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ȷʵ˵ȭ԰Ҷ˵ǳ򵥣һ飬ҶԺбļ䣬ԼѾǳϤˮ谭

Ҷһʱһ׼򵥵ȭͷ˵·˵練ƣҪδУȫȭÿһ飬Ϣһʱ䣬򣡡

ֵҪ󣬰Ҷֻɻһ£ͷʼִУһյʱ䣬һ飬ȻȶͬϢһյʱ䣬Ȼٿʼڶ顢顭

ҶȻ岻Уȴʹһһҹ֮˻Ҫ塣

򵥡ᣬͣͬĶҶÿһ飬ԼĸоͬҲʼŸоߣһȭʱˣʱȴ˰ʱأ񣬵ûиоЩδ

ڰҶʮֵĸ̾ڸտʼⷲҪʮ׵ĵ

Ҳˣһȭ·ͬĴȴǧֵı仯

ȭ⹦ˣѧϰ֣ӵ֣ʡ䡢Ρ飬㶯ߣ߶棬涯壬ټ򵥵ĶĵҲøˣǷ˵У

ҶΪȻصͷȻ˵ȻЩһͨͨԼѧϰԼ򣡡

򽻸һ飬ķ⹦·ˣһĿȻ

һ

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Ҷӹ飬һӰζɽļַȷͼαʾ߼ˡ

ԺҲҪаţʲôĿʱң

˵꣬صǸǰ顣

ҶͷѾ鷭ʼ鿴

ݺƷӰע⣬Щ˵ǻǳ䲻һϸƷζȴ԰ΣҶһӾ˽ȥԴˣҶ㿪ʼ޵ӡ

ʱڹ½ζؿ飬ʱϪ߿Ϫˮʱҹû˿ͣЪͬʽҶƺһУÿЩ黹Щ飬򶼺˵

Դ˲⣬Ȼÿ쿴Լ飬԰ҶŲʡ

ꡭ

ǰ˿СϪ߳˼İҶ߽ľݣִ⣬ڷڣռ䶼

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ִ˼ЩɫʯϣƮɢʯ۶ʱʵĹ⣬Щڿתܿ죬һӰںС

ӰԽԽգ˰ҶүүӰ

俴ŻЩʣʮ˾

ҡҡͷ˵ʮǰҾ˾

һ㶣漴ˣʮ㾡ľΪҽӣ뻹һɡ

û

򣬼ȻѾ˾ǾͺΪ֮ɣҲ㣬ֻǣһ㣬ɽ粻֮ǰɽ磬ߴһͿٲ

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Ǻã߰ɣԻͷӰʼɢƬ̺󣬿Ʈĺɫʯ۱ʧɾ

ֳȥƣתߵǰǱȻ˼İҶԺлʮǰշʱľ

ڷһƫƧطģ֮ʱȻɢ߲⣬ûɽ磬ɽ˴Χξʲôһغ

ͨظܵϷܵΣҲЩ˵ĶԻ

Сҵģ˭׼

ߣ˵õĻǰһǸƾ£

ҵķͲһˣԪɱĪ



ҲףԼĳ˱ûĶʲôɽ磬һ˼䣬һȷǿһ磡

ûзϲãҲûп־壬Ǻƽؽܽ⣬ѤõĲʹ⣬뿪˼䡣

ɽ¶ͷеǿ˸е־ϢǾЩ˵ϢЩҪƳɷ˵

ﶼһǿʳֻǣҪǧĹΪѣɲô򵥵ġûЩΧԼˣԹ˵ʩչȥǼڵᡣ

ֻǣһǸշİˣһһȺѾõǿߣֻ˰֣㱻ǿסҪ˵գ۶첻

ǣŷɵһߣ˳ĺӢرüһɫӡǣ񿪵ĵֻһһɫĳۣޱɫ˴һӸɾ

ԭΪЩ˻ӵԼ֣Щ˵ֻԥ飬ûıʾ

Ұ׼ҵˣǴҶɢ˰ɣƽ˵

ԭЩԻڱصõ⻰󣬾ȻԹԵ뿪ˡ

ɽ粻Ƿ磡ɿ˻Ľ˵š

˹֣˵ллǰȣѾˣ

Ұ״˾ˣҸѡһ뿪ȥԼʲôΣնԼеҰ׼ΪͣҸʱ俼ǣļҰ׼һѡ뿪ѡ뿪Ҿ㡣

Ű״˵Ļ˵ѡڶ

˵ͷּ䣬Ż˰׼ҡ

˾ǰ䣬˰׼ĵһҲΨһһ±չ˰ҶչͶ̥ˣ

ľݵŹϣ˼İҶߣһֽȻƮƮطԷڴͷһۣͶʴ

Էɽȣɫɣ΢ĴϷʮûʲô仯ֻǴʱǰԹ˿Ѿ뿪ˡ

Ҷ˼ͷϤӰֻԵ

һ

ֽϾô֣

һ

ڰ˽ 뿪Է

ʮҶʱʱ̸̿һȻеǸĸвȸĸѾ常

ſյԷҶ۾һ˲ģˣʮǰʹٴγ֣˸

ĸһֱԺлصҶմӳ˼һᣬһ޾ĳ˼ȥˡ

ҽʮ꣬ڷѾǴˣԼ£еԼΣȥԼ

˼һһҹİҶеˮѾϵҲ˸бƽϪվ·ľȥ

ľİȻ򵥣ɾһȾҶ߽ڼ䣬ʰ·ɰ԰ľͷƵľ߳ľݡ

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ʰһᣬСϪؿʮĵط

󣬰Ҷ͵վԶһɱȥ

ǸĴͷͶ˵ͨԴһİƽԭа׼ҵһۡƽʱûʲô˰ˡ

ҶӴֻһСԺӣԺһöʮɵֻʣһԷľˡ

ǰ׼ĸۡ𣿡Ҷ򵥵ĲãԺа׼ҵĻֺøϵ

Ҷܿͷǿ£һ뷢԰׵붨ˡ

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İƽԭҶԷʱ˽ɽ֪ʶҲ֪ĵΡ

ͨԭǵķΧԽǲǼɽòǺԶҶһţһ߷ǰȥ

Ҫȥɽڼɽһ뷲أͨ½緲䡣

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ڰҶƽʱĶ࣬ûôеƣֻǶңңڵ·;еЩѡ

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һʱ䣬Ҷڿˣe߱ܣЩɫǾ̳¡¡Ǽ̤ĽŲ

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ұ׵屻ײϣҲˣֻ취м䴩ȥ

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˵Ȼ˵׼˸ҲֻǴţ˭Ҳûţ

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eȻ˳ǵĵˣͻȺ֮ʹõֶξиͬ壬԰Ʒ񱼣űٶȵĲǵҲԽԽǿ󣬼еǿҲȥâ

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Ҷִľһ޵ʹӭǵ֮ȥ

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ϵķ¹ͼ룬趯Ӱһʱˣ˰ΣǷ¹ȻЦ

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һĻϵˣֻǶûǺؿţ֪Ҷô

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ƷǾлнܵķˣһŮಡǰЩ꿿Ϸҩ֧ţɲƷ˱ɴŮᵽҾͽơ

ŶʦҽɱȾҽ֮߶ˣ

ǺǣרͬĶи£ֻⷽȽаˣĿɲҸЩ˱ȡ

ҶЦŵͷе뷲ȻҪһʦ֮ⷲһ϶ѧܶණ

ǰУֹһˣһЩæĻƣǰ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ҳæ

ѰҶܸЩˣҲ֪˰Ҷյͽܣһһ֮λҶԱߣ˿

º󣬰ҶѾԼ߶ֻ廹飬ڽЩˣ屾ʣķ˹ܽͺܶ࣬Щơ

£Ҷʱ䶼ǰãǰһֱ϶ŻƷ˵Ů⣬СѾͷ֪ԭƯԼĴʦܺ˷ܵĲˣڼҶſڱտڵؽʦܣҶԴ˲⣬ֻǺǺЦš

ҽҶѾᣬʵһ£ʱǧҲ֪ټ򵥵飬һʵϵҲ÷׷ӡ

ҽҶԴʮ⡣

죬ҶڿҽȻˡ¡¡ǧһ

һᣬžžһ˳˽ǻ¶׶Ȼפߵľӡ

λǴҼҴ˱ҧˣҽΣ˵һָ׳Ĵ󺺣˫ֱһˣ࣬嶶ͣ

԰ҶҶһº͵ĵϢķӣȥ

˵Ǵ󺺹ֵϷĴ򣬻ѴƽڵϣĪҪĴ

Ǵ󺺸ѻĴƽڵϣ˵ҽΣѾ˳˿ҩ裬֧Ų˶á

û˵ֻǰ鿴ơ

Ҷǲ˿귽ӣҲǰԱ߿š

Ȼûо鿴ҶѾණ߶Ѿ鲼ȫǿ費һյʱҪֲסˣ

Ҷ뵽Ҳ˵ˣܲ΢ȵȣǧȥȥ

˵꣬㼱ݣһȺǰ档

ǸץҩĻƽɽ˵ӴӦȥʮĸȥˣǷģֻҪӴڣʹҲûã

ȻƬ̣ͻˣһչ˿˿һ⣬Ҷϸȥȴ롣

˵ֱɿ˿ϻûһ£һɳֱӴ̽˵Уʧ

Ҷܹʮģʮ̵ģܹʮĸȫǴ˵У漣߶ַһ߶

ŶȻľֶΣǳʶˣһ۵ʿϢվſڣߣһ˫۾ݣŪһɫСߡ

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ȺеһһӽҧҼҴˣ

ʱȺ˶˱УŵʿղűŴ˵ĴǰʿղŵĻʲô˼߸ʲôϵ

۵ʿǺһЦָСߵԴСҲǵĶʺӲš

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˼ѾˣʿҪǴ˵ߵʳ

쵰ʿһʿֱӻ󵶿ȥĿǵʿߵֻ֡

СģҶȻһǸʿû⣬󵶿˵ʿĸ첲ϡ

鷢ˣ󵶵İȷʵ˵ʿѪȴûһ˿ѪʿĵҲղ棬һ˿ӵʿ˿ڷɳŵʿȥ

֣Ҷֽе

䣬˿Ȼ٣ֱӴڵʿϣʿһֻֿʼڣŸ첲ӡ

ҶץһԵĴɨ㣬ɨӱģٵش澾¼ϸӳȥһֱӲǸʿĸ첲ϣסҪѨͬʱҶеվű𶯣

Ҷ廹ԼٶܵǸʿǰʣµļĸ첲ϡ

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ʿȫ䣬ֻڵָǺ֪˾֣ҶĻԾؾŴͣҶһһŷУֱӱȥ

ھʿͬʱҶҲһֱעµʿǵʿûжֻǺؿŰҶҶʱʿ۾ȻһĨɫ

˷ǸʿɫԽԽ죬ڵֽ˸оһĹ򣬱ŵĵطŨȳҺ壬ڵϣľ帯ʴһڶ

µʿȻЦ۾￪ʼ˸ֱǰһֶ԰Ҷѷ

Ҷ֣УһۺɫġӨ͸ġӣһĹӣǷ

˵𣿡Ҷʵ

ʿеĺâʤһһ

Ҷ΢΢һЦеķ˲ʧսУΪʲôҪ㣡

ʿ۾Ź⣬ϵ¿һҶɻСûʲôǿϢôôƽ÷һûõʿģ֪ļֵжٷôģѵǰϻ

ţʿеĺâȥĽŲջأϵҲָ糣ãǺڣ

ʿһת棬ֱڿն𣬲֪ա

Ҷ̾һԼʿΪ塣

عͷ˶ɽ㶵˵ղ˻ɣߡȻּæʵ׹ӣôģ

ȵǸʿѾ˶첲ϵԶ䣬˰̸ԼٶᣬеȫΪϢ㣬һֱţλӣл

Ҷͷʿ˵ӣղҳԵĶʲô֪ûУܾܲҼҴˣ

һֱţҲ˷֪֪нĶ˵ڴɽҼϡ٣ǲɶõҩܾȰҶķ

Χ˶ԼҶҡҡͷ˵¶÷Ի⣬λ˵ĶѾ鲼ȫ裬ӵЧͲˣʦһЩȶȥˣٸԷʱЧá

лЩʿ԰Ҷ֣Ȼ֪Ҷ˭ȴ֪һߣԲ²϶򵥡

ֿ˰ҶһۣͷŤ˹ȥרĸǴζʮĸССڴ˵ζ߹ĵطһɫ֣Լһʱȫʼ⡣

ֹһʱó˿һĨʱзɳһƬ⣬Щ붼˳Զ˿ϣǴ˵Ҳָԭ״

Ҷǰгһö˵죬ιȥֻһյĹ˾͵еģôôȣ

˵Щĳ佫һſڣһ߽һߺȣȫһصصĴ³Ʀ

ˣЩʿһӰΧһĹ˵˾ֱӶ԰Ҷֵ±߹ؽХ磬նл֮ʲô飬ܷԸֵһа죡

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˵Ǵ˺ȻͷЩεΪĴæûдǮ֪ܷǷţȥ

˵󣬸ղŵĴ³һҲˡ

ǺһЦ˵ﻰΪǰפر߹أһƽҩǮǲյģ˻Ļȥɣ

ХһЦãͻȥǮһ

ûѯĶһֵ֣ǣȥ

һȺʿ˳˵̣һ̳ȥ

ܿͰҶΧ˵ĶԼһ˫۾ѯʣҶֻ΢Цһ£˵ȵˣҲҪ˵һǿɾҪùˣ

ߣ˶һ£ЩǷ˵Ĵڣһŷı죬ЩϰոǶ֡

ҶԺȥҲȥ׷Ȼûɿڣ˵ˣҶ֪㲻ͨˣҲ⣬ֻǣпȥҿƷ˵ǧ𣬻а취ҽ

һֱڸڵׯ԰ʱȥ鿴϶һ쵽棬ҶΪǲˣһҲûȥҲ֪Ů׵ʲôȥͷ˵һᾡģ

ҶҪСЩߣó˷Ҳ֪ļֵοЩˣ̰Щ߸̰ޣҪǧСİ

˵ʵǰҶûֵĶĹӶҪ߼Ķֻ࣬ǣҶҲףͼķⷲҲϡı

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ûʲôˣҳȥѰЩҩģͰɡ

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﷢鲻ν󣬵Ǵȴûôһһİжȹˡ

ϣǶ˹ȥϢˣҶѵŹϣŵԺȥ̤Ժţͣ˽Ų΢΢̧ͷǰеĺɫӰӡ

ӰӷЦ

ҹģ㲻úȥʲôҶʵ

ҪˣһѾ͸ˣֻǸͨķˣǼʶЩˣհ׵СӣķȻɲҪҲ

Ӱǰ۵ʿֻǴʱǵʿӣǺɫӰˣſԭһɫĴߣһ˫ɫ۾һӲš

ҿ͸ˣҶ΢ЦؿߣصˣҲģ㻹߰ɡ

ҿСԴ϶⣬Ȼô˵Щ軰Ҫһˡ

˦βͣдҵȷֱҶҶжʱľһһӷβĺɨ

ҶڵѾȫܸɽʱȣֻһ΢Ķܶ͸еȫơ

սأôֻҪ⣬ҵԶǿֻԼ־ˡ

ľľɽľģԼ֮ɽʱǵ֮㲻ʲôϡķ䣬֮ȴ쳣ԣܿϼľܵĿռǻε

۾ǵƵĵضľ羪κ˰ƽϢôϢȻǷǳǿ󣬵ıȴߣѵ֮ܣô֮˵˭

ߺȻԼһĹ׷ˣǰ;հ׵СӲ򵥣һûзְҶﲻ򵥣оðҶֻǸˣ֪Ķ㣬˵صõЩڿȫԼˣʣһôĽҸղŻûͻȻس֣˵ϻдõıĶˣǷˣ

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ҶڲʺսߵƣҪʲôˣֻȰ㻹߰ɣҲɱ

˶۾ȻŰҶе֪бɱңǹҡˣһԣ򲻹ӣ

ߺϢٴɨβͣǧ֮ƷҶҶ֪жƵģĽһ˫ŷȥβʱ۾һԼٶȻӶľֱӹƤ滮𼸵Ѫۡ

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ڶʮһ ֮

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ȻͣסˣҶȴûͣ£֪ߵЩ

ľľԵȻкܺõ׺ԣҶҲǽһԣԽ壬ڣٶȺǰҲֻʽ

ûпߣǲϵ趯ţ紹𻨣۽ˣľһ⣬ǿеһŰҶ

ĿɿڴؿŰҶǰҶǰһɽֳҪʵ壬֮仹ѭ󷨣ܸ㷶Χڵ۹

߲ҽӣҶˣΪһʼʱ򣬰ҶֻҪһҶϵͻ˲䱬޴ӡ

ȻҶͣסˣǰƯһɵͼԲεΧɢẓ̇תķ֣ڲݺύر鲼·תۼ

Ҷľǰһָͼ㾶ֱ߷ȥߵŴۿŷͼ￪ʼ

ս󡭡ơ

һ󷨻ۡɣԴȪΪǿᾧ磬ҪɣЧá

ǰͼȴûۣҲûȫƾմڣĶֻǸ߼Ľˡ

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вϲ²ǰǲнĸϼһĳϹģѾģͼѹսľ춼Ųˡ

Ȼ䣬ͼ̩ɽѹɵߵͷǰֻ۾ͫȻŴˣȵĲǸͼĹһƬ裬ͼڽӴ֮ǰɢˡ

Ҷӻӽ㻹ߣҲٸһΣ

ͼǰҶýģշ磬ǱԼ巢ǿɾͲֵܱôˣ˵ᷢɡ

㶵ؿɢԼһ糣İҶԾ˿ڿˮһԭȵ۵ʿ

ô㻹򣿡Ҷֱˣɻʵ

ûǰֱӹſڵϣ԰Ҷݼǰ飬ǰ£

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Ҷ˦˦첲ղһ˶еȫЩᣬǸĽˡ

Ҷǰߣ߻ſ˵ôߣ

ſתҶһݣǰмǰȫ

ʲô£

ϣǰΪͣԸźǰҡ

ΪͣҶɻؿΪʲôҪΪͣ

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ĻҶȤ㲻Ʒҩ

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Ȼû̧ͷſڵ϶԰Ҷǰߣò⣬˻βݣܻûɱΣԻǰȫ

Ҷ̾һţȻ̣ȴҲԼ֮ɱһ棬ûжԴ⣬бҪ࣬·

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ڶʮ ƼŮ

ˣˣһʱ䣬Щʱ㣡Ҷ˾˵Ȼ֣Ҳܾ㣬͸Ұɡ

ҶȻн屻ûʵϾֶ˵ֶβͬһ˱ƣһǴҶȴȻؼȻڷֶ˵Ƿǳǿġ

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Ҷߵģ㶣߾ȻŮˣŮˣϢˣβǲܸıԱġ

ޱߣҶʵ

µսޣڷƮƮһɫȹӣûɫҶʻشǣ

ޱ߾ûбߣۿɴơ

Ҷͷ룬óһöˮһĹӣӼСͨڣ˿˿ɫһΧ¶ȶʱ˼֣ӵĵط˰ɫ

󵤣ţкô

Ҷ׳ЩãȻؽ

ߵãȻǶ󵤵ãȻǶ԰ҶãȻ˵ɽеɹĪĺôˮƽٶٿ屶Ĺӣ˵ЩеˡмҶȴôɵؾ͸ɱǸ߼˺üΣ

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ҶĻ㱣˵ѪʳͬʱҲϵҲǼӾ顣

߻һٴι£лǰˣ

ҶһЦˣȻȥ뿪ʱٽ㣬壬뿪ʱٸ㣡

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ʧҶϵŵԼķȥ

ֻǣûݣҶԶһתˮƺŸտʼ

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ڵׯ԰ܴ󣬿ҶߵһƬ֣һʱЩǺţһƬƬҶˮϣżֻܣи˽ǵͤӣͨѵ·ŰߣǴӰ˽ͤ´ġ

Ҷ̫Сĵشǽϻȥ֣˳Աߣſͤµľ

ͤһԲεʯܷʯʣϷһһ̡һŹ٣Աߵĵϣ϶°ͣŹӣܵٵһµŮŮʮģ۾ţŻƷ˵ӰӣׯŶֲʧ㿡ΣĺɫͷƽԺýɫ˿޽ǣͷһ˽

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һʱ䣬ˣһžžͤ𣬰Ҷ۾ͤ￴ȥ

϶֣ð϶ô

۾Ȼţ΢΢һЦǽٸõһ

һᣬ͸鶯ðҶеһִ˼֡

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΢Цŵͷ˵ãۻȥҲ˯ţ͸ҽǸʦܵ£ֻһ룡

ð϶ֵǸʦܿɴˣʦҽֻһܼס

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ֱߵãҶŻعҡҡͷת֣ͨ·ǽصԺнƽϢ˵ȥ˯ˡ

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ڶ죬ʱǸХ˾ʹǮˣ˵æˣֲ˴ֻͣý֮˾ܾĻᶼûУʹ뿪ˡ

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ϣҶ˸ڵеٴηǽȥ⾲ţС϶ȻŻ˵Цò֡

ΰҶע۲һ£⣬岻أҲ۾ʧЩͨĴҴڣǶڻУԳϵðҶ뵽ˡ롱

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⣬ҶԼĹ۲죬ûеӦǴ̥ģǻƷ˵껳̥ʱСĳ˲ɾĶҲǴ˹µĹơ

ȥƽ⣬Ҷڻûд𰸣Ҫٽһز鿴ڵǸﵽʲôϵʲô̶ȣֻ˽ܾ֡

һϣûȰҶȥ˵ҪȥڸΣҶȻӦȥˡ

÷ǽҶӴŽׯ԰߽ׯ԰ţƹɽˮʯڣǵǰãǰã·԰һ·ǲߵһСԺǰҶаǸһ·̣ÿ϶ôԶ𣿡

СԺӣҶԺһѾܴ󣬲֪жٸͷˣһʯͷӣ΢΢ϣ۾ţ֪ʲôԱ϶һ飬ڴԶƷԶһ߹

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ʱվ۾Ȼţã׹Ӻã

ҶסһԼû˵Ҳûô֪Լģ

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ʦܣҲ˰϶Ȼ˹Ҷе

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ҶԱ߿ĺϸΪξˣԭûз⣬ЩʹĲԼԭȵжϻҪأ

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ҶԱ˼ŶԲߣȻ뵽ߣģΪӦܰתƳȥΪȫ԰ѴʱѹһҲܵõһķ

ȷʵԣûָһЩȻڵ״϶ܲתʱģ

Ҷ۾գ˼£Ժбһ·

ʦܣʲôô񣿡϶ȻڰҶʵ

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⵹϶ԤˣΪҶĿ˻ҲôϣҪ缸䣬˭룬Ȼôˣѵм仹ı

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ʦܣȻˣһڽǰ˵ûģƽʱҪúñŶ

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֪ΪʲôҶҲȻЩȣٴε

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ڶʮĽ ҹҩ

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ҶСĲѾˣƵķҲ뵽˴ķ򣬽Ǿʵʩˣڵ׻ΣҲֻа˳ɰգ

ǺǣЦϷ򼴱ֹҲֻɵİգа˳ɵİѾ㹻ˣ

Ʒϲã֪Ϊˣô˵˵ˣͬҲʾԼŮĻˣʱƷ˲źúôŰҶ޳ݰףüĿ㣬ȻŲ£ȴȻ͸ԽԽϲ뵽⺢ӵòĺܿΣҽôӴͽܣӦҲ

϶ŰҶʦܣκ㣿Ҫ˵Ŷ

ҶֹһСӣ˵ʲôȻģ

ҶʵҶʲôҪģ㲻˵˵Ǻ׼

Ҷͷ۾ʱҲһϲã泯ŰҶǽŵ۾ϵĽë΢΢

Ҷ˵Ҫûƹǿ׳ЩӣҪҩĴ䣬Ӧþûƹ۾ؼ

һ£ʵӿؼ

Ʒ˺϶ҲһΣҶͷѣֻҪҩˣʮİա

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ݲݡ⡢׻Լϵˮ

ʲôҩ϶ֵʵ

Щ𣿡ƷҲɻ

ȴûΪʲô˵Щð죬Ҷʲôʱʼҩ

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ȥȡƷйˣհҶҪȥˡ

֮󣬰Ҷ뿪Ҫȥ˿ҶҪԼ׼϶ͻһ˷ܵ˵ЦƷȥˡ

ҶԼصԺķŹغãóһöˮɫĹӣЩӣͷҲӲ࣬С顱

иԣ֮ѹӳˣҲʮֻͷţõŰҶҪõ֮ǰҪһϾҪ˷ã֮Է˵̫߼ҩûʲô

ϣҶֳʮݣСţΪ溬е̫֮࣬Ҷǿɢ˹һ߳ȥʱѾҹʱˣԺƬݵѾ˵ˡ

ʦܣڳˣ㣬ҩǶˣ϶Ҷš

϶ԱǻһǻƷˣվһߣ·̣ŰҶĶ

Ҷ죬˵ʱˣҿʼˣҶȺɣ

ȻΪʲôҪͷհˣǶ۾ҶҩҲǲϣʲô

ҶһΣľˣƽĿʱķ磬Ҷõ׳һȻľ

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мΪ𡢿ݲΪľˮΪˮ׻Ϊ𡢻Ϊⷲ򵥵֮ﱻţӷһмǸš

Ȼɢ΢ܷ֮һ֮Լ˰ʱҶְľſһе

ǣԺ˱һľһˣһİ£һɫľڲݵ趯ͷ裬Ѥõļ⣬ʮŰɫС

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۾ֻһķҲܸܵ鶯õգҶĻҶһ׹ӣлԺһ𣡡

ǺǣС˵ﻰȳ˵

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ʲôһȵʧен

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ŰҶĻ˵һ϶ȻʲôҲԼһҲҶղģڻƷˣѾʼѰҶŮΪŮɷ϶ҲУɵأ¶ϲú˷ܡ

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ڶһ磬Ҷڴ񣬾ӴţȻǻƷˣʵʲôǲСʲô⣿

ƷЦ׹ӣм֪



Ʒ˰ͬе˶ǲ棬԰Źϡ

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һ죬ҶԼǾޣϸϸƷζ롣

ڸڵׯ԰ÿһʱһҩ裬˿ʼʱ岻Ӧ⣬ĶûʲôоֻȣʱܵһС۾Щ飬ʱȻһƬڰܸоڰԽԽˡ

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ĸ׵֣˵ҲŰ׹ӣûʲôίġ

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߳У϶ŻҶúǣŻⲼõ·ȥʣµ򱬷ҵĹϲϵĻƷ˺ʼк硣

·ǺԺһһֱŵķӣȻʱִ٣·Ȼϲ󣬴ϲ֣ʺϲϲϵŴĺԱ߷ŴӣӡҵϲƷ

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ŴνѲͬһ·ΪľˮнѡѡѡԼ֮ѣÿһѺ߶Եı仯

УһͨΪѣΪԪӤںĽѣǶĿ飬ͨٴ̥ǣԿռĸӦкǿңǿȺʵı仯

ڶѵǹ̶ѣһҪľˮѣѵ˳򲢲̶е˿ȾѣеȾˮѣΣҪһģ⣬֮ҲΪ֣бΪֵȡ

Ϊ֮ѣǿһ˵־Ľѣͨ߻ħɥʧ־Ϊʬ⣬ɢͨˣ˵־Ԫ񶼻ָصĳܡ

Ǿһѣһû֪巢ʲôǰĳһѵظҲпǰĳѵظǵڰѡھѵֱӵҲпʲôû׵ضɹˡ˺ѣ֮ĽҲȡˣǽѵصȻǽӽ˷ûԸɽٵģ

ڰǹ̶ѣ֮еĻѣֳƻ֣ǿĶ࣬ɲᱻճɻңԪǶ⣡

ھǷ֮ѣǷĽѣһǰнѵܺͣɲֱӻҷ𣬶ɹˣ׼ɽˡ

Щѣ˹̶Ѳɱ⣬ЩҵĽѶ׼ֻҪƺΪǧ겻ɽҲû⣡

⣬ɹνѵ˱Ϊɣɹڰ˴νѵ򱻳Ϊˣĳƺ˵ǺܾúܾǰһƶģǶɹ˵νѣǬطΪԼֻʣ벽룬ԳưɣǶɹڰ˴νʱŷغ죬Ȼһ֪⣬Գˣ

Ҷϵˣ֪Ѿǰɵʵ

ڰҶ棬Щ̫ӵӺѪūоյ쳣µޣҲѪ֮ѱģ֮쳣УҪϻˣֱӾˡ

ЩӺЩѪūŹ˵ҶȻҲóӵһ£ǿмԦҶ

ҶоѪŨ˼תϣеľ漴ƬƬڽܿ죬һƬưͼն֣Ҷýһɨͼֱ֮ӷǰȥ뱼ڶײͼֱڣЩ޶ʱһ˵ڵأϵʿѪū׷Ȼűɱ

ͻƷԶԶģΪڸտʼʱǾͱŨѪɱƵˣվվȣʱ߿ҲֻǿһƬѪ죬Ӱ

Ӵ˵Ҷ᲻£Ʒ˽ؿţû뵽̫˾ȻôһҶиʲôʧŮô죡

Ҳżϲûбֳǰο˵ҪҶ˵

ƷҲ֪ûȥȻһģ

㳡ϣҶѾЩʿΧЩѪūΧɢѪɫĺط

Ҷ̧̧ͷϵȻвɵţһģȻһʿλ᲻Щħɣ

ҶȻһ̥ڻнȻģɽİƽԭʱһٻɱeֿ֣ħ˼ֲڵѪū߼˲ֹһΣ

ľɽ֮ȷĸӲĶ࣬ЩʿĿױֽͬҶ΢ȻԿԼļɣһһ

ЩʿҶûиϾɱЩѪūҶǼһɱһ֮Ľ̽Ѫū壬ЩųƲļһµѩˣһеֽˣ˻šţһʧɾ

һʱ䣬Щʿ˵ţЩѪūֻʣһҶ𽣼⣬ڿлһԹ⻷Թ⻷ԼٶתȥǸѪūûӦʱ򣬱ͷ­նʼð̣һĹʧɾ

ڰҶ봭ʱһǿѹȻѹҶеĽȻͷֿ忰վȣЩʿȴһѪƬ̣ܵʧɾ˰Ҷֻʣˣ

ڶ

ʮһ ̰Ĳ

ԫ֮ߴ֮һռԪеִϣոնɹѣĵѣ˵ʮˣΪԼƽʱע壬Ѷɹĺ޷ա

죬ɽܲѰЩڰѵķ߲ϣ̶̵꣬ת۾ͻȥȻеǿ棬Ȼ䣬һЩԼϲĶǳչʾһǸͨʾͻˣеʵһΣ

е˵ǣյɽıϾ͸оһ󴿾ǿֱ˲ƹȥһСߣŽǽɢű䡢ܾȣһССķۣڲиǿ󾫴ĲĶܵõĻָ£

еȻΪԼֻǰѶʧĶһһСС߻ıҲɽı˵һöʲôɱˣҲ˵ʲôΪԹЩֱǵжԵ

õǲ֪ıĸӲˣ֪ʲô̺ǿ󴿾ⶫǵڰѸʲô㣬һ볯еĳ嶯

ţָо֮Ծ붼û˲˹ȥһһɽʱֶˣʱ䣬һɽֱӴʮѪūһʿѹԵƣĲȡʤǰѽĶˣ

ԣˣ

ҶͷϺƴѹ۾ſеˣ˭ΪʲôҪץҵˣ

ˣԫһʹߣ͵ļӴһѪô˳ȥ

Ҷۿήң֪˺صˣһŭĽһתԫѹʱһӣһİ趯նС

䡱ԫֵסնİ£һƬ

˦˦֣ԫǰѽˣһ˾˷ӣУǷн磬˭Ķ֣

뵽˴ɵعЦԭȻЩʵݶʱԵ

СӣҪΪնɱѪūܽҿɱǿ˲ֹٱ

ҶվӣǿǧҲ£

ԫЦһ˦ֱӱ棬¡һ㳡ϵʯһӱҳһһϢ΢

ҶӪȣ˵ʵ̫ǿ˼ϲЩˣûнһƴȴе쳣֣

ԫûмᣬǰѽǿʲôز԰˦º˫ֱһʮָһָɣսƣ

ֻʱ䣬ǽƾͳҶ˳ȥһɵĺ֩һĽƣҷ磬˲͵˰Ҷǰ

Ҷһֱţǽ̫죬ľƶһ£ƾʹ˽ϣһӱˣһģЩڵϡ

Ҷͣϵԫ۾һٴνһȸղŻҪǿĽɣЩ˰Ҷ׼ʱ䣬ðҶг׼ӭһ

ǡ䡱һҶˣֱײǽϣǽ涼̮ȥǽϵĽҡҡ׹

ȻĳɵĹˣ⽣ҪˣԫеϲüֱȶɹѻҪ˷ܣûǰҶֻǰѽ

ҶѪеڷҲЩ㱣ǰľʱʱģʹ쳣

ѵŲһ壬ҶݵǽлλƵֲ߳˲ǵѪЩɻ󣬲Ƭ̺Ǳ¶Цݣ̧ͷ˷ܵˣƽʵ˭Ŀģ

֣ǰһץҶ˱㱻һӷɵߡ

˭ǺǣûбҪ֪ĿģǺܼ򵥣

ԫһֻ֣ǰһץҶеľԶľʲôǻֱӸҶɵľԣ˭ãԫЩ͵ذľץֺһ˦ѰҶһ˦˵ϡ

ûҳӣҶҲоԼ·ɢ˼ܣѵشӵµѪǺЦš

ϵԫĻϲشеĽҶЦɻ¿ȥʱ۾ǲ˼飡

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ֻҶһɫӣм֣ҶߣɫĹâתǵɫǻƮɢǿ֮ʡ

ɽɽϵǷ¹ģӺе֮ľҪǿĶ࣬뿳ϵʱ̣ܶûʲôʧڷó֮ʱֳɽ翴ľ

ҶǺЦţ֧壬ԭҪǰѽΪʲô˵أΪʲôҪأ

ԫİҶֿǸǿӣЩ벻ͨΪʲôı֣ΪʲôǻһУΪʲôղԼûз֡

һӿ

˭Ҷ΢Цúƽš

ȸ˭Щģģԫ漴ʵ

Ȼشңұش㣡Ҷ˵

ԫܸоҶڵ״һϢݣ֮վǿɢ֧š

ãҸ㣬ǶռԪɵִԫԫİҶ۾׹⡣

ҪĴ𰸣ҶкȻӿһͷô˵ˣǲǴڡ

Ҷ룬ԫѾɱֻҪû˿Ͳ֪ģĴɽ˵ҲЩϣߣ

˭ԫѽһᣬʵϵؾͰѹ㳡гһĺۼ

ȻǰѺýҶеӣиӻȡ

˭Ǻǣʵ㣬ǡˡҶ΢ЦؿϾǲм

ԫظоҶֳĳЦ벻м˵ˣԫ㡰Ц

ˣ˵ˣãˣҶڰеĶó

㡭Ҫ𣿡

Ȼı߾֮˵ƥңԻᱣƽ԰ɽȥɾͳϣ

ϣǺǣûȤҰѶóҲû˰ɣҶ˼ָһЩӾ׼ϡ

ԫ˿⣬Ц˵ô˵ҪԼı֣

𣿡ҶȻ⡣

ԫشϽ䣬ȻɣҪΪʴȣΪ飬͵ҶˣӦնݳ

Ŷźˣ

Ҷ΢Цؿȴ˱䡣

еỮһĨϹ⣬ҶӵɱʣīյɻƬ̼䣬һֵֻĴɫϻγˡ

ϻγɺ󣬰ҶѪЩѪϻϣһͬʱҶȫùˣֱֱصȥϻ㣬һ˫Ƶ۾ŲԶԫ

ԫЦţƣѾҰޣˣ

˵գеľ㻮˳ȥһдӽϷɳȻû棬ϵʯȴһһѿ

Ҷһ£ѪЦ㣿Ǻǣȷʵǻ㡭ȡϧĻӦܸǿһЩҲˡ

޵ֶӻѧģɵ޿ɲֻ̺ơ󷨣ЩƵ£ءܵȵȻû˵һϻֻǴʱİҶѾĲ롣

ԫûҶֻǾȵؿһȻ鶯ض㿪ԼĹﳯԼУϻһ

ĻԫֱĨˣ֪ǻԫǲм

ʲôĳطˣϲ̨棡

͵һ֣ͬһ磬ǰȥϻٴζ㿪Լٶȣ˸ţ

ɲţ

ԫܣֱ֣ӭϻһȭҽϻɫС

ҶѾɵϻһȭıĽƺ󷨰ԼҶԭ³ѪԫҲմࡣ

СӣϻûˣʲôУʹԫ˿ϵѪһҶȥ

Ҷһذ̺ã΢Ц˵ҪҶˣûҪٷˣ

Ŷ׼𣿡ԫʱﻹиտʼɷǣһⲻЩɽҰǿ

ԼףҸ㣬ûҵıһ˶øᣬڰжóҴŶ뿪

Ҷؿҡҡͷ˵ˣ㣡

ԫҶµģʵڲˬҪٽɱˣǣȻ䣬˸սоһӱˣǣĽôҲٲ

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ԫ֪ҶʲôĵȴڲһǰδеĿ־弫ϯ

ò֣Ȼ֪ȴ壬ʱᵹ£ΪѾоһ˿

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ΪûˡҶȻЦ

ҶЦԫֻеϸӵı䣬㡭ҽ⿪ҴӦɱ㡭

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Ҷ¶˽װܸȤʵ˵˵ʲôô

ԫæ˵Уһܵȥ޳ɳ֮㲻Уҿ԰ҵĻʵ۰⵹˳Ļʵۣ˼ٻ㲻ȨҸĲƸҪŮҲУҶܸ㡭

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Ҷ̾һҡҡͷа˾ģ

뵽ԷۣԶһɽͨΨһͨڣ·̺ˣֻҪϹܿҪǴµظ·ҪնսޣֻҪܵ

ܱ˵ĳɹô˵ǽվ쿹˼𣿡

ҶŽ¶ֺԫһ󱯰ǶԼǶԫȻԵȴ˿֪νнı

˵ˣҶԫĻ˵ʵ㣬˽

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ҶֻЦЦһӣԼԫڵϵľջУҶ˿ԫһ㶣Ȼת壬ڰҶǰռԪԫ飬ǰԭ¡

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һɽ綼ǴԣôĶ֪

ԭ£ûţһſԱߣѾǸ˳ҶԫĶԻһԼ˵ˣԫαӣµȻԭ£ǲԭ£

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Ҷͷ˵֪ڻ£ȶãԺ˵

ܵ˰ҶĹУӿһжæ˵ǣ

ȻˣʩչһЩֻһ֣ԫȥٴηû󵤣ֱȥԼá

ˣɱɣᳶ϶ЩαͬһģɾЩҲ޴ӵ֪ˣ󵤺ֱӽ

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㶣һǰҶԼĳƺǰҶĽ顣

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Щ˺ܿͷ˰ҶǣȻǲ֪ߺԫ˭ҶһӦòʲôΣա

ͻƷҶԣ˵ְ˰ҶϣƷţҶû°ɣû°ɣ

ҶоǵĹģ΢Цʦû£ֻˣϢһʱˣ

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ҶȻ˵ʵȴкصˣҲ˽ңҪǽıɱˡ

˵ҶԼҲ֣˽⣬һԽû˵һظģɾڸղţشʱԵظо˽ֻ֪ҪѾѪǿ϶ڵĽҲһ֣ѪȻ󣬵ȴģ˵Ŀɰѽų

Ҷ֪һԣǣܸڻϣѹߵԪ񣬰ҶûԪҲ֪Լ

ԫճ˰ҶľѪĽȻУȻ٣ԫ˵Ѿ㹻ΪˣϾ˶ܽģοֻǸеķˣ

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ҶֻߵͷĻƷԼȥ

߶˵ԼǰҶˣԱߵͷҲǣܵȻװҶˣûҲǳȥʣµЩʬ壬߿˿Աήҵԫ˵н˸ɵģͨ

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룬ԼҲЩ˼飬ղԼվûУΪȻˣ

ʱҲˣҶƿţ·

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ңҶûкӣȻýһС

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ҶԼҲýҶоá

԰ɣ

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Ҷ֪ᷢڻѪ֮ϵ˼£˵ûˣѪ³ЩҲɢһЩ

оȷʵ泩ޱȣҩɢˣоˬǰ䣬ˬ˵ĳ졣

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۾ԽԽˮ顢͸鶯͸崿һãȻһɻ󣬻һϲĸｻ֯ҲԱߵİҶ˽ȥ

ҵķ߶ͣ˰ҶϣЩ԰׵촽΢΢̵ͦıӡºƮͷЩڻӰӣԽԽԽԽʵ

ҶͬŻԭȵĻѾԣ۾ʮ㣬һղܵĸоļ䡣

Ȼʶܹż죬ȴо˴ʶ£һ飿



ĹٸԹ㳡˲ûôϾǣ̫ӡ黹пֲصн磬Щ˸ܲˣԸɴ಻ŲʣЩʬ嶼ᵽʬ¡

ҶͻĻȻ⣬˵ҲûܶӰ죬ϵȻֵؽϲ硣

Ҫ˵˵ˣǰҶҲǻǻƷˣŮ޸һԼˣҾŮһĲҲɫΪĸףϲԼķ˺óóʱ䡣

Ҳסҩ̵ĺԺҶйֽСԪ夡һֺʺĹԫԼţͷסԼӵԱߣһСߵĻ˵ֻŹ

ڶ

ʮ ջؾ

۾սӴһ㣬κζ˺棬Ҷʱʱ̸̿ߣ˵ʲôǺɫʲôɫʲôɫǰֻ磬ʱɫʰ쵵س֣ʱЦʱҶֻԱ߾ؿţƽϢԼļ

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ھҪֵֻ֪Ķʵϵ⾰֡

ڶԱεʱʱ˵Ц˵ڽĻƷŮŮĻЦһο



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̫Ӽææʦķսݣ͸оһ䣬˵߰˸ŮˣԼʮֳ谮ǸҲڣʱǶţһ˫˫ѩ״ȶŵĺܿʮַչʾǵ֮

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һͷŮˣһߺ˵˺ܲǻƼҵܹҪģֻҪǻؾұа취

Ҫʲô

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˵꣬죬ЦУɹҲν

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ãã߰ɣ첻ҪңʦҿҪͻˣһ˫۾ź⣬ͷȻһ߶೤

ϲʦ壬һúܣʦ尲

̫쳣˳䣬СĵذŹغãȻкʿرκӰ˭Ļɱ⣡

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ʿȥˣ̫صԼķ䣬·ǧɵʹԼţһ̽鼴ŋ춴˵ϢǰʱעƼҵĶ̬

Լţ̫ûʲôҪ˵ǲʲôƲߣ̫ϲǣһ˹Ȼ˵һܸȤ顣

Ǹ˵ύУһգкǿ书н˶Ҵ򣬲ȴн˷ȥ书ӣƼҺнĹϵ

̫ͷǸ˽ϢȻЩˣԴΪͻƿڣʼж

ûãǱƶļƻ



Ҷǵг̲·Ͼܶ࣬ǳ˳Է⣬ûôͣƥܶ࣬㹻ЩηϢģʱ䣬ڵ˾ǡ

Ҷһμ˷˼䶼Уˣʲô˶УŮ١߰ݡɫɫðҶ۾Щˡ

ͬĻлһ˫۾Ҳҹʱԭеʱʵ龰̫࣬ò֮̾

ܵȻܶ࣬ûӰǶ٣ֱӴȺУûñ鸮ǰͣ

յõϢĻ鲻֪ΪʲôŸյ˾͵ˣæȥӭӣŮһ˫鶯۾һεһʱסˣ˺һᣬѹԲɣ¶ϲЦݡ

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˸·һһȥϢˣѾ߸ϹæȥԼšŮŮ쵽Ժ

˽˱ԺҶ񣬻Ҳǵһμ׵òҶһͬʱʹҲ̲סʣæˡ

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Ʒ˿Ůɷȶ㿪ʼɷ˵ôԭ˵󣬻нܱ㿴ŰҶҶн𣿡

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ʻҶѾ׼˵ѣǴʵ˵ϾѾһˣûҪȥ

ҶվΪǼ˾ۻᣬЩѾǶڣҶԺ޹˼ɵؽ

ǰûʼҵҲûô𣬵ѾһˣҴ㽲ףϣҪš

нˣȴн磬ɽ磬ɽҰ׼ң׼ɽ壬кܴ

ȴһκη֮˻硭

ҶؽԼ飬ĸԼȵؿг˲˼顣

ڶ԰Ҷе˼ͬʱҲڸ̾˵ĲΪʲôĸȫǷǳǿĴڣƫƫһǸôķ

ţǰľʧȡϧǸȫǾ˰ԼɷСճӤĲࣿıҪ

ƷҲоˣڶԼŮȫ޻˵ЩԼŮ޸ݣͿΪ͹ˣȻЩȫǰҶԼ˵ģƷ˲Ϊʲôٵġ

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ԣ󵱰ҶʱнܹЦߵҶԱߣļ˵Ҷ޸㣬ҲҵŮߣĶ˵Һһ

ҶԼЩ㶣ԭԼľķӦҪôΪԼ˶ȲѣҪô᲻ѯɽ飬ҪôԼ֤ҪôԼмһˡ

ķӦҶףҲȴûб뷨ʱԳǲ̫뻯ˣûȻûԼɽ磬ûԼ֤ûԼǷеֻǼ򵥶ֱӵĳϣ

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Ҷ۾һ˹ƽϢеĲЦɾƣ

Ҷ΢΢һΣһСɿɰɫ«Уʱӿϼ˸

нһ㶣ȻЦðû뵽һлһɽľơҶ˵ɾƸôȣⶫڰɡ

ļʶҶ΢Цصͷ˵ǲֱڣ̫أֻҪɾƶһ̳ˮˡ

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нܰһߵԱߵķһ̳ߵ⣬иС˵أԱпСƬ̣̳װ˾ˮ

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ҶһɾƣѺ«ϣѺ«սУǾˮͻһ̳ƽƽľˮʱ磬ܿƵϼ̳ɢ

氡ˮȻôɾˣ̳Աţɵ̾š

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ҪƱʲôнһЦֱӱ̳ӹ

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нܹЦƬ̣ȻҶʵҶ֪벻ͽܣ

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壬а취ΣҲ˵ƲƶҪκˣͱ¾ʹ࣬ȵʹ࣡

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ҪƣȻʵ˼˵Ǹκõģӵɹ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ġ

