤硣
ͫ˼ȻүǾԲ𲻱ҪĻɣӶ۵ֻĻȴ÷ͫ룬ѵڸҵԭΪԾΪڸͽԱı
ֻĹԱΪ
￴飬Ц㰡˼̫֮࣬һẦˡ˵߹ȥŷͫȥ
ͫҲˣ̾Լ˵Ҹ㼸֡
Ǻǡ

 60 

Ӱӵ㣬ѵһϢͫŶ˯һᣬû뵽ƻȴ⼱үѦŮˡ
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ͫһ£ī飬ȻͫǼκεʱֵ̫ټϺīǾǵķԻؾ֮󣬾ЩԷ;ʾͫҲֻȥˡ
ѵѦͰ͵ʱΪ˺ī飬ҪģͫͲܲˡҲʲôʱһŮ֮ΪЩһۿ˭ﶼΪΪһСɾԵʡ
ڱЦֵ˵ѦŮҲѵõˡ
ֻͫ̾
ȷͫʰ˳ţͼѦ缺ȵЩˡͫæӭү
ѦŮ簡ͫЦţֵ֪Ůôν£
Ѧ絹Ե֨ɫҲмֲ˼ͫǲ³ߡ˷֣ȴʣŮʲô֮𣿡
ͣһ£ѦɫĵΪ˵¡
ͫϲɫīɽŵСɾѦŮкθϵŮ˵ñ֪ô˵ˡ
仰µѦ˵ֱͫӵŮҪ飬ذɡ
˵ͫҪңѦͻȻȻЩԿڣһֱԣҪү˺ˣҲ롭
ĻѦû˵꣬ΪͫתͷֱīǺīΪһЩС¾˵һЩûϹŮҪΪīãǲҪЩĺá
仰Ѧ˵ĶЩվס
ͫͿ͡
ȻѦī֮÷ͫежֻôЩ͵˵Щúī֮ءҥֶֻĵȥǸӻϼ͵ȥڡ
صңͼСΪﴩ£ͫЩһʱ֮ĶԼ֣ȴÿζС̽
ͫɵĵ˵ģԼ·𣿡
ͷͫһ׳յ
ͫҲԼЩ׳գؾС˸ȥݵʱ·һԼġ
ͫ⣺ΪŮӴ·𣿡
ҡͷҲǸ˵Ҳڴ˵
ǡͫĻûȥǵ֮ʱΨһһθԼͷʱ˵ǵڶôһ֪һʲôˡʵĵĿԣʳŪЦ
ȴûע⵽ֻͫǵѦŮ˵ʲôˣ
Ҳû˵ʲôֵֻͫ̾ǹݵҥԶ𣿡
￴һЩû˿⴫
Ǿͺáͫ˵ţԿνʷ֪ͫģӺڽ»֮īȻЩͬȴǺоһֱææĴе飬ƻӣڴķ⻧ҲܻĴ
ͫЩ̾ȴûֹⱲмԼȥС
ȴֵЩСҲڡ
ˡͫµ˵ţõΪֹ׵ģ˶ûˡ
ȴЦЦмζɲֹǿ˵ġ
ͫˡ
ֻЦȴû˵ʲô
ʱԪʵ״תȻǰʱԶǱǰԴʱǺ̫ˡ
Ԫʵõʱ̫ŮһλҵԻ幬еĳ֮Ԫʵ۵ͷˣ̫Ůȫ̰š
صѡڻʼ԰֣ΪԵЩһЩɢʦһһС԰ʽүǶ׼ʱˣΨԪʵһġ˵ԴԪʵ۲󣬷ļûعȫǽݡ
ͫΪһֱæŰ칤Ĳ£һʱδû뵽¶ݶˡȻһȷʵԵõˡҪǷԪʵһֵģֱͫ׷ȥʼ䡣
ʱһ죬ԪʵߵķҲؾֳѦҲҪϯġѦôҲ̵ԪʵߣһֱԪʵ۶Ѧ̫⣬ڵΪ⣬һֱûΪһӰŮ
ʱԪʵֱ˴£ŪѦЩ²̨ҲΪԵʣʱѦԪʵԶԶģ¿鷳
ͫȴǽŻȥѦʹȻ٣׻ǻġ
үҲû˵ʲôֻǾüͷѦ˵ţһ˵ÿηĻ˵һԲ𡣳оƼˣĵѡ񼺶ʲôܳеΨѦȴһеûѡء
ͫҲֻ̾
Ѧֵ̫ȥʱүˣڻ岻ãүǵĹȵԭ򡣡
ͫҲֻ̫ܽ̾ѷģ̫ȥĵǿ֪ԪʵҲǣЩĵĸԳκһŮֻǵķľͱκһ
ûʳʲôϢˣͫҲҪǡѦͻȻҲǸܾûȥīˣ𣿡
ܺáͫ˵ţͣһֵڸȥȥȥɡ
ȻѦûʲôͬ㲺ܶࡣ뵱Ǹֱ׷߹صѦȣʵԵеˡ
ԪʵһֱѦ̬ȲܲѹټϳнҪĴʣֳʱ䲻ڸѦӲù
ллүˡѦ˵š

 61 

ʱ죬һҲֻ׼ʱŻǡôԣһ䣬ԵʱϾǻ֮Ľˡ߸ŮȫǸֵ£Ҳ͸ҡ
ڶֿǻʵָҲѡĵһԪʵָģͫŮϳҲһһϰߣԽСԽĸüһŮǵ书Ρ
ͫϳ˸䲻ӮͫΨһеǷڳֵǶ÷ִˡǰĸǰУҲʲôݶʲô֮ǰٵǱͱӣֳҲ˺
ֻǷͫλ֮ȴС˾䣺书ڼżλ
λɡͫ˵ţͷ˭֪׾ʵʵ˵ãͫԾ̫ࡣ
ȳүΣʡ
ͫһ»ҡҡͷʵʴ˲֪
ͫ˵Ĺ򣬾ͼԪʵߵķĻ³²ͫˣԪʵ۶ˡﺣİ³ĻŮпûһֵ֮ġ
ȴ̫Ůλã̫Ů̡
һʱȫǶǴҳһȷӦľ̫ŮˣֻЦãɳ֮ްܼİһ֣Ҳ֮¡
ʷϵɫֻǼʹֹҲ̫Ů³мսλʱļڶλŵ
ŮѽϣֻǵĵС̰ѳǹʱ򣬷ȴǹ
Ľӹǵġ
ǹûʤ㡣˵ţɫûһ˿Ըζֻ˵һʵ
Щûùˡĵ˵ţսֻǹý˾ʱõĵģ̫û϶ˡ
һ˫ɫֱģȴתͷԸŮǹ
ȴ̾һɡ
ȻһƽĿġ
ɫޱĵһսӦĻˡΪܾˣԻһЩ
˵ʲôֻǰνʱȴͻȻЩ˸еĵǵãһսµս顣
һ˵ţȴǻּ䣬ֱѽ˦Լλ
롭
롭
Ļ䣬ֻһֱӽ档һж۷ĻǷֱӵĹҲýͱ㣬ֱӿɱ
һ֮󣬷ȱ䣬˵֮ġʮȻǷķء
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һǲ£ֻȻǷСԷͫҪô
Ļ䣬ɱŵķȴͻȻֿˣַֽ£ȫǲ䱸ģȴԷĵоΣ
תתáý˶Ծĸо治һĴ
Կʼ𣿡ʡ
ʼ
ĵһʼӽֱֻһתܿһδַһУ׼Ľһ󽫾еļʽ
ͫǷȴܲɻ󣬾ﶼ̲סСʷ̫ͫŮн𣿡
ͫɨһۣԶèܽ׼ң̫ŮȴܡǸղŵʵǹ죬ûн飬ڷҪ֮ǰûκϵĽȴ˷Ϥýʱ䣬ҲǷǳȻţУȴһ㡣
ڷֹͫʱ򣬳ϵıȶ˰Ȼһ֮Ҳǧ֮Ѽ߳ⳡͬӷ˵˿ʼ֮˾ֱӽ
ɳƴɱĴ󽫾ǲÿ̳һһ˵İҳо׼ֱҪ
йأ书Եôʹÿеһ㲻ȷĲ֮иɱ
ٶжȫƽɫĸûֵĴ㣬ҿһָով˵ĸо
Ǻ书̾ŵ
֪ͫǷԷĵĴ󽫾ݣ书ǸһЩҲûʲô˵ġͬڳ£ûжʵᣬ书ĺѵˡ
ΣЦʷͫ
ͫƲƲʮʱ̫ŮڵҸ߳ܶࡣ
У̫ŮԲȥԽĸɽϵĲ໹ʵϵĲ඼ԶүΪһֱûнֵĹϵҶԣԸղ˵ʵӦŵλҡ
ﲢԵ⣬ȴʷͫղ̫Ů˵밲ǰͱȹһʲôʱ¡
ͫͣһ²ŵҲǸ˵뺦ңҽὣȥһʷ顣
еףԭԼҷıҲ֮ˡʣҲֻʱ̫Ůսɣ˭˭Ӯ
ƽ֡ͫشţֲ䣺ҽ̫Ůһͷ̫Ůҽǰص½󡣡
£˭һ㣬һǱɡյĽƽ£ǵôʱ˶Щɱ۵ļʽʱ״Ԫʵ뺰ͣͣ
֮ȴֱͣӶԷܾãȻ˳ͫȻ꣬ȴԱ߿Ҳľڵʱ˵ȴǵ÷ǳﻹ̾ԼҪʽͺˡ
ͫţֻСЦⳡҲƽˡ

 62 

ٴƽֵճĽ˲⣬þȫֳȴĽ֡
սʱЩź㼺ЩͷûýˣһûӮ㡣
Ҳû䡣˵š
΢Цû䲢Ӯ
ĳĬ
ȹֵллָ̡
ллָ̡ͣһ²˵š
λ³ֻǳԻδһѹֲ̫ңʵ൱Ķ־Ͳ̫ˣʵ൱Ķֿʹȫһƴ͸ѵˡ
˵˵С̨ڲͬӦǷͫԪʵۻڣûʲôԪʵϾҪˣ̫ŮĽ
˵ľ󣬾û³ˣԪʵ۶ûָ˵˼һ֮Ԫʵ۵ɫǳأ֪Լʱ䲻ˣֻǷҪô졣⺢ӴС׼ʲôͲȥ˵˲ʹʲôźˣһҲٻ
ûлĹϵҲɢر죬Ԫʵ۾ͲˣȥϢҲǱġ
ͫһִ֪磬ʱܡصҲǳ˷ϢˣֻҪ˯µʱͻȻǴһܡ
ͫһ£һү˻Ȼһģ˵Եˡ
΢Цү̫죬Ҹϡ
ͫɵĵŻ˵̫գˣϴ¥ʹŵʱʶ书ڻ˵Լ˵ࡣ
ȻΪдԣ֮󣬵ͿʼʰظˡҪ˵ǱġǵǴԵġʱҪõǰĸүĸһЩȻҲʹ͡
жӳͫߵӹ·ãȻҲҲүףүһԾͺ˵ˣؾǳصġ
뵽ͫЦŸԵ鷳ˡ
ƺûƽ˵Ц飬ֻǵʱ̫Ů밲һߵģ
ܡͫ˵ţ˵׵Ϊ˲¼ҵط
ޣӦһȴЩĲɡ
ͫв죬ٻֵĻΣոͫϮ䱸Сǲ˵ʲôˣ
˷ͫһο飬ֻһЩֵĻҲ̫ˡ
ͫɫȴأﶼ޷ȷҪʲô£ͫûˡӽ£ʼԷŮһϯԻҪǻ״пܵľǻʵ
ԪʵʱйҵĿԣ̫ŮЩ꣬ܵⲻ⼸죻Ҫı̻ϣĵһ̫Ůʱд̻ʵۣԴ⡣
̫Ůд˻ʵۣȻƸ˷ģŻʵȥֱ֮ӽġ̫ŮĻʱǳ֮󣬷ͫ÷Ķ̫Ů˵ΣҲֻƾо
һĿȻ̫Ů˭֣Ĳᣬˡүͷǳ˵ˣǰ̫Ů밲һ˲ϣ
ץסֵ侲һ㣬Ҳֻ̫ˡ
ͫ
Цò˵Цһ˳ֵֻڻҾҪʱԴĴ㣬۶ôɱˣҪ侲ԣӦһ󣬼ʹʱסҲδӵĹ֮Ĵϴ
šͫúõһ˼ʲôʱ򶼲ţ侲ĿǳҪҪͷҪվӣǾ֮ˡ
ȥҽ㡣ͣһ·ͫ˵š
ȴǿ
ͫЩε̾ʲôʱֻҽվһӡЩû취ѡ񣬾ԼҲЩ޿κΡ
ͫҵĵʱ򣬷Ѧ˵һһߵļ˵ЦĳѦ˺ܶࡣȻȥЩ㣬ǷͫǴǰ
ѦǰȻЦ˿һЩȻøһЩЦˣʲôˣ
ͫЦջСʵ̫ɰˡ
ЦЦ
ǾͲˣǱתת
Цŵͷ
ͫҲ˿ˣЩֹĿһۡ˼ϢȷԲ˵ϢȷҲ˵
ֻǷͫ˿ͼ̫Ů̫Ůһ׷ѦҲǰϹ·˿ˣֻǷĲδˣЦ̫Ůջٰ
Ҳһ۷ĵҲ١
ȴͻȻЦҪҪٱһ£
䣿ʡ
ĵͷ
áͷӶе̾սʱ˵ģĻˣӴ֮Ǿǳ
̫Ů밲ٴνѦ̫ŮȻ˿ˡŮѹ÷ϣӹͣһµʱڣʮֻ
áӦţʱıڵ˵ʵʮֻʤҲ
ڿʼֵ
ȴͻȻͣһµϹδҡ
ȹ֪֮Цŵ
ãȻش˴ΪӮ˵š
˼ƴֻǲѦĿʼֳڣмɼ΢Сļڿл缱У޾ɱ
Сġһ󺰣ȴģֱѷ˵ڵϣ̫Ůѹϡ
Ѹٴӵֻǰһһ֦ڼֱġ

 63 

д̿͡ŮǼɽզȻת֮䣬ͼֻ´ѸɽӴܡ˻ҵĳ汾ѹ ֻѦ̫Ůڵ״Щˣȫ֪Ҫô
ûԶķͫȴһ֮󣬸˳ϻأǰֱ׷ȥֱͫȵ촫ҽ
ƻֱӴҽ
־ڣͫһȣȻ־ԱʵΪҪĿ̫꣬ŮҲĿ֮һ̫Ụ̊־Ȼû
ⳡɱĶ󵽵˭
̫ŮѦҲѹæϵĴһģֻڽŽȡо飬ļķǳӦֻ֣ڷüɱֱʢ̫Ůʱ򶼲Ծòһ¡
жĴϣֲҽ֮ǰҪҶ
˵СĵİѼԵķŵһߣֱӷԱѦһһ㡱ûڣĸûע⵽ĴڣֱӴ׷ȥ
ڷĴʼ׷ʱ򣬾ͼǰͷ׷ȥＺ칭䣬һֱֱ̿ͺģ¹´̿ȫϵ
֮ͣת֮Ҳ׷ڵ״ҲЩˡֻŭ΢΢һЦȻתͷͫ
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һδģֱͫߣһṦ־ͫص̿ͼϡ
ͫд󾪣ļǼʶģһֻбô̿һȻҲбô̿˶˽̿άĻı
ӣҡͻȻӣҡ
ӣһ£ѸٸϵߣǰˣŮүԸ
ӪһˣҵĻ䱸ʱҺһ˵š
ӣô󾪣ѸٵǡȻѸԳ
󣬵ڳЩȴͫɫˣֱģһʮͳ˧Ȼ˵ĻǷǳǳµġ
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ȻһδģҺ´̿ˣҲأҲ֪᲻ᡭ
ߡһ˶ˣ˵ʲôﲻ
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һ˫صĻ÷ͫöЩĿȴȻһٺ̾Ϣ顣
ͫԵûʲôˣ㻹ȥĸߺЩȻɱ̫Ů֮ȥɱĸϵĻʱ㻹ͣͻȻ䷢˵ıʣĸӦǷǳģĹȥ˳һʱ䱨ʱ侭⣬Щ
šĵͷ
ֻǷҪͼշһöɫźŵͫһ£Сӣҷŵġ
ӦûԳˣԲֻźŵšҲƾʮ꣬Ҫ˵ֻǰסˣסʮ֪类ٻˡ
ͫȴԽԽߣӿʼ䱸ǾͱʾĻΪҪʱֱӱ˵ǶȨҲҵֶˡ
ԪʵʱŶСԷͫҪģ
ͫԵĿһۣȻģʹǷ״ĿֱӶþӡ浽ʱλʵ۾Ƿɣ˵õġ
ǲ֪˭µ֣ͫõͼʡ
֪شĺܸɴࡣ
ͫ
ȴ΢ЦСֻҪһ˭жҲһĸֶǾԲܲδɱУϣǰ֮꣬һⳡȨڲѪ¼½ϡ

ʱ˭µֲҪҪα֮˭Ȩס֣ͫüС˵š
ĴԪʵ⣬ֱȥͼԪʵ˵Ļͫ⣬үҲˡ
Ĺµĸܾˡ
Ԫʵǰѷķ´ţеʣû°ɣ
ҡͷ̫Ů˶
Ԫʵüëûһ¡
ֵûļĸ棬ҼھУһб䣬ʱݡ
һ仰˵ڳ˶ľЩʱ򻤼ƹһ
Ԫʵȴ̾ͷĺá
ֵͫڴǱֳ̿ͼУھͿû
ţͫȫҲáԪʵͷЩ̾ĵҲá
ͫĬһŵȥ̫Ů
ʷҽڣֲҽȥҲûáԪʵ˵š
ͫһԪʵۣûз
Ԫʵֵּ˰زĻı
ǡйʴּ
ʱԪʵ۲ʣ̫ŮΣ
һṦҽ̫ŮеĲ֮ڼС
Ĳݣȷһ
Ĳݡҽš
ɫԽԽĲ涾ԭûСǴ޻Ĵ󽫾
Ҫǣֶδ̫ͼκ붯ǲ˼ԪʵۣҪ˼ıȨһֱûʵۣʾһʮĴ󽫾ⳡȨ׸
̫Ů̫Ůᡣ߾һ˵̫ŮͷԾԲʱ֡

 64 

үظ̫ŮҲ̧ضͫƺе鹤лȥֱͫڶϲŻظ
ûô£ֻС̷ϴ軻·ȷͫ˯ʱС̶żС
ҲԲ±ģȵɡ˵š
ͫڹϣֱʣ治֪˭
΢΢һЦȴԸС̵үԷûˣȥιɡ
СǸϽǰͫһۣЦԱ㰡̫ᣬҲ̫ҲĺôھҵĸоҲˡ
仰˵ķͫƽֻǿС̶룬Է̣
ЦСɡ
ֱͫ壬ӹ룬һ룬С¡
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˵ǻڼȣƶˡͫ˵ţֲǼѪľ޶ȻĲݽҩңֲҲ
ͣһ·ֵͫҵе벻ףϼȻ¶ˣΪʲôȻѽ⵫ֲǽⲻ˵ġ
ЦĲ˼޶֮һѽ֮⣬һԭǻָĺжûһزãǺˣҲк֢ʵ˶ҩ
˼˵ֶ˼ǴҪ˵סͫ׹ɱľԲʣĸ֧֣оΪܡɱ˷ģ˭Ҳұ֤û֣Էʱб䣬þн䱸ˡ
ҪһֱδȫͬˡĸҪܲĸϼݱµ۵ǻͲܵκ谭
ͷ
ͫȴû뵽ҩ֮ѧ
ЦڽˣȻ˽⡣
ͫȻʣһ￴ģʼöͬ졣һ·ֵͫĴɱ̫ŮĲ֪顣
ڲкôõĲ֮ĸڵڲһأҲϾͻб仯ôһʵ̫òʧˡ
Ц̫ŮȴôˣȲһصġ
ͫ̾˿ֵʹ̫Ů֪飬Ҳһ˷ȻĻԷô󣬲ôɣ·պˡ
ͣһµҼǵãʱʱ̫ŮķӦǳ졣ΣʱܷӦǱȫԼĵһӦȴƿġ
Ӧܲ˵ܹ죬ʹ˷ʹ֪ԼһԼ춼˵壬Ҳеˡһݵġ
ͫȴʣϢԴǣ½£̫Ů޷֪ȫһɱжȴ֪һܲ˵ǿ
ֻЦãʣôã𣿡
ͫҡҡͷַǳרҵû˿ˣʹ֮֮Ҳɱﶼ˶Ӧʿ
ܵʼԷʵǰȥɱҪǲʿǲ֡Цŵ
㻹ͫĻû˵ȥΪףֱʾĻıһְʾǰģĵˡ
ֵϸ룬˭Ķ֣ʵ̫Ůȴϣ˭
ᶯֵǻʷ򡣡ͫͣһµĸ̫ŮϣӦϡ
̫ŮΪ̫ŮλҲʾȨһ۷壬Ԫʵһֱ󡣶̫ŮȻԼոսֵȨһ˴̫ͳΡ
Ҫôʷôϡ˵š
ԪʵһֱзϺ뷨̫Ůһôǣʷ򣬻ʷλһҡ̫Ů֮λҲһǣ
ֻлʷ𣿡ͫЩ˵һ䣬ʷǹ뺷ҲֻһӣĲ˵ֻʿͲ̫ܡ˵ϸڷˮ¶˵רҵ
ٻɱ̿ʱ̬ȣͫʵں֮ʾõǻʷΪȫûҪʷԪʵһȥһ֮ˣûõġ
λʵۻ̫Ů̫Ů֪ĴɱȴľٶȻľٶᴥŭĸ̫ŮҲԿ϶ʾõ˴Ҳ١
ʼҲ鰸ಢҪġ˵š
ֻ֪ͫ̾㵽Ҷ٣
ֻҪ֪ҲẦͺˡЦŵ
ֵֻͫ޷ġ
Ȩү˵һη籩вͻ۹ڷ籩Ҳ籩ģֻȴ֪Լѻ˭ﻰ˵ٺãȴŲ
պͫԷ֮ԪʵֲһҽһȺҩҲˣֻûôЧǴ֮ˣҩҲֻܻһ֢״
ȻߣӦ˵Է֮󣬷ĸûлظֱӸŽˡÿ칬Ѳߵĳ־ҲзھеӪ̫Ůˣʵ۵ıϵͳҪһǿԪʵۺʱζǷġ
üĿ𣿡ԪʵţƺֲһЩ
ǡͫǰţֵ֮̿ԭһ곧ƥҡ
ңԪʵ۲ԾÿͫҼǵרġ
̧ͫͷרֻ֮еϵһ֧ã֧⴦ġݶ֪ǰϿʼԭҪΪʵƥԭӦ
ԪʵɫŲȥҹȻɱܺͿ¡ܲ鵽ʲôˣһҪ鵽ס
ǡͫӦţ̫Ů̿ʼֻ˵̫Ůˣδɱ¼ɱ˶ۡ
Ԫʵۼ׿˵ɱǰȻȷʵˡǷͫҲףĸϻ˵ΪղŵĻرмᵽϣһҪɱҲֻᰲûɱ̫ŮĶ
˵ĸ˵ҲΪԺİ참ָ˵·
ͣһ·ͫȴֵΪ¼ǣһ壬һ˰ʵŲף̲һͬ
˵Ԫʵ˵š

 65 

̫ŮƽϢ󴫳ģʦ½ȥֻ̽ǰЩ˽Ӵ͹һ۵ģ˵ϵĶδɾֻ̽˵̫ŮھʵĲˣò̫þͿϳ
ͫȥǱȽһʱﻹ￴˿ȷŷϳ
ʲôͫţһֱæ̲ȥ̫ŮҲǸմ̲·ϳˣƷ֮ȫġ
Ʒشֵ̫Ů󲡳Ʒǲġ
ҪֻǲƷαСģͫЦʡ
￴ЦƷҲΪ֣ܶЩƷȻҩģȴҩĹõĶࡣ
ͫһⲻĲ඾İɡ
ֻЦȴش
ͫȻףȴǺ⣿Ļıʾ˺ã̫Ůҩ
ûʲô˼Цţֵǡɵ˼òΣ̫ŮҲδУˡ
⻰˵ķͫĿˣ̫Ů㲻ֵĶŪˡ
һûн˼ֻЦͣ˺һᣬͻȻм̾ģӦڸʲôԻλûͼİ¼֮һ¾ǴѵУԼǿʱԱʱ֮衣
ʵֱۣʵʱ򣬵һαȫⳡ֮αȫԼȫͬʱҪεԼ󻯡Ҳ㲻ˣ֪ƺƺһСͶҺĹؽм̫顣
ͫʣ֮⣬ڸΣ
ڲ𣿡ЦţֵҪǵڵǲһӰᵹġ
ͫȻףһ壬ֻ֦ͱȷһöࡣͫʣøʲô̶ȡ
үأȴ
ǡͫ˵ţֵ̫̾Ůһǲˡ
һֱ󹬵ĹѪԵ̫̫Ѧϣʷϡ˵ѪԵĹϵԺ󺢶Ӱ죬ʵºΪ󻼡
̫ŮһȻҲϣʷѪԵԶʵҲֻԲһЩȻһֱ̫Ů̫Ůǻ֮󣬻ʷ֮λҲһģ̫ŮǱȻ
ЦЩ⣬סֵͫ㼺ܺõģˡ
ͫ˵š
Ц󣬵Ȳ뾭飬Ȼ̫ŮҲйϵҪ̫λʵۻ̫Ůʾ׸ˣ׼õˡ
ͫĬֻǿмɻԴӴݻ̬֮ı䡣ھԼĿ̵Щĸıζ
ڷͫĬ֮ʱǰ˿׵ӭǰȥ׼ɱȥͨ
ͫʱֻ̫Ůͫǰݼߵ̫Ů
߻񡣡Цŷͫ
ͫȻһص˵̫Ů󰲣һз̫ŮϢ˵ţͫԾôɫǷǳɫж糣ЩͫҲĲݵϣжʱ˵ʹǳ˽ҩҲԴϢ
ͫҲ׷ӲԭЩ꣬ԲʱֲôӲţҲóŹȥ
ֻЦûʲôˣ߻ùˡ
ֻͫЦ
ֵɡ
л̫Ůͫ˵š
ͫ£СǰѲˮϣ͵е˼ֻΣ֪̫ŮǷ
˵䣬С̼ϣŮӹʲôϵģҪ򿪿ֱӽڿⷿ
ֻǴ򿪵ʱ򣬷һ£漴Цˡ
΢Ц⼸֧ΣΪҼүѪ֮ãȴ˵˲ζжĵǳЧԾ͸̫Ů̫ŮҪЧ
ôᣬΪˡ˵ţŽŮַԸպá
ǡŮŲκ¡
ֵ˲ҹãʱҩЧ
лˡ˵š
˵䣬ͫԲ̫ŮϢΪǡͣſʱͻȻû뵽¥ϱҰΡ
ЦҲ̫Ů֮Ӧ׼¥ŮѧϰҾǴˡ
ֵ˲ξ¥ҲǼ󣬷ǻ岻ɵáҲȥ¥Ѱˣֻ˻ûＺ͵ˡ
ﵹһȻ𣬾Ȼ˵󣬹ֲþʱϻ˵һͨһΪСû뵽ġ
󣿡ЩԾֻһˣû뵽ＺϹϵʱ¥ʹڵĻʹ˼ϵ
ǰЦֵ˵үǴ󷽵ˡ
仰˵ķˣ˵ͫͫǵΪʲôҪ˵Բûκɵ͸¶Щ̫Ů֪̫ŮˣҪҲҵʮ˸Ȼɡ
Ŀʲô
һ·ĬصֻͫǿȴһĿԸ˵ģ֪ͫҲûãɴͲڡ
ظзִͫҴȥ̲ȴǰѺī塣֪ͫһʱһֱīߵĺܽúīʲô顣ͫҲûʣҪ˵ģīĵҲҪʲôԣī˵
īǾгӣ黭ȻֻͨǿЩֻǲһˣͼСأݵ
īһ㶣ڷͫڸ˵С̻֮ľͻȥͨǾͱʾм˼
ȻֻЦ밲裬Ͼ͵ˡ