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Ҷվڻ԰ߣ˿ϣ֪ʱˣҲ԰룬Զš

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ԽԽ㣬ܸоƤԽԽǧֻƵģ˿Ϊ

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԰Ҷ趯ʵȻоѹһǧ磬ۻҵƣûʲôκͶ˵ҶÿһҪ˹ȥ

ʵֱǰҶֻоضҪֹһ㣬ȻֻǼ򵥵һȴĸо޴ɶ㣬ѣѹʱʱ̶̿ѹŰҶ趯

书Ȼѹֵ常˵еǿߣĳЩ߸ǿֻؼƾ輼ɣܶ߶Ȳˡ

˲䣬ľཻԺӶʱһ˿綼ûУ

䡭

Ƭ̺Ժ磬һӱʮǱ



ҶʶЦһżıȽ˻ࡣ

ڶ

ʮ ֮ɽ

ҶȻڲǰ裬˵ڵ״ǰҪãȻκβ㣡ʺǺЦ

Ҷľ˵常еļ˼书ںϣҿʮĻͷЧ˴ܶ࣬ȴϰ꣬Ƿˣ

İҶļ˵Ҷʵ˵⹦򲢲Ҵģҵʱһɽзֵġ

Ա߻нʵһֱǸɽ𣿡

ûʵͷ

ɽҶֵʵ

ûɽܷԲﶼụֻ̂ǸɽһԻԻ˵ﱻϲˣ˶᲻ա

ʿʼ伸ʮǰ飬ʱѪʱڣʶԻ˵ʵôס

Ի˵ԭĺˣҵ˱ֿܵ䡣

Ĺ£٣ʶȤʣĲ壿ʲô壿أ

ԻУóҾƺͿ⣬˵һ壬ʱǻиֽг壬˶ܳٶΪĳ飬죬ǽɱ¾ҴĶҷˡֻҴҲûãΪ˶︽ҲȥҲֱڣԲֻʣһˡ

ʲô飬Ȼ죿

ΪӦŭԹģаӦòֻû뵽ԻֻǶ˵ߣҴȥ

ʺظԻɽɽ϶ͷӣ϶ʯͷûжٲݣҲߡ

һʱʷǰȻʣͬʱҲ

ԭһɽҵǾ죬ɽˣҲͳӣ

ɽܸߣʻͷܿããƺɽͷȴֻʣһ룬һȫʧмпĵطֱƽʲô

ЩҴˣ԰٣֪죬ĵ˱ܿͱϡ

Իָǰ⻬羵ͱ˵

ңңȥֻͱƺЩӰԾǰ˼ĽˣŷЩЩͼĸеѧؼ

ʰⲻѧͼӰ𣿷˵ѧٸ߳ҲȲЩ˵е߰ĸܷѵΪͱ𣿡

ǲǺ֣򵥶һĿȻѧȴʣԻ۾ͱڣЩ롣

ǿģǻ۽ᾧظӦ

ۿЩͼӰһʽƣȷʵѧʣһȫѧ꣬ȴ֪Ķʲôʵ

Ի̾ϢһЩЦ˵أͬϧȻصĵٲ֮أ

⣬ҲЩдأҲأţظһ˿Ļᣬͣץסһ˿Ļᣬؿ£غȻôҲ㲻ȥջǹء

ԻЩؿʣ˺һᣬȻЦһ˼ˣ˼ɣϣջ񣡡

д⣬Щͼβ򵥣ֻǲ֪οڡ

ʳһᰴʱҲˣ

ǣԻʣɽ򿿽ͱڣϸͼӰʼ

ʵľһߺɾƣһ߻ţ˺ðŽһŵĻʵ壬ǸԻôˣ

ҡҡͷ˵ֻһȻɽԺҲû

Ҷв߶ţɽɽ˾Ȼʡֻ˻

ҶȥʶʶǸ嵽Ǹʲô䣿

ʿҶ˼ı飬ЦҶǲҲͱϵͼӰ

ȷʵʶһ¡

ǺǣǰġһݣҵǸø㣬Լο

Ҷæ˵Ƕлˣ

˵лҪ˵ģҿһҲ˵ˣ

нæס۲Щ£ֵѣֵףǲ飡

ʹһЦ룬ֱӹ

ҶҲڵغţ򰵰ţ쿹

ڶ

ʮ 

תۺüȥˣǼʶʵ˶ȵطзϵ˾Ȼȫˣ֮Ҳⲻ˴ԭֻЦЦûЩ

Ȼ׼ţˣԭʱ⣬ˣܵӣЩ˵УʼȻһЩ˵Ĳ

Ȼģϲûгʲô״ʳ˵¶¶⣬϶鸮ŰҶҵɾƣĻ˵ȥһҲ벻ˣ

⣬ʰġͱͼӰø˰ҶҶҲ

ЩͼӰȷʵܼ򵥣һСҲܺܿѧᣬҶǰʱû˿о˵ıʱ΢΢ЩдһʣôҲץסĸо

û飬ҶͼӰһԵĻȻ붨ˣùͼӰһ鶼û꣬Ȼͽĳʧ״̬С

ҶӶݵ붨ʱԼӾȻҲ붨ˣʮֺ棬ΪûʼԼҲû붨ô£

ƺ֪ҶڿԼһ˹۾ҶͷҶڶԼɼʲôأ

Ҷգգ۾ղʲôôһ۾Ͼͳһɣ

ɣװҶ˵ʲôùԱߵͼӰ˵ҿ˿Ȼ;úоʲôȻͲ֪ʧˡһ

˵˵ţԼҲú֡

Ҷһ㶣Ȼ¶ϲı飬æʵ㿴ٶǵö٣

գգۣȻסһ૵֣ҵļӦòģôڲôǵأ

㿴˶٣

ùͼӰ˼ҳ˵Щ

Щ֮һҶ¾ȣ˵԰

Ҷ˵ʲôɻʵ

ҶЦЦץ֣ʵ̫ˣĻ϶Ǹţ

ԣǺǣûж

ǺǣһԾģ龫£ع֮

ۣʮָˣʵ˵֪Ҷݺ͵λʱܾԼ䲻ϾҶɽҲӵܣԼһСС֮䣿оʮֵĿУһ죬ԼҲͨ쳹صı죬Ҷݡ

Ҷ磬ȻˣͿЩаɣ

ҶЦŵͷףСʧȫо磬ʮʱ䣬Щԭ΢ĸоʽǿⱾҲĳǴӳ֮ʾͿʼģڣ۾ˣ۾ܵϢǰİٱ֮ǰоЩȳ˸أ˲Ŵﵽعɾ

ͬʱҶҲƺΪʲôԼһۼʱᱻסǾΪصںϣҶ׷ѰͻȻôںϵˣȻᱻ֮Ȼ˰Ľ֮飬ΪصıܸӦȻҲҶϢˣǲųΪһԣ

֮󣬰Ҷû̻ЩͼӰΪʲôҶûн͡

Ҷֻ˵ǻ۷ǷЩͼӰֻǷָ˸ص򵼣޳ɴˣЩͼӰǱҪģ޵˴ˣЩͼӰͱȫǡһ˲ЩָͼӰңҲȴһı죬ζס⾳ƺıܣ츳ţ

Ҷظ̾һ䡰죬ˡ

ҶͻûһֱҲȥι䣬ʶĶУ˶ûĺӣÿһϡ棬Ǵ·ǵȥɽŵ꣬ǸлͳĶӣ󣬴СڻƼҳ󣬸ҲϤ

ʮ꣬ǰˣǲǺӣɵҡͷ

ͷй䣬ʶֶϡľԵġȵġģһ٣Ȼ࣬Ҹû˵ĵطҶһɨǾһ֪ҶȻһȴû˵ʲôֻĽ

죬Ȼڽй䣬ԶҴææˣʵЩҪȥʲô

˿˵ŶӦȥ⿴ġ

ҶͻźȻ⼸ˣȻˡ

ȥ֪ͨˣڱнĴι䣬ˣ

ҶЦ˵Ҳȥ



ǣ˱ЩæߵһУ䳡ȥ

ڶ

ʮĽ 䳡

Ҷ˺ðŵ棬Զĵطɽ˺Ⲣûо෴ľȳҪĶֻ࣬ԵģҲбȽϴĳ

У䳡ԭǾǽǨ˱𴦣ҲͿڣѾǰˡ

С㣬ү˺öడôȥǰ棬ƺ϶뼷ȥˡ

ҶҲýȥˣ˵ǾΧתתɣҲкģ

У䳡ȷʵкܶˣЩģԺ֣١

ֻǣûȰҶԶһǽסˣҶعͷȻʡ

ʴŴӻƼҽһɫһȺʿһ

Ҷͻ˹ȥʵ̰棬ǼӰ

ҶͻһЦҶ˵壬ⲻ𣬺Ǻǣ

ȻˣǾ͸һȥɣ٣ҲУ

˵ţʱԱߵһʮ˵лǻŮŮҲҵ

лһɫ£źɫ԰Ҷͻͷ˵֮󣬹Ȼ鴫

Ҷͻелã

ðɣһȥɣ

˵ձ˳ȥҶ֣Ȼ䣬оڿԼûŤͷ鿴۾֣ⷢлߵһʮԼüͷʱţʱš

˵ĸǮ꣬ԭֻЩС֮֯ϵԽԽ࣬ҲؾЩԣЩ˽ģֵ˶֪

ǮΪָȨ͵λȻӹɣʵĳʮֵĲǰһؤ·һӶοҪһУֻ̫֪ʣҲ÷Ĭˡ

˭룬ԭݲؤҡһȻ˷εʿǮھȵͬʱҲӵĲĴԣʲʱҧгݣ

ڿʸҶͻô׽ǮȻڰҶϴ⣬йһԼеĲ

ҶǸԼ˲û⣬Ż˽У䳡档

Ȼ˼ı䣬ҶȻŨ񣬵ͨѧ˼Ĵ󲿷ѧҲ뿴ǲǻиɽûӴĶ

У䳡һƽ̨ȻǱ֮أܣĹ̨⣬ĵطǿƽأʱЩƽ϶Ѿˡ

Ҷ˹̨ΪαĹģˣԳʿһЩԱ˺ǰЩ˶еλģȻڹ̨һϯ֮أҶͻΪǰ룬Ҳλӣʺ棬һñȰҶǿʮֵɻͲΪʲôëͷǻǰ

ȻЩ˽֪˰Ҷͻ֮ʵһЩлǲ⣬һֱע۲Ǯ꿴ΣгЦ⡣

Ҷʵûоʲôº󣬱˼䣬֮ʾͺһԵҶͻ˵Ļ

Ǯ꿴ҶͻиӲˬʲôطȻ

⻰ȻͣҶܵһЩȻһЩҶ˿Ȼ˵ţҲҶվɴţǮ̣

˵ߣĳϣܿͿʼ˱Ҷֻһᣬҡҡͷտʼ˶ЩҲᣬҪȵʱܳİɣ

ҶҲ˵ָָ㡣

ǣֱһҶҲһ죬Լ˱ڱغؼˡ

Ҷ磬ǲǲЩӰʵ

ҶЦ˵Щʲôӣֻİˣǣ˵һ뿴Щ˷ŭʱʲôأ

һЦҶԭҲй۰

⻰ҶֹıӣЦҵĹۻأҪҪ

Ҫ˵ţЦܿˣҶæ׷ϡ

һԺԹүСĴΣ˵Ҳǣ˵ҲǣֻεشţװƣˣҲֻӲͷƤϡ

ʱнܴһϢʵŰҶͻҪԿ²׻ʵ˼ĻнЩ㷲֪һǺûǻҶȴûʲôоͽܺ˼ȵߵʲôأ

ڶ

ʮ ̸Ц֮

빬ڴʱ԰ҶҲ׼ʲôͻһнܷ򸾣Լ䡣

ɽͼӰҲȫһ飬ȴЩɵķ⻹֮Եкôڶظһ¥ʱ򡣡

ͷԴӻָӾڵһֱѹţʹຮȻڣѾȫܹܣڣЩͼӰĸо泩о䣬ҲһԹ۰ĸо

Ҷѻ򴫸֮˻а£֮ҶҲʼͬ塣

ڶ죬˫˫붨Ȼ˯ߣ֮˯߸ָܻƣͣѺ˴Լһͬ˼ţȥУ䳡ȻҲţϾʱСС

ͬһҶûпĶ˳ԶϢ⣬϶һֱͻ죬ֱһı

Ϊø˲ǸǮȻһֱЦţЦȴôҲⲻ

ˣˣֱ˵죬ҲǱһ죬ҶŶһ³ΣлЩʧͬʱҲ뵽һ㣬Щˮ׼˲ںʲô䣬ȻҲͿܲ֡

ԣҶȻأܵ۹⡣

׹ӣ֪Ƿͨѧһ˺ȻҶʵ

Ҷת֪źȻֵģƺǮϤ⣬ҶЦͨ˻ʰ

ҶЦŴͨңֻ֪һ

ǰ׹Ƿ֪ڳе˸ʹʲô书

ҶûȥأΪڸտʼʱ͹۲ˣ˵һʹȭһʹ΢ƣ˵Ĺ൱㲻

ŰҶָǸֻüͷ漴ָʵǰ׹Ƿܲ³˭Ӯ

Ǹȭġ

Ϊʲô

䣬оʤֳźţȻǴȭʤˣ˲֪ǰҶϵģǸոտģҲʡ

ųˣ˸ʣҶ˵һõѰһľ佣ǰ߸սңתƳǰȻðɹ곤أϧȫѾǶ֣ԣǰʤ

ҶϲؽһѣѯʵĻᣬȰҶ˵ˣе˲Ÿոս֣ܵǸˣһĲţʹľ佣ǰǸʹѰĲǸȥǸͷ࣬ôܻӮ

ΪҶǸǮҲˣҶǾɻ󣬾ΪҶѧ٩٩ϤӣҪ֪Щѧ˼ҵĲ֮ѧ˶֪һЩĶҶƺʶ֪ɻΪҶĲ²⣬ǮҲ˵ģҲģؿⳡĵϸֻ벻ҶȻ˵ôˣĽˡ

Ǯж԰Ҷ˶壺ʶܶЩȴǸôţҫëͷСӣ

ŲмǮųеıԣҲؿţ̸֪СӵĻǼ١

һĹ𣬹ȻǸͷӮˣ̺ͱҶ޶ʻͷЦŶ԰Ҷ˵ҶҶû

Ҷֻ֪ĶЩǰǵıҲע⵽ˣԲܲµ

ҶĻ䣬ˣ£ܵ˶ҶҲţƽ̵˵ʱߵŮʤ

ܵ˶סˡ

УһһŮеǳǰܵ˻϶ʶŮģĬĬ֮ǰıҲƽƽΪλʤ

ʶǶˣǸʵ

ʶ

жϳģ

ҶûнͣЦ˵֪ˣֻʱ

˵ձ㲻˵ĻҲѧֻ쳣͵ЦҶ磬ˣˣ

ҶһСӣЦû˵

ʱ󣬹ȻҶ˵ŮʤˣЩܵһ϶ŷˣĻ϶ðҶ϶ʲôֶ֪˽ǲŰҶֵ֪ʵ

һԵǮ̲סˣҶֶ书ҲΪʲôμӱأҪ֪ϰ֮Ҫľǽֻ໥вܵõ

ǸҲͬʱ˵԰ڶ԰׹ӿνͶˣ֪׹ܷһķǳʶһ¡

Ҷܾȴ͵ͣ۾ԶȺȥƬ̣ŵԣҪһᡣ

ڶ

ʮ ;֮

Ҷ˵³ǮǸ˶һЦͷڴӣҶ֮ܿ֡һЦĬ

ļܿˣҶûۣʱʱسȺеһȥԱߵĻʵҶ磬ôˣ

ҶЦЦ˵ûʲôѧϰ֡

ãЩ˵ıڽˣΪֻдԣڽûбҪǱȳһһֱ֮󣬴Ҳ֪ණҪЩǰı֣Ҫһ³ȥЩĽ¶֡

念ǽָ״̬Ȼ̰ͼĽǺڴģֵ³ֻǺǺһЦ뿪ϯλ

ʽһЩ֪һЩʶˣҲܿԱ˵Ŀ֪ȥݵ˾ȻҶԴ붫ʤȥЩߣȻˣǺûܸϵϵġ

ʵΰнĲܵ￪

ıɽ棬˭ϾϣȻҪһһؽС

һȥʱȽϵǸʹѰˣȻǰ©ʴĺɣʱָ䣬˲һֿ˶һ񣬱̨뿪ˡ

̨ͬ߱ԣָ㣬ǰԵ˻ࡣ

ߵʱصͷ˵ܰǱȲϵģ

һߵĸǮЩ˼ؿųУȻһм˼ʮָֻ˼

ۿ۷׷ףĽ

ʱҶһվϣһһֲ·ɵ̨ϣʶ

Ҷ磬ôˣ

ţȥӦ

˵գҶȥ˲ûѯʣֻǺؿ

վŸոˣһǰδеѹȻ𣬲ûкˣϷ¶΢Ц

ɣʹң˵ҲСȴ׵شÿ˵Ķ

̨ϵͬʱһ

ȻһЦãСˣ

˵գʵһʹȫ֪ǰ˲򵥡

˲䣬ʵȭͷſε˵ǰ˲㣬˲֣顱һסʵѸ͹

һЦ

ʳֻһʹǧ֮˵ļѹȥȻûӲӲؽסʵһš

ȻʱʵĹԽԽѸֶͣԽԽۻңϣʱЩ˲֪ʲ˵ġ

ǸӾȳеˣ׷ʵ˭ô

ԽԽǿĽڲտʼһУʼʱθղź񣬲ָ˱ˣ˱ָˡ

ԽԽңȻ˽еǰñɣ

˵꣬һѳȺзɳֱǰķϡ

ûоܾץ˹ȵСˣ

ûԥֱʹˡһȻֵǿƣض

˵¶˾ȵɫȻûжϵĽȴ˷̬ɫǶһĳϡ

ȻߵİҶɫһ䣬һͣ

䡱һеĽȻѿһѪѸײڶ֮ƴϣȻ㣬ȻоѹԼƶˣֻؿЩѪԼС

ҶٵȥȺӰһӰ˷ֿҲˣһһŮŮ˼£Ȼóһźɫҩ£еŭĿؿʡ

аħҪң˵գֱֱһȭȭͷϷɳһ⣬ֱʣȫһǿƽסƶˣ׷ʲô

䣡ǵڰ;бһնϣҶһѽվ

壬ȵһԣ

Ҷô£

ҶȺпһۣҡҡͷ˵ӦǱݺˣǰѽƵģصĺҲûЩ˶ʧˡ

쵰ʲôЩѽҩóվŵǸһȭ

ڶ

ʮ߽ ֮ս

Ҷһֱӭǵ⡣

ԡһҶеĽϳء

õǷһͨľսԿߵȭȻ۶ϣҶ仹һѽһѵϻһ˺ӧǹǸղӳߵıõġ

ûЩԴϴδ󣬰Ҷ֪ЩΪǿʵʲô鶼һ֮Ҳ⣬ұ֤ЩǷҲǣԼⲻһսڻŲΪ֪ıʵڲǡ

Լȭֱ˿ʼӰҶһ÷ıסߵĽ˵˺ܲ򵥡

ָ֣ſ˿˿ĵָƣžԽԽ죬ܵĿռ￪ʼϱ任ϼ⡣

һܵЩս֪ǵˣɾߣ

Ǵ˵еĶߡ

̨ϵЩҲ׷վȵʲôΪʲôҪǲκһ𣿡

ǮҲһľԵҡͷ

һᣬѪĽҩ䣬

Ҷ㲻Ϊʲôܺú̸̸

аʲô̸ģѡ񣬽ǲ

Ҷ̾ϢԵͷֱ࣬ӣǽͨģ

ҶɰĿ⿴һŮģֻǸŮֲϵڵϵǸ˵ؿڣһ˫°۵СֲʱɫĹâϾ

Ӧѡаɣʱȭͷʱշĵߣƾ߱

Ҷ۾һУĽ˲ɳ⽣ȻǷɢҶѽԼɢȻЩ˵Ŀ֮£һ㻹пܵġ

ûտʼʱӲӲŽת顭СĿռ趯˲䣬ǷϾȻҲðһ˿ĵ𻨣ҶŶܵĶ羶ֱ֮ơ

ԭΪǰˣǣ缴Ҷ˲䣬һ˿ȻȫԼĿƣԭȵķԱ߳һ㣬˫˫ʯ̨ϣʱһ

⣿϶ǵģֻǶһ£ִ磬ȵǣҶȻˣһýһԭںϵĺӧǹ

ЦΪʹʵɣ

Цţٴ֮Ҷ

ҶеĽʱʱҶǹʱǰʱˣĽ֮ǰðһ˿𻨣ǹǵ⣬Ȼ˫һǹһһһңŰҶ壬䵽˺棬ԭƽʯ̨ӡ

Щ˲ɵģǸһĲ˼飬ûһ˾ȻôݵʱôදһȷȷʵʵذԼĹȥ

ҶûֹֻͣŤһ£ǰѵҲҶȷʵҧס˵ѣŰҶͷʱŤ£ǵҲŵ⡣

ֽǹﻹҧһѵͬʱ趯һɢ˿

˵ȻԴУе֩һǵصʽΧҶͲˣ

ʵϣĽȷʵЧˣҶĽˣǹˣҲˣεĶ죬ܵҲܿĶ

ԶĿ̨ϣ͵Ľе

ԱߵǮͬһľĵ

һߵҲǴеīҵǹ

ǱΪĽĵҲΪ𣬶īҵǹͬǹ֮ĳƺţ־ѧǲ֮أҲ࣬ǵͷȴ쵱ġ

λľУܵͬ־ѧдǿųеİҶнѾþȱʾˡ

һʹһѧԻΪޣʹĻǾ񻰣ʹѾ붼ˣǰ־ѧһʹ˳ͬʱõ֡ʹֱ

һ˲䶼Ժز֪ˣ

ֶֶͷҶڱ֯һĵһֱӴӶдں棬Ѻʯ̨Ŀȫǣ

ڶ

ʮ˽ 춴

ıʣǸ˾õĿɿڴôģĸʽȻرƽˣƽķһ˿̻赭д㣬͹ȥˡ

ҶĽѾߣȭͷеɢסҶֻǺܿͷ֣ҶһƵģƾָ

ǰҶٵصǰǵǹͬʱһһһϣһӴķ˳ȥ

˼һֱϸǿķʽǽȻǿǸ˶ʱоϢңһ˵ѹָдĵӿ

˵ԺкȻðһͷղٶһӦþѾˡ

˻ûµʱ򣬰ҶԼٶȴڵߣе˲˵ϣҶûӦԺܿ졢ܵ͵˵мᣬȥ̸֣

˵꣬Ҷе㼱Ťתһ˾˳ȥ䡱һ˵ϡ

ԱƵŮһĲ˼飬վæҶ򵽵˴ӵϻվ߬ȭͷʦ㣬ߣʦҪ

Ůһۣдһɻ󣬲ǸϻԵֱ꣬Ⱥͷߣ˰ҶһۣҲҴߵ

ľЩõģû㶵ףҶǸһΪгһ

Ҷû°ɣʴҴҹղŵ

žҶµĵûϵ뿪Ŀ죬Ȼеæˡ

ҶֿȺ壬͸һ鸮ɣڴ⣡

ʵĳѾ伣˼ʮ꣬ǰҲûʲôˣʲô˻ݺңǣн磿

ҶǱߵĿ̨Ͽ˿ҡҡͷ˵ͨ˿϶ûǸ£µĿ϶ͨˣǻȥ



ʵͷٵػصǱߵĿ̨ϣ˵˼䣬صҶߣҲ˹˲ܵˣҴҵ߳У䳡鸮ȥ

˵뿪ߣǶŋ춴ˡ

ԪҶֵĽ½նǸŮգʦˣԭֻͣһᣬ֪ı֮;ߣ⣬֪Ϊʲô߶нĲǣ˵ͬʱһʵʦЩﲻӣһȺжһŻ𣬼ǵʦҲЩʵڻˣԣ˿ڱҪʱֽѵһЩ֪ߵغļһǡ

ˣԪϳʱ˱̨һѵͬʱҲǸһ棬òҪнˡ

ԪڵĵͬʱıУѪΪֻʣһ

ڻȥ·ϣղؿԼ½ʦ֣ʵʦ֣ΪʲôҪҩҪȥʦأ

½ն߬߬ȭͷ˵ʲôҪ˵ȥ

յͷ½նܿͻصǾסĿջ

ջУǵʦ壬һŮһ겷ޣҲŋ춴ĵӡ

½նǰѿջĺԺһȥ㾪Ͳޣ忴˫ŵԪ˹ȵôˣ

½նʵʦأ

ԱߵĲ޵оء

½նнӹԪֱӳźԺݶȴսʣµ˻࿴˿Ҳæȥ

½նսݣǵʦ巶ױ˲䵽ߣְԪǰϣʵô£ħ𣿡

ʦ壬Ȳһ󣬰½նæ˵

˶ݣûѯԭֱӲܿˡ

˵ô£

½ն֣һֱ߬ŵȭͷɿָĳ˿˿İɫɢ֮Ļг㡢Ũ񡢴ǿ

ͬʱ½նҲʼ˵飬ҶıеĸԼҶ书ĺϸܾ壬˵ǸҵͬʱܸоǿҲ֪ǸʲôֶΣȻЩо۶ɢ˵мıҪȥ

ܵ˰ǵʦ嶼֣˭ĵһ÷ı÷ļգȻߴķ

׹˺һųһ˲򵥣õǱֶֻܹдıԨвſ֣ܳ˵ˣнҲȥֵط

½նʦ壬Ǹʲô˵ʱֻоһ¾ֻŴˣҪǱǣҿܾͶºˣ룬Ӧ˵м⣡

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ʮŽ ˫ҹ̸

˵ȰԪκã֪ٶ

ǣǰԪڷ룬˵ʦ壬ʦеѪܹ죬СЩ

£бܹڣʲôѪûõģ׽ӹܹǱܹԶԪͷɢһɹɰɫ

ԪʱѪʱڵ̼ɫʹ仯ұõٶȺܿ졣

ܹİɫһƮɢɢԪܣ򷢳ԼЩԪϽ֯ԼʱĹԪ㱻һɫ΢΢͸ļӰ

֣һùѪҪܹܾΣԪҲⲻΪ𣡡

ܹɹֻ˰죬ǰɫļӾͽɢԪҲ۾ֻ͵ʵô

һԵհ齲һ飬Ԫͷ룬˵ʦ壬ʱʱǸҲһľȣǼٵģǰѽǱ;ģмȷʵ⣬⣬Ҹҿ϶ʱڳЩ˰ҽסҶܵģ

պ½ն࿴˿½ն˵ʱǲûиоߵϢ

ҡҡͷ˵ħŵعܲģǷֲҲûʲôֻ֣ɽܽˣֵĵ̣ħҲǶͷֱǸЩħŵļһǲЩ𣿡

޵ʦ壬ȥǸˣܷʲô

׵ͷ˵½նһȥǶҪע⾯裡

˶ͷ۾ﲻЩʧϾҲȥǸ˲ķˡ

Ҷǻصк󣬰Ҷѷľһ飬˵ӦûʱǾ֪ôˣ



ҹܿ͵ˣ鸮УҶнܺںԺСԺȺ򣬶£ǶӣϾǣн磬һͿ𲻿صĺ

ʱǰҶȻվ˵ˣ

˶վǱߵķš

򿪣׺½նվ⣬˶ַװ磬ʲôͬòϣҲǷ糾ֻһ˫۾ںҹ˸

׵۾һһɨȥͣ˰Ҷϣ֮ע⵽Ҷǰ½նǵҲڷʲôǴĸоҶĸо֣һޡƮĸо

׾ֱ߽ȥ˫û˵׿ŰҶҶҲ˺һᣬײŹֵŋ춴ף

ҶҲֵɣҶ

ֹһᣬ׺ȻЦ˵ãû뵽ⷲҲ

׵ķӦҶҲ¶΢Цӣˣ

Ҷָԫһ̰֮ͽȻڲżһᣬҶⷶײСˡ

׶ԻнܺʵͷȻ԰Ҷ˵Сֵܣллıܹм϶⣬Ӧ˹ħ̣֮ìܣǵǣ

ҶЦ˵ҲôģԸǱܹǰҪľҳǸǵ

Сֵʲô𣿡

Ҷͷ˵ʵѾµ˭м仹һЩɵҪ󡣡

ʲô⾡ʰɡ׺ϰҶĻ

ҶֱʵнˣΪʲô

ŋ춴ĹѡһЩӳָ½ն˵ǳǸָǣЩʱˡ

ǿӦǲͣΪʲôһʱ䣿

Ϊ˵б䣬ȻǷıԣҲģԾͣ

˵꣬Աߵ½նһԭ򣬾ڮн磬ǵеá

ҶǰһǶô˵

Ҷ˷ʣ׻ȻǸʱͱ˶ˣ

Ҷͷ˵ھͺýˣǵݺг̱ħɵˣǽǵʱͱˣߵҲǰźõģĿľǵǷŭǻϳʱǾͿ׾ٵ֮ìܣʱ򣬼֪ǵı֮Ҳ϶ʧ˺ܶࡣ

׵Сֵܿƣ½նҲټӣȻĲð죡

ʦ˵Աߵ½նʵСֵܿɷ֪ϸĵϸ

Ӧǵ̫ġ

ʵڰ죬ǰѽûʱ򣬰ҶͺȻصѪҲͬʱ뵽һֱûж̫ӣеĹϵ̫ˣҶмϸĵϸ˵ʱ׺½նͬʱⲻܣ

ڶ

ʮ 빬֮ǰ

˵ķӦҶһƺʲôʵΪʲô

׵ǧǶߴеһɣóݿ֮ڶ֮أˡޣΪ߷ڶʱƳʢ󣬲ħɹᣡ

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׾һᣬ˵ǸǧɵģҲ϶ǧ巵ͽ֪Ķ֮أǧǾԲ֮µģ

ҶͷˣԳǧɣҾ֪ǧȷʵ⣡

ǧ⻹ǻ˵ġ

׵Ȼˣǿ϶æ֪Сֵʲôƻ

죬ǻʵۻҽȼ̫ӣԸң϶Ӧʱã۷ʲôϣҪ¶棬װλʦ˵ӣŲ

ףǻ֪֮ѾìܣӸǿ

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Ҷ˵һӿˣŽֱ˵ˣԫҪˡ

ΪҶ֪нЩЩͷ߸յͲһķ䣬ߺúûµʱҪ׳ͬʱǸԫҲ˽ȥ

ԫľһֱήţһǶԼΪʧľɥһǶԽǳԻʱʱطҲ֪ǲ˻ǹġ

һֱչˡмѣҪǰҶ˵ܻãнĸֿ类ˣһڷ裬ҽУ߲ѣҰҶֻǣû뵽Ȼпˡ

ߣ׺½նһӽ䱸Ҷæ˵һ£

׿ŰҶ˵СֵܣҲʣ˵ԫ֪ǲռԪɵԫ

Ҷһͷ˵ȷռԪɵԫǷԭ򣿡

˵

ҶһΣľз˳׺½նһ㶣ǲû뵽Ҷл˱ҲûⶫǰǷģɽҲǱ˴ߵȻ

Ҷľһ飬˵ԫһ˵ռԪɽ㷶⣬Ҳɱ˵ġ

ƣ˵ԫɱҲ޷֮һ̰ľ׹ħ˽ᣬҲʡĸ

Ҷû뵽׾Ȼ˵˵ȻˣǷһȥԫ

׵ͷҶվſڵʾһ£߱ת뿪

߱ϾֻһոСߣҪǳ˻ε̬䲻ˣԷʱоѹ֡

ߵķԺӵĸڣ׸ŰҶ߽ȥоȵԺƽ߽ȴ㣬ܵ󷨲õ޷죬Ҷʲôˣ

սԫֽֿееĶЩĶûס

ߴţֻԫͷɢһıˮ˫ʱأʱЦ񣬺񾭲һ

׺½ն˼ؿˣԫǶ֪ۼһֱռԪϱ˲вЩȥ

еղŰҶ˵ĲϸڿԫĹȻȫʧ治֪ģ

Ҷڷеλһ㣬˵ֵܣȻʱ־壬ƴһЩɡ

Ҷûشߵԫǰ֣˼ûзܵĿռȴУָʱʵĹ⣬ԫͷϵһ£ԫȻֹ˻˯ڵϡ

ԫԺ˵ǻһ¶Ըħŵϸڰɣ

á

صԭķ׺Ȼ˵ֵܣҺȻ뵽һҲϣ˵ܰæ

װҶĵƵģ׼˵һһֽԼķֻҪʹˣһʱڣ뷲޶õıʶƣ⣬ֵбֻҪǿȵһ£ϵĽȻ⿪

Ҷ۾һǰҪ׳´ݾߣڷ׼ȻľȻý⣬ʱ⿪Ľ˵ܰæ

˸ã

ǣǾͿʼһЩϸڣ׼빬

⣬̫ӸУһŹٷ̫̫߱Ӳϵͷ˵ãȻˣǾͶ˰ɣҪ֡

ǣ

ȥԱ߷һӿˣ̫ӻæǰЦݣϲʦأϲʦΪһ㣡

ëĺӹһЦҲڻ㣬˵Ȼűչؼ죬Ϊȷʵܴ󡣶ˣƼҵôˣ

ŋ춴ڻƼѵˣѪǽˡ

ԭͷϣ֣֮ΪްҲ˷£㰲һ£ǾõǻƼѾͷ

̫Цʦ˵ʱǻнѾŮˣ˵ǸУ츸ҪټǣҴ԰ס

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ϣ⻹δ¶棬ֻϼ鲼ҶǱ㵽˻ʹǰ

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ǰҶˣûʲôڷһ˵װ˿Щףײûκ˵ǣ˵ҶֻܴӦ

Ҷ·ǻʵߵĹҲûⷶ׺ǰ·ͷҲص˵ټǶˣ˵ǰͣ°ɡ

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ϳʱ򣬰Ҷͻվڳ֮Ⱥ򴫻Ȼϵȴ洫˵ĶЩߣʱĳ֮ʡ

˺ð죬Ҷ

ҶһЦŻ־˽ȥ

ÿһӣͷչţòϣһ˿ϵ˷վǵԱ߰ݲһڳõǰǰ̨̨һ΢ֵ棬Ž˿ۣͷʹڣɫЩ԰ף㾫

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нҲ糯֮УҶĻȷǺ޷ӦǾѾ˵ˣ۰Ҷʲôнֻܶװơ

ҶĻǹһɴûôˣطȻ˷ƳһԱߵĻʵۣƺҲЩã⹫¶򣬴治ˣ£

һȴ⴫Ȼ²𣬵ȴÿ˵Ķԡ

ҶŤͷȥһˣһȣһǳɫôƮƮ߽˳֮С

ĹԱμ̫ӵ£

񣡡̫΢΢һЦҪôŻˣ

̨ϵ̫񣬵ǣ

ǻʵЦʶڸĪʦôпյ

ʣ֪ܲ׹ӵҽǸ߳ĺܣ˵õĲεģ

̫ЦſŰҶͻУҶֻǻƼҰԼһӣֵһᣬ֮ô˵Ҫ˵Ǹʵ̫ӵĻ

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̫ӿ˿ǱһԵĻнܣǷʵ׹ȷʵǸ򣬶ҽĵӡ

ŶʵЦݣȻҽӣҽǷȻ򡣡

ҶǸĶԻֻƲƲ죬û˵

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ʵȻҲЩãȻڰ֣վһߣҶᣬЩ԰Դ˿̲׷ҿɲģ

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̫ӵʣǰ׹ȴѾ˻£ҳ˿ǣ׹మҲȥǲ֮ͨˡ

ʶ

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׹ҽ֮ͽұҽȾ֤һ£ǲҽκãҸ˵׹ֱд磬һܵУٿһ°׹ӵѧǲܱˡڻ˵

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⣬ڰҶ书ͬƲȻ㱨˵ĺУҲֻǷļգнȣӤ˱һ

ǻʵ̫ӵĻͷ˵ҶΣ飬̫˴ȣʲô˵𣿡

ҶȻ΢΢һЦҶԸܿ飡

ǺãλңͲüŻȥˣȿߡ

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׵ͷ˵ҸоˣǧеϢ

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׼ʱֻһʱ䣬Ƕһԣڻнߡ

ҶȻվڳ룬ƽƽһҲš

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̧̫һӹϷ߸룬жǰˮ

ͬʱϳõĻһһ·ˣ̫ӺͻʵҲ˵ֱߵǰóСƿһһϰںá

̫Ա˵׹ӣλ̫ӸеҩͯҩҪϸš

ǡҩͯѴƿĸӴ򿪣ʱÿƿӿڶðɫʲ֮ͬƣƢ

ҩͯƿһһЩУʱ߸ָͬɫʣҪ֪⡰ҩͯĶÿ˶ܿԴҶÿзĶȫһΪʲôɫʻͬأɻ

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ǡҩͯƿպãһվԣһ˫۾ޱؿǰ

ҶǰˮȻϣ߶ҺĻ㵽ң

߶ҺƷȫһֻڵεַϺʱϲͬԲŻвͬɫңЩˮһغһ֣Զͬɫ䣬ȫһĶԣѭԽ࣬Խǿ

ҶԱߵ̫ȥһ

ǣ̫Ҵææܳȥһûһֻͬ롣

Ҷ춾ĺɫҺ嵹һ㣬Ȼֶȶͬһ㣬֮ɫĶһһһǸУ϶ʱȻðһ̣״ɵȻƬ̼ͻˣеĻ϶Һ͸峺Щճڵϣ϶ʱһƬ̼Ѿס

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Ҷʱ˺춾ſںһڣȻȶſһڣȻûȵֶ˶ѾµҪʲôиӾȣѵҪеĶһڣǲ𣿡

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ڰҶУЦ߶ϣҲֻǷڿǻɽ

ЩǾȣ̫ӺǡҩͯҲ⡰ҩͯɲҩͯһö֣û˵˭Ȼ˺ȶ

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ؿܣܵĴһ̫ʦŵıʱ۷׷н籾أЩȻλȨأнȻªš

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⣬неĻ˶˲ɱ˵У趨һе

ҶȥĿǰããһƬ

常Ҳ˵û뵽Ĳ溬пռ󷨣õõʧΪһĺó

ҶЦţ̫ӻҺú𣿡

ҶǰǰʱһƬʣһһɶߣֽǣһ˫Ѫɫ۾Ļվߴһ˫л˶Ĵ󵶣󺮹⡣

ڶ

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ȻѵŵӵĻˣɹٵҲͷʹɣңƺ顭

ҶţǻȻĵ˲Ϳ˰ҶߣڰҶһֱţľҲ˲仮Ǵ󵶿һ𣬰Ҷ˱һɾ޴ķ

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Ҷ˺Զͣȵǣǻ˾Ȼ˲乥һ˫ۣһ̤ÿ̤һ¡¡ǿر㳯Ҷѹȥ

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ҶȻľ˫һǻ˽ˣҶȻſ죬һھѪֱ絽ϣǻ˲Ҳ϶ʱǵѪ

Ȼ䣬˾˴󵶣ҪѵʱǵٶԽԽֱȫԭȻϵĵɢˣеĺ˼Ҳûˣش˱Ӳ

ҶɾǵѪɫЩ԰ףҪЩѽȻĺܲ

ŵڵһҲĻˣҶǰϧ壬Ҳ㱨ˣ

Ҷ֣ǰһĨ˲ʧѾҶսУȡҲᷴ

˻ˣҶһ·һȥһɫĹ⻷Ҷվ˽ȥ

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񷻵һ࿪һСţҶɵش˳ǰһյĹ

ΣܵĴǵǷӦΪǲڲ֪̫˹Ƶģһܵص顣

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ˣ̫Ҳ֪Ҷ˹أǻ˶ˣлϰοԼҶ϶߸ıԲŻ룬϶ǵġ

ҶҪʣֱ̫˵غܼ򵥣

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ҶЩ԰ף½նæʣ׹ӣôˣ

ԶĪӰƮƮسˣҶʧӣɳعЦȻȻϹŵԭΪǻ˵ģû뵽ˣ

Ϲǧɽеһֱû˹ʣԭܼ򵥣ʵ̫˼иҲù죬볣

ڣЩֻԼжûнûв󣬼ʹһСҲܵʲô˺ȴ˵֮飬˻塣

ǰ˭˵ڣĪ֪ˣ鲻ʲô˶õģֻаҶġֻء˲ŻзӦ

Īﲻ֪Ҷĵϸֻǲ²⣬ҶȷʵзӦˣȴʲôֻأǰҶصĸʶڼһͨصĸо

׹ӣû°ɣ½նҡҡ

Ҷ۾Ȼûо۽ȴ˵û£Ұһ£

ҶҵĽ֮𼴽Ϩʱı룬򿪵ĵ֮ţһеһжߣ׹

ˡҶо͵һ죬Ȼ;ԼһйɵһּϤİϢȻз

½նһ㶣ŴӰҶϷϢȻǸһѪħ

ҶϲɢħЩħԽԽԽԽŨɢƣһԵ½նҲˡ

ۡ

Ҷˣڵ˾ѪѪеĽǵȥеѪӿЩܿ죬ԽΪģܾ˿磬ֻһĹƬվͱտޱȣܵħѪɢһգϵһڵϣһˡ

ҶЩιȥ½նһѷס׹ӣղô£

Ҷ̧ͷʵ磬ЦûʲôֻĪİ㣬´һʲôаʯͷԼĽţ

½նܣѾһƬƽֻǰ治ԶƯһźɫСӣһ

Ҷ֣⣬Զɹת۾ͽС

ˣǻȥɣҶ

½նӵʣγƺʲôûҶֻһѪͽˣڼ䷢ʲô½նͷңȻ֪

ڰҶ½նϣһֱţΪڸղţŨŨľУȻˣҵԼ֮ҵֶΣ

ǴɢŨŨħǱģԼɢġ

ޱ޼ʵľʶеİҶȫܵʱضһҲʱǾ޶жˡ

ؼǾģҶʱصһһظܵһУԵľħ

ԼΪػΪϣȻƾģͬħģĽУȻԽԽ

нס屾ʣȴסأֻԼоءأ

ڶ

ʮ ȡ

ԼΪģΪ壬壬أһΪңΪأ

ҶԺеתٻô˷ܣΪһ粦հ㣬һǰδеľǰ벻˷ܶС

ŰҶ½նһĵǰ·ܸоϰҶĲԾǰҶʱߺ߹Ĺجһ

Щȥ׹Ӳ֪ʲôСʦ忴

ţӿ˽Ųûþ͵Ǹ¥

½ն˵Ҷ۷Ź˵λҪȱһιأ

Ȼߣңҳ

Ȼ֪Ҷô£ܸоҶе˷ܡ

Ҷٵһ䷿䣬˦ĸĸǽǣľת˲㲼һػ󷨣ľת룬۾

Ҷ˴æ˶Ŀͬȥ½նϡ

ʵôˣ

½նͷҲǺ

ţ½նѷ齲һ飬ҶʧĹŹַӦҲͷ

׵ֵӦջˣǲҪЪЪţȰֵܳء

ʵĪô죿

½նĻĪֻǷ˸ӰҲҪţǻƹĿ㣬вɴ⣡

ɵصͷ

ȻһһˣʱﵱأһߵȰҶأһ߷Ī

˵Ī˸߲ҵؿŰҶУ͵ȰҶָܵĹʱԼǴ˵еġһֻظˣ꣬Լõķʱн磬˭ԼĶ֣

ǣû꣬ͿҶһѪţԼԪǰһƬ֧飬ǲõ󷨾ȻһֱԼһİ취ûС

ô¡Īؿڵĺë˼⡣

˰û뵽ʲô·ĪҲ˷ӣֻǺٺһЦʦΪĹԺҪøӳһҲӳʮʮٸҪˣ

жֻص꣬е룬ǲôˡ

ȥ·һĵطɽһϱݺĳɽɽһɽ֮ޱɽͷͺһʯͷ̰һ

Ī֮ԸҶȥ뵽ôһطﲼϹųõЧѾõʦŵļȻʦòţʱĪȴǱκζãﲼܲõһҪ˳Ҷ꣡

ҶڷһԺеʶȫ⣬ȻûлнȴһҲأ㣬УֻȻ֮

ͺղŨŨľħһڰҶȫͶ£ڵַá

ԼУҶܸоԼϸŹ⣬ֱΪơ̡졢ػƵ֮ɫ

׳֣ǳ˵ĻŹԵ⣬дС֣߼Ϊ˵ԣһжƵķʱڰҶڣЩŵĴС޶ɫһ඼ȫͬ

ɽ֮壬֮ȫƽԲתҲ޴

ʱвǳʱķֱתͬʱתɫһáöˡ

תתžγһɫʰ쵵򣬼תš

ͬʱڰҶܣЩеʼйɵضӦвһתԽԽ졣

ÿʮת

ÿһʮת

ÿת

ǲԽԽʤٶȵÿתʱ򣬰ҶܵȻɢͬʱڰҶ棬Ȼƾ˿˿

ųģǰҶƾģ

ۡ

һھѪεľѪǺڲΰ룬ȻŴŴĽһ£ҶеĽǲּˡ

εѪҶ˼ޣήҵĺܣȻЦݣóһŷſڳȥ

ذأ㣿˳㣿ǺǣʺˣҪȡ㣡Ǻǡ

Ҷ֣ԶѾӵĽ

Ǹˮ֣ҲЧ



ʮһ ·

󣬰Ҷٴα۾ڣһںҹи·˺ȻҵһյһҪľյ̽·

вļٶֻܵÿתңάһٶҪܴǰҶǼͣҲʮַάתͬʱҶصĸӦڵȫ÷ⷲһֱľ

ҪǣڵԼؼʩչ߽ƣѾؽһԵĵطҲȫƣ

ȻΪܲСֻʩչ򵥵ƣЩķ˵ġ

ҶѾ˷ܵط죬ʮأΪһʩչ

һչؾͱһ£һУҶû˿仯ֻһ˾ðҶĻһע⣬ܻܿԵĴڡ

ҶϢֹͣ˱չأܵ񣬿еɢȥҶֻתһȦһֻһԲȦܵȻԶ˻ڰҶо۳һš

Ҷ΢΢һЦɿ֣Щʱɢȥ

һ£޵УѾÿǧתڴԺ󡭡

Ҷ̤ţſڣһֻ°ͣһֻϢػţ̬ЦЦİҶһĶ

ʱӮȻҲԳɾͷ֮ʵˣҶºڴΪ˴£Ϊ֮Ľϡ

ȻŤͷһЦİҶʱ˵ҶУҲ˰

ĽҶЦҲŸճҲûŰ

̧ͷŰҶֻƬ̵ʱ䣬˰Ҷһ˫۾УҶߵĿ촽Ǽص˵ķҷЩ鲻ԽظͷƬ촽һ

˵ȻЩʱˣҶΪ˲Ӱ壬ûʲôص£˴ǣ׽һˡ

˶δ£ΪΣƾŸо໥˱ϣܰѶԷζС

һǽ󣬻һεطڰҶؿڲ̧ͷҶζţͬʱ૵ղŲȻÿǧתҷѾάֻɣԺҪˣ

ţҶ¶Цݣǳȥɣôʱ䣬Ҳˣ

ӰҶؿڴϸϸҲ֪û

¼ѾƽϢˣʵڰҶչزµʱߵͽˣϾʱҶһڽеħˣգﻹаֲֿЩ˿ľҲû˿־壬׷׻عһΪѾѵһ߻ָԭ

Ҷȥ󣬷¥ж˺ܶˣһһ˵Ҷʱصͷ

ǰʱе˶ԫҲڣ˰Ҷʶ⣬һɫ۵ʿҶûм

ˣߵһҶˣæӭӡ

ɻŤͷŰҶеˣҶϢƺͨˣҶûע⵽

һӵ˶վȹϲҶأҲ׷׵ء

󣬷ָǸʿ˵ʦֲ飡ӵҵĴѶӶ

ʿƤ棬׵·һ﹫ӣڴϵֳһɵĳҶܹظоڲŹɶȽĲ

֣Ҷֵ

Ȼһ񣬲ȴû˵´ŰҶ˰β˵ֵܹȻ˵ã֪ǹˣˣһҲҿ϶

ҶǺһЦһҲûأǿʲôʲô

ŶһЦ˵ǿɱӾˣ

ײ˵ֵܣħɶǹƶ˵ˣΪԷһҲʦְæͬʱʦҲ̽Ϣ

ಮˣ

Ҹ㽲Ҳ鵽¡

£ǵѾҲ˵ֻ˵ʱ·ɽȥıؾ֮·ϲϡŹֵ󷨣ЩеĴЩħеĴЩеϢһȥһͨҲκβˣҸоȴҪŹжŹ֡

˵ħַǧ巵ȻûʲôʵڵĶȴҲΪЩŹֵ󷨾˵ǸĪﲼõġ

⣬ǹǧɽˣĳѾóʱû¶ˣһЩȥݷҲ



ʮ ɽ

˵֮ǰĪƺ˵ٹЩʱǧ巵ҪͳһˣѵѾƽǧɽˣ

ǧɽһֱԭһ˲⣬˭Ҳûע⵽ʲô

ʱҶʣɽʲôط

ֵû˵ɽ鿴ŰҶ

Ҳ֪֪ɽ˵ɽǲͬһ

Ǻǣʹһɽûеڶˣ

ҶͷԺиֻ˵йɽϢɽ죬ϧҹȴֻزȥֻգ

ǶɽʲôҶͷʵ

˵ɽɽƹģ⣬ûʲôֵĵط

Ҳ˵ȷʵɽѾãɽϵĶҲѰĶûʲôر𣬴˵ɽһɽķɵģΪǵסʱӿĺХػߵĲģ

ȻˣǾͳɣɽ͵˶ˣֱȥ

ҶվҲһ£ʱ׼뿪ҲûʲôҪ׼ġ

ɽ֪ʲô常˼ôöûõǸӲͷ

Ҷһ̣ûжĪĹ˼εõǼ

ԶɽϣĪǲ⣬Ϊվˣǽڣɷ

һĪʦܣ˵㲼Ϲ󣬲֪Ҫʲô

Ī￴˿һߵ̫ӣüͷţ˾ʦ֣Ǯʦһֱ˵ҪôĨǵģ

ǺǣĪʦܹˬ죬Ҷͽ˵ˣҲù

ĪЦ˵ˣߣС֪ʲôΪΪٺ٣ѾˣҪֻص꣡

Īʦ֣֪õˣҪҪʦܰæ

ڲˣЩ˵ʱϣλС

ϹУֺôĹʲôã

ĺôںܶ˶֪ʵֻǱڲ

Ī˵صģ˾ʦֺǮʦܲ໥һۣͬʱаһĿȻˣ

ĪҲ˵ǵȥǰ濴һλԱ㣡

˵ձ뿪

ʦ֣Īʦִʲô⣿

ҲûʲôƤӵ£ñҪֵǷ

˵գҲЦ߿



ʮͣͣҶڵɽ£һݹϱĳǽɽƣҶ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ɽˣɽĻ̬

ͬʱҶеʶѾ׽ɽĹϢϢɽܵζ

һɽǸϴһȥ̽·½նʵ

ҶһϰɣûЪŵĵطһߣҲ󣡡

ãɽඣһȣһ󻶿ЦǰȥҲϡ

ɽϣǧ巵ʦֵңң档

ʦ֣ʦܣӦʲôˣ֪ϻϣĪʵ

ʦܻϣ

ΪʲôأǸŮҪԸҲ

Ī˾ʦֺǮʦܻ࿴һۣͬʱ˳ȥ룺Ҫǰ䣿ٺ٣˭͹˭Ĺأ

ĪЦһȺĿļһҵĿɲֵͼĶ

һȺһ£һЦݵİҶĪﾡ˷ܡ

ȥɡĪֱӿͷŶ

ɽҲľ˺ܿͽӣɽ·ֻǱöˣС

ûãǰͷͣͬʱ˽䱸Ķ

˿ȥֻǰվһˣֵǧ巵ǮԶλͣŲ

ʵҪʲôĪأ

ʦں棬ֻҪλԵĻңҿԷǹȥ

ǮԶ˵ƽƽϻЦݣ·ٵġ

ʱִһ⣬һԵƬһͬЦ档

˱ȥ˲֮󣬹ֵǧ巵˾֮Īʦ֡

ͬаĿҲһض˵ֱӲ

иŋ춴жֱˡ

ߺҲˣڰҶߣԱ߻һԫ

Ҷ磬ôˣҶ㶵ؿǰû˿ɡ

Ҷ磬Ҷ硭æҶûзӦ

͵ʱҶȻŤͷЩ֪ͨǣҪѸٴɽЩ˲ҪᣬҪ죬ȻɽҪˣȥȥͻϡ

˵꣬Ҷʹ߻С࣬

ǣСѸٻصߡ

ɽĶֺ֣ʲôҶɽϴȥǵǣ



ʮ ֹ

Ҷȥ˶ţɽϵĪȻ֪ҶææܹΪʲôȴ⡣

ЩϹΪ׼ģԸԹñˡ

˲䣬вõȫһƬ򣬰գú

ҶҲ˲Ӧصı仯֪ĪùȻ޴ѾͷˣȻڻϽͣ

ҶĪֶθмһˣֻһЩеõ򣬱ֳ̬Īֻı֣ЩȻ԰ҶЩӰ죬ȴһҲ˲

ҶҪƵЩ߰󷨣ΪԼΪԼֵǲ֪Ĺ춫

ǸϣҶܵɽƽԭİeֵϢϢԽԽӾͺ𽥵ںһٽںϵģЩ߰󷨡

Щ󷨲ȱȫȻͳˡ

ɽĶһֻȸҲڷߣοڰҶܵϢԲȰe˼Ҫܵ¾ˣ

žһҶһһʯܵĺһζɢУƵһ

ּæһͬһ߳Ƶһ󷨵ۡ

һĹ򣬰ҶƵüҲܸоϢ׳ٶ

ɽϣĪһɻı鿴ŰҶ૵԰Ϊʲôû˿Ӧ

Ī﷢ԭȡЧĹ󲻵û˿ãҰҶƺ󷨶ָһ·ڣû˿˷ѡ

ˣҲҪһҵۣҶΪѸ٣ĪӵĲ⡣

ûţǷΪԷһõı󷨣ֻǣʱһ仰ĶУ벻ǿ

Ҷ֮Ѹ٣󷨺˽⣬Ҫ鹦˿̵ĸӦÿ󷨾ͺеһ˸ĵһǵоȻԲŻ˿ٵ

ۿе󷨶ҪƳϣҶȻеͷһͷƤѹܸ͵һ㱣ù½

ٺ١󡭡

·ӾԨıЦðҶܵҵ𵴣Ҫ˺ɢܵĿռ䣬ܾѾˡ

Ҷ̧ͷȥֻǰУĪһ泩ЦţϺƣʱЩϺɫĹЩǱǰѪӾħ

ҶһѾ֪ʲôĪֹңȡʱںϳף

׹ӣҪȥĪЦʵг˷ܡ

Ϊһ룬ȻðԪħںϣڽ¾֮׺ɱ𣿡

ڰҶļʶĪѾ˽⣬ʱҲǾȰҶȻ֪ԼԪħںϣ֮ǰԼԴ˸֪

ĪȻһЦ룿˭Ҫ˭ҪҿɲΪҵĿֻһǣ꣡

ҵꣿҪʲôҶЩĪ

Ϊˣʶ㲩һΪͣнĸΪֶ֣Σֻ޵ʿõ꣬ҾͿƳķ

ɣҶЩЦãΪɣͲ˶󷨣߻ǲֵ֪Ľ

һѹǴӵ´ģҶҪץʱ䣬Ȼˣ֪ʲôӣ

ҶĪȻˣǿһսʤ

ãȻǿһĥ㣬ͬʱҲ֪ҵױжǿ飡

˵ţĪȫʢЩͨҵϢ۳ɸָħӣÿζһ֣Īƾ׳һ֣ۿ˾ĵ

Ҷһ漴סɢ֮ͬʱͷֱӹһϺ«ɾƣҲʡ

ϸевתҶۿŲһĪ

ͬʱ˶ˣĪջǿûʲôֶΣʹֱҲ׺ַǿһһҶ

Ҷ͵³еľˮЩˮɢˮҶС

Ϊ˿вתܵһ£Щˮȫĸ֪УÿһˮΡ

ӽѷڿеˮһһƶλãٶȲ죬׼ĪĹ֮ǰγһ澧Ө͸Բ̡

ҶӵԲģֱӭĪǿͬʱһȵת

ĪĺԲײһûκ죬ǺֻƫһǶȣֱ˵档

¡

ֱֱɽУըһڵĴ󶴣



ʮĽ 

ڶһγɣƬ̼ʹðŨŨĺЩ۶ɢ붴ڼɵķΧƣȻγһͷ

ɱĪ﷢ͷҪƵĶ࣬ǿѹ涼ѹһƣ˵ƴϡ

ҪǾͰհ׹ӵĻϽ뿪鿴ҡͷԵĺɫͷһս

ȻǷˣʶҲظӦڰֲԼҶ΢ȴ˿ҡϢ

С㣬Щߣܸ㶨ģ˻ĵġŻ

һҲŻһֻ첲ѾͷЩҶȻǿЩ뿪϶Ϊ˲õ鷢ˣֻᰭµġ



ȻҶһ𣬵֪Լʲôֻ׸ֻᣬ˼ſ뿪

ǮԶ˾֮ûȥ׷뿪ķǣͨղŵĽ֣еѪūһЩѾ֪࣬پȥ϶ûý

ڿɽͷϣȻǿƵĪѾǸ˿ֲĪľ޴ͷ˶֪ʲô

Ҷֿ˿ǸڵĶȻһ첽ǰȥ

Ī￴Ҷˣ䱸ǰҶȻһУǸҳڴ

ʱĪЩףҶƺûںҶĿǸɽصĶ

ʦܣô£˾֮ǮԶɹͷˣѹҲǿˣǷĪʵȻǿô࣬˾֮Ҳɿ

Ī￴ԼʦֺʦܣֿҡڲͷһҧҲѧҶУĶ

ǮԶĪﲻûǣУҲæȥһӱ˾֮סˡ

ʦ֣϶кöΪʲôȥ

ûʲôɵǱѪħĪɢͬϢȥû£ҪҽȥһͻᱻʴɺʶħͷҲʬ⣡

ǮԶһ㶣ӣջ˽Ų

˵ҶȥֱӵһУħ˸ɫīɫĹ⣬Եùɭɭ

ЩħڰҶսʱͽ𤸽ϣҪʴȥҶʼάڲĸתɵĲӳģ˸ƵħˣЩħŽȥ

ҶĶϣ߶һƬ֪ͨδҶֻͣһ˲㳯һȥܸоǰһиǿϢ

Ҷ뿪ĪҲ˽ߣȴɵˣôûаҶϢˣȥĸ򣿡

󿴿ҿѡһ򣬲ȴҶ෴ķ

ҶħԼٶн;ȻðҶͣһʱ䣬Ӧһ±ǰ

Ҳ֪ɽжˣĶ͵ֱֱʱҶڻһĵطһԲεĵطǰһȥƽ̨

Ҷƽ̨ϣȥû߼ǰȻʣͬʱҶҲ˲˼ľ

һֻȫڣðŨŨħ룬̤ţͭƵĴ۾ɫĹ⣬ڵͷϵĽħ˸ϵƬڹơħȫÿһɢױȵǿħƣ

ǰһֻɫľ޴ܣϹˮ㾧Өͻ𣬴ðһ˿˿ĴɫϢһ˫۾ƵĹʱع䣬ֱӷ𵴵С

ƺܴǵصضħܵȻСȴ쳣ȹ̣ܵħ˿޾ôš

м·һˣȫ㣬һͷ׵ͷòӢһ˫۾ţ·϶ִֽȡʫʵƮ

˹ľðҶһᶼûӦ

ħ룿ôܣ

ܣɽҲϡ쳣Ķô

˭Ϊʲôû˿ΪǢ



֮ޣͷħҲħһϴһѪͿԺ޹˼ħߣ˿õıħʴɼħĿ֮ǿ

£ȴһȫħ룬˵



ʮ ¹

˵ħ룬ǽܣɽҲǼֵĴڣҶڵ伮пӰҲΪ׼ƴҪͨˣ֪ܶĴڡ

ϡ쳣ļһ⣬һ쳣ģмǸˡ

ҶûԼôǢоˣ㵱үүǰҲûָоҪ۾ˣԼʶоˣҶ֪˵Ĵڣ

ܸоңһͻأ͵ڰҶ

ܸоҶҲܲ˵š

Ȼǰ׼ҵˣǸ̥Ҳͣ

Ҷһ㶣ȵ֪ҵݣ

кѣӡа׼ҵӰӣаϢһܿģ

룿үʶ

ʶȻʶûСһճʱ˸ĸɰֽУڡ

ǰγƺҶ֪ɳʲôôҲڱչأ

ƺɽ磬һ͵ĳƺţж¹֪Сһǲ˵

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ǣȷʵ֪ǰֻǡ

Ҷ֪Ϊʲôʣ¹˵ǱģҵҲʥӵأ

ɽеʵѻ֣ϾרһŶۣӹȻһĵȽ׷ֶΣշ˽и˵ĳƺţ֮ɳɼҡߡʥߡߡߣУʥһʵȷľҲǾ߼ɻʣͲҪʵҪˣɽҲĹ

Ϊ¹ıһͷ߲¹Եһ¹ĳƺ

ҶоţôҲ뵽ͨͨɽоȻɽĴ

ôʱ䣬Ҳż⺢ӵˣ֮࣬˵µһħ˵ҲڱƳ˽Ƶػ޽ܡ

¹˵ţҶ֪ΪʲôħˣȻħֻܾ֮࣬Ϊ˵õ˵Ա׵ع˽ƣ

ҶҲ뵽ղӦͨĪֹ˿ɽеħƶսɢġ

뵹ǸļһҶ૵

ǺǣСһȻˣȲߣҲҪˣһһлҪ׼ҵĺ˵

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ĽܡһһȦۿɼĽɫâɢסħ֡

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ܵĽɫ۾һֱעģǹâһȥ



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ǺǣʵҲţʵȴˣּұ֮ǰˣǰ׼ҳүпܲ⣬Ӧö֪ڸ㣬һǲ֪үûвȡʩԷһأǻ˵Сҵ飡