 66 

ﵽʱ򣬷ļﹰ
ʥӿˡ˵š
ֱʥƺûԾֻЦʣ֪ν£
Ҳûʲôֻʥ졣ĵ˵š
ȴֱˣΪԷ֮ʱɱж
һǡĴֱӡ
С˵ʲô˵ţԳƼƽ¸ΪС
ͣһ£ȴʥӿ֪ͫѡʱһ⣬ĸϵ˼ͫúѦ֮ѡһֻͫȴ鵽Ļ񡣡
𣿡Щ飬Ц⻹Ǹ⡣
ֵͫңѡ˭ãѡ㡣
˳Ծ˵ţֵû뵽ȻĴý
ĵɫǳֱʥӸ֪ΪʲôͫȢ㡣
ȴЦʹȢҵĲҲүΪǺףһ޷ܾһϵҲǵõϵɡʵ۵ŮδɻֻзͫһҪҲȢƲ⣬Ȣҵĸ̫ŮŮ԰֮ıһô³ɹ
ǣ̫Ů޵Ůλ̫֮Ů֮ʱŮǵһѡ˵ţֵһ̫Ůλã벻ֹңͷʹֹ
÷ͫȢõģȢÿһѦңҲϵһֱ̬Цŵ
Ҳδء˵ţͣһֵʱĸϵ뷨ͫѦһԷλ
ЦҪ̫ŮŮκѷ̫Ůλȥס
̫Ůϣ˶ŵùʹԺҲȥһλ
ʥ֮šĳ˵šȴֵ̾ʵͫȢ㣬һĿġ
ʱסͫ˵š
ǡشĸɴࡣ
ȴү֮뱣ͫѡһʮսްܼүԲһֻսĲݰֻɱ֮ķӦҲ֪һ
ĳĬһŵʱĺɼ
Ϊѡ̫ŮһֵԪʵ۶ǳԾѡ񡣡
ĳĬ
ֵʵҲЩǣûô
̫ˡЩ̾Ǻ£ֻʱδ籩;ԲǺ¡
ȴͻȻʣһ£Ϊʲôѻλо֧֣л֧֣Ƶ۲ѡ
̫Ůʺϵʵۡ˵š
ֻΪ׷ʡ
ȴҲʥӣΪʲôҪ׷ڵλ𣿡
ϻûһֵϥ¹򡣡
ȴˡķǳ˵ţֵֻԺȫ
ķﲢû£ֻЦ
һֻص˸ղŵǸ⣺ΪʲôҪɱǼ̿ͣ
ȴЦʰ֪Ǽ̿͵Ļı˭
֪Ļش档
Ҳ֪˵ţֵϡ̫ŮҲ֪Ȼ֪ΧǾ˭ɱ֮ʲôǶҲ
Ĭϡ
㲻һ˺ܿ𣿡ֵɱǳУ֪ģŲࡣ
ס
ֵ֮˽֣аʵ̫ˡڵķͫԲ˵Ŀ꣬ȻǵУҺβ˳ˮ飬Ҳͻá

Ļش𰲹⣿Цʡ
Ŀĵֻʥӻмʵ
ż־ż֡΢Цŵ
ɫ
ȴͻȻʣҲʰΪͫΪ
ʲô˼Ŀ
˼˵ĲֵڱҪʱΪ˳ɾͷͫѡΪۣеϰɾʹϰá
Ŀ
ֵǶ˵ڵķͫڱҪЧҵĶٷҪǿⳡη籩ٳͷ֮աԼʹҲҪĶ󡣡
ڵķͫڻλûκӰ˵š
Ҫǻܹʮ꣬ͫΪĻλ̳ѡ˵ţϵһЩ̫ŮûС
ɫﲻ֪ʲôֻǵĸûʱˡ
ǰûʱˡҲЩ̾ûиͫɳʱ䣬Ҳûи׳ĻᣬעֻܵСĵү
ͻȻֵ֪𣬵Ҹ߷ͫд̿д̵ʱһӦȥ㣬˵ûѡֻѡ׽㡣
ĬȻ
̫ͫŮλϰڵûʵҲû뷨˵ţֵһǱȫͫؾȫܱȫԼ

˵ܷģ˵š
ˡ̾ڸҪʱȥûзκλ˼Ҫ̫Ů˳ǻЧңҪɱ̫ŮλҲЧұˡֻЧһλʵۣȥʵϻλ˭
ҪߣͳŵʱȴʣҪ̫ŮȥΣ
̫Ůںܺá˵š
ֻǴȷ
ĳĬһһϥ¹Ķ󡣡˳֮⣬޷ԼϥĽ֮ϣҪʵС
Сס

 67 

ڿ̫ŮĴ󲿶зһȥģֱӴǬֹȥģȻүһһ𡣵һûûдƷֻһ˹ȥ
ſʱ׾ȣΪ˵үģһĹڰݼ֮ǰҪӣдʲôʲôʱ򵽡˼и׼ͻȻţ˼Ҳڼҵż͡
̫Ů𣿡ſš
һŷӦүԵȣūȥͨ
ֻſڡ
һṦͶٽײ͵ĹԱ˰롣
ŷһֱĸҪͼ̫ŮĽ߳ص̫Ů밲˵
תνٽȥˣֻſֹߵݵߵ̫Ů
񡣡ﴫֵ衣
л̫Ů˵ţ
һṦֻŮ˲֮תȥ
̫ŮԵЩôôͻȻ
ͣһ·ĲŵʱͻȻһû㣬ˡ
ĸ岻ãڹͦۡ˵ţֵһظúЪš
šӦһֵټʡ
ǺǡЦǲϾ֮񣬲㡣
ĳĬ
һŵҸ²裬ǴС˽˹ģǺһδܻһ衣
𣿡ŶֵҶԲûо˸ţ
Цŵھж꣬ûٻȥЩ
ҲԼĶίĵ˵ţÿ˶ÿ˵ĻҸоһֱܺá
ûд֪Ц
ʱȥͻȻ˵š
ԵеԾͣһµʥӣʱѻʱһһ
ǰ˵ţʵеԾǷͫȻһѻаĻܲ˵ʵŪˡ
ʥദĺܲ˵š
ǲĵ˵ţνٷ󣬷Ҳ˶Ӱ죬ݲܲ˵ﻹһơͫһˣȷʵ֮أҪڷͫ
ͣһ·ֵʥӲЩ顣
Ҳ˵ġͣһֵȻҪ˵λҲһ»ʡ
Ȼ˭λֻ˵ţֵ̾Ͳ֪ܵ졣
һ£æͫûжӵĴ㡣
Ҳ˵Ѹ˵ţֵǰʥӸ¥ҰΣ˵¥ǰ͸ġ
Ĵ˴û˵
ֵǰӷͫ캣˵Ĳ£ҲǸһ·ȥġ
ĳ׳Ĭ
ڷĳĬ֮ʱǷǳصĿȡȴûߣֻǵˣȻء
šͷе̾Ĳ֮ǿ
ֻ濴һۣȴԡ
û£һͺˡһ߿һ˵š
ȸǡ˵š
š
ĳź󲻾ãֻŮҽתһ̫֮ͨŮĿȲֹסֻǷ۸˯һ£ֻŮʷݵ
ʷֶۣŮ¡
һԵҽ̫Ůʵʺƶ
ͣһȴʷֱǡ
ҽҶԡ
в߻ʷؾǷף̫װŻ·ɫͲˣڸѿӴʱԻʷǾͲˣĻ̫ߡڷĸ֮󣬻ʷòСġ
ôˡʷ򿴷æ˵š
лϹģöˡ˵š
ʷɫЩΣȥŵ֪Թҡ
ֻɱ˵š
ֻûʷ˵š
ɫҼ˵ܶΣҪֻĵȴ
ǡʷ˵ʲôȴЩԥֻǵֻҪĸϻһ죬аѻλĵ뷨
ʷֱҵ̫Ů죬ĸ϶ϣܷϵңôˣȻ̫ŮǸϣθô鷳
ʷ
֪̾ĸ˵ʲôĸԼĺӣԱκλŮ䰮ԡ
ε֪ģȷ˵꣬ʷͻȻʧɫ˵šĵĳǹܣһ֮ȻΪһŮ֪ɨء
Ҳֻţõ¾ŮԼŮλҩõ¾ȴ뾹Ȼǳôһ鷳ȻԼ̥ʮģȡ
ʷľʧȣɫ͵ˣ˵ĵط죬ľͻ˵¼ܱסܵĴˡ
ʷǹǿ󣬵Ҳֻһ˶ȻܳưԺ󹬣ʱֶδ»ԵЩǳˡ
ʷԵԼƽֵ»˭֪
֪ǰʲô֪Ҳ֪ҵ֪֮Ӧˡ˵š
ʷֻŻͷԼĳŮ
ֵʵ̫ˣĸϲǺܽ˵֪Ҫǽ⣬Ͳ֪˵Զһ㣬ĸҪǽ⣬ѹͲ·ġʵڸ֪ʱ򣬷൱ԪʵۣʹҲǣԣе㲻ʵˡ
ŮٴԣʷһεʣĲ֮ǿ𣿡
̧ͷȴʣʸϣĲǴģ
˸߶ġʷ˵š
ߡЦˣذɡ
ʷһ¡
תʷʶ׷˹ȥͣ½ŲһһϹŮԴѡأҪһܳƵܱסϵŮֻǲ֪߲ܹʱ򣬸ϻѡһߣ

68

ҵͫʱ򣬷ͫԺȲ衣ѵ͵˰д̲ܳúϢһ£ʱī壬Ҫһµġֻͫ󰸼ˣֻúôϢһ¡
µʱҲˣҲЩ˾˰ˣīѲֻǻûȷͫ豭ƻһŵĽرСˡ
ͫʱһ£ǳͣûʲôֵġǵϴƻԵûţͷһؽŽҪˡ
ƻ䣬ͼüˣȻûŽȴһڵģͫеΪʲôΪҵİӣĿǰΪֹȻûлһһŷһɳ£ò֪ܲø֪Ǳԩġ
ͫе̾һֱõʱֱ׳ֻе㲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
֪ͫҪοڣȴȿڣСͻȻݹ٣»Ƿǳҡ
Ȼ󲻵ÿڣתͷԷͫŮڲ壬үȻرܵĺãȻСҽ˵
һ仰˵ڳ˶ˣȻ˵Ůڲ壬СʲôʱܹЩ߷ͫöϹڽ£Խ˵ЩͿˡ
ֻ˵ɫȻκ˶˵Ҳһ£ΧĻǺīСңȥ跺ϸġ
˵źīˡ
ֱԶˣͫſһֵĵôˣ
ҵүôˣﷴʡ
ͫԵеĪ
ƺеˣүһֱСӵ𣿡
ͫһ£ݣҲǣҲһֱΪһŮҲøһӼƽϣʵ˵ȷʵãǰš
һ仰δ˵ֻ뿪ͫʶȥﵹһ£ͷݻ·үҲҪ𣿡
ͫͣһµͦĽõġὣֱһһĸۡȻݣҪԸ
￴Ľ˭ϲ˭Լ飬֪ңֻ㣬ڲҵİӣΪԼãҲκǣ
סͫ˵š
￴ֵҪΪԼȥָһæ
ġͫͣһֵзִ硣
ûֻתݡ
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īýۣⷺݵʱõɫȫģҪ˵ղŽʱŭ죬ŭ֮͸һС
ҷͫ󰸵飬ͫκһַӦȴôҲ뵽ڵĻᶼûУͱһ仰ˡ
Ļûκεʧ֮Ǵ翪ŵĵطһӳ嵽һŮӸֻܻ˼ҷֻֻ˵ǵͷһ⣬Ϊ˭ĳҷͫġ
ɡī˵ţԵ˱
ȻȴīҲԱ£ֻǲͷ˵ʲôȴ֪˵
˾Ű죬īڿڣʵǰЩʱѹңҸ˵үҵİӣΪүãȰҪֻҲûΪ֪Լܿˡ
ݻ֮ڵģȻһԭǿġһԭ򡭡īЩ˵үͫǸѵõĺˣƢãԸСڡҲ鷽治ү
ͫΪӾ͸ԼСԺ
ֻˣ½֪Ȣ˽ӣݵ˲㡣Ʒ飬֮ĳЩҲԶ
ȴŴ˵֪ʲôڳơ
īȴǳ̾뻹ֱԵүûз֮ʵǰҺܺãҲͬҡ˵ֻĽһӣңϲҡ
ֻǿźīЩ֪ˣݻʱīϸϸ˵ںī
ֻīֵֻǡദʱ䲻̣ΪֹԸԣҪ˵Ļһȫˡôʱûйʹʱֲͬ
ʵīԼҲЩףֻǿƽͫǳãүһֱæŰӵҲûע⵽һ֪ϵ˼ȴֻδҪ˿˵ʹֶξòֻȴһֱȵڲſڡ
治ںǾöͲκӰ죬ī벻͸ȻôЩ޹ˡĺѣָУõôҲܸ˼ҵСġ
īĻﻰ˵öеסԺ󲻻ˣǡ
áīȰЩʲôȴֲ֪˵áõĴ֪ܲڵõԸֻһ˽ı¶
ӾǿҲҪ˼˲ǡȢõľ٣ҪˣŪȥ
ڶиָָģûᣬһǿƣûνٹЩ꣬ȫͬˡīʵڲ
ʲô˵˵ţ̧žߡ
ֵŮӲֹһīѿڶͫǸŮӣֻĲˡ
֪˵ţȴȥֻһ

 69 

̲ͫͬ˴£ԪʵĽǣ̫ŮһԤıԵд̡Ǽް˸λȻͫдʱе飬ɾȫ˵ٳڰ治һĺڰ̲ˣͫԼûиõķҲˡ
Ƹһϣ̫Ůһĵӣô룬Ĵɱ̫ŮѲ˹ϵġݶһ̫ŮģȻҪλԸ⣬̫ŮΪһˣҲа취
ȴûз̫Ů˼Ӧ˵ڸͷϲ԰̫Ů̫ŮϴɾǱȻġҪдһİȨ̫Ǹǰʾ̫ŮйأؾӰ̫Ů
Ϊϴ̫ŮɴͼʰɡѰ㱨Ԫʵ֮󣬷ͫе㵣Ǹ⣬Ԫʵۿ޵Ĳ
лĸϿ佱ͫ˵ţȴ̾νļۻܣҲС
̫Ů𣿡ԪʵͻȻʡ
̫ŮδҴšͫػ̫Ůδһֱڶδϳ
ȥһˣøԪʵ˵š
ǡͫӦšȴʼ룬ĸϵʲôʹ̫ŮڲУǹģǱ߶Ǳ̫ŮͼϢˡ
ھȥɡԪʵٴ˵š
ǡͫӦţˡ
Ǭֱֹӷֱͫȥ˶ȻûȰѰϣǹ¡ӳͫ͵йҪ̫Ů
үԵȣūͨǹ£ҵ
ͫûŷ£ر׼ĵ롣
ͫ˽̫ŮŮ̫˷ͫǲȴ֪̫Ů̫Ҫˡһ̲ҵİӣõĻرܽڡ
ߵ̫Ůͫ
߻񡣡˵ţֵ
л̫Ůͫ£漴ó˫ַϵǹڴɱ̫ŮĿ
ԵЩȣͫϣó̫ŮĿ
ޣףһֱڼң˵Ĳ˵һ
ϸϸ΢Цĺã߻ˡ
̲һͬ󣬳񣬶̲һʵͫ˵š
΢Ц߻òùǫȻǽ˵һȴҲǰ׵һ
̫Ůˡ
ͫ˵ţȴ̫ŮţȦģ·ͷЩҡͫͻȻףĸ̫ŮҲ˵еˣҪ̫Ůˡ
ߵ̫Ůͫ漴ˡ
ȥɡ˵š
ͫԶЦſ̫Ů˵岻ʣôúϢ
̫ŮЦȴʼһЦȼǵʱֻԶԶԼδĻӺݣķ绪һʢĵֻԶԶĿžͳˡ
ʱţԼҪ֮һˡ㣬޶£οһʵۣ£еλá
һˣôϣûоòƽƽ˼֮ʲôûС
֮ʱѡ˰ɫޣʱָ֣׶ԼƶˣȴֻЦŴӦûòûв飬ֻץסһŮĵģʵоɫôҪ޵̫ŮĹ޶µ̫Ů
ܸӣڼ޸ֻ֪һŮڿͷһ۵ʱʲôо˼֮⣬ûһֻ³ͷһۣͼǸۡһŮڶЦ
ЦᣬЦðݣһ־Ϊ˶Ըͷ»֮ʱĺãõÿʱóζһһ顣
ȻʱæսӴ񣬳鷱࣬ÿȻޡ̷꣬ûйκͼȻҲ֪һŮӲһصסܸһõ»ڣˡ
ٵ񣬲ñ˵Ҳ֪Լ̫ܺãȴЦ˵ˡʱ⣬᲻ɫŮȥˣʱ˵ĸжҲûйʹ֪
Ϊħ֪⣬϶ԴҲú̫֡ŮүͬǿȢģۿһһţС̶ΪŮֻġ
֪˶ٰ취˶ҽû⣬ԵйҲû⡣ΨһԽͨĽ;ǣзʱڱСȣûⷢжףо̫ס
û취ͣԸԼҽҲԸͲĺӡʸӣһŮӲܻ˲̵İ׵Ȩ
ɫôãҽơЩĵ˵ţתŮȥ롭
ܲܲҪҡ̫ŮͻȻȫûĶšֱ强
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̫Ů޵ȴԸңҲЦҡҵĸ׼սҵļҲڵȴյѾȴЦ
㣬ǣصġ˵š
̫ŮֻҡͷŵЩꡭġжЦ𣿡֪ЦʱҲ˵ˡ

70

ϲһַףŮһò߼岻ʱȢһ׵ʽħֹǴˡ˵ͻǣȻ󾭹㣬Ϊ˻⵱̫ŮϵĲħ̫Ůϲȥȥù
̫ƽϳ¸ûʲôӦϲȢһףֲȢңһ̫ŮһСɾһСɾνֻǵѺѡʱ򣬳ˡ
ֻһ֣顣رעҲΨһѡȻǧȥд񵽵жٺã̫Ůεĺϣ̫ŮȢֻΡ˵컨׹ýŻýš
ҲǾǹȦˣòҲ義ӳɫȴǳʵ壬Ƽ£ԸºͶغҪ˵ȢһʵľӸѡ
ȢҪ͵Ϊķ̲ľã˵ãȢ˭ֵסԺӻҪҪ
Ȼôõһֱʮһ黹ǴڹСҪݵ⣬ĸλΨһŮȡϿԳƵϸߣֻǴһֱҪŵڵģҲ˵˿ĵһ֮⣬ϰ˱ɶҲҪһ
һݾĸ߲ɵͲˣŴ岻ȢСжΪңŮĹԱݵλ൱ļλûкʵѡôǸҵĹӸ磬ټЩϧҲϵڡ
̫ŮȢϲͱøǹˡ̫ŮķݷүͬүȷһһСɾȫϲ̨档̫Ů̫Ů֮⣬軹һλϵ̨ĲԺ̫Ůǻľѡڿ˵Ǻ̫Ůѡ̫ŮҪʣλͿˡ
һֱûȻ̫ŮһֱǷҲһֱûгҵжһСɾʵڲݣǡû
̫Ůиող˴ıʣЩͻȻȢһƷòӵӣ費֮ľͲ˵ˣǵλ᧿Σˡ
ʵ״ȫ֪ˣ̫ŮǻҲָտɴʱɨ̫Ůһҡһʱ̱סڣҲáԺλԭԭͷǳλĿԡ
һǺλǿ˵ǴһʱˣŻʺڴǴûйġʹĸ࣬ŷʱȻֻǺš󹬿˵һС͢С͢͢ҲϢϢصģ˵Ĵ󶯾ǰ͸֪ˡ
˵ۿǳ֮Ҳ۷׷ףȶһæǰ˵ԼҶΣʵ̫ŮԪʵһ䣬ǳϲ벻˵ġ
ŵĵ޻Ҳ˵ѡ˭ܷˣΪ˻̫Ů룬ĸ˵־̫Ů
Ͱ˵ӣλ˰ɡԪʵ󷢻
ǡӦš
ԶѡݣҼǹ鶨Ļ£ٰʱģȷʵͬһ㡣ȻȲ̫ŮǱϾǹ¡Ǵ˴ΰȷʵ¡أ˵ϸڷҲǾƾ
ֻԱ̬Ҳ֪һеģ̫ŮԼΪһ㶼֪Ҫ֪һҲЩ취ֹ׻˵һƺ⹬ŵˮɱȺˡ
֪ԺǰССҵŮͲܾ˵ڷ˼ϣʽѡ빬ģͷҲ
ĸײҪ̫ˣνͷȻֱǻµּӲ̫ѹġ鷴Ȱȡ
סӵ֣̾ڳоƶãϴ˾ٵͼҲףֻһı䶼£¡
Ĭڳ͢еֻһ֪⣬ֻּⶼˣ˭죬ֻܵǶϾˡ
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̫ŮͫȻҪȻͫ÷ǳԲ̫Ůؾ̫Ůĸףüȫ֮֡ǴˣǱһݺˡ
ڼɨ̫Ůһ̫֮Ůʱʵ⼺ˡȻλһְʾ̫Ůλ᧿Σ˶֪ʵ
ǳϵ˳Ϊʷᷴءʱ򣬷ͫ˵ţŮǵĻ»ʷоԷȨ
ʷʲôȥԡЦŵʵһֱĺܺãѻʷȦ˺󹬣û쵽˳ϡ
ҪϲͲǺ飬ԵˡٹûʲɣټԪʵ̫Ů̬ȼʷ뷴ʲôɡ
ͫͣһµ̫Ů̫Ůһֱڳãû뵽Ҳֵ˳ס
Цһȥ֮󣬸Ů֮Ҳ˶ˡ
ͫһ£ȴʣܲʾ
￴һ۷ͫЦүԼҲףαҡһҪ䵽ϣ̫ŮֻǺִĻ̫Ů𣿡
ͫĬʵӵʱ򣬷ͫҲֹһ⡣ȣı̣һһĸϣĸϻһνı飬Ϊ˵̫ŮǷġ¼һǸʮǧġ
ȻĸΪԭ򣬶ڳ͢Ŀˣڵλʮ꣬ʵԱ̫ŮǿټĸϴûаѱȨˣ־ҲãǾҲãȫĸԼţԼȫˡ
һִ£ԭԪʵ۶дλ̫Ůͼ̫ŮԵ÷ǳǡȥļϵˣǾ͸ǲеĲǡԪʵ۵Ƣ飬Ҳһŭ֮²һҪ̫ŮֵҲң̫ŮһҵѪߣźõļƻƲҲס
νһˣο̫Ůֻ׻ԪʵҪǷǻ̫ŮɣǻʷŮѡ񣬷漣ĸлλ̳ȨͬҲһȫ֧֡
Ϻͻʷ˵ֻǻһĻŮΪ۶ǵ沢û𺦣̫Ů˵ʧһ֧֣֮֡
һ̫ŮҪٵĽǸѣȻҪǵˣһֱŲҲǸ鷳̫Ůֲ״˭һһ˫ĺüƣô㶼Կ
ϸȥֻܸͫ̾ˣȻ˵飬һ׵ĺݵ̶ֳҲˡϸһ̫ŮͼҲԣҲмΪӭĸϣȴܷϷЩΪȷʵǴѹѦŷ
̫ȥ֮ѦһȫǼβˣһľһֱֵ̫Ů̫ŮЩһֱһֱìܼһ
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ŮָˣʵȨŮܲ˵ⲽߵ̫ĸҲǳһλʷǺųһȻգ̫ŮȵԪʵ۵֧֣λпƽ˹ŮŮĹϵ̫Ů֮λףԺƵ֮谭Ҳ˲١鵽ֵزƾʷҲֻп޵ķݡ
ͫãһߵ˳һǵõ˷ĵ֧֡¼ܸıԪʵֻзģȻĲֱܺ׵ıʾַ֧һȨߵֻ֧ûʵ۵ġ
ֻƽ֮ʱ˵̫ŮûԱ̫Ůһټʵ¶ôĶࡣҽֳڹУĸߣʵ̫ˡ
ͫ뵽ﲻ׼ǺܺãĺֺáڷĻ̫ŮҪĵ֧֣Ŀǰ˵̫ŮʾʡԺأ֮ǣܿǲЩܾͫﻹʲô
ү³
ͫţ洫īҪȢҵĴ󳡺ϣĴٹ˱Ƚ϶࣬ģȽϴʱ򣬺īûʸģǲңīŹҲ
ͫ溫īԼ⣬īҪμˡҲ˵ݻ֮īͺʾãֻȥڸ顣Լ˵ԸԼ°ر֮ͫŮ£ֻǵȥЧҡ

 71 

ī̷ŷͫ³ͫۺʱʱ֪絽Ҳǰ׼ʵʱ֡
ͫ³ʱ򣬶ոƵƣʹҲϡ׼ĳˣӭϣ͵··λڶϱһԺ䣬ûžַǷŵʱϸԺԼװޣӦò̫Ů١
ãֻүүtˡһֳϣtµ絽ˣڷô׽ãǹæġ
ߵ̫Ůͫ
߻񡣡Ц˵ţװ磬һҪȥӭˡ
ͫЦ̫Ůϲⳡ¿ɲֹȢ˸ô򵥡
ֻ΢Ц
ͫΧȻû̫ŮӰһСɾʱ̫ŮӦҪٰµġıݣҲóȡ
ƺͫľȣ΢Ц̫Ůһֱ岻ʣȥﾲˡ
̫ͫܲ̾Ů岻úܶ˶֪ʱȥ
£ʱˣȥӭˡϲ˵š
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ûһṦ򣬾ͼĺѦţ̫Ů΢Цˡ
л̫ŮĺѦ˵š
Цſģֻϲʮ̫ŮȣѦɫûôˡݣʵˡ
֮¡ĵͷӦš
ͣһ²תϲ߰ɡ
ϲжƺƵӵŷԺšںܶʱ˵ӳ̶ȿǴӻϿһģͫԿ϶λ˽֮Ȼǧ谮һҪһŮ͸֮⡣
ֱ̫Ůˣ漲ẉ̂ͫʱ˴˲ʶŻᣬͫߣЦжʱûˡ
ĿɱĲĸһֱڿ㡣
ǽҲҸÿ𣿡ͫһ䡣
ȴ̾СԩۺʱҲֵÿ佱
ͫͷĬ
֮ȷʵҪ̾˵ţȴó
΢Ц߹СҼүӰǺãֻȴһˣҪСĲС
ĿȴǾˡ
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Ȼո˵¶ˡЦŵ
ĿһﻹҪ˵ʲôֻүǲ·ߣͫ˿ˣͬʱȴ΢ЦĿһ۷
ֻһЦͫȴͻȻһֻԲ˵ʱүڼȫ룬ҲĲˣֻǺѿ׶Ѿġ
ˡϲﱨһԺҲŵſȥ
СЦŶԷͫүûУ
ֵͫĵôһδĹӣǻüģȻһ˻үǲ̫лϵġ
Цǻǿϧˣλѵõĺ÷
ͫһۣЩĪҲ֪ô˵áֻվſڸһˣ̫ŮȥӭȥģڵȻҲ
СǷӳֻ˵еƫϣѵõʺáֹȻɫǫͣȢһȥȷʵ
ӳȥǣס֡ҽǲû֮ģⶼҵ٣ΨһһǸҾ裬̫ŮȥˣһҲʡˣǣֽžɣֱӿϯˡ
һϯ˸ˣүֶǴģʱϯģͫȻ˴ϯλϡͫԾóϯǱ߿һۣΪ˵ĸȻҲڣֻЩˡ
Ů˶ʮ࣬ŸǾеġڹŮǿѹܻ쵽λãԸֱӹϵģ˲һңԸеϢˣҲô
Ż£ҪԪʵȸֱܾӶûֱӰӼ޸̫ŮҲѲˡ
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Ɑźȵ֮⣬˵ľƶվźȵġֶҲ˼˼ˣؾпδһ֮󣬲ֵ̫ݡ
ʱ̫ŮһͿͫ͡ͷҲ䵽ߣͫߵʱ⿴һ۷ģҪһᡣͫʱҪҪһȴͫе㲻ʢǻذɡ
ͫһۣɾ÷ǳţˡī̷ϳʱͻȻһ𵽳ɣС̫ˡ
īͷͫһ£ǷǳǵģԲΪȥ˹ءͫȷӦЦɡ
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ж˶ûڣӦ˵īͫڵ￪ڡһṦʺīʶ𣿡
īͣһµ˵ϣй֮ԵǵĹȦ˵󲻴˵СС鶼ˣʶǱȻ
Ǻ˾Σʡ
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ǡīͫڲЩġ

72

صīⷺϢͫصзǡСǷŻ·ϴ裬ɵ˴˷ͫЦʣҪɴ̿ˣ
ô̿Ҳͳõֶ֮һɴֱӵĴУʵ֮һͫоϲУϲ֮ҲҵɳʲôĴֻ̿Ůǵ书ǷŵҲǳһ֣˵ˡ
ҼƳˣҪǽ˵š
šͫͷȷʵҪСģһܼ겻Ȼԭ򡣾һʱܴˣ⵹ûôס
ͫԱˣʣһǵ֮ʱʹҹڻʷмŮ飬˵ֻûʧ͵顣
ͷͫЦѵүǰλʧ𣿡
ͫԣȻܡ뿴ͬĸֻͬзʱˣ¾͸øҪ߸ĤݣֻСĹţҪϵԼ᲻᷸ʲôСӹţ˭ƽˣл˻λӣ˭⡣
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ͫ̾û뵽ʷȻҲͬ⡣Թ̫Ů³ǳң̫Ůǻʷġ
Цֻһ˼ܶʱҲɲˡ
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ͫȴû˯⣬ֵúīСıǷҲҪڼﲻĴҵǴûֹͣԽԽļʽǮܵĲ࣬ڰѴӽ̴ļױҪˡ
лүģȫ»עġЦŵ
Ĳ书̲ͫס⡣
Ц˵ܶˣҲᡣ
ָͫ㣬һԻĴ󲿷ֶǽˣ콭ôܲ书
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ͫӵøȫǵЦûʵԿۡһӸŸȥ㾹ȻܼҪͷҵĻǳʲôģ㣬Ȼ˿
ĸͷһӻͷҪǾйҲȻ֪һδһűǳʱҪϻô׾ͽӽˣĻʵ۲֪ɱٻˡ
ڷͫһҲΪԼֻǵүҪǵ°Σ԰ӣһެѽһȫ
ͫֱӵ֪ӣҺެҽĸȻǱ֤ȫû⡣ʱ̵ߣĺܻ⡣
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չأʱԴӼĸ̶ޡ̶ȫȾϸѡģǵһλ߾ǻ飬ڼȫԵ̶Ѩˡ
̶̺ϴС͸ķмֵСи̫ŮȻڡ
һԲҽ˵Ǳ裬˵ǶˣҲ˵Ҹҵʱ̫Ůڣ֪̫ŮʲôԼӵȻҪɵĶࡣһЩҥԣŪԼӻܳΪһ֮ء
ס졣Ȼᣬ鼫ŵ÷ٳ뵽ķԸڶκһ仰ǲܺ˵ġ
鿴һ۷ǴС͸ȻʱеûӣҲѵõģԺûʱ
治ʲôõģб˵ĳһҲֵԼʮ塣ᷢˣԼԺδôһҪ飬˾Ǹ鵭֮Ҳῴϲǰһ⣬˱˵Цһ˻ῴԼЦ
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ǺǡЦֵһûӮ㣬ҵΪʲôûɱ֣һƴɱʱֻҪʧͱ
ΪʲôûУķʡ
ĸĺӣɱ㣬ҲңϻöҪùŪû˵ţͣһֵò㡣
𣿡ĶȫܵˣȷʵǷ˼飬ֻȴ̲ס
أʲôš
ǽãȻͬһѪͬġĵ˵ţҲΪʲô֪Ҫ֮ͫΪʲô˷ŭҲҹϵЩԶҲΪ治̫׽׽á
Щ㼫ŷͫ˵š
Ҳһĵ˵š
Цˣû˭ֻǵĺ
̧ͷĵλʵ㡣
һֱЦһ˵ıˡ
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һҪԼ˵ţҪ㿪һʢ

 76 

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Ѧ򶶶ȴûп޳ֻŬİһТһȥ
šѦŷſ
Ѧһݣ̶ͰТãѦáڵȷĻʱѦͰѶ׼ãھ͵ȷĻТͿԳˡ
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ҷڵ¡Ѧ˵ţȴܲѹһֱģôҲ뵽ټȻԼĸ׵
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ΪĶԱȾˣѦδǰѦ൱ģ̫Ѧһܺõ֤ˣֻҵɲһ㡣
³ʱĳҲǸյֻͫһװӳͫȿһТķĺѦæ߹Ѧڰ
Ѧֻ΢΢񣬷ĵȽȥˡڼӦһˣʵûʱſ˵
šͫ˵ţÿ·Ѧĸ׵񣬶ڷ˵ͲһĿˣǰӣҪæ̫ˣſˣ֮ȥĵطҲͬ
ǱƻѰҵŷ£ŷѸСŷͫȥáΪǼþԺͫȴԾðѽŲˣΪڴ֮ǰûѦϱլ
ŷıլɲ˭˵ģȻǻʹԺֹ治Ȼʹ١ȢѦϵӵķģҲǳɻӭȢʱлȻЩҪѦֵûʶʶ
ҲʷԵլӵҲ٣ȻηޣʷǣͫȥʱܸоŴеĺء
۷ͫôʶұլҲĴߣСŵ·ҲǴֱͨ峤ġ
£·һǾԲߵģ˸߾ǴһĴٹ˶ûʸߣֻлеĹԼͬȼŷʸģ˵Ǹ߼ͨ
Ե·Ҳ·ͫûʲôǰδž洫Ŀ֮Сŵ֮߱£ڷͫŵʱǱ߹¼
ֻѦδϼŮѦ缺ӭԱ߹ŵĻѦļŮ
ȷͫߵǰԱ߹ϰͫӹ㣬ǰа񣬼߹ȥһ˵ĵѦŮڰ
Ѧ绹
ͫתţһүˣȫֱˡֻǷͫûߣһΪұլʵȤѦ޵İģ̫ǲ׹ϵ⣬һ㡣
ͫǽùϵ׺ģŵʱ򣬷ͫ˵ҪһᡣͫŵʱС澼ڵȺŷͫԺĺԺϢ
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˵չѦ˵÷Сɾȫѳᡣʵģͫ͵˵һЩСϢʵҲ˵Сˣ¼￪
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ͫŵͷҪ˵ִļŷУǿμ̳Ů㡣ҲΪļǿʢ
ˣǱǸѦſʱͫһ£׹ѦȻˡһûˣȻ޵Ӷɳˡ
ͫæȻҿ
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ѦھʲôʲôˡıҼ޵ӣ˵òֵŮʱ򶼱ʣϱʡ
ҽأͫʣԷĵԸҪ֪Ѧʱͷ͵Ļȫܻ᲻Լݣֱϱݳ档
Ѧ˳̾ҽҪү
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ͻȻڰүͲˡ
ͫ׹ѸѦڰ˳㣬ǡ
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ͫüҲֻÿղͻȻҲΪѦȥˣѦԼ˵ĻⲻԶ
֮Ѧһ֮𣿡ѦʵķǳֱӣΪ֪ͫ˵˵ԽתĨǣܳĸԶ
ʹ޸˷ģʹѦ϶ţʹûȥıĵι۵㡣ĵҪܵѦһ˲ʱҲû취Թۡĸ壬վڷ˼϶ˡ
ͫЩΪѵĿѦȴͻȻе׵ԪʵΪʲô˷Żˣ鰮ǺҪûҪѦԼʱΪѵľǷġ
һ£ͫŻĵν֮ضԼģլԺסãֱ߲ݷסˣֻϲί
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˵Цˡͫ˵ţλҪٴĦһ֣ʲôʱԴҶֵֹ֪ǣ
롭ѦͿֱͣԺſڡ
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㿴һãڵѦҪĳˣþֻǸŵڰ
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һıԴ֮󣬴ƾ٣Ϊǰ˲ʵҵŮӿŶʮֺա
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 77 

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ȻǺѡȻ䣬Ըöʣǽݣʱ˲ƽõԸӵġ
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ͫһ£뾩ˣ˵ˣ⻹ǡ顣
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ǡīæӦš
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šЩĵͷֵЩǾǰúҲǧҪӣˣЩ¶Ҫرտ֮⣬һƶ˼ҵĺҲҪտҪˣƶĵũһҪʹڲܳҲһҪСȥûľЩȥ
ǡīٴӦš
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壬ǿȨУǿǱȻĹ̡ѧֲ£ȻҪһͷһݸ߹ܵõƹ㣬̿Լǿʵ
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ֻͫЦҪû뷨ʱͲ뵽ԪʵƼճˡıȨֻűĵȴʲôȲģΪڵȱҲڵȣǰͷһ³嵽ǰҪ
ٴοīԸԺ︮⣬ũ⻧鶼Ҫ˶ྫĴˡүεˣЩ麫˶ټˣӶҲҪһһ¼á
ǡīӦţֻҲЩľΪһֱЩĶƻӣӣңѣԶ֣ǾͱʾҪʼżˡѵүϺͰι۵гͻ
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 78 

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Щӵķͫǲ֪ܸıƽĹͫò˵һ䣬治һǿ
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ǡīӦţⷺĵطβ룻ݵͼûʸģҪǻƫӼ˵㣬ȥʲ
īֱӴС̵ſȥԺīڵݣЩҲûʸֱӼģȸŷ˺ȻŷܼͨӵС̣лᱻٽš
īǱԼС̸֪ģֻǺīģֱȥرͫˡȥʱſСˡ
ŮӣȻˣöܵϣװϺīȫϲĹģɴ棬Ա˵ĺû
ֻǺīܿжϳмǸŮ˵ͷĿֻǵȺīϸϸʱīĵ͵һ䣬Ȼɴֻװõģ׻ǿķǳȫİīȴһɺ⡣
λӦþﾩǵĺīӰɡŮһЦƿڣҲȫİġ
СˣСɾīīĳν
ŮֻЦȴһ˵ζīֻǾþģȴſڶൢ飬ֻǵСɡ
лӡŮ˵š
īںƺüȴûپֻǴѸԺߡī±˿ֻǼӿ첽ֻô죬ŮӶһƵ飬߱ߴ羰۵ۡνһ
īЩĿһˡ
ȻֻŮֵһǵһǣȻ쳯֪˷ˡ
īûӻⷺԺſڵʱŮӿīֵǹӵס
ǡīӦʱЩãɫĵүһ˵ȿԽ롣
ŮȴЦúܿĵӵסȣҸϣܵû뵽ҾȻ
м٬īмѿȴҲûзѡŮȴẫīԼֱӽԺţīһ²ŷӦȥôŮһš
ⷺ۵ͨīǼ鷿ֵԷм䲢δһסʱīȥҲǱߡԼŵĹ²࣬ټϺīԸ£סĸڡ
ݣīѶ̿һֱţ¶ԽϸߡС̷īⶶĹ򣬺ŮӼֱңīСǶǴ󾪡С뿪ڳֻŮϻδһм־ȵ㻭ľȻСӣѵдԵĶ仹ģ
īûлشɻȴһŭɫСҡ
ŮӶںīŭƺҲΪ⣬ֻЦЦѻȴֻǺ棬ΪʲôửСӵĻأ
С޹ءī˵šŻҪ֮ʱģҲҪ겻ˣŻȫߵʱ̫ʮĽҲһûֳ˵Ļᡣ
Ůüû취úīǽͲɣֻǺīֱҵʧΪҲǷǳΡ
ŮתһȦϸϸһ飬ֻӴһ·ˣȻīϵ飬Ҳһһ
ʧС̶гīȻЩˣȴûдүĹͣ⻹̷Χڵʧ
Ů˷Сͫ󣬶ֳȴҲмҡͷ̾
ŮӶڷͫе⣬ȴҲֻôݳֵͫ
ͫ۾īȴѸСǳȥԼҲվſλãʱ涯
ŮӾԴ򿪰óһŹݸͫ˵ľùĿ
ͫӹֻɨһۣ͵ˣαزͷ¶β
úīһ𣬺ŮȴЦת䣬Ƥߣ¶һƯףֻɫмźī̾û뵽ӶӡȻ˵׺񡣡

 80 

ﶬƤ߽īɫ˲Ұסͫɫ˳ȴԾÿһֲϽֵʱҪϺīһ𣬹žﶬйϵбҪúõ̸һ̸úīԲúīȥס
ûֻͫǿﶬ࣬á
Ǻþòˣʥӡﶬ๰Цš
ǰһ꣬ɡмָп˵š
ѵ¼仹˭СʥӣﶬЦŵ
˺ѷͫ⣬ؾﶬ߼Լ˵˹ϵԼﶬҪĶࡣֻǷͫȴﶬͻȻϾΪʲôﶬ˵ΪīЦһŭΪվԲܷϣҪﶬ飬ʱźīߵʱͲɡ
һϰϰΨһԭǰи棬ֻԼΪʲô
ͫ˵š
롭ﶬ˵š
ŷ£ܺīʲô룬ҪϵġֻﶬǱϵʱﶬЦŵлͲ衣
īɫֻͫ鷳ȥſڿš
ǡīӦţڸղŵſλվã÷ͫԸīҲڷͫ˵ﶬ
ﶬЩʧҲΪ⣬ֻǶ豭һ޵Ǻò衣
ЦŽӵǴزҶҪϲߵʱ
ãǾллүˡﶬЦŵ
ֻͫýӵˡȻǺͣҶûʲô
˰뱭ﶬȻûн˼ֻǸͫŴһЩ顣ȻﶬǰϴȵϹ뾩ͷһΣʵĵطʵ̫ˡڷͫҪҪ׼з϶һʱﶬȴͻȻŹùݸͫүѹô
ͫӹǰѺù
ﶬȴͻȻмָ̾ĵֻϧй޼үǵ˹Ҳδ϶ô
ͫ΢Ц֪Ҫˣȴֻʣγԡ
ﶬЦй޼ĹѵôүȻ󣬶߿֮ƾδͷˡ
ͫһмףЦһԷ⻧ȵĹϳ˵ȣߵˣҲȲ
ү̫ǫˣǮٶҲֻһȫ˵ݡȵĹ߹󡣡ﶬ˵ʱ򲻽ɨһſڵĺīмְԹĵͱ纫ӣҵĲƲٷʮҲῴһۡ
ͫûӻʵúīﶬԸ˵ԸйϵȻһͷҪ֪ͿԳ֮Ϊ漣˵ﶬĳּʶԸҲѵˡ
ﶬм˸еֵʵҽλϾһҲΪ˺ģүĲԸȫһǾ仰㿪
īԲһ£ͫ΢ЦŵīҪԸߣҪκμ룻ҪǲԸ⣬ֻ˵ܱǸ
ﶬٴʧҡҡͷ
ͫһʱ˸лûòﶬ⣬ǸϾһԭʲô
ᵽﶬԹɫҲʵǸǮġ
ͫ¶һ˿ȣЦǰЦ
ǿЦﶬɫ˵ţĸүǮġ
ֻͫǿġ
ﶬֵҰ֮ˣǴʿǶڴһЩ黹жŵġȻȨƴ죬ʱǮҲǳҪүڵݾͺñһѺùҪûмܰɵҲޡ
ͫĬﶬĻܶԣҪǮȥʱõ˸һʻǱǮڣҲԶԶǮܰɵ̫ˣҪǮĵطҲֱ̫࣬Īʱ
˼ʹϵύŮŮҪλЩҪǮڰԼļױã֪ǮҲҪʡãǮʱں档
ͫһֱڳĬﶬЦѵүͷӵǮ̫ˣ
ôᡣͫ˵ţΪǮֵֻ࣬룬ʲôǮ
ڽϵĺγɼмʷֻ˵ƲﶬԿԳƵϸɵйŪñȴⶼǮֻǮٶ࣬Ҳû˵ΪǮ˵ģ˵ﶬһǿͷӡ
ﶬЦүˣֻү
Ըꡣͫ˵š
ﶬЦҿṩǮүⳡηռϷ磬ϣºүү顣
ͫɫ΢΢Щԭлߵģ̧ٱˡ
˵ܱң˵ĵλǳ֮ͣλӵǮơͺñ꺢һԪϽ֣ϲۺ׬Ǯ֮ΪԱҲҪ취Լελ
ΪҲѵһ־ӵˣǳеԵӾճ״Ԫּ޴ǡ
һ־ǹ̹ᣬ뾡취ȥͽط٣ѰϵҲ˵󿿵ĴԽǮҲĸࡣȫû˼ǲڵģֻҪ̫Ӱ첻̫Ҳֻ۱ֻ۵Ĺȥˡ
˸տҲγ֮Сﶬлߣĵⳡη֮ܵƣټϺ˻ͷչģԺֺټ򵥲ͫﶬʱ֪ŮӲ򵥣ֹǸɱɱĺԼĿġ
ͫǾˣһͷһҵĺ񣬶һٰĹ֮һģŮӵҰҲδ̫ˡ
ﶬ࿴ͫЦŵȨıȨıΪͼүҪ𣿡
ͫƺ˼Уͣһ²ŵͻȻʵ̫ˡ
𣿡ﶬЦŵֻү죬һ֮սҲ֮ȿǵľү
̧ˡͫЦֵźδִھǶã
쳯׶ʵ̫ҿҪϺһʱ䡣ﶬЦŵ
ͫͣһµ¹ϵҪݱú˼˼
ǵȻţﶬ˵ָָĴͺӵС⣬Цɡ
īɫ˳ȴлˡʱ֪ǲܸﶬķġ
ͫҲͣ֡
ﶬЦҡҡȴһۺīܲ鷳һºء
ͫеΪѣ뿪ڣͼīӵ롭

 81 

ﶬȻƤߴãīֱ͵ſڣ֮ʱﶬ໹ЦԺīϣ´μܸһЩ
īһԲתظȴûۣⷺȥзǡͫڷԸѺӣңˣҪ٣κ
Ѻӣһ£ָͫ˭Ե÷ǳ𾪣Ųá
īŽصʱ˵õһ
ͫ΢΢һЦһ㶼⣬ҺϻˣȻҪеĶȫһղƪϣԼͷһ
뵽ͫԸ̶׼һ£
īһ£ʱν£ﵹûԵ̫ȣֻʣүڽν£
ͫЦЦش𣺡þûȥȥĸˡ
ԴԪʵ۲֮󣬹н䱸ԽԽϣҲԽԽѡͫǱȽ⣬ƣֱӵǬֹԪʵ۸ѣιҩͫ밲ԪʵЦ÷ͫ
ôڹ밲ˣԪʵЦʣǽղգҲûʲô£ͫĵ档
ͫͷЦֻĸˣ
ԪʵЦмָ̾ĵУĵһˡ˷⣬ûָŮĶТ˳Ҫ˵þǷͫҲѵˡ
ֻͫͷ
ԪʵйټϷһ˵˼лԪʵ۾͵Ҫûʲô¾°ɣԽԽãˡ
ǡͫӦţ漴¡
˳ǬֹͫûظǬֹһȽǽǴվš⻹ǬֹΧڣͫȷģԪʵ֪Ҳ˵ʲôһṦйһƱϣһðһˡ
йԵ÷ǳΪѣڻϸѣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˯¡ֵͫҾߵȣɢ
йƱȥ
ͫţǳùģͫûһᣬѩƮҲڷͫûɱǰĴǬֹ߳
ͫӭȥĵʣʲô£ͫ봫̫ˣǷͫȴԸԼԸˣǾͱʾǳǳҪ
иϣֱܶ֡ͫ˵ص㡣
һ²ŷӦΪĹٷ취кܶࡣǷͫɱˣǾͱʾǰɱҴ书ǳ֮ߣߵͫӦ˲
ͫСֵϰﶬ࣬˱س
һֱͫﶬȻֻ֪ΪʲôҪɱ
ھھǣлߣҪԺ֮ͫ򵥵˵ţǻʳǣҪû취һѡ˵
ֻôһ䣬ɫͱˣ쳣ʣʲôʱ£
ҽ֮ǰͫ˵š
֪ˡ˵ţɫȫ
ֵͫ书Ҳಮ٣಩ȫûаա
һԶ֡Ӧš
ͫŷģһظˡ
ȥɡ
ͫԼݣϳظ˵ﶬ˵һ˲䣬ͫɱ⼺Ҫʮݣʱͻֱ֣ȡﶬ˵
޹˽𣬶ﶬҰ̫ˡڷͫ˵õﶬǮ֧֣ͺڵһ󱦲һ㣬Ǯǻ;ߵĸΪ˳ֻҪĴʵ̫ˡҲҲ
һֱͫΪ̹ᣬٷ˹ʲô̫⣬ҪҪסȡҪǽĲﶬ࣬ǴһˣͫҲֻǾܾԺС⣬ɱ⡣
ﶬ಻ͬǴʿ˵ǺϵİڵмԵĿȨ˸տ廹ûγɣﶬлߣɺתΪֻ̣ﶬڵݣ˵Ҫתɴ̣˵Ҫƴĺˡ
ǴһҪߣҲ˵ǴкüҪߣﶬඨڽһĿıѣԱ֤ƽַʽĿǰ˵ͫԽܡʵʲٿشˣ⼺˷ͫܵķΧ
ﶬĻҪǷͫԭ⣬ֵδ֮ʱʵǸ̫òʱΪԺĵǰ;ҲãֻǱҲãٶܵﶬƻ
ץסǡʱǮȥøﶬ̫ˡﶬٹʲô˷֪ͫھоǣһȫϸϸȥȥ˭ֱɱĸʵʡ
ȻɱﶬϱضƣٳҲܵӰ졣Ըں̲˳꣬ҲһͷﶬҪȥȻΪһǿ⻼
ɵԼϰһѿʵٺʲԶ֣ȷһʧһ˾Բš
ȷͫصʱ򣬼ʱ䣬صзǾͼ뺫īһ塣ͫݣīͫȴȵ
Сȥ׼ﵹһ£ȵүû𣿡
ͫȴΪҳԹˣ
˳Էӵ㣬үһֱڹȻóԹˡһȻ˵š
ͫĬûﶬǣ߹ģ͹ͷԡ
īＺû飬¸ˡ
šͫӦһ
һṦС̰ѷںãͫôҲˡԷʱҲų˰̶࣬ͫ£Ҹý𣿡
үҵԵЩȡ
ҲǾ𣿡ͫ˵š
Цǰˣү費ҪҵҲֻԼ֪ˡ

Цֵѵôүûö𣿡
ͫͣһ²ŵֻҲ벻ջ񡣡
һ²Цڴʵûʲô߼ҲǴ񣬶Դֻ£ȥǹ档ҵүδ
ͫĬ㶼ֻǺģǴ񡣶Ҽʹ޸˴ҲûԴԾӣΪΪЩʲô
ڷͫĬʱȴͫĿΪûСھԼָͫʢ˰뷹үǲҪ˼̫࣬ȳԷɡ
ͫӹȴ뵽һ£ﶬԺīʲô˼ҶúīȥﶬסҪҲͲһƴ
Цүʵڶˣֻǿ۾ջչĽǺʵġҲһòĶԶõģҪһֱȤΨһİ취Զò

 82 

ڷϵ˺ܶ࣬ൽ֪𡣵ǷĶɱֻǷǳİ˽ʱ򲢲࣬ȻⲢһһ֡
˴ΰɱҪ⣬ϰﶬڴǣ֤֤ڴ֮֡һѺڽ³Ǩ𣬴ĺ˳ĿǰΪֹû㺣ս
ԷͫŻԼκ֮ڡĵȻԶ֣Լߵˣ߲ûбָаѡԼҲ̤ʵһЩ
ﶬܻţﶬʮ꣬ڽһڽ¾ͻΪϵ壬ǴչȻ;޷⺣ս
ڼд㣬ɱﶬ֮࣬󣬳岻ٽʱˮȥʰ˺ڽ£Ҳó׻ĶӾˡ켺УڽҲҪʱ䡣
÷ľȵǣô飬ͫʵľߣȻӦ顣Щʶе̫СƷͫˣҲԭһֱΪûҪػСӡڲ֪УǸСëѾͷɳˡ
ֲþڷͫǬֹʱĸϵͷ̾˵볯֪Ǹǻ
ĵʱԣһֱĸ϶û÷ͫ˵뷨ͫʮʱ򣬷Ԫʵȴֻ˵̫Сˣȿ˵ٺҪģֻҲû뵽ͫĳɳѸ١˵Щͫһֱ˸׼ȱٵֻǻ
ͫߺ󣬷Ĳû뿪ǬֹظȥǬֹҪȫܵĶ࣬ҲǷͫԭ
ǿ鱨ĸϸİֻǻ֯ڰӾǷģĲĲأҲʶֻ˺
ԪʵһֱΪķʽڹλȫƿؾ棬Ͳܸκһᡣͱ糯֮ϣҪֻһҪ޾ǻʵˡ
ĵĶʱĵ֪˺ܶ顣ﶬνǳװӣԼʮˣŽģ⿪֮ŷǳ֮࣬ҪﶬȥҷͫܲĶࡣ
һֱǱչ״̬ڽ²κڴǾ͸˵ˡҪľǰѽʮȫѸپˮǰźŷȥʵҪǷ廹ڵУĻһ֡
ҪǷľﶬĵʵ̫ˣֻôʮˣ͸ֽףɱ֮Ӧ֮еģﶬ಻ûһҪǾﶬ֣Ǿһǳµ顣ĸһֱؾ볯õİö֪ϢʵڸСķ
ﶬĿǰסǵļеسСûסջֻӦǴһʱġͷﶬﶼûȥ󲿷ʱ䶼˹۹ϣûиκرӴﶬƺҲвԼ˶ˣҲ֮еģû̫Ϊ⡣
Ӱʮ֣ԼʮԱùʯСԺԱߡҹ֣ɱֱ֮һѻˣ¹ʵ̲¡
νԶֺﶬͻȻվԺһʫģȴתͷߵӣ̾һͷӶ֪⻰˼ԭķﻹ֪𣿡
䣬ҲǳֱӵĴݶֱʱȻǽһǳ׼ȡﶬüģ缺зﶬܵҲǳʱֻﶬӾͶһġ
飬ﶬһ˲䣬Ľ漺תһɴתΪƽɨһûУﶬӵͷֱֱͷ֮ʱѪ緢
ͷʱĹ֮ﶬﺮһ¡Ŀ겻ֹȫ书˵µɱﶬǰûиоôǿɱֻǾжɱ𸡶
һ˽һˣĲû׷ɱﶬֻ࣬Ǽָһӣ˶СԺϹּȫ׼û˷ϻԣֱӾǿɱ
ﶬȴûֱֻǰ棬ͷû¶ķģĿ
ûֱһ̳ﶬٲҴ⣬ȻУϴͫͫ书Ǹߣ˺
ƴʮУﶬ༺Ǳ߶·Ǵ˶֡ﶬʮ͸ǿɱˣɱ˾̫ḻˣֻǰ˳ֱҪĶࡣնɱԱɴһѪϵʱȫ޸Сֻɱ˶ɱɱû̫𣬶ȫˡ
ģ⼸ֽﶬԺֳ︡ͫùϵ׺֪ͫҪǶɱ÷Ķֻ뵽ʱﶬﲻֱֱ˸սǿ
ﶬţʵóˣں˼ľͻһ˳ˡγĶңΪ۾գһ¡
Ȼ֮󣬱ɱﶬ߹һɱģҪĴ÷һʱҲڳ֡
ﶬһϷȹֶ֣ﶬĴ󵶼ϻҪľģϹֵʵвֻ࣬ѡֻﶬǷĲû׷ר¡
ֻǰﶬҲ¹һֳֳĶɱʮ㡣ﶬֱȥûбʤİգֻҪԱͿˣյһֻһ졣
ֻǰȴƺ͸뷨Ĳȥ˵ɱ˵ʱȷڳһʱɱ֡
ﶬ໹ңΪɱһˣԳ˵үҲﶬš
ȫᣬȴһбһкֻƾ书жﶬɰտ϶ǷֻͫȴǸֻƴﶬţǶʱѷͫȴǷǳѡ
ⲻɣڣακݾﶬٴ˵š
ȻǲᣬȴǷǳȽûɱ˵ͼŲߡﶬжݣ˶Եüڵȡ
ǳͻȻľںﶬƴһʱһؽֱϮˡ