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СһҪ뿪ˣһһҪæ

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ûб

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˵ţкڹһǿֱӺҶ

Ҷû뵽ȻṥԼ˽䱸ʱԺкȻ˼մԼԺеġ

Ҷ˲˽ǵ;ϲһЦ˼Ҷ˵ūھ֪ʲôū



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ҶһڵĪ类׵ݺݵһƵģһ۵ȫɢкţǾʹ顣

ιʲôǮԶȻʵд׹⣬ûôﻹС¡֡

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˾֮æҶֵλס֣һк

Ҷ˾֮ǰɣƺ֪ԼĴлŽңǲǲʵ

˾֮һ㶣׹⣬漴ԥ

Ҷ

һ

˾֮Ȼԥš



˾֮Լ֣ʹʦܣֿҶ



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ܺãʵǾȥ𷣣Ҷͷ

ʱĪǮԶȺӿеȥʯͷϣȥǰҶģȻҲ費ɡ

ǴеңҲ뿪ҶԸ

ǣ

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ﻹǸƬʶɨȥȳԺеһ¹ΪƵĿ

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СһЦ⣬ȻٶΪⱻ֮ӳֵıԼڵ󵤣İǰ˸㶨

˺ܿײһСϲ㣬ȴϼ䣬˿ƽ⣬˲䣬Сſ죬˲֪Ǻ󵤽Ӵ˲䣬͸еһɼϴ˺һӵ˱

СͣٵƬʱ䣬ݵ֣ڵעڣ󵤵֮Ϊʵʵ

һŽֱӴӰе£ˤڵϣ֧飬Ҳ˹ȥ

Сִݵذ̽𱦽¡

ҶЦЦԱߵ˵Ӧһİɣ

µԻæˣˣ

ԱߵһӶ԰ҶλӣȾǵ˰ɣ

µĺܵԻһ㶣ȻҲӦҶӣб£ʩԮ֣Ⱦǰ

Ҷæǲ˵ҲģǷİɣһģڣ̧ǸˣȥסĵطҲ֪ҽ

ããµæָˣ̧ǸԲѵߣŰҶС࣬ɽȥ



ʮһ ɱ

·ϣҶ֪ͷԻ¶ϸظҶһľ

һ֮ǰǵĴׯǷƽ˾ĺܣһϣʱϾȻվźöˣһǺǿЩ뿪ˣЩϰҵֿ׷ܳ԰ֻǣûȫ뿪Щоͻ䣬һúõĴׯյĽһƬЩûü뿪Ҳճ˻ҡ

뿪˶쳣³Իйͳ䣬ЩһҲںеһˣֱӳ峤ǰ棬һѰѴ峤ɴ峤ܵıǸڵҳһһ˽ȥһ棬ЩԻ˳ȥ

ЩˣҰ޿ԣߣȴôҲʹϾʣµתƵǰĴׯַʱԳޣʼշŲҪ߾һս

Ҷüͷ壬ʵǵĳҿ⣬ֱӳȥֱɱûѵʲô𣿡

¶ȻʵȲЩߣôҲǳ˯أǶˣһ˲Уǻкüʮˣ

Աߵ񲹳ӣǴ˴壬ԹŴµɱ󷨣ȻǲҰ޵ģҲмǶԵУ

ɱ󷨣ҶȤʱˣʵһܸչʾһ𣿡

¶˵û⣬һֱϰš

˺óһ·ԭǸŵȻţһԻһڼϣԴһһµصţһ·ҲԵǱ

һƬ֣ڿǸܾǰĴׯַȷе˵һɽһСƽأƽվһˣԼʮǿ¶ж֣һʵ¶ȥ·ôܻˣ

¶æǰ˽ľСܵ˶ǲʱŤͷŰҶС࣬Լڵϵߡ

ܿ죬ЩеһЩˣ¶˹¶ӣڵĴ峤

˼Һã

峤ϵػصذѰҶ˺ü飬Ȼͨһ˵ϣ빫ӾȾǵĴˣ

峤¹ҲһӹҶæ峤˼ңѾ˵Ҫ֣Ҳˣ

Ϊתƻ⣬Ҷæ˵˼ң¶˵洫ɱ󷨣֪ܷʾһ£

峤æׯҰʽ뿴Ҳ׳ˣ

˵⻰æɢһЩɢǿСƽӰ

ӣֻ˺ڱֶΣҪʵʲҲƴ峤˵ţ۾ˮ

ҶֻεصͷСˣЩ˶߻˵ϵһ㣬ʲôҪΪϣɽѣǸѶᣬֱӶֿĹˣ

ҶεصͷȼĲ಻ɱ⣬ͬΪЩ˵Ҳ޿κΣ֮УҶָеһָˣΪЩ˲ûгĬҲû£ƴҲ˵ͷ

ڰҶ֮̾ʣȻеǰﴫһɱ֮ҶҰ޲࣬ǰȴһֱҰΧɱա

ડ

ǡ

˻

ϸ΢˷ӦģɱҲ֮ŨҶɵؼתڵв˲䣬ܵӡɱĸй

ղЩˣǰһֲϻλƶһСǰУ֮Ӧһ㣬ϵ޷죬ɴ˶ģǳɱɱĲۣñΧŵһԽԽţԽԽһ

ҶϸţкȲʵ͵ҰޣղἤŭѹסϢòɱðȫס

͸ŹӣȻǷΪȻУ밵ķʽҲһǳɣֱȻķӦȻΪá

Ҷ󷨣ɱȷʵֲڼªȴо˸ĶЩ˱ȻӦֱɱ߼Ҳȫ⡭

ΪҶĸԽԽܵĺӦԽԽǿңڽģҲһڵĲû־ݵ£һӴԭÿϢǧת˲˲Ϣ£иǳʵĲ



ʮ Ķ

йٵǿȻںϸ룬ѭ

ǰСƽϣһƤҰޣ˽ش֮ζλ£ȴҶһְĸоȥҶܸо֮ɣǸȻͬϢ

˵ʾʱͽˣҶҲ漴Ӹһ΢Ц˼ң󷨺ð

峤ͭ϶ЦݣɽҰ·ӣùӼЦˣ

Ҷ֣ҿǵѾ˺ܺõĵӣֻҪٸĶĶҲ֣ԼҲܱˣ

Ҷ䣬еħ˵Ҷ˵ܸ󷨣

ҶΪʲôأ

֪Ȼֲڡ򵥣ȴÿһǹ֮ҪΪǷ˵󷨾ͺøĶʵԽֻĶԽԸĶ

ҶΪǵصͷ˵ȷʵˣ֪ЩҲ˵ܸһġ

˵ܸ󷨣ұЩ˵ΪȻĹڸ񣡡

ģ

ȻҵħֻҪҿƣڲӰǵǻһΪϸղŵ󷨣סԪӤҵߴ´ࡣ

ҶЦã͸Ķ

˵ֲڼª󷨲ӺܾǰڣЩĶĲˣһطͿǣ󷨵Ч˵øġ

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ӣ˵ҪԼ𣿡峤ɻʵ

Ҷ˵˼ңһһֱȽı£ֱ£Ҳ֣ҲеģȻҲ뿪ֱΪֹ

峤Ц˻æҶллӶ£ǵĽӴ

峤ɽߺһ洫ӦҲ׷׻ҶǵߺȴܸܵǸ˵飬¸Ŵ峤ɽ

ɽиˮҰζڸղŴ峤к£ѾһʯϣдҶС࣬Щ˸߲ҵһãͬʱҶҲ˼θĽǸɱ

ʱ䵽ϣҶҲȥǸĹڴ˵İ£һԶСռ䣬ȶ˼󷨵ĸĽ賿ʱ֣Ҷȵ۾

뵽ˣ

뵽ˣ

ʾһ£

з˿˿ɫϢڰҶܣҶַЩϢһţŰҶ˼

ͬʱһСŰɫϢʱĻۣɫŰΧһ

ʼˣ

Ҷ͵һɫϢǰнˣ쿴ԻĶ࣬ȴӯ͸Ķ࣬ЩɫŲŸոտʼƶǵмһİɫŲסضţûһɢԭɢ״̬

ȷʵԭĴֲ󷨺࣬м仹ٸģȻ˵ͬʱЩɫŻָԭλҲٴγһɫţұ֮ղŵĸһЩ

ʼˣ

ȻУȴЩɫŲݵ鶯ðҶۻңиǾ󷨣ǿ

ֻƬ̼䣬ɫŲɷͰŴĥһɶȻգðҶЩĿɿڴ

޵ЩȻвȴв󷨣̺ǿңֻҪǿʿԼӸĶȻԴﵽнĸ߼ˮ׼ɱһ

ʱСȻ˽ˣһֱڵǸϢȻûˣ

ҶӦһ£Ȼ˵ҪĹĹеϢȻй¶

Ҳ˵û㴫ЩµɱȻסԭߣͬʱҲתǱߣʱȽĹȡ

ҶͷĿֻٺãҲῴһۣϾɽʱɸĸţǼƷȻЩĶ

ʱҶҵ峤׼ȥֹ˾ۼصɽǸСƽأܿ죬ʮ׳꺺Ӿվ

Ҷ˶Ȼ󣬴з˿˿Կĺɫ˿ߣһһЩϣͬʱӺɢʵĺЩ˵۾С

ΪǸõ˽ҶĶ󷨣ɴֱʶڣҪ֪ĶֱӡԺУͬʱЩҲǵУʼǵ壬ȻĸӦǢ

ˣˣСȻ˵

Ҷ̧ͷԶգӦǸץ˵ߵģãЩ֣



ʮ δ

ʶƬ̼ˣĶ󷨱Ǹͷе󷨸ĶģЩҲƬ̼µ󷨡

⣬ʮ˾ȵǣǷԼоһӱˣȭͷͷɢˣȴһҲϢܿظо

ҶȻ˵һЩ߻ǾµԸǣҪģһܳɹģ

ʮ˻࿴˿ɢܵ

ͬʱ¼⣬ź·˽ƽϣһĴ˿ǿʲôֵ˾û

ʱһ˳˳ָҶߵС࣬˵䱸֣ιģǲʦץˣ

ҶСͷС֣ԶǸһӶ˹Сֱӽסˣͨһˤ˵ϣ˷ʹ

㶵ģȻû뵽Ҫ˽סֱˡءؽˣ˵˲æ˺ϵĲʦ֣ô£

ʦʦܣҡ

˵꣬Ȼ˹ȥ

쵰Щ˾Ȼֹһ𣬺ߣ֪Ͱȫˣ˶ʹ˸ɫ˵ͷԳ

һ˵ףܵˡ

ߣʲôˣɱ⣬Ϊʦֱ𣡡

Ҷֱҡͷɻ

˵ǽҲŹ⣬Ҫʱ򣬴˷ǾȵϢʱһֱ䡢ĮɪĮһеϢ

˱ͻϢȫ뷴ӦʱȻֽű䣬ѽˡ

ʦ֣ʲôôаŰ

֪뿪ʦ

˿͸Ź죬ܣǣʱܵЩ˶ˣɢŵĺɫϢڲϵıܴλУɫԽԽأģɫǰûɵһƬ˸еһѹ֡

˲Ҫ˵ܣһ¶ǿ־ش˫Ȳ֪пʼ

ҶԱ߿ţ̾Ȼԭ󷨣϶ﲻЧЩħȻֻûκӰ죡

ζԴЩˣĻȻ

Ҷ˵ЩϧҲĮǽˣ

˭֪ȴЦҶ𣿡

òҲ֪

ߣҶûħҲֱɱǻϣûȻǻ

ɱҶ룬˵ҲɱҲϧֻǣǰЩȷʵ

˵Сӣո뷢Ҳݲδǣ

˱ܵɱƵУһΪǿ󣬶Ϊ˵ʵڲô

һƨڵʱӰҶзһɵĺֱӷɵУ˰˲䣬˾ͱʴϵΪǱȫɥʧ

ͬʱԺ𣺡ЩѾû˵ֿôã

ɲǵĴħ΢̼һǣǰĵ׵ĳȫʱЩһǺ۾ųеˡ

ϴ峤һȥץϣÿ˶ȥһ

ոʧȥˣͨ˻磬ܵһӵϣץǸԵһϣͬʱȥǵ¡

ǡҪʲô˲ûлԣһš

ԱվһˣǸԵԥؿڻһһ˫۾ʲôǣ

ĸĸһյһɶȻŭޱȣ˵Ͷ˵ӣȥֱҧؿڣݺݵ˺һѪ⣬ͬʱҲ˺ѷεĲҽ

Ǹ¶ȱŪǶҪ

µ⣬֪

˱빴ŭһܹʼøַ˵Ĳҽ˷

ҶüͷС򿴵Ľζʱ˵ҶǷọ̀

Ҷһ磬˵ˣ֪

˵ţЦһҡҡͷȻüͷһ壬ͷ

ֻһ˲һĵʿһ˫۾ɨ棬ˣЩ˾Ȼа񣬶

еķ˦һ⣬ϸĹ߷ɳ·ðҶ˵ɢһʵĺڹ⣬Щߵ¡



ʮĽ Ů

ǵʿע⵽˰ҶС࣬ЦһССȻţǲ֪

˵ţ÷ˢһƬ

ҶȻŤͷȥǷĽǿһԣֻһŷɫȹһͷڷŮҲһͬɨʿĽȫΪС

ǵʿ㶵ؿŮʵŮޣЩ뿪

ҶŮϲ΢ЦŮſеĵʿ뿪ĺã

˵գǷһеʿ紵ĵݣһӱ˺ԶǵʿԶͣŤͷߣͷҲˡ

Ǻ˰ɣҶ΢ЦŮ

Ůһ㶣ɻô֪

ϢȣźȣǺߣĵطûеġ

Ů˿Լ૵˽ǧˣϢûɢ𣿡

ǧꣿҶɻؿ

˵ŮѾɹ˾Ž٣

Ҷͷ˵ܸоɢĳ֮

Ů̧ͷŰҶ˵Ҳ̽Ĺģ

ǣ

ȰǻǸϽ뿪

Ϊʲô

ΪʲôŮϺȻɱ˷Ĺѵ˲ɣ

ڸоɱ˲䣬ҶڵĲͼתðҶɱİº壬ҶŮģǰˣ۾һתǰǷǸɱˣ

Ůһ㶣Ȼƣɱֻˡ

Ҷ˵ǰӦøĹйϵɡ

ŮҲϣֱ˵ɷ򣡡

ɷ򣿡𰸣ҶסˣԱߵСҲЩɵˣһǺĸ˾Ȼиɷ򣿣

ŮĿɿڴСʲôɷĹһ𣿡

Ҷû飬ʵ磬ĹʲôʱõĽƣ

һǧ˰ɣ

һǧꡭŮиɷɷΪ˷Ĺ

˵Ҳ֪֪ǰǷĹһȻǱɱһĹǡ

ҶüͷǶ˼£мȻôۣ

ǵ߲ߣŮٴ

Ҷ˵ǰǲҪĹĹǲòõĶ

òãʲô

һ³ľһƿȪ

ŮûлشǿԶҶҲȥ

ܸоŮɻؿŰҶ

Ҷ۾һתǰЩ߻Щ֣ڴĹ⣬ҸЩ˸ߣԶҲ⣬ҵҪΣ

ŮؿŰҶȻ˵ͷôˣԼȻӦùȴ鷳⣬԰ҶҲȤһͨͨķ˾Ȼ֪ô飬Աߵ߿ȥӣ˹飬Ūס

ĲҽȻԱߴĸѾûֱһ¡

Ůüͷ˦ķһƬɳֱ˵ĲϣĿԴһӵ˵ϣܵһ£ȻõŰʬйͷ֮ޡ

๼ŮȻҶ˵ΰң

ЩߵΪӦòǺܸߣЩ˾ͿԸ㶨һ֣һ־ͽС࣬Щ֣ͽҡ

Ů˵ûҪҲԳ֡

ҶЦ˵ԣһһ

ã

ʱǸϴ峤˹йһб뼤ĳ࣬ͷҲ࣬ûΪԼΪڣҶллйޣ

Ҷ˵˼ңҸҴµ󷨣һǶ죬ҾʹŴȥ𣡡

ãã

峤ߺЩ˷ųԹȥʼ˺ҧľʬ壬һ⣬ǸСĵһץסߵԪӤ˳ŻŵطԶȥ

ҶŮû뿪

ͨ籨ҲǺ£һѶˣСԱ˵ţȻ⻰Ҳ˵˼

ǰƺնɹھŴνû೤ʱ䣬ȱƣӣ

Ҷгһֻ룬ѾźϺ«ɾƣɾһ¶棬䣬Ʈ㡣

Ůһ㶣ȻϾȻ¶΢΢Цݣֽӹ룬ͷȫ£



ʮ ̽

һھ¶ǣŮϱ΢΢ĺΣѾİ֮壬ԭ֭ԭζɾƣҲܵ

ζһ£ŮûѯʰҶľģֻ֣۾ŰҶ

ҶȻе˼ָһ룬ΣŮ˰ҶеϺ«Ҳֻǿһ۶ѣ֮ͰעתƵ˾ϡ

ǳǳغһڣ۾⣬صתþˮζᣬ£쵽θγ˵ζһѿ˻泩

Ů۾СһڣͬϸϸƷζϸϸ׽һƾȻ˰ʱ

ҺȰɣŮ

ãҶóֻ룬СһһѾƵ룬ŮͰҶԺ޹˼ɵغȣСҪСǳǳžˮ

ֻŮͰҶҲ˵ƺϬһ㣬ơ롢һǳֹûжĶûжĻ⣬˽ֻǺȾƣһȣһֱȵϡ

ܵԻЩ󷨵Ȼڲͣϰʳ㡢㽥Ʈɢ

ɷ򣡡Ů䲻ðôһ仰Ҷؿ

ŮѾǺΣԭСɾµףʱ͸ſɰ

ǧǰҳʶమһУһҲǺҲػɽڣңֻΪģӱˣĴصջǱҵȡģһǺȣȴʱǧദǧమջǷֿˣҸĹȻ˸εĵط־ǧ꣬ڴгɣڻȴΡ

Ů˵ţϵĺҲñ䣬˵Щҧгݵ˵һҪҵǸˣҲҪɱЩĵģҲŹ

ҶĹ£еģһ֮·һƽˮɣֲ졭

һҪҵǸˣһŹЩˡ

ŮЩ϶ǼɵˣʱȴͨŮһ㣬ʼ㱣ʼƣʼ˯ȥ

Ů޵ŵù㣬Ȼô˯ȥˣڰҶ

Ҷһھƣ̾Ϣһ㲻֪ɾƶƻεġ

Ҷ룬ȶʼϢ

ҶȻʣһ̲ס㡣

ʲô⣿

ʲôɷɷ鷨鷨ɽʱҾ͸оɢħܻںҲﵽһĵزΪʲô

ҶԴһոճͣû

ô˵

˵ĻǵɽʱͿʼģǽ壬ʹκηֻƾֽ󷨣żʵʩֶΣֶʮޣϸ־û˿֮䣬鵽һ˵ĸܣ常˵Ȼݣǿ￴ֱӣУʱ̣һʵڵĸܺҵֶҲûյķӣüˣֵõһַ˸صֶΣúôǾ޴ڱħѹơܵʱô

ֹʵӣ˵˾ڵҲеƽǿһǷתңо⣬ȴڶľӣʲôұģʲôƾ졭

Ҷû˿Ϊ̫߳࣬Ϊ˵䣬ԾĹ۽磬ҵ򣡡

ԣҶԼĸ˵ܸܲһЩ飬ϾʵǸ߳Ҷܶࡣ

Ҷ֮ȻĹѧҲֻнʩչңҪо⶯Ҳף㲻þжγ˲ܴﵽÿϢת˽ںϸУٿЩͺܿȫأֱӴﵽ豹棬߾ˣ

ûжٽ飬ֻܸ㣬أأת죬ת죬أѭ󣡡

ĻҶףЩҲǺĹıʣҪԼ

һһޣһ̽ţһߵţתۣʱɫһ¿ʼ



ʮ ֮

ɽҰ䣬ĵģһֻҰҴææܹ¹һ£һɽϹâһһϰĴӡ

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Ұɵĺ˹񣬵λɽĴھӵĴ¹ˡ

ͷڵ˵֪ˣǼ۲죬ȰЩ߸ߣٳ֡

ǣ

ҰִҴҵ뿪

磬⾧ĺ

ͷڵЦȻϾѾҪˣֵܣҲֻǸŮˣֿ϶û⡣

Ҳɹ˴νˣԸһնɹŽٵŮӦû⣡

ûǰһ˲ãֵܣĹõǾʬ壬Ӧþܲ͸ĵʱһٷɽ磬Ҳܻ÷ˮ𣡡

Ǻǣûһ

ȣ

ٴξٱʹ

ɽ·ϣҶСŮһŮеľӣһ֮ʱˣǧûеõõѵõĶݵϢ˱ɶˣһҲûı䣬ЩƽͣС죬СҲĵС˵ͣ

˺棬ʮˣǾѵѾܷǳµ󷨣죬һ

һû˿ڣô󷽷ؽɽ·û೤ʱ䣬ܿɽѾýһƬĴׯ档

ĹڣҲԭ˴ׯʱȫǺڵģֻһ󶴳ڶ⣬վżڷڡ

ɽµ·ԭӵĳӣǴƽʱ̯ɹʳĳأܴ󣬰ҶǸ̤أ㿴صһͷһȺվΪ׵һĸߴģεģˣͷϲһӣǽɫףһߵļһͷ

ƽУվһµСˣǰҶǹߵԪӤ

ԪӤֱ˵˵ţָŰҶǣ˼ǣǣ

ɻ֪λ˭ΪŰɱͽ

Сǰһ֪߳ܣɱˣǲʩԱѵҲ𣿡

ߣ֮ϧǵͽܣǧ࣬м꣬أε֮䣬ЩαȽϣŰɱټ𣿡

Ǹ˵дʡ

Сͷ˿ҶҶ۾Щ˼ؿǸ޳ܵģûô޳ܵģ˻۾Ȼ˵ôûʡԴǣƱ磬֪

СװҶ˼Ż˵˴Բѣ˵ģкȨѰĹ

Ǻǣʱŵʱˣֻһ߲ʬǱʬŰкβɣ

Ļ䣬ӵķɨ˳ȥ䡱һΪǵļһﱻˣԭȵģһӱǱ

ͻıЩסˣԭΪֶֻ΢ЩûȻ֮ߣһˡ

һһұ˵סߵ˵ŮΪ̫ߣǿ͸ҪҪʱرܣ

ұߵ˵ҲˣǱ߾һŮˣľһֻСôˣʲô

ϧʦֲ֪ȥˣȻָ

ߵ˵֣ԹнʩչԵŴϽɱ

˶ͷͬʱʼµӣò׼

ҶѾ˵Ƕɢɣ

Щ׼ɢ

ҪʲôŮҪЩԸ𣿡ʵ

ӡӦǣ

ҪǻЩһٺɱ

Ҳûܵķ˷УֻϢС;ϡ

ʮĳվһȦ˻Ȼּܸʱȣİ£֮ܿͱһĺɱ˲



ʮ߽ 

˵ʱҪĹͣʮֻǲӣϾڲɱҰޣǸ߼߶ս벻Լ˰װ

ɱһ𣬳е䱸

֣²ɣЩж

Ϊ˴ж죬ָɵ˸ԽһԸܵķˣϣɱǸŮˡ

ж߷׷óͬʱչ

ߵսʱ󷨣еƽʱϰԴʱʹ˿ɬˮ㣬ƬѤõĹ⻪ڳ

ҶСһۣСᣬóֱǰĿͷĻˡ

СһӦùʵ

Ҷ˵£ǱֻһˣСҲӦ˿ȴǿﵽ

ǿ

ǿžǣ

˾ôվڳ⣬ܽӿۿɼĺɫصϢǣָʼܣõĻ

ЩߵĹѸٰȥǵжȫԽԽңǵжȻ裬Сȴˮа㣬Ļµжӳˡ

ܵ˵ɱԽԽǿʢԽԽ꣬ЩУһЩ⣬վվˣͷĻ˾Īؿܡ

Ҫˣȳһ壬Щ뿪ߵˣ

˶ͷԵͬһ壬ԭԸӵתԸܵ

жʱСıֱӳͷĻնȥǻòֵֿ󷨶ʱһ˿϶񱩵룬һЩͼĵһӱöᡣ

СಢսѸתƣһ˹ȥжܿ죬ȴ裬Ȼ׷ֻܿһӵҲò֣󷨱񱩵ɢ

ɱ

˶֪ôһֱңǵĻʵ̫׻ңõֶξɱ

ڳ⣬ҡͷһȺ

ҶЦȲ˵ǵ󷨴ֲڣҲ϶ûôҵжȻæңԣΪߣСҲǿӦù

ЩȷʵϵΪ˷ˣҲ˵

Ȼ˵Ҷ˹ˡ

Ҷûоʣʲôˣ

һԱߵŮ޲ΪˣӶԼٶȿ

Ƭ̺Աߵľ͵̧ͷ򶫷ü͸ŷŭ

ҶҲоˣǸϢͣƺûмǰ˼

˭Ҷʵ

ˣ

ǿɱɷ򣿡Ҷʵ

˦ŷ㲻ǣҲѲ˸ϵ

һգ˵ǧ𣿼Ȼ˾ͲҪôˣ

һһСͷڿУӸоͷû𣬼۾Ҳǻǲӡ

ǧ˿žӣβŵҵ˭ԭ㣬Ѿǧˣôڳ

òܣֻΪʲô

ǧȿ˿棬üͷ£ô£

Ȼشң

ǧ˿ž£ҽӵʥţ˵˴Ĺڴ˴ȴħ谭ǰ

ߣߵһȺ쵰ɷĹЩƾʲô

ʱĻսеǰǣħˣ

뵽ӦǸʧ˵ʦ֧Ԯ

ǧȿһɱľӣֿƣ£ھɽҲ㽻֣ϣܷǣɷĹȻʥ

ʥ𣿽˾ͱߣҪЩ̰ļһȫֻأ

Ȼų߲ʹâɫëͣ˵βһƯ

еŮһ־ƴ𣿡

ҶϿգܸоЩʹ̺ǿëư磬֪ʲô

ǧ˱ͻѹĺ˺üȵ˵ӥնβ

ɣ¸˵ֱùëʹһֱǰëǰܿǱѹĿռ䣬ϲš

ǧҲ˵йâһһѿɫǰסӿǿơ

Ϸ˿ʼײ棬Сӿ˽ŲܵҲʼ߶ɱ



ʮ˽ Ӧ

ɱһ𣬳жʱ𣬿񱩵һɢɿݣЩϵйʵģѾʼ벻ˡ

˵мǿĶѾʼɽˣκǸûôɱҲûôҵҪǣѾȫԼǣǵǸУʵ

ΧͰװˮľʤЩְװôߵΪһǣСĸţĶƣ̬

һСıһ˵ĸ첲Ȼ˲ӳɱ󷨵ƣȻͬʱѻһֿˡ

ˣǵ𣿡СȻҶʵ

ҶֻƬ̣ͷ

С˷ܣ󵤣ڣ󵤾ĲͣҲӦСٻСָ󵤣һ

ؿڱһѪܵ˿ڣǰδеʹĴԣʬΡʬŰ꣡

ֻǣ̧ͷŭĿԲʱһŰӿҲʲôٽʹֻ̣оӽ⴫һɼϢȫ˲䱻ס

ûʱӦ󵤰СָӣȻֱ˿У˺Ѫ⣬˽ȥ

ԪӤûб⣬овȻ䣬İͰסϷϰ

ԪӤϵƽʱСס˿̣滹ɱħ󷨴ڣԪӤҲܵӰ죬һ

ŭ־塢ӻԪӤϷ׹һôȫ˽ȥҲںʴ£˲֧顣

̽˺һᣬ˼״Ҳûпæôؿǵ챻ɱԪӤûӳ

Ƿŭǿ־壬ÿϰŵ죬˵壬񲻶˸ܡ

Сջ󵤣ûͣٴǸԼ˸첲˷ȥǼһۼԼе󷨣ȥ

û󷨵ʵһ˳ʱӰҶкȻһϸĺߣ˲סڿжá

ǰһӰΧȰɢʱҲˣԪӤҲûˡ

ҶԱ߿ţҲ֪Լʲô飬ʱ˵ˣȡԪӤСĳȷʵǳã󵤵ĵסǵĻǣֻҪСԸ⣬ôŰУ

ȻҶ̧ͷһˣ

˵߰ɣģڣһٸҲûʲô

ֻҪǣסһˣһԼԸ

ԣ

Ҷһ£Լ²Ĺǿʲô̶ȡ

ľڵ˲ﵽÿϢתİ£Ҷ˲ƶһɽϡ

ܶǸо˾Ӻǧ˵ƴɱŸģһǷȻħԼ˿˿֮

˻ҵû׹Ϳǰһһͳǰ

ҶĵϸһĿȻǵĿ⼯еҶʱɡ

ܸ૵ľľɵĽ

˵־Ҫ

Ҷѷ˶֣ɰҶԸǸˡ

һ˫ҶʶɵضͬʱһһԲȦͣɵԲȦһϡ

䡱һСԲȦȻ쳣ҵıը

ĿɿڴָֻˣֻһٴΰҶҶվɻһԲȦйâʢȦײ˲䣬һƮȥ˹ȥǹȦҲһɢˡ

ʲôˣ뵽Ҷ˲ƳֵģңղſԼ۾֣ҶǸԲȦȻһŨ󷨣ȥֻһʵȴ˲ı仯˶ܣ޷ƽ⣡

ʲôˣʲôҶʵ

ӥʥɽĹ磬ܹȵܣǶǴɽȻǰĹߣ

ɽƺǰһ˸ˣһ֣ƺֹҪĹ߰ɣ

ҶѾоˣǰоǸ

ò׼Ҷʲôͷһ˼˵죬ǽһ£뿪

ã



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ҶȻӦˣ֪Щֻ˵˵˭뿪أ

һѽӸëЩƣҺɫģ·治ʱطɫĹ⣬ѿնġ䡱졣

ҶڵĲ򲻶תţһ˿һı仯Ӧģָоʵ̫ˣҪȻŽӰ죬ȫɵؽн

ڣľĽֻǻȦ򵥵󷨽ƣʱٳЩܻӵġ

䡱󷨽ٴ빫ײһ

󷨽ȻǺǿԹĴҲʵڵģüײһȥЩǱϴôһᣬȻҶ嶼ûɵЩꡣ

ৡ

ڰҶ˲İһģһĽѰҶȫΧͬʱİѽҲתֱָҶ⡣

ҶûжܣҲͬʱתľϵǣţܿһС͵Ļ֣Ȼһӽնһ

䣡ҶȻ˻

ˣǧβȻɽʵ̫ûϣ

ЦȻȻֱſѪЩ϶ʱѪĽɱڡ

ȻѾѪˣÿҰҶѽǰ˵

Сʹ괬С͸ŹŹ֣ұصһ£

һɱڵĽǿҵɱԼٶȴİҶ

Ƹ·ӣҶҲûӣͬʱ˵֣

ۡİѽͬʱ̵˰Ҷ壬̽һҵȣͱľһһ˹ơ

ٺ٣ûأתһҪѰҶΧն

ù羪ȵǣİѽ޷Ӧϸʱȴ֣ӽ⿪ʼһɺɫϢһʴš

˷ѣ⽣Ȼһ㣬ôҲǰѽý൱ڰֱӻٵˣڰҶ˵š

ҶֻЦЦĻڵĽʱ꣬ǸĶ˷ʣصɽ϶Ҫÿ

ңҶڿ˼һָͷֲϵģ

֪Ҷһҧľնİѽžžصȥǽһںڶʱɢһᣬѽ͸Żɫûһ

İѽνӦˣҲȻڵѪЩҲˤȥ

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Ѿ⣬԰Ҷ˹ļһֻܵ۾ŲʣȥԱʱԼ߻һˡ

ϵܣе

վһԭƣ˭

ܣϵѾˣܶסֻˣѵ

ܹհĿͣ˰Ҷϡ

뿪Ժ󶼲⣬⿪ĽƣǵѪ˵

ʱҶһϢҶ΢΢һЦ⿪ףи

ʲô

ԺǿҪĹˣ

ĹܣҪĹˣⲻ

ǾͶˣҶľԺŸղ봫ĶƬ̼䣬һһҵɵɡ

Ķɶ㹻ˣֻ⽣ϵ̫ʵڲ̾Ϣ

Ҷȴ⣬ṩķ֮ǰֶӦɣ޵ַһ¥ˡ

һγɱѪ˫ۣƵؿǶˡ

˱壬ĸӦҪеĶܱ࣬סˣȻܿЩ΢΢Ķʵûϵֻйϵ

Ҷľһ㣬ܶˣ˲ƶǰγһæûϣȷǿһ֪еӲͷˡ

ߵĻ߿ߵĻͷԣĹˣҶȻ˵š

ܻ࿴һۣȻֻӴ˶ݵʱ䣬ѾԿ϶Ҷǿвɵ˼ƴһսʵʵĹˣ

˺һᣬͬһ£

ãİɣ

ͬʱģ˵ڷǰĹĹˣ

ǸշģʹǿƮɳӣֱɵҶɵߣſˡ

ĿɿڴɵȻǵ飿ѵ

ʮԻ󣬰ҶǱֳģƽǹءͷʹѣȴΡ

ȻǳĹˣĹǸóˣҶһӣϷϣһתɢ



ڰʮ ħ

ԶĿУӺǧ˵սȻڼӵķëǧ˵һ澵ӣǧȻ˭Ҳκβ˭

·ʧȥӵǱɱģ̱С壬ĿνףСڴ߲緢Щ˵ֱǶħ

ȥǾӣû˿ˣȻԣó֡

˵գֱһԺڰĴڵطǧ˷ӱ⣬ᡣ

ӻͷ˰Ҷһۣ˭֣

˵գǧȾֻ÷һߣٵȴʱ

ҶֻĹ̫ˣҲٽһӣ

˵գִ˰ҶһϢҶüͷܿչǾðɡ

˵˾Ҫĸë

ʲô

ĽǱŪȻٸİѡ

ҶתԱ˾ĸë

˾ӥϵķ󲿷ֶǿëɵģÿһ˵ҪڰҶҪһᣬժĸë

˾԰Ҷɻ̫ȻЩѵĸо

Ҷܸܵ˼аЦô𣿡

ӹë˲䱻գɽҲǶĴڣССķȻò˶ʱ䣬⣬ȻħȴȱЩĸëܿϡ

һյĹ򣬰Ҷһĸ˸ëҶܸоڵİë˾֮ǰֻò

㣡Ҷë˾磬˾㶵ؽ

⡭ǡ

˾翴еĽЩմˣëģĸӦû˱ˣǿôµ˾һӳ档

Ҷǿ档

ԥ˵

Ҷû˵֣зһɺֻ̣棬˲䣬ֶֻˡ

棬ɱ⳩εС࣬ȻеһѹӿѹȻһ̧ͷȥֻħڿвϽ֯ײһһ쵽趯İҶ

ʶģС༱ٷɿɱûӰ죬׾뵽⣬ЩѹƵŵߣС뿪ʱ˿ԽԽǣвзŭߣ򵨱һɱЩϡ

ǻû߳ǿѹ͹ͬʱھһַ֣Լˣܵħһؾһѹм伷

ۡļΪ͵˵һӱƵĹѵ񾭹˿ÿ˵ĶͬʱҲʬУɳһЩҰ׵ħգֱӱҶգߵĻǣ

ꣿÿ߶ľսȫԣǼɱҲ뱻꣬ǽóʹ࣡

ɲѡѹԽԽԽԽǿۡۡͣûһᣬɱе˾ȫƬ

άɱǣܵħӰ죬˾ȫûзӦȫҲš

ҶûͣС˵С࣬еĻǷų

ã

С³󵤣ʱҰ׵ӰӴɳ˲ֱ˿˿ħƣϽɱķΧڡ

ҶкڹʤһƬҰ׵ɫ£ֱӻѪС

Щˣڣܿ죬ЩǱħ½ѪУϵ

Уǧ뾧ӶսʱҲע棬ʼ֪Ҷʲô֪ɵ˿ν׶༪٣һʱǧо˸ЩҧгݣȫȻѾһξ롣

ڣǧ˵ĸ֣Ȼȫ뿪ˣҲþһʱûӦ

һɹ˾Ŵνѵܣ⣬ûס⣬Ҳ˵˲֣ǧˣûӰ

û˶֣˿ת棬ֻ͵ıһǿƣɫɢվһʣЩ֪ġ塱

ǿ壬ҲǱ壬ղţǶյһϢҪڴػһ֮꣬Ƴ½ֻأ



ڰʮһ ɽ

ô£ӿߵܺǱȻ˼˾ԼվŲ壬Ҷʵ

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һ㶣û壬вװҶģҲ֪ĵʲô

Ӷ԰ҶķǺͬģ˵ãղɱߵѾǧȿˣûɣ϶Ϊнͨߣн뾡һа취˳

ҶЦţ˵ҰҶ£˶𣿡

ҲЦˣ˵ãС࣬Ҳ

Сڲ鿴յԼΪϲţӵĻæӦţ˰ҶԱߡ

˶ţֱӴѾըͨ

ͨǰ߷ѾĻ벼õĽԱĸӣӲûƻ벼õĽƣֻǵ˽Ʊϣ㱻סˡ

˺ܿµ˽Ҳһ㶣ƲҲõģǰôûо

ҶѾõ봫ƽ˵ѾǧûȥˣȻж˴⣡

ľ۳ɾһ߽ǵͼֱӡ˽ϣһ˲ʧ

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һѧģҲƵȻҲõģ

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ǰ˾ͬ޹ߣɹǧʱ⡭

վһԻţҶСҲţԹ۲ܡ

⣡Ȼ˵

ʲô⣿

ʬûˣ

Ҷüͷһ壬ܴĽưʬŪߣѵɽˣ

ǣֻҪӵʬԭģȻֱԶȡʬ塭

ҪҶͣȻͣҶһᣬ붼û˵ѯʱȻеָһⷢʵĹ⡣

Ϣк

壿Ҷû塣

ɽԭɽһ壬ǧǰûˣֻԱЩһĺǱɽǱ׼Ź⸴

ɽһ壿ĺ⸴Ҷɽܶ࣬ȴû˿ӴЩϢ

˱ǵӰӣǸӥ޵ʬ壬϶Ҫа壬һӵĵа壬ոճҲɳʵ

⻰ҶһɳʵһҪǧ궼ܱ֤ʵʲôаȻճ;ӵУ

ҶòҪͣõȥѰĲϣҪǰ׼ңƳǾ

벨ϢƽҲָƽ

ҶͷȻ˽һǰ㶼㲻ϣܹоء

ӽָ̬˵ţҽȥҪĶ

˵ձ߽ǰһСľҶ˵ôȥԼɷˣҪ裿

ᣬиٵģֶθߵĺܣŮ޿ģ

ֻһᣬӾ˳һӺһöʯͷ

ҪĶʯͷǸСģԵǵҷõʯЩкܺõЧӰѶҶСࡣ

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СмͬʱҲڲϵԼĵľŰҶȻǸǵѡ⿿Լ֪ʲôʱܳͷ

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ӵͷ˵ǺǿҲûʲôҪ˵ģпտԹҷ֮ǰǲ뿪ģ

ãǣҶ֣㿴С࣬Сᣬһתɱߡ

ҶֱС౳ϣת۱ȥֱ֮ϡ



ڰʮ 

ȥ

ɣǧ֮һɽϣ

Ҷֻͷ˿૵һ붫Զˡ

ԶˣȥһվҪˣ

ҶЦЦ˵һѶʡĶߣ

СමȻ٣ǰƲ纣˰ӲҲ㣬ֱֱȥ

˰죬ǱһƬɽͣС˶ԴŤţ۾·ˣ𣿡

Ҷ·ܸߣǿĸоǺܺãԺд⸽һöѣҲһɽ¡

ʲôʱ飿

Լǰ

ѣؼΪԭƼ㼯ᣬõºɵĽᾧȻѲγɣȴټΪԲķΧֻһڣļγɵҲᱻǴڵһ̵

ڿѲһᣬҶʵ磬ϴǸĹûȥ֪⣬ôҪѰң

Ҳ֣ԼһƬƬԶܸоڽˣȴ˿û˸о

㶼Ҳѵģ

ûǷų˿˿ĺߣ˲鲼ؼ䡣

ֹһᣬȻһ

СҲ漴תȥ

һʱ䣬ҶԶԶĿһľֻһ߸ɽȻмһ룬°벿ֻģֻʣ°׶ӣܹ⻬һ

ҶԺжʱһ֣ɽ

ȻϷһڹ⣬Сס˲䣬ƶ˰ɽĶϡ

Сһ㶣Ȼ͸оǰһȻײһϡ

ȥΣҶ

Сһתһڹǰţɵȱ˰ɽƽ̨ϣϹâһͰҶվһ

ǰ棬վĸˣ˵װȫһͷųͷƤȫ޵ĺɫʺͷڣӣѪı۾Ҳ߳ĺâ

˳ǶǰΧм䣬һˣ˵·ƤŹԱ߷ż֧ɫļȶ۾ͷƮһ㱡ϼ⡣

ѵǸԻҶ૵

ԻʲôԻʵ

ҶѵĹ½һ飬ͬʱŤͷȥǹ⻬ͱϣֳӰ

壿ʣһᣬӦǸӦѣѵԣǵҲʮ㣬㿴Իͷϼ⣬ҵƬǵԣΪѽ˽ƣҵƬҲҲǿջأƬȫһˣ

Ҷ˵ĻܾȣƬƬ뻹ûħʱƬͳƬһͨͨķ壬ƳĽƣƬˣǲЩ췽ҹ̷

˵ƽ˽ƣ˵ǽƳǣԲЩ飡͵

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֪ʲô𣿡ʵ

Ҷ۾ڵĲתʶ˲һжӳС

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ǣˣ

Сб˲հҶķԸ˹ȥ

֪ˣʵ

֪ʲô϶Ǻ£Ұǵˣϸʣ

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СĽܿһ飬ȻѸٻصҶߣˡ

Ҷóľǰһ㣬һɳֱǰһʯͷҽˮУ΢˻һܹâ˸ȼ˻ҩһұӿҼٵУͬʱڵѪѪ۾ͬʱҶ

˺һһװͬģͬڸͬʵ˭

˭Ҷʵ

˻࿴һֿۣ˿мԻͷâȻҪ뿪

˵ΪǶɹߴνѵˣҪ뿪ĻŰҶСסǸշ˼ɾ룬ͱ˿˿ĺ߲סߵķһڵϡ

˶ȵؿԼ壬ǲûзʲô쳣Ǹղȴһ˫קס˽ţɲ

˲аַȻ˵ϣƾôŬǷɾ͵ڵϣ˺üΣǲſҶ˽䱸

ǵ˭ʲôҶʵ



ڰʮ 

̻ͬշħ

˵Ҷüͷ˵ǵĻƺЩ!

⣬˵һѾħСıӰ쵽񣡡

Ҷͷʵʲôշħôħģ

֮£ûȨ֪˭ΪʲôҪǣȻͬͬ

ҶеԱߵСබһ£æְĺԣһ£Сһ飬۾ָɡ

˿ŰҶ˲˸ǿĵ⣬ͬʱ˶Ŷ֣ŰҶ

Ҷ֪ҪʲôҲֱֱؿǡ

˵ϺȻ¶ЦݣͬʱѪɫĹâϷ

˲䣬зŨŨĺѰҶСذҶ͸еһܵѹ֣ؿһ𣬲Ѫ

ôˣҶʵ

ˣö˶˵ģһȻͬʱԱˣһõһֵķԱȫеϡ

Ҷô˵ҲǺ֣⻰û˵䣬ȻԱˣ˵Դ

ɫУҶֻеŰ⻬ƽ̨һҵĹ֣Լ߸ǳһĴӣҪǽһźţԼܾѾȥˡ

ҶͬʱҲ֣ԱȻֻôСƻҪ֪һɹνѵĸԱɽͷҲȫըƽģ

õʲôַȻܿԱҶ˵

Ҳ֪Բû˵

ǸԻȻƺĳ״̬УǾģֻԼԼ

СԻЩʶ˵һԱյķţԸǿĵ˶û·ʱַŰԼȫգǿһֲľ磬ȻһʱԼ

ҶɺԱߵʯϣⱻϼŵԻ˵ȱ𾪶ˣ

ҶŤͷͱȥɽʱʮֺеܲϸ

ͱȻ⻬羵ղ˵Ա˿ûӰ쵽ϿȥܿЩͼӰһ

ʣʣ֮ʣڿҲ˶ʣ

ҶڵĲٴμתҪȫʶȥӦͼӰΪ֪ЩͼӰֹӰ

Ȼȫ֪£ЩӰӶˣ񵱳ͼӰһȫɽļַʿĽֻǱ

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һԵС࣬Ҷ붨ˣܲ¸ֽƣԷҶܵţͬʱҲһԣһ߾ţһյ

룬Ȥڹ۲Ҷ԰ҶĹܸȤȻҶˣǺţһо˾ȻȫתɵĲҪֻ֪زͬתо⣡

ģ뷢֣Ҷ˱ԽԽȻУоȴûʲôţ԰Ҷı仯Ҳ쳣С

СӵĹȻأȥҶоˣ

뻯һڹ⣬зɳڰԳ뱾ࡣ

գ³ŨŨḷ́˲鲼ܣƽ̨סˣȻֻɺ̣ɵСԱߣСüļһź롣

СޣһʱѲھȥռˣ

ɷ˵ģСȫסһӷɵ˰գڹһɫĴ֣߳ȥ

ҶȻվ񵱳һοЩͼӰһ糱ˮеĸӿֳȫ֪¡

㱼䣬ʮȥˣڼ䣬СʱȴְҶû˿ѵ˼ܵĽҲûʲô仯ǸȫûӰּѰұĲϡ

ǸԻԱȻûд򿪣аҶһţ˵ҲԵùµ

һ죬Сٴλ뻯ɺУռĲϷŽȥȻһȫµĿվһԡ

Сʵǰʲôʱ

˵Ȼ֪ʱ䣬Ӧÿˣڣ˾ͺؼͨһʯͷңǿѰңҲȥ

СͷԼиоڵİҶǰͺ񲻴ƵģȻܿǰȴôץҲץĸо

С룬ɡһͻأسڿС



ڰʮĽ ﾵ

һϲóһƬӸСˣ

˵꣬Сѯʣͻһڹ⣬ʣʧ

СƬûʲôɹǵģա

һۺɫ͸ģһܴĴԵЧǺܺá

ʮʱ䣬Сľʱ䣬֪ߵĺ룬ɽĶڣһССߣʲô㣬ԣóʮֵľ

ΪŬ벢ûпӣϵָ㣬ҶĹͷβһ飬ڣֻҪУǰҪϵز

⣬ʮ䣬СȥĵطЩĵرЩͰҶòŵĶȫС࣬İ£СȻոնɵһ٣ʱȥΪһҲЩɹٵֲı߸ǳʮɣɫۼҲϼ⣬ĵرԶ˵Եʡ

Сﻹı£

ȥתʮ꣬СְҶʲôüܸоҶˣתۼ䣬ֽ翵״̬øǰһ

ǸԻҲȻʣϼţ֪²

СȻǽ࣬ڣѾѰҶĹȫڷ䣬ǲҪʲôˣҪĽǲϻΪ

˵İȻ⿿ԼҪ߰˰һ顭֪ʲôʱ˲˵𣿡

Сţžվ˶ʮİҶ

ҶԼأʵ뿪ûõʱˣѺûۣǹ۲Լı仯

ڵתٶѾÿϢʮתɴ˴Եı仯ڲʵʵʵڵĳͺɽ翴ˮһ

ģǰҶԼϵ¶ʵеľҲ˵ʵУ԰ҶΪģ뾶ʮɾһжӳϣС벼õĽҲ⡣

ǣСĽƣϵչֳһ㣬ǽƽڵ㣬ʵУܷСĽƽڵ㣬϶ֲĽƽڵ㣬Ͼֶ̫ߣСϣһжΣ

оǣΧ־֧䣡

ǷҶûȫѣǼͱϵͼӰ⣬Ϊֻһ·ͨ·ÿԼ

ԣ־ʮ꣬СٶȴﵽÿϢתչֵĳ뾶Ҳչǧɵľ룬ʵУΪģ뾶ǧɵķΧڣжӡУû˿©ȻҪСתά֣ƣǾֻмɶѡ

Ҫʱһ˿ӿͷ˼˲չ뵽һ붨֪˶ã

ͬʱҲ۾̧ͷգ૵Ž찡㻹濴ң

Ҷ۾Сɹȥˣˣ

Сı仯ҶһĿȻЦˣ˶ˣ

СЩҿҶ۾оڰҶĿ£Լͺ͸һҶʻЩŤתĿ⣬붨ܹ˶ʮ꣬ʮǰ뿪ˣҰ㣡

뿪ҶҲ֪ӹƬ񣬿ʼ鿴Ϣ

Ǳ¹ȥģ֪¹ɽʲôӦҪˣͬʱҲ˰ҶʣϵλãԼƽϵҪռЩϣƳǾȻ׼ҿܸɽ綼Ϳ̿

ɽͿ̿˼ҪˣҶƬ

ˣʲôʱȥұĲϣСѾһЩ˽⡣

ѲǻûһԻ

ҶǸȥСֵʣҽ

ҶԱߣָСֻоζһӶָϻۣܿ죬Ҷָ۳һĹ㡣

ڰҶڣ˵һжӡҽ󷨷ֲЩ䣬ҶҲЩ󷨣ҲŪ˸ƽ⡣

Źָͷ˶ͷһ㣬е

ȫһһ˫۾Ȼ



ڰʮ 

۾ͷƯϼⶸȻϢһ󶶶

˵۾ʼɣŤͷܿ˿ҶС࣬ſʵʲôʱ򣿡

СǶʮǰ㣬ڶԸ㣬ǶѾˣ

һ㶣۾Ƭ̺ϲڣû֣

ʵѣǲʶҶʵ

ʣʡŶˣȷʵһ˽ʣ

վҶСһ񣬰ҶС಻֪Ϊιʣˡ

˵ЩӦǸߵģҲӦŪѵңȻҲǱץߣҪſѣлλ

ҶЦǾͲлˣҪΪѰѵģ

Ȼû֣뵽ʲô¶Ц˵С磬û´ĻѾ嵱ʥѵʱͱȥ

ˣôΪ𣿡

Ҷһʣ㶣ȻҡͷЦ˵˻˵ˣ֪λܷ񵽺һˣ

ҶͷŰҶС೯ɽȥ

·ϣҶʵ˴磬ʲôʱʼģ

Цʲô·ӶûУнĹܱȣ˼ʵõ⣬ķӣ

ʵõҽգ

ûȻԶȺȴûȺнõһЩĸ򣬲һЩɼԭΪнһû뵽ȴ꣬

ʲôҶʵ

Ҳ֪ʲôģֻ֪ǰèϷӰŪȻҽ

Ƭ

֪˵Ǿȵؿ˿ҶС࣬Ȼ˵Ҳǹ˺ܳܳʱ֪ƬȱƽССһƬƬ춷

̾Ϣһ˵ҽһŲ˵ҿѪɫƣȻʲôˣǴֻϧһֶֻ򲻹ֻ֮ʹҽգĽգǶɹŴٵҲƿҪⱦˣ

Ҷ뵽ʱ˳ǶȻʱڽĳ󷨣ҪƬһֻǱԼˡ

˵ɽٶȺܿ죬ûþ͵һƽĵطȻһɽȪʹһéȪˮԱߡ

ɽˮ㣬ﻨ㣬ʮֵģ˵

˴éݵľţðҶС

Ȼ˶ʮ꣬Ȼɾ࣬һľһľǽϹѾȫɵﻹһЩԵĹߡ

˸ǰһľӴ򿪣ܿʹóһƽİ˽ʯ

˰ʯϣ˵ʱʱľ󣡡

ڰ˽ʯ밴һ£ֻʯϹ˸ʣܿ죬һСɽǰ

һðҶ뵽ԼڵĲ򣬴ӲϿľʯĽǶȲࡣ

ʯʱһƬԿһЩɽ߶Ǿˡ

ȻɽϵճִƬĺƣ˸һ쳹أΥأ壡

һ£ֱӰɽϰ벿Ȼһ⣬˹һǴɽ£һɽܿͱƬĩڿ£ĲӰ

һɽûˣɽϵ˵ȻҲûˣֻһСͣܷ׵Ӱ죬ʱһֻܴץסС򣬰Ƭ̺ȻȴһƬǽ壡

Ա˵ţǵΣʱҵһӾĲˣʣµҲ׵ˣЩ׵һǵѪĺҲܵӰ죬ֱſڵ׵ɾȻ֮ǰҾѾˣ

ʯʾӰ죬ҶٴЩ嵱ˣַּȻûɽĺãнȴҪ߳ܶ࣬ǣûν󷨣ҲûνƣʯԼصֶΣЩŨν񹤣̾Ϊֹ

ͬʱҶҲ뵽Ӱбֳѣ˼ʵ˵㣬ҲѴﵽ˵ز룺ѵģ



ڰʮ ڼѰ

Ϊ벻ǲģҶҲжϡ

ǻ᲻ģҶԺֻܴĿǰ˵Ҳ̵֪ʲô

⣬Ҷ뵽һ飬ԱѾʮˣȴûΪΣ

λǲҪǸѣ˺Ȼʵ

Ҷͷ˵ȷʵǳҪ

˺ʲôƵģ΢Ѱʲôһְ취ҵ̵ڣǸù

ҶȤ˾ȻзҵһϢݵĵطģǼֱɽԤ֮

˵Ҫʱ׼λɣ

Ҷͷ˵ʲôҪģ羡ܷԸ

Ц˵ãͳȥһˣ

˵꣬ţҴҶȥ

ֻʣ°ҶС࣬Ҷ˿С࣬˵С࣬ûͱϵĹ

ˣ˺ü飬Щ⣬ʲôûˣСʵشš

ҶͷţⶫҲҪֵģǿĸһҪ͸ܿȫͼӰ϶ӱ

Ҷ˼һᣬһСϺ«˳˵С࣬죡

СԹԵſͣҶָں«ϣȻһӺ«һˮߣֱС

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֮ΪСľˣħŨЩ˿϶Ҫնħˣ԰ҶɾƵϢȥҲһΪ

ǶʮǰҶ϶Ҫһɹڣֵֻ㣬εҲҪ֮ǰķ

˴ԼһʱҶջ֣СҲﲻˣֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԾϵϢ

ҶҲ۾ȴ˵Ĳá

˰ѰҶС˳СһƽϣڷŰ˶ʯͷ˶ʯͷȥ£Ҷȴеط֮Ȼ̺ĳһļ¶

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ʯͷͲ϶ֶѵģӦöھľزã

Ҷ춼붨ˣԲûڿӦÿõḶ́ȻҲܲóű˲Ҳһرĸܡ

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ûôգŨŨḷֱ́ƮʣŻѺһܳĹͷڰ˶ʯͷ֮裬ﳪŸ衣

СһԿĪҶȴܽһУ̵ƮĻ⡢˵趯ĸЩ֯һðҶҲһ˿

ʱǲյĲˣ͵룬ӱ𳤹һɫļǹһ⣬ſ˵ԽԽ졣

ಡ

ۡ

ڼȥ˲䣬ҲſŴڵѪͬʱҶҲָæǰ

ǾѪжپѪһ˿ѪһԼָ

졭׷ȥܴȥ

ԵúήңҶ˼öһ˵֪׷ϣȳ£Ҫ

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Ҷóʮͬʱһöɫɹɽ磬Ѫкܺõá

˴磬Щ㶼ţȥ׷ˣ

˰ЩڻŰҶС࣬˵ˣΪ˱𣡡

ҶС඼ͷСමȻһ̣Ҷȥ

ϣСûлɱ壬Ͼıʵ̫Ӵ󣬺ۣκá

СŰҶٵطУԶԶģܸоǸڼǼٶһҲ׷һ׷ϡ

ɵĵطϷ׷һ죬½ѾһƬʱЩС֣ȴûʲô̡

ַ죬С࿿ŷҲЩƣˣڼȻٶȲֱǰسǰɡ

СǸʱڼȻ³ֱָת۾ˮС

Сſһ֣סͰҶҲһͷˮ

ˮСٶȴǼȴȻʣС׷ȥҶȴ˵ˣżѾҵˣ



ڰʮ߽ 

ˮлɵһƬǼѲ֪ȥС˸оֻ⣬ʲôرĵطûо

Ҷ򾲾ˮУƵؿǰɽ徴ܿˣ

Ҷָǰһ㣬֮ɵˮжȻһ㣬ȻϸϸĹߣЩٴ㣬ͬɢߣƬ̣ǰͳĵ

СĿɿڴؿЩڰҶΣûپȣϾԼһֱޱȵģȵǣǰȻͷҪ˵ܿţǲ󷨣޷ȷ

ˣǸô죿Сʵ

ң

Ҷ˫ʮָ϶Ź⣬һĹ켣ˮζ֯һᣬһŴγˡ

Ҷһƣӡϣ˽ȥԭһӡ

Ҷ漴ϣСҲڰҶ棬ŰҶֵĲߣϵĹ߲ϵرţҲȥ

ʮɵľ󣬺Զԭʲôûһ

Ǿǰ˰ʱҶһǰ濪·˲ɢѾһ

ɢͬʱܵľҲ˲ı䣬ܳ˻ɵˮ⣬һˮлζŵĹ⹬̻ԻͣӺü

ˣ𣿡Сʵ

ֻ󷨵㣬ĵطӦûҪߣղŽʱȻǻһʱʵȴѾǧ·ˣ

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С˻֣ҶԶγһ㵭ĹΣסˮʴѹȡ

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ҶŲǰĹȥСԱߡ

ԶԶģСͿһߴӹȽ˵ʱ򣬲ŷЩǴŴ۵ˣųһ߸ϹҶȻŲǰУҲû˵ʲô

һᣬڰҶǰվһŴŴ۵ļһЩɽϿ˵װȫһΪȴ˵ࡣ

˭ʲôһʵ

С࿴Ҷû˵ΪҪԼ˵뿪ڣҶĴɱ

Сһ㶣ͿҶľֱӳȥСҲæóͬɱȥ

Щ˵ΪȥԪӤңСȻ÷Ѷֱӿɱһʱŷ֣˵ʬȻһڻˣһ㶫Ҳû¡

ǱߣҶǴ̳һһʧ̶̵һʱ䣬һ˾Ͷ˵նɱʧɾ

ˣǡ

壡

СȻûʲôǳ壬Ҷ͵ץˣ÷ǴѪһţһιһֽߵȣȣ˳壬ղЩ˾ǣ

Ҷľ趯ֻɵˮкȻ׻Щ׻ˮ˼£ʧ

С࿴˳ҶղЩڵ˳ȡ

ȻͰǳˡ

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С࿴ŰҶǰߣȻ֪ҶſʵˣǵϳóȻȥ᲻ʲôף

ҶͷСæ˵ǵĵ̣ǿ϶ʲôŵֶΣǾˡ

Ǻǣûµģ߰ɣ

ҶЦЦǰߣС˵Сһ𣬸ŰҶ֣ھͰҶˣȥĪ̳Ѩгû˿־壬ֻЩİˡ

ѵҶôģСš

ҶҲܸоСĵģ˵ҶԼҲ֣ΪʲôԼôţΪʲôԼ޾⣿ǰڤڤһָоκΣգ

˺ܿ͵˹ǰҶ۾ڵĲתʾľΧҲȻӡ

Ƭ̺󣬰Ҷţһϣ⿴ȥʯĴžȻôߵķ˳ȥ

󷨣ڰҶΣһŸպϣܵһӳɢ󷨣˴ţ˿һ߷ţ

Ҷ߽ȥСҲŽȥһҲûУҶֻС˺ܿ͵˹еһڣҶһ֣ǰһŹš

С࣬ȽҶ⡣

СѾ֪ͷһ˽ȥҶŲʧ

žžһϸϸֶΣ״󣬰ʿ˸ɾɵҵ˴󣬲֪СǶĸɵģ

Ҷ򵭵˵óң



ڰʮ˽ 

ڸղŴ͵ʱ򣬰ҶܵһڵĲṩһʵӰӰһܴܳȣȱᴩͷβĺۼۼѪ쳣Ѫһ

ҶʶǳߵȾӣһ£ĳѪ߾ͿԷɽ磬ѪߣѾɽеĸˡ

ڰҶļУ׼ҵʿϣʿڼҳʳ֮λãʿУһȣгΪȺѪѾܲˣ԰׼ҶֻܲǺֳ꣬壬״׼Զ֣·䣬ʮǰˣ

Գ˴󣬰Ҷоһֱ˾ǳ

Ҷǰˣһˣȴ͸欣ʱһɻĿŰҶ

ûҵĻóңҶٴ˵

ϣС磬˴Сеģɹ˵ģУôֱӳƺ䣬ǲ̫СԼûأ

欵˿Ҷͨͨһ壬ΪŽһµ֮£

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ҶĻ䣬һɫӰһ쳣ߴĺӳǸʵĸ׼ң

ٷɳƽԪŭİ׼ңҶǺ˵

ʮĸǰ׼ɽͷ١ɳ͸Ԫǰ׼ҵļǰ׼Ұ¾һ飬ź׼ھϣһɻʴҷɽ仰һ£ΪɻʣǳĴڡ

ǺҶĻк˸Ǹ欵ȴ֪׼ҵʲôͷ

СӣҾǳҺ£ʵ

ҶƽֻѪߣûߵĵز⣬ʮʱ仹ߵΪ䵽̶ȣ

ӹЦ˵׼ңʲôǰҴ·䣬ΪϾɱ𣿡

Ӹ˵һ˹ιι粻ҪԴˣ

һιӴһ߳ҡһȣ϶Цݡ

Ҷüͷһ壬һߵĳȣϡ٣ߣģ

³Ī֪ţ⹫ӸҶʵ

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Ī֣׹ӣȻˣȵϢʲô飬Ǻú򲻿˺

ȻǸ欵˵ȥΪ׼Щʳˮ

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欵ת뿪ĪðҶ̬ȹ

Ҷܸое䣬û˵˳ųĪ߽˵ãǸߴĺӲؿųĪܣǸʲô

磬ǰ׼ҵˣڰ׼ңǵ˽ڴĽڵдһᣬȥ֪ͨ磡

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ĪһǺӴһŰҶ߽ȥղŵǸѾڵаһӵʹˮԹҶʳá

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ĪҶĵϸҲԶ֣˵Ȼˣ׹ԺҴڱչأȥ

˵ת뿪һԵĺӣһȥ

һᣬĪǺӱ㵽һȴǰǵ۾ܿתһϣ涤һɫļ֪ʲôʱȥġ

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ʲôһﴫúתע

Īһϲã磬𣿡

ſˣһϴŰ̺ۣͷɢڼ󣬻ûκ˳űһ˿Ϣţųﳳ֣ʲô飿

Īæǰ磬ɽ׼ҵˣ



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Īͷʣˣܿ͸Ϊ𣿡

Աߵĺӵһͨͨķˣ

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ĪͳۻȻԭˣ

磬Ǹô˵ԭ£һѰѣΪ屨𣬽˵еҪ࣡Ī˵

һ㶣֣һ£Ȼ˵˵Ǽǰһɽȡģͬʱ˵ص࣬ʱ⣬һеϢһֱû⣬ΪϢ̫ˣҺȻ뵽ǻƬȻôˣһڱչ֮ǰɳ̳ȥѰңܲҵйڿڶʮǰˣ

Īʣ˵Ҫ࣬ʲô飿

һЦǲ֪󻷾ԲԼĹ

Īһ㶣пʼ˼̸꣬Ĺֹϡķ䣬ҲԼٶУЩҲϷ㣬⣬ǵΪ߳ߣҲԲطɽ磬ڷ䣬ĪΪ⹦ǳģȴȷĸǣ⹦Ǳ˴ġ

⹦Ǹ˴ڵģ׼ҵСҪĻ᲻Ǹˣ

ĪЩ뷨

ûô룬ʣ磬㵹˵ôԸСӣ˵ʵҿһ

ұ뷲һ̿ʼҾѾ׼ƲˣڸˣԣСǳȥˣǻ̫ҪذŪ

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Īӣ磬Ҫĸɾ仹Ѫú

ѪǳķǱ飬Ϣػһ̲ѪˮѪա

һЦ˵ߣȥ׼ҵķ

˲ԭ뿪ٳʱѾҶԶĵط

ҶˣȻ֪Ǹǳ⣬ڰҶڣǸУֻȴߵֻѪߣмʺѪ⣬Ȼһķߣ

Ŷڷ䲻û˲˵ڰѪߣҶš

׼ҵСӣʲôҶߣֱͬʱĿ˰Ҷϵϡ

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ĿƿŰҶЦ˵ҪѻҵıҪôȡҪΪǸʲô屨ҾվҪôҪ࣬Щ֪Ҫôã

Ҷܵѣֻû뵽տʼôĻԼǰ̫ˡ

Ҷվ˵Ȼô˵ˣҾȥ

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˵£Сʲôƾ̣

˵ţһ֣ڲԶӼһĻǰҶߵΡ

ҶţһҲûԥֱһȣһԺӡ

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ұĽߣɵӣ϶ѱĽڵϣȻЩ˶öɷ

𡢳ĪˣŰҶֱЦһΪаأ·߷ˣʲô

ĪҲЦ⣬ֻгûЦȿţҪģ

ʱ󣬰ҶȻͣ˽ŲȻתһɱȥ

һֱŵĳ۾ȵǡôҵģ

ĪҲǺܾȣΪʱҶɱķǱڵķ



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Īͳ벻ףȴȻ뵽һܣ૵ѲѾ͸󷨣˹ȥ

ԱߵĳĻԵ磬ķ˼ǧ꾫Ĳõģ˵䣬ɽҲһ͸һ̥ܿ͸

ĪҲԱ˵˵׼СʲôרѰġ

˵Ź⣬˵

Ҳ̫ŰҶô̥ܿ͸Լ󷨣ﲻ棬󷨵ĺģԼҪ⿪ҲǺ鷳ĪĲ²⣬ҲͬʱҲͬ뷨ıһҪ

ҶĿǰȻֻһ·󷨵ѾȻƶϣȻ֪ʺϷñʲôλá

Ҷһţһ˼һ飬Ǹղų˵ЩʱԼΪʲôһ㵣ĵ˼ûУ

ʵ˵ʵ߳Լ̫࣬ԼƴԼ̫ȡʤΪʲôԼȴôᶨţ

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ڵвȻΣĪΣȴûʲôԼԲηΧڵĹжߣ

ҶԺжǳûʲôգȴһжӭж⣡

ʲôΪʲôһ˵

ҶԼ

ǰһƬӣҶͣ˽Ųǳıڣ￴ȥһƬ̵֣ʵȴһܸ󷨣żһɽ߹ҲҪһ

ȴڰҶչţǣ·һĿȻ

Ҷ̤һ߽Ȼ˺һ̤һһظʮβŲ룬һһңǰǰûͣЪ

ڴпŵ˶ǾȣʲôãȻʱڱ仯ƽ⣿

Īֻӣû˵ҲؿǸĻкⲻϡ

Ҷ߶ţȻͣԱߵ£ǰһγһţʱڡ

Ҷֱ߽ȥǴŵ漴ֱֿ

ʼգܵľﶼûб仯ֻǣ˹ţණ磬ڰҶǰϣһԭûеıԵһϣԭʲôûУȴһѪ־Ǳ⣬ֻܲܿı

ǰĿıҶӶЩȻ棬Ҳ뷲ԣûôġ

һжչ֣ҶܿҵѣѾ͸ƵģԲ״ɢŵİ׹⣬һض˵ƯתţͲðڵա

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⣬ɽ۵ʯģֶˮ֡βħʥˮȪԸȻᱣֱԣ˿䣬ʯͨ飬Ҫͻɽ磬Ҳǲɶõı

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˵ʱҶһǰͣǸϿһȭͷСĶһŻɫĻҳţȥҶȴܸо

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˵ǰĺƷǳǵһ㣬ĸ΢Сǵڶ㣬Ҷ߶Ŀǰļٶתܿ죬ѾСĲСĵڶз˵㣡

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Ҷڿ϶϶ֻǰȻ˱϶

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Īû˵ǿ磬˵ǿǵڰ׼ʱзֵģһֱѪıУȴһֱûϣͷѵϻа׼ҵϢоˣ

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ʱҶкȻӿһϢϢϤ˲뵽˵ĸڰҶʱΡ

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ʱ˵ؾȻָܵͬϢԽԽͬʱҲɻ󣺡ΪʲôϢΪʲô

ڰҶ鲻ʶɻʱǷɳġס˿ȥɳһ

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ΪҶΪɻʱҶϵġȻתɫһ䣬ֱӴԭʧУ˫ֽǰ

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ĪҲЦţ˵׼ҵСǸںˣǳ֣ԼԼŪˣһ׼ǲǻ

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Īģ̵ûеעأ

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Ҷ֪ʲôֻоܵ޾ǳȻתԼ˼ʲôûˡ

ЩǵΧ£ҫţţϢðҶʶҲ

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ܵȫǿȥֱǻصЩһƮƮɳǰȴֽϻ㣬׷߽ɢţܵҲھ˻УɳΣ

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ҶǾԵʵŮһ̷·ذ㣬ּ䣬еΥĶȫƬ̼䣬ֻܾʣƮһŻɫɳ

Ҷ־УȻǸŮڶԼЦһ־ЦЦĺᣬڿʲôİĶһ촽Ʈӣɡ

Ҷ۾ʶٴתʧȥ֪йٽָһƬ

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ҶʶȥӦ϶ʱ¶ȵɫ

ǰ׼ҵԣһԹŴԣԱļֵڰ׼Уʵﵽʥ߽׶ΣȻûлӴԣ

ҶȻûҲûӴڸղŵһεĽӴУȴװ׵֪ʲô

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һʣҶ۾΢΢ſͬʱָҲ΢΢һ־ӣֻһ翵ġ˱ԭʧͬʱڰ֮һƬݵϳ֡

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ҶԼҲиܣղ˵Ǹʱ͡־ʶϣڵҲһּٶתţٶԼ㲻볬ÿϢת

֮ʹԣҲǿֻС򡭡

Ҷٴβһ󷨣£ʼ˼

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⣬ǰҶҵһСķǰѧϰ֮ϵ

⿪󷨣ҶԴȻ˰Сųˣ

ֻһСԱԳҶݵݼˣ

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Сͷֱӷ˸߿գ¸Ƭ̣صҶ˵ˣȶһֺϢȻҲֻжϢ

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СЦ˲õģСѣ϶Ϊгɡ

ҶЦЦ˵߰ɣȥĶʲôӣ

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ҶС˰ʱҵһС򣬴һСĴ󵺣⣬ðҶ˷ܵǣ˵ǰĳУǺɫ˵ӣ

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ھʮ 

֪᲻Ҷһǰţһš

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ҶߺȻȥֻǺһĴŵԵĶˡ

ҶѾ˸ӦǰԶ˾ۼϧǣҶûиӦϢϢİ

ڰҶʧʱһס

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⸾˵ĻҶԺ뵽˵ԫɵĳϣڵоߵĵ̣СôһССֿ϶ͷʣ£

ҶλԼѣǸ˵лȻС೯ǰߡ

Ǹٴɻؿ૵ˣֵΪѾܸˣôһ˵Ļ

ڸ˵ľ棬Сûֻʲô⣬治֪˭ĶȻҪޱΪģ˾̵

ܿ죬˾͵һȥܴԺǰԺǰһЩҪʦѧյģŮӾӶࡣ

ҶվԺԼȫֳҶһ۾ͿЩνĸ֣һãʲô

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һȥһж˼ȻʦȴҸ

ǵȻһжҪԼ˼ֻǣߴŰˣ֪ʲôʱ򶨸ʱ䣬Ӷ˽˽⣬Ҳ

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д˳ɼȫΪѣΪ⺢ԣЩӶҪڷܣ

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ҶǵĶԻڿǸȻǸ˴磬ȥֻжʮӣһɫɴȹͷŷ٣ǸȥҲǸʮˣһۣڽԵ÷ǳš

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ҶһҲ֪ˣеȴʵʵڵģһԵС඼ܸо

ˣû°ɣ

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ҶתҪ뿪ȥǺ·תͿԼСࡣ

˶ɫۣòĺܣһ԰Ҷ¶ЦݣСֵܣҪʦɰɣ

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ԣԣʱ㲻ܼʶָķƴܼʶнǰˣң˵ܸǺŮǲʲôԵ֡

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ҶȻ̼ʱ˿ҲֻҪ˾ϾղҲڱչأʹԼȥˣҲһܼ

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˻ϲ˵ҶĻ˵˺һᣬ˲Ȼֶͣ˺һᣬˡһʦܣʦܣʦܣߣߣʹȥ

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ھʮĽ ª

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һ㶣ȻæЦݣһˣʦܣ֪֣Ǵʦ֣ʦ֣ܣ

ҶҽаҶҵŮС࣡

ʶĿ˿С࣬˵Ҳ֣СҲû˵ȴܴСϸеһѹ֣ǲ֮ԵСʺʱæ

ҶЩŵӣ֪ΪСΪ̫߳࣬ǸеȻģΪתǵעҶ˸ղŵ⣺λʦ֣ղΪʲôôˣУǸʲôɣ

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Ҷ˵ôһ룬Цʦַģǵʲô̶ȣҶǵģ

⻰˻һøмŰҶȷʵˣһʦӣûʲôҲûʲô߼йʱ䣬ɶҪȽɢˡ

Ϊʲô

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ܽ˵ʦҪǺķȥҹֻҪȥǺСֻͨμӷһ;μӵҲˣˣżҵĸԡ

˶û˵꣬ǿŰҶҶǵĻѾ׷ʲô飬ȴ֣Ȼǿ˼ɽɢ飬ʲô

˿Ҷڳ˼̾ʦҶ㲻ûϵǲǿġ

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ܽ꣬Ц˵ãȻرһ£л˵

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Ҷ֪ܿСԼĲͬҲ˳Ÿ˵˿

£Ҷ˵ǰʵΪȥǺԲŽġ

ЦҲǣ֪Ӳ򵥣ߵĹǸ֣ûҪ⺮ªᡣ

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²ʱһ¶ڰҶĵ׵漴̧ͷȥֻصľͷһСéݣɢŵϢ

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ҶѾʼ϶ˣǸӦþԼ常򣬵ɽ磬Ȼܷ֣ȴἰԼɣʱҶѵԼ壬Ҳûô⣬û뵽ھȻ常Ĺˣ

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Ҷŷֻ۾ڵѾģȻһֱûжǸҫ˶ˡ

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һЦȻϺȻߣɲǼ䣬㱻Ľ÷飬߹ȥľҫȴʲôûһҶû֡

ҫʲôû˵ֻǵûýָ֣ĴָۣһҶֻоһ٣۾¿ȥԼѾһѹ⽣̴ǰķû˿á

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ǰķĶսѾĺܶ࣬ôҲ÷ɳɵģȴûܵסҫһ

ȫİҶκηӦǰ֪ôȡʤģΪһ壬ЩѾ˲ˡ

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Ҷ֪ҫܲԼĻԼ䶯

ҫƺû˵˼ѳǰһָؼݺᡣ

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Ȼҫ¶ЦݣѽǰȻʼ䣡

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ҶʧȥʶûУȻֻʧȥ˶ĿƣԹһԼ壬ûлţ֪ڿĲǱˣһֱػİ׼ҳǷɳˣԼǸůŮˡ

ҫѾ꣬ȻȻڵľѪĨȥһóǿ״ֲ̬ǰ˵Ǳ̬һô׵սʽ

еǰѳ˲ѾѪգϵⲻ˸Ȼĭһѽʵ޻ûһ֮

ı仯϶ǱøǿˣҫŽ˹ûзֽʽֻý˹

ʱİҶľӭȥľɢһ㵭Ĺâ÷ɳķͨľɽ࿹Ĵڡ

ײһ𣬲ûʲô쳣ı仯˺֮սһսеֻصļƣȻˣҶȻ֪ԼսȫʢʱڣҲǿ¾ҫһ֮Լ϶ӵڶûˣ

ϢУ˭Ҳ˵˭Ҳãת۱սغϡ

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ҫ̾ϢһȻһ˵ƴ䣬ðҶоƺΪ׼һ

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ŰҶǸǰҲ˷ӦֻҶ֣ϲһĨ̳̳룬֮㻯߲ɫƮܣۼ˷·ξ֮С