 83 

ҲǷͫһֻһɴֱԼϮսֶʱе顣ֵһͫͬĺˣĸң书ȴǸߵĳ档
ﶬҲˣֻǲ˭ĴûᣬȻŹҪߣͫȻֻ߳ȥٴס
桭ͫ
ֻǷͫʱע⵽СԺＺ̹𣬷ͫиԲٰ飬ôܻӣлһ·ڴˡ
ͫ£ļ漺Ĳ࣬ܵģҲҪɱﶬࡣԶľƣͫоɣﶬ࣬ӽˡ
һз֪ͫԼǺ˶ֻ֣ҪϺˣľлɱﶬ࣬ɱﶬ࣬ʱҲѡ֡
֮ʱ͸ͼġԷͫ书ҲǺ˶֣书Ϊ֧ǧвܻûġ
ʱеңģĽﶬֱ࣬ͫˣﶬǱߵ취Ҫ·
ͫüͷɱﶬ죬Ҫд鷳ͫһᣬΪĽת乥̣һɱɱ书ȻһҲʽһ£ֽƴĿɱҲֻȫмܡ
ȫмܷͫһ˵ﶬȫû⣬ɱ˾黹书ﶬڷĶ൱ĲࡣֻǼȥﶬһﶬ໹еѶȵġ
ͫı书·ԹΪټ书ˣĴΣվ·ϻʱͫǺˮֱǷͫҲɱﶬģʱƴҲﶬˡ
ĶڷͫķȻ˽⣬ﶬҲԽԽݣԽﶬ࣬ͫΣղŻټ֡ת˲֮䣬ﶬϻѪڣȻûһﶬ֧Ҳס
ﶬؿһѪ֮󣬷ͫо˶ĽԽԽͣһеʱ;ֶķ顣ֻȴ֣־ƣɱﶬҲãǺﶬҲãӮҪƴûǰλһֱڱʵ
ӲƴУͫսֱļòס˵ͫȻͣǶԼǷǳšǰλȴǾԵֻͣʹͽͲͬ˵Ľзǳ͸һɺﶬͷĵ·м
ﶬʵеģɱɱ˳ֺȻͻˣǰλµҲƾǴҽ·ֺúûжľ㡣ɳĴ̿ͣлƵֻң
һͺȴת˲ֽ֣֮ͫæתΪءֻǷͫתԵˣ伺ơͫľеŪδѪǲ̫õԵʡ
ֻǺһг֮󣬷ĵĿҲתͫߵļʽд󾪣û뵽Էͫ书ֻȥס˾Ȼ
ڷ˲֮ﶬûǰ׷ϣؽֻѷͫ׷Ҳȥ
ת˲ͷļУδﶬߣֱͫ׷Ȼĸƴ߷ͫﶬڵ״ǲͬģͫûҲʣﶬϿνú졣
ټﶬһֱڱ׷ɱ״̬̬ϾԲͫһһͫνռơ书˵ͫռƹսƣȡȴҲһʱ顣
ƴ֮ȴֲòעͫﶬľҪĿ궼ﶬǶԷ
ĸսٴչﶬ˲ᣬͫϷҲԡ˵ֽֽ֮ʵھ̫࣬ҲǷһĲ÷֣֮ͫھЩ֣ͫЩУȻȫ
÷ɻѡЩ־ȻڻûæģղһӳһȺˣ书ǿɱ˺ǿų̣жġ˵ǵĿֻ֣ﶬ࣬ﶬȫġ
Էǳ϶ﶬɳ͹ƾǼһҲȲǰλҪĸˣһٻˡʵ˵ɲĴ̿ͣǰϣ书̶ֳȵĶĳ
ߡһ߳ڣִóһɫ裬ֻһףʱŨ̹
ͫһеӰȥʱȴͻȻסĿڱǡֻǼʹͫǾʲôУһʹֱվ
ڷͫĹŨͻȻʧŷſȴǳ˿ֻﶬȴʧ
ٵͷСԺŨ̼ʧϳʬ֮ͻȻ˵ļʱĶγɾһ졣
㣬û°ɡͫæţղŷȹˣŨӦñȡ
ҡҡͷһ㣬ҼϰˡЧǳ̣ɱǳǿ鷳˵һҩݷعۼߣоʱ᲻á
漴ͫ£̾£Ҽƻʧ󡣡
ͫȻûֵȥһˣûʲôˣʹﶬܻŻȥҲ̫鷳
˵ŷľҪȥСԺ֮з䣬ŲȻ֪ôʬ塣
㡭ͫͻȻڡ
ţ
֪ʥӻ书𣿡ͫʡ
ĿͫûȷϢһʮĽû᲻书


 84 

ץﶬ˺þòͣһӵʱֻͬĺڵȴš˹ӭȥס˵ﶬ࣬ﶬĺֵҹǡ
ǡӦţʵڴ֮ǰͰźˡȻԾǵĽ䱸ҹŪȥѡ
ﶬȴԼľˣֻǸ뿪ڣֻ˴ӿڴóһ壬һһΪһﶬֵ࣬һ顣
ﶬ۾˹ȴôȷһȥ֮һᱨ֮
ͫʵȨֲµľ֣˶ƵˣĿֻ;ÿ£ͬģһҪĴҲǳˡ
˸ûﶬֻ࣬ǵȰԺ»ǽСЩãһžʹһҶ
ﶬĬһֻҪסһҪֻȷʵҪʱԷ֮ı˾ˡ
˲ﶬ࣬תȥ
ͫ͵͵ظģȻʱҲĳڷĿʼֵʱͰˣµľΪб䣬һֲңסһָҡǷͫôҲû뵽ﶬˡ
ͫǱзǵʱҲû·ֻǰϵֲ첲Ҳһ飬ͱؽġ
ϸ룬ֻʱǾ䡰ʵڷǳ࣬ɱ˾ɱ˸ûôϻҪһ˿ܻҫǲġ벻˵ֻڿţ˵
үôˡʶֻͫǿͫ͵ʱһ¡æ߹ʣ𣿡
ֻͫǿһӼװͷҲƽɢţ̩Ȼȫûһ˿ԡ
һ˲ͫﲻ֪ʲôŵû£ˡ
үáﲻɵ˵ţֵүȥɱ˭ˣ
ﶬࡣͫ˵ţֵΪܲ³
ȫµҲܣֻ˵⡣˵ţȴЩпĵ˵ڽϵǸ½ϣеϧˡ
ô϶һɱﶬࣿͫʡ
ҪһɱȫûıҪһͣһ£ֵοүһǿԮ壬ʵҪɱﶬ࣬һ㹻ˡ
ʧˣսﶬˡͫ˵ţֵ׼ȷ˵Ǳ˾ˡ
ˣЩ˼оȻ˶Ѹˡ
Ҳһֱ롣ͫͣһ£ȴʣ˭Ṵ˳
ôͣھƵģֻˣ塣һȨ̫һ̫ϵ飬ִȻһɲˣһֱɳĴ̿˵ֱûĸֵġ
үӦ֮˭õ沢Ťתֽơһ£ֵһ˵ϷӿʱбĿԣĵ̫Լûкô
ллѡͫ˵ţͻȻķԸ̶ˮϴ衣
ЦЩˣһ𣿡
ðͫЦŵ
ԡ类ˣԭľͰɴӣͫЩôֻǸɹ֮ϵ÷ͫĿһѣҲˣһһϴԡʩҲںΧڡȻһ֢ÿС׼ˮʱ䳤ˡ
Լһ̿װֻûʲôˣǷͫû˿ֻǷͫµ·ֵú˴ɡ
šͫӦһǸúīȻҲԴֻҲס
һ̶˵˵ˮ׼ˣ˶˶ֻ¹ȥʵͫһֱ֪Ƥһֱܺãһˮʱ忴ףܰ׺ƽһ϶ûСȻһЩ˿ɼһҪ˵ո˶֣ҲδⱣ̫ˡ
֪ͫĺ˭Ҳ֪ĵĵһɶҲһƻ˵δ뿪һֻҲܻ٣̫ͨͱ
Ҹ𣿡ڳţû˵Ҳû飬֪˶ãͫͻȻڡʣֻƽĿڣЩ񻰼ҳֻԵЩ˸С
ͣһ£һ㶼ĵүڻҾﶬࣿ
ֻͫǿͣһ²ŵܸһ𣿡
ûʲôɡﲢûб⣬ֻЩ̾˵š
ͫͻȻЩˣûб⣬˵ʲôͫšǲȥǸҲɡ
֮Уνδǿʵ˵ƾΣѹڵġͬĴ㵥ȥεһҲǴϵĿʼûΪκĶ
ҲΪ𣿡ʡ
Ҳɡͫ˵ţȷʵ֪ĵ뷨ֵҽǸƾʵ˵ˣû֤Բ֡ȻûаյҲ֣ͫҲףһֱȡ
ͻȻЦˣүΪҵ𣿡
Ҫ㣬ҸúúøмĲɱ֮ͫ˵ĺ棬ʱȷʵɱ
ǺǡЦֵү̫ˣҪң۴ķҶûҪɱ㡣
԰Ҵˡͫǳ˵ţɱЩǷ׵һնɱĺ̫󣬸˵ûû˿ɽ
Ц̲סιͫͷүǲǾýǸˣҲΪҵˣˣеһЩ
ǡͫ˵ţȴͻȻЩģ
ǺǡЦ˵Щˣû뵽Ǹӡ
ֻͫǿ
ЦŵȻҲ֪Ϸʲô£ҿƲһ¡ү밲ȥɱﶬ࣬ͻȻܳһﶬˡү˽ˣ书ߣдĻᵫȴû㡣
ǵġͫȻ
΢ЦŻĵҾһ£ңʵûɡȣҵĿȷǾﶬ࣬Ȼ𰲹ķŭ԰飬ǵŭ˶ڵʱľͻǳ

ߣַƱãֵöȨʱ㣬㽫ʧһܴᡣڴӲܳͷĻ״£ΪķӰǿ϶ġǺĻӣҲ˵б䣬ڴݾԶ뿪ıȫܵġĿǰ˵ҵݻ仯Ͳܡ

Цſֵͫүʲô뷨ʹңҲвĿ͹ԭ޹ء

ֵۺʱҶϣүȼסԼݣȻȥ򣬽
ͫٴγĬԭɫһ˿ģӰƺˡûȥͫȴͻȻʣ㰮𣿡
ܿ϶Ļش
ͫͷЩ˼顣
΢ЦɫӲ֪ʲôֵҵǰޡ
أͫԾʡ
ˡƽ÷ֵͫҵĺʱġ
ͫԾõ
Ǹǳڹ֮ҵŮӣȴƫƫȢһӡǼ缴ƽȴͫоһ⣬һ˲඼˱
ͣһ£ȴͫĵҪʱʱǵԼݣǵԼҪʲôڻУҪľҪ

 85 

һҹͫ϶Լû˯ţ˯ĺܳ־һֱŵģʲôڷ徲ͬߣû˯ţЩʲôǲö֪֪ͫиʽͬΣǷͫҲ֪ͬβ£Ϊٻ֪ԷʲôµԼ˻᲻ͷ²ذѵö֪
δ糯ʱ䣬ﶼʱҹСȴѣƻмү
ͫһ˲ѣŵĶҲʱʧ֮С̼·úãͫС̺Ĵ꣬ͼš
үƻ˵š
ôˣͫʣķ֮ʱ˵ҪȥӦҷ¡
̣˼Сƻ˵š
ޣͫԵЩƽ̫ŮΣ
Žգ֡ƻ˵ţֵ񵫷ͻᱻץסʡ
ǵȻġͫ˵ţƴ𣬶ûйһֱûֳӦûоûҪ̿ͼٴ̿ͲȷǽץﶬģȻҪҡ
үȥ𣿡ƻ˵š
ͫе㾪ȣ̣ȥʡҪ̫Ụ̊Ҫȥƻֵ˵ʱ򣬼үȥˣ֪̫ŮٻԼȥġ
ͫʱףʼҵЩȻֻ֪Ҫǫ̃ϴҶᵱ֪ǫ̃ʱǾͱʾпüֵи鷢Ҷ׵үǲܵı˭졣
Ҳ̫Ů»ŮҪڵ˵ǾǴ£Σ˵ǴеĴ¡ֻǻĸλȻĿǰΪֹ̫Ů֮λ˿ɺ봦Լ׽þԵ̫ˡ
̫ŮҪúôô򣬵ʱȡǿӲֶΣһ֮á̫׻Ǿ
үҲҪȥ𣿡ƻʡ
ȥͫ˵ţȥˣȻҲҪȥ
̶̷ŻװҪŵʱҲˣȴûֻǶԷͫЦЦүҪȥ
šͫӦʱһ£֪̫ŮɺôҲ̫ŮĶʱܰ
¹ش棬ܻΪһԼĹҶˡǽ̻ȻԲȴܲᡣ
Ц̫Ů밲ΪңҲΪүȻҲΪҡ
ͫͷŵ㻹รɡ
ЦͻȻ֪Ҫ֤֤ңүΪ
ɱͫ˵š
ûЦֻǿŷͫ
ͫĵѹ˾һƽΪ֮ܣοһǻΪʲôΪܵģͬ
ͣһ£м̾ĵүȻҲش֮ˡ
ͫûٽӻֻתȥڷͫ˵Ĵ岻ģνν档ͬﶬõǮϵİⳡδϴռλǺǴһҪһǧֹ𺦡
նɱﶬһڴʵֻﶬδͲԶȣǴˡԼ˵ģǴʿ־ٶȻƲǷͫǣĹ棬û취֪
ͫȥǰûаƺֻ֣Ǹͫ˵˾Ե֮ȥͨһṦ׹ŷͫȥȻ˵̽ģŮֻͫǷ
ֻǵͼڣȻһͫһ£æǰ밲ֻ߻Ҳˡ
̣ͫ˵š
ɡüͷ
л̫Ůͫ˵š
ͫ˳λ£Ե÷ǳҪѹû˸˵ηȴǿ˷̫Ůȥûã̡
̫Ůˣ֮Ϊ֮˷ʤվȰ˵š
Ҳվ̫ŮǲҪ̫ˡ
ͫףԭĻڡСүҲ˵˼ȰοĻֻ̫Ů֮̾ʱ˵˾ã԰ҵѣ⻰Ҳ١
үҲŸ䣬ȴǵĵռǵʱĻ⣬ᵽһ£ʱʵھЩЦҲûڽöھ̲סһᡣ
˲ҿڣֻȷġֻ̾໹˵죬˻ġ
̫Ůһ˷Ӧǹ졣Թ¾ǳģǾԼġЩʵ۵Ů¼ޱȵݣͬʱҲΣߵݣүɱڲҪɡ
ҲݳΪԭ˭пܵλأԣΪȥҲӦ
̫Ůͣһֵĸϵʱ˵ֻ֮ǵҵĺӣֻҪΪ֮֮˵
ɫ֣Ȼû˸ҽӻ
̫Ů񻰼ҳƵֵҲǣͬΪãĸϵĺӣȻΪ˴ΪǷһ壬νȻҲǲڵġ
̫ŮƮƮļЦֻǶסˣһվġȻֻǱĻǲ㹻ģ̫ŮǵЦ˵ģȻҲЦʵүtҲ⻰˵ģֻ˭Ͳö֪ˡ
ͫȻҲǲ⣬ֻȴ̲סүǡԪʵһ߸ŮΧֻǿԻɵĶȴҲ١ͫȴԼ˼ȥǷҪ˼飬˭뺶λã˭ȡΪһµۣⶼҪҲҪ¡

 86 

󣬶ƽϢͫһ㶼⡣ΨһеδץԷھЩĲµټϷԪʵ۰ڸ˶ˣȻûץﶬ໹ϸˡ
ͫĴǸһȥȴûܳʱ䡣һæµҪǹں˷档˵ĲǷͫŰģҲֵͷϣ˵ҪˡΪ˴ðȫ齨ճˡ
齨Ǿѣܲ˵ܺã⼸ûнΪʡ˴ʿ齨ʱǸĿǺ⡣
ֻ˭ȥ÷ͫЩͷʹʱǲ뾩ǵġҪƽ齨ΪֹûﶬӰҪﶬԴһ㣬սпϿʼ
ղֱӹȥЧİ취ѡĺ鷳캣Ǿͱʾ԰쵽ȥԾȨȨӰȴ֪ھܹܴ£ָɣҲʲô˶ָɵˡ
ҾүӦǰͷ롣ԷʱͻȻһ䡣
壡ͫȻ
ƷڳзǳúҲǷǳǿôöڹŮżȫӣʲôȥʲô̧ŮʱϣϷҪһֱڻְ̫Ůֱϵ£̫ŮΪ˴£ܷŹ˲š
Լó壬̫ŮûֻҪ̫Ůܸо⣬ͲˡҸѵõǳ廹ǷһԼҲ˵ģǰ˵ģԲʵȫ֮ߡ
лѡͫ˵š
΢ЦԶԡ
ͫȴԺȻʣʲôʲôлʱû˿ڡͺûзǷĻ̫ŮҲûжһжȻֻǷ֪ͫģ˽ûн̸֪ͫ
ʱͫͺȫûзǸ֮⡣֪ʲô׼ȷ˵֪ʲôͱǰޡһΪӵŮӣô֮ôĴ
˽Ҳһֱڱ棬еϢ֮ģ֮ǰȫ֪ͫ룬ʥӵĳƺţɳĴ󽫾ҲһӵôӦڵġ
үʲôЦʡ
ͫҲĿջǷӦ
ЦмִȤĵѵӦͲ𣿻Ҫ쳳ţҹȥ
ͫȻ
ֵʵ˶ӦǿӾǺˣȻҲ֪ǰˡԴҵ֮ı仯ǳˡ
ͫĬҪǸ緢ʫѹȺ˵ĺīڿ»ȡڵĺīе÷ͫӣī켣һֱڸıţҹӳһȴȫš
֮õһԵȴﶬֶԡīԸʧȥ࣬û뵽ȥǾͱʾҪҸıܼȥ
룬ʵֹٿڵѦб仯ҲǷǳԡΨһûôãֻھƣþܶˣҵùʱҲһԼ˲Ųʡ浽ʱСָΡ
￴ֵͫүԼ˶٣ѵо𣿡
ֻͫ̾˿ͻȻҲⲻǱ仯ǳ죬˾һ֮ıҪı䡣ͺñһӤӲµ£Ӷµ֪¡
ǰﵭӦš
ֻͫǰѳֱȥ͢ом𶯡̧ŮȻǰѾȨ⻹ͷһΣ˵屾ֻǿƾٳαܾȫûо顣ȻͫдҲףֻóͳ캣ʵʲˡ
߳볯ʱ䲻ͻȻί˵ΣǳĲð캣˵ǸͨһĴ£Ҫͫүȥ컹л˵ǻȨֻһƽʵڲ˷ġ
˲һϣ̫Ů顣ȻλĻԪʵۣµǷڣӦ˵ϲ˵ǷǳݵķԲȻῪֹ
ͫ׷ͼóڳ˵꣬ù˽ｻ̫ڰݣβѹʵ۵ķͷڴһ㱣֤ûЩ治ҲԵǻԺٷʡ
ͫ˳δظ·Ͼͼһ߹̫Ů
鷳˴ͫЦŵ
̫Ůټ֣óӦûҲΪԪʵۼƵԭ̫ŮһֱûȨȻ˵ҪʲôʱܼЧԺܲõ˵л쵽У̫ŮǲŹֻᡣ
ǸһҪôѡʵҲܺѡµĽ˧ʤʹ½ս뺣սͬǴһЩͬġǣ̫Ůĵ뺣
ߵ̫Ůͫ
߻ƽЦŵ
л̫ŮͫСĻػ
żɽ߻ô뵽ó壿
ͫһ£ǳٷĻش뵽ó壬ԭһһְֱڻȴǳ֮ϹΪĸ̫Ůʱ佱Ʒǳпϡ
ĳ񲻴Ǻ֮ΪרҵĹ˲֮⣬ĳǷǳġȻڵλδطٵĹϵڳĦһطٷͻʲֻ࣬ɾٹȥ˼淢ͻͲճˡ
˵ʱ򣬷ͫͣһ²ŵҴǷֽƺǿڽҪǷ˳ͻΪռϷ档һҪ̸еڵʱ򣬻ĹٳΪʡ
˵һ㣬ҪﶬԴȣھ͸ҪĲǴ򣬶Ҫ̸Сٸﶬȥȥʲôʱսʣ˵ֱӱչֹͣȳȶ֮ٻߵȷٽ֮ʱٵͷʰﶬࡣ
뵽ͫܲ̾ҪһɱﶬҲûⳡ鷳ͫԼµľﶬĴʵڲлһҪȥ

 87 

ͫһ꣬ͣһ²Ц߻ÿǵĺȫ
ͫԵЩڨڨĵǰЩӵ飬ҳ⣬ɱﶬȷʵ⣬ֻûɹ
߻˵ʲô߻й޹
л̫Ůͫ˵š
ͣһֵΪղͳ캣ͦʵģ¹شһȥַֻˣ˵׻ЩᡣоĸҲǷǳҪ֪߻ûѡ
ͫԥزװӣ治֪Ҫô˵áͷͫԼ˵õĵȻѡµĴ󽫣ֻ̫Ůͬ𡣼ʹ̫ŮĽǶƣֺԪʵۻ˵ĵ˸̣÷ĵ˶൱ʵģֻЩʵڲ㿪ڡ
ͫ´ΪĹͳȥٺЩֻǳھȫ֪ʵûʲôѡ
ͫͣһ²ŵΪ߻ˣһЭ̣ѡ֮󣬾鷳߻þٰˡ
ǡͫӦš
ȴǿͫͻȻʣɺá
ͫͷһæܺãл̫Ůġ
Цǳº͵ĵʵЩ
ͫһ¡
Ǵһʱõ¥ϲΣҪУԸм۵۸򡣡Цŵ
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ͫһȴѸٵǡ̫Ů˽ײ飬֪Ϊʲô
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ֻеԼҩͺˣү̫ˡҽԷͫ˵š
šͫӦţæֻīмСԱߡͫͺԶ˵һˣͫ£ɫȷʵм㲵ôúõĲˡ
ǳԻ˶ӡڴЩ˵š
ͫȴ̾￴ͫɫʣүʲô£
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ҵʲô¡ﲻµЦ¥ϲһм֧ʵڲȥ鷳˴˲ȥһ˰ɣ̫ŮҲ֮Թȥ
ǡī
ͫȴ̫ŮյȥȻúīȥʹ岻ãҲүȥϲʡ
ȻԸȻĵͫҲûֹֻǰߵСǹʳСҲ˵ʲôֻ˵ʱͳһӣȻˡ
ͫҲû𱸣ֻǻ£ȴүõģͺˡ
šͫͷȴû߿ֻڴţҲû˵
ֻǿүĺ硣
һỹҪȥͫ˵ţ³ͱ̫ŮˣּͻظȻԵˡ
˳Цԭү³ȥˡ
šͫͷʵһֱ˳֮û˵лԵͫٸ̸۳µʱ˾Ե޻
ĬС̰ҩ˹￪ڣСԼһŶͫеĿʵרԶǺģүҲУһ㶼ǷǳʱڲŻáβò򵥡
ְͫҩ˹Ц鷳үˡ
ͫСȫˣʣ֪˭ģ¶ҲǷǳİɱֶ֮һ
Ҿ֪үұ𣿡Цʡ
ͫĬҲ÷ҲöаɱĶɣڴȷʵк档ɱǲ׵ɵĻȷʵá
Цֵֻܿ϶Ǻˡ
ͫﻰһ˼֪ġﶬĺûȷ֮ǰԲᶯֻ֡Ƿġ
үض룬Լ黹ӦЦţֵ쳯Ӧÿʼۺ˰ɡ
šͫͷ
ЦóӦû谭鷳ǸҪδ䡣
̫ŮʹңֻƲ֪񡣡ͫЩ̾˵ţǷĵìܳͻĸȻˣûʼͿҪĸϲ֣ĸֱȻǷĵĸֻǷĵľȨټأͲ֪ʲôɫˡ
Ҫ£죬ȷղͳ£ĵĸ棬һǷˡĴʽͫȺһѣ⺣ûȨʼŶӹȥȱὨ£ܲȴҲǳı¡
֤ͬҪǳܰˣⶼʰ׵һʱҲõãԺǰ;ȴǲ
ѡãû׼ʱ䣬ֱּóµˡͫеʱ򣬰Ѹϳȫ˸һݣʵسϳеѼϼܵļʽһֱڻŲͻȻȥ캣˵Ĳ£ǹ齨ֵģĲ½һĹ٣˵ǴҲԣ˵ݺҲ˵ͨ
Ǵ£Ǵ󹦣첻ǵԴԪʵҲã̫ŮҲãôģ˵ˣҲΪƽϢʱӷĹŮǵŭ
غˣغˣ´˴أǧС¡ͫš
¹ٻ̿֡˵ʱҲмεʵû뵽Ȼ̧³
ȻмֱԹͫȴ֪ܸ˵ֻһеıʾڳ˲ٹ
ͫͣһ£мԥȴǵų´һŮڼУ֪Ƿ񰲶ٺãǸŮ񣬷ͫͼԶôã⺢и˭ͻǹؽ˵һŮв˵˵ĲҪǰ˾ҪŮǳͲûɡ߳˲֮󣬳۱֮ʱ⺢Ҳǳİѱ
ʵͫʱտͷʱŵΪã졣ֻת뷨̫棬ҪǸʱ˵տ̫ŮͲ֪ʲôӦˡȻ̫ŮҲܻȻչ˳̫ˡ
лģСŮ׵˵š
ͫʱҲˣֵϴ˽´˱ء
л͡