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˼ǰܿ䵽ɵ⣬ӭǵȷһ죬мΡ



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ԼУҶһˡͺʯͶˮϡ

âɢҶȵط֣һڵС㣬ͺ֮ǰĶзֵǸСһ

ԼڵСڵ㲢ûдֿӵĸоֻо·һͨһԼ֪ĵط

Σյĸоɣ԰Ҷ˿ķɣֻǾؿСڵ㣬аʱڵȵ˺ڵ춯

ͬʱҲ֪ΣʲôԥأȫֹͣСת֮ǱȻָײԼ塣

ԲУҴʱòԲУоǸڵӿ޾ŨȼߵĵһϰֻԼң̶ȵؽȻЩȥܵ˶ᱻͬɽᾧǵĻǶʣ£

Щ˼飬ϣô󷨻ߴܰѹʯҪҲͬɾʯǾҪǿʵҶǳȷǺڵӿһ֪ԼҲ֪ģȴȷŲѣ

ɢˣǺڵ㻹ڣҲӿ˳ģǱҶԼƻ壬òȴ屾ʵɢϰ

ЩһԷ޸Ҷ壬һǿ͸ȥֻҶٵһ㵭ĹȻȶһɴɵľʯ

ȻǴϡϡ桢ǽڡ

ϵɢ䶼˾ʯҶѾˣֻЩ޸õ壬ֹӿֻǣӿ޸ٶ̫죬ƻٶʼһ

屻޸ҽžʱǺڵһ˲䣬ҶڵĴ󲿷˻ȥЩûбջص͸ת۱ѰҶ޸ϣ˳ͨЩµһ󱬷˷ȥ

ҶֹͣƻΣյĸоȥˣڵСٴתκɵؾתˡֹ״̬

ꡱһӰԼľʯѳӾӨľʯɵؿЦ

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·𺮷Ĵһһ㾧ʯЩľı˾ʯ

ʯнǺöƽʱҶҴŲţó԰ڣӵ˭ҲûԣҶ֪鷳ˣ

ڰҶЩʱһĲȻӵľʯµİѩʵ̣Ȼʼɢ

ӿȥһᣬľʯʣ޼ҶȻѣɵ⿴ȥ



Ҷ˲˳ȥ

˵ʸյſھͱһӿˣ˶֪ģǿŵ潥һ㾧ʯ˸ΪΡ

ͬʱоһᣬԶɢϼ⣬ܵһɨգţϵϼһܵҵ˹һ㣬ٳӿ壬ʧ

תۼ䣬ܵɢһգǲ㾧ʯҲУȴû˿仯

ڲ֮ʱһӰȻǰȻһ˫첲ס̧ͷһ˼ĺˣһʱ侹㶵ذʲôˡ

ҶȥҲûˣֱӰڻ૵

˺һȷģԼûΣԼķԼһᣬڰҶؿؿš

Ҷ뿪ɣˣ̧ͷϣֻвâϳӰ

Ҷ֮ǰĵģôĶ˲Ź֣֮󣬼оˣЩбµģæ˲ƹ²ЩģԼٶȷһĹɵϿձվɫɫˡ

ӰҶ̲ʱ䣬˸ͬʱ˲ƹĸ⣬󲿷˶ûʲô֮㶫ҵԼоӦԴ

ҶͻʵĻˣæһ߷ȥϵˣ󲿷ֶԴûǡ



ҶͻǣںߣԼ뿪ˣɲС

һߣһ죬˵θŋ춴Щ˵˶Ȼڲ鷶׵ĽµǺֱӱǺĳչ£֮һУһߵŰҶ

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ԲҹҶˣ˸˵һҶŻ۵ļ򣬿۾

ظܵҶе飬ŰҶӣ˵Ϊ££ô࣬Դ֮±óãʮʲô

Ҷ˵ƽȴ뵽ʮȴ࣬ɵذӵڻ

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Ҷ˵ģ˷㲻ҲӰٵ£ǻȥõﶼһԶһ𣡡

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۵ӵһ𿴺ʱϢǣе˾Ȼûо졣

ϣǿûһСӾȻǺʦóϹϵˡ˵ҴȻ

ҶȻͷ߸ͳһ

Ҷһ亹ղŹˣȻи˾䣬Ǵˣ

Щε壬Ҷ֪ɵĵӣûкøУʱϸֱ

ǰ˾Ǹղ˵ˣģʮ꣬Уһžƺ«һҡڣĵš

ҶҪǸʱһƨɳ̲ϣͷһھƣһ˫۾ŰҶֵֿܣ㣬һ˶Ǻʦá㡭

ʮĻðҶһ㶡

ɵҲڵϣ˽еʦ֣ˣֵܲǷˣǸˡ

ǡǸˣʦ֣ۿ

ȥǸź«һɨһȺС쵰Ǵʦҵ۾ܿ𣿾ǹĻ쵰Ҳûã

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ԣ˵˭Ǵʦ־Ͱ˭˺飡

ǾˣǴʦֶҴ򡭡

ҺģЩ˾ƵɵӺҵغţðҶͻҶĵװ⼸ɵĵӡȤ

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ҶóϺ««Ѿס濴ƽ˵ҲоƣҪҪһڣ

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ҶһЦһˮĺ«ͬʱҲ⿪˾ˮĽƣʱĺ«ɢŨŨľ

ʦָΪʲôຣˮȻŵŨŨľ㣬˫۾ʱԼĺ«Ȼͷȥ

һ꣬Цֵǣֵ˵˵ûЩƺȣľƿɱ۵ľǿˣ

ŵ˾㣬ȻѾúͿˣϳڱܵأţҶͻάҪˮ

ҶͻһȺ̬ٳɵŪĿЦãҶٴһƬˮúˮڰƮţȻͶһɾƣƮŵһƬˮɢ޾ľ㣬Щһ㣬Ȼ׷ԱߣֱӰͷȥڵغš

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ҽƣɹ٣һǧ꣬ɴӣֹһ죬ǿķһ˫֡

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˵˵ţҲǺٺһЦҶû˵°ҶɵӣӣǺ

Ҷôһ˵ԭ۾ʱ˸ؿһᣬٴԼӣЦ۾ķˣ

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Ҷ˲û⣬ʱɵѾȵĲˣ׷׵ڵϣһ૽źþƣһ߽˯

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ҶԺ֮ǰаʱľصӰеؿġ

Ҷ磬Ǹǰ˵ѾʣֻǴҶħУԲܾ죡

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ܵȻʣûʲô仯ҶһУֻЩǿҵ΢Ȼ΢𲽷ŴٷŴ

Щֶ۲ɳʱùģԴӹ۲ɳ֮Щ΢΢Ķʮ⣬ؼ䣬Щ΢СĶµģĿǰҲֻɳô

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ȻҶּ΢һζʧˣͬʱмλõĹâµ΢

Ҷع۲ţͬʱҲڲ˼ƽϣһʱ䣬ȷЩ΢ģÿ΢ӲԼһյʱ䡣

ֻǣ΢βģֱʲô

ҶĬĬ˰ʱϵĲҲʱǿԭֻε΢ʼðҶЩۻҡ

Ŭת򣬶һ΢ٴβϷŴ󣬵΢ɢڷ

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Ϊġߡһ𣬳һţ΢ĺģЩߡеġߡֿ±ڵ״̬ε֮С

΢ĲϱˣڰҶȡ£תڿձ

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Щ΢Ķ߶ǲ𵴵ģħɶЩߡֻ۳ɡšʱ𵴵ķ෴ˣ۳ɵ΢Ҳ෴ԡ

ֻǣΪǸ޼ĴħԵʣԭμ΢òˣħ΢γɵ˲䣬㱻һµġߡסڵħϢǲڸγɵԭΪħ󷢳εĲⲨ󷨻ⱱħħĲתġ

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Ҷ磬ôҶ۾Щʵ

Ҷ֣˵û£Ҽǿˣƿˣ

Ҷ磬ҵʲôҵĵǲ󷨵ˣǰ˵ǾΪûǵϿɣǲôϢزġ

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ɿ԰Ҷ˵֮󣬾ʲôһ

ˣǶ˵Լܲô£УղȥʱЩôյģҶʵ

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룬Щʱһֱúѹֻǣû뵽һξۼʱⶫΪӴһˣʱѾסˣ˲ûжҲ˺ֻǿϧһҪȡʱ͵һȻͱ

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˵ţ¶˺ͬʱΪԼȡ֮ӣҶͷ

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صͷѶսڡ

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ҶȥǶ¹Ѿ˵׼ѣҲֻܻ⣬ܶ¸ĸܣֻӲͷƤ¡

Ҷ磬ôˣҶϵɫЩƣĵʵ

û£ǻȥɡ



Ҷֽ⿪ߵĽƣ˿ڳ˯ɵӣûдǣͻһ̤𣬳Զȥ

ΪҶԵʣפѾΪ沢ûңĴ鿴ͬʱҲЩѯʵʱش˿ΪĴȣ˲ʲôû˽⵽ɸˡ

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Ҷɣ

浭˵ţȻֱԼȥˡ



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ߣǵĿ꣬ǰҶͬҲǣڸδǣ

ҸոսߣʦһμᣬҪΪ˶˵ԼҲָ֣ҪˣǰҶָҪȥˣοǵġߣɻ

壬ԶɢͬǰҶȥǸˣȴ²СǰռԪɵԫϣ㱻ȥһ˵Ǻɵͽ֣ʥǧˣǳ϶ɹߴνѣǧ˸Ǽ֮ˣ˵ǣ϶򵥣

һԵĻȵ˵ǰҶı£

˵ȷʵЩ£⣬ǿ֪Ϻ֮Լ̣

ҡҡͷȵʣѵҶйϵ

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߷ģǧ巵ļҵĲڣͳǧɽǧ巵ǵĿ֮ҵ֮£ĿǰҲڼ֮¡

ߵͷֶ˵ڲҪæ飬͸ǻҪòҪô˷УҶҪӣҪཻ֮ǵĺøС

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Ҷͻһصɵפأֱӱ˫Ϊ׵СΧס

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кҲæãã

˴ԭһӱЩ֪룬ðҶɵЦ˫һ͵ɡ

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ʵʦܣʦȥˣ

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Ҷһ£Ȼ𣬴˵ĺ֮ģҶεЦЦķȥ

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ҶЩεЦԼҲûŪףҲ֪ô£

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Ҷͷ˵⾧ʯûãʦʦɡ

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Ҷôμıʵûʲô˼ҪǾĲϣĽƷ֮оһҪģҲñĶܾòףǾܵõǸƷȻ˵ʲôòʱñĶ

ҶͻһҲ˵һĲֻǣԭúദģȴϣǸģڻ֣߳Ҷ鷳ȴʱʱ̶ֵ̿ıҲɣðҶ

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ҶͬĻŻصǺԼҲһֱɡ

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һ㣬ҶǺţ˵ɸԨԴ˫ǵĹҲڵĹЩ˫ĸԼһ㹦ѡ

˵һӣɵĴҶ㶣Ȼͼ˫һô֣

Ҳֳ̾ĶӣҲҪʤȻӴ٣Ҳͬһͳﶷ𣿡

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ʱͬɡ

Դӻ֮ڱɻСʦܶӹܣȥֻǸʮͷˣ޳һɾһͬɫıƮݵĺڷһ˫ŭĽüµơ

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ǧ˵ʦ֣ȻŹ죬ϸĻҲǲܣѾõȷеϢħȻ֪ҵʲô̶ȣѾΣǵˣԲԱһ˵⣬һҪһ£ħͷСħͷûʲô£һͨԪӤߣҲսʤǡ

˵ʲôʦʵ

ǧݵɫƽ˵ĴħͷЩļһģҲд֮ˣΣʱ̣Щ˵ѾǵĿƣЩħͷǸǴһѶϢǣΣյĸԴڱڶ

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ԫеƣϢѾ֪߾˵һ䣺ʲôɣ

һ䣬ԫû˿˼ˣ׼ڿն𣬳žеǺȥ



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Ҳ˵ȷʵ鱬ҿ֪ģԭҲû뵽һ鱬أ㿴ģɫ㲣ḡѾϣһϣ㻹ɱҲųɵʣµٳ֣ΪпܵһԱ

ԫЦȹϲˣֿһԱ

ҲŹϲȻ˱ͬʱתͷҶδЩ

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һ ԫ֮

ҶܵĽʿͬʱԶҲΣ˵ˡ

ɿܣҲЩ֮һ˭˭

ٴΰذףɴʿĻ⣬ڣѿܵԴȪ󷨵٣ֱӾһܡ

ΪսԵüЩڵٿԴȪʱһ΢͵СƴУ

¡һܾըˣܽһƬ̳

Ҳ鱬󷨣ԫʵ

Ҳһɻ˵ֱӴɽвֿģҵĶҲûϸ鿴ĴŰɡ

ҲǺȷоƺֻսܣûд鱬󷨣ǰıըô£ѵҶʹܱըԼԼˣ

¶һ룬ҶÿܱըԼȴûˣΪѾ˱ըĲֻҪ΢ܶȥҲͶЩҳˡ

һܣܻкܶ࣬Ҷװǵģ̴ƣͬը

ҶﲻըԶԽԽȣؽеҶȻôǿͣЩըһҲˣȻڻû£

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Ҷ׼ʱذ̳ͬʱĬ

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Ȼ󣬵˵ȴըװ˷ֲͬķ򣬼˲ƶ԰Ҷ䱸Ķ

Ŷǲ׼׵ôȴôȣҶָԭ͡

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ҶԫǣʵԫҲûжɱֻ֣ǽ㣬û뵽ȻӾ˳ɱң

ԫн⣬ҲԭȵľȱЦ˵˵ɣһӷϵеΪұȷ˻һȺСǰĳǣҾҪ㿴ռԪɵǿ

̣

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ԫ֣ضЩһóأһ͵Ϯǿûǹƽıԡ

һ񣬵Ҫ֪ܴõңʮ

ŰҶ٩ԫһ˫۾Ҫ



ԫзѪĹâռԪɶеһзⷨʹģھİ£ѾȫգıŻҪã

ѪɫĹâһС͵磬ֺһתĳǹХŴҶҶӰζ㿪ֻǣ۾ƵģɲǼ͵˷ȻΪĿꡣ

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ǳڱܣڰҶֵһ˲䣬ԫ޵سһ߶£Ҷһûдϸֻǰˡ

ۡԫһѪݺݵʯУûϢ

ðҶɻˣֻˣûҪɱôûϢ

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óϺ«ſںһھƣȻȥͬʱмˮɻԫȥ

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ΪټӰѾܰѰҶɱʱҶһζҪˣֺȻͣסȫһɾǿһӰ˺˺ü

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ڰҶҪйʱһ飬׹æסͻƵĽŲµؿա

գû˿׼һˣҿΣˡ

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ңɱ𣿺Ǻǣѣ

ҶЩǱһͷɢ˿ʱ̧ͷ۾ź⣬ָǰȥָ⿪ʼžð⡣

ߣֶüŹ⣬âɢȥǼ޴Ŀܣ㳯ԶȥҪ뿪

صļʶû࣬ЩͿˣҲæϡ

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ɲʱһ˫˵ִǰ͸ʺѪǰһɨա

һĶŵŴ۾ֻСԪӤŻɷɻң𾪡ɻãʶҲ˺ڰ

һԵҲˣûĸ־Ȼ±ԪӤһŵвǰδеĿ־塣

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Ҷָðһ磬һֻóϺ«Ӻ«Ʈؾƣʬ壬Ҳͬʱ£ʬתҲ˷ɻң紵ĴƮҳ졭

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Ǵ֥ϧ̶ȲȰҶеķΪ֥ȫˣ˶һν٣

ԫе֥ѾûԭȵҪϸά»ٴʹãıﵱȻԫģռԪȻ󣬵ȴûĶóҲֻоԫǸоͺŷʵ۵ʥּһ㣡

Ҷ˴֥û۷ǼǰɣԼܲµԫʲôģλᡭ



ػŻŵӻפأһ·Ƶ˺üѯʵʦֵܣһͷפصĺԺʦ޵ĵط

ֻһͷײ˽ϣϵĵݺݵشһ£Ϸ̻ζԭǱӲ

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˭ˣ˱ؾֻŵӣ̲ס棬˭ܰų

ǧɽˣ˰ԪӤֱˣĵʱʹ࣬ԪӤˣҺú¡ؼģǿ־塣

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Ҷ߳ţѾ⣬æǰվЩ˹

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˭˵أĽҲһ˫ް£ҷʱһ룡



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Ҳҡҡͷ˵Щǲܶܵģ

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һİ˽ ս֮

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ҶĽ͵سǰһϵƲܿƵɢһǰ棬ⱾǾǺڲ飬ô˵Ҫ㣡

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ȻЦЦЩһԵ˫ĸĵģʦţʦֶҡҡͷ˫ҶҶҲҡҡͷȿš

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ƿ˿ʦ壬ȻЦʦ壬һѵѣõ𣿡

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Ƶ˫ظоɢս˫£ͬ˵֮սǲѶս֮ս

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˵꣬Ժһξ룬˫Ȼõ˫һڤڤеĸо⵶ԼֱһʹãսγɣսеսԼս޲ʤ

˫һ࣬һƽ٣ֱɱƣ޻ֵļֻ˫һ࣬һ˫۾ҲˣϢһ˲ںˡ

̨ϴеƵĶ۾ʱôģ૵ܣô

ҲþȵųеˣҶСʵ˲أƣڵòαװģ

һ㶣Ȼ¶Ȼɫ˵ֲãԶĶӡ

Ҷ֪ձԵ׷ʲôӲ˵Ҳղ˵ģÿ˶û˵ࡣ

ԶʱǸգ˱ԣԸЩ꣬ԺᣬʱԶʱ̬ȲֻЦЦӦˣȥʱ˫˫Թ˵š

ҶһԵвϵô򵥣

ͷһ˫۾ڱƴˣҶȫתѰһӰգǺפؿ˻Ա߻Ǹ

ҶֱӲѵСӣȴصıܵ˶á

һֱίߣһСӱȹƤҩˣǲߣ

ҽһֱֽӰס

ҶðֱԻѽһ㶣Ȼ¶ϲɫɫѧˣڣҪһǡĻᣬ˵ĲӬ

ҶѰһɨӵĵطɨһ飬ܿͷԫҶЦĴƣԫȥԫ޲ҶߴƿתԵĳء

У˫ִƳֿȭȴ˫ӿֲƣ˫Ƚƿʼʱû˿ֵļ󣬵˶ܿƣһ˫ͽɽѰĹ˫ι죬Ʈһ˫սƵƵ߻Ѿ˺ۣƵȴԽԽʢ

ǵʱԶʱ龰ɡ

ǰĻٿʵʵѾԶˣԼλϣɫĿ˸һԵ㶵վųԶԶơ

˫Ϊ˫֣ƽʱüʵƱʵǿ˫Ľ²ȻЩǱûаƣãƿʼˡ

Ƶֱһ˫ɫֱ֣˫սײһ𣬷ĽײͬʱһȦײĳɢһƬ̳

ƵϺޱ飬بϢ˫˵ȵվš

˫λζҲλζܿ죬ټ󳡵У˵Ӱ֣һʱ䣬˷·𶼻˲һ㡣

ֲñҪսˣʦһյԪӤûԪӤ˶ﵽ˲Ƶľ磬һʵǿսǸҶţͬʱҲ֪ɱжǿˡ

Ҷ۾ųأȴʾžλϣûжҲû˵Ҷ֪ʲôԭȻҪУôȴ̽ıԣ

ҶвһǿҵĸоҪˣ



䡱

˫˫ڵϣѪƵһˣһûˣȫ۵

һԣ˫ܸоϻƣֻ֪Ҫ΢õԼˣսʱڵϵ˵ˡ

ñˣӮˣ㻹ûг׽ԪӤȴѾɹ˼νѣ֮Ĳ̫󣬶ա

ڵϣûҲѪƽ˫˵ҸһֱʦιԻԵĵոǹԻ꾫ʵƽʱһ࣬ȴ㸸ѹţԣ¼Ӯˣˡ

ϺȻ¶Ц⣬Щ䣬·ȡһ«ε«죬һһڵغľơ

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ˣҲˣȫҶˡ似ʲôˡ

ڵϺţǲʱعЦţĻܵ˶Ҳˡ

û뵽һֱƻȻ£һֱ˳ܡùҹˣû뵽СӲʵӸǴףȻĳ˵Щ컰

󣬻Ȼеǿҵƴһ

Ȼվ˵ʦ壬ҸΪʲôҪλø㣬ԼֻΪ֪Ըʺֻ֪˵㻨˼ܸ࣬ɴһƬľɫٺ٣ϧ״ˣʲô˼ֻ̰Դȴͷ

ˣһǧԼﻹס

ңǺǣЩʱûңҸװλø㣬ȴǣǧɽĿ֮ĴΪһˣû뵽ɣҸΪ˷ֹб䣬ƾ֮崫ңںΪʱѾһԿˣҪǸײҶ֣Ͱʬˣ

ƵĻǺģ͵ָ֣һȦȻָϣᣬ۶ϣѾšµɽݻ٣ɽܵɶһ겻񣡡

˵ԭȻĬĬɼҳվ䱻ָļɣǶɽɣ֪ԼԵ޹ʵػٻˣǵĴǲ֪ƻģڿ鲢

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ƺȻƵģȻӾɳһ⣬ĿǷơ

ϢأһĨɢڵһĿӵҶǰ棬⻯ɵĶܵסһ

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곤εһȣȴǰԭڵһѹȥǿƸһζֱ˵ϡ

ʥΪ֮ףôΪŻѪλЩ飿

εǿһһɨЩڵĸɣߴ˲ûʲôСɶվҲԭλ

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ĻҶЦ˳Ƽ£ҷ£˵˵ɱ֮£ߵĻ⣬ѵƽ߶ʲݵ̬ȶԴⶫ𣿡

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޵ͰβסһִһƹѰҶܶУӲҪɱҶҪѰҶߵҲɱ

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ҶǰĿռһζǽƽ˲ʧֻһ紵Ҷͷ

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ҶĺЦŵĻԶܱǾɺϼƳĶԲҲ̫Ϸˣ

ת۰ҶЩľôϷĶóҪʲô

Ҷͳ˶ôʱľô飬ڵҲǲŲæʲôˣų

鵽ˣҲԺ޹˼ˣڣӦʱְɡ

ҶкܿϧԼ۲췶Χ㣬ܿȻͿԿʲô

Ҷ˼ʱ̨ϵҲһʱ䣬ôȽ֮ǰĻȻ˵Ҷˣǹ˼̫࣬ɽҲǴǼͳźܴǲΥ

˵Ϳһ׹ӳзĺҲܶ

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սӴ׹⣬еһ˿âڣȻ͸оȫ䣬һ˲䣬еΪ񱻱ˣһ׹Ҳûסֱϣغ䵽˺棬ҳһصϢһӱ÷ǳ΢һ

һ˿һҲһܵãоԼһӱ˷ˣΪ۾Ҳʼˣ죬һʱ䣬Լϡ

ʱ﷢⣬һһϣ˺˯һ㣬ϴԭȵƽ

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ǱҶһŵˣܵСˣǿҶȴĽдη塣

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Ҷһ֣жʱһƬʵӰӣģӰʵǵʱҶԶԶŵԫҪɱľ

ʱյתܵţӰ񣬻ǣ˶ظоӰΪϢͺƵġ

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غþ꣬װµӣ֮УʱؽӵɵɧţֱԶԣ֪㲻ȥˣΪ˲ǣˣǰ

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ȻѽˣȴԸϣٽԣ

ԫûúõӣ˶ŰҶղŷŵӰˣһʱȺ鼤ܡ



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ȵȣҶеһ˿ףæʵ˭ָʹǵģɽһ𣿡

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СߵĿܣҶȻһ˿ʲôˡ

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Ҷһʱ乥ɵ·ޣѾˣһֱܿɰСʱħһԭȵСѿԭˮĴ۾ðѪ⣬س

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ҶĻ˵֮꣬ܵǰҶĩվɫһңħʱˣ



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һϲɫ˵Щ·һǧʱȹΪṩɱʱɼҵˮƽ

Ҳһϲɫƽضˣһ˷ĺͯҲЦݡ

ٺ٣ʲôôˣǸִӵҡ˽ϵĴָ䶯ţžһֶĿ־ĸо

߻ΪиˣҲûֵĶģ˵ΪˣĦʹߣΪγˣﲻʺ𣿡

ʺϣʺϣѪʳǸҪζˣϧҪˣҲЩ᲻ˣ

һЦĦʹߣѵⷲĶɽĻд˸ṩѪʳܱĺðɣ

˵Ǹ磬ҿû˵ɽ磬ɽĶȷʵðϴγߴ˸ҵļѪǿǼƷζٺ١

ϾһԴۣһЦֻתͣĴҲǲסزȥӹġ

ҳǣΪʲôֱҪʲô

˵УСǳȥжϵͿϣ½ϣǱ繲ˣ˵ǻȥ𣿡

ֹЦ˵ԭҲ£Ҳˣҵĳֻҳȥһԣ

ĦʹˣҪߣһӦ

ٺ٣ģҲسȥģǲҪ𣿵ʱٳ־ˣõǾͶ뿪ˣ棬ҲǺ״򿪵ģ

ֵһϻζһźɫ壬ޱȣͨһͨ



ˣزҲòҶÿϧȻˣĵάƷҲˣòѰ顣

ɡռԪɺǧɽжΪнͽ߱ȥǵɽŰץ˵ϣ˾ɵĵѾѪɺˣɣ󲿷ֵط˵ԭܼ򵥣뵱ʱһǧɽĿܺȻħˣʱ˲֪Щںܾǰר׼õģ

̶̵ļʣµɰѶͳһ߾ͼķǼ˰˳ɶ࣬ƬԪӤ͹»Ұδԭȷ羰ĵطҪǶ㣬Ļħ

νѾʵˣʱ򱱼ʹɽûʲôȻֵǡ

ҶԼվھΧ⣬ִŻ֣ܸоȫ磬ǣڶʾǻĶһģӰӣֱ治ʲô

ڽЩˣĴ󲿷ͬģѾƭôңԴҶԴ˻СĽڽصĸĽ󷨣һԣͻҵĹ

ҶԸҪн˽ӴˣʲôУͬʱҲҪġ

ڽǰʱҶഫʯһһʶˣĳʲô⣬Ǻ뿪ȥɽ硣



һ ʱ

תۼ䣬ʱ͹ȥˣ˽ӡ

ھڲ࣬һȺ˱һĽذЩǲģʵЩ֪Ļ˱ˣһЩ˾ھǿ󣬼Ҳ̰ԳͶ˾ʣµһٶˣЩΪ¡ĵ߱ͼˡ

˻ΡλߣҶһڻ棬ɴߣΪ׵Ǽɵĸ֡

ҶСЩͬʱҶҶ޵صͷ۾ˣȫתʾܵһС

ҪʲôҶʵ

ֲ˵ҲĨˣҪȻǻѾͷ޹Ѿ˫ް£ȻҪһ𣬰Ҷ㲻ɢǰɣ

ƣҶֻսȭͷ˵ҿüƷɹǣ

˵գóɫ޵ĹӣȷʵǼƷһ֣ܷԲɵľ붼ʣơ

Ȼû뵽ҶóĶ˵ʵĶˣȻҪȥɽ磬һЩҪģļƷɹǵòģǰõԺндİ

ǣǴָҪģǿɲҪġ

εŬעǼɹתƣҶ˵Ҷ䱦٣ȴҪģӳ֮㻹ûǰЩͳȥ

ߣҶȻѹΪ޿𣿡

Ŷѵ㻹ܽ˲ɣ߷ʵ

Ҷת˼£ڵľЩ״Ȼлˮһģ

֣ɳɽҲܿô⻤һ֣ȴأ

Ȼ壬Щ״԰ҶҲ΢һЩֻֿʼڽһģ

λ߸ŰҶΪǿһڻʱе𾪿֪

֣ϵв죬Ϊط壬ûʲôϰóȻһ˶ȥΪӦҲʹò

Ҷûط壬һϵжһϵʹ÷ģǻ󲻵

Ϊ𾪣Եƿʼʱ˻ûʲôӦ

ֻǣʩչƵ²ֻ࣬Ǵæ䵲һ£Ͱѽƽɢˡ

ôôҶЩģһ㵭Ļȴ˫ǧƵģȻڻоʮ죬ĿȻֻƽʱİٷ֮һ

ε侲Ϊ˵ԵʰɣСˣ

ʦ֣һĲô죿ߴʵ

Ҫ߻кеģ˵ǻаأǼһڶ֣ǰʱһС

εһʦܴһ߶԰Ҷ˵Ҷ㲻ҪˣˣԹԵûǰЩ˷ųȥȻǾͰЩɱˣҲʱ򣬿ɾҪˣ

ҶûЩʱһֱо֣ʱ̫ˣС࣬ܶණףǸղŵһЩ뷨

Ҷ۾Ĭ

ܶʱƽʱԽԽǿңʼЩ۵Ķܿ죬ƬģʾһЩͬѰĲ

ģڲЩֵԲǸղɢĽƣҶעⲨϡ

Ȼ䣬ҶеƾճһǿҵĲǿҵΣϢϷӿ

ղŵ뷨Ҷ˲һζԭʧһطͬʱһ޴㴥֣СС̣ղڵλá

֣Ҷһ޴ˮиǣڣӰҲģģһͬһ㡣

ⲻǶģҲɽġѾ˲Ƶ˰ҶߣǾ޴ļһ˵

ٺ١һ˲ӿСӵľͦǿģ

һϳֵ˴ˮиֳǸ޴ĴҲСصıϡ

ʲôˣҶʵ

ٺ٣֪ʲôˣңҿսʿжǿ

ֵһ˵࣬Ļ䣬͹˰ҶߣڰҶǰ棬Ѿײˣû˿ˣȴ˺ü



һ߽ һ

ϷһӣܵĿҲţƵġ

治Ҳ̫ˣ㣬ʲôֶóŤŲӣһԴ۾תͣ

˦˦֣ҲЦ˳С书û뵽ˣǺúý

עΪǿһֻȫҲ˿˿âЩâȫɫģšžһ֣ԽԽ

ƺܸȤӱһԴⴥΣһ˫ȭͷȭͷһֻǸһЩ

ս

ȷ𹥻ţ˾Ѿֺ棬ȭͬʱݺݵֵıϣֱһȭ˺棬ڽӴˮ˲䣬־ͶȻתɵһ˫ȭͷѶм䡣

ûж˼죬쿪˫ۣһ˫ȭͷֱӭһԴȭͷֶһضֵǧ֮ȭ

ʵ൱ͬʱһȣת۾ͷ˸߿գǿȭһδεײֻϵˮԾţзڣȭͷײܰ顣

ҶȻվڶȭʱͱ۾ŸղűϵĸоղǽƵĲѾɢˣ¿һƣε¹ȥ

ε¿ҶһƣֱѽƵˣЦҶҪ׷ˣǿķҲӶҧһҪΪ־㱾£ֻ棬㻹ǽ뿪ⷲǲôʱ¶ģο໹ţ

Ҷûϸ۲ղűƵĽƲЩȻһʼģ壬ҶȫӦ£ȴԽԽиоУƺˡ

Ҷǰִǲ㻤֣۾ñĿ⿴λߣ˵˵֣˵ûƵˣǲǣ

Σ߿ŰҶ֪Ҷʲô

ǾͿŰɣ

Ȼ䣬һ㵭ĻҳӰҶɢһƮϣ򷢳ʵĹ⣬ȻȻһ͸˽ȥ

ǵģҶֲУ뻤ڲĵطַһǿĵŻֱ˷ȥ

λ߳׾ˡ

ֵʮҲư

˲˵䲻˹𣿡

ʦܣ֪ͨߣҶ̫ǿˣ

æһƣԶȥȻһŰҶȴ

Ҷֲ˻ڲ¶һ˲䣬ȼ˻棬Ҷƺ֪ҧأ͸ٶԽԽ졣

εоҶȼյĻǽóȻĻ϶ҲͬʱҲãҶ޵ֿرţò˶þͻճɻˣ

ҶܿȫڲȫȼţţһҲˣݲңҳȥֻܾӦ

ڰҶзɳ壬ɳûΪĲͬʧȥãһ΢΢С΢ƺںı仯㣬ڰҶ߻εš

ʵɳҲ仯Ӱ죬ûаҶǲԼһ֮еģڰҶˣŻᷢá

λΪҶҪճɻ˵ʱ򣬰ҶϵĻ澹ȻһϨˣ壬һͷĳһ˫۾˸ŹâƤŽĹΣġƽƴɢ

ɹˣֻҪסʼӦһо͸ƽʱһˣ

Уԭģľˣۻ⣬һĿȻҲû֮ǰܵĸоˡ

ҽˣɣ

Ҷ˷㶵Ļᣬ˹ĹҵĹһԻģǵصĹȫڹΧڡ

ڰҶܽҲƣȴûеҶĹжв÷

ҶǵֵɹЦǿڿ˵ƾ̣Ķڿݵ𣿡

һ㶣ȻߵĴٻѾͨҶ͸ǧҪ֮ӴȻЩԭ˻ᱻĨɱģ



һ˽ ҵ֮

ԭȲԸԼˣǺԼԭٳϹϵһԼѾնϵֻԼԼΪһԱǱѹһԱȴֻĳͷǱٸӲпĳͷ׵ҷ

ڣҶˣҶˣ뷲һˣҲ˵ˣЩȻͷ

ҶַʽǣԼӴҶѾͿ½ӴԼĨɱ

ȻλϸðһƵڵĻ磬ֻи֣ҵ𣬴˻һҲ𣬰Ҷڵ伮п˵ֻֻɽ缫ġ硱С

λǧ궼ûôʹҵһգһһزʳ

ҵ϶ȻųһƬ⣬˴Ƥϸһɽɫٽţ˾ȻСһȭͷСĺڶֻɫҵš

ͻȻıðҶסˣڶϢϤǵһСڵɢĿϢʶأҶɢŹ졢ΣϢСڶǿĽƹֻǣСڶһζಡĲˡ

ڰҶѹʱȻ֣ȻʧȥĿҵȻԼԣԼһǣ

ܿ죬ҵճ˰ҶƤϣҶûие˿ʹǻ˽ȥֱӳԼȥֹֹˡ

ϺȻɢһǿҵ𼸺˲ʧˡ

Ҷ㶵ؿȻҵʧĿ죬ҶǿҵǸСڵˣȥһԼ֪磡

Լûˣһ¡¡ҶٴѹԶϼɣһֱա

⣬Ҫˣ

ҶֽȺˣֱӳַȥѾߵһ㻤Ȼٵһ㣬Ҷ͹ȥˣЩҲû˿о͵˷С

ЩϺȻһ棬ǽ𣬲治ǵģϵĽƵģתۣǱָɡ

ղŵǶ׷׳ҶһЩ˸ֱӳҶ

ߣﻹһ

Ҷ˵ǹһʱ˻ں󷽲ԶҶһȺҶͷһȻ̧ͷзųù⻪һ

һ˰ûоĴʣһ𣬵ȴֱӰʴһķ飬Ҷ֪Ҫ߻ġ

ЩҪߣǻûõǿ϶ʹֶҶת۾͵˻ߣץס֡

ʱİҶǳģһ죬ûʹ⣬ڰҶϣܿͳһ͡

Ҷڻߣз࣬Ҫ·

Ҷóһ·ֱӴϣȻģɵҡҡͷ˵ңڵĿ㣬ֻҪغ㣬ǾͲóѣ

ͷڰҶԱߣԭȸһЩҶȳ˴ԶԶġ

ʱ¡¡ˣݰ㣬سȥʵҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽ죬ҶʱˣжŽ⣬ǰЩ͵ɽȥġ

һҵѴİҶ˺ԶҶŤͷȥ뿵һһǺĳֶš

ֺԭˣ˵ҪȾ壬ȻӦܽشӵ͵ʹ÷һǿ̬п϶⡣

⣬Ҳֹһֺܶ࣬аֻѾ֣Ű˽ɢϢܵĿռ䶼

ȫǽɫһ˫۾ȥüԶҵȫǻɫĻζƾմ˺üǺĳǸˣģʮ꣬ӿ뺣ˮĵطһɴС

֣ǿ廹ǿҲ޿κΡ

ĸˣǱ裬һȺ쵰˵Ҫ𣿾Ȼˣûõķ

˵ţְһ˫תԶҶһĻϡ



һŽ ڰ֮

˵ս춯أúԶҶȻܸоǹĿ붼ס˻֣ػ

ֻǣ·˹ٺٵЦһȻͷֻ߳һɫ޵׵ĿնԼǿѻ

ڶܴ󣬰ҶһҲˣеҶ硭



˵Ȼһ𣬰ҶϲɴԼҲȥֱӰѻڻתûڶ֮С

ϣȻԼȥˡ

ߵͻȻȴкܶ˿Ҷͻһʧв⣬ŵâǷųȻҶң

ҺǺͬǿҵ̬ѹ֡

ų֪ȥһȺ֪ࣿ

ֵ۾תţֻ۾ͬʱͬתⲻתʵ̫ˣ˾ľ

㲻ǳ뿪Ҳе

ǣѾȥһ磬ǷģǴ˿Ǻܺÿ͵ģǲô

ˣղӦǴһ֣ȥһɽ磿ܰɣ

˲ȥɽҪˣֻðѷŭйϣʱ˵ĹԼ

ããǰһӾ˰ɣҾ棡

ֻӭˡ

˵ҶͻӵһޱߵĺڰУҶ£ڣ

Ҷ磬

֪һִɡ

Ҷ壬һҲûУʾҲһƬڰƺʲôûС

ȻҶеԺһڣŬǣǾԼҪ˯ˡ

ΪʶԽԽģҶҲ˶

Ҷ磬ôˣ֪ҶʲôֻҶ۾лζ

ץšҵġҵ֣Ҫɿ

ҶҧͷŬԼѣжʼѪˣǾԽԽԺ

Ҷ硭ŰҶѪæ˷֣ԼķʧЧˡ

ҡҶݶҧѪջûȵֵסԺеķڣʧȥֱ

Ҷ硭ţҶһȫʧȥʶ

𣿡һͻȻڻܹ죬˭˵ϸ룬ƺû˵ԼԺи˼

Ӧҵұ

⻰ڻ

ȷʵҴӦ㣬ЩҶ磡

Ӧһ㶣˵Ҫһ꣬Ҿͷȥһұ㻹ɣ

һꡭ㶣ŻлԲѡѪİҶԼҲҧ촽ڰҶϡ

ãҴӦ㣡Ȼ䣬쳣ɳơ

Ҹʮʱʱ䣬֮Լˣ

˵˵ţͬʱڰĵطҲʼ仯졢ơݡˮһС·һ򵥵İ˽ͤͤʯʯʣһѹٷʯϡ

Ǵɽ򣬰ҶӦ֮

㶵ؿܣ˵ûˣ磬ſзζо΢΢ȣ۾äʱһжӡУĸˡ

Ҷʯϣ첲ſʯϣеѪûˣ鰲꣬˯һ

Ź٣֮𡭡



ˣ˵ɻΪҪƴһŮӣΪ𣿡˵ĲǱˣǳȣһʯϣһ˽

˳쳣һϮѩɳͷҲѩ׵ģȴһɫӣһеĲ裬ŮӱǷһͨŮӣȴ׼СһһĹԷӦУײ˹սʯǻԵɺϣͨƷ磬ļǧſһΣɻʿƴڵ⣬оļΪɻʴĺô

ȻŮôмֵΪʲôֱҪЩһô鷳

ͻˣɻҪľһֹ̣Ҳ˳Ӧһʽ

˼صͷȻʣǰ׼СҲˣΪʲôɻʲֱɱ˵СӺܿܳΪǵİʯ𣿡

ǺǣɱҪɱģʱûɱǻָİʯҸĴҪСӵҲ뿴жӲѡЦ˵š



һ 

ˣСӵԪǲֻ֮

ǰұԪЩɷСӵǺӲģԪʲôʧ

ȳƬ̣ʵˣСô鷳

ǺǣҲ˵ãӱϿǵĵ˾ǼɢޣֻҪǲǣҲᣬǶһСӣȥҲһͨӣĳЩϣȴҪ

ȺǺһЦ˵ǾǾֲҪ޺ˣ

Ҳô˵ɣ

ָǰһ㣬һȦУʾһǻҶһľ

ǹϵǲ̾

ֻˣЩʱ䣬ϵܾ͵ˡ

ǺǣǵĹϵɲֹô򵥣磬׼СҲһ磬⣬зɻҲ֪ĶԿ϶ӵҲ໥ġ

УղҲˣɻҪʱһû˭ûʲôڴӦˣɼǷҪ˲ɡ

ΪʲôֱӰСͳȥҪʮʱദһô죿

Цģɻĺܣʱ£֪ԼҪమ뿪꣬ǻ˼ڶԷϣһѾԼľͬʱҲѾΪԼߵˣ⣬ɻʽҪԼ뿪Լ뷨׹᳹ȥ룬òʮʱ뿪ˡ

صͷƺˣƺ뵽ʲôǿеľ



ѰҶԼϣḧգʱѾˣᡣ

ܷ羰ͣȻûжɾĹΰ͸ʵоðȣܸеԼĴڣǷľ֮ء

ʼ˵ﵯӣԼҶ໰ȻĬĬرż֮ףű˴˵ů

ֽץŰҶ֣૵Ҷ磬ˣһһץסģ

˵䣬Ѿҧ촽ۿתһȦѹȥ

֮˽ضʱɫת۾ͻָԭĺڰֻǰһ޵·

ͷ˰ҶһۣȻ̤ȥֱӴӺڰʧҶʧȥһ

ʲôҪѾ׼̨бɱֻҪ꣬ӵзˮƽʱһᴫɷ˳ˣһˣڽһͨĵɫӣһɫĿƽһѹ˵ҲûС

ҡֻҪסĵطղһˣ

ãɣ

˴Ż̤һԵС·С



Ҷһ飬һȻѹѹĵһ¾ǽеץҡ

ۿʱﻹлӰӣкϵ·ϴζ˵ղһģֻǣڻȥ

Ҷ򣬸ղŵʱʧȥʶ֪ûм¼¸ղŷ

˵ǣȻûаҶתΪڵĸתһĹԣղҲڶţ˷飬صĶЩģеĵط϶ġ

Ҷ㶵ؿģķ·һ飬бһƬһꣿһ꣡Ϊʲôʲô飿Ҷ벻ףҲûصصϢֻǸϤĵط

Ҷ챯𡭡

ҶѾ³ں֮ϣҲʧĵطĳԶ˸еϲֻһ˳鱯ʱָеģǻƺ¡

ǸطҶɹ˴Լʱ뿪ˣȴֻǹһʱ䣬ǱߣֵսڼԶϣȻ˸

ֿҶ֣оһ£ֱӴһ磬Сôܻѵܸ𣿲ԣղСڶʱӦһΪıͲ󣬵һеȫͬιģ

ǿᣬսʱҲĶ⣬һԹת˼ȦϵĴֱһֱ䵽ˮУС飬û˭ע⡣



һһ ħ

Ĵһ뺣ˮһ㣬ٳҶķȥҶڱ֮ʱ֪жԼ

ԶҶ߷Ȼ˺ˮеһƬӰæеƿ

˲䣬ԶЩϺͰжʱ֩㣬ݺύĽƣˮкȻһ޴㴥֣ҶȴЩƵ

Ҷû°ɣҶߣĵʵ

ҶᣬٴѪ̧ͷ˿棬Ȼֿ˿ܵĽƺͱƾľ޴֣ҶеĺԽԽʢ



Ҷ˲ǴԱߣְ˴ϣһĺзϲƣֻ֮һֻֻ֣ڸЩϡ

ǱħҶܹɵģħĽṹĪսʱᵽһܣħģ˳֡

֪ħĽṹ𣬴ʱҲ֪Ƿŭ뵽ĻԭڵģóһС

ֻϣħħܿ죬ħͻⴥְʵʵ



·Ͷ͵Ļѣħֻһ˲Ķͻⲻǽṹ壬ǻɢȽṹɢ߳򱶣

ֻ˲䣬ⴥڵλñһƬȻƬڶȻˣǴһҳҲû¡

һԵĹ濴Ŀɿڴȵ£һǰҶǿⴥֵ˶ĽҲûܰ𣬿ɼǿᣬҶȴһӾͰҲʣȻǿ⣬ȻǿĹôľˣԼȴûܵʲôӰ죬Ҷ಻ԶǴҲԶԼûܵӰ˵ҶһеĿǶôǿˡ

Ҷ֣Զֱ֣ƶ˹ȥ

һսһ͵ϮҶôҲû뵽ԼĴ־ȻһоͱˣȻһ֣ͬʮָһҲ۵Ҫ벻ףԼĴǷǳǿӲģұ滹طôһӾûˣղǹô£

׼ϸһʱͿҶѾˣͷ˿뿪ĲˣԼҲҪ˷ʱ䣬һ˵İΧ롣

ٺ٣湻ˣǺڣ

˵ţǰһڶ֮ǰɰҶͻһҶħͬʱֱײ붴С



Ǻڶ˶˲Сˣ㶵ؿźڶʧĵطֿ˿ѾߵİҶ

ңûô򵥣

˵ţַųһڶȥ͸еһͣѾ˰ҶС

㡭ңҶʵ

⻰ȷʵ˵ȥˣо֣ղԼһĶߵģԼôģƺΪȻԼ϶ٶһᡣ

ΪʲôҪӰ죿𣿡

ҶûκƣƽҲǰһ˿

ֿԼץŴ֣Լһ˵Ǻܴ裬ؿŰҶԼְѺڶϣĴֶɳǹļҶȥ

Ҷһ֣һԣʵĴȥǵĴ˭

Ϊһ𣿡

оղܵ˾޴ŭҶǰ˼ڣҪѰҶѹɷĩ

ҪҶҪæĶ˵ͬʱαģγһӰӣֵĹ

Ҷλζͬʱһ˫ֲħ壬֪һ߹ţһɢЩϢǣЩӰһûĸо

һΣ͵Ǵеһ

ٺ٣Ϊղıը˵Ҳ壬طң

һɱ㣬졢أɱ㣡

ҶһЩɢħʱǿذŨŨѪɢܡ

û뵽ȻôȻûʲôãϵĴһʧ˰˳ɣطƤģеĵط¶࣬۵ιȥ

ȻȴûҪȥ⣬ʵȻܣǣϵֻطˣһڵĻͷȼ



һ Ž



˺ѷεֵֻҪƵģôģʹ࣬ҵֵס

ʱϷ˵Ľ⣬һذ֮ǰ֪ߡ

Ҷλͬ᷶Ĵ˲ߣнĺˮֱӿŲƤصĵطʱЩˮĵطȼ˺ɫĻ档

ˮкϢƻ˵ӭֻƬ̼䣬ȫȼ˺ɫĻ棬ǽƺ֪ûˣʼһɢַʹĺžĲҽУҪҡ

չв

ҶеԼȻ˿ЩҵֱӳȭֱӲеһ֮ͳһȭͷС鵤

нУ߽ԪӤħħֽڵֹȻ֡

ֵĲҽȻֹΪڵãԼϾһֺܹķҵƵʹûõģҵİ£Ӳȥ󵥵ʹ࣬ǿҰٱǧֹʰˡ

ûطıֵһжʾĵطҶҲֳǸطȥһŹ⣬һ

Ҷûо˼ֻǺ뿴ѣ֪ķ񵱳ɽԱյķһô׽⿪ģǶʩ߱˵

ҵȻǾ߲ƵϣǺ֪ȥû˿壬ԻƺȻҲת۱յĸɸɾ

ССлλƵسҶϴһһϷɽǸСڵ㣬ʧ١

Ҷ֪ǸСڵ㵽ʲôҲûʱ룬Ҫȥɽ磬ΣҪŸףøװæһ䣡

뿪ʱһļµĸоĵȻ̧ͷѾһƬڸյһ޴Уеģٵˣ

ڰҶΪ뿪֮ʱǱѹƵĽŲǰˣԼֻǵʱֻڱУֳڶֵķŭУһҲû⡣

˵ǿյˣҲҶΪ֮ɫƺǾˣ˭֪ǲıأһʱ侹Ȼû

ʱҶվﲻֻ̧ͷգһЩ˲ŷӦһеҶСģ٣

ڶ˵ǶҶԶʼ;٣뵽Ҷ˵ݣûҪɽ٣һʱ䲻֪ٵô£ڿԵĹȻǰҶæϵĻѵҶҶϣ

һߣҲһѽ˵⽣ã

ǺĳҲʾһˮ򣬵Ƿķ

ҶԼķиоܰ񱩲Ϣҡҡͷ˵ллңԼɣ

˵꣬ͼƣһźֱߵմȥ

ħ˸߿գ˵ķͣ棬˲֪ҶΪβǵĶвţˣŸǿķɡ

ҶڰգеԽԽ˱ѹȥҲܣȻ޹ٵһͷٵĹģҲø

ʲô٣ôôƴ󣿡

˶ɽپҶɹĽȼֱСӸһ

ƺһ٣Ҹе֮ȫڣ

ֹУħ;ٵϢ



쿴ˣ

˳ȥҶﲻԶʱһʱܵӰ죬ٵƸǰһЩϵطƵЩ˶ʱҵǱ磬Ҳݲǣ

Ҷظڰգ˸տʼļ⣬Ȼû˿־壬Ϊ뿪˼ľˣҲΪԼˣҲͲںˣ֮ڵһֵڵһֵ꣬أֻǿ졣

ƺ

һȻҶ龪ȵؿеڵ֪ղŵǴڵϴģҶȷ˵Ĳ֡

ף죬һֻĶ

ǾˣԽǹ죬ҲԽ죬ԽǵҲõ羵ƣ񣡡



һ 

Ҷ֪˵˭֪˶

˭Ϊʲô˼ҵڵ

壬壬Ҳɽ壬еһͨ塣

Ҷ¶㯵ɫ˵˵ûȶɹ٣ջһܶ顣

ĻҶЦҿ϶Ҫӳڣһֱڻš

ڵսУҶͷԽԽڰա

Ž˶һٶʹ֣Žһƾ˴

ڰҶղŵһϵ¼ĸͻͽվڽ֮£Ȼݲȡ

ʱ䣬Ŀ֮ȫƸǣҶͷһ޵׵Ŀնżܿ˿˿ĵδУ￴ǵߺСҲмɴϸȸܴﵽɡ

ԭ˶ѾԶԶ뿪ˣǸܲסƵѹһߵľһЩСѾĺһʱľﻹԭɾɾۻľ̨ͤ¥󣬶ҵŰȻҵƣҲûҰܲʧȥ˾ųϵ

ڰҶȴʱɽһطһȺ˷ɢһƬĹ㳡УЩǴӾˣ˵һ˵õȮ죬Щ඼Ǹտʼеˣʱȴͷһ֣Լʵգ֪Լɽ磬ĵط

һЩϲ֡һЩȴݣʱʮ߾ԵúܾɥΡ˱ҵȻͷطסһЩҿǿд˳ȥҵɵ˺ȴǲɱġ˴һԱյ״̬֪ʲôʱԺ͸Ѳˡ

ߣȥ˰ɣǶɽ֣϶а취ģ

ҡҡͷ˵Ǹյɽ磬Ҫ͵¡ǧ꣬ڲȥ˵ǧԼΪܻ

һҲ˵ûǼһУҪĲһػˡҪúðסᣬ˵ԼҲɽߣ

ĺ׳˵΢һЩƬ̺һ˵ǻĦʹƺ鷳˲ǰɣ

ҡҡͷģĦʹԼȥһ磬ҪԼΪ𡣼ˣҲֵͷϡ

ӦòᡣǼһﱾзǳǿʵطԼţýܣ˭ס

û˵Ժֻ뵽һˣҶ˵ˣ߻鷢仯ɡ



ɫ޵׵ĿնУ׵罥Ѿ׵磬ƮĻ𻨣ĳŹâǵԼûɫٵ۱֣ҲάĻ

֮ǰҶЩеǿ˿ֲζɹûʲôգڣЩǰһӿĴ󽭣ȴѾһţֻҪԼŹȥҲ͹ȥˡ

űԼĸ򣬶ŵĶԼִţǶ;ͬʱ顣

ǺԤףҶһǿ˸߿գʱ֮׵ֻǱؼӵϣȫǾ޴ޱߵҲת·ĿԲڣӿˮҲŽһԵСֱӱ˷ĩܿ캣ˮ˦һԣ׵ĽʯҲˣǿѺҲͱһ޵׵Ĵ



ߣڷԿʼˣƻ÷Щޡ

⿡˵Ļͷ˵׼ˣɽϷвٷˣҵ̾ʹ￪ʼһĨɱ

˵䣬ǿüͷָǰһ㣬ɢһĨɫȻɫеؾ󽥽ˣһԵĳȾȵ٣˭ڶɽ٣ôƣ

׼ҵСû뵽СѾѷô࣬ɽٳɹΪӳǧ

æ˵ӳôࣿǸô

룬ͷժǸڵӡ

һͷǹ⻬ļ̣һͷǲ֪ͷкһС׺ͬڵӡ

ӣֱӳǰȥӵļ񴦣ֱӴƿռ䣬һС

ҶеŰʱʱ̶̿ĸֻԸ֪ʲô

Զڿţģ˭Ҳûǲ֪ҶʱͿʷһ޴ޱȵĶ



һĽ ֮

ȥһ޴˵ĹӣֺûìֻǸͷʵ̫ԶԶȥռ˺ôһƬطɿ

ôһ޴ޱȵֶôƾճ֣Ȼ֮İҶȥ

ֻĿţ˵ǰһްҲľ˺ԶһЩֻ֪ܶˣо

Ҷ֪޾ȴһ㵭ɫЩȥһ㣬ʱᱻ紵ɢʵϣǲûбɢԽԽ࣬ڰҶܵٶû˿Ӱ졣

Ǿ޴ļ̾ҪˣЩɫ̳ƮƮӭȥϢײһ

ȻϢһۿɼĺɫƴཻת۱ϡԼߵ·һѵһƾճһɿˮѷ죬ҲһĿӡ

һط˵һǰһɢӴ̿ĿռնҲ漴ˣ㬵ջӣ˿һۼ̾ɳʱˮᣬʱȴǿûҵȪˮ֮ǰû취

һԵĳʵȪˮ

ǰɳɽûֳˮǺѵֵģϾɳƬ̼Ĩɱ

ǻֹ𣿡

ҡҡͷȻֹˣղһҲһӰ죬ɹ٣ҲֻӼѡˣˡ



Ҷ֪ɳΪԼһ춯صһϴУ˵

˵ζΣգֻжɹٲŻ뵽µ;磬УбУǵĴвʱ㽵½ܶɹѡǱ㱻ܣȻĨɱ

ԭȣҶҲôΪڣе뷨Ѿˣûʲô˵˼

бǸһΪ򵽵ǲͬģһ˵Ϊߵһس̶ʱҪͻᷢʱ䣬ʱķʽ١

ȷһԳſ·տʼ˱Ǵ·СΪĲӣСҪ·ȴԽԽֻпԼ·ſʺԼС·˲ܹȻֻܱ·

·ſ·ĹǶɽ١ԣɽٲ㣬ȥӦѰԼ

ǰҶʱĸĸǰδеŽûΣգ෴ԼĪĽ

常뿪Ҷ·Ϊرڿ羵ҿĲ죬Լ

ҶŸĽѾҪɹˡ

ƽ˶ɽ٣ɹ֮󣬻϶ΪҶн壬ҲûʲôΪɽٵõĺôǽĽȫ˳ȥתһҲ׵ĵزãܷԲǧԿе

΢΢۾֪ҪٵǾŽıȴǻʵ飬ҪӦµ

䡱һĽƼٳĴоĺˮһ𣬳һ޴ޱȵĴˮӡ

硢硢סɷˣǾһûˮС

⿴ȥǸ޴Ľѣ˺ܶɹȥеİҶȴޱȣı˵Ҳûʲô˵

ɵ÷ԲǧΪң֮⣬зɳ

еĽ˵ʱܿ񱩵Ϣ˲ʧǲڹһǾ޴ҲһûӰܷƽ˾˾þһΡ

ϲ

ǸԳֱӴз

ףҲ˵

Ӧɽɣⶫ̺ĵǿҲֻǸղŲ͸ģܲ谭

Ҷסˣĵ

вݵĵʯͷҲʯͷĵһҳҲԼƵͳĴЩС㻹ûôģȻЩʱ򲢲ǶôҪġ

صʮֶأðҶвǿҵ֪̾Ϣһ˵ҺҪ·ȥɽ磬ûˡ

ȥɽ磿ȥ

ҼȥطҲѼĴ󡣡

Ҳ̾Ϣһɽ֮ǰ׵ػȥڣ˵ȥѶȴˣȥˣⷲҲҪˣ

ΪΣ

ⷲѾ׾һˣ뿪ͿܺȻЩѣΪߵĿʼһΪ

ôһ˵ҶȻ뵽ɽ֮ʱӦĶʱ;ܴ񼴽Ĵһ㡣

˵ƴһµǴ֮֮ˡ֮ǴáݣǺһ磬ǿǿǿȡȡ

ֻǣڣУһôˣһ˵ͣ˵֧ŴõӵˣɱˣݵĵػˣҲҪˡ

㣬ڸղŶɽٵʱΪһǿ֧ŵ㣬ȹ̣ĵӺһЩˣ᧿ΣȻռҲɽ磬ȥˡ

ŴûĶҶֻ࣬ЩףʵЩΪʲôҪƻ˵ɽ룬ʲô˼

۾˵

ҶۣĲðҶг˻˵㿴ʲô

һƬڰһЩ㡭һƬС㣬һԲ̣ҶһƬڰУǵĶǣһЩöԲ̡

ЩǵǺһ磬ǸԲɽ磬ϸֱһ£֣ᷢԲճһЩС㣬ǲǣ

Ҷϸ˿ͷ

Բɽ磬ǸСеһڵķ䣬Ϊ˽ӴԷ߲˷ֱӷɽ磬ȥ߼ûɽŵ磬ûĺôֻܿޣȻޱߵ֮磬ܽɽ硣

Խ޵ķΪţ֮ǰӦüڵʹõķŴǳɽ֮ӴͣȥɽҪĽš

ҶȻִ򿪵ǸڶͣԭнţǴģǵ·޾һ㴫ģѰңΪɽ粢ûж飿



һ ɷ֮

·֪Ҷʲô˵ֻпŲ㿪ΪͬӦᱻİĨɱֻɽܰԣ֪ɽڵ鶼ȥɽ磬ˣһЩԶɽ磬һ˷ߺޣΪʲôҪǧһȥɽ磬ȴֻҪɹѾֱӷ

ѵǻٻͽΪ˱˲𣿡

ֻһɰˣĿ޳磬޳ĺɽĳһƬĶ

ڰҶеĻþУԲϵһСˣСԭλñһƬһƬطҲԵڣħŰһ

ʱһµ磬ƬܵӰ΢ı䡭

һµСɵڵĵطȥһйֻһƬطԭѾģ

ıĽһƬط˵ʵܵһӰ졭

ҶˣӰɽһƬ˵ʵҪԸӦ׼ҵ˰ɡ

֪ô࣬ǲа취

ڵ໹ȶİ굽꣬Щʱڡѷɽ糹һɽֻҪʱ䣬ȫָ

ӱƳɽ뷲һ谭Ҳ˵Բý⣬ֱ߽ɽ磡

Ҷ֪Ѷȣǰ׼Ҳɡ

˵˵ķααķҲ֪

ҶһʵܸΪʲô֪ôࣿͨɷ֮Ŀ𣿡

˵еһͨ磬Ҳ㿴еһԶɽ磬û壬ֻһĨʶ£ǿޣ磬֪Ҳ˵㡣

ǿڱ˵ᾧϣһ˲оǣֵѾǱ˼ǧ꣬ʼն֪ڵϡˣַ㣬ֱˡ

ңΪʲô

已̥֮ȴԳϵصӰмޣԸУǣȻ޳ԭҿԵõغôȻҲᾡ磬㳹״ͨһЩ֪ĶӦ𣿡

ԭȣҶΪԼ֪ĺܶ࣬ǰԼ֪СĻԼһ붼֪ʲô˼Լһֱ²⣬ǰȴǳ˼֪ˡ

ȡǰǰİ֮ãô᲻Ӧ

ǽɣƺ۾ҵȥ

Ҷֻۣозһ޵ĲȻͷжһ˿ԼϢȻѾȥˡ

ǺǣȻаҶǰɣҸδͨɷݣȣҪǾ

Ǿ

Ƕ¹Ȼ֪Ⱦ

ǾֻǵһҪסĸţɽһƬ򲻻ܵӰ죬ɽȶҲȶһЩԽеڶڶҪأ˵ȴ򵥵һΪڱһСأֱˣһҲؼѵһ

ʱӦÿȥɽˣҪȥɽѰ֮һּƷɾû󷨣ͨɷ谭

Ҷֱզ࣬ǾȻֻǵһ˺֮һɾ붼룬׼ңҶҲֻ֪һ䡰𡱺Ͷʮɾ

ƺ֪ҶľȺ;ɥ˵ЩǴڵģûֻΪûҵαؾɥأ

ѵǣȷʵŵˣõģһȥģⲻǷĿҲҵĿ

Ҷ˵еˣ͹Ƕˡ

Ҷ̾ѻ뿪ͱĵףϻûһ·Ȼ泯ˡ

ػ㻹һҪҪ֪ԽƽĶ̺ȶ

Ҷ룬֪˼˵һ˵ģ

Ҷû°ɣͰҶĹϵУûʵ

Ҷҡҡͷ˵û£ֻǶɽʱЩѡ

ҶأʻǻʦǺϡ

ȥһطĿǰܻ

ܵ˶ɱɱʹ٣˵񾭶һ飬һЩԭµˣҲóȳˣʱ˾뵽ĶһƬꡣ



һ һɢ

ûˣĽڰǰʱҲľ

ЩǰУ׷Ѱǳϣǿʵ鵤ЩǵĳС

ЩеĵӣƽֻҪúоͻкõĹõķõ鵤ҩǵͻȡﾭʲôЩСҲƿûеõö

ڣһɱƽľЩˣһЩ֣ʱҲЩŋ춴½նԷ˿޶ԣôһֱǲŵģⲻǵĺ£һִûйգѡ

Щ䣬綫ңȻҲûѪȣǵйߣҲ뷢ҲܿǿסԼ

ڣƽЩСɻɵɢޣǱǿ֮ˣЩɵĵӶĶ࣬ʱΪһҪ춷֣ǧ޳ɴ˼ҲӲĶ࣬ɱޱȻҲ𾪣Ҳ𾪣Ǵ඼ûвһǱصƽޱ硣

ҶҲƽ磬ԭ˵ԼĻʼûſڣ󡣶ˣȥǺĿ类ѹأ٣ȻѪҲٵġ

ڻȥ·ϣҶ뵽һֱûлС࣬ȥĪˣ֪Σ˵ĲռΣǲǿԿʼǾˣ

ûˡҪѰңӦ÷нˣ

صǺ£֮ԵЩ࣬һЩ֮ǰطŻָԭľɫЩɸ򱻶ۼԺ顣

ﲻǴһƬݵأݵɢʯӺ͵ӣһվһüĵû˵

Ŵң˵֮ˡҪĥѲɾͣǶǵĿ飬һǰ̬Ҫޱ޼ʵıУȻħģ

ħѾˣһ꺺ӺȻŽеȻڵϣ鱯Ȼ˴ûʹ

⺺ӵش󺰴Уû˿⣬в˸̾Ϣҡͷ

Ҳ̾˵ҪľԼȻܺúػЩʧȥģûıʱ̶ɢ

ڣЩԪӤͻǶǺţ㡣ǲ˺Ⲣǳ֮ơ

Ҷ֪ԴҲֻػŬİ취ǣȻһǰһɫܿŴҵģŴҳĬʱ˵һЩûת

˻һ˵۾ʱȻɵİҶˣ

ԭǴе꺺ӵһҶԱߣֱӹµǰԪӤֻʣһĨʶָܻܲ

ܣֻʣһҲֻǡ

ǰ仰ҵ϶ʱ¶ϲֵ飬۷׷ףνѣʧأܰЩʣԪӤͻǵ¸ʧͼ߳ɣ

˰Ҷ˵ġֻǡʵҶǲǺ

Ҷͷ˵ȷʵҪɽضʮɾҪһֵᾧҪǣҪ˵ģ

ɾҶǿ϶ҪҵģֽᾧҶҲŪģɲðˣɱģ



ɵҡҡͷڷ˵Щûһ˰ҶĻղϲ۽ľ

ϣףϣףҶԼǰḻ́ڵϣæǰ˵ҲҪģȻ˵˷һҪһԣһȥɽأЩҶȥҵģԣҵЩ֮ǰͺúػЩԪӤͻǰɣ

ǰһǺӿŰҶֶ԰Ҷ£ݵлǰ

Ҷ˵˶֮⣬һмҪߴңЩ˵Ŀģ

ҶˣȻȥһǰֱֶ˲ܺӣ˾˵ķȻΨհĴ㣬㶫Ҳš

ɽУɽһѾ˼ǧ꣬Ϊ˹⸴ԭʢǴеɽսǰ׼ֵʵ

ķǰٵ

Ҷ˵֪ϸڣҲ˵ΣЩܵĶ˺һЩǰһ˼ΪԼս

Ѿˣ֮⣬дɽħҲǧ˿Ƶϵ

˵ȷǷħʹɽ֧ŷӣڣǶ䣬൱һӰˣķȻȵǲһӻָԭʵҪģطҲϼ֣

ûа취İ취֪ߵķԶûе͵ķȹ̣Ҳӳһʱ䣬Ǿиʱͨɷ

Ҷ˼˵ʵѾΪƽ⣬طʵҲҪСȻͷɲȵҲ֮ǰ԰ҶѣԽͨƽĶԽȹ̡

ҶǼͣǶȲطɻʵ

ҶؿŴң˵ҷǣһɢ

⻰˶һɢ⻰˵ļ򵥣ǧ£νѲõһΪ˵ɢɢ

˵⻰Խܣղ˰Ҷϸ˵Ҳ⻹ûа취ð취

ΪˣǶĸžˣҲ˵ӵˣӰˣȻʱˡ

ֻҪΪɢԪӤڣͻӳٻ߼ǧ꣬ǵʱ͸ˣңһָʱ൱سʱľ󣬴Ҫʮ

˳ĬˣãԭҶǺӵһ˵ɢҴͷһɢȨǰ˽ڣⲻΪңΪ£

˴ͷˣм˵ҪɢˣȨ˵ģⲻһ˵飬µ飬˵ҶɢˣһûɢͻѹϣҲòʲôô

ûãҾͶ˼ľһɢ

Ҷгһ̾Щ˴ѣѾſˣ

Ȼ˵Ҷɢͬˣ˿ܲͬ⣬ħ˱Űǿᣬǲ

İɣһɢģɢҲֻǿģ

ɱˣȻԣҶǾЩȷشƻͷɱ˶ģҶŵ˼ɱˣӰûС

飿ǣǣ羵ⶼԼ



һ߽ 

ǰ¹ȥˣµʱЩգ۵Ĺ򣬵ڣÿ˶ù°㣬ԵʮƳ

ʮʱ߶컯ĹǺĸɸɾǺǶеʥ֮һȻɾˣԭȵȴ˺ܶ࣬һЩǺĵӿԵòϵǺǱ

ڣ߶ۼǺڷֿˣһ˹룬Ƕɾˡ

ǰһʱ䣬ҶҵǾĲһݳЩûҵģĪ˵Ҳһ֪Ǿ飬嵥ȻڶѰңûеģȥѰңֻȥȫĵطʹɽȥΣյĵطĿǰҲȥ

Ҷ׼ȥϾñҲʧش󣬼Ǹ˵ı֣ҶħȴɽЩ

ԭиҪŰҶȥҶܾˣֻҪˣֱ˫ƺǮᡣ

˫ЩӶۣҲ˺ֵܶ࣬ûôˣҲûô˱ʹ飬Щ꣬Ҫᣬ˵ҶҪȥǵһҪҶߣҶҲдȥ

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ҶҪҲҪȥһ£԰Ҷ˵ûȥʲôΣա

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иͬ㣬ǾΪߣҲǰҶѡĹؼһЩضΪ͵ȥҲԷ̫󾯽䡣

Ҷ׼ʱһĿˣǵǱ붫ǸˡȻȻصغܺãȻһ۷֣ڵĶûзͻ

º겻Ωħ֮ǰȥ顣

Ҷӹ˿˵ãһȥɣ

ԭ׼õ飬԰Ҷ붫Ǹ𣬾겻Ωһȥ·

Ӷȥ·;ԶҶԭǺ鴬ں겻ΩˣǾ˺겻Ωķ

һηӺĹǿֻٶȼ졣

ҶǺ鴬Уб޻Ȼź겻Ωηϣ۶ȥ

ηԼٶһ£ܳһЩĺӺҲܿµɽ½زԶˡ

ǰһҪҶ˵һ¡

ʲô£

ħ˱ͲùܣǿѹƣȻû˷㣬Ȼʵ߾Ȼвܣԡ

Ҷû˵һԵ˫еʲô˼ǰͳһ𣿡

ǮȻиᣬȥҲᣬȴĺݣ˫˵Ҳ˵

ΪʲôڲŶ˵

겻ΩһĿЦΪ˵ҲǴ߷Ըġ

һһڵغŰҶרŸɾƣЦҡҡͷԴӳƺͨˣٳƣЩָԭԵ֤ݾǣɾѾˡ

Ҷ΢΢˵Ҫģĸһʰأ

ҶҪǴӦɢģвأҪɱ֣ڵѾаڷˡ

겻Ωû뵽ҶȻôֱӴӦˣֻǵͷҲǿЦ⡣

ʱ䣬ڿߵһĨħ

겻Ω̾Ϣ˵ǰѾħˣħ߰ﹴһŪ˳ȥħķΧˣҲ˴ˡ

ŶҲͽˣ

ǰߣ޼Ĵħԭٵ󼸸֣ܣҪһڶɾͻҷˡ

ҶܣռһжʾУԽԽ٣ħԽԽࡣ

⼸ţԵħǵʴ겻ΩóĿƣڰҶʾ£˶ˡ

ʵǳǰҶóһֿԵħɹǳ£Ӳħʴһ̶ϰħʹá

Ȼ˼ӣܲþܾ

ܿ죬ȫħķΧѾȫħˣħеɫܵϾͺ졢ڡīסҼ֣ǻҰ׵ɫʱӹѪɫĹ⣬ԶɽеڣеĲҰףеīɫһɵѪζǷ˽ֻҪһϢħͻữѪˮ

ЩҪʲôҶָżһȺˣЩ˵Ӳȫһһ˫飬ط⣬ǶɢɷƺҪ˳Ե

겻Ωüͷһ壬֪ǡ

⻰ŮȻҪ˹˾Ȼһ֪ӣҪǿҶҪˡ

Ҫɱ𣿡ʵ

ܲɱͲɱҪɱҲҪһɱǳڶĿǡ

ȻĹǸŵĲݰɱȵģֻһСɵذףɵηԴϣǼļһ

ǰߣ˽Դħʲôǳ𣿡һһһǹ߽š

鲻ã䣡ƾȻش˹ȥҿҲǻӦڴһİ·˵ʻ

˫Ǯụ࿴˿ݸʱдʵȥħߵסôߣէʶ·

⻰Ҷƿȥôһӱó̼𣿡

뵽ҶԼҲǣеѹҲһӼ᲻١

ƾ뿪˾뿪ˣֶɢˣȻɥ

ιôػҪָ·ţȻ·ʣ

ˡŮԳЦԴӴǵһôЦһЦ֮£ѹֵԹһɢ˴롣

ҶҲһöˡ

ȺһȻû뵽߾Ȼشħ˶İôòԭáĴʻȫ˺˺ð죬һһС˵磬ǲǲˣ



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ʵѾٲˣһУƺܴ󣬼ȺĶᡣ

ƵĹɹתֱħȥħԼĹֶΣⲻȺһﾪȣҲϵĺ겻ΩĿɿڴɲ֪ħϴҶħ;֣֪Ҷݲ򵥣ҲȻˣСô£Ҳ

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ǴͷĴԴ˵ֵǣϣ

ֻתͷͿ˵ǰһӾضţаƺ㰡

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ιЩʲôƺ˿ھƣʵ

ħ˿ƹžƣŨŨľӺ«ƮɢѾ˳ĿˮٿħˣҲɵɵؿƺĺ«ſˮſˮƺˡ

⵹ǳƵԤˣԭ껰ֱӰЩΣЩһ缢ƿʵӣưѺ«ţǰ˻Σξƴ˳

ϣôô˷ѣħ˼ͬʱѵʯͷϵļξˮպպС

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˵˦«һСľˮӺ«ɳڿһţƮƮظħһϣ

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겻ΩҲҡҡͷ˵ʥħ£ʥħħߵ£ħߵܴʵҲħߣΪʲôЩСҲ

˭ĵ̣Ҷʵ

ħΧ˭ĵ̶ǡ˭ʵħķΧܴ󡣵ķΧȴСħһ⣬»߳УڱлҲֻиĲŲ˽롣

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ֻǣûһӣͣΪǵ·һȺ˵סˣЩͬɷֻǣڰҶУЩ֮ǰһ

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겻Ωһ૵ӦҲʥħ£һôôµ



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겻Ωͷŷֱӳ˹ȥЩ˹ȻĶᣬһûС

ֻǹһӣǰ·ٴαε·Աǰ˸߳࣬վħӿȥǲǵ

ܴ˰ɣ

ƽӵҶ⣬·Щ˶

ߣ͹ȥ

˼ҲҲȥһֻˣذס

Щ˹Ȼɷ֮ͽ֣ʼһʱ䣬ǹꪶ˹

ħ˵ǿᣬǵعֶζǽҲУǿķΪҪܸߣȺˣûǿķֻý

ƵѸ٣һӰӰεħ֮Уһذ״һĺ⣬һһЩ˵ϸѽƴȥ

ħ䲻ȫΪϸУϸҲħʱʧȥж

һĹЩ˾ͶˣǲûЩ˻ֵɱ

ҶûпƵıݣ鿴ڲԶĵطһСһֻ۾ƺ˹۲ǡ

ҶΪ⣬ƻǱּǰɡ

ڽ·ϣǽ·ģ˲䷳ƣ˫ǮᶼҪȥܣ·ˮƽߣûˡ

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Ϊ׵ħߣԱߴŵɫ·ʥħһߴɫ·ħĶǵӡ

ħǸģȥ˫С۾ȷʵľڰҶڣȫѪɫзҵĺУһ˫۾ɢϢ

ħ֣ȼ׹ӣ

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Ҷ֪ʲô⣬˵ħߣʲô𣿡

Ҷ̬ȿνħû⣬˵֪׹ˣ׹£һ˿Ļᡣ

ҶüͷԭΪ֣Լ鷳ģƺֱҪԼ£˻

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⻰ħ˽թƺӦţһߣô˵棬˵ôˣƺֲ˵ѡ

ǰЩô£

²֪Σϲ̨СϷ

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һŽ ʱ

С֣ҲвѵĿԣħڣòԭıˣħеĴħͷоܾúҪˣд߲ͬǷ֮֮ȥᣬҲŪ׵׷ʲô

һЩСħ˴Ϣħ֪һЩ飬ħ֪Ķܶ࣬ҲһЩǳֱԼ÷¼˺κʱֵ֪˾ȻˣԱѺĳ

ҰֱҰħͷֱδ֪ΣգҶʱǰ翵ΣոоȻһɢˣȷľġ

ǲ֪Σ⣬һЩҪϷֺԭĵ̣ڱеļħͷ״̬ҪŹϷֵģħͷĵںʲôϣѾʼ

ϴεıУħʧԼ㶼ɥиоķУ϶ٴһΣȻһЩĻᱻ𣬶㲻£Ҳٴ⵽شϾǰˡ

ϵɣԼԳӭӰҶϣҶܽ£ǰһħͷ˵ֱǲܵġ

֪ΣգҶʵ

֣һ㶡û뵽ҶʣֻҪظоִħһЩϢ֪䶼ΣգÿöҪЩ˸ռ˵ǣû뵽ҶȻˡ

֣˵Ҷ˵֪ûϵϸ㡣

ǣҶҲҵطôվ⣬һڵĴСħˡħͷˡЩƽֻ֪ɱ¾ȫһħΪ֪ôϸġ

ڱħʵһҶؽһ֪ͨڵġѾ᧿ΣвǶɽ䶼Ҫ

ҶϸΧ˾ȻҲķǳϸҶʱһʱħӿһЩħͷħ˵ΪȻƾ࣬ðҶʮɻ

ǱڵǸȻ˵ˣ˵ڣĹϵڰЩڽ൱ڰǣԼʵ

ҶɿЦҪɢġڰﵹæ𣿡

˵֪ʲôĽǷӦڡЩڡȻǡǺȻ飡

ȷʵ˵ҶһȻ飬Ȼĳ㣣Ҳû뵽ġ

ЩħʵȻһأð춼ûӦֹãħҶݵлӣ

ѾѡסȥֱӡȻݶλˡ

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Ҷൢʱ䣬ֱ֣ӹ˳˵ȲҪлңһлҪ˵ղֻ˵͵ΣҪ˵ξȵ

Ҷ˵ɢһ˵νȻһ籩

ħͷħеرʵڱкҲѣΪħ߽ݾٶȱȶ߻ߴɽǿ࣬Ϊﲻ֪ʲôʱͶһΪ˱˵ĿԣЩħֵһĥѻˣҪɢǲǰȥ𣿣

ո˵Ҫ֣ҲһľȣղŰҶǽ⿪ɻֱΪôת۾Ҫɢȥ

֣ߣȻǣղŰҶ˼һãɢڱеһӻ֮ߡ

Ҷ֣ȴӾȱó˼֪뵽˹ؼɢûԸÿƣܰģɢԼҲкôϾȫɢ꣬ԸֻðΪȫɢȥ

ߣؿͽ˵ĺɢ룡ħһӴ

ЩħͷħҪ˳ʱоЩԸǲ֪ҶݣҲûֻ֪ðҶûʲôµģֻǶ̸еģõŹ鸽

ħڳ˼Ȼûµ֣ħûӦħͷָŰҶ˵ҶƻǶıһЩֱҪѰҶ˵ɱ

޵ǰƶһ㣬ڰҶ˵ֵܣЩ˿ɱǰǿˣٸЩˮҰ㵲š

ҶЦҡҡͷ˵ڻǴܵʱ򡣡

ҶǰȺ鼤ܵһħͷ˵Ҹʱ俼ǣ

˵գˡơ˫Ǯᡢ겻ΩԼķ˲ԭʧٳʱѾ˰֮⣬Դɹ٣⡰ʹõĸ˳֣Ҳǿˡ

Ϊʲôǣ˫ɻʵ

ƽӵǿǴߣʵ൱ڶǰҲ൱ڶɻ߸ߵĸ֣Ǽû׼ܴĹ𣿡

ǮǰЦЦʣҸղźʦ־ƣ˵Ҫǰǲǣ

Ǻǣֻǿڿ˶ѣЩƺȡ

ҶЦҡҡͷ˵ˮȵģ˵ĶԣʵܸߣǴ׳ԿǻҪЩ׼겻ΩǿЩȥħ߰ɣ

겻ΩڰҶ˲Ƶʵôˣһֵǣûиеһ˿ǶˣܵĵطԼˡ

ãߵĵ̲ԶˣǼӿЩٶȣ

ϷҲٶȣǰȥ

˵ħߣǰĵһ˵ҪɢԥˣãлǾҪֻǣعʱҶȻѾ뿪ˣһæʵأ

ߣǼһﲻ֪ʲôֱ˲ˣѾȥңһҵǣ

һħͷеߣֱɱǰɣ˹Ƥ˵Ƕǵģ

ħҶ뿪ʱ֪ˣħͷĽһƴȥֱӰǸħͷķ飬һѪɢĵǣħͷûɢѪ䶯ָܿԭӣֻϢ˺ܶࡣ

Ƕʲô˭ٸ˵˭

˵գһ˦ӣֱ˲Ʋ

ߵôˣ

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ǼߵʲôͷôߺƵġ

֪Ӧò򵥣ղĵϡͿģȴоڶӦǸ

۴ҲǴΪʲôҪ

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ħԼĵõϢ࣬οЩСħͷԸղħķŭЩֻ˳ӣʵģڱֻ

Ҷ죬½شɽһӱ˲ԭݿɲݣһ޼ʵĺڲݣħݣżлɫĻڲݰ׻Եʮֹ졣

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һ ħ

ԭȫƽģڣڰҶǰֵĸɽɽϺڣżܿһЩĽ֣ɽϴķ˻𣬴һȳʱܿһĹεץҧһ

ɽԲ˵ǺܾǰһħôӶģһƵ󣬱ħܿ죬ʹһɽħɽȻԲټĲԭϣֻһСѡ

ɽǰ겻Ω򿪽ɽŵĽƣһħͷȻħ̽ͷ겻ΩٺٵЦ겻Ωˣ

겻Ωһ㶣ŭԽô

ٺ٣ôףҿǾħģԽħͷһ۾ǰɫģһƬɫûͫףžƽ˼־⡣

Խ˿ҶˣһЦͷ촽ζ϶ܺã֪ûе

ҶؿѾͨ򿴵ΣħͷħˣԵطֳӪɽϵһһ쳣Ů˸߸棬ǼΪܸߵħͷŮ˶š

ҶԽƣ˵ζ϶֪ûеǽȥ

ŶԽǰһٺЦ֮ã

겻Ωæ˵ܽǳħߵˣħݵˣ϶Ҳģ϶壡

£ҶЦЦֿһԵǮᣬ˵Ǯʦ㣬һǺġƽΡһ¾С

ǮͷҶͷҲЦŰҶ߽

ҶȥˣǮ˫ţƿ˿겻ΩЦ㲻ҿɽȥˣ

겻ΩԽһЦӣֿź޹˼ɵİҶǣҲһҧŽȥˡ

λҪŶԽŹˣȻһ֡Ҷڵλöʱ˱仯ԭȻɽ·ħħľʱȫɣʲôҲ

겻Ωһ֣ˣ֪ıû뵽ȻǻԪħ󣡡

ĻսͿǮ˳ȥǺƽΡ

ûõģԪħֻϤλ˲߳ȥκιûЧ

Ļû˵ֿ꣬ҶֲƽηĹУֻȻǺɫܻɵɫ˵üˡ

Ȼ䣬Ҷַǿҵĺɫâܵĺ˾ú˶Ǻһ

ǰҶǮĿأҶɹ֮󡣳ڶĸģ³ܶʽҲֳɵĻ׵ʹԼԼǿ΢ȷе˵Ϊ

ڣǮƽֻһ㣬ҶֺʼãȫħҲڼ̵ʱģ³ǿĺ뵽ƽУһӣʹƽط췭ظı仯

棬ԽԸ׼еˣȻ俴ǰ淢⣬ţԼȫһᵫȴ쳣صѹѹţҪ˵˵ˣգҲ֣ɽϵжһɫϢУżܿԣǺйƵġ

겻Ωħǰ³ɽ

һǴСˣҶɲǳ˰

겻ΩûܵѹȣΪϻʩչطԺһصã԰Ҷ˵׹ӣħߵѾ֪ħ߷ʲô£ǻǿЩȥɣ

겻Ωػս㷢ܾȻѾ˵طɻسܿ˿۽ǲض˼Ȼ˵ĿյҶѾֱƶɽУ

ˣˡ겻ΩкȻԼ޵ı

ɽĴҲħߵĴʱоˣλŵǰǸ޵ŮˣŮ˾ħˣ⵹ǺðҶ⣬֪һŮħΪߵģͨ򣬰ҶŮϵѪȲǰħ٣гŮ˶ͷһѪĵĶߣģǰҶҲеѹ֡

Ů˵λǰվһˣģһʮͷͷںڣֻкǰ׵ģϵ·ҲڰʮۣһȣڵĹͷͷӨӨͷһ˫׻

׵ˣħ嶼ǿ׺ٴˣˣʽҲ࣬ӱȥֻվľ޴׳档

ҶǵͻȻ˵ע⣬ǻعͷԭ˵Ҳȫһ

ߣһֱĬţǵǣеһŮʵ

ħ¶޵ЦݣûԺҵˣдµȻҪʾˣ

⻰һĺ겻ΩٴסˣȻһС

Ǯʦ㣬Ľħ𣿡˫ǮᣬСʵ

ǮͷҡҡͷҲ֪ħһ·ҲûŮˣҲһŮ˻ֲĵط˸ߵλϡ

ҪΪˣĻҲסˣɵϸŰҶͰҶһԵˡ

ͬʱЦ

һʲôΪûеķˣΪԪӤڵߣߣҽҲôҵģ

ʵѾ˰ҶĹ죬Ҳϴ޵ĵħǲʲôǴЩˣħңħֺȻǿֶΣͳһħĻᣬЩͷģĺõĻԺҲͳһΪһ

ǴųħߵģûħߵټΪ֪ħߵǿᣬȻϴδˣҲǿԴġ

ֻǣû뵽ǣħ߲ûǴ򣬻ֱӽɽǾħʾǣǿʼˣеĴפħɽҲö֮ħ߶š

ħû˿ΪôԼλϣֱ˵ȵĲͷˣŵ˵һȾͺˣ

ҲٵȵνҲû¶ֻ֣ǣҪȵˣȻôˣ˲ɵشЦ

УѾ϶ʾǹŵû˿Ц֮ȻôˣǣлЩ޺ޣɵŭӴߣħߣ㻹ԼЩɣԺħ߻ܸλã



һһ 

һֱĺ겻Ω˵һѹ

겻Ω֪һǵΪҲͱԼǿһЩ߿ɲʮǧΪʲôôŵضԴ߽

һñӺߵ겻ΩֻǸСûʸ˵

ιǸħߵˣԼҰ

ҶԼ˵ʵħ˭

һΪǡֻ֪ˣСİ׳գ겻Ωſھ˵˳

˼ͬʱֹ겻ΩҲͬʱе죡

𣡡

һֻƾճ֣ſڰ˵ĹȻǺһȫƣͷǣһۼףֻӣ룬ʵĽףֽС롣

Сһ˲Լͬغһֱ

ҲٻޣһҶʵ

Ҳٻ˭Ҷʵ

ȻǼߣҪΪٻʨ۾㣬ˣٻǵصɻɱ㣡

˵ţдżƺǰѾŵˡ

Ǿ͵ɣҶ˵

˵ţСȥ˻Щµģͬʱ˷Ӧֻ׼սʱâ󷢳ֱӲϣǶá

ͷ㱰͵Ϯ

˵Ǹڰ۵ͷ

СҧǣϳǲƵغâһͷСƣ˾ôֱͦͦصȥû

Ǯ㣬棡˫ЦŶǮ˵

ǮͷԭΪħͷǶּʹͽû뵽Ȼ˵㣬ʵȴ׳ղ࣬Ϊǻô£ˣϴһˡ

ļһ죬߸λϵħҲվħ߲ޣϵװҲԸֻؿƬɫҶ֮ǼƬɫֻ꣬ͷͷˡ

۵ļ޳˫ȡ͹ȵģƤϻɢһζħ

˫ǮᶼŮˣȻħ𣬵л̲סĽĵλס

쿴ֻоСкȻðһȫӿһȣüͷһ壬ֻ˸áȫʱһƬǹѹȥһ˫ۿǰ֮

ݼӣ

ʼ˵ħһ֣϶ţ˿ߵòֻ֣Ǿһ£ˡ

ҶһֱʵȴѹȸеŮӣԾеĴҲٰɡ

ΪҪңҶʵ

ħһЦνĶ˵һֱעŶ֮¡ҲǱһ˴̽ˣ⣬ҲԼط֪һЩҪ֪飬ӣΪħ𣬵ҲԸڹ£ɢҲãսҲգһüͷŶ֪ҪɢҶǺˣŮΪ£Ȼô׵˵ɢ

Ȼ֪㹫˵Ҳ˴빫һǰȻ㹫һȥɽ

Ů˵ҶѾ֪˵ʲôˣʲô֪ˣʵʲôҪ󣿡

ֻڹԣ

ҶǰŮˣ˺һ˵ãһ㣬ɽһ취

壡

һȻһϲæлӣ

ղţҶϸϸز壬ŮڵħЩ죬˵屾⣬һ˵ӴħӦѾħˣȴȻ⣬Ҫֻܷܸ죬϶ǴﲻҪģֻȥɽ磬Ҷа취

ҲȷʵŰҶȥɽ磬ֻԼҷɽħ࣬˰ҶıӻɽҲ߶ֻû뵽ҶȻһӿ˼ҪҷǾϲãǧ䡣

ӣҵһ빫Ӳ鿴Ȼ˵

ʲô



ת·Ҷ˫ǵͷһȥ겻Ω˵ģȴǸͷͷҲȥ

ħܴ󣬵ȴܼ򵥣ӴһԵС㵽˵ͬһĿռ䣬ûӣֻںڵݶһЩ֪ﴫĻҰ׹ߣطԵЩɣ

һ·ǰܶããһƬ˵˵ĺԶˣ۶ͷɼжô㡣

ǰ·Ȼͣе沮

ǸڰͷȳҶһȻֳһ񣬽վĬĬħ䡣

ؽºȻһ׹⣬Щ׹ڿн֯һķغʯͷһĶЩʯͷһһڵϣܿʹһ̨ӡ

̨Ӵɺͷ̨һɫĹâܿ죬һƬʵľͳ档

û˵ҶѿӦͼӰֻ֪ħ߸ʲô

˵ӣɲǱͼӰ뿴Щݺύĵط

Ҷ̧ۿȥֻƬͼӰϵһЩطݺύĵطЩ㻹ڻƶ͵ΪʱˣĸȳҪĶ࣬ǧǰҾ沮һЩݺύΪݻҳ֮ΪݣӿܿЩʲô

ôһ˵ҶǺܾˣڵҲֻһ̫ӡû뵽ȻǧǰѾݻ˵ʽ

ϸݵĶһƬڰУǵݺύڻ𡢶ߣҶظ򣬹Ȼеʸơ

ãߣľҶ̾

ӻǽɣ

ȻޣǲǵɢһȻ󣬵ûж԰ҶʩչκֶΣǺҶ̸

һЩ˿Ҷָ߸ϵˣû־ڳֻǸİ˿ӣһϤͻְᷢҶûʲôӡ

̾ݵľ鸽ҶĸоѾܺˣ΢ЦŶ˵һǽɣҲֱӽҰҶҶ

ҲһЦ⣬˵Ҿûǹӽ˳ڣӲҪ־ˡ

ᣬᣡ

΢΢Цţָ˵֮Ҵӿʼ˼沮һƣܹٶʱ䣬ֻݻ˵ȴҲˡƺ֮ұʱ۲죬һֱıĪ⣬ֻڼǰҾͷ쳣ΪѲ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôֱҲϧһжԵóˡ



һ߶ ȥҳħ

Ů˷̾ϢҶҲܸоһֱӿƽһᣬܵն

Ҷ֪ĵĸ̾˵㲻ôۣΪʱδü

ǰұһֱŹ

֪ҵģΪζôģ

Ǻǣӿ֪ܲɣ沮ɻȻȷ֪δȴһЩߣϢͨ沮ҶĸȻ֪ӡ

ҶһԲԲĺڰͷԺг˶ܵǧǰҲһͨˡ

沮Ҷһ񣬲ûʲôưһҲǷǳǡ

ӣ㿴

һĨݵϿֳһµͼӰĲ࣬ȴвͬ

İǰݣӿ浱ݶԱһ¡

˵ҶѾ쵽ݵĲͬҲڱȽš

ʱҶе˵ˣ仯֮ٻ֮ĺܾϸ򵥣

Ҷͬ۾һİǰһƬƽݺʱʮֵѸ١ݺύܼ֯ĶٶȺࡣ

ƺ֪Ҷᷢ˵ǳħڵĵطҲ֪ʲôȴ֪к飡

Ҷ뵽ղ˵ٻ㰵ѵħܽͨ磿ٻĶӰ

࣡Ӧȹ̣һЩٻʲôǷ꣬һ춯޴Ӱ졣

к£ΪʲôûĨɱ

ԭһҲطܲ󣬵ڶ֪ĽΪ˴ﵽԼĿģûܵӰ졣ҲӦû£ûҲֻĿǰȥҲ£롣ڶֿܱȽϴ󡣡

Ҷͷ㿴ŰҶ˵ӣħߣҪδã

˳ħмҵأ

Ҷûشָطʵ

ָһط˵طһֱ仯ţֻһͨɽˣ

ָһ˵Ƕ£ħأҲһֱˣһǵأҲˣ

ҪҲֻгħһ쳣ˡ

ǣطֻгħߴǿɿƵģ

Ҷ˼һᣬȻһԵǮᣬ˵Ǯʦһȥʦ

ʲô˫æʵҶһսģôܰԼ£

ҶЦ˵㡣תͷ㡣˵㣬֮Ҫʲô׼Ҫһͳµݣ

ƺµҶ˼ͷ˵ӷģҪʲô֮ǰѾˣֻ𡣡

ȷʵҶҪģӦĵȻǺУ˵Ҫ˵Ķ࣬Ϊ˸õظʾõķҲǿµ÷

Ǯʦ㣬߰ɣ

ʱˣʡʡҪͣӰĴڡ

Ҷһξ룬Ȼͣס˽Ųͷ˵㣬ܲżħи־һ𣿡

ԣ

ҶǮٵ뿪㿴Զ룬һԵĺ겻Ω˵Ѿˣһһ͸ߺħͷħɽۼ

ǣߣ

겻ΩҲ뿪ԭͲµҶĴ㣬



λλҪЩʲôЦŶƺ˫˵

˫Ʊ沮һȥ

ҶǮ߳Ĵ󹬵ǰһﻹϵĽѾ˲٣ȻƳơ

Ҷǰִƣģ˵һȥħ

˲˵ҶĻжŹ⣬˵˴Ƶģ

Ҷǰߣ˱ţڰҶ棬Ǯῴ˹ģ̲סЦ

溣ɫĺѾŨŨħɢϾǶͺħڶվסһҲס

ѹˣɽϵ˶ֻǱסںɢˣҲָˣԭħߵ˶ûȻѾõߵķԸˣħߵ֪ǽҪˡ

ԽǳصѹнѳʮƣԵǼΪķ˵أȴѹء

ģ϶ʲôˣ϶ǣޣз˲𰡣

Խֵػָ壬Ҵҵ˵磬ô죿λ˻ûǹȥȳȥ

ȥλڣ滹гħ߸ǳʲôУȴͳһħĿɶܷһôûϢ

ħ֮˶׺ݲ̣ǿ϶ģͬħҸ߳ԼǰֻװӣҲǱһֶΡ

ԽĽѵջųæͷ˵ģͻȥֵǺúţ

Խͷ̧ͷħɽϣ׳ô

ԽţҶȴϵ˵㣬˿ֽܻˣæʩչѵҶϧǳֽܶ⣬ʲôҲˣħħ

ȥҳħߣ

˻࿴˿սƣһ˵ãʹȥ

˵˾ƶȥǸȻ뵽Լò˷ʱһһ˸ͷſڵϣǺ󱳵׳棬һſڵϣǿɸļ׳˶ˡ

һֱЦǮ̲סЦ˳Ҫ˫Աߣ϶Цĸ

ҶҲЦЦһţȴʹ˵ǵǴԴ⡣

ҶǮſڵϵļһת۾͵ɽ¡

ԽɽţȻоˣ붼룬ķͳȥڴȥ˲䣬Ȼ뵽ϢԭǼϵģʱּ̣Ӵ˼֡

ķȥʱ׳桱պվԽֱӹϣˡһײسǰȥˤһࡣ

Ҷһ£ղԽһַǿһ˿϶Щ˺ȥ˳ȥûʲôˡ

ײǽЩĳӣֻǣûѵǳħٻģҶаš

ԽѾоˣǶµֶκ֪ܿԽǡ

Խ۾Լˣһӻæܹһ߷һ߿ɥ˵ˣˣҲǹģΪǼء

˵æŤͷע⣬߻ߡ

ץʲôΪôͣ



һ ħٻ

쵰

ϬֱӳԽȭӣһǽѵԽǣǷйҶơ

ô׺ݡشԼԽһˣʧϰΪ

ȴ̡ʱȴλ˴ϵӻСԼûʲôʹ̹ͦġ

ʱȻλ˾ȻˣʲôķڣֲøûԷƵģɲұֳ쳣조ؽţԱʾԼʱʹࡣ

Ȼ˿ԽˡǱվһ˵Щ׼ޣǻȥɼȿš

ǣ

Խġվʼ

ҶǮվһԿ˵ıݣǿЦãħͷħͷȻȤ

Խо˰ҶǮĿ⣬һۣͬʱпΪ밡һƽɱ˲գۣҿɲܵˣ

ԽˣǰһֻڻưɫСѣһ󣬺ܿͱһֻʮɵľ޴ѡ

ħҲõǳ棬Ѳ򵥣ҶѾϸ鿴һȥѲ࣬ʵȴЩӦòġ

Խ󣬱æһ͵ѱϡҶǮҲɵȥ

Խһ£Ը˼䣬ŴڿնԷǳٶȳǰɡ

ٶȲȺ겻Ωֻ޵ٶҪЩѵĳԼٶȶţۿȴûƵġɳԭԽüɽ׵Ĺ֣ǵһںСеˮīħˮëҲƯҶϿ֪ںһ߾ǳħסĵطˡ

ǻûںı߱ͣΪǰ˴ħһ˻洫

λˣƺٻˡҪҪȥԽɫ

ȵȣһȣͬʱеͬʱЩŵؿǰħ

ҶɨħеľħŨܣϵħˮˡһֻֻСһĹ裬Щǧٹ֡֩룬ϣг棬ȵȣЩӶٻġ

ڰҶɻʱԶһ쳣ĲͷһǸоͺ౻ײһ£׹ǸħڰѲĶų

ҶûǰֹǸ۲š

ħǸͷģͷ˳Ĵ룬Բ°غӣҲףƬ״ģ״졣

ħǰһ޴ƽ̨湵ֲܲħһĺڰ׹ӹзڿл۽֯γһ޴ĹУ޾Ŀն

һˡӿնдħϳЦ⣬Աߵһ˵֣ôܸоضڲ𣿡

⡰֡Ҳһλߣħߣ˶һɫ۵ӣͷҲạ̊́ŷ죬°ͣǰĹ˵ȷʵеضڲҾزں£ֻǷŭ

ŭŭΣҲܰô

ħһЦһ˫۾סضţԵú˷ܣ˵֣úÿš

һ֣ԶħеĳӵسȻֱǸնȥ

ΪҪ𣿡˶ʵ

ǣĶ

ý飬Щӱǣ

ָǵصĳȥħеԽԽ󣬸ոİҶҲоˣһﶼеˣˣȥ

ԽͿʼˣ֪һסҲҪѲƤ

ҶûֻǿǸնеľ󣬻Ϊг·ҶԽԽԽԽ

һڵ磬ЩӴŷһ··ؾͷһȫڡżӲļ׿ǡٵػһ͸ԲĹĵĹӡ

ӵĸͷܴһ߷ɣһ߳Щ·ĳӣԽҲԽ󣬺ܿ죬͵˿նһͷ

Ǹڰ޿ռ䣬΢ĳӣҲһ˿гħıӻԲûܵĳͷħǺܴģ

Ҷڵ˵ˡ

ĸģ˵Ҳо֣ҲޣôǿĶûǣҶʵ

ⷲ䶼֣οе磬Ȼණе鶼֪ڵԭôҲͨ

ǸСڵ㣿

ûͨһͨ㻹û򿪣ԭһΪ򿪣ڿҲȷˡ

⣬ʱ仹أ

˵գ˶ֹҶǹֳѾ˳ˡ͸ħзɣƺܸȤز鿴ʱһϢعϣһӶá

ĳӣʵֻҪħӵмңֳһ㷴ûС

ߣֻûӵĳӰˣôܱȵ֣һԵħ˵ղųħߵĻȷʵ˼

ٺ٣֣Ҫô棬ֻҪ΢һ£նΪ㣬ܱȵǶɹνѵģһӾܵõ˵Ȳȵ֣

ħЦŰǹֳǰֳһڷǼӲޱȣһԹԲĴСۣϵļ⣬ź⣬ǻһЩӵ֭Һ

ħָŹֳ⻬ǣһ˷ܡ

ħߺȻ̧ͷ˵пˣ

˵գԽĴѾͽˣһֱӴͨȫſ˵ϣԼʹ÷ߣ㼱ٴοһࡣ

ħһ㶣Ȼ˵ô˼Ҹˣ

ɫ͵İȻͬʱָŰҶ˵Ҫ㣡

λѾע⵽ҶˣǺ֣Ϊǳߵʲô

ħ߿˿ҶǮᣬȻһ˵ץǸҳԵģ

ģҶ˵ˣˣ֪ǵʵ࣬Ӧöߡ

ңħϸһдԭӣЩӣΪҶһĿȻͬʱЩģղס

ʲô£

ٵٻ󷨣ɢħħ

˻һǮᣬ˶

˵󻰵ģûôģһΪƽƽߣڴħϳԴħ˵Ļ˲֪Ǿ˻ˣȻóʱ䶼û˵



һĽ 



Ҷ룬ħ߻ǸһЦ

Щ˰֪ЦҶ̾һ䣬˵λӦö߰ɣ֪λλ

ϷħСӣĿܴ󣡡ħһЦ⡣

ǿ󣬶Ҫġ

ħ߶ȻסЦ屬ǿħҶѹȥ;һѪ⣬ѹһԵħжȥ

ʲôһ˿ɾûˣ

ħһ㶣æ뵽һѹʵˣ߿ܾͳһ̲ѪˮˣԼ֪˵Ŀģɱǡ

˵ôģʲôĿģ

Ȼ´ģĿҲǲٻ̨ɢĹҶȻ

һԵħЦС˵ʵͨͨߣȻϴ˷ħķҪ뵽Ҳǲܵģ˵ɣʲôͨΪҪû㣿

Ǯʦ㣬ǿҶûлشǶߵǮ˵

ǮаҶߣħҲǺ޾⣬ʼͷŷ

Ϊûߺ䣬ֻܱԪӤеɹתҲʹһħһʱ䡣Χħˣ֯һγһŴʮɵķΧڡ

ߺ˶ûжԽ׳ƵļһΪûߵǴʱֵ۹⿴Ǯᡣ

ΪʲôǮỹʹħΪǻ֣СѾͷ֪֪ʲôȻħǰŪôûõط

ⷨСԨһйؼ汸ķҲǮʩչǿǺʵķǰֵһᡣ

ֻǣҶˣǰ˳ֲ߲ڵķУһ¡ȻһȦȦۿɼ˲㲼

߻ûȻˣȻеһɼǿѹǣҲܵƿֻǣǷԼȻˣ

һħ߶á϶Ϊڲ֪ͬʱáǿֻˡ

Ҷջ֣ԭȲӵþӨ͸һ͸һѷԲʮɵķΧţλ߻ˣܶȻҶǮ⡣

ԼȥͰ𣿡Ҷֻĳ˵

Ȼˣһ۾ܶҶĻ۾ʼٶȻղűħץסʱѾﲻˡ

ҶϵĽƣȻ󳨿Ԩ뿪

һæ͸سǸնȥһͷ˽ȥ

֮ҪȥǰҶĴɱһ϶ҪӰҶڷŶһ²һµԭ򣬷ӻصԭҲܵǸĿ飬ϾѾ˲Ǹض

ӻȥˣûһϢˣҶԳħ˵Լ֣

˵䣬ħϺȻɢһɵɫ壬嶼ʼ·һתۼ䣬Ȼˣ

ȷʵˣһשʯһҲһѵĳӣЩָ̣ȥ򼣬ȴԲĹĵģ

ɫ쵣ЩƷ䣬ֻǻΪ㣬ڿεԨУԨɺķص޿ײ룬ЩʮִҴܣ϶úݽȥؽźĻİΧһĹһĳ˳ȥЩڰлһַŵع⣬ܿ죬һµĳħˡ

ǸħֱӱһߣŬţܿ죬ֻβͻԨУĴӶ˿У͵һգħҲ³ڿС

СӣЩ֪ԸԸΪ£ҿԼ̣ħŹâɭĺ

Ǯһ£Ҷ漴ץס֣һɵĹ⻪쵽ǮϣסħѪѹ

ħûкҷǿŰҶʵСӣʲô˵飿

ҽаҶȷʵҪЩ£ħҲҪҽ첻ǣҽҪĿǲٻ̨

ħҲԼطݣк֣Ϊʲô

Ϊ

Ϊ𣿡

Ϊˣ

Բѣ

ѲѣԱ֪ˡ

ҶϤܱȣݵ沮ҲûϤЩһ뷨ʱԡ

Ҷͷͷð̣ħҲͼ֮ôڣĸ˵쵹ã˵ˣһȥͨͨķˣ

ħߺħ߼ͬʱ֣Ҷǲ֣Ҷ˭ȵ֣˭ʸһš

Ҷǹתħ˲ӿ޴ߣһӲǣǵĹص

д󺧣Ҳо˲סԼħôҲ벻ͨħֻͨħۼܲסǣ

ħͣҶ΢΢𣬰ⷽȻãֻǷΧ󣡡

Զĸ򣬼΢СҶܵħŲƷɳĽṹɳĽṹǺ侫ϸڵҲܿ͸ɳװ˶ٲṹҲֻģһЩģ£Ȼϡɵħǿ͵ӣסλħ

λħֿʼҺܿҪ忪ҶɢȥЩħ˵ɢմ

ôҶʵ

ʲôôħߺȵεرһƣѾŭˣһ˫۾ҵĹ⣬ϸĻкһ䶯Ƶġ

ħҲħҲʹʹģҵĸоɫʰ쵵ͷʼ޷ԶҲŭˡ

Ҷһ֣ԨɢһԽһӻָжڵϣǸղֻǶˣְλڣԲ˵ںȻܶˣæһܣٲǿܾҪ⵽ߵ޲𹥻ˡ

ܣĺǣҲ׷㣡ħߴһؿں˺һһӣȻɳһһ߳Ѫߵĳȣ

ŶҶŷɳĳȣһ£Ȼ־ֻһȵʬ壬ħƳħ



һ ޴ֳ

߳ǳħñħҲǳͷֱóӭУһԵħҲĵĹΪҶΪߣòôݣħ߿ҪץģȻĥŶԡ

һܵħͿռͺˮƵģϵҲʮ泩εţȫŰҶƣҶ

ȵζһҡ壬ҡڣҡڣÿڶһζһȦɢѾԶ˵Խ׳ѹſ˵ϣҶǮվɢŵĹ⡣



Ҷ˲ƿҲͬʧҶٳʱҲͬʱҶ֮ľһҲû䣬ͺҶ˲һ

Ҷٴ˲ƿһƵģô˦Ҳ˦

Ҷ˲ƣ߲֪ĿˣǻǲףΪʲôһһĿȻ˻ı£

ҶͬţϸҲЩˣȵѾ˵ӦֻɽУ˷䣬ɽϳħƣħϣҲǰġ

֪θ٣ȻðѡϾֻϤ

תҶʧˣȴûʧԭתһᣬҶٴγ֣ٻ̨룬һֱӷ

ҶվûһǮҲûת۾䵽ߣһȦܼ˰Ҷ塣

ҶǮͺӡˮеӰӣһȦȦ֧飬һĹʧĸɸɾȴûͣһͷҽٻ̨С

žҳһӡͿӵıԵȫǵ͵ߣٻ̨ϿյعͿն˻ʱʧˣֻһ̨ӡ



ħûΪ̨ӱҶ¶ʲô飬ֻջ˳ȣȻλƵУؿںԼˡ

̨֡ӾôˣҲ̫СˡħߵϢƽЩֻζ

ħһȻֹЦ˵ٻ̨ҷѾĻƵıô׵رˣҸɴײǽԼˣ

ǺǣײǽʲôǽסײˣǹΪ˿ٻӰɣʲôֱ˵ɲط񡣡

֡ҵĿ㻹ԴǰЩӺǼһ뿪ˣⱱһõطţһЩϼһҲˣʵҶ˱ħѹƣʱǺʱڣΰϼһﶼˣⱱ

ħͲµһ˼ֻû뵽˵شȻɫģѵΪͳô׵£

֡ƺģѵ㲻Щ𣿡

֣ҰͲһҲʡĴѰңҸ˵ȻģħħħһҲ޻أ

ħһԾؿħ𣬰һǰһֱСģôһôâ¶ˣѵΪЩٻĳЩȷʵҪħԿǲЩɡ

ħ˵ͬʱҲڿһԵħߣʱѣϾˣ˵Ҳйͬ㣬ڿһŵӣħʼʱԼˡ



ţҿԸ㿴

ħڿն𣬷ɵգħҲŷǶ泯ǰںɫĺˮһ޼ʣˮİ֪ʲô

ħʼħ䣬һĽƴдƳʱСһɳȥ󣬵˺ʱѾмʮСˣԶø

һӵĽƣһֱƽĺϳ˲Եľ˻ԽԽ󣬺ܿͳ˲ӿֹһᣬˮȻ¡һ޴ɽƵĶˮи

ħ۾ôģħӿǾ޴ؼһǸӣûεıԴԴĴ룬ֻ޴ĸۣһֻǺļ׿ǡ

ӵϰž޴ĺɫƬƬвɫķĩħûеĹʣǳĽ֫ͬĺɫ䶯ĩˣһ̣·Ыӡ

޴ĳӻشˮħַ֣ӵ¶Ĵ֣ˮĸֺ򼣬ͷƤ顣

ħܵؿһħȵ˵ҿٻ̨֮ͱĳƵģ㿴İ߰ʮҲֻܿͬҪ÷Ǿҧϻ㣬ʲôã

ħ𾪣ħԭȻ˵ٻֻ̨ǽڽɵģӣûǧʱƳɹӣһ˾ͿɨħΪλҪңΪôã

Σ֣ɨͳһħûģħϵŨֱС˻

ߣ

ڳħħʱһߴǶУǳһԭȱɱ˾Ȼֳˣ

ҶǮȻվԭλϣǽյģǸƽ̨ĿնȻ߷裬žϡ

ûħҲ۾ղǸо˵Ϣȫʧˡ

㻹㣬ƽ̨Լ˻Ҳˣ

ŰҶħҪˣȵԣ

ҶһЦ˵ˣѾԼˣ

˵ţǮỺ䵽ƽ̨棬һĨԭվĵطҲǸӵ浴ʱеĵʤˡ

žһƽ̨ʯͷ˷ĩ

žһʯͷ

顱һʯͷը֧顣



ħ㶵ؿԼƵƽ̨֪ƽ̨Ժܴ󣬼ֻʣһʯͷҲԼܵħ޸ʱĲ޸ȫĻƻ

ȥ϶һʯ۶ʣ£



ħеĽƽ̨ϣܿƽ̨ͱصĽưǣƽ̨ϵĵȻأըըñıһҲ飬һĹ򣬶֮һƽ̨㻯˷ĩ



ħķˣ˲Ҷߣϳ֣ϴźɫķĩѰҶǮΧġ

ħħҲڵһʱΧ˰ҶѾ֪ҶΣգȳħΣգҪˣȻ֪ᷢʲô

Ҷֻǵؿǣ˵˵ˣ첻ǣˣħȥңҪɢ

ʦ㣬ߣ

ħĹˣǹҶԶһӱһ׵ĴӣҶǮѾˡ



һ ȥǵ

ǸѰҵ˵ģһڷǺѺĶģȵʬ屾Ѿ˷ƣԲŻЧ

Ҷ֪˵ı£ȻڳȹʱһߣϵϢԭأֻǹµϢûйı塣

ҶǮһԣõǰط˺һںһ𣬼һʱҲûע⵽

ҶڶܹʱѾٻƽ̨ˣƽ̨ɲǺѣֻǺмŷǷĶԲܽͨһ磬Ӷٻӡ

͸ˣƻȻף㲻ģҶҲڰʩչ˽ٻ̨С

ԭҶģ˵̸ͼ

ӴĹֳ棬ҶҲˣһЩ죬ûڵ˵ӵϰħǳ棬°ǰޣǺޣЩɽĶ

ҶѾˣɽʱЩĵ伮أֻǴʱƴһЩȡ

ǳȣٻƽ̨Щɽĳޣħкܶܰ

Ҷ̾һﲢ⣬⼸ﶼʬ塣ԳħΪҲֻǰƴһĻŵļһҶŻܣϾЩһɽҲǺǵġ

֮󣬰Ҷˣڳħ»ٵٻƽ̨Ȼö֮شǮ뿪

߿ҶǮӰӻ˻ξûˣ֪ٴץգħͷ˿ǻڱƽ̨϶šıˣ¶ӵĴ֣ϷɷһԵħ߶еľ

֣Ҫһȥħָ˵ħҲǲ֪ҶԭȻᣬʱȴʮء

ħߵϲϵըѣ¶ڲûѪ⣬ֻ䶯ĳӣ˸еֲġ

áħ߲ŻعѿĵطԶϡ֣۸һɱǳǵϳ

Ȼֻһֱǹ¼ҹˣ²࣬հ׵ĺҪҪٶЩ֣

ң϶ңһȥħСӣ

ħд㣬ħߣħԼľ޳档ȰħɵᵽħɽȻ󿴿ħСӵ˼˳Ҳɵ֮ڿߵ˰鷿о޳ڣ˭ܷ

Լͳһ¶Ц⡣ŷͲ̣һԵħ˸ҲЦЦȻҲףֻû˵ˡ

ҶǮڿУҶ˵ʦ㣬Ȳȥ

ȥʦֻܾҪõҾˣǮν˵ԴӶľҲ˺ܴı仯αҶһ𵽱֮ǰѾ˱ľģֻڿˣΪʦ̫ǿˡ

õϣõϣҶǺЦ

ڴȥһط֮ǰҵǵأ˳ħô಻ʬ壬бҪȥ￴ϾҲǺԶ

ʦ㣬ץң

ִգҶ˳ҶķȥǺרĵðմӡгٴҲһʱʱ֣ʱǧ

Ҷ˲һ죬н֪ʮͣ

ûôƣˣӦÿ쵽˰ɣ

ƺûк죬ջǻɵģܻҰ޹⣬Եû

ʦܣϢһ°ɡǮ˵



Ҷ·ȥ˵ħͷȥ

ҶǮϴһƣͼһ㱡ħɢͺҲħһͬʱҶҲħ

·һɽȣܶǸʵɽħɽɽҲǣȥȫʯͷ

ڹУȻһʯ·Եúܸɾƺ߶

ߣ

ҶǮǰߣһһ߻ָ

õطĺأϳҵ󣡡԰Ҷ佱

ҶֻЦЦû˵ʲôҪץָһʹðƣϤּ״̬ܿͼʼɻָʱͲˡ

˸һᣬ㿴Ϊħ˴ҴҳǰȥӺżƵġ

ʦܣ㿴ôżôȥǮʵ

ҶҲ֣вûзʲôղȷʵܸе˵ļУ·һӦܷɣôܵģ

ǰɨȥڰ֮⣬мǰţƺҲڸ·

ǵķӦǵأѵʲô״

Ҷûи·Ǯһн˰βнٶʱûȫָһĺܴ



һȴӺ洫Ȼ͸е桰¡¡죬ҶһȺģħǰϣ·ħһӱ࣬ȺȥˣЩۡ

׵ذħ˲ȳħ޲

ҶǮһӷӿȺȥֻЩȺչȥһͣ

һӿ񱼵Ⱥһͣ͵Ƴǰӿȥܵɳʯ

ҶǮڰпͣȺ֪Ҫʲô

һߴ׳ĺӹЦīɫǺɫһͷɢҵͷϵ׺á

ֵǣûСһﶼҪȥһǿǧˣ

𡭡

һȺħͷͬʱǴֹЦߣ

Ȼ󣬷ɳʯת۱ʧ·ľͷ

Щħħͷ֣úõΪɣЩħޣܵĿ죬ҲûзɵĿ찡

ҶǮụ࿴˿ԣҶһħͷӺۿҪˡ

ҶִһƣЩƶħʩչģ˿ߵĺۼ

ϡħһͷУһֻײ֩ʼѡ

˭˭ӣһӦýħͷˣźһģȥЩ㣬ϵǰɫģһֻɫá

ҶǮӰ£ħͷʵСһ˭ģ

ΪʲôţҪţҶͷʡ

ħͷŰҶǮᣬȻЦȻСһӦǵһγŰɣǸ˭ģ

Ҷ˵ħߣ

ħͷһ㶣Ȼ¶ɻ飬һ°ͣ૵ħߣħɽ𣿡

Ҷʣȥ

ֻǳ䣬Ǳܣ͸һֱΪʲô÷ɵȴҪܵģ

ٺ٣СһѾǵصıԵˣ֪Ϊʲôǵ𣿡Ҷҡҡͷȷʵ֪



һ߽ Ǻ

ͷҶƺĲ֪ʵ֪

Ҷ˿ǮᣬǮգգۣҡҡͷҶҲҡҡͷ

˼Ȼ֪Ҿ͸㣡ħͷЦúܻ

ҶϿǵأҲһںȳħںҪСһЩǵؾںıϣǵص״ǸΣͷľмһڲ೯ضǰɳ

￴ȥһ޼ʣɸɾʵϣɳӵȴȫǹͷȻħ򣬵ɳӵصĹͷȴǧٹ֣ħħ˵ģߵģֵģк޵ġ

ԭħͷ˵Ķޡ

ڱȶĶ죬ǲ֣ǣֻҰ޴һЩʵǿ˳õ£ЩҰҲܲǵģĴڼϡ١

֪ʲôʱʼһЩͨȻĺεħںʱһЩʬǣǰʬǷɳ̲ϣħħͷǱ˳ԵȻҲбԵʱ

޴ʬǲѰʬǣǴӶģʬҪôŷҪô鵤ΪȥĴ඼ǿߣЩʬǵܴ

޲ϴʬħˣùԼʳħΪʬϵķɱޡģɳ̲γµص򡪡ǵء

ǵغΣգɳ̲жɳߺޣǰɳ̲ϵĹͷɳеģɳ̲ϣɳ߹֮ء

ڿˮĸֺͨ͸Ĵڣֺ޲ɳ̲ϡڸε˭ڿײǣ϶ͷʣ£ҲΪʲôǵظܷжܵģȻеĸֲˮĸⶫ鷳ڵš

һ˲ֻܷܵԭ򡣱ǵصϢħ⣬̫ϢϢ֮УڿСᱻϢ˺÷顣

ҲϢСܰǵڲӦΣ˷ϢоȻ֮Ȼֶγǵпھǧλϣм¡ɳɳ𶥶˷һƬϼ˸ĶȻ﷢֮

ֻɱϷں޺ħ˵ϤˣϢһкܶħͷܷ֮Ķ϶ǺöֻҪõ϶ܳΪǿķ㲻Ҳ˽ԼҪض



ôûУħͷҶǮʵ

Ҷ˵ͷħͷЦ˵Ȼˣǳƽ˰ɣͦܵģ

Ҷɫشһƣ˵Ѿ˰

ˣħͷһȻû˽æ˵áڣˣ

ħͷת۱˸ûӰǮ˵ʦܣۻҪҪȥ

Ҷţɱ¾֣ԲŻӰҪƽϢףҪȥ

Ҷͷ˵ȥʦģΣյء

Ǻǣûãۼߣ

˼ǰߣʱܿһЩ˴Ӻ漴ʧ·ľͷ˰ʱ䣬ҶǮߵǵصıϡ

Զʱ򣬰Ҷ㿴һӣǵغתģڷⶼˣв˽ӳķߣҪǵصġ

ߵҶѾָزˣҶ־һ˲ƣǮ¶ƣ֮ɫ˵ʦ㣬Ϣһ£Ȼٽȥ

˵ձǮתӣ񷲼ľ¥ջһӳ֣ûдܵġ

ҶȻóⶫħҲ

ĺܸ˵ҶǮᰲ侲

úõİ󷨣۶ħ޵кô

Ǯ뾲ϢҶҲھУ۲ܣտʼ۲˵ĶԻ

ιղСõӦǷ

ûۻɣ

ȻûУҿĺûǹµüЦ𣿡

ղҲˣȻӺܺÿΪȴôôз

Ͳ֪ˣǿ϶һЩйϵΪģΣ϶÷ĵģǷǴֱӸء

Ŷô죿𣿡

ȻҪǵأħҵĵط֮һ˸Ҳ˭ɱģֻҪСĴЩˡ

ʲôʱ֣

ǿ϶Ҳ̰ͼЩɱģǾ͵ǽǵʱ֣Ǿ˶ĺܣ϶Ҳ˽ȥ۸žǣ





ҶҡҡͷƲ¶û뵽ͱ˶ˣ

ЩǿҶ߳Զȥ򲻹ܿеĶЩɳӡʯͷеĶҲܿܿ죬Ϳɳ顢һĴССɳߡ

ɳɫǲҰɫģɳһͷһӣ溬ž綾һҲǰɫģְɫȴ͸ź⡣

СС߾һεɳеͷм䣬ǰҶҲͷƤ顣

ߴɳƿҶֿ˿еˮĸЩۻǿģǱûʲôΪҲѸоһֻ˻߾˲ܸоڰҶ˵ǻǺԵġ

ˮĸ״һˮĸ࣬Ҫܶ࣬ҲҪǿܶ࣬ڿУִһҲǺܶ࣬һоǡ

⣬Ҷ֣˳ǵߣֱԼܲķΧҲû⵽ɳȻεţƺ֪˾Ƶġ

ҶܿΪʲôˣɰ̾ЩɳҲЩСȻ֪룬ȻΧߣҲʡˡ

Ҷܶ鿴һ飬ʶרķһ£ٴ۾ʱѾʱ֮ˡ



ҶǮ߳ȥǵرԵϸɳʯǸϸİɳǰһ޼ʶǰɳҪˮأ͸ɳĮһˡ

̤˰ɳǮ˵ʦܣȻкϢǺȶ

кأϢңʦ㲻򲻵ѻǲҪյĺã

֪ʦܣǸħͷã֣ΪʲôЩħͷһһɵؽȥȥ

ħͷȥǾͲħͷˣһϤǰҶ˵ħͷ

㲻ǼŸ·ôǮʵ

Ҹ·˵ģѾˣżҲûãֻԼ

ﲻ𣿡

㿴𣿡



Ѿͷ˼ǳأҲǵأħͷʵ

Ѿ뿪ˣҶش

ŶȻˣһȥΣΣգҲ໥ӦӦ

㲻ϺȣҶ

ٺ٣££һЩµģ

ħͷЦأһȥЩħͷˣҶҲ֪һʲô⣬ҲںЩɳ߻ˮĸӦиЩ޲⡣



һ߰˽ ɳΧ

ҶǮ͸ʶһ߽ǵء

ȷʵܲħͷϲЦĬһ·϶ǮῩֱЦҶʱҲݸһȤ

ͨ˵֪һɢħûκһߣԼڵɢޣڱЩģɲʱܱĴ̵ЩʵһЩҲãЩϼһﶼûйΪ

⣬ҶҲ֪һħ޵ˣЩ˵ӽа½Ҳһɢħǽõģ˵һǼһԼ˽ˡ

ǲֵļһҵҿ϶棬Ұҧгݡ

ӴôǸ³ļһʶģǰ½֮ǰҶǿģǮ֪Ǹ³ļһ

ǰˣʱڶϻɽȴһ󡮰ϰϡʵܲˣҾͳȥ⣬ͷӣѬ죬ұȵ˭ôӣ

Ǽһﲻ˵ֻǡϰϡС˵㣬ҶһԱ߷һҹݺ

ҹݺ֪ɡضʱ֣ζʮָˬڣȴһȱ㣬ǳ˻һӣ

㲻֪ǸʱǴͷжǱ룬īɫƤ£һ͸ˣ

һΪ߳ħͷȻӣǮֿЦǾʶˣ

ԣôʶˣԵ̫ࡣչü죬ȻһΪȴΪ̰̱˺ü죡

ǮᶼЦţҶҲǿǣаҲ̫ˣһҲħħͷҪܿ͸ѪȵħҶΪһαװġ

˰ٶľ룬Ҷͣ˵дˣ

ЦûϵǼСһﲻ£Ǽ

ǰҪҶظڰҶǺ档ûʲôƺҲ֪ʵ

һжʮˣΪǺܸߣն㷨ҲǶɹһνѵΪҶһҲɸ㶨

ʵҶ֪˸šǶû˵ЩˣҶ˵ģ˵ҪҶҲˣ˼ǰߡ



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ҪУΪȻߡϿ϶зȻôҽǵأ

磬һóǿķô죿

Ѳī֭õϣɳ߽ǣ

ī֭ħĥɵ֭Һɳߺϲ֭ҺϢ֭Һʱɳߵע

磬Ǿǰ棬ȥɣ

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ЩСħͷӶѿģҲͬڣɢħŰҶˡ

СӣϵķȻҰī֭õϣ

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ͷħͷͷȻ󳯰ҶеûϵúվţԼѣ

˵ţһȺ˾سҶΧ

ʦܣҪҪ֣Ǯʵ

ҲŰҶ˵ȫɱˣ

Ҷ˵Ȼ

ǮỹûʲôͱҶһ˲˳ȥ뿪һʱ䣬ԭվĵطͺ羮һһƬɫӿ˳

Ǽֺܴܴɳߣԭںĵ£ɳߣҲӦҶȴ⼸һԼٶȳӿæ˲Ƴȥ

Ҷ˲뿪ˣǼҪٵļһɲˣǶߵĸһǽµɳ䶯תۼ䣬ǽµɳӾûˣȫ䶯İɫӰذɫԵ÷ҫۡ



ɳһӱѣħͷ˺ѷεؽΪҪ߸ˣ˺һǻվ䶯ϣЩ߸ûǡ

ܰͷħͷۿȥ۵ľȻȫߡԣһɳأ

ܣͷħͷֽһ˳ǽʣһɳرȥ

ǿɳˣǰҶǣħͷҲ˲ʲôæҶǼһ

ɳվˣħͷ봭ȴط֣պܲԾȸղԼվĵطΣգ

ܵɳضʧˣ䶯ɳߣ׻Ľ֯һ𣬴վмʮɣСֻаƳЩĶΧʣһɳϣһԶԱ۾

󡭡磬ƺܡܴطˣ

һСħͷҲյأղЩûнǣΪߵĿˣڿɺã˽ʱܳȥ϶⵽ġ

˻˻޴ɳ߶ͬɫͷڶеˮĸ棬ǲҪ

ٵħͷǵص֪һЩǵһοЩɳ߰ΧôãȻûнҲɳˣеˮĸҲۼΪɳƵƵسշ档

Ҳ°ͿܸΧǽɳߴƺ˼ʲô˰ΣҶʵֵܣǲʲôŵرЩоļһ쵽ˣ

Щ޶ڷ֮һ㶼ںŵرȴϲĺܣЩܴٽΪǷչĺöıҪõЩ

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ʦ㣬Ҫ㲻ǳҸĶӦǾ쵽ˣԲŰǰΧס룬ЩһǺܸߵġ

ͷ˵Щһ㶼ǵµʱҲرģЩһɲðˣ

ҶѰǸߵģɳߺֹǧ򣬶Ĵεжϡ

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Ǯ߶ܣʻŭ죬˵

ͷħͷ͵Ĵһ£Ҳ֪ǱǮŵĻǱܵŵãȷʵ˵ֵǺúΧһоãӦа취ȥȻӦô򶨡



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߶ų˺ܳʱ䣬һȺħͷ֪ɳ߾ԣǲ֪̽˶ٿˮ

ħͷ֪ĶŻҪʲôʱʱҶ˵ˣҪ𣿡

ҶżžӨķ

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ħͷٴʿˮ÷Ź۾ŰҶеĶ

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ĿˮһЩƺҲЩˡ

Ҷ֪ߵħͷ뷨ŷǶΧɳ˵ģ֪Щɳһǻ۵ģǻ۵ɳ߿϶Ǿ쵽ǮڵɹԲŰΧߣΪǻ۵ûаա

Ҷķһܵɳ߹Ȼˡ˻˻Ҳ쵽ӵĺôһЩ꣬ǡܿǾͰȻл͸Ҫ飬ȴûҶ



ΪڲɱҶҵֻǻ۵ģܿססһֻǻ۵ģҲͿôûǻ۵ģһҲƽҡ

ڿֻǻ۵ز㼸ŷܾǮڵĶȷҪõĶࡣ

Ӵ磬㳢ʣҶһŷУӹ˵ͷŽ۾ϣһܵӡ

ʦ㣬㣡

ǮǰԹʱҲŽС

һ󡰹ˡܵħͷ˳Է벻̲סζ治ܡ

ҶЩħͷʵԣ

ħͷͷͷħͷҲһ£Ҳŵͷ

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һ˵һÿŷ

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ҪǳңΪ𣡡

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һħͷ࿴˿Ϊûʲô˲ġҪҶ

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漴ֿ˰Ҷеӣƣϼһ˫۾ȻһӶ㱬˳

СħͷҲر֣ܵɳҲٴνǲǡ˻˻죬ȿֺŤҪҶ

ЩϲȴǷȻɽ壬˵ȷ

ħͷһʧǵӣҶȻԼĵطƺǱħħͷ˵еô׺ݣڣп̰С˵һħͷĬȤ룬ǰз׿Խ㣬ص沮ȡ

Ҳǵ常̵ġûۼĶñɡɡ

ҶУЩħͷתܵɳߣֻƽȥһŰ׹ɵĹӣȻԼת۾͵˰Уײһˮĸϣڿһ

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رִļһǳ˰գҪǹ

Ҷ˿⼸͵Ĵߣûзǵı֡

еˮĸȻҲоµعӵ죬붼ҪѹǵĶ̫ˡһѾײһĲɢ

ŤͷҪȥԹʱǹԼˣһߵĹΧڵ𴦣ЩߺۼӷˣǼͬʱתͷԲ쳣ض׷ȥ

ҶŹӵķУͬʱҲעɳߵĶҪǸߵļһﵽײ

ڷɣɳ趯ܱߺڱһŹ˲ӿˡ



һħͷעѾӰҶƿˣĿɿڴؿһȺСС׷ǿŹӣҲܸоǹӵĺãҪôߣҲȥ׷ˡ

ס

ҶԼĿ꣬ĿȴԼϡǵļһȻһһҵСߣ

ССûʲôֻǣС̫ˣܵС߶ζţֻʱͣ˻˻һһߵĶı䣬ʰΧ״̬׷״̬ضԸǹӡ

ңСߵһĨĲɫҶҵ͸壬С߹ȻͬڶһħĶ

ҵһ֪ҶѰһ飬ֻôһСһеؽƱ˳ȥȻɳߣƺĺƵģЩСķ϶Уܿ͵Сǰ˲С֡

Сֵ߱ͬʱܵɳߺʱ䶨˸񣬺ȻһҲˣֻƬ̣ԭȻɳһǲн˵Χӣȿֺ㼷Ҹϵسҧȥ

Ҷǽһ𶯣ɳӺҪȥһֱĬóһһӰɳӺܿûˣ¶ߵ

ҶЦЦֳŹӣǰȫһܹɹڿзܿ죬ЩСС߶׼һȿֺӵţҶЩĸȥתۣܵ߾˸ɸɾеˮĸҲɢ׷ȥˡ

ķһƯʯˣＸʮɵɳӣԭȵɳصĸ߶ȶߵģ߶ˣģֲѡ

ССɳ˸⣬ǸҶС߻ڣƮһ

СҶаɵľ룬ϸͷС˶ûзҶŽƣСط˹

ʦܣСץģǮһˡ

һԵĬĬŰҶǲʱس鶯

ǺܸߵߣղЩɳ߶Ƶģ

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ҶͷСѾˣץ˹СϱţˣֻͷҶš

ҶһֻһֻһΣϺ«ˣҶѺ«ϵĽȥ«ϵʱɢ«ҲһɹǺܸ߼Ķɢ֮ŨǿûйԣﶼЧʱܵħͷǺС߶һؿ«

һԵŵôģ۾Ҳôģ«

ΪҸôҶС˵֪С

ȻҶ˵꣬Сߵ۾һ¡ƺ˼ǮҲ쵽ˣؿСߡ

ҶϺ«򿪺«죬ɾƴɳŨ;һ˲ɨħͷСߵǣǱôءҲһʧģ

ħ࣬ЩСħͷΪǵķЩħ㲻϶ķҲʯͷһԣȻŵɾζвʧص

ôһҶСʵ

СûԥæͷСԴӻθͣǮῴĿֱЦǳԹ˷ȹɾƣȻ򶨵ĺܡ

ҶǷɳɾƣֳεСߡȻ⿪ϵĽƣСſ죬ֱӰѾˮ̽˶һĨҰ׵ϵʱһС߾Ȼ˷ۺɫ

СóϷزڰҶˣһ߳

С磬ͷһСһɷɫֿɰ

ҶľƷֿһŷɵߡ붼룬ҧСַɵЩħͷǰһ˵õһΣҲȿֺȥ

ȻȻеˮߵӣͣһ˫ְڰҶϣʵ˵ֵܣҿɴûԹôõĶ

⻰ðҶһڵҲһ£ɻ˵Сħˣ

Ҷ֪ٴ۲һǸħͷ

СħͷһɾƣûΪֱ飬ǻҪһھˮ٣ûйԣԺܿϣƷ֮ǰĶ̲ס

󡭡ˣԺ۾͸ˣͷħͷ֣صسҶһħǿΪѾ֪ҶʵǿҲãĴ𲻸ţǸɴɱˡ

ҶǵͷȻС˵ҽжʮͷɳ߹

СߵͷȻһ򷢳ˡ˻˻ҶܿСߵзһǿĲԶȥͬʱҶҲڿЩɹ߷ɡ

ʱ䣬ɹԼٶȷֱӱҶյһЩǿɳҲ˹ûСߵĸţЩߵȫչ˳нһɴ֣ɳζѸޱȡ

ҶǶʮħͷ˵ҽһ޾һһɳߣ

޾ħͷһ㶣ħ򲻹ŵرȱĹҲٵĿħͷֻҪθںöЩħǿУȻټħû޳ġ

Ҷ޾Ȼ̫׾ЧãҲ˵һһɳߣļһѾʼʿˮˡ

СߵǺܸߣϵسЩɳ߷ܿ죬ЩҳһѵɳһЩСֱǱȥɳָԭȵɳظ߶ȣ߿ʱǱȥǰɳ𣬺ܿ죬ĴӾûˣָԭɳأֻжʮ޴ɳߣƽɳϣСߵʹ

˻˻С߲ڰҶĸ첲ϣƺֺá

֮ǰСֶ࣬˸Сס

ҶȻóʮƬƬǶʮħͷʮħͷû޾ѾʯˣЩʯǶƷ񣬶˵Ǳ

ܼ򵥣ʱȻҾɳ߰ǳˣ

һħͷ͵һ£æ鿴ƬҶ˵ԼߵǸͷħͷʣʲô֣

ˣСɣ

ףֲǮᾪȵ˵

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Ҷͷ˵ߣϺ

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ҶһԻʵ룬֣̾˵Ӵ磬ˣ߰ɣ

Ǯһؿ룬һۣǮһŬߡһ㳯ǰߣæϡ



磬ǰߵѾɳ߰ΧˣֱȥĿ·

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Լһ·Щɳĵطܣ׷ȥҪ

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½ԼͷȵˣĿһɳǰЩһǵ£

𡭡

һħͷħޣʼת򣬳һܣħŨŨɷɳһãȴֹɳߵĽⱾǻɱϷ

ǰϢСһħͷ

Ҫͣ½Ҳеħ޳ǰһξ룬ħӿܿһѺɫĴͷ

ơ

½һħ˳ȥͬһ磬Ϣоȥʱǰɳһ涶һӰɳдڳʱһɫǽǰ档



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ͷǿͻȻֵĴƬɳ߲ûлţзӲī֭תһɳߵעһЩʼת򣬳һܡ