 88 

ĲûٳҩȥĶ˵ʲôͫûʡ캫īӶ֮󣬷ͫʹīֻǻأ̫ŮѲˣ˵ˣοҲû˵
Ȼʣͫȴһֱæµӳ嵽ϴ𣬷ͫʱź˵ӣǹںֵġﶬӦͻص˺ڽ£ϱս׼ʱ䣬ﶬϿսͫ⡣
ȻҪﶬ಻ĳƿʱڷͫɿӳԶһԲ
ǲȫҲҪúڽ»طǵϴȥڽµʱﶬ˵ǱĴ̫ˣǱŷǳڽԶͫڽĺҲкŵأֻǱҲˡ
ʱͫһ¹ںսһЩ֪ʶֻȴ֪οڡƾˣҲδػ˵
֪мůûȷͫȥ̤̤飬ʷˡһֱʷûôҪǸԪʵйϵһֱԣӦ˵һֱԪʵ۶뾡취ѹƻʷ
վǸʦ񣬳ԳԼҲˡǽ겻ͬʷʮգһǰ񸮾Ϳʼ׼ͫȴЩ̾Ｋط⻰еģǻʷĵһ
Ǻī׼ģͫԿˣҲûᡣֻͫǷԸīȥͫڻʷûкøУȻһ֮мЩڻʷֵµĹֲ֪ж١
죬ͫﶼװȥʷȻҪǳ˻֮⣬дҲһݼأʵ۶ҪЩȼٹҪȥ衹ݼ
ͫﵽʱ򣬷ʷĻŮŷˣͫǰ
Ц߻Ƿͷް
ͫɫδ䣬Ļش𣺡ĸ̫ŮʶСòлᡣ
ɫ˱䣬Ϸͫ΢ЦƺʢԱ̫Ůû˵ʲô
漲ͫ͸ӻЩкܶᣬǵճŮֻݾͱһ㡣ʷҲǻֻǷǽǷǽԼ׽øѻ֮Ҳֻڸˡ
ûվһᣬ߸ŮˣһľǰȻסڹﵫѦڹ⣬ֳϱһ
йŮǽͫŵʱ򲻽̧ͷֻʷһ˶λϣԪʵۡ
Ǵ̫ŮʼֻҪǰʷ˭ʲǰģ
ŵòһ£æˣ̫ŮɫǰصǶ⣬̫Ůȥţ֮⣬˺һݼϡ
ߡ̫Ůȥˣһǰòҵ򿴣Թ޴˹ءʷ˵ţͣһֵֻһҵĳݡ
Ů˵ԽԽ壬ֻǵʱ̫ŮȻȻûйԵϻˣҶɣݾͬһҡ̫Ůڣȫʸһ𳯰ݸϡ
ͫҲмֶݣŮìǼټˡʵ̫Ůϸ˵еʧġòҾǷŵƽ֮ҲǴ̫ŮˣҲǻλͻǻʷ
̫Ů̧Ů֮Ȼңֻʷͼʮǧﲻֹʷ̫ŮӹȻҲԪʵйϵ
գ£ʷҪͬڵģŮݡʷգȻҲǻʷһܳݣؾҪգû뵽Ԫʵۻûӡ
ЩԪʵ۸ṳ̂ڻʷУʷҲࡣԼŮ֮ҲʼŸɣʷǺˡ
ʱֻүǰȰǸϵĺӣαΪЩС¶ġ
̫ŮƺҲ̾˿°ɡ
Ѹȥ̫ŮߵŮҲǸȥ
ʷƺЩ˳ֻɫȴԵЩˣֽգšӳ޸ôޣֻ缺ôŮֻŮҲ缺ĻΨһֻм빬ҪԼļ峤ʢ˥
С֮⣬Ůĳǳ˳ĺѦǰʱ򣬻ʷһ΢Цȴһ˵䣬ǷĻǷͫˣǾһɹŵĺ⡣
Ů񣬺Ҳ漴ϡԼ򣬻Ůǲ£һݼ꣬ȻӵŻʷһȥǬֹʷһȺݣзһȺǽ
Ȼ£ǻʷһƼǬֹȻʷΪԸ⡣Ҳ衹Ӽ⳼
ڻʷ£ڻŮȴ֮ʱͻȻڷͫüʷĶˡ
ͫԾô˸飬ʷԪʵ֮ǰһ㶼⡣ʱжҪڹо¶ʷԪʵˣûʷ·ĹҲֻзˡ
ܲ˵һ䣬úݵġҲòϣҲΪ̫Ůܺģ̫ŮλһЩꡣ
ͫһֱ㵽зȺʱֻǾ仰˵ķͫʵڳûʳʵ˵ͫϣʷһֱţҪǿܻϣԪʵ֣̫Ůµ֡Ůɱ׸ϷڻҲ⣬Ƿͫ˿
ղŵĻʷжӦһʱˣʷʽӦڷֻ֮Ƿ̲ͫס룬ҪԪʵۼ÷ûʷλ᲻Ӧ
ʷ̫Ůʷй̫Ů˵š
֪ˡ̫ŮӦһˣҼȥ
й¡
ʷһӣ̫ŮҲܣǻʷȴʱǰٻ̫Ůһֱ衹ȥʱȻһƬϲֻǷǳйȫ˿
ߵϡ
ʷȻһװλϣȴû÷ֻĿβſڵʣһܻã
̫Ů̧ͷʷȻǻʷûʧ̬ûʧһׯࡣһ˲̫Ůﲻ֪ʲôȻһƽȴһԲ
ҴŹҵȻҲûŹҡʷ˵ʱһ£û뵽ҵҲء
ʵ֮ǰҲû뵽ҵĸϣҵĸϻڣȻûƽͣȻƽţֻǴһɱˡ
ǺǡʷЦȴȫû˸ղŵţһȵŵ÷򣬴ֱֻŵ̫ŮõĿ֮ʣȻҽ̳ĺŮκλ谭Լˣ˭һɳȥãá
Ȼֻǹſ̫ŮһԲ
Ϊ㡣ʷһֱЦţڿڣɫƺûҲ˸ղŵҴӶ֮Ƿ㣬û¶ҵҽҴӶĵڶ죬ϡ

ͲµԪʵ۲Ҽȥû뵽֡ʷЦ˵ȴڿޣֵ֪Ԫʵ̸õ֮һɱңһŵڹĿɽȻȨ֮һ峹𣿡
ǡĻشܸɴࡣ
ֻǷĻ䣬žһ⣬ʷֱ˦ϡʷȻ书һȥ̫Ůָӡ
ȻһŵĹţ̫ŮķӦʷƺ˵ʲôҲһʼͲ֪ԼҪ˵ʲô衹һ֪ԼҪľγΪһʷԼĵλ̣ҸʢԼĶԼĵˣԼԼŮ̫Ů̫֮ԣе㲻ȥ룬ôԪʵ۲ģ֪
߰ɡʷ֪̫Ůãڿڡ˵Ƿȫû˸ղŵһãȻ
һۻʷȴٴߵ׵ˡ䣬ȻŶأ׼Ļʼǡ
Գд֪Ҵû̫Ůλ̫ŮҪŵʱ򣬻ʷͻȻڡ
Ųͣһ¡
ʷ̾˵޻ʲôֻǵҲϣ㵹ԭֻ㲻òվߡ
ֻǾţȴûлſվһŴ̤衹

 89 

ʷصϢʱ򣬷ͫûоȣӦ˵û̫˾ȡһĩ·ʱĿɽʷƺҲȻֻǺǡɵ̫ŮҲˣӦ˵ڻʷٳ̫֮ŮͲˣ˵Ƿ纮ǿɿϢ˵Ĳݵ඾δԵʡ
ͫڶĲݶЩ˽⣬̫ŮڷʼЩĲݵ඾ǲܳɾ
ԭʷأŮǶҪȥģȷͫʹϢʷ˭ҲͫȫνֻǻʷŮһֱ衹⡣̫Ů˵²˴ûȥټϻʷ̫ŮֻԼŮҲڹš
ԪʵȴһֱûʲôӦȻԪʵ۱ҲһֱţиڡԪʵ֪̫Ůˣҽȥֻ˵Ҫ̫ŮҲ⴫˻һɲֻڶоǳʱһԪʵ۴
˵ԪʵۣʵǴŶԪʵӸû취ٴһ̷ֱԪʵ۵İġһ־棬д󳼲ܲ²⣬ԪʵһֱŵľǷģ̫ŮʱʱһбʱһֱԪʵߵİ̫лˡ
ڴ￪ʼֹ֮ʱȥ̫̽Ů顣ʵԴӰʦؾھеҲ˵ǰ֮ھдʱõһʱڡǰֻƲ˹ϵضսʵûʲôῴ˵ìܡֻ˵꣬˹ϵģȻûͻ
ηѰȥģĳʱ׼׵
³ǰ̫Ůڻ԰롣
ŷĵ԰ʱ̫ŮֻͤУŮǶߡֻ͵԰ſھˣһ߹ȥͼ̫Ůһ塣
ߵ̫Ů
̧ͷֻǵҪҪһ֡
̾Ҫ
û취˵ţݵȴԵ÷ǳľʮ㡣
ĳĬڷλٴεҪúþĲݵĶٸˡ
ŵʱϸ˵ҡ̫Ů񻰼ҳһĿڡ
ĻķţǷֻʡ
̧ͷģ˵Ҳšֻǡ
ֻ衹ͲˣӺܾúܾǰ֪븸ϵìȫɵ͵ġֹ󹬸Ǵ̫ʵۿʼµĹأʹĹ涨Ȼһ󻼣䵱ȫǳŷ֮ʱֺÿλʵ۵ͷ󻼡
̫ͬʵ֮ìҲӾ磬̫ѦԪʵ֮仹ܺƽദ󲿷ԭ̫ˣںУᳯ񡣶̫ãһǱԪʵŵˡ
Ԫʵ۵Ļλɱ׽̩ģ˵Ƕʱ̫ڹпȥԪʵ룬֮˵ȥֳ͸ˡ
ֽĻʷϿɲ̫Ѧֻӣ˵Ϊ̫һ죬ȨĶҲ̨Ǹʱڵ̫Ůѹƻʷͺˡ
ؾ̫Ůʱʷ򻹿ν໥ֵĹϵʷҪòТȥѹ̫ŮԼһƵ˵ԪʵۻڣҪù̫Ůǻ֮󣬾ȫֻ̫ͬҪТ̧ڣǻʵҲµ̨
ТΪȣΪһʵҪǶ̫򲻾治˵̫ڿԣТΪѹƻȨڵճŮʵҲǷȨǾԿܵġ
Ԫʵ۶ȥľܹϵģԷλһҪǻʷϱɱŮϷжټĳµȥ֣˵Ԫʵ۸ʷϹϵ˽ˡ
ĳĬҪ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãʷ̫ŮףʹڻʼҲһ󱯾硣
ȰԪʵۣԪʵȴǻ֮Ҫɱ־Ĺùã壬̣үүһѪףҪ֤Ͳ·ǴǿȨһת۵㣬Ҫȥ
ĵʱҲҲȰο̫ŮһӦ飬ʾܽܵˡ
ͷ૵ĵŲűӦ
ЦҪֶսϵͰ˺ˡ
Ҳǡ˵ţ̧ͷȻûһ˿ϲɫͬҲˡСƸ鼺Ϊһϰߣ沿ôġ
ĲݵĶݲڵġɫ˵š
šӦţ֪ڵ״ȷʵˡֻǺͻȻģȴҾҲͦãһʹĸо֤ԼѪȵġ
̧ͷȴ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôáӺܶǰףߵһ֮·ҲǴ̫ŮλϵΡΪȷʵΪΪһ»ʵ׼ɵǴҪһʵۡ
һĹӢԴһȱĻʵۣǴҪġϵĽɽ̣̫濪񣬼ʱսҵӰȫʧһֱŴҲƽ¾ҪľϿһʢ
ǿȨȨŷˣˣƶһϵдĻҪ¾ȥ¾Щ֮ǰɱ˳Ϊһֱ롣ҪǼʹɱѪɺӣҲҰҲö˿Ļҡ
ֶΣͣؽȱһɣȴǡǡȫӵУ˵ǻԵɺҲ˵ʹһһһܲףʵʱʵǸףͱ˵̫ʵۣǾһˣս˲Ĺҵ
ֻǰһ˷ŵĻҲδзãϵ⣬ص㲻ͬس֮뿪֮ҪŪλӣҽޱҵ״̬
ȴЦõģûµġ
úñء˵żˡ
šӦţֻǵµʱֻǿŷĵıӰﲻ֪˸ʲôʹǰøŮӣڵҲֻǴ

 90 

ʷǲǬֹģʷ࣬ȻԻʷ˵ȥ֣һֱʷǳƺеֻ֣־û˸˲ΪʲôʷǬֹȥġ
ʷȥ˵ǹб䣬׷ʲôͫ˺þҲûóȻˡֻ֪һţϵʱ򣬻ʷͻȻװֱǬֹȻһֱʷǬֹǲô鷳ģǲ֪ʲôʱʷͽȥǬֹˡ
ֻʷ򴩵ǹڷйҲãҲãһƬǬֹƹйǰͱʷһƴ˵ϡȻҲû˸
ȥ֮˾͸ûֻ֪˵ǬֹܰᶯĶµģȻڷͫ¾Ҳ˳ǻʷߵ̶֪ͫʱһ¾֪ģȻǻʷ̶ʵе㲻˼顣
ΪһܸŻʷ̶ĸ˵Ϊֺû׼ģҪ̶ܳ裬˵ҲǺ¡ؾҵˣҲЧҡԼߵܵ˳ңùȥұˡ
ֻʷԷĶԷ̬ͫȣҲ֪ʷӵ¾Ϊжд̣˶졣˵ԻʷĳܻΪʵ۵ƫĴ漵ʣἵԼߵˣεԼĵλ̲ġ
ʷǬֹ˺һ죬м䴫ţûԲ֪Ԫʵ۵ͷ񱻻ʷʲôˡôȴ⣬ԪʵӦûģؾԪʵ۵乴ʹ״£ʷҲ˵ͷ
ʷȥǹɥʹԪʵʷǳҲǴɥ£Ԫʵ岻ãɥ̫Ůٰ졣ھТֺ꣬ʥ»ʷ
ǻʵ׺գմ죬ɶʮա󳼣ТǱȻ֮⣬г˽ʮĹϸڣȻǹɥǳ˴֮⣬ƽնʡҪôɥҲдװס
ͫſ̫ŮڽТģ˵˿ТеֵԪʵҲˣһֱԪʵ۲ǰֳۺʧ͵ӣû뵽ɥϾȻ˻ʷ档
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ı仯˵ûʲôãֻǷͫȴͻȻе㻳Ǹ裬Ȼ¥ӵСˣ˵ڷͫУòŸá
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ͫ˼䣬ī˵õӹͦģû׷֮⡣ǶɽڵӵڽϻεٹŪþһͫĽ̽нֻˡ
ΪɥĹϵһԵðˣʮɥڹһЩ³ҲǲÿŵġǣҪʵСոΪŮΪոҪĵҪ档
͸ˣרŰѺīһ£ѼеɫϲɫĶȫﶼúīһһŵλҪв
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ֻǷͫܲ̾ǰǸ绪ò޵ľӾȻȥרЩʫʣ飬ЩΪ޷ʵĶ缺뿪˵
Ȼɥں˵ȴûͣҲǷͫԸġֻҪǺд󶯾ʱڳм˾棬βܿս£ĶҪپҪҪ
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ǰӰῪŷҽΪһĸ֮ҡûʲô仯ֻҵӵ˵ʱƷΪپͲˡƷƾݵλһݶ½ˣ˵ʱȫûˡ˵֮Ѧӵ뵱٣ߵ;ǲμӿƾ١
ӵľһºеģĺӣԪʵ۲̫ŮˡҲû٣ֻԼ棬һ¸ж
Ѧվľûа취סԼļ壬뵽Ǳס֪ǶҫٵôҲá
̫ŮֻЦŷѦ滰˵˼䣬̫ŮϵЦӦġӰʵ̫ǳҰۻǶңŷ壬Ҫ̫ŮһЩٶǿĶࡣ
ֻԶѦȻӣڼҫŮУҲŷ£ȼҲ֮ɢ
Աļ磬Ѧתͷʣҵ˲Σǰɣ
ĵͷǺܿ϶ģΪŷӣΪΪ÷ϵĴȣڵԱְֻᵽ½ҲԳ֮Ϊٳ費ϡ
Ѧᣬ˿֮䣬ѦѡȻ⵽Ѧ˷ԣѦ绹Ӳˡӵǰһ죬ѦŵǸûõˣΪҲЩ
Ѧ˵ʱػҫҪȥƴǱס˵ƺҲûйʲôȵĹʻ
ҺŹһ̣ѦǿãԿ׹Ľ̫Ů̫ŮȴЦ䱣ܼɡ
Ѧȴִⲻӣֱӹ¡ûټǸ⿪ˣνҲһֱִ֪ġ
ʵԿףѦˣҲ¡һϵл׽̫ŮŰԪʵ۵ʥּóǼӹٵʥּѦŮųǹְȴƷѦ˵ĹְҲ
̫ŮҪֻּǽʥּʱѦֶЩˡֻȻϲлּ
ȻѦޣǷĻ˳ọ̈̄ѦּѦȥֱļ磬Ȼˡͦʧģ̫Ůڳ£ֻǰҲһˡ
ӣ𣿡֮ѦͻȻڡǰʱѦûкӲûôҪֻ꣬Ҫӵ뷨ǿҡ
ĵͷסֵãֻҪˡ
ӣҪŮѦٴ˵ţּŮʵ̫ࡣ
Ҳ롣ĵ˵š

 91 

ʮµʱҲ볷ȻȫҲǱҵİģԶҡľٶڳ͢򣬹ȻŷƺЩסټ̫ŮһֱŬ˵£½½ּҸࡣǲ˵ʡһЩŷҲʼҪ
һȻûжǸ൱ܳסˡֳĴ£ҰȲҪġؾ޹һıȻ͢볷ǳס
ŷ볷˳ϣʼҲҪԵôһЩδ볷ļҲҪõĶԴŰ¹Ůģ˵Ҫֳʼҵ
ͫŷֻ֪ûϸϸʹ̫Ů¡ͫҪǺ˰ã屨ϲҲԽԽ࣬ͫοͬʱҲѰùܱһ˶һ£޳ͻ
ͫǴɿóһ߶ˣһûʧϴû¹򣬴ĺ˸ģͣҴḻ́ΣֵصʱǳǺڽﶬ̸еġ
̸еϸһһгӻֻǿﶬಢûпսͷͫЩģﶬûһѪǺ£ĳһ˵ͫҲϣϴ״̬̫ˣĴƬˮûĸ˵ȫصסȥ˺뺣
ͫиŵ뷨һȥﶬ˵ﶬ೹״ͷ󣬷̸̸֮ͫս²ߣ˭˭Ӯ䣬ܹ˫ӮǶ˫õľ档
˵ܽչˣ֪ͫԼ˴󹦡е̾ǹѧĲ½˳ү죬ҲʼʱԪʵн˼дλѷͫе˵¡ֻǺܲɵĵԪʵּŰʱ򣬷ͫź˵Ĳ¡
Ȩأ̫Ůǻ϶ǳͷʹʱѧĲҲֲͫǷͫףֻҪ÷ͫѡͫԸѡѧĲ¡ѧҲãҲöǴĴ£˽˵ѧáŮԳ£ŮȨǱȻܹǰ£Ҳ¡
ͫе֣ΪʲôĲ½үǵճŮ̫Ůϵ׵ûͬʱҲʷ뻻̫Ů뷨ʵǵһѡ
Ȼûκ֤֤ǣһճŮ漣ͫʵںʷһŮϻλԷԸǵܻʵҲǲʸģڷ漻᲻αװô꣬Ȼû֤磬ܾͫò̫ܡ
ʱ򣬾ͰѹѧҪĲ½ͫʵе벻סȻ˵߸ŮܳеµĲ࣬Ǹ˲ţ˵û⣬ǻʼҰȿٿ
ͫʼ²Ԫʵ۲ǴѳˣԽѰĲܵĽԽ󣬵ǰ״пܷдѧݰճҲֻǸŴӡ
ֻԪʵ⣬ͫ־ԪʵеͿˡүھ󣬵Ĺ治١ЩΪҲһûоǹԽԽ˽Ԫʵۺ̫Ů֪ܲĻ˵һ͡
ڷͫһϵеĲ²УѧʼеӡʽеģھԱߵֱݽеġѧУصѡʦѰңѧĻҪŽ̲ѡȫǷһֲٰġ
̫Ůȥ޺áȴǻصѧΪ£һʱῴҲνˣҪûҪܿǹڽ̲ѡ棬Ȼ˽ӿԵοؾѧ̳ѧԵΪĿġҪĽڵĻйڻΪٴ£иŵĻҪ̳ڡЩеʵԶ˵ûͿʲô
̫ŮҲȥԪʵۺԪʵֱּ˷Ĳ£רŸѧ
ӵʥּʱʲô飬֪ͫǷͫıеˡ֮ƹܹԱľ־°ѷĲˣȨȫˡ
ѧĲ¾ǷԼ˵ģûмʱǿʲô͵ġֻǼƼȻλˣʱʰһүƷѲ˶ٹһС
˷Ȩޱѹ⣬ҲǣԷҲ˵ϱѹơʷʱԼŮ൱ģȻҲв׻еǳʲô鷳Ҳܻ̫Ůš
ڶԷԵñȽϸ񣬾ǷСҲշ󣬾ڼұŷʡҲʲôֵ¡ʱ̫Ůѷ漽еԹ̣ܽƺԼеϸ񣬲ԷڵԼ˵ͫǷ̡ܽ
ڻʼҪ²У˵ÿŮνֻһûж֪ôȥŪûС
үүīҴҵ˹˼֮⣬ԵһݾϲʵֻīСͨһֱӽзǶ֪ӦǷʲôҪˡ
ôˣͫæš
īȴһϲĵϲ˵ˡ
ͫһ£ʵ˵ѦûˣôûϢͻȻһ
ī˫ְӷϣЦոģүĿ
ͫҲûֻǷŵһߣ鲻Ūġһʲô£ȢСɾСɾŮ֣֮ҪǸʦӵġĳĶѦǷǳ˵ģô֣µķӸˡ
ͫЦŵ񣬶ȥ

 92 

ͫ˵ȥ˵Լīһȥһģ˺֮⣬ҪУͫԼûҪӵĴ㣬СĶʵûʲô׼ʱҪʲô֪
ǺīĶī֪ҲⱲûкˣѦкӾԵرˡ
ҲмָˣҲľ⣬īڶС˵ϲ軧Ǳ߰һСѧȥ飬ȥר¶ĴԺȥʱһǴ졣
ʵһֱīеϣͫкӣԸ񲻴ܻԸиӵĻᡣҵѪͳݻǾԲӡ
ֻǵȷͫһ˵ʱ򣬷ȴҪѦԪʵ۽ӵϢ֮й÷ĴѦȥ
֪ͫĲʱ˵ȻأʱٹȴҲþûˣȻôɣǾһȥĸϡ
ҲáͫЦŴӦһֱͫûʲôԲԪʵģȻûʲô£ĹȥմմϲƺҲͦġ
ֻǷͫ߸մӦȴͻȻ˺īī̫ˣûټǽùġīƺҲʶһ㣬뿪˵ԼȻȥ
ֵ˸һȥˣϲ£һ֡
īԵЩΪСɾټýǹءͫīЦ㶼˵ˣһȥǡƹãû⡣
īæѴĺֽѦѦЦĽӹˡ
īֻЦиĹȻ㡣
Ѧȴֻ̾е㲻ʲôиڶЩδǰӣʱֻҪĿȢǾĸ뻹Ǻɵ
ֻҪŮװųʱֵ۽ϣһ
ͫЩ죬һֱδ޸ĺҪ˰ѷ۴ȥͶе㲻ˡ
̾۲СˣԼȥûпеҾŴĸϿоָ顣
һṦͼŮһԸķ۹ֻһֵĵҸŽʲô
һĵĻ¸öˡ
Ҷʮһ㶼ż˵ţɫԵ÷ǳơȻʮͿԳɻˣһ㵽ʮ궼⡣ʵе㲻ףΪʲô¡
ֱӵϳ
ۿĲԸ⣬ֻǷĵľûܷԵˣһ᷽û취ֻܶϳ
СĵķѦϳʵҪĸʵڲˣѦڡϲʱҽ˵ҪСıУѦҲˣһҪע⡣
һ˳ī̷ŷͫϳֻǷͫɫЩǷͫģһأȫû˸ղŵĻϲ
ڵ꣬ôҪ˼ʵе֣ȫ˷۵ԸԻʵָʽǿа޳ȥʵڲϷһ·
ͫЩ벻͸ĵ⣬ҪǾΣԺ۵ۣľ;ԲѦӡ˵۵ĳãţĸ˫ĸ׷ĴŸۣھǷǳۡǰģҪָķʽԺ޼ҵĵλҲûļ˼Ҹ
ΪЩ벻͸ͫԾÿһֱﶼߵνıݡȻԴǴ¼֮˵ĻЩˣǵڵʱ򣬷ͫЩ벻׵ĵطʶҲܰ
ϷۣͫﲢûбֻܿҲûشֻǵô˵֪𣿡
ͫ¶һʧûõ𰸣ǶĿǰϵһСλҲӿʼһ𣬶޹ظġͬ߼꣬ԽԽϤֻȴԽϤԽ¡
֪ʲôҪʲô֪ʲôͫûдŮ嵽һҪѷƿصһҪȷ˻᲻ᱳԼĹң᲻ҪԼҪ㶼ȷˣôҪľǷš
֮ûΪͷͷ˯ǽǻԽԽ١
ߵһ֮ͫ⣬˻ʼҾͲҪȥ飬κһ鶼Ҫȥ롣Ӻܶǰֻ֪ͫһͨүȨ׼ȥȨ׼顣һͨүҪǱҪġ
Ȼǲ⣬ͫǾЩģһ̫ã˵Ļ̫ãϻʱּ̫࣬ڵĲͻð
λĳڹǰͣǬֹԪʵϴֱӻѦĹݡ˵ǷѦɻԪʵ۶ѦΨһһغɫѦ߽¡
ҿŮҽô˵Ԫʵһ˵˵š
ЦŻصһ£ҽﲻ
ԪʵȴͻȻ̾Ѧһǿĺӳ
ĸϡȱɫǷģǲʤ죬ԪʵȷʵǴ޼ƽĽܡ߸Ůĸֻĸ
Ԫʵۻӻ֣ƺڵĸ˶濪⿴ͫͫҲˡ
ͫЦŵǽӵӾȥû뵽ĸȴý˵Ȼϲ£ǾͶ֡
ԪʵҲЦԾǿͫߵ뺫īŵǰϲҪ֡˵ͫҲСˣôҲûӣоռŮร
ͫЦŮร⻰ҲƽͷգڻʼҡԷͫЩľǲҪŮĺáͫȴЦŻصһֱأ̫࣬Ҳʵڳ鲻ʱ
Ԫʵڻ˵Ҳһ䣬Ԫʵÿ괺ڼʱһѦ£ܻﰵＸѦ²̨Ȼֻ¡֪ͫûкӣԪʵ۸Ͳȥʣֻһ䣬Ҳ˵ˣԪʵ֪۾ˣҲ鷳
ȻԪʵҲֻӦһ˵˾Ҳûˡ
˽Ҳɣֵзʱ䣬Ԫʵ۱ҲѦһԳԷڷͫҲ͸ɴһ
ͰԪʵ´ʱ򶼷ǳ١ֻǵϯʱԪʵ۲⵽ߵķۡԪʵ۶ھ֪Ĳ࣬Ȼ۽ŵʱҲŰˣһֱŵ棬ΪǷͫյСɾҲû¡ֻڷߣԪʵ۲ʣ˭Һӣ
ǵҶʦ󽫾Ķӷۡ˵ţһֱԪʵûʣҲû취ᣬɵԪʵ˵ˣĽֵʦиңһֱս⣬ʵиʦҲ˳ɻ䣬Žյϲ¾˳ŴĸϿ˳ָ˼ҡ