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Ӳī֭½е

ī֭ɳߵӰ컹ǺܴģƵĲī֭ζŨأһȥζٵɢһӾһӵɳߡ

вī֭ǵעԭǽһ˿϶½׵壬һͷ˽ȥ

ħ޵ԾǿٶҲ죬½һߵķ϶дξͺ֮ǰҶɹ׷һʱû˭ָǣȫƾԼĸоʳԵúң½Ҳǰ

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ʵħ޵ı£ħȺӵħޣ˵ģữħͬϣٰºŵħҲˡⲢӰǿһٱħŵֻͬϡ

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Ű½ǵĲ룬ܵɳߵĽԽԽңѾй˻ħͬϣҲǷɱɳǿɾҪظˡ

ȻһɫӰӴӿ½ƿһɳߵĹϿȥͷһݣеСͷϣ

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ԽǰɳߵԽˣͷȴԽԽ󣬶ҳɳߣĺҲԽԽ࣬˸ղǷϵģͬɳһɳģĴģЩһ⣬ǸͷܴСҲʮɳ

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磬ǱߣһħͷеħͷǱ߿ȥȻɵĿУһĨĨϼ⣬϶ħľ

ߣ

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Ѷ

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磬ǲǵļһˣ

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죬ڲ̰ģҪ

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ܵĺ࣬þĵģϻһǶҶˡ

ϻ˸Ű½ˣ͵͵ĺ͵͵ĺ£ܵĺ޶ˣУͷСĶ˵ΧĽΧ£

ָӡǵһӱˣǿѹȸð½ǽ˼½Ҳսеĸͷۿ



ϻ׼ʱһ˻˻˹Χ£ɳ߶ʱһɧҡϻ˼ǲŰ

ԶɳһһǱȥԭȵɳ³֣˴Զ

磬ǲӴ𣿡һħͷȻе



½ͷ˵СôҲˣҲ˦𣿡

磬㿴ôһҲܵɳߡЩɳҲ·

֪СԱߵʲôˣΪô;͸ҽ

½ɻؿţһħͷæ˵ǲ·Сһ𣿡

½Ҳͬʱֲô죬ʱֿаСһܲ򵥰ԭȾȻˣ



Ҷ˵ٶȺܿ죬ûɳߵӣϵˮĸҲΪ壬ʱǾͿԶɳ߹İ½һ˵Ӱ

Ҷǵģȴסˣӣ˵ٳ֣

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ϻԴҲħĶС׵Ҫ࣬ҲǺܸߵغޡ

Ǻ޵ͬʱҶҲɳϵɱֻһЩɱƬʿ´ɽ·䣬һɼ׶ûˣҲΪĳԵ׹䷲䣬ɽҲƬЩ޵Щħͷ

ЩɱƬ棬ֻǺˣҶЩ

Ҷǣֻ֣ϻ⣬ԶȻмֻиǵĺޣڰһɳ𸽽һֻƵĺޣԴҲħĴڣ۾Ҳܿϻ۵񣬻иԶһֻ꣬Դħ

˵ϵģҲУڲԶͷϣˮĸоһֻħģ

˵иǵĺ޳ôһӳôࣿ

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ҶȻС׵Ļȴоʲô˼

ˣЩǵĺ޸ӦҪ˵ĸоѹֵܣǱĴɱԼתע

ϻҪָ޽йҶС߳ǰһʱ䣬ܿصɳ߱СָȨҶÿ·

ԭ뿴һôأ뿴Զڽźɻ״̬еİ½һ̾Ϣ

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ܸʴһеħħޡ

ҶеС׺ϻЩ˷ܣС߻ζӣϵط˻˻ֻϻҲͣŲŲӣһ˫۾Ƭնȥ

ܿ죬ֻꡢꡢˮĸΧ˹ƺͬ˷ܡ



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ħĺܿ죬ŴȳĻɫϢʱƬطͱɫĶ֡

ףҶȻ֣ħʵҲƵħСڵ΢һЩ

⼸޻᲻ǳħģҶȻôһ뷨

ʱڵ˵ˣӦʶᾧǰȷҾӦǣ

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ҶΪȻɽϣǰ׼Ҿɱɽ֣ɻǰ׼УһЩʶᾧƬ뷲Ҳǿġ

ڰҶ˵ͬʱֻħѾӵŨŨĻɫɳߡˮĸǱغޡԶԶ˿ֻʣ°ҶǺǼֻǵĺޡ

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롢½ǼħͷҲ޵ؽ䱸ǵ۾ĴšУо˳ءѹֺͲ֪ؿֲֻǣǻ֪Ϊʲôĸо

Ҷħĵطɨȥħһ·϶ģףҶҲ֪ͷԿ϶ԥħʳϢҲˡ

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Щеʶᾧԭ˵ļ䣬ʹõӦԭ˻Ľƹ˵

ҶѾ뵽һ㣬Ҳó˼ɹɹ־裬ص̺ḻ֮

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Ҷֱӷħԭλá϶ȥ



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ϧǲ֪ħЩʬǴģ

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ҶԼûģģòþʯֻǿóôһ޴󷨣󷨿ȥƺϢҲˣʵϣһ㹥ûУֻ춯



Ҷ󣬼ٷϵºϿգȻ˦һƣ޴У󷨿ʼתԲķΧâ˸նħɨһգõģҲۡ

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˳ΪϼһȷʵǸ˵ģձ׷ҲΧֻһ˫۾ŹΣ֪һͷӡ

ͷһɫۣһȣڵºңȶϢİҶͷӵһʱͷ˸ڰҶϵһĨ޵ϢⲢ˵ͷӸо񣬶Ϣ̫ˡ˼Ķ֣ôҲԵء

Сǻ쵰İ֣ղŵֶӦɽˣѵҪûʬ壿

ͷӻشˮҶҲͷӽоΧ۾˻࿴šԽԽ

˭ͷˮ棬ſʵܺ

˵һ˵ʬ壬뿴

СǺڹʲôôȻܰɽ

Լأ

ߣ붼룬ȻΪЩ֣Ҿ㡣㻹ǿЩ뿪ɣ

ͷɫҶȴһЦ˵ǺڹȷʵԸ㣬Ҳ֮飬Ҫֻƽңʬ屾һģʬǰôǿôţڴ˵νѩϼ˪

ͷȻ֪ңȻ֪Ρ

ͷ˿ҶȻ󻺻½˫ŲˮУһƴ˷˺һᣬͷüͷ壬طǰȶӰ첻ʲôȴˡСӣΪʲô

ҶɰѶ齲һ飬ͬʱҲʾɽеһҪ˷ѹһ

ͷļʶȻܹ㣬üͷĸˣʱҶǸŵĲȻǿתۣһƬļһͳˡ

ϼһñ壬ٽ˭ӣһȵ

ΪĲҶ𣿡ͷ˵

Ҷǰ֪֮飬ڿͷ˵ʬѹ˺һ˲ҪѹͷֻҪͷһʬ壬ҪƽİҶȻԹۣ֣϶ܴϼһ

Ȼ˽е㶯ʬظ޴ֻҪһҪ죡

ͱ˵ƣͷҲͷ죬ȥɽ磡

УͬڷҲͬһħԳõشһطȥȥɽ⡣

Ҷ

ִо˺ҪֶˣҶûǣҶҪԵĽʬ壬ֻҪʬ壬ȻƽϢ֮ĶԹԼ

ǷظӦеˣҲܣﲼһ󣬰סźõʬӰ죡Ҷ⡣ҶҲִ

ͷȻһУʼҪʬ壬䱸ӣЦϼһӦ֪֪Σ飬Ҫܵ췣ģ

ߣòѣĴҲӰ㶼췣ΪҪ£

ԣܵϢԽԽҡһԵİҶֻڳ˷Žơ

˺ͷһֱעŰҶְҶĽڰסԵӰ죬жеף֪ڼΣյ飬ҲᱻƵһЩԼӰ첻ҲԵЩ޼ɵ

˵ʬ岻֪ͷģֻϷųܱһƬȻġһ߸ʬˣ

Ҷ㶵ؿ⴫˵еʬ壬ΪȻʬΪҪһǰʬ壬ȴûһ˿ƵغۼңʬʽҲ

һ²ˣҲһǼѪȶܿɢʬ壬ȴ뷲䷲˵ĸʬһƤͰ͵ڹǼϣûɢҶڣܿƤµ࣡

ʬǸˣȫ㣬һ֡ܵĿռ䶼˵⣬ҶʩչĽ㱻˺ơ

һʬƣǰҪߵʲô̶ȣ

Ҷи̾ʬԴȱһ󲿷֣뵽ЩʶᾧСǵǶǿ˻õİɡ

⣬Ҫ˵һµǣ˵ĸͷܴɣͷһֵֻʬϣ˵ҲȻ䡣

ڹ㣬ҲҲܴù㣬ҪһѵԺң

˺ٺЦţ񲨹еӰӣϵضЦԿСӵĽƿɽסڣʱ췣ɾҪˣ

ͷüͷһ壬Ӵȥ

˵գҪʹʬ壬Ѿһǰ棬һֻɫȭͷ˵ʬϣɢܵĿռҲһ

ҶǰõĵҵؽҲһɢˣðҶò̾˵ʵ

ҶĿֻƽϢңûɢֻҪǲܾûʲô⣬ڣֻҪʬˡ

ҶҪʱȻ֣ɳȻ˳

һƬɫĻҳӰҶɢƮƮʬȥŵļңǺˣһƬҳ봵ȴ֣ǻҳֱƿԼķ谭سǰɡ

˺Ȼ֪ҳʲô⣬æͷҪٽȴеһͼһƬҳеʬ壬ƾô߶ʬһ

˺ͷҶҶҲ֪ɳԼɳҪʲôֻ鿴š

ɳʬ棬ʬ嶼ԵûɵģճƵģ˶ʬصԽԽ٣ʬԭȵֱҲԽԽ٣Ͱ͵ƤȻЩ

䡱һһֱʬϵͷֱ͵ĵˣͷֲסضţһεεѪȻ˳ͷѪǺɫģȴһĨɫ



һĽ ħ

˵ϢҲ֪ͷı£һѪǸղŵһҲԿңܸоһѹʬϴѹܶܣֻܲϵسܡ

˺ͷһۣȻֶҶҶ۾ͬǲɻ

˵ʬԽԽģĻҳɢΧҳķҲԽԽ󣬿ȥͺʬ˻Ƶģֻȫɻҳɵġ

ģʬ忪ʼֽˣ·ҳǻ𣬰ʬջˣʬһ㱻ʴҳܶȺ͹ǿԽԽֱûʬ塣

˺ͷǿȴ͸ҳµľ󣬰Ҷ򣬵۴ȴȫǻҳʬӰӡ

顱һ죬ʬȫˣһƬҳһƬ﷭һȦȫҶӿȥ

ҶûƾԼУʧ

ǽУͣ

ڰҶڣȻ˵Ĺâһ֣ڲƣҶԷɳһģȻ֪ʲôԼкҲͲᣬתǰˡ

㵽˭

ͷͺƺվһߣ䱸ſŰҶ

ˣ

˵ʬ壬һƬʱָࡣҪ׻ָҪܳʱ䣬ЩΪѰļһǣǿԷΪָĻЩ

Ҷˣ˵λæΣ

ʲôƽϢͷʵ

˵ǵĴڱѾӰ쵽ˣﱾңҲŸҹѵҪȥطҴ𣿡

Ҷҡҡͷ˵ֻϣλܸλλΪѾˣҡλòҪһλһԷλ쵽ȹʱʹô˷ԷΪ

ȹʱ

һûɢ

˺ͷһۣƬ̺ȻЦͷ˵С֣ȷʵǸֻα겻α

˵ɢвشԷ⣬ȻٻɻʵΪءػһУ

ⲢѣѾзָֻҪλ˵ˣҪֻΪ޸ʱѣһ¿ʼʱȹ̣λԡ֮

ֻ࿴һۡͷ˵ȻģǱ֧㣬ֻǣ˵ԷΣǻҪȿ

ҶóƬʯݴȥ˵ѣֻҪһ˵Ϊܰ쵽ԷʱֻѹΪӰǣҪ⣬Ҳʱأڵغܣ

ҶƬӸˣͷͺ˶Ƭ鿴Ȼֶͷͷ˵ȷʵܺãһ˵

ҲͷҲᣡ

Ȼ˻࿴ţ˶ͷ˵ڷǳʱڣǵ黹Ҹ£ȵ˺֮ʱһϸ°ɣ

ͷЦȻʬûˣʱɲҪڰҶˣ

ߣһֿҶ磬ǲĴڣǶеĺѾ˼ʮˣҪҪϵǣҲԷ

ã

޲֣ôõҲһжߵǣ֪᲻

Ǻãǣ˵廯һϸߣһֱӳһȥתûӰ

ͷ뿪Ȼ԰Ҷ˵ԭһУѾ̫Ķ㲻Ӱ𣿡

ҪǾѣǷ쳣ȻԾ⣬ЩطӰ챾Ҳ󣡡

ٺ٣Ϊ֮ҵȹ̱ԷΪ˵գͷµرѩʼڻˮУʧ

һƽϢڵҲԽԽ󣬿ŨŨħҶתʱķȥ

ЩȻĴȻӰ죬һֱҲӦˣֻҪЩͨɢܵõʱˣ˵

Ҷ˵ȷʵˣЩϼһֻҪܾˣ

˵꣬Ҷ㿪ʼ鿴ڵɳһֽ˵ʬ壬ȻΣЩģӵΣǰʬӲͬҶɻɳ

ô

ʱ·Ҷܿͷ˾Ϣɽ档һƬҶһ֣ѾƽϢңħħͷɢ˹ⱱӳʱ㹻ˡصطҷ£ҪľЩħͷˣ

׼򣬰Ҷħħɽȥ



һ磬ɽˮѵСţȸ̵֣˼̻ɽͤеʯϣʯϵĹ١

۾ָˡȸҲˮͣݳҡڣҲζҲƬƬϼ⣬ۼ



һˣ۾һԣѾϢسһˡ

媴ˣ쳣ˣдѯʡ

ǺǣʹΣ

տʼûʲôЧ

Цҽһ԰ӿٶȣ

һ˦ֻ֡оһɲԼУģͳ˻ķصСڵ㣬ɲͣ

壬һ壬ҲѷǣɻģͨڵĽǺеģ

ЦݡӦڵǸ壬֪壬ֱһĨʶֻһĨʶҲܴ𣿻ʡ

ˣƹ¸ǣϢʧһϢҲû£ͺûֹһ

ûĬĬ˵壿˵𣿡

оĲζһ£Ȼƽ֪屻ɻʽˣڳ˰ͨ⣬ʲôҲˣ˵

壬

ʵڣвûҪõ𰸣ǱʶΪ岻˵ǰǶȸ߹˵һ壬嵱˵Ķˡ

壬ҲǱץİɡ

Թ˵ض˵ŻЩʱĺƽǸɻʳԼ⣬ʲôҲûһأ㿿ֽķʽŽеļį



ħЩҡ

ħ߷룬ֻҪЩͷħͷˣħһƬɹ߸ոɶңħĸħȴͷ룬ѵҪѣӵħͷǲòǰȥΣԣֲòȥϾħߵͷţֻȫװŴǰȥ

һǳһµȺħͷ˶ħ޻ߺޣЩǵصؾ޴ɳߣηרЩûɢޣɱ޾ƶħƶɢ˵ǲ˾ܾջȻҲ˲룬еֶΣͷԽԽ󣬿ЩԭȵĴûг棡

һңǺȻǿļһЩǿļһǱҶһ޴󷨾ѵģǱѺ׷׳Ϊ˺ǸͷųѶϢԺܿ󲿷˶ȥˣֻ£ħǵĳЩطңҲеĻң֪ȥܾˣҲȥֻǣƽϢͲôˡ

Ҷڻȥ·ǣǰҶҪµܿȻ󲿷ǳɾɹ޾ģҶЩںֻҪһ㹻ˡ

ħȻʮֻңĿǰûнɢΣ½ڹʮµģֻҪڸЩʱ䣬Щɢҵ˻ܳΪĴڡ

⣬ðҶЦõǣǮǮʦȻΪ䣬ɲߣΪÿϾͷɢʱǮһ׺ݵģЩ˿ǮΪȴܵȴģȻǰΪˣɲ⡱ǰɢ޾ͷˣͬʱҲɾ

ǮԼͷûзУʮָˣЩǰһ߸ɲģһԵҲɷҶֻһᣬȥħɽ



һ µ

ôȥħɽΪħ߸˽˵Ҫ档

Ҵһصħɽ겻ΩɽǰȺ򣬳ħµЩͱ˳ȥָյֻܿһӶӵѲħ

׹ӣڵ㣡



겻ΩŰҶɽȻö˺ڵĵط֮ǰ˼ƽ̨˫ƺ沮ڡ

Ҷ˫æӭ˵ʦܣɻˣ

ʦ㣬ʲô°Ҷ˫ȻЦţȥһɫǲġ

֪ˣ˫ŰҶߵһ½ƽ̨ǰ

㣡ҶǰŮ˽е

Ҳ΢Ц˵ӣµݸտʼѾܴԵع۲ˣȿ

㿪ݣƽ̨϶ʱâ˸

ħݵľϸµݾȫģˣֲҶſţɫҲ

ʾķΧܴ󣬾ħôһƬطչ֣µݣķΧ϶Сµҵس̶ȾȻռһϣ



˼Ϸ

˼Ϸ

ûֻܲ÷ݣϵвãտʼͷϷңǱϷ༫ԶΪŪǲݳˣ沮һΣʾ٣ǣҺ˫ݣ⹫Ӻ沮ȥˣͨħɽĴȥģӦѾϷò˶þܻˣ

㻺ҶԺȻ˳ȣӦѾڷˣҶ֪һ̣᲻̸ù

ҶԽԽǣʣ˼Ϸб䣬طأ

ڵֻܿ䡣ҲֻϷ⣬ĵطȶ

ҶͷѾ˴㡣

Ұ£Ҷһݣͨؽ⡣ҶˣݱһķҲӣҶȻһۿ͸еĽṹȴתģоǣ̺̫ྫ⣬ðҶ̲סƺȲʣڵҲ̾ѡ˵Ƕ컯

ʱһζҶս״̬ĺ겻ΩߣѾɽ⣬ڲԭϵȴ

Ҷ̾ԵݣȴЩӵŪɣ

Ҳſ԰Ҷ˵ӣˣȴһҪ˵ɢɲףħǿΪ𣬶սթ࣬ҿ϶ģ˶ɢ˹ȴмûɢģˣ

Ҷ˵֪󲿷˶ɢ˹ܿȶ˭ûɢҲԵرֳ

Ȼˣûó׵ķȻֻдɱˣ

⻰ðҶһ㶣Ҷ漴뵽ǰŮǸߣһħͷ䣬ڵѪȱħ߻Ҫǿ˵⻰ûʲô

ǰҲֻдɱˣ

˵գҶ㳯ȥһֱŵ΢Ц˫֣˵ãߣȥӦȺħ

˫УħһϵҲûУҲ˽㡣

˸ڰҶ棬˺Ҷں겻Ω·£ǰһͻƽ̨ϣħɽˣȥܿĵطԭȵĲԭϣʱ˸ħͷħޣѹѹģħݺɷ죬Ʊǡ

ҶһԵͷ΢ЦǰվǰأԶԶ˿ħ߳ˣһЩҲڿС

ħ򣬲Ƿ䣬᲻ÿ̫㼸Ҳܿ

λҹҪһ飬ǰЩʱ򣬺߱ѱñ겻յأȻǰˣԪˣΪߵӦܸеͷĪѹѹõģҲʲôĶϤ죡

һݣʾصı仯ΪҿԸߴңˣҪˣҲҪˡ

󣬵ȴԴǧЩʵߵĴ߻ħ֮ˣ򣬲ǲԭһصҲ˺ܶ顣



Ļ׼õģʱ˵˵ףȻҲаҶָʾ

˵ʱѾʱΪ˵Ļ࣬мкܳʱ˼õġ

Ϊһ仰ƬԭǻǱģ˵Ҫȫɢ

ɢ֪صĶҲԥһʹ¾ɢģǿΪ𡢳¶ݵħҪһ˷еѶȿ֮ˡ

ҳһƬĲԭ㲢ûκξȣǱضᷢ飬΢ЦŶһԵİҶ˵ӣҲֻѪֶˣ

ɱ¾󲻵ѵֶΣҶڻãǰλãۿǰˣʱѾħɽϿա

ħߴСʥħһϹͰҶһ˵׹ӣ֮ǰеħԸӷԸ

ħĻǺܴ󣬵ǰһħͷȴԭΪħҪ˵ףû뵽Ȼֱӵͷϴһʱ䣬Щ˶ͣ

ħħ߲Ƕͷ𣿡

֪ӣλƺˣ

ղħа׹ӣ˭ôֵֹģ

֪û

ħħˣô죿

ȿ

һħͷʱؿߡ

ħˣħͻħҲˣɫƽʲô

ħͶϣҶȻܣһԵЦ֣ȣȻˣ͹ɣ

ָһԵλãħ֣ЦЦվһԡ

ħ˼ãҲ˺ܳʱ䣬ջǾħߵĽŲ˿ħһֱԣʵϣӺܾǰͽħָˣĳЩ棬ħ˵·ˡ

Ҷһħͷͣڰգ߶ţϽ¶΢Ц˵ղħ߰ҲˣҸߴңҾƽϢģڰλǰ·һɢ



һ Ⱥħ

ò˵ҶĻһڣǰĻҳ̶ȱħҪ

ǰһˣǸ䣬ûйģҲʵǿɢޣƽĶͷ޷ģҶŵжӿ˷ŭмһʼųѪĺ

ҶһһǰˣͰ½ҲУ˺ܰһֶûУоǳħһһȺʵǿģ˶ֳ˷ŭħȴûУ߶һӵ۹⿴ŰҶǻħߣҶûнӴֻųħħĻʱҶַŭ߷ȴǺˡ

ҶһȺһᣬȻò˵ɢһöħ򡢴ɽһɢղħҲ˵ˣҪ̶ȵ磬ɢõķ

ҲɢΪ磬Ҳѱ¾һ飬ȻҲӰ죬ȴҲֵˣ

ڸһʱ俼ǣһó

˵գһԵħſħɽķһغڹ⽻֯γһŻסħɽĴһħͷɨ˳ȥȻѾվħ߳⡣

ǿģһʱҲƲˣ˵ӿȥûм꣬ڳħĴ£طɻԼλá

ħͷԭڲ²⡣ӦǼħֻжʱȴ׳ʲôΣۣҪɢǲòۼһԲߣЩУΨʸԣССħͷ˰ݻᣬϣܸһĴ𸴡

ħǰѯʵһˣ˵ǸԴʲôҲ⡣ֻ˵Ҳ˰ڲհ׵ĻģҸۣһĴۣ

ħһԱߵħˣ˵ǲΣˣʸλûΣħΪʲôΣˣǲǾЧ

ħӹ˵ղұˣɢȻԼӰ죬ҲǼѣα겻αҪָǰг˵شڶҴ󲿷ַҲҪɱֻһָԪ

ħǸͷһɫҿӣһ˫üԵʮ˵Щܵħͷ׷Ӧ͡

٣ħҪԸˣ

ħߣħʲôʱһģ

᲻ǰĺҲйϵˣͷ

ӦòɣɱħĲɢ

ƶѣŮҰĴغܣ˵ݾʱ̲鿴˵

ҵҪݣ

һЦ˳صĻ˲٣ҲһħͷĹϵǢ١

ʱ˵Ǹ·ˣΪܹ֣ʲôУħħȻǿ󣬵ȫսĻǿ϶ӮҲӦףΪʲôڻҪŭأ

һʳ˶˼ˣħ˵ҸǴ·˭Ƕˣ



뱱һֱǵжţʱϢһȺԺ뵽ħħѵˣ

ħ˵Ӧû֪Ϣɣ

ħҳ˺ܳʱ䣬еħͷѰԭ򣬺ַ˸Ķңææʱȥ˽˵

Ҳͽǿ϶󲻵ǵͽĴͷǾ

˻һЩϢħͷǳ˺һᣬȻȫЦǶ䣬ȻˣֱЦ

ЦƽϢħֻ˵ߴɣɾͷǧɽռԪɣˣǻ֪ʱǧɽֲڶĿܶħˣ

ħͷǰһħģ֪ԭһ޵ͻȻħʲôζЩ˷񣬿ΧĴڿ϶꣡

ʵѾֻǰĳˣԪӤǣǺУ

ħջţԪӤǣħͷ˳ͷ

˵õζ

Ȼܿħͷ˵ˣħߡ֯һνɱǵԪӤǣǵķ鵤

˻˾󲿷˵⣬һźۣųħ

ħϺȻ¶΢Ц˵Ҳд⣡



ħħļ֮һͷνжˣԶĿǰ״˵ûʲô⣬ǿ϶ö

ħһԵħͷħ˵ȥ֮ǰðڲĻƽϢˣǲռҵĺô⣬ħħǵҲóһλ

ħ󲿷أ˰ռĵطǺõطЩɢ޻СĺܣħĻȻϲһؿռĻǵõ

ħһѼȫħͷһеȻҲǸ

ЩħħʱħɽϣҶҲθһ׺ݵĴ

ҶΪаҶѳħһһչ˳ߵһȺؿǱ߷飬˾̾ҶͬʱҲ׷״Ц

˵ħƻıĲôû뵽ЩȻô

ħ֣ȼߣҶı£и̾ͬʱҲ˵ֻԭһʵҲǺǵġϣĽĺ޶ȥһȻȥ

ħʥħ˵ħֻ׳նˣȥȥԼ֪أ

ħûֻҪеԸǣ֪ӺʹʲôԲߣ

㿴һԵİҶҶһһһ飬˵ȻжԲߣѾڲˣ

ϴ뿪½ʱҶֽһЩɾƺһƬƬƬϼŰҶĻҶҪɾħɽܷԲﲼ󷨣󷨵ز÷ҲƬϡ

⣬ҶԼҲ׼֪ħһһֻҪһħй߿ħħ˾Ӧÿɸ㶨ˣ

ҶҪǸ˵˵ϸھˡ

һʱܿͿûˣٶǰͨ뿪ƺ沮Ϣ˼Ϸɭ֣ɭֱҲķˣڣһ̵֯ȴɱ¾ϷҪûˣЩνˣնҲģֻɱˣ֮ȫѪɺӣڣһسƶ˱Ϸ࣡

沮ϢҲ򶫾Ϣڶ˳ѰҰҶеǾĲϣѾ֪ˣ˸ڵǺܺãҲӦ

ƺ沮ûֱӻ̻ûгֵĵطʼݣԺʱܱȽ׼ȷز鿴ΣȻڵУһЩطʼþ

ҶЩϢûж˵ʲôֱӳȥһڵĴ

һҶվͻĵطֱħͷǣЩǶվħɽĻ֮⣬Ҷ˵ǿǵôˣ

ûôǣǣǸûҪ˵ʲôڣҪһѡһ鸽ǣҲԸһʱ俼ǣ

˵ǳħħͷû˵Եúܰ͹ԳħĵλҲԵ϶ǿ

Ҷػָ̧֣ųħ˵ҪػҪЩ޹޹

СӣΣˣΣЩѵû㲻Ƕ˵ߣһﱻԻˡΪǴЩ˿ɲĵ

һħͷ׷ӦšҶ̾һ˵ǼȻǾѡڶˣ

ħҲһ䣺Ҳѡĵڶ

ĶսһȺּضţսʼʱôңڡҶгһϺ«һ˲ûʲôֻǿŰҶҶҪˣʲôУħǲ⣬еǺУ

«Լ򿪣һľˮɳˮˣûɢҲûɢ֮

ˮٷֱӿϵĻСħǧ겻

ƣһЩȷѪꡣҲħգɾһУԭȻǵħƾȻ˼˿Σһ㲻ħĲʹ

ɾƵͬٶȺܿ죬һŴɾƣʱԲеˮֶ˾֮Եù½

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Щ½ľˮȻһЩ֮ȴûйԣζǳãеħͷͷֱ÷ȡˮǿɴûȹζɾơ

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ߣħһ˦֣һڹ⣬Ҫƴ

ҶĽƿɲ򵥣ڹʱһɢˣڹȥȻת۾ʹ˳ħϣըһƬ̻

һĽƴУȻûʲôˣħҲѿԼ̫Сˣǰļһˣ

Сӣⲻ֮ս˵սڲƽϣó˫ȫʵһսɣħе

ҶǺҪ׼ˣɹЦ˵սãǾսɣðسȺǾ޴ĹﶼóԸԼ׳׳

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ħؿڴˣȻ˳ϴβͬǣûֱӹڲϵسת۾ʮɳˣȫںڣֻбϵѪ⣬ڿԹķʽŤš

⣬ϺȻȻ˶һ޴ޱȵļһѹƲ㣬ƮǼﳤ˶𾪲ѣ

磬Ψжĺ޲мӴȥǿȻﶼ׷ײ²⣬ǲǶļһ

ħħȻ˰ҶҲڰҶʾ¿һӣڴʱеĸ£Ȼ𾪣֪⿿Լһܣ

Ҷħһ飬ҲЦˣ˵ħߣ֪ɲԸңЩӵʬ嶼ģطǵأϢɽҲ𰸣

ǵأϢɽħŰҶЦ˵ЩԶ𣿡

ҲֻˣһǺ֣δõЩģû㣿

ҲҪסħһ֣ҶڿԶһƬƵĶƮǿɲƣι״ĳӡ

⣬ϣЩӵӰЩζģȻԭȲ磬ֻǾ˳ħԽӦ硣

ȻĲǺҶȻԷֱЩӵģЩǧ˰̬ΨһͬǵĽܶ࣬ļ̣צӣܿжϸ򦣬ڣǵأôֱӳײħɽķܶҪƻ

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ստʼħóеֶΣЩһֱɾƵҲĿɿڴؿգǾ޴ĹﻹԶƮĳƣ˶ˡ

ҶȴûжٸоѾһΣͲˡ

ܻʵɾҶڸ߿տѾһЩΣһƬںڵĲԭúһ

趯һһɵĽϵشңҲ˳һЩӰӲγɡ

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һ߽ ܴ

ǰŰҶɾƣټķΧѣֻҪضλϵϼɾƾˣѵǰҶԼ

ҪһƬΧڵ֮Ũһĳ̶ȣҪֱӿе㣬ߡߣ飬ҪƵľȷ

ںķƾͬʱҪԼۣתʱǿѹһ֮֮ƣ

ڸտʼʱû˿󷨵ת΢֮ܵħҲһᣬԭϹ˷磬һħħͷ۾

ǣŲԭҵ֪Ѿ󷨣ֻܿһ㷶Χ޴֪󷨵ӣҲ޴֪ʲôá

ħŰҶ趯ָųȳҶȥ

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ҶԼͬʱҲעųħȹˡҶû˿ܵĶƾ⼸ɳشһ

ȵβ̡ͷԽԽ⣬ȻҪסҶȻʳԳڵ״̬ǶɹŴνѵҲᱻĻɢ

ߵʱ򣬰ҶзɳһźɫֱӴͷҲʲô赲ԼֱֻǣȥźɫҲûһ˿ǰĶ

ǽǰҶռеģȻʹýҲŶֻһ߱ʬ塣ǷһճǳħⶾȻһ

ȱǱ߳ħ͵һѪȵؿŰҶ֪ȴ֪ղյһŶʲôȻֱӷеΪ

ûб𡣲Ȼͬ޵϶ܸ˺Ҷ趯æʩջǣȻ֣ƾμȾǲ

ʱҶҲ֣ΪɳԼֳˣһɫĴŵɵĺһķɳվϣһذϴζԴǾʬһ

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Ҷ֪ɳҪʲô֪Ҫ군ˣҲܲô࣬Ǽ趯޺͹â˷У޴ޱȵԽԽǿˡ

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ȻȻжȵϵٴһѪжϱȱжܵ˺СһЩԤУղˣ־ŭԼ޵ĶȻô׾ͱˣҶǿʲô̶ȣ

ڣϵľ޴Ҳ֮ȻһҲ군ˣ

ڳħһǽɵʼħͻħħ֮ƣһħͷŲ󷨣ħɽ֣Ǿ޴ĹҲԿƻʵȴܿٶײħɽ

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Ҷǿʼ趯ٶԽԽ죬ټĲԭϣʼ衢â˸ɫĲϣʱеܣһ˲䣬ضʼˡ

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ڲ󷨺󣬱ɢվЩڵϣҲǵξƵλãڣȫɢڲԭϣȫǱˡ

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ǺǣȻô˵ˣұһӣٿǿǣһģƺû㽻֣㿩Цţ˵:Ǻãɣ



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ŨȣҶ֪൱ߣڷ䣬϶˲ͻɾʯУȴûƣðҶȵǣŨȸߵ˵زȻƮ֮һͷŨȻߵʲôز

ڵʱ򣬰ҶҲ붨״̬Ʈʲôûеĵط۹ȫǺڰΨһһߣɳָķ

ûпȻҲûкҶһЩЩҲܿɢˣռݲЩƵġ

뿪ɣҲ֪˶ãһɲˣ

ҶȭͷеӿȭͷðҶ

ϲڿƺҲĲ

һȭǰǷɳָķһȭ˸һȦȦĽ⵴ȭͷĵĹԽԽܿ죬ĵĽ͵һ󰵵һɫĿնˡ

Ҷæȥ漴ĸоͺ񵱳һεĽּ࣬žĸоֻһᣬ͸еһɣΧ͵

޿ռ䱾һռ䣬ҪһռֻʱѿռƿУŷɳķȥҲҲͷ

ڳʱ򣬰Ҷ漴˿򣬷һңҪƿռ仹ǷǳµģҶһжôӴ

ӣħһֱȴҶղһƬҳȻȥųһնһƬҳ棬֪쵽뿴ϸʱһӰȻ˳ҪȵذҶ

Ҷ˿Ϥĵطһʵҽȥˣ

ˣ

죿ҶоȲѣǸ֮У˵ѰطĹҲޱȣôķΧÿֻջһ㣬Ҳó꣬û뵽Ȼֻ죡ûʲôʱ䰡

أ

ħѾħɽˣ

ҶͷħһħҲ̫ƽࡣȻڿ϶вԸɢģʽ£ЩҲò˳ӡ

Ҳȥɣ

Ҷħ׼˲ƣæ˵ȵȣ㣡

ΣԱϢסħȻʼ˵Ӱ漴ԭʧٳʱȻѾħɽˣ

ħȵŴͣղŵĵط˲˺ܶβŵģû뵽ҶȻһ˲ƾˣʵǲ̫ǿˣ

ҶҲľû뵽еԼȻһǿô࣬ҡҶ֣ԼڵӴԷû˿Ӱ졣Ϊˮ齻˵ԭɡ

ߣҶȷ˳ȥٶȼ죬գ۾ͽħɽħе𾪷£漴ϡ

ʱ䣬㹻ضˣħħԭĲ¾Ͳ࣬Ժܺڳħ£ħ󲿷ֶͶ˽ٲܵҲץ˻ǵĹΪϵһɶȴûɱǡ

ʴȣ֪״ܲɱþͲҪɱˣٶӰ졣

ħ󲿷ֵͳһħһЩȥЩûɳħŰ½ԼǵͨħɽĴȥ˼Ϸƺ沮

Ҷħɽʱ½Ǹո뿪

ӣ㿴Σ򵥵Ҷ㱨һȻһݵؿŰҶ

ҶĲȻ⣬˵ħһлϾˣǲҪϷҪ׼ȥɽְƽ

ӣɽ֣ʵǿؼһﲻ٣ǵҲǧ򻯣ϾǱȺ壬ȥĻҪϸһ²Уħһ˵

Ц֣ȣͲҪˣЩַʲô˵ġ

ҶҲЦİɣǣһϵģ⣬ȥɽֻȥҪ֮ƽϢɽ

һħ⻰æ˵ǺãҲʶ֣ٸǽ֣룬ˣ

һԵЦ˵ִҲûʲôϡģֻҪͶЩͷ֣ܾ˼

԰ôһ˵һ˼ˣʶ˲٣ǰǶͷڳѣĺ֣

ħͶǶͷˮݣоӴߣйħһЩ֪ظ֣˺ͷļһڣ߶ĳսһȻձ˵Ȼͬˮ𣬵Ҳһƽ״̬

˵ʱԶ˫˹ǮᣬһҶͬʱеʦܣˣ

λʦã

˫ʱϵ·ѾԭˣһɫؾװһӢԵɷǮǿţףһ磬ͷҲͷΣȥҰʮ㣡

ȻǡߡҶ̾

ʦܣ㿴·ô˫Ǯͬ⡣

Ҷòͷ˵硣Ӣ䣬ŮӺܡü

Ҷ̾ţͬʱ룺ǰĴڶ϶ᱻΧ׷½ذɣ˫϶ᱻһ٣ǮʦҲ϶ᱻϺݺݽѵһ

ˡʦܣǶĴţ˫һƣ˵Ŵˣ͵ˡ

ҶӹƣеȻеϢӿԺ

Ϣһ˵ǾĲϵѰΪֺܶ࣬һЩҲЩĺܶ϶ҵˡʣµĴ󲿷ҲȫѰңҲ̡ͬʱҲе˶Ѫ֮壬Ǻ𣬲ħħͷ˵ȴȫ⣬ħͷɴֱЩѪ֮ˣǶʰҶʲôʱȥɽڣĻѻȫƽϢˣظȴͷѰܾʱһ

ţҶа˶ð£ԼѰңСܣôʱҲûͷһ̶̵࣬ʱ˴룡

̣ѾһȺħͷȥˣӦò̫ˡ

ȥɽҶȻҲ˴㣬ʯϵϢĨȥͬʱԼ˼дȥʯ⣬ܿͼ¼ϡ

ӣдֱӰʯͳȥˣ㿴Ҷ¼꣬˵

Ҷҡҡͷ˵Լˣ

֣ڵԶӿָػڿн֯һԲνƣ֯ܿһ󷨡

ҶʯУתһ⣬ɢˣʯҲˡ

ӺֶΣһЦ⣬ȴžȣԱߵħҲ۵𾪣붫ԶȻֱڵͰѶ˳ȥڵöٰ



ԶڶĶŸ飬Ȼеһţǰһ⣬âɢȥһʯڿС

ţùƣǰҶĴţ¶ϲɫ

ǰ׹ӵĴţǺһʵ

ǣҵȵȣȿһ

ʯеϢӿԺУƬ̣ϵϲɫŨˣ˵ߴһϢħѾƽϢˣڶҶ֮ˣ

ܵĸֶ¶ȺͻϲɫĵľħǰŶ֪ߵغļһﲻû뵽Ҷȥôµʱ͸㶨ˣ

⣬ҶҲȥ˼ϷǵһǸ

һۣЩѪ֮ǺͷۣһҪѺܴħͷֱɾˣҪĶࡣ

оǣҶҪʮ֣һħȥɽƱҪɽӦ



һ 벻

ȥɽǱҪģֻǣҪǺЩԪӤ꣬ҲҪȥѰǾĲϣҪ¸ԣҪɳȥ˾Ҫϸˡ

ѡֱڵĶǧݡǺĻʸϡŋ춴˾ƺɵĹ棡

ǺĻʸϾǵ붫ͿһԿֵǸǺԳϣŋ춴˾ʵǸʦһŋ춴ûȴĹͷ

뿪ɿҴ涫ָԷʲôͻ¼

ҶڸǵĴѾҪȥĵطͻϵʱ䣬ʱ䣬

ڱħҶҲѡȥɽԱĸħһСף

СҲɳߣСԭҶ֮ȥѰǾĲϵģҶСı£һ£ɳжܿҵҪҵĶȻͼҴҵشЩҰҶˣҼеرʾҪŰҶԭȾƣ

СǶޣһиǵĺޣ޲ֻ֣ҪȺǧ򱶡ȴûкǿһǵĺ޾ɴܻǼٻǧ֣

СԴǽᾧһ˵Ľᾧʵ϶ȶɹ߰˴νѵֲɹŽ٣Ҳսʤ

С׵ĵҶó˴ħɻһǽᾧƬⶫͨߺħͷֶաҲֻк޲ȡ԰Ҷɴⶫ

С׿һѵǽᾧСֱŵ󣬰ѰҶֶֻ˽ȥ֪һѰҶ˳ȥҶеĽᾧѾˡ

ôᾧһӸղ꣬˵ԺеЩƬҲֻһֻ֣һôҪȫЩᾧ̺Ķûмǧǰ첻ġ

ħĸ߶ŰҶʣµħЩħΪħԣҲʲôӣǮ˫һΪߡҫһǴݣⶫѾ˽һЩ΢һ»Ǻ׵ġ

ȷѡ󣬰ҶҲûͣǰõʱ䣬Ҳˡ

뿪ħһרеķӺһֻչӣϸȴӺ޹ϵķٶȼ죬˲ƻҪһ֡νǼƷħ

ֻӣֱӳϷɣ뿪ħ򣬱ããشˣַ˼죬Ŷɹ󺣣½أѾǷ˵ĵˡ

Ҷǻϵĵصǵ·ʱ䵽Ĵ򣬶ʮȥˣҲ֪仯Σ֪ʦ϶ôˣ

һ˿ΣҶĸ߳ȥĸϵħȫǿȥҲͨûʲô

ܿ͵ˣҶɨһҩ̻ڣʦ϶ȴڣǣķΧڣɱ֮ǰǿ࣬ǷԲﶼؿ

һɨ֮£ҶüͷһΪȻ˵Ѫū

ѪūһˣǵҪ̫ӣǸǧ巵˾֮ĵӣ

üʱȻֿһˣüͷҲˣֱ˲ƹȥϷԱߵĸҲһ㶡

ĸ߿Ҷڵ˲뿪벢ǺԶҲ漴ϡ

Ҷ˲ǱˣǸСʦϣСѾͷ˰ҶɹȻŶ̶̵Ķʮ꣬ΪȴҲ쵽ԪӤˣǸɶõţ˿̣ȴ̫

ڵϣģǸʮСѪͷҲɢңϵò¶ƤϣѪ˰̡

һͭϣͭһӣȫѪˮ϶һ˫棬ѪˮкͺڹⲻȻһħҪ϶

ӲԶһ̫ͤӴʱۼȻѾ˻ʵۣվ޵Ů˺˧Щ˲ǡˡѾѪū

Ѫū֮⣬һ̫ģˣҴҵشѪرͤӣϣѾʼתˣֻҪٹʮʱͿϣ

֪ˣúÿţˣ⣬׼ûꡣҿҪժĻ̫˵

ϣѾ׼ˣ

̫ӳһѡʵʦϢ𣿡

ϣλµشûʲô

ȥɣ

̫æˣȻתѪȥҪѪأȻһû궼õġ

̫벻ǣŸ̧ͷͿһɫӰѪУͭһӰŵҲ

ѪеѪˮȻڵĹâٽ֯Ȼ͵ıѪˮɢܣƵءʲôʴǸ̫ǱѪˮ˸ȫ߶ûһȫȥһ̲ͬѪˮͷû¡

ҶŻԵ϶ȫƤӣȻŭ졣

϶ΪϢ仯˺ö࣬һʱҶûиоϸӦ£Ƿֻû뵽ȻĿࡣ

Ҷ

«ɾƷɳڰҶʵǿˣֱܲɾƸȫȻȫɾơ϶ϵˡ

ڰҶ϶ͬʱ̫Ѿ˰ҶȻʶҶжʱһæеס

ȻҪܣֻǣûվȣһͰסˣҪ˵ܣգ۶գˣ

ʲôܣħͤһѣУȻͷ˵ӻ

ħվѪرߣ۲ѪأħЩѪūߣƿǵ·ѱ䳤˵ָ״̽ǵУӦš

վڰҶߣҶ϶ˡ

СߣһֱڰҶϣؿŰҶ顣

һʱɾƵϴ϶Ѿˣͷ˳ˣϵ˺ҲֻʣǳǳķɫϢҲƽˣڵħɢһգԭΪҲۡ

ڣϵ·Щ⣬϶͸˯һ

ӣԼɣǿдѵĻãһ˵

Ҷͷóһ·̸˵ϰɣ

ӹ·ҶҲ϶Ȼͤȥ

߶վͤҶԱվվ̫ӿҶڲסĿ־¶

Ҷִһƣ̫Уֻ̫оһᣬʱȴ֣ԼȻˣȴ˵ˡ

ô£Ҷʵ

̫ӵֺõ˵׹ӣᣬᣬҲ֪ˣ

Ҷָһָ̫оԼȫʼҧԼһȫ亹һ˳ӣ

ҡ˵˵̫ӵͶţиǳ˿ɫ

ϵʹؿ죬ȥҲ죬̫ӵ䣬ϾͻָʲôûһŰҶԱ֪ǳˣֻ̫ʦ

ʮǰɽʱǧ巵˾֮ĪǮԶҶ񣬱ħ뻯ɿܣҶʹ֮ΪѰǾĲϣҶԼĵȥѰңΪħ԰Ҷܷġ

ֻǣðҶ벻ǣħʱǵǵȻҲһ㣬ûбҲֶΣ

һ˵겢ףǧ巵ˣǧ巵óľܣǱҲԼɿӰħĿӡǣҲڽ԰ŵҺõС

壬ȻǡˡֻҪԭˣ˵ףԣڰҶͷǲʮʱǾѾˣ߱ħ´ܣܵѰҲϵļ

ʵħʵܷǵΪԭյĽ

һħŰҶܣָСܣһѰǾĲϣһҲڵĶ¹ܣǸûϣ

ΪĪ˸ְҲǧ巵ģӦǵĴʦ֣ʦЩ뿪ǧ巵ˡ

ǵĴʦֽɳʯǣڴɽĳǻ˵ãȻæɳʯҲǣǴĳȥͨĪˣɳʯ֪˰Ҷ˱ƶ˱ļƻ

һʼǲûʲô飬ֻǰ۲Ҷйϵˣ϶ĸĸǺܿͷ⼸ҲУٶȼ죬Ǳֵģɳʯ˵ųߵ㣬ҪѰҶĺôֻǣһȾ͵˺üꡣ

ǲͷʱСˣȻСҵ߿ܣĪ˸պ;С࣬Ȼ߿ССԿ֮ͨҲʲô㰴հҶķԸҪϡ

ĪҲ׼˲ϣȫɿ֮óҸС࣬˵ڴɽкܶ࣬ǶɼˣҪҪһȥãС಻м٣Ӧȥ֮ǰСȥȶ԰ҶϤˡ

С粻ǵˣ϶ͻƸ˹ϵܺã϶ͻƸˣнǶССܺãദһʱС͸żȥ˴ɽ

ϣСһߣĪԸ̫Ӳù˼ˣȻҶСȡϣСڰҶ˵϶ҪС࣬°Ҷȥˣ

ԣ̫ӿʼ˴ѪūΧ϶ǵסڻУ϶ס˴󲿷Ѫūûнܷ򸾺˳ȥȥҰˣǵĪǵĶ֣

̫ҲûôܣֻҪѪūȥѣ϶ص˻ʹ϶֮󣬱ҪȻԼֻǣû뵽ǣҶȻʱˣ

̫֪ģҶüͷһ飬Сյûþ뿪ˣһʱˣС϶ദһʱ䣬ȥɽҲаˣôˣ̫ץ϶Ҳкüˣ϶̷󲿷ʱ䶼ţ޾Ŀʱʦĸ뵽ô飬ҶеĺԽԽʤˣ



һĽ ȥ

̫ӿҶ۹Ա˵ƣЩʧˡ

ѾŻԵ϶ҶߣҶ鲻ãС˵ӣڷѾˣһ£Уʵ˵ҲõģڣɽԣҲ£

ҶȻǺ£ֻΪʲôˣΪһ˽ЩŭԹѵľô

ɽʱΪԵܵͳ֮£·˼䣬ӶģĶ̰۵ԫǽŵĪǣֻϺĳȺͶľһΪԼ˵棬ضŹ治֪ΪλҪǣ

ҶԽԽʱǶ̫ЩСԣأЩһڳʱһһ

̫ӣҲǴʱĻʵۣʧˣҶŵĻ겻壬Ҫ˽ƣιȥˡ

һԵħüͷִһƣȫסеζԼŰɣ

ڰҶʱͷһУʾһ

ʹǧ֮ңһɽСһˣһȺȫµ˴Ӵӿ࣬ŵһֱ㳯ܣȻٴ⡣ֳһȺͬƵļһ

ҶȻʶǣЩȥˣǳ̣ǳȻ˼ӣ

ƺЩ˵ƺܿɢҶλħҲоˣ׷׳Ǹȥħ˵Ѫļһڸʲô

ħشӦþĴ¾̰ɡ

ǶҶҶ˵ħħȥסǴˡٰȫˣǴҲˣ

ħħͷӦֱ˲ʧǧľǺܿ͵ˣɽȺħͷ϶¶Цݡ

ԪЩˡˣǿɲÿ

ħͷ˵ϧûҪɢȻЩҲһβƷ

ħЦˣ벻Ȳ󣬰סȻúһΣںҲҪģ

ħؿ˿ȻЦҡҡͷʼɽȺܴЩѾˣҴԴԴϵش֪ͣҪ͵ʲôʱ

Щ˶˽Ų⣬ɽȶܰǲ֪ǵѾסˣȴǵֻ

һ죬ͣʮˣɽȻһƬһЩ˾Ϳʼɽӿȥֻǣǻû߼·һǽͰǵסˣЩҲͣٴΰԶ˷ɹ

Ҫʱ뿴ȻһιâȻһȺˣȺûд£̵ˣħͬʱע⵽һŮˣһŷɫȹŮȻżΪһƵ֮ܡ

˻࿴˿û˵ͿһҶˡ

ҶЩʱ䶼϶һֱţ˵Ҳˣ԰Ҷģ̫Ȼңͻû˻ʵۣҲûʲô¡

Ҷһʱ俴˴ǷŮʱħСֱ˲ƹȥ

ǷŮҶ֣ʦĸĸȻӦսġ

ӣЩʲôˣŮǺİɣԱߵˣ֣ˣ֡

ôһˣħʵ

ŮȷʵǺˣоӣɷһֻĵ֣ѾɱˣԱߵǸɷĹģӦǾۼģ

ʱǾѾôˣҶ˵Žƣȥǣ

Ҷֱ˲Ƶʦߡ

㣿ͬ

ʦӽ㣡Ҷʦƽ£еĵıʧ١

Ҷڻˣ϶ǰҶȻǧͷӿæ˵ĵ£ĵıҶˡ

ʦİɣ϶Ѿȳˣֻ˵Ƥ֮࣬Ҳκˣ

ǾͺáͺãڵӱȶʮǰҪˣлнܷ򸾡֮ǰˡ

Ҷأһ𣿡Ʒ˺ͻнܶŰҶ

ҶȻһǰأҹ˵ؿˣأ

Ҷ죬ҲһҶܿع֮ǣǷģµģ

ҶŬѹе飬һԵľӣ˵ӽҪЩս𣿡

ӵͷ˵ȷʵˣ㻹ǵõ㴫Щ˵ɱ󷨰ɣɱʡ

Ҷܵˡ˵ԭˣӽξͲöˡ˻֣һܿģ

Ҷ˵ʱܵѾ׼ǣȻǱˣеĴ󲿷˲ûʧȥǣҲ䡣ЩҪʱҶҪǿʼ

Ҷһ£жˣһֱڰҶСҲһӴ˳ȥֱֱطڿУвϷ˻˻

С׵ĳ֣ܵȫһСȻȥСɣûжζûȴĸЩֵϢǽᾧɢƸЩ־ɲ⡣

Сڿţе˻˻Ȼ΢ɽȶһе̵ˣ׷Ŷ䣬ʹĺС

ͬʱλߵħҲʹ˳ɫĺһɽʼɨ֮Щ̵˷׷׻ѪˮУɨһʱԭȵĺɫѾѪɫƸǿ

޻дħͷɻ˵

ЩСֺΪ͵߿ѪӿǶЩսսҪﻹоӺѹǿŵˡ

ӽ㲻õģڶҵģ

ӿ˿Ҷû˵

СЩ̵ʧȥ˵ֿ־λߣǵħֱеͽǰѸԵѪջʱ϶¶ɫЩͽǾѪأͺһЩħħͷ˵ѵõĲƷ

ʮһĹɢˣеһȺѾ˼ɱЩ̵˽֣ҪѺôľǣû뵽ڣһĹЩ˾ͱһգһｵһѱְɡ

ܼ޸һţȻȻ֪ħͷҲû¶еӣħһһ

λħҲܸȤǻǵһôƽ͵еĸִһлЩпġ

Ҷ˽ᣬ˵ȥǸʹȱţ

ԭȣҶ

ҪǲЩҴܣԼǣڣɨһ£ԲҲһûҪ̫ġ

Ҷнܷ򸾻ожʣҪҸطúġ

ҶĻ˵ҵɣɢ˹

Ҷ

йСס˵Сףһᡣȥɽʱٸһ𣡡

С׿ʼܲԸڰҶһɹһɾµջºܿʹӦˡ

Ҷħ𣬼Ͼӡͻнܷ򸾣ܹ˻ص˻ʹ϶ֻǻ˯ϸɾࡣһֱŵĶʱ࣬нܷҲˡ

ʹȱľǹһҶЩñطһ𣬿ʼ˵Ե顣

ǰհҶµķУЧԣȻû϶츳ҲȳˣֻǣþĪˣ̫֮˵Ĳࡣ

϶ǵ׷ȥһ·ϲѪū׷ϣ˼ʮʱ䣬ζ㱻Ѫūסһɭ⣬˾ӡӳ־ǣȼԼĶ飬Ը¾һе̡

֪иֱ˼ھ϶Ҳż͹ȥͽ϶û뵽͹Ҷˣ

ǵĻҶеɻ࣬ʱ䣬˵Լˡ˶ıʣصΣȥħЩߵ⣬ͬʱҲ˵ȥɽͼһʱ䣬ҶȻĺҪס

ҶĻ󣬾ӱ˵ҪˣǰظоǺǿңȴԽԽǿˣҪΪ̣ҿͷˣҲӰ𣿡

ҶѾˣ˵ӽ⣬㱾ѹֹѾݲˣԣӽ÷ȻҲӰ죬Ӱ󣡡

Ҷô˵ϾȻ¶һֽѵ飬ֻϺȻɢһɼǿϢѹֵĹȫͷ˳һӣﶼϿҲϼ

ӱ۾һᣬŵ˵ʮ죬Ҿܷˣ

ϲӽ㣡

Ҳæأȴû̫˷ܣ˵ֵܣⷲ£Ҳܲ˶ˣҳЩʱ䣬ȥЩԼɣ

ǱȻ飬ҶѾ뵽ˣӦǣҴҲŸռһľӾ뿪ˣʱǷǳʱڣҶѾţȷȥɽɣ

ӴҴ뿪ˣҶŻнܷ򸾣飬ûｲм¼ľ󴫵˵ԺУĸԼɡ

ڴͼʱ򣬰ҶҲ룺ƽһȥ㣡

ҶɣǱߣѾˣһ㿴ն㡢ħħħ

߸뱱ħĴվţ˫ûκλ෴ж͸ź棬Ƭ̣˫˶ЦһֱׯĹҲЦţΪˮ֮Ѽ



һ 

ħ֮ͷ˫зһⱾˮͻһŲܹأʱ˫֮һ㻺壬һͬĿ꣬ˮҲɵع棡

ҶصȴĸԼǵӰûչ˺ץȥĶ֪Լ֪ڵԼʲô飬ֻƽϢʵԼԼľ

нܷ򸾿˰ҶӰ񣬲û˵ʲôƷ۾ӯӯģȻᣬн̾һš

ãнܲ˵ҶǷжѣҲôˣŽǻģ

Ҷ֪Цǿ࣬Ҷ֪ҶֻŰѷ䰲Ȼȥܿ࣡

Ƹ֮־ᶨ࣬˲ᣬ˵Ҷı´󣬵Ҳش󣬲Ҫż϶ģ

Ҷû뵽˶ᰲοԼижͬʱҲҪЩȥɽЩǾЩȥɽ硭

뵽Ҷд㾡ȥʱ򣬷ֶѾˡվ˵ʦҪȵѾˣҲˣһк˹Ǿٺķˡǻ

֪ҶҪ飬Ȼҵ飬ӦҶǵͷһ˲Ʒ˳ȥͬʱ̵Ĵ󴦴һҪС׻

ħͶ˿ҶҶһһԶ˵壬鷳֪ͨһ¶ˡҵǹķˣ

ͷ˴ʱԶһ׹⣬Сסһ˰ҶȻ¶һСԴ

˿Сףһ㶣ܿƽˡǿҶʲô˶ν

߰ɣ

ȻҶ˵ߣҲᷴԣһʮ˼һСߣϸ߿ա

ȻħӷҲȥ϶һ⣬ħĸʴ

ʵʦǸͷ˾ƺȻ˵·֪һطнɽĴ󣡡

⵹ǳ˵ϣ˶û˵ͷеعȳǰһ㣬ӷǰһֻӣһֻɹɵӡ

ֱӳǰɣħӽϣһȺգ۳˴ɽ

ɽ޼ʣ˵صطΧֺܶ࣬ΪС֣СļС˵ʤӵɷĹҲǺܳء

һ£ɽΧ֮л쵼ߣΪʥǶɹŴνѵĸ֣ΣɽΧֶûǿ󣬼ɹͬѵ֣ʵ֮Ҳв࣡

ĽԭһԽɽֵıʣʺʶձܸߣҲܿǿԽԽУ֮ĶԽ࣬ʵȻԽǿ

ڴɽǣֱΪȸ׻䣬ڷ䱻Ϊʥ飬ڴɽĸĴҲǴɽغ֮ۼŴɽǿ֣ȻҲģ

˾Ƶָ£һ˷˼һСϣһ·ϣ֣Щֿǣ׷ӴܣЩֵǿܵظоҶǵĿֲ

󷨣˾˵ȻħȥȻһȦȦĹ⻷ȥ

ϣЦҲȥĳǼΣû뵽Ȼд󣡡

Ҳ˵ҲȥҲû˵˾

֪֪֪ģ

ǺĻʸϳʱ˵λͨ⴫ӦֱܵĳǸˣǲ˵˵

⣬ȻҶҶ˵Ѿˣѹסǵĸ֣ӦȻð죬ӦǾǿ

ʱɱһЩֶӰ죬ɱЩֶӰأԣЩֲͷɱҲν

ħĴǶ԰Ҷľûʲôñ粵ģļȴЩףǶǸ֣ܿ;쵽Ƿǳʱ̣ĴҪ粵ĻҲû˵

ʸ϶˶٣˵ɽĳУĸǸ֣ǶطˡǵΪͳ˾Ŵνѵľ磬ԭȾʮһ

ӵطһЩֶƽģ˵ĸ໥֮仹һܷǿҪСЩ

ȻħҲӵĸǵ£СʥҲУȻ˵С֣

Ҷͷ˵ԣҪѹסǵĸ֣ܲɱòҪǲ飬Ҳֲˡ

һһͷ׷ǧݣָŪһᣬ˵λǰһΣղһΡõĽ

ǧݿˣҲ˵ʾǻΣգΣղǸղ˵Ǹ֣

һ㶣Ȼж뵽ЩȻĴڡħĺڹǸͷԼһЩһֱ˯ڵĺ֮ĴڣڴɽҲĴڡ

ں˺ͷҶᣬǿֱӸ¾>ƴļһڵذҶҲûбʤİսʤǣҶȴ¡֪ԼأǻءңзɳһֱػķȻڶһֱ޶ԣΣʱ̣϶ģ

ʱ˾ĹȷҶ˵ζ˵ģ

Ȼ˰ģҲȻȴûΣҲǰȥЩȻؼһǣ

ͨ˾ƵĿѾһŹ⣬ҲŹ⣬â֯һγһƽ̨ҶȻȥɹɵƽ̨ԽԽֱȫ

֮еĹâһα֮һָֻƽЩɢ֣׷ߣõľˣȴ֪Ȼи󣬲ٸѾʼԾԾԣʼտˡ

ҶٴοܾɫʱѾһɽĶϣǵΣߵĹ⻪ҲɢһգҶУɫԽԽԶֱ

УҶѾһǣ˼䷲˵سǳز࣬ΧгǽҲڳǣڳ⻹лǺӣ

ֻǣĳǱȷ˵ҪĶĶ࣬ǻǺӾа

һ˶ӦԶĳǳأ˾˵ӦþˣĳУһһĸ֣ǲǾ֣

˾ƣ˵˾ͷƺԴɽϤҼǵ㲻ٳ𣿡

ٺ٣ҳʱ㻹ʦǰأ

ףѾ˷ˣ

㳯ǿȥѾһȺ߷ˡ

˾˵⴫ǵģ󷨹Ȼ֪󷨿ֻ˲֪ģҵҲżȻ֪ģ

ȻȻҪԸҪͨΪ䡱İҶǿҶʱȴְҶշ

дžȺɻ

ҶôˣİҶˣҶɫ죬ĵʵ

ȹ̣ѰȻûκ⣡

Ҷ૵һ㶣Ȼͬʱ¶𾪵ɫһֱ޵۾һҲ쿴ȥҲ¶ͬҶһɻɫ

Ҷɨǵʱ㷢Ȼûκ⡣ʼΪԼоˣϸӦʱ֣ԼһֱӦȴûԭּĲ̬ڵȻǳȹ̣

ôô£

Ҷǲ֣Լԭȸоһԭز̬ȥˣѵԼ֮ǰֵĶǻþڵĸӦǻþ԰ҶӦȻֲκ⣬˰Ȼûзκβף̫ˣ

ϣļλħļλϡͰôпյżǽ飿

һ˴ԵҶͷȥһۡצһɫ⣬ûͷһͷʵǣ˶ۣ뻹

ͷļһӦþɵسˡ

ֻǷǷ֮ɽǱȲ˵ģ

һȺҲеľȺɻ˾Ƶһ˵Цϲϵң

ҲЦζٹһ꣬ҲǣϷӣʲôҪ͵𣿡

ٺ١ҶûȤˣһҪǿķˮΡ

Ŷǿ

ãܲã룬ǻǰ¸ǰɣҿһλþͺˣ

ӾǷӣˮ֮õĿԡˣ˵ҵǣֻ֣һһħôһû

ٴ¶ģЦС𣿡

㱧һȭ˵ħ߰ɣƺǵһμ棬ҶԴ߿ǳѾˡȻλλֻ֣ǳǳضҲסˣֻǺ˫ôһˡ

Ϊôȹ̣ҶͻȻʵҲʻ

ŰҶ˵һοҶһֻһ߷壬Ҳ̺޾ϾǴɽĳ֮һܿͷ˰Ҷ쳣οСס

ȹ̣λС֣ѵҪ״𣿡

βǰҶˣһԵضʵ֣һֱ

Ǻǣλ⣬ǧһֱˣ֮˵

ȻЦţ۾Ҳ¶ɻǰһȺ˾ͨˣǵĻҲ޵ķʸǼȻôʣ˵϶⡣

ѵˣʵ

˾ƿ˵û䣬˭

ɻ̧ͷϿȥһȺҲ׷̧ͷãǵͷ˵Ҳǻ˵ѣڿȷʵȵģʲô仯Ҳûа

ҶüͷѾһҴææشž֮ƽϢɽȻû⣬ƽϢʲô

ͨģڴ󴦣ҵģѵ;ʲôʣ



һ 쳣

Ҷ뵽ܣҲ뵽ˣ˾ֱӶ԰ٽͨǻȥ

ã

˾˵žҪȥĴ󣬲סЦ˵Ϸӣɣ

⴫ǵģȻϤޱȣʩչЩӵĽ󷨣ֻһۣ⣬ɽͷһһȦȦĹ⻪ɢһɹɵƽ̨

ҶһȥҲ׷£Ҳܡ

󷨿ʱһ⻪ɢ֮ʱҲ͹ȥˡ

ǸƽСڰһ֮ٴܾ£һ㶣Ȼ׷׾ӿǸеղЩ˵ֳˣһи֣ǷЩִĵ׷

СϹӰ˸һȺֳ



ճ·׷ױͷҶһæסܣ˷ƵĹҲڶʩѹҲһƬƣȥȻɽٵĽƲࡣ

Ҷ롣ִһƣ˰һæſۣûüɢٴοæȥҶҲȥתۡǱٴδ˻ȥ

ЩӿֺȻеǹϢʧˣ̶̵ļʱ䣬ǾøղŵѹþƵġ

Ҷ³ʱ²סشڴϾȻǺˮɶɲȵˡ

ôòס૵ʵ

վԱߵħʵǶûȥˣ

һǧû뿪ˡ˵¡

¶һǺףһʨҲǽǧûˡ

˼ѵػشħ⣬Ҷ໥š⵽ô£ģҵ۹ֶе˰Ҷϡ

ҶʱȴҲԻţղǵıֺǲƵģЩһĲĴڣֱӷųǡղֻǽ½ѣûиϾɱ

ǲ˵Ѿأȴһλ᣿Ҷš

ͬʱڸղţҶؾ쵽ԭȵǸ̬ӵڵȴ׳㽡׳м䵽Ϊʲô

ֻʵһߡҵˣ

ҵ۹ⶼϣҶ˵͹ȥֱӷɽ

Ȼ˵ӣǿԽ֮

Ҷǰһæʵβã

ȫͬԲضôϸһʱ䣬Ҵ岼һЩȻٴ⳯ɣ׸仯״

Ҷ֪ݵãһĿȻԶͷʹòˡ

˵Ѿָ࣬˵λѾ֪ˣղȻͷ֣Ҳо쳣λĻҲǰɣҪʲôҲ˵

ǶлˣҶһȭ

ѾܸоҶĲһϢϻϣܸоҶһе䣡

УѾ˶Ҷˣ԰ҶȻ

ǰ·鱦ճԶ·ԸֱӳǷȥ

ţһ˺ܿ͵ǣʮӴǼĴӽһǺӣ֪Ӵ̶ˣס

ħɽҪĴƣҲֵسѨ

޴󣬲򵥣Ȼ𺳣ϸϣ޴ؼһҲУȻּĴ棬һڵ޴ĶһǿԸƣͬʱҲԼ

ԣ޴ıǸʵĳѨ

һֱ뱦ˣﻹһС˵鱦ˣⱦʵһҲСħȻҪһЩ

һ·ϣҶ򿴵ܶණһֱҲ˲٣ﲻǴɽĳУֵʵձǿǿ˵ǵΪǱɢԼϵķϢ

ֶࡣҶע⵽ǳһȦޱ޼ʵĳǽ⡣ֹֵ࣬סȻĶѨɽеط֣Ȼסڲ֦ͷϡ

澰ʱɢ˰ҶעͬʱҶҲȻС౻Īʦֵץߡڻûء

һỹҪ鷳ѰˣҶѾ⡣

Ǻܿ鱦УҲһӣЩӲԲεģһȥĸֶжŵĺӣһ棬վŵĴ󣬰ѱӳϹţɺסһż쳯ϴŵȵȣһۿȥȫĶ

Щﲢǻأǵ̵ģҶһʱͿˣǶһʯأʯ̺˺ܾкôҶ˼ڵУ׳š

һ£Ѿһʯ˵СأҲˣҪĶ㿴ʲôû

ʱѾȫӸղŵʧ̬лָ˹ӹʯ鿴һ£üͷʱ˼¡ܾҲƵأ˵û⣡

ʯһУ˵մߵҪ󣬰Ѷȫ

ͬʱһɫӽУ飬ݵĴӣ¾Ϳ԰ЩĶҲó

ղŵһζݵĴͣѾо쳣˵ղŵǼʱ䣬ȻҪ˵ĸоǰҶؼƴϣҪȥˣ룬лǻһս

Ƭֱ£ҲߵһֵĵطһĽʩչʩչȻħĿ£ܵȻûʲôͻһЩ¾Ȳѡ

Ҷ֪ץݣҲ˵æ

ʲô飬ܷԸ԰Ҷص

һѣһޱߣǰץ˴ɽ°æѰһ£

˵꣬ҶС࣬˾֮ĪǮԶӰһһûͬʱҶҲ֪ļ˵ԸԼԼ֮Ĺϵ

ͷкҲһֱŰҶĽȥ죬ҵˣ

һӥһǣ׷Ѱĸ֣ǵ£ʺˣķԸֱӷɳ鱦·ȥ

Ҷޣֳ˳ԼԤϵıʣòȫӦԣѰСֻܰбˡ

ҶҲ̫żܻ˵ģοҶǹ棬汾ΪߣȻһЩط˴ǰҪĻǿҶĹϵ

û£Ҷ

Լƽ

ҲҶ˵Ҷ㻹Ǿһ°ɣ̫֪꣬飬Ҳܴõģ

Ҷûзͷ˵ӱõľ޳أҶԽȥϢ

˾ͷͳˣô˵ЦСϴƺҲûôõдҰ

ߡ˭ϲأ

ٺ٣ϲ⣿Ҫڻܽ

˾ưѹȳһͷХذһ㣬ζ˽ȥܸоѾϥʼ붨ˡ

ҶһӣС״˵Сף㵽ȥϢԼҪһ

СһֱڰҶϣǰӣǱˣֱӷ˽ȥҶܸоʮġ˻˻

Ҷ㳯һߵһȥ棬һ롣漴ı泩ĸоͬʱһֺͺˮΪΰɣãϢƽϢҶеؼкܺõá

ⲻǳʱԹ˲һʱ䣬ҶȻ۾б峺͸֮ǰҪ࣬˸߳һӰСٴеСϰϢСҲ治١

ЩӻĺأЩֵıԴҰ޵ı塣ӸպƽϢЩϢ˵ٺòˣ

Ҷš۾Ѿ˶˳۶ظֻǼߣϢƽࡣ

Ҷ㿴ȥǰ棬ԭȿһĵطѾعߣһγɡ

ݺֲܴڣֻæиƳģȻܸħɽϵǸȣһЩѾ㹻ˡ

˶һԾؿţҲڣݣβסǾ̾

һȥƽ̨һζʱһ˵߹ȻֶΣǿˣ

ΪطϱƣʵΪ߶ˣ²û㳤ּɶ칤ֶΣȻһԳľ

㳤һǺǣʵǴֲڣҲӦţӣжɡ

䡭

Ȼһζ⣬ǱַĹ⣬˳﹥ˣ

Ҷüͷһ壬ǶֶѰ

ֱȥҪһڿУڱĻ⣬ķֹ⼸Ȼ֣ðҶֵǣ⼸˵ʵǺܸߣҲǶɹνѣǴʱȴƵģһѪ۾ÿһνƴȫѪƵأ

ôĽɫҳаˣΪȻ˾ơ

ûзŭҲû˿еֻǸ̾˵ǻ֪ĳУÿһʱ䶼һЩ쳣ߣɥʧǣֻ֪ײϣҷӵʵҲԭˮƽˣҪôɱǣҪôǣɱĶ࣬ΪЩ˽ӴľˣҲ쳣

ǰ쳣ֵ߳ʱ䶼ܳ꣬һ꣬ԽԽ쳣֣߳ҲΣ

Ҷ˺ħĴߣһʱ뵽쳣Щ쳣йϵ

ץסǣҶ˵ҵһַȥ



һ߽ 򷲳

Ļ֣ǷⲻڣҶɵؾԽ棬ĽҲ˳ȥסһ쳣ߡ

쳣ǸԭȵˮƽҲͶɹĴνѣʱıȴȶɹνѵֻҪÿһιѻִϡ

ðź⣬ħͺɽƵģҶȴؿûħڵתĺΨһһǣЩתʵ̫ˣڵвԽԽҪըơ

ҶһʱҲ֮ԭ򣬱ýסԼǰһְֻϣڵҲӿ塣

ӿ˲䣬ҶͽȻһֵĸоԼƺһ˵壬һһĿռ䣬Ҫ۾ܿڵĻôΪ

ڰҶɻҲʱڵķɳȻˣ

ף

ɳǧ򻽶ʹû뵽ھȻԼˣ

ŷɳشڷɳ֮ǰЩɽʬһҲƮϣҶʩϵĽƱɳһɢ

ûнƵҪ뿪һƷɳճסˡȻˣȻɷɳȫһƬҳȼյĻ棬ת۰˸ɸɾ

ҶͫȴȻһ˿ȷʵǱյĻҷ𣬵ҶУȴһһ͸λתۣӺһڶۿҪȥɳѾһĹҲɳȼɢ

ûˣǸСڶҲˡƬطһƬƽʲôûһ

ڰҶĳʱѾվ˰Ҷߣ˷ɳڷɳһɴûеĸоֿη塢ž棬ֵĸоӵǧĿʼ

ûпӣҲûСڶһ쳣ȵ˵ղƺˣôתָֻˣ

ҶѣŸղŵ飬ȷʵˡʧʱȷʵֳһĴ

Ҷ⼸Ѿץס쳣֡˵㳯ǷȥɳҲԶɳЩ˹ȥ

쳣ڼߺͶʦǰƲʲô˻϶صĽƣҲ̾ѣǰ쳣ߣ쳣ͷۣǰ׻ɱץļһֻܽЩ쳣߲֪ΪʲôһĽûʲôЧÿҪʮַѾ

⼸쳣ת۱㱻ذãҲɳʱ˶۾һӿֱˣ

ûпɳʲô⣬֣Щ쳣ϵĽڷɳǰֽƵأһˣ쳣߸뷴㱻ɳסȻһƬɻҳɵĻѼ쳣յһɶ

ʱͷȻʹֻһ˲䣬ΪǴһԵʱҲüͷ

ôˣʵ

ղŲ֪Ϊʲôͷ͵һۣת۾ûˡشǸشʱЩսսԼǲǲþˣ绹ĻþĲӦãֲ˵ѣӲͷƤ˳

û뵽ǣĻһڣܵ˾Ȼʼ˵ԭǸղҲеͷ͵һۣ˲ͻָˣǶΪԼ˻þû뵽Ȼġ

㶵ؿЩ쳣ʧĵط૵ղͷ۵ʱƺ񰡡

Ҷ

˼ӣк֣Щɽʬ壬ôˣҪʲô

УǸɷɳɵȻƯ֮ǰѾ˴ӣȻʲôòҶѾоӦǸŮ˵壡

ѵɳҪػҵǸǰҶԺкȻͷ뵽ƺ̫˼ˣػԼǸǸɽ֣ɻҲ첻ɣ

ʱҶ뵽壬ȻԼڣƮûʲôҶܸܵģֻĲڲϼǿȴûѵ˼

ڵĻӦ֪һЩ飡

ţҶҡҡͷ̾ҲӦóʶˣ·ƺ̫ĶԼذ

ӣû°ɣʵ

û£㣬ݿ˰ɣҪЩҾɽҪЩĻǿܾҪٲˣ

Ѿˣӣҽ㻹

Ϊʲô

ڣԸֱۣȫؿɽƣһȥĻЩƬ棡

ôһ˵ҶҲе˵ȷʵˡǸԸɣ

УһЦʱЦûжģȴ˼Ȼ

쳣߱ɳһɨգȻڷɳû˵ʲôҲûжིʲô㿪ʼԸݵж

ħħħʸϡˡͨصԭСϣ϶Ƶƣƣ鱦ڵγɹ֮ƣݻ仯

ǧݡ桢˾ơ㻹аҶǧݺ͹汾ΪǺܸߣֻǱЩ֣˾Լһǵ顣ǧݺ͹Э

ڰҶʱ̹۲ݵı仯ʼϢܲܲʲô

ԣҶĹɵһȻһСߣһһ޾鱦УǸƽ̨ʱ̿ƮĻɫϢ



ɢԼԽԽӨС֣̾ΪԽԽߣȴƺԽԽСˣ

ȻһЦ֪عͣˣҲϢһ°ɣ

˵ĲǱˣɻץ壬屻ɻýƽסˣ˰򿪽⣬ʲôҲˣԣһֱΪ˵ȴǳøֲӦ

ĻӦޣҲ΢һЩ߾һЩûʲô̶˼죬ܻûǿĲӦԼԲŸȡô֣ʼʱ÷ǳҵĲӦ˼ǲ⣬ȴΪܸˣҲʵˣ

ò˵ڴͨȻǿƣҪɻԼ֪Ҫܴͨڣ̶̵ʱ˳Чǧ꣬ͨˡ

ڣͨѾԽԽһͷӿû°빦ɻ⴫ʵͻͽڣȻԪӤڣɹνѵ߶ӦòĶˣ

ڣһεϣкϢһᣬ׳һ仨ֱȥ⻨һԶȥһƬصԼϢĵطǸ˽ͤ

Ҹ㵯Ӱɣ

Ƕ仨ʯϣ˫ϸţ漴ֵʣ۾Ҳ㶵ؿǰ棬ƺ

ӣӰҲؿԼ١

Ҷ硭



Ҷ鱦˼죬ϵҲ˱仯ݵرԵɫϢƮһݺύĹ߻˵Һʹħǵ̽ܿ죬ò˶ãͿԷ쳣Ľ紦ɡ

ȻҶ֪ҪҶȴôҲظϵɽΪľץʱ䡣ڣȻʲô鶼ɲľ

Ҳһǳȥ߰ɣܲܲЩʲô

⣬ҶȥС״ʱǸ˯ҶûнǼȥǵط鿴ˣҲţı仯ʮ⣬ҪɢĻܴ

Ҷʱǧ֮ǰ˵ĻΣղ۵СشڣΣǣ԰Ҷʱ̶עţ쳣쳣ĴڸĹ

鱦Ҷֱ˲Ƶ棬ĻֶһҲûСٴγʱѾ˳ĻǺӱϡ

⻤Ǻһ޼ʣȷ˴Ĵ󽭴Ҫֺ޴Ķ࣬ҺлˮסҲػǵΡ

ҶһɨȫӡУ⣬ûʲôֵעأҲûʲôĵص㡣ЩäĿĴš

ܿ죬ҶԶһСǡȷʵǸСǣ뷲ĳв࣬¥ֵƺ̣Ҷ֣ﲢûзˣеȻֻ֡

ҶΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳Լ߻ûŨŨԼΪȥжɹνѵӣȻ˲˹ȥֱԽǺӣǸɽߵСڳǱߣҶע⵽һʯдţǣ

ǣУȷʵ˵ĳǳأҶ˵

һ·ЦŽӵǳûҲ𣿡

ҶκȻȷʵкܶʵôڡ

ֿҶ㵵飬Цֵ˰ɣһεĳ

Ҷ˵ǲǴɽΧͷϡ

ĳУķǣסض֣עߣΪ˸һ֮أԾ˷ǵĴڣ

Ŷ⵹ȫҶԤϣ⣬ǲǸԼһ

ҶܸȤӣ˵ֵҪʶʶȥˣ˵ʵ۸۸⣬ûʲôĵط

лָ̣ҶѾȤʱҲûʲôҪȥԼҲ⣬뿴Щͬġ

˵գֵ𣬰Ҷֱ߽˷ǡ

УҲɽʲߣȱݵȻҲ٣ⷲĳǵĻ£Ҫȴɽط̫ƽĶ࣬ЩƵֶۼҪһƽ

ȻҲָ۸ǣЩֶ֪أֳֻҪһҲ͹ȥˣ泯Ϧֱ˼ɾ

ҶȻһɨգûôĴţɽǳء

ȻҶǰ洫һѰȥֻһȺΧڽֵϣԶľ¥¥ҲͷֵϿ˺¥ϵ˲ǺɤӣԵú˷ܡҶѾɨ˹ȥƺڴܡ



һŰ˽ 

ȺУһСӣǸոջε󾫣Եг룬󾫴ʱܶЩ֣ýţǴЦţＫ³

Ҷûǰܣڹ۲ֻ󾫣֪Ϊʲô󾫸ĸо֣˵֣Ʋ۾

˺ð죬Щ˵ַйˣﳤȥЩֵҲɢԵ飬ڷоɼΪִ̫˲ƣ

ûʲôɫ־ΣҲƽˮһչӣϱߵĵطЩĵվ

ϵǣһֺֻȻס̧ͷȥһ£ģİҶһЦſ

лл󾫵ЩɳƣҶлҪ뿪

Ҷ飬ƺԼ̸˵λֵܣҸǣܶ鶼ֵ֪֪ܿɷҵ򵼣ҿԸֵܱꡣ

󾫻ͷ˰Ҷһۣܸʲôꣿ

ֻҪģҶóһŷԵ𣡡

󾫲ʶȴܸоزʶġ˿ڿˮ˵ãҴӦ㣡

ҶѰ׹˵ǷʱԣֻҪ΢һ¾ˡ

˰ҶĻֱӰѹӶ׽¶泩飬˺һᣬҶһ񣬵лˣ

ýдˣҽаҶֱӽҵ֡

ңһǽа״磬ɺã

ҲУ

ջε󾫣

ҿɲƽϵģֵܣǸҽһЩǰɣ

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Ҷһ𣬶̶̵ĶԻУҶѾȻΪǳȴûЩֵı΢෴Ҷ̬иеһΪλߵϢҪǰҶҲû˵ѣҶΪһֹװġ

Ҷ۲ֹ۲죬ûзʲô˵ĵطţԸ°ɣ

ҲֻܹڣһԸˡ

ǿȥСȣʵϣⷲǺܴ󡣱ȰҶ֮ǰǸʳǻҪһֵ¥ص̡¥ùҽݣ֮Ķֱ֣شûʲô

˰죬ŰҶߵ˷ǵģһĹ㳡㳡һ޴ÿʱỵ̈ɢŨȻϲʲôɾͣЩǵٻǺõġ

ˣǸֵϣЩΪʲô㣿ҶȻʵ

¶ЦݣȴǿЦεζҵȱݣֻΣԺн֮²ŵⷲǣ밲˶Ȳ룬֡˻֣֮ʱܷģҲϰˣ

۾м㳡С۾﷢ŹâһѹֵĹâﲨӿȴһ̰ӵסö

һֵ󣬰ҶҲе;죬˵ȷʵ˹άջΣһɹζʱȴɢһòȫ෴ϢðҶ뵽һʡ

Ϊߣû𣿡Ҷѹеɻʵ

ǺǣѾˣ

Ѿˣ

Щ˲޹Ҳ磬йе򣬲ǵ㲻ǷˣԣΪǸķǴŴţҲûȤζ´οңֵ¶ûˣ



˵˵Ҷȫסˣ˰ΣŹЦȻЩᣬȴʧΪһ

Ц󣬰Ҷ泩࣬ĸоҲ˼֣˵֮ǰ鿴ϵ⣬˵зʣ㻹Ϊ𣿡

ǰһܸҵ壿

а˳ɵİգ˵Ϊȥ𣿡

¶һ˿ϲ˵ΪҵΪֻ֮𣿲ǵģҵλãλϣľΪ˸ıǮҿʽҲͱˣΪ㲻ʺң

ĻҶӿǿҵعҲˡʱּ޵ʹг죬Ϊľ쿹Ϊľ֪֮䡣˵ʵûʲôһУ춼úõķܲܵõҪԼı£Ҫز죬Լ

˵˶ȴм

Ҷ̾һ

״Ϊ̾Ϣ

ҶһЦ˵ң

ҶϻûȫɢʱϢȫޡȥһһ

һ㶣ȻɻǹΪǱǣ

о⣬޷תǸ̥Ҷû˵塱

˰ҶһᣬȻҡͷЦ˵һǲ磬缴Ƿ̥ղǻûˮƽѾǳ߳վǳͷ˵ˣ

Ҷû뵽ӻתô죬Ц˵ҲԼ·ΪԼֻҪгͷӵġ



ΪȻ˵Ҳҵ

˻࿴һᡣȻ󶼹ЦڤڤС֮һĪĬ

뿪мĹ㳡һȥʱܵضȸղŵ̬ˣԼҲúܾȣһİ˾Զ֮ԼȻ԰ҶôкøУҶº͵Ϣ˵ˣκ˶׽ɣ

˺ֵܿһС㳡ǰ㳡ûȴһɽɽɲǷʯͷһʵط

˷־ͽмɽӳǣܱǧĴɽѹɷġ

ǼɽС㳡лСʯͷЩСʯͷǺƽʯͷûʲô֮ǴڵĿľǳõأɽõġ

һСʯͷ˵еҲ۶ħֻǴɽЩ֪ĴڣԶٲЩûõĶⷲеһһ

ҶҲһʯͷ˵ܿܿмͷģ

һƨȥʯͷӳȥ˵ҲʯͷʱܱǼɽа״İæɣԼأܲܳɹδ֪ġ

ǺǣҪԷƱ˶ʤ죬Ƿ˵ĺԣ

ҲһЦȷʵģȥķ˵磬δ˼ʮ꣬ڷˣҿǾĺܣ룬Щķ۶ħߴɽҪеͷˡ

ȷʵˣҪҲô򵥵ģ̣Ƿ˵ĴϻֻۣٲĻᣬҲһɣ

ͷ죬۾ˡ

ҶʯͷеţҲһֳ˼

ֻһᣬҶ͵һͻеʯͷҲ漴ȥҶ۾ʱĴģһؿµһƬʯͷ

һһľһʯ޲һӳȻ

˵ģڣҶĲˣʯͷ̺ȹ쳣᧿Σ

Щʯͷڣ˵ӦùΪȴֲ̬أ

ҶлûףʵʯͷУ֯һֲ̬ǿʤбȹ̵ڸǵƣҪǰҶһʱܷ

ţҶʼɨˣܿ죬ҶһɣԽƽͨĶֲ̬ԽԽַӯĶȹ̵Խ࣬ɽ̺Ĳ̬·׺һڣҪҰҶҲѰң֣ᷢ

ˣҶȻЩˣһվ૵ԽƽĶԽĻҲԽܷӦЩʯͷв̬˵ʵҲǲ̬ģֻǱȹ̵ڸˣԣΣɢǱҪҪģ

һʱ䣬ҶѾͨࡣ

״磬ղ˵ʲôһԵҶ쳣֪ʲô

ҶֺȻ뵽Ҫһȣǻ̽ɣ̬ƱظͶֵĻܴ󣡡

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ǺǣҿûзӣҲǷˣҲķǳأзӵ˺٣Ҹطһ£ǹһʱԵ㶫ˡ

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˵ûзӲ˵ӲãûбҪзӵһ㶼ΪǳµģҪ֤棬ģȻҲҪӣûеĻҲûʲô

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ҰҰû˿ϵȥһ湫ӣڰҶϣòӢļһĳȴһࡣ

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ΪǰΪһרƵľʯϣΪǷ׳һΪҪһʮ

ΪڷǴڵģߵ磬΢е˶ͶķĳЩ˵ǷǳõģЩĸòţһЩҰȴļһȴִ˲ƣ

ҰΪپˣű˹׵ΪӲذԼΪ࣬ҲԽԽԣԴҲǸȤȻǺзִģϾǿҲֻСѡ

ҶҰĻҲܲµһЩ⣬ҲҰڵΪ£ȻȥܸˣȴȣǿйȥᷢԭȵΪһ

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ĲߣҰ΢΢̧ţĿȴû˿ӣҶһԶܸоԽԽһñӵҰǲԾغһ

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û˵ֱǰһҰһ

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ҶһԿľ棬ͬʱҲžȺɻΪ֣ߣȻȹ̵һӱ˿ˮ

ѵҲйأҶв²ţͬʱҲǲʲôֶΡ

ҶֶΣΪ֪ǿ϶ֶΣóĻҲ˵һǧ˰ٵֶΡ

Ҷǰסƽ˵ֵܡۻǲҪһʶ

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ҰȴƬ̺Цֵܣ

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ڸղһ˲͸еˣȻñԪƴǿڵľڣֻһ㡣ҲҪܵش

˭֪ҶĻ䣬ȴȻûµģ

ȰҶٴ赲ĹѾˣԪȻڵؾȻǿޱȣС֣ĹҲҪΪǿΡ

䡱һĽƴ˳ȥܵǴ벻һӱ˳ȥǸ׵塣һӵ˳ȥݺݵײںǽϣ˽ȥ

ҶûбĿǺǿģæǰס˵ôô嶯֪бأôϱԪˣ

Ҷִߣ߷ȴǴŹģиóһ̲ɹҪι¡

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ЩƮǱȻġ

ԶָҶһ㶣ǰѹӲУ˵᲻ָڶȥҰ

ɷ˵أҶѾʼ˽ƣʼǹӡ

ʼûӣ˿̹ӵУȻȻɹȸղŵķҪ߼Ķ࣡

ʱҶڰҲܷģæ۾񣬰ѹɢ鲼ȫ塣

ֻƬ̵Ĺ͸еղʧȥһػˡ

ܵЩֱͻȻһɢȴû˵ǣǣֱӴǽ߳Ҳϵػҳֱӳŭ졣

򣡡Ǳ˵Ҳ任ǿĽơ

ҶͬȻϵϢԼ־ۼĹȫɢֱӰǽ

ָе˰ҶϢһסˣȻ׷¶־飬غˣҶûᣬ㶼˫ȣת˸ûӰֻð亹

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㣿Ҷһְɹһۿǡ

һΪһ϶Լģ˵ΪǿԼĳҲɱ㣬಻˼꣬ҲԼҲ

ҶڲɱˣĽƣǿԼܶˣæҶһ񣬵лǰ

ȻԼٶ뿪ˣҶԭΪԼΪû뵽Ȼôˡ

ˣע޸ˣ

ߵһȺ֡Ҷʼרİɹ

һᣬĿʼˣʣµؾͿԼˣҶȴͣٴ¶ȵɫΪڵУһۣĵıԪڼٻָò˶ãͻָˣ

Ϊʲô

ҶãϵܺԼࡣ

ʱ۾Ҷ˵״硣ɹȻû뵽ҵΪȻ˾

ҶҸҸطú˵һͻĽٽһ

ʲôط

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ڷҲʶһҶҲĶٹȥҲûʲôֱͬӴ˲ȥ鱦

Ҷֱӽ鱦һ˫۵һԲۿ״磬㡭

ֻܽ𣿡ҶЦʵ

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ңҲҪһʱɣȻôӦˡ

Ҷ˦˦ͷʼ鿴ݣϵһֱʾţû©κϸڡ

ϣǵĶܿЩɡ



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ҶһӴӴƱ˽䱸ƣڵķɳҲڵһʱ˳ûһƬʵı

ͬʱܾȻʼһ˿˿ĺɫ𻨣ǷţܵҲһرңɢһ޵Ϣ

Ҷʶسݿȥֻݵģһɵع㣬ϣԽУԽңھȻҫ۵Ĺ㣬ҵʲôزͿ֪ˡ

һͻȻʣðҶûʱ˼ɳûӦʱԼ˳ȥذɳһҲ

һֱ˯޵СסಡĴǴɳֱӶҶҶĸоȫڷһ㡣

Сףô£ҶʵָСֻ֪ʶʻ

Сȴ˻ӦһɾҵĲҶУ˼˵ΣգΣգҪˣҪˣҪˡ

ڰҶС״ϢʱһɲԺУɲϢֻһҶӦһ£֣ⲨȻǷɳԼģ

ҶҲܲ˶ˣǰֲ֪ʲôæʩչ˷ɳС׿Ҷ㲻ضڰҶ·ܰҶһ㰲ȫС

ɳܸӣҶʩչ鶼;ϣһЩںε־Ҳʧˣֿʼʩչġ塢飬ֱ߱飬ſʩչΧѾԽԽˣɳҲԽԽȥҲصҵˣ



һУһæ˲Ƶһطһƽֱǽڣʣһⲻʱ֣ӸЩ

ȿһԽԽĹâ¶ϲɫͿʼȼհɣЩǷոɾһΪǵɱ⣬ããˣ





ҶеĽƴ˳ȥٴľǣеӴһӿĹâ˳ȥֱӷǰһƬ

ɳȻɢһƹâԼڣҶâֲϷɳλãЩɫĻʱҡв㣬ʼСϨޡ



ڶ ֻ֮

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Ҷִֵش˼૵ôᷢ飿

ӣԭȵһֱЩﾲ޵ƺ˹ȥҲֻСڵһʱ˳

һ⣬˳ЩãԴĴš

״磬ղŷʲôôоƵģ

۾ŰҶɻʮԡ

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ҸоԼ飬зģжģħģдɽģƺֻһ˵˵ţʼɢƺֻȥˡ

Ҷϸ۲һûз֮ǰʲôͬڵɹҲûȫգȻɢ屾ĽҲȻڣղŷһжûκκۼ

Ӧûʲô¡ҶҲ֪˵ʲôΪȷʵ֪Ϊʲô󾫴֪Χ

ҲƺԼ˻þħЦԼˡĺܺãҴûõػһȥʱҾ͸оޱȣˡ

ȷʵؾѳֵܼȻЩӦľȻٽȥ



ǣ˶㲻״״̬£ֻȶɹ

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˰ɣһΣڶΡǾͻеĴΣ䶼ճɻҽ

Ȱߴͱջأȴһ쳣޵Ůվһԡ

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ŮȻޣȴûʲôȻľٶЩ䣬ƽȥɹƽĴ˿еĸֺܶ࣬ȴоųɶġֿ˿ߵһΡһˣ򣿡

ʣЦӾþ򣬳ɽ籾壬˽ⲻɡ

û˵ʲôҲʲôʾ

˵ǰﻹǸ֮أɵҲ仯޴󣬳ɽ縣أ·Ҳ׷ǰȥڵͬʱҲԼķ䣬µ˷ɽ磬ԽԽ󣬲ʱ䣬ǸȴԽԽή

˵ķֻ֮һڣⷲҲȻǿΪأΪǹģǳּѣڷ䣬ȴ׾٣˷䣬ȻܵӰ죬ʱٳ֣Ͳôˡ

Ҫ˵ֹЦ˵֪Ҫʲô˵ꡣ

ʣȻôҪΪʲôȴ

ǺǣҲʵ㣬һǱΪձģǾ棡

򲢲۸ӣɽԭ潻Ҫ˼䣬϶ʧԣܱʧͱʧЩǲײĲģ

⣬ȻҪЩȴٻȥΪȥ֮ǵΪ𣬶һЩʵǿĸ֣мڻȥ

֪ǻ˷䣬ǿҲûʲôţäĿţż㷲ˣܵӰҲޣԣҲ

Ȼƽ˵˵Ҳ뵽һЩ޷˵һƬɢɳӣǲܰﵱ忴ҿһɢɳǵʵƺҲѵõʲô

ӣܶǲ֪ģΪǵʵ㿴Щ𣿹ڸһλѡ

ȳǰһָǰһƷһ죬ȻһӰԶӰһ߽Գòһֵ֣ЩֲϡԵЩӷףͷһ˫ԲԲش֮⣬ϵλþȻȫС֣ȥ˴ĵ׷顣

Ҳüͷ壬ľϾܸߣܿͶԴ֮˵֮ˣ

Ƶ˷ٺٵЦˮ

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ȺǺ˵ˣӣҶӦɻ֮٣ΪԺλʶʶ

۾ִԲûͫףֻгĺɫˮɫʲô˼ٺٵЦСӳ˸еΪֵİ⣬һݡͷ˶ɰˮ磿û˵ԳƽҲڼģһΪߵʵǲô

ȿвûжٱ仯˵ӣ˽ˣǻѵģݣС֡

⻰ӵ΢˱䣬ܿͻָƽȻˡҶˣȻɻг׼Ҳᾡĵģȸˣ

˵գ޵תš

һԵĽתʧˣڵĴ۶˶˵ֵܣӵı¿ɲСʲôûеȻûˡ

Ǻǣˣӿɽԭ壬Խһ֮Ȼ˵á

ȵ䣬ǽһתһߣֻ΢һһ˽

ǳȻǽһ񣬵ˣ

΢΢һЦҲˣڴãҪһá

ŶҪþܷԸԵúܹ

֪һλר޻ӡظ֣ȥһķ䣬ɽңȹɱû

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Цѹι⣿ܵģΪȻߣʶȴ޵ģܶණ֪֮ڣ˵ɱǾʹû֣

ʲôɱȻӵù˷ۣ

ⱦɲʲô֮Ӧһҡꡯɱǧǰʧءֻء

˵ꡱʱ뵽ˡֻءȷϺ󣬻ǾȵŴֻͣأ

ȵӣʵɱƺ˲ӡ

Ǻǣֻ˵׼ҵҪǿЩֱֻ꣬Ӱһɢˣ˵˵

⵹ýȲѣֱɢһ磬ɻҲɣû뵽һɱȻˣæ˵ȻⱦôҪȥɣڻӡ֮ҲͨһЩ

ҡҡͷУ㹦̫ߣֻصķĻᱻɱģ¹ȻҲܸߣȴûдﵽֻطҪ󣬶ңʱ䲻ȣȥףȴպá

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ǲǶЩ׼ʵ

ҡҡͷûõģֻزѰɱλɻͻȻģȻɻҲ޴Ѱҡ

⣬ֻزѰƷĻңҲײݡЩҲ׵õǿҲûá

һǵõأڷ䲻һҶ𣿡

ЦûõģֻؼȻ챦Ͳôõģ֪Ǵɢһ磬ֻ׼˶𣿡

Ȳ֪

ֻ꣡شӿʼ׼һܹ꣡

ꣿǲЩˣɻ˵һ磬ʱ䣬ԼҲɡ

ǲ׵ģɻ֮Ҫõ˲õ⣬Ϊⱦȷʵǿ󣡡

˶ǽˡҲ֪Լ粻ҲûӴֻءȻҲٶ˵ٻԼǸƾ˲ǲ



ʱһζҶ˼죬Ҳڵȵݱ仯ӣ쳣ȹӵĵطԭȣҶΪһνݵĹ򣬲ϵģμȻһ۾ֽܿ磬ԣǼȥ̽ĸҲֻҪֽ̽һͿˡ

ȴðҶеͷۣȹ̵ǲ̬߽ڽƺˮһǽӴȻȴͺˮһı仯ΪΣ

ҴҶȻôıʣǧǰ˵ǵΣԭ򣬵ѵ

ҶһԳԴϴͻ¼һ״ҲûðҶΪǷǲԼĻ󣬶ҲָԭӣǺ֪Լ˹ȥƵġ

ɽһлǶֶѰ

Ҷ벻ףԲ룬˶ҪɢԭΪΣɢ˹ȹ֮ʱٵɣ

϶ǿȴòˣ

ֹһµʱ䣬ѲˣðҶȵǣҲܣף˵ϣɢȰˣæΪĸʵ̫ˣǼҪ˵ĸоܡ

ȥ̽ѰħҲˣֻ̽ӵĵطʾı仯Ҳ

¾ۼһտʼȣһ

ҶѼ᳹ɢľ˵ʱҶûзԣ£ͬʱ˵ȸǡǶЩǱﻹҪľؼǰ׻׻ʮֱ壬ĳǳڣطǿػȽϰ⣬طֶǲ̡ܽŰļһ

˵£µ£˭ҷֱӳ־ˣ

վڶԱߵĻħ˵⻰ҽ飬ҪֵĻǼħͷɣӦЩЧ

ô˵ЦҿǰͲóְɣģ׻ʱֶԸֻһԿš

ħҲЦ˵ģ׻ʱϣҲˣٽ֡

ԪôûϾ˵Ļ

㣬һ֪֮ģǰ׻ͬһĸ֣ҿҸ߳ܶ࣬Ȼûʲôˣ

Ҳ΢΢ЦҶ˵Ȼ˾Ǿȥ׵ĵط㶨Ȼһȥ׻ǣʩѹܲ򣬻ǲĺã



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֮󣬰ҶֱһȺȥȸǵǰҶһ侲ṩģھ޺кôҶѾɾƺɹһһЩϣԸʣܼС

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͵ǴӳǳصĻǺӴʼģΪ⴫·ϵˮ

͵󣬰Ҷһˮϣˮʱ羵һ㣬ؿˮеԼȻһ˫롰ӡУ뾵һԼһصֱȫʧ

ʧǱһ½ͨԿһͷĹﲻܷɣҲ˲ƣʹκηֻýŲһسǰߣ˶û˵˴ɽˣҲ˾ơ߹͵ҲںĴš

Ҷһ󣬱·Ļһˡջעʼ˼顣

ħءҶһֱΪɽҪһǴͳһ־Ǹһѡ

ڣĴͳѾӴˣǡѡû֡Ȼ֪ɽûбѵҶȻҵģ쳣ѾƵˣѵɹܲ˶٣ֱʹǿӲֶΣ

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ڴϡĳǻ϶ֻ࣬ϸвͬɫǣɫȸȴΪɫɽĻɲΪģʺֲ

ȸǳ˻ɫЩ֮⣬ҲǶ࣬ЩҲΪСɵֺֻͣ޴ؽࡣ

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ƺһǧûˣôпգôѡ

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ѴӰҶõϢһЩͬʱӼµˮһˮ׵ʯͷȸϸĶʯͷȻƽ

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ʰ׹ӣɢҪʱֺʱָܻ

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Ҷѿ棬ֳһòˡòͨҲʮͨΪҲͶɹνѵӣϳһȸ⣬˵ûκĶ

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ʱ߽áǰȫһ飬۶ħظ֣һֱϢӦҲʲôۿϷȸе

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ȸ˿ԱߵذҶֿ˿ˣ˵鷳

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ˡһƿѪ˿ĳǹ󣡡

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ȸǸƽˣ˵ɣǵϳ

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Ҷһ˵˵ڵһ˿ˮ֮ԿͬΪˮ

ȸнӹƣɽֶģֶ÷ַǽⲻģ

˵ţѾΪϴζԿĪͻ䣬лɽ͸ѾһգЩʱҲֻۼһ㣬ʩչҲֻոչá

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ȸȻ˾ҲûʲôģָۼڿлʱһӰˣһȥܷεģڽš

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ˣҶʵ

ˣǶߣϻЩӦҲһ

˿ˣ׷ҡͷжɹߴνѵΪڶ϶ҲǸȴûˡ

ҶԺȴ뵽һˣǧ巵ɳʯǣǸȥСĪʦ֣

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УǸǧ˵ġнѡһֱǰҶеĸ񣬲֪ΪǵʲôʱŻᷢ

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ȸһȾһΪҶվһͳһ󣬱ȥǣһ׼봫͵ʱǴ͵ȴǵʹߣ

ʹǸСɵŮţָҶС

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䵹֪ȾҲǾڣȻþǧΪ˲ò

ҶŸһԵ˿ȸ̾Ϣһ˵䵹ĺݰ

ЦˣĺݣýΪҲȥܰѷ𣡡

˵µӢۣɽռȫˣǱͶȴԵòˣ

ȸЦħô˵ɷҲǧŮҿĺܰڵΪ֪еļѵģȻǵһͬ׹ģȲϰ

ȱݣ˵زȷʵǧѣֱȻ

˾ƹЦˣλɲǻʱҲ˼ǧ꣬ȴǵһֻ棬µۼһɢʱ򣬵׻Ǹʲô龰붼Щڴ

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ǰ̬˱Ŀĵط˰׻ǣǸСŮȥˣҶһ̤ϴ͵ʼ׻Ǵ͡

ʱңңʣƵȻΣѣϲ쳣ȻྻһĿռһɫĻð˳˻ǵֽȼš



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Ǵɽĳҵһǳأйصģ磬ɱˣ

Ҫɱ˵Ļȥ䳡б½аɱ֮ӹľٶȻᱻȺ֮

ĹصǱ䳡ɱųƬϣһİ˵ﻹǺƽģ·ϣܸоַǷ

ҶǴӴ͵Ϊ˲һЩ˵ע⣬ȫûģΪҲ⣬ȸ˷ֱ֣ħĴǺͶĸɢһȥûʲôȴ𣬶ҶԼ֣ϴȥһԼһָ֡

һˣҶСߣжǧݡ桢ʸϺ˾ƣħħ㣬ħ֣ȣħ˶ͻħԪȸ£ܹʮһޣڰ׻ĻǺԳӰ

׻ǣ۸Щ䵥֣ҶȺֵˣǵģһܵ˺ˮµһЩˮ嶼ʶض㿪İҶǻˡ

ҶȻûаܵ˷ϡȸǰ·βû֪ͨ׻ҪԼ׻

Ҷؿʼɨӣصͷڳеİ׻һƬƽԭϵغȺǻƽݻ̨ͤ¥ɽˮӳټЩŨŨֱɾˡ

Ҷûҵʲôû׻ӰȻû׻ʶȸҳͬرĴڣϧ׻ﲢûʲô֮

ڰҶɨ޹ʱһִԶ߹ְҶʶ£ǰųȥѰС֣һΪӥ

ȻҲûϳҶȺȻǰס漴ݣæ

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ˣǱѾټ֪Ϊʲô˰׻֮ȫʧȥǴȥ˽ģû뵽˴ˣ

Ҷæʵ֪ľݶ˵

ҶСĪǵѾúˡҲ֪С˵ʱ۾ɻ󣺡ҷСʱһһԶԶأСǮԶ˵ĹϵȥٳֺͱٳֵӣȥͬеĻ飬ұȥܿ죬ǵϢȫʧˡ

Ҷüͷʵʧĵط

ǰ׻һҺͨľ¥ϸ鿴ûзƴ֮Ķһֱ䱸ţҲûоҵ

ǮԶΪ˰µĽƣԭȵˣǵӿ϶֮ǰͬԣҲϲǮԶСôǮԶߵôȥͬеͬ飿

С᲻ᱳԼҶȻûϸеĸоܣСԲᱳԼСΪԼ¿ʼͳĸоһֱУû

ҶػѾϸѰˣԲﶼ£ܿܿǣһʱҲۻˣСൽ

ȻҲСӰӣҲѰϢҶֻգ鷳ѰҰɡ

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Ȼ֪ҶݣƺҲҶģһССȻҪֶһ񣬱㷵ȥ˰׻ǵһߡ

תۼҶǼ׻ķߣ˵Ľų̿죬ܿ͵˰׻⣬и߸ߵĳǽǽϻѲߵȥ·𷲼Ļʹһ

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˾ҲǺЦֻϻǳĻܣǰһӣҶΪĴУܲز

׻ǿ𣿡ҶʵղȷʵмӣȴûΪˣǰ׻һɣ

˾ƻشˣ˵׻ǲͬȥͨͨûʲôġ

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ҶҲ֪֮ô˵ȷʵоһɼǿΪʲô󷨵ԭȴǰ׻Ϊ

⵹ҲһеķҶ̾ûְ׻˵Ĳ֪ǼƽƽȻһ



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Ҳ˱ˣЩΪ˰׻˵ȷʵƤӵµ飬ǰҶļеһ

Ӵſؽۣȥ̬ʮ㣬ǻһֱ۾ȻȻûһֱΪȴˣֻΪܵ󷨿ʼתһֱ˳Ļת۱ĸɸɾ

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ʲôûûУͱˣȻ˵š

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ȸ׻Ӧǲ뾪ˣĵ㣬һ飬ǽӽȥ

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ҶϹâ˸ת۶ָ˱壬СҲӰҶǻۺеϢɢð׻۾һȻжĺޣ

ȸҶʱǰҶˡ

Ҷǰɽ׼ҰҶ

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Ҳģ׻ǲԽԽңΪʲôأΪһЩˡܲ˰׻ȥǣһЩˡĳǳмѣȻȺ۶̾ӣ

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׻ĺһŭ飬Ҷ֪֮ǰֶ׷ˣ¹Լ棬׻һҲˡ

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˶Ҳ֪һЩеص㣬ħӣЦ治ףҲûô

˵ʲô׻裬Լ֪Ҳǰ˵ڣڰ׻Уû

׻鷳԰䵤㣡

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ŮӺòׯţ˫ǰ棬Ӵܵ͵ĵطһͷͷҲϡ

ȸŮӣ˹֣㣡

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˵˵ͷȻȻ׻ô׻ҵ䵤ĴΪҲ׻ָģ

׻ҲˣüͷҰҰɵأ˵ɶû˵һ˫ĴţӲ֪θúá



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䵤ı鵤ֵͬڵһ޵壬㻹де׻ɢ˹䵤ĻȻΪֲͬЩ⣬Ͽֲ󲿷ɢĴ

һԼҪͷʼˣǾǧΪɲס

׻ΪѣԥʱһϸƾԼģԼ˵㣬ܱôʲôٺ٣ɱǣ㲻Ͳ÷ˡ

˶ûзԴҶҲʲôûо֮ǰȫһƾճֵġ

ȻһֱڰҶڵ˵ˣӡ֮һֲٿ˵ķˮֵֶΣСģ

ˮǵ帽Ǹڵ磬԰Ҷ˵ʱĻҶȻ뵽ֻ赲Լǰ档

˵ꡰСġ֮󣬱ûҶ֪϶򵥣žۼ˵һ仰ԼҪСˡ

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ȴûʲôӡ֮غۼǰҶˣ׻һ˫۾ԽԽâΪϵ͵عغ˼ڶǰ棬űļˡ

ٺٺٺ١԰ɱǣûˡɱǣɱǡ

׻ԭȻЩԲһӱõͳܵ˼ȫüͷ

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˶ҶЩ˶˼ǧˣ־鶼Լḻʱֻ

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Ůһһˮ죬ذ

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ڣҲ֪ȷʵЩŵҲ΢䱸ЩһĴڣȻǲмġ

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Ĺ˰ʱȱһ͸ıУ񲻹⺮䣬ллܣһ鲼Уûѡ

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˵ҲҪ꣬ǧ˵ĶԣȼڣҵĸоҲã

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Ҳܣʲôû˵ǲ˵ǲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôΣǧ˵ǸȻ᲻ʱ䣿

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ϢϡȻǾۼĹǹֹһ֣õⱾˣҲ͵õмй׻ĸͲˣȻţЦȴԶĵط