 93 

Ԫʵ˭࿴˼ۣܿĺӣȻһֱͷĿⲢԵýšһԪʵ۲ЦŵǸúӣļСֻܸ˵ˣ׼⡣
˺죬ƺҲ˵ʲôֻǲڣľ͵ǾȫˣŴĸϡ
Ԫʵһ£ġ
ֵ̾ҵıҲѡҲУҲУҾʡĹԱһʵġһĸָ飬ȻԻӵݷޣ޼֮󣬲Ϊ޷۸
һϯ꣬ԪʵɫֻǿġͫľǳĻͿˡ
Ȳ˵Ǵûкõģֻ˵ھĴٹ˿ܿˣʵôġ÷УʡҲǿŻȻ󼸾;˵Ʒ֤ôġ
÷۳޴ӷ򣬷ۼ޵ʡ֮ٻؾ治ˡԻӵݷ޸˷޼㹻ʱȷԺ״
İŷʽ˵ڸ˵Ҫͳ·֮ءֻڵİνڳõʱڣʹʧȥԪʵԴɽֽ̫ͦŮоҲܿ϶̫Ůǻⲻ
ֻʱŰѷ͵ʡȥǾͱʾԼĽǰǺܿáԾͳԪʵۻڵʱٰѴ˰ˣԺԼΣܱסۣҲʦС
Ԫʵ۵ɫǲÿŷĵɫдһĨˡŮһֱﳤģִʮȻ׻ްպĵʶﻹϣʹ֮ȻֻܹûĶڰԺˡ
Ŀĸ׵ɫͷЦֻǾĸѡܺЩ
ԪʵָҲãԻݷҲãֻһ仰顣̫ŮǻЩͷǳˡ
ԪʵۼĬһЦȳ˷һ
лĸϡЦ˵š
һܰǷȴһֱŸѦвˣʱ᳢һζ֮ټиѦͫͦοΪҪֻȢѦһŸԪʵʱ£һԼһݸȷʵ̫ѵˡ
йǰ£׷Ԫʵ۵£Ԫʵ漴ԸйʡһЩ廹йԱùԪʵ۴׷ĵ˼һǮݸߣȴûڳΪ٣ҵȷҪ񡣵ȻƷò֮ҲҪء
Ԫʵ۵йһһͫöûٸоؾǲǴٹ˵ļӪʡһЩʵûϹ
ҪҪðڼСгͫͻȻ˵ʮһʵҲҪʮˣһָˡ
ȻڻʷĴɥУǰǰһЩĲȻҲġ߾˼ңָ˻飬Ҳϡ
ԪʵƺôһӣһֱԻǶôģָ֮ȫǻʷһ֮ҪǷͫǲˡȻԪʵˣǸԼĺָ鵽ױȶԷҪһЩæйѾһЩСҲ˹
ֻԱŵķ۵ԽԽƣ˵ԱŴԺ޼Ҳ˼ֻǸŭڷָ飬һֱ۵˼벢棬Ҳķָ鷽ʽ
ҲΪѦһʱ̫ӰԵʣһֱİеѦͷģȻأȻѦϸŷĵģսҸġֻǿȥķʽǷۼ䲻Ըġ
ϸķͫе㿴۵˼ֻʱﻹȥЩֻͫЦ޼ңҲ֣ҿйŵʮʵ档
ԪʵҲйԸͷӵʮһӹɡ
ǡйȻǵͷһǳԸģҲԼûԵɣڻϸû˵Ȩ
һԸĳǬֹţＸ۵˾Ķڷ۵鶼ûϡЩŬԷۺãչ˶ʦΨһѪΣҲǾпܵĸõģֻܸҲЩ
۵ҷͫЩʡĹȰѻ͹ѡ֮˹ѡȻѡķΧ󣬵Ǿ˷۵ɡ
ϣ̫ŮйŻš
Ԫʵһ£һ˿Ϊѡѡ޼ҵ̫Ů֪Ƿϣȷѡ̫֮Ů֪̫ŮˣЦƵҲᷢһĲϣ̫ŮڵеĻ
ǽɡԪʵ˵š
һͼ̫ŮһţԪʵȻͫҲѸ̫Ů̫ŮЦ˵Ѧû¾Ѹס
£Ԫʵ۲̫Ůȿڣȵôʱˣ
̫ŮһϲɫУشĸϱϲ
˶һ㶣ȻһϲɫԪʵ۶ԴҲǷǳˡ̫Ůһֱȥʵ̫͡ϲ̫Ů˵νϲ£ҪһٵŮƾδ̫ŮˡҲΪϲʵ¹ش̫ŮԪʵ۱ϲ
ҷϻ˫ϲŰԪʵЦţ漴Ըй͡Ѧззݲ˵Źһֱͷﶼһݴ
Ҳ໥ϲһᣬõķͫҲȡЦһ¡˵ЦŷۼĿԪʵԱߵᵥӣԪʵЦʮһʵָܵ䣬ĶͫˣͲııļҹӺʡ
Ԫʵһ˵ƺҲеȻŮӵݲһز˵ճӵǾˡȻҪǸݸ߹󣬱ȽܳͲͬˣԪʵ׵ʮһӺֻǹʵ̫ŮĵװҲǳ¡
̫ŮѡУٶȾͿˡ̫ŮڴٹŮڲصԪʵۻҪ˽⣬ֻһṦ̫Ůг˺öѡŵܲߣ;ܲŮ
Ԫʵ۶гҲۣѡĸã̫ŮͻȻĸϣͻȻһֻǡ
ֻ˵Ԫʵۿ
塣
ֳڣ˶һ㶡ڻʵ˵һȫ۵ĻӼ޸һȻҲǿصǳʮһӴĶ࣬Ůˡ
ڴдװףȢΪշ򣬵շȢΪȻʮһӼĸĳ̶ȣǵǻӣ޸һߣ䲻ʣҼ޹ȥǵĻʧʼݵġ
̫ŮƽֳĸЩ鲻֪ܲЩ͸Եþˡ
ԪʵɫЩˣ̫ŮæЦʵֻǶһ뷨˰캣˵Ĳ£⼸ΪݱҴ£Ľ֮ǴأҪǳܰѴ˲õ׵νΪҴ湦Ȼ湦ԳڵĹְݲڹְϴ͡ԶùְϲܴͣͲһͣҲǶԵ湦ġ
Ԫʵһ£˵ʮһӵĻѹ󣬵ȳ彻֮ٶᡣ
ǡ̫ŮӦš
ͫȴͷɨһ̫Ů̫ŮǴгˣǺСĵáĺ˲Ҫǰˣ̫Ů˵ʲôȺҲηͳ塣ǾĿǰŮŮȨŷսҵʱͻȻõŮǺ׾ͱݺȻѸġ
Ҫ̫Ů˴󹦵ĳȫûбʾôڳŮǿžͻǳġؾĴ󹦶ͣԺ󻹻ǹŮ¡
̫ŮҪŮǸʱԲŮʿ䣬һֱŮǹٹǻõͼƴǰ壬̫ŮⳡȨռϷ硣
Ӻ۵ķ̫Ůղ˵ĵȳ湦󣬰ѻƸļ޸ʵ˵ǴȢ˻ӵǳӴļױ֮⣬ϲûжǰ;˵һڳҫġ
νȴǷǳжϵһһλӺĳְ˼˼һ£ȫԸһвšؾˣ˭Ҳû취Թ
ˣʱ˻ȨģƸȢӵΪȴܼĴ̼ŮǷܵľͷİ˵ȫ

 94 

س׵ʱ򣬺ģͲ˵ڽµĹϵ嶼ĲʤĻع飬̫ŮֱӳӭĴֻаܹʤ忭ʱ
ʱԪʵȫԲڴѵʱ٣̫ŮȻûϻλҵʵʾߡԭڣ̫Ůεӭ͸Ե¡ء
ͫȻҲȥˣؾ˵Ĳǹµģٵġֻ̫ŮдʽԳеĶݶĨˣƸûԳǵľټ֮ͫﲻܲʧʹûȫϣܼס˴εı֮
ǳس̫Ů԰磬û̸£̫Ůֻǽζ彲һ·ķ飬оǳ弸ڽµ¡Աķͫһ˷ܵţͺûȥƵġ
ƹѲ̫Ůڽ⣬ûκ˿ڵأֱָ顣ҲرˣڻڻʷɥڣԺ飬ǻǶˡ
ķӦȫɵۣлԱѵġֻǿȫǾϲɫֻҲָ֪ûʸܾģֻǹл
ֻǴ»Ԫʵ۵ʱԪʵȴͻȻ̾ĵ޼ûʱˣʮһ޶ŮΨһһûɼҵģȻʷɥв˼Ȣ޻Լ˵ʱܿеĶŮɼҡڲҪϣӣٰˡ
Ԫʵ۷˳ӷǳڰºѸæµҺûڻʷɥУ⣬Ȼ񲿾æ˹Ҳ׼ûӵĻ¡
漴Ԫʵۻһ԰͸ʮһӣֻǺųҾҲǳƶΪٽ겻ȴӶûֻ˼ԺסļҾҪǻʼҲͣʱҪЦġ̫ŮҲæ˰԰һ£ʰȻмˡ
ͫľ˷ݺ񣬷ͫڹг⣬֪ﻹôһӴޡ֪֪ɶ治ǵˡǵ׹⣬ֻԿ͹˵ʮһӼ޸еˡͫҲˣͺһ㣬ҲһСɡ
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ǣʮһӽǬֹߵʱǷͫԪʵ۶ûӡʮһӡһʮ֮ҪӷŵģݻӵҲּȣȫƺǾͱʾĳʵڵ͵ٵͣ䵽䡣
ԪʵҲЩڶӵĲƽһӳ޺ٻķ⻧Ԫʵ۸ߵճˮƽٻʮһæлֻǷͫȴע⵽ʮһӽſʼɫ͵ģϲҲǣֹǾԵ壬ֻûжʱӦеϲá
ͫﲻ̾ЩڹУȫ۵ĻӦ˲ٵĶĳɻҲΪ̫Ůίļˡת룬ʼҵĻĸܼ޵˳⣬ʼҴûԭĻ
ҪϯʱԪʵڷĵ£ָָ˻顣ֱݱϵĶӣǷǧ˽һѡġƷòƷԿҾܲϼΪ٣壬Ҳڷܺѧһĸ˫ۼ޹ȥܳ
ȻδԪʵȴȺ潻̫ŮҪԻӵݷޣǵۻʱڡĽˣ̫ŮԺҲҪհ졣
̫ŮһһӦֻʱȴһ۷ġŸָǷ͸ĸ˵õģѡԼѡġС·Ĳ̫Լھе߾ȻûеõϢǾͱʾǴȫ
ԭʲôԶȻ¿ʼûԺҪ˭Ҳû뵽ĻôͿʼ
һһ죬ͫص;еۡʵ볯·æֻǲμӻҪæܶ࣬ҲǾۡҵĻϲ죬ֻǿȴˡ
үǸĵˡͻȻڣֵؾҪүʮһҲͻᱻڹĽҪڻҪĶ࣬Ҽ޸´˻Ĳ
̧ͫͷҪеﾹȻ˵ЩڰοĻȷʵмָˣЦʮһӼ޵ĺܺã
ͷֵʵһǶ룬ʮһڹô´ǸʵˣٷŶĻӻ۰ġڻʼңҪʲôѣҸԼѣ;ʮһӼ޵Ĳ
Ҳеͫ˵š
ֵ񰲹Ϊһûͼ󸻴ֻһƽƽѵ𡣡
ͫȴ̾ƽʢֲս˻ʼֻƽƽѵˡ
￴һۣȴͻȻС̶ˮʳǧģɣתһ顣
ͫŵģˮȴûãֻеԻĿ˼սܾˣ֪תǴӺζ
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Цſûһһ

 95 

һ׾ӻ֮ΪŮ͵ŮȥЩǺںԵȥ˸ƽѦƽƽºӡ
ǾνԪʵ۾úνйҪȥŮŮֻŮɽϣѦ˵һ̫࣬ЩԥҪҪȥѦȴΥ˵ԸԪʵۼûʱգТѦ뾡
ֻѦͲˣѦֵ仳же㳬꣬һҽʼţԪʵ۾÷Ȼظȥ
ֻչٴ빬ݣҪԪʵ۲أȫԵ״̬ҩιȥȫ˲ѦֻרǬ̷ֹԪʵۡǷͫúܲģúīסȴѦҪʲôرܴܲŷľͲŷġ
³̧ͷϷͫδƻͼҴҵŵүﴫүٽȥ
ͫ󾪣ǴӴģҲæСѸ̷˴¡ȻʱﻹõȥͫҲûʱʲô
ͫǬֹſʱүҲǸյ̫ŮĹڸһԪʵǰү룬һ޹ߵʱԪʵֻϣȴϵķĵ֣һǿģ̫ŮȴվڴߣһűˣԵü͡
λү°ݼԪʵֻǿһۣȴ˵̫ŮүŮҲǰͫһԪʵֻۣһЩûõĸǵĸϣ
Ԫʵۿżү˵ţǡܺá
ֻλȴе廰˼ֻѸٹ
Ǭֹйȴ̫ŮүҲˡ
̫ŮԸš
ͫɨһۣʹԪʵ۵ǬֹҲ̫Ů֣ȻǬֹйֻλйȻλй̫ŮҲԪʵ۵ĲһˣǬֹйҪǲԪʵۼݱʧƣѰҲ̫Ůǻÿ˶ܿĳġ
ǬֹվŵйȫˣĸҲοĸûб
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ǡ
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ƺȺڵߵ֮Ԫʵֶһ£̫Ů˸ɫ̫Ů򵽴ǰԪʵֲָ̫ŮۣڴϢŵ޴λ̫Ů
ôһ˲䣬ͫڷһ˿ǳԵķοֻǼ̫ŮԭĬȻˡ
Ԫʵ˵䣬ǲû̫ӦؾһֱλĹûж飬ڸлʵǰλǾǸǰ϶ֻʱԲߵ¾ʱԪʵۻûжȴǽץסĵ֣ĵźĵ޻ûܿĺӳ
ĸϡĿ޳ֱӹТ
Ԫʵֻǰ֣ƺ˵ʲôȴֻŷĵֻ֡ĿŴһĸϡ
Ǭֹ£үҶʼᣬɥԪʵۼݱ
һȫ񣬴Ԫʵ۵һηʼͼ׼ٺʱ񲿸ȫ׼׵ʦŴǼѸٻТ̫ŮԪʵ۱һ̼Ϊ¾го񣬲Իϳ֮
ȫڹ飬޻Ǽٿ޶ʹһƬͫȴСĵĵ˿ǲȷǾԵġ
ͫԪʵһ̣˵ȴû˵Ĺһ֮Ļֻ߲Ȼʵ۵گ»ʵ۹Ҳֻܿءһæûϣ鷳Ͳˡ
һֱеķҲʶͫߣֻʶĽסͫĸ첲ʱֻץסʲôͫС㡭
Ļͫ˵ĸףû취˵ڰΪҲĸףֻġ
﹬̫Ů˻ʵ۴ɥ֮⣬һҪʽ»ʵǻǰ׼ˣ»ʵǻ׼ǰģ»ʴôҲûĸԱȥʡ̫ŮǽԪʵһջڣȥ
ԪʵϹʱоҲҪʼɥ̫ŮּУɡȴˣΪԪʵȥ֮µȷϣҲҪʼ
չ棬ʷ̫򣬰ȰľӷΪ̫Ҳһ롣ʵŮĶŮһסܹȻʶŮһɷŸж£δܹҵĹȫΪйڹ
ֻһϵежҪµ˴ȵµһºǻ֮ʱҲҪȫ롣һϵеĻҲ糯ϵԣȴҲǺ鷳£Ҳ˲ˡ
ֻǾǽɥʱͻȻټǣȻ˵δؾ̫ŮҶд񲻺ʣλֻܿ˰
ȴһΪѵģƺҪ밲ӣŵü˸վסǰ
Цʵλǣڹ̫࣬ҸĲٰʱֻȴԾǰæ
ɵˣ󹬵ʲôʱֵЩǲֵģȻ֪УĲ̫ϲ̨棬ЩǸûɲ֡
ٴǿ֣Ҳ֪ʵ̫ǿѣ˵ҵҲʵûʸ˵ֻ
⻰͸ˣӽſʼһֱͷôҲôҲ˵ÿνˣҪܰԼԸ⡣
ֻһ̧ͷһüйĻصأֻϵǻ֮ΪʵơȻǺ֮˲ò֣ΪҲǳӷڵʵС
һ˵мϲɫֻûڣֵĽμҼϣ֪ʱӦܰæ
˵תͷĽЦŵҪУҲֻд˲š
仰˵ˣĽȻԺӶʨ֮𾩳ǣ۲ȷʵЩǺܳɫһֻľ֪һ
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Ľ岻Цǿ£ֻ³ţүɢү֮Ҫǽ°ﲻҲҪЦˡ
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Ҳæǰǰ
ﲻһۡ
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Ӧɿ̫ˡ

 96 

Ȼ鶼׵ûүɲ֮ǷͫʱȴûôɣΪҪտŷġǲԲ˯ģȻҲǣֻǷģм־治˵ˡ
ڷϰ֮˵ûʲôˡͫԪʵ۵ȥȻҲģǸıûʲôˡͫڵǵķĵǧˡ
̫ȥǻᣬļˣԪʵȥӦø֮ҺѦУͫԱ߻лԿοο
֪ͫЭ£ͫе⡣̫ŮܣԪʵ۲ҲһˣȻȷʵûôµӣ֪ӦĶԲߡ
ֻΪҲѡȥһʵڲ̫Ůһֱ·񡣲ߵ̶ʱֻǵأȥտһ
ͫҲûʣֻǴȥͣΪϷǳӷڵ£Ȼ˵˼ĵĻ
Ȼͫûʲô⣬Ȼ̶ЩϻҲЩ滰ȥȻڹ￴ңЩǾԲڹ˵
ԪʵǰλĻң󳼶ˣǻҲʼ׼ͫȰοȰοģҲ͹ȥˣֻû죬ԭԱҵͫСȥ
ͫæŵסǬֹԱߵƫֻǼʱһѹԱΧͫ󣬷ע⵽ֱӶΧԼĹԱǵЩԺ
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ʱ߹̾Էͫĸȥ£еǻ£ļǿ̲ݻǡ̫Ծѵǻ½߻ô߻ǧҪƴǡ
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ȴַ߻ÿԺ黹Ҫ߻öġ
ͫĵأΪϷǳ֮ҡ
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ղһʱͫеûӦҪǷ̧ٵʵ̫ߡлʵ񣬵ǻһ˵ǾԴ¡Ƕ»ʵ˵µǻ仹ҪһЩĴ£»ֻύԵĸô󳼵ʱʹʱҪĶࡣؾڻʵ˵ûδ󳼡
ͻȻһ仰һνͫ˵ڻڰʱڣ̧Ƿ޾Ƕ˵һʾͫľĸ
ͫе׷Ĵ㣬ҪǴһʼҪ̧ĳү̧ǿġ
үУãıȨģԸ嶯Щûɹʲô£үtһֱµµΪپǼȨ㳯ҰİԪʵʱûеõõͫ
߱ȽϷͫȻǸõѡĵȨԪʵڵʱ򼺾ﵽ˶壬ִ֮ĻôȨͫȻҲƯĲ£ȨҲãڳҲãϿԺԲơҪǷƵ֮˷ֻ֪֮ͫͫҪȱ
еֻͫͨǹӦʱͫȴǿǻȨʱڣȨǺܺõķֻԺأŷҲ֮󣬷᲻־ȨؾҪˡ
ȻͫҲƵɶǣŷΪҪһΪˣư͵ĹƷҲϡ˲ͫȴƵǰ;˵̫òĻᡣ
ڻʼô꣬ǿ̫̫Ѫȣ̫̫ͨ˼ԿԳ֮Ϊ˹顣ֻ˻ʼңȴŸŵ۸ͷڹ̫꣬ų
ͫҲŪԼǲҲڿȨǷͫȴ֪ԴԪʵʽ볯빤ôʱĺܳʵǧȥ캣ˣﶬһº治
ҲûзĴŮ壬ΪԼƴڶȹԽԽԼӦҪʲôŮҪ޷ҵֻӹӹµµֻ˹ȥʵ̫ӡʹϷƱãڵϦ֮䣬ͫҲȥƴһƴ
ôɵĴӦҪҲǿһ㣬һȨ˵ȻܷŹĻᡣ
³һµ۵ǻšӡ

 97 

ںʱһס ԽԽأÿ֮⣬ʳҲչ˵ģߵСǶԼģʳǸġӻʵȻæÿ컹ǻ
ӻʵ۵ǻһºҲзַ󹬣ҶǾ֮УλķⷨҲϹأ̫Ůȫֱӷʷ򣬵Ů²ֱӷĺӾǹؽȻҪӻʵĺҪŮҲʵѡ
ڹĹȽй﷢дСһɻԭλйĲ˽ӻʵÿʱһЩҪӻʵۡ
챣ʵÿ궼΢Цĵͷˡ
·ڵ¡﹧Ļš
Ȼ»ʼλҪæһӣٶȴºҲദˡˣڵĹ˵һͿˣ޻ʷ򣬹ģһɾͿԹˡ
ȴһֱȵӻʵٴεֻǵ꣬ӻʵȴͻȻЦЩʵ̫鷳׾ˣټʵҲһ²ҲڹдЩʱգ뿪١
΢΢һЦǹ֮£ĻΪϹʵ֮ңԸΪЧȮ֮͡
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ҪһٵŮӻʵ۾Ϳ㹻ɷΪʷŮ̫ŮȫڼҷŻʷںУڻȨļǿʵǸ̫õĿʼȰѹӺϴȻס
һǰʷǰ̫ŮڣȷʵǺܴĴǺŻʷǸԸ⿴ŷҵжưԺ󹬶Ĺ֮Ҳһ֧֣ԹһԸ
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үԵ÷ǳˣǿ׼䣬ڹСŮ˯£ӻʵšѲӻʵ۶ۡ
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Сͫ˵ţˣīһֱѦѦҲˣĶٲ纫īϸ飬ͫҲûúīֻæ
үҲǹæȻ뺫˶ڣƻͽӶĵˣҲΪүǡﵭ˵š
áͫЦŵƻͽԭԪʵ۵ˣԪʵۼݱͫȻһֱʲôʱҸ˿ڷ磬ԸԸЧû뵽ڹææʱܳʱ°ˡ
˵˼׻ڱˣҪע·Ļó˵ʹ˵ԶҪʲô˵ʲô˵ʹڿûڳ
ֻǷͫҪ˵ʱ򣬾ͽӻʵ۵ԭŮҴҵ߹æܣſͣûСͨϣոλСӣƽ

 98 

ŮӣȻ˵ҪŮԵϲЩֻӻʵۻһһ˫ϲšŮ˵֮ӻʵһϲɫĴĻ˵ȵ֪ŮʱҪ˷ܡ
ͫҲ÷иӲȻںܶ˵ӲŮáֻӻʵۼǻǷĵΣȴǸոտʼиӾԱŮǿ
ͫе㾪ȵǣȻӻʵ˵ӸãǷͫĺҪѦͫٻõϢҪǹӻʵ۾Ȼע⵽ѦǾʵںˡ
ȻͬͬͬһԻŮӣݻرģֻǰ¾Ƶʱӻʵȴּӵ¾һ죬ҪȺڷ˵һĶ裬˵Լ˵ס
Ȼƽ񱲷˵̱ףǷڻʼҾо֣֮λŮпܱ̫Ů¡ʹӻʵ۵ǻ֮ñֳһʵ۵ĴȣԪʵʱ購ʱҪܵļӶ̧ٷȴейˡ
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ĺ˵ŮǺλҿ̶ܳȣҲԶˣŮ̫ŮҲȻĲϲµӼ̺ˣְѰĶһ͸Ϊѡ
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ͫϢ֮ȥ˰ʱڹīҲһֱڰѦȻ˵īԻȥͫŻúīŵ㡣һֱѦڴľԲܹܼҵˡҪǺīˣѦҪģ󣬻Ҫౣ
ͫſڵʱС̾ͻر˵үһ𿴺ӣֱӹȥͺˡͫǲ֣ձϵĴֶȻϲʵԴӻʵ۵ǻ֮󣬷ľѦҪΪɣᳯʱ糯ˡ
үˡĺī̧ͷͫš
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īЦǴϲ£Ȼˡ
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ѦֻЦȴһ˵Ļϲ
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ͫŷĵ鷿ֹͫغ÷ţֱӵңΪ񸮴Ϣ
ͫͷĺ̫ŮķҲ֮УǰѽĺȥշҾĲˡ
ǬֹλйҰֻųһӻʵͬġǬֹνǻʵ۵ӣĹµıȻĸеĸͱǰԪʵʱЩйԸȥ乬ҲԸ̷
ӻʵ۵Ҳ˵ǶԴ󳼵̽ΪСŮΪ̫Ů⼺Ǻ󹬼µķΧǱȻġӻʵҲԼ£ԼһֱĸҲʣôһ³еɣǵʲô
Ҫڳ϶Դ˶飬˳ˣȻʹзԵģӻʵ۵ԸҲһܳɣͬʱҲ֪ϵЩ˸
ֻǷĵĶôҲϹϵģҪǷĵŮԴɷ˵ճŮԺлϮĵľλֻǶѹûм̳Ȩ
ĬȻһҵĹλûа취ټˣԾ̧ҵĺӡ
⻰ǺеֻǷͫĻӻʵ۵ʲôӹ߾Ǻ¡ǵģǸҪʱʱСġ
ͣһֵ㲻Ϊҵģзִ硣
ͫȴ֪̾Ҫ˵ʲôãӻʵ۵Ļλܵõô˳й͵ġֹֻǾԲóġֻǵڷͫܲ̾ڵķĺΣգӻʵ۽¶ּ쳭˶ûʲôֵġ
ͻȻֵСŮ̫Ů飬ǧҪðȻӡ
֪ͫ˵ţȻӻʵ۱ģǷͫĶվˣûҪͷ
㻹ҪģǺ˵¡˵ţͣһֵǴĴ£Ϊʲôˡ
ͫЦס
׷ĵ˼ʱóĿϵģ٣һҲġֻǺĳɹˣȴͻȻϽ԰ʮһƸָĶͫЩСݾȫʲôˡ
̾ʲôʱҶϣԴΪء
ҶͫӦš
öĬţͫȴͷϵһЩֽţĶĿƲǺС˱֮鶼ٿѦӣӦúܸɾŶԡ
дʲôͫʡ
ûʲôֻЩԿ壬һЩñľ黹оսص㣬ܽҲõĵĵ˵š
ͫɫȴѿ㣬ڶʼ׼Щ𣿡
ĵĵ׼Ҳûʲôá

 99 

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ӻʵ۴ѼһһһһأͫЩүҲǱȥһһءֻͫǸ˼䣬ǱȨĵĳүǴ֧Ϊ󣬸ǰڼҷ̧ˣûҪʷĳŷңȴһǺ󹬽λű
ӻʵۻ̫ŮʱˣڸŮйʷȻүȻƽĬ˵ǵԵĴ󳼶˵ʲô
ӻʵϸ˰죬ȵĴǶû˵ˣŵү˵Ҳ
ʵ۶˵ˣԵĴ󳼱ڨڨĲ֪ٷӻʵȴʣʲô
ĲòУƺһ²ŻصүĻеԼҷ˵Ǹ÷
ӻʵ¶һ˿΢ЦҲͬǴ¾ˣѡӣ¾ƹв񡣡
ǡ
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үĽε̬ӻʵӦģǰȻֲ²йȡӻʵ۴֮뷨һֱû֤֤ʹԪʵۻǸ̫ŮӻʵһȨģعǿģҷҲǺѵõ˲šֻӻʵòþҪˣĻλߣҲͿҪôա
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ǰ֪ӻʵ۾Ǹͫͺľʵϸ룬ӻʵ۾ǰ̫ŮʱʲôʲôɵģֻǼʹԼ⣬ΧҲȫȻ̬ܵȡܲ˵ǺܴͣٷͫԼ
¾ȫ񸮲ٰģ˵񸮵ܹܻ̹ȻһʼʱҲģҹСֻСȴ̵˵ڹһЩ
⻰˵ǿ֪ģٴͫʱӻʵ˽飬ȫѹס˹ͫߣӻʵ۸һŴϷͫм顣ֻȴе֣ôܴ
ӵ¾һ죬ͳ˴鷳ĵĶӻһ㣬СŮ治֪ʲôʣûʲôǮټԪʵ͵Ҳ٣ûóĶ
ͫȥ˹һ̾ҡͷİԼһ˳ӽģǼױһ֡ͫӹʱҲǸ⣬ѷļױóԼʵеȴֻЦЦҲû¡
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𡭡æʵܲģһֱ»ŮҪڣ֪ٻˡ
Ԫʵ۴ɥʱӻʵֱӷԸҲҪЭ񡣵ʱȻҲЩϹأԼУΪӻʵΪ롣ֻǺʽʱǸֶĺ
С̻֮ʣ衹Ůйȫ̱УûκµʵûʲôֻС̴ȥûֻͥȫˣػ
С˵˵Ĳ˵Ŀ޹֮ġֻǵˣһ˵еĺܺϹأֻȴ˵һСҲʲôƣӻʵжʱ䣬ļʽһ㶼ӻʵۡ
ӻʵ۹µʱӻʵȴ޽󹬵ͱˡ
أ˼ȴף֮ȫ̶֪ԸĴܶҪš
ȴȻһĵ꣬ջظ
ЦŵҼ֪빬ʱ䣬̫鷳ˡ
·֮£̫Ȼһ˵š
ȴǽе㲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôãʵıһԼл⡣ҪʲôҪĶŰ飬Կ˵ֻֿ׻÷ˣڵɫһ仰Ҳ˵
ƫȫĶʰ𣿡
ʰ׵糿ſ˼Ҫظš
ô
뿪жգҲүȥүһڸ̫ãʵڹ˵š
Ҳǣڹаæ̫ʱˡڨڨЦʵҲֻЪţͿСŮ
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 100 

ĶӵͫǱݣһ¾ʱ¼ڰ񵥣һݾԼ͹ȥġһȥ͸ôϵģֻȥ̫ߵҲ̫æֶͫһˣû뵽˹ȥӾȻš
Ѧͷź棬ѦЦ÷ֻͫͫǿһۣǶСʵڲұҲֻЦЦе̾ĵǰûãСһӶһˡ
ֻͫЦЦȻڻ޷ᣬе⡣
ֵʵҲҪˡ
硣ͫ˵ţȻָȫǳ˵ΣֻҪӻ治ѡֻǷͫû뷨ǷҲʮʱôԼŶʮ꣬ϷƸʱиδغá
Ѧֻǿͫһֹģ
ͫʷģ㣬ӽʲô
ƽзƽ˵ţֵҾԺƽƽٻһΣƽǸ
Ǻ֡ͫ˵ţڻʼƽƽĲ̫ס
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īߵʱ򣬷ҲûСԵõ˺īһֻ˵ǵС˼īգͫȴЦúī
Ȼչغīǲܸͫͬһ˷ͫҲͲ뽫ˡٱСθ̫鷳ģɴһгȥ
ʱ鷳ˡͫԺī˵š
ǶѣлչҲܸˡīһϲ˵ţֵչСĺܿġ
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īȴǵͷһСʵҵݲ˵ֻֻҲͬ뷨үǸҪˡ
ֻͫǿīе̾ĵ㿴𣿡
ī˵
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īٳ
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µ۵ǻѪ»ôסȥﵭ˵ţֵү˵ʲôֿʼ֮˰ɡ
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лү¡˵ţƺҲеˣԺīʰŵ鷳ˣȥ˯һ¡
ǡīæӦš
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ʱ享īڰܺܺãһҸջְԼӹ񽻸īīûñ˶֣ȫԶֲ֣Сֲ˿Ķ
ֻǵϷͫ˯ʱȴڳԶԶһоΪһȫǣֻصȴǷǳ򵥵һЩġ
ͫȴûſʷͫûȤԣֳֻȻСǶȥ
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һỹҪ˯Զ´ʳЦŵ
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ͫɫֻǵǸϰ£
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Цүһֱ˵ܸϷǳӵĸ𣿡
ֻͫǿȴ˵һʼ֪ƿزӻʵ۵ǻ֮ʵڿʲô¡
һֱ;ȻûоľæΪӻʵΪ벻ܵõʲôٷ󣬲ԼӣһԶĻô
үǲҪ̫ˡЦŵֵ֪үǰʱһЩ飬һҵĻʵ۾ԻΪԼĹ룬ǲΪԼĹҲΪԼ룬Ϊϰ£үӦøĲŶԡ

 101 

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һֱŵػص֮иߡ£ֹͬ书ͫͻȻиɻһﵽ֮ģԭġżʱҵôһ˲ʵ̫ס
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ͫΪ˼̫˯ţû뵽ѹһȦ֮ȻҲԺ˯ˡֻ˯ŵʱ򣬷ͫ;˴Ӵ۾Ȼڻҹ¡ע⵽ͫ΢Цŵүˣ汧Ǹ
Ѫζͫ˵ţѪζ̫Уϵζ̫ء
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ֻʱ仹̫磬īûͫ٣æҴҹͫȴ극ڻϳȥīֱӷԸʲôһެϸϸ˵Ҫ취õ˽ȥõƣ˳ȥһ¸һʦǲǳƣȷ̻رҡ
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Ŀǰ۽ϻǳʵģһӻʵҲһӻʵ۲ܣΪ¾ʱһֱڸһȺ˵̫ʵˡԵʱŵҪǳƣȻͳɳΪҪɶ
ͫ˳ûȥᳵȥ˰ĸٲ糯Ҳһ죬ֻǿͫʱԵЩȡ
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ɫȻĵˣ۳ôϴף˵ʼûϵӵĶš˭ֲҪ˵ΪϵĻܰô
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ͫ˵ŵһ㶼ﶯ֣
ĵ˵ţûʲôģ־ôƽ뵽ĵһ֣Ҫһֱûжɳ̿ͣǲݾߣڼȻ˵ȻҪһɱ

ôˣĿŷͫе㲻Ծ
ûֻǾáԼǴе鶼֪ġͫ˵ţֵﶬҲؽҲ֪ˡ
Ҳǲµģûҵ֤硣˵ţֵȥ̻ʳʥƲӣȻҲǷǳ
ͫĬʱֵĺȷʵֽֽǿ
ȴ̧ͷͫЩȵĵҵǲףڽʥ֪ģΪʲôַӦѵ㻹ڼʶʶĵһŮͺĹһӣ

ɵˣҪ뷨ǽ̻ʳĻӣԼúõĹӣΪȨʧ޸㡣Ҫǰ̫棬̫ɵ̫ɵˡĿŷͫ̾˵ţֵķû˵ǻʼҾͷ޹ϵΪǣŵҲ
ʧˡͫ˵š
šĽӿ˵ţֵֻҪžͱʾҰĲûȫʧȫһ˵Ұֻɱּ򵥵ĵӦá

֪ĸϻʱ͸˵ܶΣλĵ·ûѣʹлһ˲Ϊλֻһͣһֵ֮·Ҽжˣǵ缺ǧ꺮ǲҪҲҪ˵İֻҪܱ˵ĤݾͿԡνߴʤ֮Ļֻ˶ڸߴ羰ߴķ羰жֻվߵλ֪

 102 

ҵĴýǺīδ֮ǰúѵȥһ˶ףڼ֮޼ҸûнҵݡֻǿͫԸ麫īҲ֪ҪΪѣīҲǲС
ެѽ˴ţīܵ˵ĵΣָ֮д˾˲ζҲ緹ͳԲȥīֱ˱ΣԵҺšȻ˸ҵŷܲͨһһСɾֻǱ֣˼׸ûᡣ
һֱصҲûʲôϢСȰ˲ȻظһϢٴڹˡ
īҡҡͷŷ壬ֻԶȲϢߵҲŵܲСӵС̣ܲܿķҽȥǽȥҲܴһЩϢ
СٲҿһֱʱīȻţСǵˣǲظȥ
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ٵһҲҪȥȥī̾˵ţ춼ˣٵȥСҲٳţֻһᡣ
һСŸ߿īüչʱһŮӾȵӣ
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⼸ɺãš
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ƵЦЦȴһۺī̾ʵҲûʲôϲġ
ī֪˵ʲôֻǾųǰߡ
ҵӣټھеݣסһӲͬģסԺƫ¥ͻȻȥҶʱûĹǣֻȨҵԺҳһţīŽȥͼɫҴңƺ
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ҪҩīԵе㾪ȣôڹˣڶˣīе
ī֪ҪôͣƵһֱſվţһˣҲ֪˶á
Լҵʵ̫ˡ漴ԸԼߵС̣ǴȥۺʱīҪҪͨ
ô飬ﻹܼǵЩī˵ţʣƵΣ
ˡ̾˵š
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ȴһ⣬īǲ֪ôںãԼ׽ɱˣ뿪ɶûȥøǺ
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캫īôСʹԼЩҲǲ˵ġ
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һӻʵۣһҪ̫ίʵѶ֮ڣҪҲֻһӣʲô
үҪҪһܣһЦ˵ţҪֻݷͫΪΪԼھɱ㣬ǿ飬ȴһҪϷ顣
ûʲôñܿġͫ˵ţֶûȫ£֪ҪЩʲô

 104 

ͫȻ˵ûʲôñܿģǲǰʱǱߵĶһɽͷôײϵĻҲǺֻܴǷͫû죬͵Ҫ뿪һ£ʱ鷳үˡ
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ڼǰһֱųЭѧǰ״ԪճȴͻȻӣڶѡ˿ȥǰˮƽ߾¼õԭ򡣶Ǹݿʵ¼ȡܱ֤ÿȡͻȻһ¼ȡ߹٣ó˵ʱֲ
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ҼֱݣҶСĶ϶ʣֻһھеԱҶСôչ˭Ҳ֪ǼҹҲգҲǵؼҵĴӡ
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´ʱ۾Ӧ˵ԴԪʵָ֮һֱﲻѦ·ƽʱ˺ȴǱܿ˷ģֻ֮ص
֪ΪԼָܣֻСԣҲû̫¡жҼ޸˼Ժи¸ǷǧѡģԾÿԱһƽˣôҲ벻ȻֳôһЦ
էʱ򣬷˺һŷӦҺôҲǴ˼ңҶС֪ȻʵָĻڣĵһӦ˭ڱȥӷۻʱϣֻ˵ھֻᶪۡҲû취Ѧɴ౧źȥȥۡ
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ͫҲ֪ӻʵæʲôæѡ¡һѡ¶̫ͻʷģֽ̫򣬵ѡʱҲѴȰסļλ̫ʷŲοֽļλ̫µҲ࣬ӻʵƺĴúóʵһº󹬣ٽһ˵Ǵһλܹܵ˺ӡ
ʵ͹ﴫϢʷĸܲģӻʵһа¶衹ЪġڻʷȻǺ£ֻǻʷһҪЭú󹬣費¡
ӻʵۻϰŻʷһЩڵҲмͷǻʷ̫һ˺λ󹬶һңλ֮ݾԲܸߡһѡģӻʵ۷ˡ
ڷͫĵȴӻʵ۾ϸѡԼѡʱ߹ظ漱ͫƻʱӶˤˡֻܵаҷҲԤ˵廹һӲҪֻǷͫô硣
˵ӻʵ۵ǻľԶıлˣӻʵȻǺŷģҪ˵ݣôҲܱȵԪʵۡʱĳǱȻͳ˧ʿͬǽδͬˡ
֪ͫԪʵʱڷĵȨ޷ŵĺܿܿݲҪʲôʲôϾˣӻʵۻôôֻ֪ˡ
Ϣڶ죬ĽʥʥֱּʮպӻʵС
ڶշͫųʱȴˣֻǵ㼺ˣ˭Ҳذɡ
Ҳ𣿡ͫһŭɫ˵š
ǵģү˵⼸ֻСӣ˭ҲŮٴ˵š
ͫ͵һ䣬ֻŷӣĵʲôˣ
ֻǷ˵˲ǲͫڼ˰죬ǰһͫԼû취ȥŽȥԷǽ֮һҪĲУ⼸ﶼһɷǳõĸоȻÿһγͫģһθоá
󣬶ҷǳƾɣӶ˲ࡣҷһ㲻ѣŵƾ֪֮⣬ֻзĵƻš
ͫɣ
ͫտĵʹ˹ͫ⣬ֻѸŽȥտķͼһװԼǹ
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Һܸˡ˵ţһˮ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ͫȴ˵ĻΪԼҲ֪ԼҲҪ˵ʲô
Ҫ˵£һҲӦ֪ġĵ˵ţͣһֵǲͬͬĸĽãǵ¾ߵһλй֮ȥˣ¾㡣
ͫһ£漴иоˣҪһĸϲ˵ĲֻΪʲô˵
Ԫʵ۶ԷͫŮһ֣ʹǴԪʵĻʷļŮҲֻȷͫãȷͫôܻûо
֪֪һȷеʵ㸸ȥ֮ˣҲ֪˵š
ֻͫ̾ʣΪʲô˵
ȻûлشֻͻȻһƱݸͫͫһ£ֻǿƱʱ˴
ֵĸϸҴģЩٺһֱҷšԭȥ֮뿪ǾͿЩӹŸ˵֪ĲңڻھС
㡭
ҸǮչѦǸӵģƽкӦòῴе·̫࣬Ҳ̫ҪӦңʲô仯һҪ֤Ǹƽļ˵š
㡭ֱͫ˳ȴԾ
ڿۿͫɫȴޱȵʮӾҾսɳΪĴ㡣սģЩǸ׼ˡ
˵ʵ㵽ôģͫһ߿һʡ
ʲôû룬ֻ֪һҪ֮ڲҷҴ߾ģȫںˡĵ˵ţֵҲһ䣬⣬ڡֻ̫ĽΪ⻰ҵĶʦһһγ֮ǰ˵ĺףԸսɳҲҪʦس֮󱻵ͽһʣٻ

 108 

ĳǸ죬Ϸһֱڴǰӻʵּӷ֮ӷƽΪ׻ӡνĶͣƺֻлʷճĻӲ٣⻧ҲһĻӶһֹ
ʱƽķţ簲ο֮ǿ֪ģֻǷѦȻһƽָʥּ빬лûȥ
ӻʵһװԴڻʳֻͣǷΪ֮ӻʵ˵ƽ֮˾Ҳû˵ӻʵ۸˵һЩʿĻû˵ֻĿŷġ
ֱӻʵߵйѣϣʱˣ󽫾Ҫ·ˡ
ӻʵеȻĵҲǣ˹ӻʵۻ˰׼õľƶͬʱϵľƱӻʵȻмٵĿŷģҪƽ
ֻǰѱоһ漴ְѾƱźá
ӻʵ¡
תӣǹ߾٣ֻʿĸߺʤ𡣶վΧźеѦֻ˵ǿţǲٿ
˵ӱ߹ظ漱һѦľͺ񼺾ŵ͹ļ尾ţսɳĪЦս˻ءĿʼľһŮˣһֱΪܸΪƽĽܣһų޾ͲܻӣıһӢۡ
ֻ浽ʱѦֻǾԼĳУһֱڴŲҪ߲ҪߣֻʲôֻǱԼӾվſŷġ
ӣǹ£ʿǵĸߺҲ漴ֹסˣֻΪǵĹңΪǵҪǸƴɱ󡣴һ۱ض֮ڲҷҴ

ߺٴ𣬷ȴǰǰֻǺͻȻһֱӻʵͻȻǰǳʧǵץסĵȡ
һ£ͣӻʵȴתסĵĸ첲мְĵĶӻܿڽĸףһҪŻ
һ£ĿӻʵۣһӻʵƺʶԼʧ̬ɿġ
Ͱʦ֮󣬹ʹϢ˵ӻʵ۲ˣ˵̫ӭ糯졣ϳʱӻʵ۾ȻǺܺãܶӶ˷ٵ
˳֮ӻʵ۾ͻصǬֹϢʷ鼺ˣ⼸ӻʵ岻һֱԱ̺Ȼ鲻չԼľúܸˣҺ治࣬Ϊӻʵ۶ֵһЩˡ
ҩö˹ˡӻʵ۰˵ţԼԼ֪ԼԴһͿʼ¶·ܲô̼С
ʷмԥ̫ҽ˵
տھͼӻʵۻӻֲ˵ȥʷҲҶԡӻʵȴֵ
Ц߹ȥʱڴϵʱӻʵۻͻȻסȻһԲȴܸܵһů
ҪҪ˰̫ŮЦʣŮΧƸǰ˵㡣
ʵΪʷˣһеһжһڻܸеľҵĻʵȻ۰ʹ󹬼ܶ࣬û
ӻʵȴƺһ£鷴˼ֵãչˣֻҪ޾ͺˡ
鿴еʧȻ΢Цӻʵǰţ⼸ˣҰϴȡ
áӻʵӦһ漴ֳĬˡ
ӻʵܹ׻ʷñ̫Ů˼ֻһһ˵˵ЦЦһֺƽĿֻ֡ȴ޷֪ƽʽĿڻʼǶô󣬸֪һҵĻʵ̫Ů֮䵽״ʲôĳͻӻʵԼǴ̫Ůһλģʵλ֮󣬿̫ŮʱҲĺֻԼĺ
޷ЩΪһʷǼ䲻ʵġӻʵԼϲľֲϸηôˣԼĺҲĸԪʵ۵һۺʧϣ˵Ƿ޲˵ǳС
ϼˣع֮Ҳ˵šҲǺ㣬Ҳ飬硣Թʳ͢£㴷ſš㻶ģֻǺܱݵһΪ˷顣
ǵһأѡŮ£ŪˣϴʱҲ˵ǲǲСӻʵ˰˵䣬ܺáĺܺãӻʵ֪鲻ϸ񣬵ӻʵ۸ΪڶʷϣͿˡ
ҷ̻ϸϢһ°ɡ鿴ӻʵ۵ɫ˵ţ⼸Ԫʵ۶Ъ֪ӻʵۼû˯¹ʹ˯ˣһƺͻᱻξѡ
ҲáӻʵҲЩˣֻǴӷ֪ԼҲ˯ˡ
ûйһ˷ӻʵɵϣǱӵʱϻǿİɣҪ÷Ĳ£ٰŷƽӹûϿ
ƽӻʵֻ֣̾ƽƽǺ֡
鲻֪ҪôӻãȻӻʵû˵֪ӻʵ۾ΪİԵʡŰѺӱûϿҲܺùû뵽ע⵽ӵ֡
Ͱ˵İɣһ˸Ҳܡӻʵ̾˵š

 109 

˹⣬ͫʼӣʵ÷ͫ¹߹صϢҲ֪ӻʵޱӹرߵսÿ춼ϸսĿǰ˵߹ؾƲ̫ţһأμ˼ٴɱɵҲ֪۷ͬСɡ
ĳ֮ʱǱűȥģΪΪһսֻĻԻдĸáսĿʼҲضͼƻõģʽһƬƽʵ̫
үǲҪ̫ĵĺáԱȰξš
ֻͫ̾һǲǾþٵҲ޼룬ԲſרĴ¡
ȴЦҪ˵İΣĳ֮⣬ǻˣҪȻЩʲô⣬ҪⲻǾǻˡ
ֻͫǿһȴûʲôеʱӻʵ۵ıʵ̫ʧȻҲ˵ӻʵϷֻϷݵʵ̫ˣ˵ͫΪӻʵ治ĳ¡
ʵڰǸλϳԼʵۣȻĸ¾ǻݲͻȻȻ˵ţһ۷ͫ˵õԴĻǻ¾Ҳݲ°
ͫûӻȴﻰ˼ĵȨƿ˵Ԫʵ۸ģȵΪŮܵ˵Ķ裬ܲ˵һҪԭҳϣҳϿԪʵ۰ģҲԪʵ۷ֵ̫ŮȨơ
˵Ԫʵ֮ǰ̫Ů밲˵һϸûУƾĴָҾʢ̫Ů밲ϣʵϸ룬涼ûⲻ͵Ĵʵ̫֡
ҲĴԪʵ۾ðˣԼȨƵŮҪҲ̫Ůģĳ̶ֳ˵Ԫʵ۵ĵλΣˡԪʵǰҲãҲã˱ҪǶġֱԪʵ۲Σȷˣ¶̫Ůͼ
˵ǰĴТĸŮǰǾֻǵĸŮǲҲڵλá
ֻǼʹӵйİӻʵ۵ǻ֮ΪжȨؼǻʵͷ󻼣˵Ȩƹصһүһͬӵлλ̳Ȩү
Ԫʵδȥ֮ǰ֮ȻңʱҪҲд⣬Ҳǲܡؾʱӻʵ޾ȨֻǷľܾˣܾͫһʵʵۡлᵱʵ۵ĶƴϸϣɾܾλĹ治ࡣ
ֻǾܾ֮λ¾ڵǻ֮ǰҲǸмλ֮ôĲ˵ҲɱģȨǱȻȻҲһ£ؾֻʣһķžİȫˡֻӢ۵ķľԲĽ֣Լȥ̸ԼսĽȥӢۣҲͳʮսɳǡ
һ̴˺ܾãõͫÿȥսʱԵЩսϸΪ̫ϸʱ·ͫеˡͫս˽⣬רҵĶֻ֪Ŀǰ˵ٵľƲǺܺá
ڼǰľ˵廹һδսֻشսҪӮҲܵúüʮƽһֱȴҲһսҲܳ׳һ⻼ٿԱ֤ʮ겻ս¡
⼸ʮϢ¾ԻһأʹҲоԵĵֿǰĹңδҪľΪƴ
ƽῪڽиˡѦĸī˵ţ֮úīͬס֪Ƿͫĺ⣬ܾûܾˡͷߺ֪Լôģʶƺһֱڳ״̬ÿԵĺ˯ĺãӣֻǻȴָŷˡ
īĬȻֻǱһķƽѦиӿţʲôá
ڲ֪ΪʲôͬӡѦ˵ţֵֻԼ֪һ룬Ǻûǻ
˵ʲôءī˵ţֵǽսȻԺ뿪ʱ࣬ѵҲ
ѦֻҡͷȥĲ֪ͬס
īе㲻֪Ҫô˵ãڰǺ˽⣬γүҲǼ䵣šһַǳԤУȻīҲ˵ʲô
СӰݼ׹ر
īѦȴһ㶣ȥòû뾩һֱʢǴҲһֱұԷϢֻöһֱڷģѦŽ͹ֻһԲ
ѦҲû˵ʲôͻˣȻûȥʱĽ飬İѾʫֻʱգÿ缺ͬѦֻ˵Լûɱ㣬Ҫô룬û취ȥơ
ҪЩֵ֧˭ĳҵìҲӾ㡣ѦӺǰ֪˽޷⡣
롭Ѧһ²ŷӦ
õ԰ʱһʱ˶û˵ȫ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôáСǰѲ赹ϣֻǿŲ룬ֱջ·ķƽһûԵϿѦžŵܹȥ
øīҲ˹ȥõһοѦĶӣջ·С
ʲôʡ
ƽѦЦŵ
ұ𣿡ʡ
࣬ҪС·
ȴֱſѦ㣬Ҫ̫ˡ

 110 

ڷͫΪİΣĵʱӻʵͻȻٷͫ빬ͫҲӻʵߵسҲǳ£ͫѸʰʰǬֹСӻʵۺӰ֮ûдùҽһֱǬֹ룬ڳӻʵȻΪǾԲˡ
ߵϡͫ˵ţȴһӻʵۣϣе԰סȻﴫĹٷ˵Ƿ纮ǻӻʵ۵̫Ůʱ书һķ纮ܰһһڳʵ̫˼顣
ȻӻʵֵʢڣǺ»̫磬ǳ¶ӻʵ۲黹Ƿǳעе紵ݶһƬӻʵ۶ԴƺҲûֹЩԽŲ˵͸һʵ۵Ľ״ڳֵ͢İʵ̫Ӱˡ
߻ƽӻʵЦ̧÷ͫ漴Ըй
лϡͫ˵š
ӻʵȴ̾˿빬ȥϴһˡ
ͫԵе㾪ȣȥϴǰ칤˵Ĳ£սδ֮ǰͫҲϹȥѲ麣ֻһӻʵֻҪ˷ˣʵûҪٽһͨѵ
ӻʵۼʵޱǲȥģؾ㼺ȥһˣʵش󣬳֮Ҳ벻ѡ
ͫȻͷûҪûӻʵ۵˵ʲô
߻Ҳ֪ģΪĹ£̫ʵۿʼսܲ˵ĹͿˡӻʵ̾Ϣţֵΰװõģֻս³־ã޲ܲ׼
ҪǮķܶ࣬򵥵ľǼӸӻʵȴ治Ը⡣ʵǻ֮ĵһ¾ǼҲһֱټʣ˵ץġӻʵҲ治ټˣǴԪʵһʼģЩ꣬˰Ĳˡ
ͫף˲ضƯƯ
ӻʵۻ˵̶ֳȣͫٲ׾ɵˣ˵һ㣬ڹûǮǮʱҪöǳֶȥŪǮˡ
ڴݲߣӵвǮǶϷûݵΪҲŬͽŹԱǡԶնɱ̰Ա֤Ա̫ܵǴĹ֮һͱͫһȥϴ֮ʱնԱҲΪ
Ȼɱδܸ̰ıԣٿһľʾãҲʡʡԱ̫ݣӰ쵽롣
ֵҪǮʱӻʵϣͫȥĺһɱ̰٣һɱǮȻټҰ±֤ܰƯɱĴģȻǳ͢ڷǳʱɳԼ̫̰УҪ̰Լһ룬Ծˡ
ɳԱְҪߣûпɱҵȨɳȥҲûãҪǿԵĻͫӻʵۻųǮ⣬ҪϷĸǮ˳ݸҪˡ
һ㣬֪ͫõǮֱӹϵǰߵľãܱͫġ
ͫһȴص·ͬСɣһЭ֪ΪΣ
߻˭ӻʵʡ
ճͫ˵ţͣһµִΪǰ״Ԫ⼸ڳЭүѧ㵽үҲ޿ڲһ֮
ӻʵûȷͫ˵Цˣִ˸ȥȷʵʣ߻˼Ȼȫ½Ҳͷˡ
лϿ佱ͫ˵š
ӻʵȻһЦ⣬ڵүҪ˵˼תľͫԪʵʱһֱûҪżĲ£ǰƯƯ
ͫӻʵۺҪǵʱ¾լʺͻŮԪʵ۾˵ϺϲҲǰڷڣҲֵ̫ӻʵʱҲе㲻ףʼҵŮʹϲҲǱȻҵʱ׵Ʋʲôˡ
ҲΪԪʵ̬ȣһֱͫᴧĦʥ⣬չɫأҪճһȥʵּϷ̽ӰϷĸǾ˼ԸǮóܺùһƬɱгԱҲ
ڴ˵ĵλʵ̫£һЩϵݾͿǰҲóе㲻ũ̵ĹأʱҲܾЩĶǻϿҲϲ
һᴫִýӻʵЦŵһүͻȻ˵ҪǾһͷĳӶỳүװĺʲôġǻʵ۷ԸˣճǸˣǸ;Ĵˣ֪ô
лϡͫЦŵȻӻʵҪʲô
߻׼һ¾ͳɡӻʵ˵š
ǡͫҪ˵ˡ
ӻʵȴͻȻҪȥҲȥɡ
ͫһ£̧ͷһӻʵۣҪȥطӻʵۻ˵֡ıӻʵҲǺǺ˲ﶬ࣬ϴﶬ࣬Ȼ֪ͫӻʵʲôĽףϴﲻȥǺܿ϶ġ
߻þò𣿡ӻʵͻȻʡ
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šӻʵŵͷ
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ȥɡӻʵ˵š
ˡͫ˳
ӻʵȴЩ̾ĵΣ޲ʿȱһһߣ׷һɾ
ͫһ𣬽ŲͣӻʵȴͻȻЦˣ̾Ҳ˭˵˭ţʹ޻̫Ůʱδ԰ɱģԺᡣ
ֻ̧ͫͷһӻʵۣҲӻʵûԷıɱģʾ̰һֱľȨҲδȨƶߣһܸԼЩĽǣΪ϶ԼĲ¼ɶ
ҪҲڲˣ޾ǹ¼ҹˡӻʵۺ˵š

 111 

ȻŻϵּͫһľȴ΢ȻճҲ΢ֻȴ΢ĸףһС̵ģڷͫߡ
ͫӹ˵ӻʵͬ·ʱԵе⡣ͫͻȻҲӻʵеģûﲻ˽Գ·ʼͫĶһָоλˣҲͻȻ·ʧ
ȻյֱݣֵҹʱֱԵҪһүԼСġ
ͫȴǿʣȥʲԼ˽¡
ﵹЦû뵽үȻңʹ˵ˣѵţ
ϣ˵Ҳϣ˵šͫ˵š
Ц˽£ǻҰ˽¡
ͫʡ
ȴֵүؾ֮ǰһŪ·ǻϡ
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ȴֻЦЦ
ߵģڶϷͫʱǰվȻǸһС̣֪ͫ˼ˡ緹ֻò͵ʱճص쵽ϴˣүʲô뷨
ͫ΢Цճ˼ϴ֮طͫ죬ӭһΣϴκҲˣ˵ǴСԱƾ۰ʶҲࡣ΢ǾϢغܶ
Ҫ̰ٵģԼչȥǱ߹Ա˶ʲôòġõİ취ͣ£ճһ˹ȥɣ֤ҵĲˣٹճƴֺµλȻ
еճҲףֻ˵ԴλʱǧԼԵ̫ˡòλԼ˼ȻŰ죬Լļƨ˵
ҿִ˱·ùԱǵעⶼϣ֤鷳ִˡͫ΢Цŵ
ճҲЦү
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ճǼҴҵĴ뿪ˣճʱ֪ͫģһƶ֮ǰ״ԪôֵǮˡҸͬڵĳĶ࣬ͱѧģҲֻǰų¶ԱżȨġ
ͫճּҲų⣬˵ģʥˣȻͲٲŵ̫֮ޡͫӻʵҲճᣬŮ˲ôϣҪҪôá
ճˣͫȴûôߣڳǰСʱϴʱͫԸԺסֱ꣬Ӱꡣճ˳ҪעĿУ΢ЩԱǼʹϳҲᵱ֪Ȼעʲô
ǡƻ
ʹֻӷͫҲ൱ȫף˵һæҵӾԼҲ߷ֻǸŴŴһȥϢʱ򣬾ڴһϤꣿܹûмĵֲ꣬ĵطҵ뿴˭ôֱʡ
Ҫס£ǲġͫЩ̾Ľӻܲ˵ʱĺɣϴ캣ãû뵽ϡ
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ȻˡͫЦţַԸϰϾƵ꣬ҪһСԺҲҪʰһס
ǣǡϰæӦš
ҲûܾͫղǾ⣬Ҳ֪ͫǳ칫ġϷͫҲͦҲʡؾ
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ȻһϰԹϯþ͵ܺãҾؾ㡣
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ͫȴ˵ʲôСлֱ԰ɣǲǺī˸õѡ񣿡
Ҵʦ̸̸Ȣī⿪˵š
˵ֻҪīͬ⡭
ͫĻû˵꣬þͼǺīľˣӦúҪīЩ飬ʱīܻ뿪㣬ΪҪ㲻ǲ֪ΪʲôᱻţΪ͵͵ǰ̩үǰ̩үֻ־ȹҵļһһĺӣñȥξ֮ġ
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ͫ˵βŵīϲ𣿡
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⼸īȻ֣ȫĵ֡˵ʱ벻īֻʲôرīһӣõ껪ĹȥһͫԼġ
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ĹԱܶ޷ΣǷ֤ͫ磬˵ȺԱȫɱճͫһȥģճ˼Ͳȥˣͫȥˡͫճ˼ǷƵĲ¡
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ƲԼæɽڵĵҲ١ʵͫҲְʾҪ˳ƵԺɽڻĵط͸࣬ʹԼû˼ī˻ǻᱧű̬
Ӻݾ˳ҲճֵģֻͫڱҪʱ¶ؾʱϴնʱҲճֵģ͢˼ԣҪǮҪѡһطͫڣǮĶģͻԻʼһЩ
ڵλµǺܴĴ̼ߵҲںãϴɱһ·˭ˡЩԱҲԼݳ棬ľǮҪǷͫɱãһɱ䡣
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 113 

ͫظãﴫСɾϲصϢһүСɾҲûʲô˵ģ⼸꺫ī񣬻һҲǳֹģҪڷͫȨأҲһ¡
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ϰϵݲǳ֮Ľʦ˵ġȴûӮ˷ģһûУҲûдûŮϼĶţҪһźǿ顣
һȷĿ꣬ʱʱ̲̿ȥʱĿʲô˶ǿġΪ˱ǻᱻһЩջţܹȫκҪļԲһеġ
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ָʮȥˣʮʲôڡΪվߴֻķ羰õģҲһҪõġ
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뷨ûҪƽҲ룬ڻʼҵģҳ̫Ůκ˶ûиѡȨҪľվߴ
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 114 

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 115 

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ֻЦЦʣ˻˳𣿡
ܺáͫţûٸ˵ȥֱղҽʥϼҷţȴ㡣ܸ֪𣿡
ƺһ£һ˲ͫھһ£ڷͫ²ֿԵʱͻȻӹóһʥּͫˣʥֻּܻ£ҪӻʵˣôظͷһƻҪô¡
㿴˵ŵݸͫ
ͫӹĵڶʥֻּչһ۾ͫĽһ¡ǣʣǴ׻ӻع
ĺʷ鷢ļʷǳǳСΪһҪԭ׵ĻһڻʼҶûʲôλġ˵ٻӵĸԶԶӣһֻǶźˣԼĹǲܵģܡһ׻ȥ֮󣬶ܱҹ°
ﾹȻԼʱʥּĲ̸̸ֻ飬ͫĺ
ƽҲһƽٻգȻ˿ʼĬͫԼƽʲôҲĺƽ˵֮еģǵϴϴʱվںңԼ飬ļңĵطȥļ˵ǿҡ
һ˶ԼҪɵĿ᲻ϧһȥɣЩһֱæµŵֻһʥּҪȥڻֻ㣬ˮ·סǰ·ҪصԼĹңȥԼǷԼȨ
ҰĹҲӻʵּԭĸʵ۶ϲӻв֮˵ͫҲڷӻʵۼλֻΪ˸νûͼ
ؾǵʥּＺдʣȻˮ·ңԶǴһúõĻűؾãˣȡ
г̶𣿡ͫʣŽͰźˣӻʵʥֵּˣûøӻʵһʧļƻӻʵ۲ô׸ʥּ
ͷֵΪǼߣ֮û취ȫ̲μӣϼ׵¡
Խ̵ʥּдʣڴ˵úúõġߵĸɾֻʡ
źþͺáͫӦһ䡣
ȴͣһʣǰҪ֪𣿡
Ҫ

 116 

ʮչֻͫص˹̴ȻûлȥıҪֻǷͫھбȽϺáҲ˵˵ʱƽԴʾҲܺƽĽܡ
˵ҲֻһͣԺΪ˵֮Ĵ޸ĳһŮŮ˭ҪΪһ춼뿪ŮȦһСԺһӿνҸ˵
ЩΪ˻ŶţЩΪšĶںߣԷսɳĴȥֻǷͫû취ôȻЩĸԽԽһλӭȢŵķͫȻٻ޸ãҲûô
ʥּȥǸǻĺ˵ʥּȥͱʾжԲߡĳһʧˣҲûзᣬʥȴ佫ǸӢһ佫ݵλĲ뷭ѡ
ǵǾﶬ࣬һװ״ﶬĺǸƺҲڴ򽻵ͨǵ·ȥѰԭĲµǸעĿĺð취
ԴӴ⿪ĸ࣬ҪͨϢ͸סֻҪ㹻ʵټӻʵ۵ӡǣǲˣԷƽҲĻᡣ
ʮһ׵ʱ򣬾дϢ˵ٷͫȥͫԹæΪûȥ强ؾɻ൱áȻǰ£ţأͫſŰ죬ӻʵۻﱾϷмң˵ȫס
ֻͫûؾﱾ缺ȥϷҪʲô°꣬ͫҲûߣΪҪΪɥⲻֹǻظǴĴͳ
ͫȴûзס£ס̫ãҲ˵һס̫áԺܶ࣬ʰһҲסͫ˵ػظȥһûϵȴص˶Ҵ
һŵԺͫԼ֪ЩʲôͫھҪˣҲһ㡣ûУֻȥصĵطȥ
үСӵˡƻС˵ţɥʱòھУҲǸոջؾӵϢ͹ˡ
Сӣͫһ£ղһ̲֪ʲôһ˲ƺʲôǵãͣһ²뵽ã롭
һṦͼýţü滹ϴΪī£һһ࣬õûʲô仯
˵£үڰʱбеû˵ţһֱöﲢûٺøУͻȻϢЩ̾ϵķһ£ǵ˵ȷʵһλӣûЩϧ
Сˡͫ˵ţֻǿȴԾôżֳȻǳöǾеЦ˻ţȻ̾û˵ڽϴ֪Ժ᲻
öڷͫʶķӦȴеΣͫ˺īʹ˵Ƿ飬öԷܻͫ༸־ءԷͫӦþ;ԼʧˣֻҲ˵ʲôֻǵͷš
һС̰ѲͫȴеԥʣСӻ𣿡
⼸ûھдͫʱʣΪ鷳һ˾Ҫǰǰ涼ңڼֵʷ̨ˡҺʵôʵֻҪſǾӻʵ۵ͷ󻼣Ҳ׵Ҽһ
ô󣬷ͫһʱ᲻ߡȻ˵˸Դ漯ŲͬǷͫʱȰȰãѧңԴӻʵ۵ǻΪʷƼԣνʶʱΪܣͲ֪ôġ
¿˵ֻٿͫƺ˵ʲô
ͫһ£СĪҶԣѦŮҲƽƽᣬûνĹֻۣͬÿ˵ȡᡣ
óĬӻʵ۵ŷ˼Ŀ£λ֮ǰ̫ŮϲţȻʷȥ̫Ůûʲôӡ󣬵ǵʱʷõ纮ûùȴͻȻȥˡ
ӻʵ۵ϵλҲݾȥҪûһ˭šǵõʱҲȰ㣬Ĭֻǵֻڡûã̡
óĬʱƻǰصүִˡ
ͫһ£ճʱʲô£üү£¸ˡ
ͫҲûֻǶƻСӡ
ǡ
ãͫڼճʱеĲɣȻøղû˵öŷ֮µĿѦǲͬġվڷͫö˵κλǸղ̲ס˾졣
ʵӻʵڵ磬ֻҪò£ųնҲܱ⡣õ̫ˣʱƣλñ޲ȥĹӸȴʫʷɾ͸󣬶ӻʵ۴ǳСģοûӡ
үеĲɡճе̽Цŵ
ͫҲЦȴǵĵûʲô
ղ½ʱüСӳȥճٴ˵š
ͫȴܲΪճſʼһֱ˵滰ûн⡣ͻȻͫܲԾһȨƵүʲô˽ȥһ㳼ӲءҪҲǺأճɲǲµˡ
Сûڻ˾ͫ˵š
ճȴЦүСӽ񣬴Եǲ٣λСӲμӵĸֻָĹҲүˡ
̧ͫͷճм⻰˵ʵڲճݵ˸˵ġճɫȴɫȴǷǳϿϵʵǴŻġ
ޣͫһ¡
ǰȥүɿ˶ûСϾ͸һ£ʵҲǵýˣٹҵĹҲãƽͷҲãֻҪү˵һϲϾָ顣˵ճһȴ̾ү
ճĻûȥֻǿͫͫЦ˳ִ˵ĺⱾףҲִ˺ͻϷģôûִˡ
ٹ塢ƽͷȢ˭УǲȢá

 117 

ʱͫյģ˷⻧⣬ԭͱһһķ⻧׷һǧ˰⣬ͫǴλߣ⻧ү
ԭһֱƹŵĹ⣬Ҳһзͫ˵һֱʱͷ޶Ȩ㳯Ұֵͫʢ꣬ɥȻδýǷʢͫͷ
ʵǱû취ͫܲӻʵǾ÷ǷһҲԼʵճسýˣʱ£ĸࡣ
߻ýôˡӻʵЦŰ£Ҳѵʱ侲һ£ͫˡ
ֱͫ̾Եϣ³Ի
ӻʵȴЦû뵽ͫΪ½ڷͫһ˶ûУδȢǲ̫ʣռСɾӦõġòõĲ˵ǽҲӦõġ
ټһֱͫõĹϵƺܲ͹˵úܺãȢһλǼĸֻǷͫԲȢ˵ҵŷڣպŷˣͫҲȢٵҴ壬ҪǾܶԷһ˿ᡣ
ӻʵЦǽҲиˡ
ͫȴе̾ĵǳҪ治֪ʲô˺ʡ
ӻʵһ£Ҳ漴̾ҲǣСɾǺī򡭡ȷʵѿˡ
һܳģ˵ӾŮӶ࣬һʱ벻˷ͫۡͣһӻʵ۲޶Բ㡣
ͫЦҡͷˣǳӻʵ޹أԼҪߡ
һˡ
Ϸģִ糼֪ġͫ˵ţͣһ̾СֻΪīʱһ
ӻʵ۳Ĭȷʵе㵣ķͫеʲôڵķͫǸܳͣ߷ͫҲǵķģһȢѦһӻʵ۲ЦҪǾ÷ˣǾͣһͣµǴ£ο㻹ûá
סͫ˵ţֵֻڳû˼ȳ˭ˣһָ顣
Ǿͺá
ýڲţҲֻެȴеźĵû뵽СӾȻҲˣˣһΪ
Щ˵ͫѵСӵĹɰܻ
ƻȴͻȻЦֻǿͫɫѸǡ
ʵﻹʲôʮˣû޳ȥⱲѼˡʵԴȥǶΪүеʲôؾʱþôܻġˣлᣬûš
үҲǣ̸˵Ǳһ˼ҵĹܵĶ࣬ˣҪ˵Ȣûĸܱøܺ⡣ֻȴүϵүȫš
ʱڣ߹ͻȻ飬˵Ҫʹ߽ףҰʱ䶯Żż޵ʵ٣⻹ǰδšϴǸ鷢д˵ΪдΪʵء
ͫ൱˼ҵĴһСд̻ʵۣԴ˴̵ܵϴ첻ܲ˵漣Ҫֻ̣߹ر֤ˡ
齻պ鶨꿪ʱŶСӽӻʵ۶ڴӣȻ޻֮Ƕ壬һ˥ٶȶǳ졣
ԼƽӻʵҲҪסǴףڷףǾԲܰڵģӻʵ۸Զ뵽Ҳһת
ֻƾһ峼̫ѣҴҲ̫Ҫ岻߹ս£ǲ֮ߡεĺѡҲøΪҪֻǻ֮в޺֮ˣҪӻʵҸԼԸġ
ȻĹǼ޻ⲿ֣ʵⲿֻǺСһ֣һӼʹȢΪ˵̫ࡣֻǼ޹ȥĻҪǶǿ޿Ҫ˵˼Ҵ쿴ű֣忴Ҳķ
ӻʵ۷յʱ򣬷ȴȥףӻʵֻǷһˡǷĶʦĶӣʱǾŬȥչˣȻָŻûܳɡӻʵһֱûʷѡӻʵҲҪ÷۹ĺá
ֻպֱӽݣȥʵ⡣ȢһȻֻǺ׵һֶһҲԷӺҪá򣬼ʹҲһһһŴ
һĲ鲻Ըȥֻ忴Ĳƣ෴һЦԸ忴СھãһλӲֹǴķҪǴʹ
Լĸ׷ĶΪ׳Լ۸ΪĺƽЩʲô
۹˵꣬ӻʵ۳Ĭˣβŵ˵Ҳ룬޻ǲȥǷǰһֱչ˵ˣһչ˵ĸá
ҪǰڣһȥȴȻһļֵûʲôܱȺƽҪʵѡ
ӻʵ۳Ĭȷʵʣһֻ뵽Ҫ޵ԶĵطͻῪʼ粻ǿǷΧ֮ڡ
ֵڱСУ¼˵һֱĲǼӲǴСԺʲôҲҪ飬ˡΪҲΪԼһֱӵǸСԺӵ£Ҫʷ֤ȻӵıŮӸࡣ
ӻʵٴγĬΪνĸõĶ塣
Ǹ죬ƣ״ǰ켺ڴϾйȻص֮һĵŷֱۣ״ǰһ죬ӻʵ۴ֻҪ˵Ը⣬ʹµľӻʵҲᷴڡ
ӻʵٴξܾ֮󣬷ֱȥվҴ˵⣬ǰ󽫾֮ӣֳָȻʵΪӣԸ׵ȥ
մͳ˵Ϊ൱ϴҹӹ淶ôëԼȥǷǳʧ
ֻǿ̸ֹ࣬£˵ûʲôˣ۾ǷڴȦҲһġû˵ģȻǰÿս֮󣬴ף忴еĶΪױʵΪĶ
ԭӲãǻһÿ޿̾ϢԼ˲ֻۡǿһ۾;÷ǳᷳˣԾö֮ںĻҲ͸¡ֻһ˶ԭеǺж
ڷԼҸŵܲ˵𾪣˵ۻǷĶӣӡȻԹ޼ҳ˵Թ׶սǷĶֵ𾴵ĵˡ
ڷѶ֮޷أˣһҪݼʹǰԼĶӣǾֵصӢۡ˵һݣ࿴
¾ĺܿ죬ʹŷȥӻʵۡ뷽ҲãҲãôĳԹǰ¡մ˵ȻȢĶӣӣȷʵĸݡ
ӻʵ۶Ż¼ʹôӦΪڴҲֻõͷͫȥȰȴǴ⼺ӻʵ۵˼÷ͫһֱԼڼѦȰȰۡ
ͫȴȫûбҪһǲǹĺӦԼжϡѡһ·Ҳ˿ɵޣٻֻ֮أԼҪѡҪߵģʹٶϺõģҲȫûҪ
ʱǹٺš
ֻͷһӻʵ𣬷Ԫʵյӣӻʵƽݡ
ӻʵ۶оƣۣѡΪԵ·˵ҲĲ˰ӻʵȴ벻ʵлһ·˳硭

 118 

ʮ꣬ʮӻʵͻȻزԴӵϢʱͫϴѲӣȻؾϢ˵ӻʵۿҪˣԴӷȥ֮ЩӻʵһֱûдùҲû̫ͻȻϢͫȻһʱж٣ؾͳ˱Ȼ
ȨͫͷһϣֻȫͬͷһԪʵȥʱͫڻȨȫûзȨط̫ͫзȨˡʮȨ㳯Ұʮ꣬ʮʱ̫ʱ
ҲΪʱ̫ˣⳡȨҪࡣҪĻȨߣһӻʵŮʮķͩһǻʷ̫ŮͫһֱûоɵУҪǷͫӻʵʲô
ӻʵûʲôãҸɲġڵķ̫ͩŮ˵ͫȫ벻ӻʵ˭ʵ̫ңԶˡȻ˵̫ܣǷͫӻʵۻѹҽˡ
ջظУʱƻȴеȸԾСϢӽѡ̳ˡ
ͫһ£漴ɡӻʵι֮ϣʹҪˣйҲԲҰϢų
ͩϵʵ̫Ŀʲôԣӻʵ۲ûôĴѹͫӻʵۿһ·ͩӻʵ۶λŮǱϣġ
ӻʵ۶ⳡʲôо֪ͫͷͫԼ˵ʧҪ˵ӻʵ۵ȣǶʮķͫҲڵķͩǿĶࡣȻڵĴԪʵۼݱʱľʮʢ֣ȫʢһξ롣
нʢҸһչ˵ֻǱڵľ̫ͩŮУŮСӽѡ
½ֻǽǬֹʱȴй˵˯ˣͫһƻһ£Ѹ˵ʲôͫȴסǾȻˡ
˵ͫתȥƻȻһ⵫ҲֻøȥͫһСҲ̫Сˡ
ƻֻǿͫҽӻЩʲôʱ˵ǷǳʱڡͫȻһɴݣֻһйҪĻ־ٵĲ١
һֱûϢǾͱʾӻʵ۵״ûж⡣ĳ֮ǰͼѰӻʵۣЩһֱӻʵƿأֱһǰӻʵۺĸ˷ͫʹȨ
ͫеסӻʵ۵˼ҲֻܹлһవİȷʵܴڴӻʵϢ棬Щµּ⣬ȫƾﴫݡ
үصƻС˵Щʲô
־;ǱΣͫʣ־;ǾΨ֧ӣĿľػʳǣ˵Ӵ֧Ľǻʵ۵ľĸҲ˵ÿθĳλҪˡ
һ糣ƻ˵ţүÿγǱȻҪԸһ£λ
ͫͷȻʱҪر⡣
ǡƻӦţֻԱߵĽȴɵĲүڹơ
үҪܳ£λõˡͫ΢Цŵ
бȻǷͩġ̫Ů̫СʷһΨһӻʵۣ̫ŮеλȻ̫෴
үƻŷͫСģؾӻʵ۲ˣھĿһб䡭
зִ硣ͫ˵ţֵʱ⾩оƣҪ佫ǵľٶ
Ҫоӵ֧֣ͫϻһơŰսʿӻʵ۶ͣٵ٣ҪǮĸǮȻһ󲿷֣ھеҲ١
Щͫмѣлӹٷͫǻ뵽ǡⶼǷĳˣͫһֱԼӦǣʱͳ˷ͫҪơ
Щ겻ͫչǣӻʵҲǷǳչǡվӼɢЩЩְְְھ־˭뷢䣬ͫаգʹӻʵĲˣҲյ
֮ͫȴֱأͫȻǶڸͬʱԸȥڲ͡ʮʱƻ衹ˡ
ͫͣһµ
ƻѹĸͣǻʷˡ
ͫһ£һҲûзԸƻӼݼֱͣƻȵ̫ˣСү
ͫٴ˵š
ƻȴˣǻʷүľ֮⡭ƻûзӦʱ򣬷ֵͫ˵ˡ
ǡƻȻ⣬ҲֻӦš
ֹʮգͫȻл֮ʱشϢʷ̨үʮȻţһԹϼεġͫӵϢ֮ͨĽ룬Ǭֹʱֻӻʵϣ󳼹һƬ
֮ͫͱӻʵ۴ͫµʱȴע⵽ӻʵ۵ɫܲէһһ㶼ˣͫȴһֻعⷵյĸо
޽컹о񣬰ǶɣҪ˵¡ӻʵۿڣֻٺȫûе˵ǿһ
ӻʵӦаţһṦе˶ˣʷ̫ŮվӻʵԱߡӻʵֻǿǸĸһۣ㿴Ⱥڣ֪һֱʲôԳŽ쾫ã鶼ˡ
ӻʵͣһ£̫Ůףִλ̫Ůķ
䣬һƬžͫһ²ŷӦ¡ӻʵȴǿڻλһ࿪ʼӣµյǻ

ȫ

ѡĺܿ죬ӻʵ۵˵Ҫµ۵ǻҲǬֹ̫֮ϻԾӣƾӴȰͬʱҲʼ󹬡
ЩڳбȨأȻͻȻİţǳ·֮󡣶ڳгҲʱеҲ˵ɺϾûΪɺϡ
µƹĹ̺ܼ򵥣ҪЩ̫壬ԴȥûȢСɾûɣֻм̶Ƕµ۵ǻͷһ¾Ҫѡ󹬡ӻʵۼλʱ󹬼Ĳӣֻµȴ塣
ȻûеǻǷͫǬֹ֮ͿʼӻʵۼȫٴӦ˵񡣲ÿͫӺҪļȰӻʵֻЦЦҡҡͷ鴦ɡ
һºͫǻǻ䲢¡أҪӻʵʱ޶ּ࣬ͫΪڷͫǻĵڶ죬ȰйͻȻ˵̫ϻ롣ͫæȥһֱӻʵûҹҽлر˵ӻʵ۾ԽԽá
ͫʹҽӻʵΪʲôͻȻ䲡ҽȴҡͷ˵̫ϻǻͳɼһֱеĲѹڣҪ̫ϻ书Ϊϲڡ
ߵ̫ϻʡȻǻͫеĻǾ
ӻʵ΢Ц㼺Ƶۣҽãˡ
ͫȴЦЦûػӻʵǸֵߵݵĻʵۣʹҲΪݾⲢû˶ı䡣
ȥӻʵ˵š
ͫע⵽ӻʵ澹ȻһװĴɫ˵ӻʵûʱҲδ˵ҲֻٵķĴ
˵ûΪϻʱӻʵȴͻȻ˹ȥҽйһæңͫҲֻڴȰϢһṦͼĨͫ˿
ͫҲֻӻʵȥ֮󣬺֮εĻ飬ʹͫԲΪΪϴεĵȥͫһֱûùκȴͻȻ뵽ȥ
ʹȥ飬ܾͫҪӻʵۡ飬ճ֮ϵǻĻ̫ŮϵĻʵۺʵϵĻʵ۲ʵ̫󣬷ͫȻò׼Թνĸк³ûмһѣȻѺ˱
ҽҡͷȽȥȻйѸߵͫǰϣ̫ϻȥ
ֻͫŹڴǰȷͫǰʱӻʵ۲ۿͫǻҲߵķЩҰѴ㣬ʵλʵѡ
ͫ£ӻʵȴֵҷŮҲи㣬Īǡ
Ϸġͫ˵ţӻʵ۵δˡ
ͫ˵䣬ӻʵ۾ϣڷͫΪӻʵ۾ʹ˹ȥ֮ʱӻʵȴͻȻס֣סһԹĵͫҲҡ
ͫ󾪣ԱߵҲŴ˵ӻʵֵ֪Ҫˣһ˶ã㻹ȥѰ
ӻʵ۵ǴĹģͫκεطίӻʵۡӻʵۼݱʱŲʮ꣬ǴĻʵۣܲ˵ҲܸɵĻʵִۡʮ䣬߹⻼ڵŷǿ˻Ȩͳƣ˶̣ͨ˹Ҳɡ
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