˵ȻѾ˵ʲôˣ϶˵õعУȻһɳ졢°빦аħħͷҲţʲôаȻҪ᣿УʲôȻôԼɱԼ

˾ȻҲˣߣ£Լ⣡

ٺ٣ǵ˽̫أ֪Υ֪֪ͣԼٲ޷˵ˣ˵һĺļһ֣

ȹЦţҶȴȫѰ˵ĹˣЩϸеһ޵Ϣ⻹ڽ롰״̬¸֪ģѭɵϢ

ҵϢԴڰ׻ǵĵ°һ֣Ķ

֣ȻһȺ˻㼯Ҳ˵ЦسߵĻǺȥҲˡ

Ҳ֪ЩôĹ˸ûӦǡҶ۾˵Ҫɱȥֹ

һ㶣һӦ˲ʧڰ׻Ǳ棬ȷʵѾˡȴоʲô

𡭡ſߵ쳹أƬͣ˽Ųһֱ˵ЦЩӲƺʲôһ

ʱˣ˵ǵĻǱסˣҲǼ򵥵Ŀ֮ҽⲻˣ

ڱħУԻóǸкߵļһѾ硣ȥ˱𴦣ش߶ó

ҶҲ˲˹ǰͣЩ֣һʱҲʲôû죬ţ϶а취

ΣħʸϺͻħû˲ƹǱȣ취Щֻеӡǣͣ£ѾǼˣЩ

޲ʱһҪҪҰæ

дѹȡ

ҶϢֵˣһ۾ϳϵϢԼ֮ǰѰҵϢǸҲ˿ƵЩ֣

ɳʯǣҶЩҧгݡ

Ҳڵһʱ쵽ʲôϢðؼһŭĿӡ

ɱǣȸ۾ǻ档

ɳʯǶ˶ӡңЩ˶ɱأЩҲɱ

˵գһ֣ЩססѹϼŽӲЦݣ̸ЦسǺӶȥ

ǣô˵ЦҲʣ£ȫޣôõĽѷǲǵõ𣿡ɳʯӢ쳣˵ʲô΢һ

ƨȸȷѣֱСС𻯳ɺɫĻˣɳʯǡ

ɳʯȴ¶ЦǰһҪǷˡ

ɳʯǣȥֻжɹٵΪҲ磬ڣȸĹȻһ˿Ҳûãʮ㣿

ȸΪԼɱʱһɳʯʮĻ˾Ȼһɢĸɸɾ

ҵͩȸʧе

ɳʯЦЦȸ㲻˭ҵͩ˰ɣ֦һ֦㣬һ֦Լ

㣿ܣ˵ϢҼǵʮ㣡ȸҪٴν

ɳʯЦҡҡͷȷʵңҲûдΪҪģ

ţָǰһָû˿ʹͼȸһͣסˣʱնһȸһ㷴ӦҲûУȻֱӳȥ

ɳʯǣǧ巵ӣȻ֮ǰֻǸ֣ͨԴɽˣֶΪһӾȥǧ巵ôľӡ֮¯࣬Ҳ֪Լı죬Щĸ˵һҲûпԳƵģǸȾ͸߳ܶܶ࣬кȸҲȥⲢûжԭ򣬽Ϊѡ

ܵһ֣ɳʯЦţ˵˭

*****



ڶ ʵ

ȸϢȥæһ磬סȸѾ˹ȥ֣ȸڲûɢǼΪȥͨ߾Ȼû˷˿Ͱˣ⵽ʲô£

˾ƺȻеˣӡ֮ӡ֮ǧɽطнǧɽµǧ巵

ɳʯǿ˾ƣЦ˵Ȼǧ巵֪ණɣ

ߣǧ巵ĶǶƻΪǧɽһȺΪǵļһɶ񣡡

ǲǶν룬ɣ

˵꣬ɳʯȻ˾һָ˾ƸղſɳʯǶȸָһ£ȸˣʱɳʯǳԼָҲûһͻƬ̣ԼȻû£ɳʯǣɳʯȻЦ

㡭

˾Ƶġ㡱û˵꣬еͷһ˲ʧȥһи֪ʲô֪ˡ

ۼֿ죬˾ƽס˾Ƴ˻ţϢȫޣȻ·˯˵ķһ㣡

ɳʯǽֱָӰִܡȫûɢһ˿ķжеǶδ֪Ĳ˾뵽˻ӡ֮˶֪

ҶһֱעûдɳʯϸеκвԵе̫ˣ㵱ԼĪʱȻܸеԷϢʱ֮ǰѾֵϢûбκζ

ɳʯǼΧˣǡ

˺ĬأͬʱˣԸؽƹɳʯ˲סġǡ˵ʱѾݽ֮ˣǶɹŴνѵҲûܶʱ

ɳʯҲûӰӡȫ⡣

˺һᣬĽƲˣ˲֣ͣɳʯǣɳʯǲûһֱĪЦֵͣƬ֮

λֶλ߰ǵϷ𣿡

˿ɳʯأǺ谭أصĽ߳ЩƣȻû˿ã

ٺ٣κβҵأһǿϷȻʰǣ

ɳʯǵȻҪţ˾ƺȸ˻ŵػ϶ף˵ƢȻúܶࡣʱҲҧгݣ

ֻĵϺȻðˮһӰְסǶá

ɳʯǵüͷ壬䣬䣬ҿȰʰ˵

˵գָָ䣬һԵֱǰ棬һǰֵڻɳʯǹ

жȻû˿ãȷʵǰ棬Ȼȫһȥֻٴһ磬ڵϡ

ʱЩ˵Ѿе˷ǳвɳʯǲûжߵΪȴ˷ʤ֪ôŸ߳ΪҲһĪչ

Ҷʼնûж֣ϸ۲ɳʯǣƺ뵽ʲôֻǣԼ֮һ㱡ԼôҲʲô

һιȥˮ֮ƶɢˣٴλָжһ˵ЦسǺȥѾóԼ׼ɱ

Ҫֹ𣿡

ɳʯһ֣һЩѾѪ

ȸ䱻ɳʯùֶ˲Ʒ׻ǱȫãĳǳֻʣһЩڿֲУҵġھ£Լնɱ飬ʥ֮һʵ̫ĳӲٴαȸղǴҪǿ࣬һЩ˻

סʱɳʯǵָѾָԼһ˲䣬޾ѹϮһʧȥе֪

һԵİҶɳʯָһâɳʯָֽʱϵر۾ͬʱ񣬽롰״̬¡

Ҷٴ۾ʱֻʣǧˣ˶񱻶סˣڿУûһ㶯

ǶǶ֮˵ķϣҿԲɱǣҪЧҳ֪õңһɽйԼѸȥɽ·ʳԣ

ɳʯԹ˵š

Ҷ˿ֿ˿ǧݡҲֱҶҶ֡ǧ޵ͷǧҲӹһ⣬ת˲ţûֹһ

ɳʯǣǶĳȻҪǶЧңν治ǧݺȻ˵һͷѩ׵ͷҲ޷

ŶڵʦҲҪҳҿǺǧǰأǰãҶṼǰģ

²ǧݵǧ˿ȻúܳȻһѩͷһɳʯǡ

ƽʱǧݵֹҪʩչӦķͬʱҲһķศڣȴ趯ͷû˿Ķ

һԵĶ˿ǧݣҲƺ뵽ʲô۾ֱӳǰһȭ

ȭͷû˿ֻһǳȭȭͷһֱӷɳʯǡ

ɳʯǲ֪ҪʲôЦȻٴγ֡ǿɲҪˣ

˵ţֱָ˵ȥ

֮ǰһӱס෴˵ϡ

ɳʯһ㶣ȻЩֱӴдȥ͸˻Ӱһ㣬ɳʯоһЦȻǸ֡û뵽̶̵ʱ뵽Щ˲һëģȴҪ군ˣ

ɳʯǵһη˴зĹʮǿعһӾͰֻУǧݺͶͬʱʧȥ֪·䡣

Ҷǣ˶ڵϣȻɳʯǡ

ɳʯҲŰҶ˵ɽˣôûȤң

ûȤ

ٺ٣֪㣬ҶʦϣǸŮˣҲϣף㴦·硣

С

Сࣿ˵ɣѾҵˣһ𣬾ͼҵºˣҲԿģߣҿֱ㵣֣һ֮֮ˣ

ҶԴļһȻЦɳʯǣˣļҲЩ¼аɣ

Ҷɳʯǹȥɳʯ򳯰ҶҶûܵ˿Ӱ죬ɳʯҲûܵ˿˺֮ƺʲôûƵء

Ҳˣɳʯ˵

ûѾˣΪʲôᷢô飿Ϊʲô˲ƷЩ֣ΪʲôЩû˿ãЩˣ

˵˵ΪʲôأɳʯƺһҲż

ΪǵǸǺӿʼĻ꾳֮Уĺһ飬ټ١ʵʵԼʵｻ棬ǻӡ֮ľɣ

ɳʯǵͷȷʵǶҵĻ꾳𺳵ĳǵĴСɣҲĲأٺ٣ȸҿںʱҵػ꾳ˣһ֣úʵֲ

꾳ǻþ꾳ãȴʵҶǣЩʬ嶼ģȥҲģɳʯǣĽȫõģԣǲ֪ԼĵطǼ٣Ҳ֪ʱ棬ҲʵʵټٵĽ棬ŷ顣

ɳʯʵʲôʱ֪ģһҵ֮̽𣿡

˵شӽ߳ԺоͺȻ뵽ˡ꾳һʣǰ˵ȴ֪ʲôģȻȻϵңҲ֪˻꾳֪Ļ꾳õĲôãЩƷ˶ε鲨ɣ

鲨öԷٴβһ£ٴֱ֣ӡЧǿƷ֡

ȸһֱɳʯǵĻ꾳УԲűһƷˣ˾ƣʼûбƷΪɳʯָ뵽ȸƷΣΪɳʯǵָʲôãвĪزһ£ֳɹ˲䱻Ʒ

Ʒ֣˶ָʮּɵȴ֪ԽǼɵԽȦףԣתۼ䣬һȺ˶ٴֳɹɹƷ

ǧȷʲô˷Ӧǧݺ˽⣬ǧݵΪҲ˲뵽ʲôҲų֣ǵĹֻƽͶû˿Ҳʵɳʯǻ꾳֤ǰɳʯǲɳʯǣ

Ȼ֤ʵһ飬ɳʯȴֱԭȵĻ꾳ǿƷҶѾ֪ˣһе£ѾʼѰңɳʯǵ

ȷʵ˶鲨֪һУƽҲ֪ڵǡ顯֪ܲҵʵң

Ҷʹڡ״̬£ѰɳʯǵϢ֪ɳʯһֿʼԼ۵ڿһֶǡ顱ģɳʯǵΣҲ֪

Ȼһ˰ҶԺУͬʱҲΣһ˵ʶܻڵģѰͬȻͬϵҲǿʹá

ֹ֮˳ţ֪ģֻܻܿɢ

Ҷæʽ쳣ˡ˵ȴǷǳӣ޴ʩչ

ϵ

ҶԺһȫӦѾöΧƽеĲ̬Уãһʱ䣬ƺԼˡ

ǰҶûԹúͺ񵱳ɽһȴֲ򵥣˲ˣҪգȴ֪Ҫ¡

ǰʺҶȫϵصĸоһֿ֮ļ䣬еһεϢ֪ҪʲôϵѰңܿ죬ͷһϢȻտʼԼ֪ϢʲôתףԼѰҵɳʯǵϢ

ɣҶȻеԶɳʯǵġʵ塱ᣬչӴĽƹɳʯǣǰɳʯһ㱣ԭɢ



ڶ߽ ׷ɱ

ҶѰͬķҵˡʵɳʯǣڻɳʯǵĻӡ֮ƣġ顱ɢˡ

Ҷһ˲ƣһƶʵɳʯǰ棬ﲢǰ׻µǸֵطǰ׻ϷһƬһ򵥵éݣһȥСĺСͷһ˶é

ɳʯǣ

ҶյˣǲɳʯǣҶлǺȷȻ˵ҶкȻһĪĸооʮִֹظⲻɳʯǣ

Īĸоͻأس֣ҶԼҲ֪жԼģѵķˣԼ⣬ûҵģֻǣԼͻأĸоǴģǰȷʵɳʯǣ

һ˲䣬ҶԺ뵽࣬ȴԽԽȷԼĸ뷨ǶԵġ

ǰ˱ҶøֽƽţٴĹܿ죬ڤڤеĸоٴγͷϢָŵ·

䡭

Ҷһ˲ԭ뿪ͬʱڵĵطһӡԶȸվиһźڰػ档

̫𣿡Ҷ۾ȸǻޣ㿿ҵͩС𣬵̫ɽĻ֣λأңڻûгɡڵγܵˣγܣ

иҪǣΪιԼ

ɡȸ³֣е̫任̫ģҶ

Ҷȸеس޺ͷŭ񶼰˴ҶͷһݣȻ뵽꾳֮ټ٣ʵʵȸѾݽȥˡڱţ

Ҷæð˲ж̫ĸ٣Ǹ֪ٵɳʯǰ档ֱôɱУҪɳʯǡƬĹûɳʯǣһĽħѾһԴˡ

ٺ٣Сӡ湻ûħЦеħţϸСħʱᳯҶ

Ҷ˵ʲôҲ뵽ħȻӡ֮ţڷֲҡ

УҪЩһȻЩ˶ҿ鷳ˣ

Ҷɳʯʵ¡ڻǸȣ֪ΪʲôȻɳʯǣһ뵽ȣо;ҵľҳǸȥΪȲµˣ

ҶȻ˲ƿȥȱصĽưţϢԽԽҪƵء

ԭȵȻҲ˵Ҷһ֣ħͻʸϵĹ㵽ˣҶεٴ˲ƣͬʱһȺ˵Ϣȫʱʱ̿עǵ

Щ˶Ǹ֣ĿǰҲĸ˹ԭȵĵطš

Ҷ˲ưѻħȸ˸뿪ʱҶٴγǸɳʯǰ棬ɷ˵س֣һȭɳʯǵĺġ

ɳʯȻ۾һȭһѪȻ˾ȻӰҶĽʧ٣ҶҲҲ

ʱѾ׷ˣҶֻ˲뿪ĿЩȻԵˡ

ա

ڰҶճʱġա־˳ЩȻԵһʵĹ⣬Ȼ˻ɷɫ

ҶصȻˣȡЩ˵ͬʱЩеһЩȻˣ䡢Ͷˣ

ת۱ҶսУǼҲƽⲻǰȷط䣬˵ӣͱ˵ƣҶ֪ҲҪԼˡ

ڰҶ

ʱؿ͵һһѪͱ˳ԺʾһСӰΡ

ǶĹ

ҶѪȻޣǵĺɫҶʶð˲ƵһԣȻԭȴĵطһƬɫĻ𺣣϶Ĺ

Ҷ˲ƵθոȶѾӯӯ⣬Ȼ޾ĺҶûȫεʱѾٴ˲ƹȥ

Ҷİ˲ʮָ߳˲ƼȻ׼ԼƶĶôǿЧķӦˣ֮ǰ;϶ܴ

λʦ˻ӡ֮֮УȸʸϡħԼħͬʦܹߴ֣Ϣ˰ҶϡǰδеѹһӰѰҶס

Ҷ붼˲ƿ

Ժ֮ǰǧµѾеĶԻӡ֮һ⣬ҶѾѵ˷ϣǸɳʯǣҶʵڲôı£һӿסߴ֣

ȡȻܰѻӡ֮ɳʯǣԼĹ϶ߣܿסߴȻ⣡ǣʲô

˷ɵɽ磬ħĺҲȥһ磬ֵʲôΪ˸׵ƻ

ҲֻĿˣȻôǿΪʲôԼֱӶ֣Ҫˣô໨У

ϸЩ̬ˣ桱ȷʵҲһֶκĿģ

Ҷ˴Ĳ²⡣㿪ʼ˲ƣߴ֡Żʸϣħͻħȸֳԣ԰ҶΧ׷½أӡ񲻰ѰҶʬǲֵͣġ

ʵЩ˲ûбȫƣҶĵԾʱеĶֻԼʱźһټ٣ѾȵĻ꾳֮УԲŻ

ڰҶԼп϶Ǹɳʯǡˣ

Ҷ²һߴֲûɥʧʲô־෴ǵͷĺܣ֪Լ֮ǰѾ˻꾳֮У벻ǣʱԼȻûаѻ꾳š

ȸһ㿴Ҷ˲ƹȥ˲ƹȥʱ֡Ҷһû׼Ҷȸ붼룬㳯˹ͬʱħҲоϢҲ˹ʲô

ħһͿһʶļһ㹥ҶҲæ֣һߡ

Ҷ˲Ƶʱħͻʸ϶ʶ˸е쳣ΣգͬʱְѰҶߡ

ٺҶǸɳʯǡˣЩ˿ȴһʶ˰ѡҶˣҶһʧ٣

ţʶְЩԵˣ˹ٴαߡ

ʱİҶѾȷȷʵʵǸɳʯǡˣ

ҲΪǲŶ԰Ҷҧгݣ޲ðʬˣ

ûбƣǿġоģоųɶеģֻ԰Ҷʱܵ꾳Ӱ죬ԣҶˣҶΪˣҶǸذ˲ƣҲԵʮţֻǣҲ벻ͨǣΪʲôŵ˲ƻҲЩ׽

ڰѰҶĹ֮ɳʯǵΪϣ˾ͷ£ƱذѡɳʯǡסЩʧٵҳǵһСࡣ

Ϊڰ׻ǣȻ׻ǵɱĲˣǸӥûɣΪɱˣ£ӦĸУ

̶ֹסɱ

ԡɳʯǡΧ׷½һȸҵ£ѯС䣬Ѿ˹Ȼжڷľûйȥλͱ˵£жȸ˰׻ǵ⡣

λˣ֮ǰҵС⻤ǺУҾŸȷʵ֪ˣӥ˵

ȸͷֻҪи巽λˣ˵ֻ֪СڻǺУҲܺܿҵ

ֻ˲Ƶˮ֮ϡֻزˮϣһȦȦɢת۱㲼ǺӣֻǼʱ䣬ٴ˲ƿͬʱȸҲ뿪

ȸ뿪ðҶɲ٣ʵ̫ǿˣѹҲУͻʸġ˸ѹҲ޴ޱȣţֻҪһͻᱻ˺Ƭץסеһ˾ܰ˺ˣ

Ҷϵ˲ơûʱϢİ˲Ƶıƽ˲Сܶ࣬һã粻ȷԣԼϵٱȻڵΪߴֵ׷ɱ£ҷˣ

ףҶȻ֡ԼȻѾǣ

û뵽ôҪ˲ƣȻôԶˡ

ʱҶе첲һ䶯С׵Դ¶˳ҶС׺󣬾Ȼ˼Ȼ뵽ӵ˰׻ǿʼڰ׻ǰС¶һ֮⣬һֱԼӦûлӡ֮ɣ

ȻСûֹķС֮ԳΪоһֵϢϢӴ󣬵ȴûжѹأȴ˸е־壬ȴơ

С׸ӦϢҶУҶҲһӸӦˣЩʱ䶼ӣҪľƽ⣬ΪҪ׷ɱҪ©Է꾳֮УڣĻЩţȴŬѹȥĸӦٺ٣ȻҲûע⵽ǵɹϢ

׷ɱЩֲû֮ǰٳ֣Ҷ˺üطų鱦ȥһɣǹϢ⣬ûʲô飬ȻųЩǲѾ˻ӡ֮

ӡ֮ʵ̫ˣ˷ʤ֪ԼУҲѽ

Ҷи̾ţθոճʱѾصĽơ

鱦ܵЩָӣȻشһԵݻתţϵر任ţһɡ

ܣ㡢ħħʸϡ䡢ȸΧţܵĽƾڰҶֵһ˲䲼µأ׼ȷԡǿȻǱĶǿޱȣҶ֪ԼΣһʱҲӲȥˡ

ðҶزֹЩС࣬ǰɫվһԣĿУŭ죡

ڰ׻ĻǺзСԼһСƺӻӡ֮˹˵ɳʯҪ׽һˣǰҶѣȻһ֣ͨʵϵȴܲһ㣬Ŀǰǵ鱦

Ȼ뵽˰Ҷһȥͨͨ󾫣ҪǰҶ󾫸鱦ıҲճϣֺο

֪һ͵ǵ鱦ãû뵽ǣҪȵġɳʯǡȻˣҲһ˲䶯֣ѡɳʯǡס



ڶ˽ ͻƻ꾳

롱žӰɣڰҶԼ룬ֻǱɱ˶ѡ

Ҷһһˣ˵ʲô

յȫų

ô˵ҶȻ֪ǵûмǣרſС࣬С࣬Ϊôң

ȻҶ֪С޵ĲԼеǸˡ

ȻкɣҪϻЩȡ˷ų

С࿴ҶҲˣȻŰҶ£ⲻ˵ġ

ҶСԼĹģȻؿЩˣȻڶԼ𡢷ŭлǺܸ˵ġ

ҪҪñķǡУӡ֮һȸӦͲˣ

Ҷ뷨£ܵ˵Ҫ˵ĻȰҷųɡ

ҶǰԼųȻð˲뿪ǲֺôһĶԸԼǿҪܵġ

ҶĻǻ࿴˿ȻܲؽƣԼҲ档ҶˣһĽƵ

òҪˣУ

Ҷһɣӽн˳ָжҲܳʩչˣЩȻǿȸղԼϵĻҪǿϼ֡԰˲ƣǵ赲Щ

ץסħһֱעŰҶճʱ۾һĨ⣬֪ҶҪӡ

ڰҶš˲ƣ˼ɻܴħĺͬʱ֡

ҶԭȵĽûгһϢʱ䣬Ҫƣ׼֡Ӳǿת˲ŵػʩչ˰˲ơ

ϢУ˵ĽٴξۼҶûסʧһϢҲûˡ

ǣΪʲôҪô

ΪҶٴеŭʱһһֱ

СɳʯǰˡˣǸʮļһ

üͷţһһˣ˵Ӳ˵ѣ۾ϣ˺һᣬǴˣˣǰҶҿ֤

˻࿴˿ƺʲô˶û˵ͬʱԭʧȥ׷ɳʯǡˣȻɳʯǡš˲ƺǿ󣬵ǻҪȥ׷

ȻǻҪעϾڡ

Ҷһ˲ƵǵķǸ㳡ΣҶıԼеϢ˻ԸıԼòԼһͨ֡

˹㳡һǣȴš

ȻֻһĹ㶫˾ͳڹ㳡ϿգǿưŵɢܣҶҲװܾƵģһȥ

Ҷıݺܳɹûз漴뿪ˡ

ҶȷǲûзԼ㾲˼Բߡ

ȥգȽ

ֻǣǸǲȣԼ֮ǰǲѾ꾳֮ˣԼڵ׻ڲĻ꾳УһеһУȷ

֮£ҶٴǸͬһѰĵˡ

֮ǰԷĵؽУҶĸӦУõҲ֮ǰĶࡣ

רõأֻǵ飬˵ɽ綥ĸ֮⣬

ǶѣѰֶͬȻ򵥣Ҷϲſʹó

ʹó󣬲ĪڤڤĸӦͷӿ𣬲ûȥϸ̽ѰЩӦǲʧ֪Լȥ̽ѰĻɢġ

ۻĸӦðҶҵȣ

ȴʱܵ⣬̫ˣֻ΢ʩչЩֶΣͰĸˣת

磬ҵǴ˸ָĽͷˣһͨȴ԰ļһɳʯǡ

ɳʯǸµģҲֻǸҪСô԰ЦֱӰԼĻ꾳֮УͬʱҲڸɳʯǸĹűɳʯŪڹ֮䡣

԰ˣµʱʮ㣬ȴ֪ԼһֱŪԼΪǱɳʯҲȥȥᣬŪˣȿļˡ

ɳʯǶԸЩʱʵ涼Ϣ˻ӡ֮˶Ļ꾳У߸ϵߣŷһУǴ֡׷ɱĶǣױȵܡ

ȲûǴ˽飬ϷŪŪЩˣȻƻĵΧʩչӡ֮ҲǸСֻءıΣʱͿԼܲȡˣȡԼǴһղˣҲСԣΣԼ·е׬

ȺһﲻΪ壬ؼֻأɢϢΣհֱǿܾٲˣǵҸ׵ķˡ

һҲż˼ŷ

ͦе𡭡

Ҷ

һ㶣˲ý䱸ƾճֵİҶȻҵ

ǰ׻µǸطܶƷҶԭΪɳʯǵĲ֮û뵽Ҳ

Ļӡ֮ȷʵ̫ǿˣҵȷʵͽңҶ˵

ѾɨӹֻһˣɳʯҲ֪ȥˡ

ʱ֮ǰǸЩ񣬵ϻǲͬģǸҲǡ顱ģǡʵ

ӦǸս׻ǵʱ򣬾Ļ꾳֮˰ɣҶʵ

ȿŰҶûȻܴӻ꾳˵㻹ЩµġȷʵǸ׻ʱ˻꾳֮ǾһУҶ֪ǾĴ󲿷鶼ʵģҴǴΣ

ǸӰҲʵ

ٺ٣ȻûУаҶɣ벻ͨô˾ȻҲܵôע

Ҳܷ㣬ɱ㣡Ҷ漴Ӧ

ɱңɱ㲻ٴ꾳֮У

£Ȼ£ò˵ֹķȷʵǿޱȣҲ̫⣬ûô򵥣Щ˻һʱŪ󣬰ܵĿ϶㣡

ȹЦˣĸҲˣѵˣЩ˻׷ɱ㣬룬Ҳ˵˰ɣӦöǲܲʣɴֱ࣬ӻɽ磡

ȿŰҶȻְҶôҵԼģôͻƻ꾳ƵģЩҪʱðҶأ



ڶŽ ж

ҶȶŵʱȺĴġɳʯǡѰ˰죬ȻʲôûҵǱֻص鱦

ǻæ˵а취ҵҶ

Ļһæʣʲô취

ָһԵݣ˵Ȼ֪ʲôܸо֮ҵҶϢ

ǾȣݵǷǳģݱƵģˣû顣

ңɻʵ

ǰ֣ݺύĹн˵ⶫĺͺһŨ磬ȥͺһһ

˵ʱǱ۾ģЩƬֻ̣ϵĹȻˡ

һֱע㾪ȵ˵ݾȻıˣûı仯

ϵĹʧˣЩʵ۳Ӱһ㣬һ㣬Ȼû˾ҶĻ϶֣ᷢڵڵ

ԼҲǾȣȻӦˡû뵽Ȼô棬ⱦ϶ΪһɵľֱŨ硣

以࿴һۡ˵ǻǿЩ˰ɣЩۣ

ʱѾָһط˵ǿ𴦴ɼΨд˴ʣĲĻҶ

ҲֻǸӦϸ˵ףȻҲ֪ʵľΪֶء

һȺַ׷׼סǸλãȻ㡢ֱ˲ƹȥԷһͬʱҲΪӦ



ҶȵĻ˵ƺţ

ȻЩߣûɲšֻûӡ֮ҪҪ絽⵽˺ֵز

ȵĻ˵۾͵һ⣬дžȡ

Ҷ׽ı仯Цôˣǲǻӡ֮ûˣ

ԭݻûӰʱߵĻ꾳ͱˡԼҲ֪£Ҷ֮ͬֱӵӰΧڵϢԣҲƳ˻꾳Ч

Ѿֵ棬Ȼʵػ𣿡

Ȼ֪˵֮ǰĻҲ˵Ǹտʼ׷ɱʵǰҶ

ֻɵţ

ҲҲֻɣֵļһܸеС˵֮ǰұɻˣ

˵˵Ѿʶʲôˡȴа˳ɵذգǲһǴħɱ¾ģɱУǸϣȻҲɢɱҲҸеѹʵϣȴеĸоʵϣЩɱһӰ춼ûУֻԼģʱұ㿪ʼ࡭

˶һʦڻӡ֮˽⣬ûаֵڱֻ˼˸ʲôʱƺתԣźȻ˳

һʣҲȻ򵥣ж뵽һ£Ǿǿܴûӻ꾳

˻࿴˿Ȼһ뿴ǰֺֻ֣ر𣬲ǷĶҪƳͨķǲܵģ˶

ǣͬʱ˷ȭƽǿҵؽŵߣȭͷ˸гһŲҰ׵Ļ棬ŵȭͷϣһɫˮͬŵ

ϣʱȭͷó

ļϣöȭͷһӱͨ쳣û˿֮ǰ׳֪ʱȭͷڵϣ˵ܰ򴩣

񣬰֮ȭϣϢУ˸еһɼǿǰɢȻȻȼһƬʵĻ棬Щǲ֮ͬ俹Ľ

еȻͬȻ᧿ΣܿͱɢһգɢֳǰҶȡ

ȿɢ֣նˡ۾

ôȡ粻򵥰ɣҶ˵

ߣֻҵˣСǶɣһػỳɴǻôʲô

ԵҽڵػҶҲ˵֮ǰɱһˮˡ֪ϲʶ

˵ʲô

뿴ˮǲǶôûã

ҶĻ䣬еؽƱ˳ܵĿռһӹˣڿռӹ̵ͬʱճһĹǵصӿȡ

ǰҶ׼ģ򣬿ƾղණýȻֵ

ˡҶȶţҲѱ¡ŰҶĿյԼĹ˳Ŀ굱ȻҲȣһʱ䣬ֵֹ

֮ǰڰ׻еǴһٴθеЩĲ򵥡ɲ﷭ǸһĪرɱǿԩˡ

䡭

첻ϣ֯ײһ𣬰Ҷӹ̵Ŀռ䲻ϵѡϣҪطǿʢǰҶҪסĿռɾˡ

ǰڶ֮⣬ԸǸʱֶ֣ǶأΪȻܸߡڵȣǲЩʱ֣Ȼûôȴһ˵ĳ죬ǺͨƵģӦϣһˡ

һֱʮиоѹȻвһǰδеļ£һʱ䣬Ժһ᲻ͷ

æֻƵͷϨרĶԸǰˣͬʱҲһЩȻڻ꾳е˰֮ǰµ¡



СȻеͷ͵ҵϢһӴɢ鱦УµĸֶڣҲһԣСȻıʣæǰֵĶͷϡ

Ҫ룬ƽͣ

Ȼô˵СϢȻԽԽңһԵȸҪææ˵ǰҪСһرϢᱻȾģ

ϢǱģǻӡ֮ϢظӦҲ֪϶ᱻǣ

ЩֶΪݵĻûӻ꾳СΪǳɳʯǸǰþˣԻܵ꾳Ӱ죬ʱȻӦڣС˴ʹ

ϲ鿴С࣬ʱԼҲЩԻΪʲôһЩΪʲôҺ֪ܶ飿Ϊʲôû˿ţΪʲô

õֶԼҲôģֻ֪ԽСʹ࣬ôˣܿ죬СͷʹнѳɢϢҲƽ



Сˣܶ˲ûнѣɳʯǾһԴӻ꾳ƣֱȾԺ󣬾ʹںԶĵطﲻλʦܡ

ճʱ˾֮ǰѯʣʦ֣հ׵ˣ

ɳʯܵ˲أ˾֮ʻͷ˵ˣ

ҵĻӡ֮ˣ

ĪﳨؿڣŨܵĺë¶ˣô

ɳʯ¶Цٺ١µĸֶزѾܲˡǲ֪ÿ˶ˣһ飡

ǮԶЦʦ֣ͺãΣܵؾһ̣Ϸˣ¸֡ɲܵĵ

ɳʯʵҲûپɥԼ˵أܰ¸Ϸˣһ飬֤ȻˣҲ൱ڰ£ǵսţӦûΪеˡ

ɳʯǵЩȷ£Сʦܡ֮ǰһǧ巵ôҵսʯ𣿡

ǮԶϵЦһӰȥǧ巵һƬǽ壬ƺиеϹսʯûˣµֻһ׵شӡҰɽһֱصսܴ˳

ǮԶϷɳԱߣʱľĸߴòĿܳˡ

ЩսܣһֱǧɽıУǮԶ֪ǧѾûˣĸɽ֮͵˳

ϧҪһõڵսʯɳʯǿһĿܣǧ巵еַӿȡһСɫʯͷϹսʯ

սʯȡ˳ǿܺȻһƬ̳˾֮˿Ҳ۲ѣܿǱսһԪӤڵҲܰܡ

սʯɳʯСĵذսʯȰˣ԰ˣʱôֵľԪֻսʯҪʮ꣬ܳѷﵽ֮ϵΪٶȿνˡ

ɳʯϣʱԺкȻðһͷͷͻأѸȻʶؾܾˣܿ죬ʶͱǸͷûֻһĹԺбֻһͷɱ

ӡ֮ĲٿЧǱͨĿǿǧ򱶣Ǳֻһӵ˶յôȴû˿ţȫɽжϣԣĪһӵ۾߿ܣǼͬʱֻƣѪȡܡ

ɳʯóһľͷҵͩ϶ʱðܵĻ棬ԭ·˲䱻ޣǰȥѾû˱Ķֻ֪ɱ



ꡭ

䡭

ž

㡢䣬ֱվǴʱЩǱԭ˳ͷɢңϢҲңһ˼ʮ·ıһ

мΧǱˣڵûǰؽȫãϵǻҳ˫Բ۾Ҳһɫ֭ҺһûɵģҲû֮ǰĺɫ

⣬ȵϢҲ쳣ңɢɷȴԽԽ޼

ڰҶ˿˲˵սν춯أÿʱÿ̶ŻصܣҶǿĿռ䣬ЩܳȥȻ϶һӱȼʱܲ𣬶δ֪ˡ

ٺ١ܲս

¶΢΢Ц⣬˵Ȼսֻ㣬ƺֲס˰ɣ

ģҲôʰǣұȥˣ

ʮĬٴͬʱ֣֮ǰһǿƹٴչУͬ뷨Ǿǣĺǿô֡ôʱ䣬ûܣȻս˷ʤĻӡ֮ĺܿ£



ڶһ ֮

鱦УʸϺȻ˵쿴

ħħݣæȥֻϣȸǵϷţĹｻңȥʱƵġ

һȺֻ࿴˿ħ˵Ǳȥ

ħȸǰȥ̽飬ħͻʸͬʱħʼ鱦Ⲽĵ󷨣ħȻħ󷨵صǵһ֮ҲʹһЩңʩ뱸лʸϸҲѸ١

ȸħ˼ȸǣȸΪȸǵĳеĵĿ֮ͨ·ȸĻǺʱȸȸȻһû꣬ıΪĴѾ˻Ǻ֮⣬Ǻеˮͻǵ档

ȸϵĻԵر¶˳˵ֱӳǰȥȵ˸ȸҰ

òţʱȴǰԵʮ㣬û䣬׵嵽ǰߣһЩȼղҰ˸ɸɾ

ħȸʮӣæȥԶԶģ㿴һ˺޴ؿܣ

Щˡʶûվȸ棬ŶԷӦ

ڵֵһˮֿ׷һгڡӦû˰ɣղĻǿޱȣ󷨲һͱճ˻ңЩˮ壬ԶҲеҪˣ˿־ޱȡ

ȸһű㰲еŭҲʱע⵽׵Ǹһҵͩ

ɳʯǣȸסŭȻֱ˳

Ȼ֮ǰǸɳʯǡһеҵͩȴǻʵıȸϴ뵽Լ֮ǰһɳʯǻܣĵһָģоŭǵķԭԼڵõҵͩʱѾ˼ҵˣ˵ôɽĳǵĳһСŪ˰ʱ䣡

ɳʯȻȵĻ꾳ûɥʧǣȸԵúЦȸϲӻ꾳ɵĺܰ΢鿴˼Σ͸

ɳʯǵĻ޷˵һҶ֪ȸŭصطһҧĽģͷһֱӷһֵĻˣȸϵĻҲԽԽʢƣ޲ðضմ

ȸɳʯǶˣħĿ޴ĿϣӣɢŹϴϢ˷·ص˺ʱڣȻɢսϢҲǿʢħеӭѹ

ãããħ˵ãȻһΣڵꪳУҲһףõħףһȫǵıףħ˱ޣĶǣڵƬһ˫ᣬһβյ㴦ļ̣νǹ

ħ˲߿ǰꪺ޻ڵشмһߣֻɫĵת۱㲼ǿܵϣǿҵĳһɢܵɳʯؽ÷顣

һУħˣ֣ǿֻĵغ˼ûʵʵ˺ħֻ첲΢΢£˫ꪣ֪һսҪƴȫˣ

ħлһģǾһƬأȻ￴ȥȶҪõĶ࣬ʵϣȻĺܣȸ˴սûаҶȹ̿ռ䣬϶øң˵ֱֻǣսĻ˵ء

һսֻսپˡ

ħһΣͬʱӰͬꪣħͬʱȻӰͬʱȥ

һߣȸɳʯͻƴһˣȸġҡҵͩнӽΪе˺ͣνռϷ磬ɳʯǣһͨߣŹĹʱȡֵΪȸָ㣬óжϣϸϣȲȸڴĹϣһ㲻ȸҪǿһģʱսʯܺɵشȸҲ˵

ǻƴҶƢһʲô˲ˣȰսԶȻȸǵػǺӿܾҪˡ



ȸڴս鱦Ҳӭ벻ġˡЩˡûɳʯǿ˵ǷǳΪǶǷǳͨ֡еһûΣ

Щɲǹ۹ģĵһ¾ǻԼԼкûһбǺԼг㣬һŰԼ壬Լһһȥ

飬Իħħ˵ҲеľοһֱĻʸϣ֮ǰڰ׻ǿЩɱܵ˾޴𶯡ʱԼŰԼĲ³Ѫ

ܵӰȴһֱš˵׵Ĺ󾫣ЩΧʱ򣬱ȻסԼͷΪһɷǳҵسԺгײȴûͷۣǳĻ棬еƣֻҪԼ΢һ

ԶѲˣڤڤеΣʶֽŷɣֻܱͷػԼһǣԼʧ

ħڡʮΣĻħ󷨿˵ȫʧˡɳʯǺ֮һսŰعֶΣ֪δڣһиʸϡ

ȻھųɾŶŮ˵ǺУһ˵ȴû˿٣෴ӴϢԵ䣬վħ֮УĲеϵʩչţǵϷˮھۼûƣӯӯˮ⣬ϳһʯһ

ϣֹǡ

ʸϵһָų·ӽ䣬ǶʱһƬУеֶЩ鶯ˮţá

ˮᡢͣǰʣҲΪʲôҶǮʦȥԭ



ڰ׻ĵ£սָһ䣬ʱڳ˶еƣҲǱˣȣ˵Щݵؤеһˡ

ûһõĵطҲôãϵ·ҲУΨһûܵƤ⡱˵ֻаҶˣ԰׵ɫǼˮ·֪һҲܡ

ĺǿˮӦһȼ磬ڵʱ䲻ǺܳԲĸ֡

ȺǿҶ֪˶˵Ȼֻ˵Ǵ֣רԸģΪЩĸֲ·ֲ˳֣ţһɼΪ֮Ϊˣ֮ɳɼҡߡʥߡߡߣͻᱻ÷ظˡ

ǰվʧܣһܣҶҧгݵţһֱƣٴ

ͬҲֵǻӡ֮սĺٽУû뵽ȻôǱ

УЩУһôʧˮ綪ˡ

ȻҲǶͷˣΪսʤԼεˣΪ³ãҪϰˣսˮƽȻڻ£䣬޼ǿںʱڣ㲻ҲֵܵɽɼҵĹȻֳĴڣΪȻɲ⡣

˶Ŀǰ״ܲ⣬ôʱȻûаѶ£˲ûм꣬ǳԷսʱòǾóʱ䣬һ䣡

˶˾ģԣһʱͣսˣҲûţΪֻҪƬ̣սǿȻʤ֮ǰһ˿иٲ



һصУȻһͳɢĲ񼤵ˮһɢȥĲɽҲƻһƬǽ壬УЩӹЩʯͷʯͷһҲûֻһӹƵġ

ǵͳţ˺ӦʲôûͣϢԽԽ߰

ʱһ˶ԴʯԴܴ󣬵۾󣬼ռĿһбӣҲͣǳģƵģһ˫Сǿ׳档

ͷļ䣬ֻǡ

ԴǳĲҲʯгϺܹ⻬ûëҲûƬȥģƤһ

ţ޴ҲˣԵЩӷףǳġЩŵĲһҲơ

һԴ׳Ķȣ⵹ͦģȳģǳĴ׳β͡

һĹޣʯ۾ǰһƬڵĺڶڶԵɫЩعأһҲԽ׳ذ벽ԣǸڶԲܹ

޳ڶͳغţĲڶӿȥڶȴһֱţû˿ӦƺżȻ䷳غš



䡭

Ҷ͵һѪ˶ʱήҪлһ˿ĻֱӾιȥˡ

УҲһѪȻûѪɫܲ԰ףȻҲˡ

ȣȴûǱΪһöƴˮ

㶼ˣĲˣһǶȥɡȹЦš

ղţ˷ǰδеǿƹۿҪѴˣȻ䣬뵽˺ܾǰõһһӶģⱦҲ÷һΣһɵԼһͷǿĹĿֻ࣬Ժüʱ䶼Ƿȫޣԣ֪ⱦıײͰڲԼķԼ귨ȫҲҪֻҪĶҪ

ƴתȵ˷ܣˮشЦţԼ̫ˣЩ߱ƵزôõĶĲˡȥһҪԼ֮ǰӶĶһҲôˣ



ڶһһ սһ

ҶĺȻˣһֱάֵĿռ˲ʧأԲûзص¼

ˮһһˣ˵Щ˰ɡ

ˣˮз⣬Щһڿת裬ȻһһҶˡ

̶̵ʱ䣬ǸûлָˣοӦԣЩһӾͰǰסٵʴ

Щ⿴ȥÿʵȴݵĺܣ㶼еһ˿־壬֪Ķʲô⡣

壬Ҷȴڱһ˲סˣΪȻееķɳʧˣһֱеķɳǸʵ˲ʧӰ٣ҶԭΪɳֳԼˣʵȴǣɳҲҲ

ʱֵ鷢ˣһֱͨĽȻһ΢ĲЩԼлصƺ

Щ𵴣ԭȻƮʼӿƺؿš

Ҷ֪ʲôзӿֵȴ˵ЩȻӿֵȫٽսַҲ¡

Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ΪأҪֲסˣҶĬĬ˰˲ƣ˲һ˫ȭͷǿݺݵȵıϡ

һȭû˿ڣȫʵʵһӰѴ벻ȥѵҳһЩٿصҲ˲ɢ

˻һɣ׷׵䣬Ҷæסǣɾǰǻָ



ȳХһִˣû뵽ղŻǿ֮ĩİҶȻˮܸԼôһȭƽʱɹᱻҶóѣڣҲˣҶ򵽡



ȵˮʱ룬ϷһעˮСˮһӷٵתһʵˮЩܿ㷴ŵϣһס

ȵļƣҶЦⲫ⣡

û˼άֿռ䣬ôΧķɵвҲⲫȻҲӰ죬ȴȷӰСˡ

Ǻ޻ڵһȭҶȭͷݺݵȵϡȵ˽ȥ̵ҺзɽҶܸеʲôˡ

ȴûкˣϵɷ˲䱬һߵĵز˫Ҳճȭ򳯰Ҷ

Ҷڽĳʼ㿪ʼðҶ˲ˣһУͬʱҲ˲˳ȥȵ˫ȭֻɨаҶӰӡ



ˮƮȵͷϲڽˮˮҲŵϣԽԽǿ

ȴһ˫ֻûȭͷӭϰҶֻȭͷҵĲ֮䵴ϵ¶⵽˴ݲУ˻ָһɾһԼָ



Ҷȭⲫʱȸ⣬ȸɳʯǵսҲ˸߳ɳʯǱǳ壬սһûˣֻǶɫȸԵǱض࣬һ·ãͷҲɢң˵սȴȸռϷ硣

ɳʯȻ̨عûʱ䣬ЩӶΪûȫ㿿ҵͩȸսôãҲ쵽˾ͷ

ɳʯܵˡָˣɣֻԣǻѾ

ҵͩɳʯһһڵ̽ϵĻԽԽԽԽҲԽԽʤԶԶȥϵ̫Ƶġ

ôȸȻ֪ʲôɵعЦͬھ𣿹㻹񣡡

ȸ˫һţһӴڵ˼ߵգȻȫһʱӰһ޴Ĵƶˣһ֣ЩɢʣµֻĻ棬춼ȼš

ȸı壬״̬£ĳЩֶλԸɳʯǵȴǺá

ɳʯѾڱıԵȸʲôҪ֮ǰ뷨ҵ̺ͩȻһ˫۾ʱõĺ

ɱ

ɳʯǣĸΪŪ¸֣û뵽ȴѵʶ±˿šͬھо

ҵıըɳʯϷһ˲ͻ

|⣬ǿҵĳ˷ӿȥڵһˣĳһ裬ǿһӰеĳסȻȸУһţɳʯǱȫһߣٵطȸУ̽

ȸʤˣǱߣħҲս󣬴ħ׵ħԵ쳣ʵϡȴ쳣ˡ

˾֮ĪǮԶˡ˿ܽƣΪ˰ƣѿ壬ԭΪ˵ʧܴ󣬲ȻԭȵΪǿĿܵĻȸħҲܻܡ

ħһ߼ܵĹûһգ÷飬Ҳˣſ߿ܱƵ

ͬˡָڣǵɳʯһǵؿкϹսʯ̺Ȼҵͩ˵㡣һ𣬾ԱȸղɳʯԱصĶࡣ

سǡǿͷǿķ

ϵȸţȻ񱩣Ҳе߿ԽԽΣյϢ

Ϊ춯صսЩҪôܻ˳ǣҪôԶԶ뿪ˣԣֻȸħȸһУħձǺӷȥ

߿Ѿǹӵòʯһ㣬ҪԽԽΣյζǺζĵܡ

ϵȸɳʯǱˣȻſ죬籡Ŀ߿ܡ

䡭

߿ܱˣˣԭΪӰҶӳˣû뵽˸ӺڰȦôض֪ˡ

ǱˣɳʯǻҪǿҵĳܷŰȥȸȸǰķȸˡ

ħյض˻УȸȻеȻһһľսȻͣǺеֶƬ̣ȻһЩΪ͵ı˹ȥΪߵԵίҲϹսʯıĺܿ¡

ħħףһ󷨣ʼָȸϢ˺ҲֱڵϻָЩжַ׷֣ܳȸѾĿȫǣĿܼ֮ȸǵĻĶȫһ޼ʵƽأԶɽȫʧˡ



鱦ЩΪµȻʸˮסˣһᣬȻвȥ

ЩֵûʸϺͻħеĪôö˶˵ؾˣ

鱦УȻԼǣǹĶԼ񣬵治ϵɱϷİļԽԽѣеԼȥĳطڵԼƵġ

ܣɶȥ

ٴסԼв²⣬Լ߻ħıԵˣȻôþأ

СûгȥѾӻ꾳ȫˣԴ˼䱻ɳʯץסȻܵ˿ƣΪȴʵʵڵˣҲ֪ɳʯֶΣȻ˶ɹνѵΪ

ЩΪӦöİɡ֪ɳʯǵΪСҲһЩ

С࿴һԵȥ󾫸ĸоɲ֪ΪʲôüͷСҲеһţƺԼϢϢعš

鱦棬ħͻʸڲ޹ԭ򣬵Ȼ䣬Ǹеһɼǿʮͻأس鱦УϢȻЩϤͬʱ˶뵽һӰҶзɳƮƮɫҳ

鱦УһƬʵĻҳƯҳУһʵӰӣӰԽԽܿ죬еĻҳһ𣬱һ޾׵ŮӣҶĻ϶ᾪ֣пǸڷɳеǰȻĳˣ

Ůӳ鱦У鱦еСȴӶħƵģȻʼȥԼϵ·ȻһΣ¶Լıࡪޱߡ

СȻޱȣ֪ΪʲôŮӵļâ£СѸСܿͱúСһСɫɫ

СߣС漴һԵȥҲ⣬ʣҲһɱϢ



ڶһ ɳֻ

ڲ֪бŮӿţĲУ³ʺӣһػס

ͬʱƺҲеʲôϢԽԽģȻȥһ

ɳûŮָһӨ׵ָɢʵĹͷҷϢѾ˽ƣȻǶɹ˾ŴνѵˣָҲʧǵġ

ָǰһ㣬ָʱһֻķ۵ʵĹ⣬ϸϸâȥ

һˡŮз૵ĵ׷һ顣

ɵͷϣСزϣȻ۾ˣͬǰЩ񣬴ʱ۾ͺһ޵׶·һһȥ˶ҪȥƵġ

ͬʱ׻ĵ£ҶھҵײֿͬʱȥȹЦˣȻˣͲҲ㣡

ҶǱɨȥȴ֣ǾȻ춼⣬εԼʲôҲ塣Ҳʲôо

ô£淢ʲô£

鱦ˣ϶ȵı

ҶһŽ˫ȭٴδ

ȿҶпʼ룺ӦҵؼƻɹˣֻرˣȻǾͿȡˡ˷ʱˡ

뵽ȾҪ㿪ҶĹ׼ͨȥǣֻǣ׼㿪һ˲䣬һɫϸӰ˲һӴ۾λУȻһɾʹͷûӦʱ򡣱㶨סж

ҶҲǵɫӰӣҲȵ״ȭͷҲȺλͣ

Сס

ҶһӴпǰɫӰӣȻһֱûжСף

СǶޣҪ߼Ķ࣬ĳǳҲû٣ңõ˴ǽᾧᾧ̺Ķܲģ˵ĳЩطȰҶҪ

СޣܸӦϲҶϢһֱ֮⣬ڰҶ·ҶսֹҲûô뿪

սС˳ȥһԣ˫С۾һֱעųеı仯üΣɳȥʼնΣڶܵ˲Եķˣؾ޴СһӾץˣһֱ͵ĴڳȥֱȵС

һ壬С׵һɢһðҶŴͻ֣ᷢһſſ΢ʵһֻֻ΢ССףЩ΢С˲͸ȵȫסлܣ

ͻȻĹһӴˣӦʱȻûһ취һַĵ׵ؿ־æֱӰýȥ

ֻʱ򣬰ҶҲµ״

ҶС׿סȣ뻻аסȻ䣬ڵһ𵴣ȫһѪȻͷ֣еĽһһһµš

һֱصеĲһһ飬ҵʹιȥľʹֻһᣬЩųȥûκθо

ӰҶϷĲһӰ׼ĽģҲһܵشСƺҵ˻ᣬٴηȾط֣޺С߾Ȼ꣬СƺһӴǿһҲѡ

Ҫ

ȵȻĺУСеǽᾧȴ˿飬ܿͰܵشȵոɾȵҲڶ̶̵˲ЩۣٳʱȻСס

ҶϵĲţ֣ⲨһʼԼ˻⣬ȻûʲôΣģַ֣ⲨûΣȻЭ

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û뵽ԼȻɢ޸Ĳһͷʲôط

еزϵƺ޾ƵġأǵͳĺҲԽԽǿҶֱöҲðҶϲǣ

ǿ󣬶޸ǿ

ҶȻϲû뵽ǣЩԼٶȳ˷ɢȥٶȱ˲ƻҪ죡

ȸ⣬ǿҵսˣǾҵصĳӰȴûнȸħվһ㺧Ȼ̧ͷֻɳʯǺ߿ܱըĵطƾճϸϸĺɫ棬Щû˿ôƾյȼţϸϸ״ԽԽ׳

⣡ͬʱһ˲ϵˡæǱȥͬʱȸе뿪ȸǣȥǣ죡

ЩȻ֪ȸΪʲôô˻ӵģæסЩ˵֣Ǻϵش·ȥ

ȸħȼһƬط̶̵ʱ䣬ĻҳһԶؼ䣬ȻȫǵĻ棡

˻࿴һۣеĵĵɫ¶ţ

ְطΧסʱһɵĲȻķ

ǲˮһ㣬֮漣СЩǸֱϨˣ

˺ȻԡʲôȻôɵؾͰϨˣ

˵ľȲŸտʼŲĲϴѾŵϨˣԭȻԽԽǿʢˣЩƽ̺Ĳ̬Ҳرǿʢ

ô£ͬʱȥǾȺԻ

ͬҲеǺƵĲʸϺͻħ鱦ⲻҽȥǿǲԽ׳ذ벽˲֪Ǻʱ͸еǲЩһʸϲõˮ֮һӾɢˣЩʧȥǵ˲ָѣȻֶ׷˯ȥܿ죬ϳʬ壬˯ˡ

ʸϣ㿴ħȵŴ۾

ʸҲǾ֣æ䵽ϣּһͨʱ૵ЩĲ̬ȻҲڻָ

鱦ڣɳûŮתһͷ˵ã

𣿡ǸЩƮЩУȷǲйͺġ

˵ʱȫûʲô仯һ˫׵۾Ϣû˿ı䣬СȻĲϣֻ۵Ҳųͣͷϡ

Ϊʲôңɳʵ

ʱ䵽ˣŮػشš

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ߣһΪǵļһ

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ҲǵˣֻأʱˣҶѾ鲨ҲԳⲨʱ㿪ĸţ

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˵ţȻϹ⣬Ϲ⽻֮һƬҶˣҶһһݻƣҲֻء

ŮӵͷȷʵһУڵ嶼ñ˵ģֻе֮ҲܿԼˣ

ЦЦȻ֣ѲϵССʱǻУ˵Ҳɣޱ߾ȻҲǻҵ֮һ

Ů˵ҶȻҶͬ·֮ħһ󣬸ħ˻죬ϵΪ飬ħ˴֮Ϊޱߣ˸ˣڣʺĻָ

𡭡˵С£˵˵ɼֻ˰

ˣ߰ɣ

ɳ˵ͷͷС˵СϣԭҶԴãȻǧҲ뿪뿪ʱҾġ

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ɳҲɢŵĹ⻪ȻǵӰԽԽֱȫʧ



ڶһ ݻ֮

Ҷһػָеľϲ֮ԽԽǿʢٵǻʵ

ⲨʲôȻĹЧҶ˼⣬ֻջָԼ򿪽Լȥһ翴

ʱһƬҶƾճ֣Ȼ񱻷ɨһƵģֱƮҶҶֽӹһϢС

ֻأϢҶֺ÷зɳСϢƺڸ߰Ҷһ

ɳСࣿôһֻɽôУɳ뿪Լȥ𣿵ô£Ҷ벻׵⡣

ҶڰҶУܿͺһֱˡ

ˣڣƽϰƺȫɨƽˣҪͳһˡ

Ҷ񣬿һڻָˣĲָ죬ҶԼҲһȫָˣٶЩ

˴붨֪Լ̶̵ʱȻȫָˣȻȣȴû˵ʲôҶɽˣɽĳֹɡ

ӡǰ׷ϵ㣿ʵ

ҶʱˣЦЦ˵أ

˵ţһ֣սеһȫ˳ЩȻš

Ȼظо˵

俴Щˣ˵ȻˣЩȻܵӰ죬ⲻǿѲ

õģҶ˵ָһԵСףСȣ˵ǽᾧȡȵȻ֪ⷨ

Ҷ˵˲ŷ

Ȼ˵Ȳ׻һ𣿰׻Ҳ𣿡

˶Ǹ֣ԴȴûиӦ׻Ϣ뵽֮ǰȽսȿŰ׻ġ

ҶҲ£˰׻ˣæɨһ£ܿͷһ쳣ĵطƬ̺ȻҪ׻ûҲˣ

Ҷֱ˲ƹȥֻһԲε̨ӣ̨ʮ޴ӣ֮ɾʯӣγһ󷨣ֵĺģ׻ⲿΪ򱻽롣Ϊṩ

Ҳ˲˹˵ȲмԵɾʯˣ

Ҳ˵Щ޵ȷʵÿƣð׻ֻήԼˮƽṩȴǸ÷

ʱЦЦ㣬㲻𣿡

ߣСӲԵԺɾˣϣȡѵҪôóˣ

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˵ţ㿪ʼʩչһ䵽ܵؾ޴ϣ˸һᣬʩڰ׻ϵĽƱʧˡ

ǣҶ֮ǰ˵ģ׻Ҳˣǰȫãֱṩľʯʹãν˽ǣ޻ʣ޼ˡ

˵ǰɢڣû˱ˣ

ȷʵˣʱİ׻òɢˣһΪΪˣ

˯İ׻Ͱ׻ޣ鶼һǺʲô

ȻҶҶ˵Ǿ֮ۼߣɢ

ǾסɽϵǾֱӿͨɽһ㷲⣬ҲܰѷڶתƵɽȥҪΪ

ж࣬ɽǰ׼Ҿܷŵ

Ҷش㣬˵֮ǰ㽻ҵĶ󲿷ֶ׼ˣٲҲҲˡ

Ц˵ȫµ£ôˣһͷҲǿԵģ

˵ȻˣǿЩɣȻһ޸ˣϻǴģҪץʱ䣡

˶˵ͷ

ҶȵСս⣬ҲսȻһ˲ƣ棬ľ֮ǰ仯࣬ԵľһѹֵգУһ鶯ϢеضһӶˣո֡Ҳˡ

ҶһڵزǽѾʼˣҲмƣò˶ãĲͿƽϢˡ

Ĳͺˣ

Ҷ֪ǿأˡһ𳯰׻ǵĻǺӶȥ



ˮĽüͷһ壬૵ȵϢûˣ

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ˮĽҡҡͷϵط⣬Ǵ鲻ģңϢҲӰ졣

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ʼɣǧǰӸöˣ

˵˻ˣһʧٳʱѾһĶˡ

ȷʵС塱ɣܷԲǧûбߵġңĶ˺ܳһξ붼ʮϸվĶλãָֻͷϸ⣬ɽŵģٹʮ꣬ɽܾ͸еһˡ

һֻŲھķˣǰҲһˣֻģӰӣ˿С

ȥĶɣһӦ䣬С£

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ҶֱӻصǣӦųзɳϢСϢҶٴԻôһģȥ

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뵽С࣬ҶȻ뵽˻

ŰɣǾƽҾͿԶð׼ˣ



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ҶڵĲɢɢˣָԭȵ״ֳֻ̬ðҶ³۷״̬

죬СҲĲˣҲ˽꾳ķЩȻԵĸŪѡ

֮󣬷Ӧһħһ˾תתȥס̾ϢЩ㶵ģҶãһʱָһ£㿪ʼæĳǡ

˴Σĳп˵ֻûзһ䶯ξǣֻ˴Ϊ»߸ûΪļһȸǺͰ׻ǣʧأȸܣǺϺɳ

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ȻռˣҾͿʼ׼ɡ

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֮ǰҶܵ޵Ӱ죬ԴʶС֮ͲˣСڡЩǲӰġ

ƻȷʼԺ󣬰ҶֱС״һȥͲϡͬʱС׸붫غǣҪ

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ֹ˼գҶϣʼһȺ˳ȥ

ΪԷһҶŵ˲ֻ࣬жˣ˷׷׻صԼλͬʱź֮ɢ顣

ֽж죬ڱȶҪĵطﺣޱ鲼Ȼ󷨾ʤɹŴνѵ˹Ҳʬ޴棬ԣЩŵرɼҲ࣬ҲΪˣ˵Ǻ仯ٵصط

䶼Ǹ֣·Ȼ٣һûü͵˶ıԵһ·ϣƿصؽ󷨣ʱжһ

ЦЩ󷨽ƿȥûʲôû뵽ȥȻôۣ

˵ıһ·ǵЩ

ҲǶķֶЦֶͬʱҲֹħģħͷҪòƿЩص󷨽ϰȻûϰ·ﶼж˰š

˻ЦЦͬʱ򶫼Ҳȴûϸ̽ȥȻǰȻһ޼ʵĺˮǿеظоĲͬϢĲͬ

ǰ˻鶯ϢƮѹвֳв

˸վûһᣬһӰԶ֮ǰһСףС׵ļңȻϤֱӹ·ϵһЩϰת۾͵˰Ҷߣ˰Ҷĸ첲ϣ˻˻

ˣȻ㶼׼ˣǾȥɣ

С׶԰Ҷ˵϶źˣЩͲϵҲͻȥˣðҶԷơ

˸СףԽʣµ·󷨺ͽƣٵسǰȥܿ죬ǾͿ˺ߡ

ǰҲǳɽ룬ɽȼǺӵɽҲˮ

澰ܶ࣬ҶǸ½ؾͿԶһˮֱʣ¡¡ڶˮǰ͵һˮһξ룬ֿһƬɽ壬ЩɽƮƮظû˿󷨳УɽȻﻨ㣬зɳޣûۿĺţҶֿһ޴ĺɫննмʮҶҲײƣҳ״ĵη

ʶһ·澰Ǻܿ͵СװæҵƳأһСһƽ̨ܵɽߣɽˮ㣬ʮ㡣

ҶҪĲ϶ܣǼУñԭԡ

ҶƵĻ⣬ǾͬһķЩر



ڶһĽ 

Ҷϸ鿴һϣ׼ĳ㣬¾㿪ʼˡ

˺СһǵĺܣػƳأҶҲʩչİ£ЩһһߵʹƮڿУɰҶժ

ɽǾƵģҶ˵ÿǾرţ˵еǾƵķȫһǾ֮ԽǾҪΪ̺ǾϢ̶ȵظӦɽ

ǾҶûκζ¯ӰӡأǣΪ¯ħΪΪԷΪģԼΪ̺ȫǿһеĲϡ

ԭļƻУҶҪһһģгӯΪԣɴͬʱеĲϣҲֻп޵Ĺ

ػ˸еӿӿضʼתз׷׾Ǿĳ棬ͬʱҲӾ۾ػԷ⡣

ҶǾɽ򴫳һĶϢ

Ǳ棬뺣һСһȺ۷׷ס

С

ȻģԴӵһֱСûСٶȿ졣ò˼꣬ͳ˵֮ˡ

Ƿغ¶ˣ

Ǻ˴뺣˵Ϣ뺣˳ظӦ˵ȷ䡣

˵Ҫѵɻڳȷ䣿

ǣ뺣ŷ䡣ѷϢĻȴ֮٣Ǹ˽Ҹо˷ﲢûи߼ˣ֪˭˵ģǰ׼ҵڷ䣬Ҳǰ׼ҵȷ䡣

׼ҵˣŶӦǰ׼ҵǸ̥ˣ˵ڷ䣬ԴӷҲֻ

۷׷ףҲͬ˵

ǰ׼ҵķ̥𣿡

ûڲ֪һʱзˣӦҲ˵˹ڷĵ˵ֻҪǰ׼ҵķ̥ȥĺľͿ϶ᱩ¶ʱ˭ȡ˺ģΪһ֮

˶˽Ĳ˵ûдﵽʥļ𣬶˽ʲôҲûСУĴ˵һЩأʱ䳤˶֪ɽ磬ֹһ䣬ǧǧ磬Ȼɽ߼磬ӵһȫԼ磬Ҳʮ˵ء

ΪĴ˵Եڷĳ˵һڶ˱㿪ʼкܶ˶ɷģܳΪԼǸˣ˵ջ

ЩȻҲ֪ĴңҲᣬȻҲ֪ϣãܹҪƴһƴ

ȻĺĻᱩ¶ɽô࣬Щ˲һܵõһЩɥ˵

Ȼƴһ»лᣬǲȥƴһƴǿɾһ˿ᶼûˡ

ȷʵǸ˶ɼµΪɽĻΣ֪ԼȥֻǴ֣һԼƴ󣬵õ˷ģҲǲܵģ

һȺСоۼйط飬ͬڱҲ˶֪ģΪܵõģΪҲһԣ㷲伴ҲԸŹᡣ

׼ҴУҶүүһվ泯۾Ҳţʱһµ˽ȫϼתһ˫۾⣬жͷǰɫӡǣ˵ǿǰҶõܰ

үݵ

飿

½緲𣿡



ȷʵˣǰҶ˵һЩڷ˶˻˵ļȡһأ

۾عͷһ˫۾ʵǹ⣬ΪⷲΣ

үү½磬ñһʯˣҲܵӰ죬ֻһ飬ӰҲǺܴ󣬲ȡģǵ

ûеͷҲûҡͷֻ˵һƬӰ컹ǲСģҲ˵ˣְҶڷ䣬ⷲľҪ

һ㶣ǰҶ

֮ǰҲ˵ʹ׼ҵķ̥֪Ҷ̥ʲôֶүүĻ֪ԭ

Ȼ־ڷ䣬һúˣֱȡˣǰ׼ҲԻ档˵

˭룬ȴҡҡͷ˵ֲУϾǷ̥ЩֶΣⷲһҲʺ룬ҪյĻȡ

ңУһ˵

еǹΪʲô

ҲҪĶٵ˵һֱ԰Ҷݹڻ԰ҶǷ̥е裬ҪܰҶŪضкܲ

Ҳûֻǵ˵㲻ҪǷ绪˷֮˿ɾҪˣ

˵˿˵֪һ˶ڻȽϡ֪𣿶ڷĺģЩͿˡ

üͷһ壬𣿡

䵭˵ǷϽ硣䷢ʲôû˱Ǹȴû˿Ķ֪Ϊʲô𣿡

ҡҡͷ

Ѿˣɷ˥ȥǻܵõԶӰ죬ʹʹȻ˳֣Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣǺΪԣڵ֪ʱȻûʲôֹ·Ϊɽ⣬ҲΪ˷ĺģ˺ģֻҪɽʮֿ꣬һµķ䣬ͬҲᵮһɻʣ

˵ѾˣɽĴ׼ٵˣֻ²˾γӦǵԲŲŲʣѾʼ׼ȡģңӵ˷ĵˣпܳΪµɻʣ

ò˵Ǹ̫ջֻһܳΪһɻʣǺģҪ֪ܶˣҲһ޵ʥؼ𣬶̶̵ܳΪɽ綥˲òİ

ܲܳΪɻʣ⻹ҪȻᣬǾͲܷŹǰ׼Ȼƴ󣬵ȴɾûУܳΪɻʣǰ׼˵ٺòģ

û˵ƺ˼˵ȥɣҶҲĻҪʱգż

˴תȥǰյصط૵ɻʣôջ۰Ȼ֪Ǹ壬ǻǻ᲻һеȥɻʵֶιȻ

һߣ԰ҶȽϤķ绪˷ʣҲڷ绪ҵɸ֮׷绪ǬĽ̻塣

˷ʣҲǰ׼ҵķ̥ҲнӴûصֶ𣿡

СӵַȻҲʽϣʵˣʣ˷䣬ȻԵÿȷҲǲܡ

Ǻǣ̫ˣһɲ˵˵ɻʵֶΣҶȻɻʣҲи

˷ʴʱһɫսۣ˵ǰһ粽˵

֣һ̥ҾȥǺ

Ǻǣ˷ʣãȻǸǸڰ׼ҵǸСһﲢ

˷۾һУֻһ湦ǲһأ

úáҲܴĴ⣬ĵЩŵҲ࣬ڴһɽ綼֪ˣԣɱ﷭

˷ʹһЦȻʱ³çѾڸˣ˵߲ǻµġ

绪ǬֻǳǳһЦͷ˵绪˷͸ǣתɳɸ

绪ǬŶ뿪Цҡҡͷ˷ʣξǶؿɣĵõòνģؼܲܳ󡭡

ͬʱ绪Ǭеһķ飬ƮķĩƮһ֮⣬˵ǹ⡣ȫޡ



ɻʣǵļƻչš˳ǰ˵

ɻʵͷˡ鶼տţЩŵ˳úǷЩˣ֮дõأ

ɻʷģҴ˷ѵġ

ǺǣǾͺãˣôˣ

ǵڲڵĸ綼Ѿǿơ

ɻֵͷǾͺãȥæɣ˳㿴˵Ѿͨһˡ

ǣ

˵νޣɻһڲˮԶɴ



Ҷ֪ɽԷѾʼ۷׷ˣֻһںеĲϣЩϣһѰĿɶǷŵرô׵ģҶȫںϵʱҲܳ

ûдﶬֻ䣬ҶеĲϽ˵һ鴦ȫתһ̬ʱʱѾʮͷ⻹һȫõʱ䣬ǰһǿҪʮˣ

˵һЩ̬زѾͬˣȫ˾Өʱ߲ϼ壬ЩЩճƮƮظؼ䣬ʱۼʱɢۻҡ

Ҷ֪ЩƷؾòϣƮ壬һڣֻǾصһ棬ҪǽдǱøǿ

ҲһսҶûƹʲôڣȴǺɣųһΰǾƳɹӵĺģһҲû֣ͣ漴֣ʼضЩӨʱʼϵر仯̬ٻûһ㡣

ػ˺ЩȻǵĸλʮʱ˵ֻת۶ʮǰƺûڣҶʼ˵ڶǲŻͷ˿ǵصҲеһ𣬲ܿǾͻָ˹עܡ

ʱǴҴţǾƣĻ˼ĸı䣬Ҷ֣ǾȻи﷢沨һʣԸģԽԽǿʢҿʼӰȥȥֻҪ꣬Ҷ㲻ǸҲ÷ָ

ǣҶ֪вͨģȲ˵ǾƾͽˣһƽǾЧܾûˣңãȻΣյġ

˵һƾɵǽǾ޲޲ǸǰǽˣĲ½һȫµǽӣǺȻ顣



ڶһ ɢ֮ǰ

ҶеĻǺ˳ģʱ䰲ضɹˣûңҲס˳޵ķȻʱ䳤ЩȴﵽõЧ

Ǿûй̶״ԱκζԻΣڣҶǰǾԭʼ״̬Ĳ࣬һŹš

Ҷ۾ǾУǾϢֻҪ֣Ǿ㳹ˡ

ָһɿ¹ǹǾϢʼǾɢ

ǾϢʲôûеǸⲻ˵ģҶҲ˵ףֻܸеԼŵһ磬֪еĲһɸ߸ϡĸо

ЩȻĸо⣬ҶҲظоǾһǰδеٶչڣ򿴵֪ķзΧģЩ֪ĵطҲʾ

ⲢڵǾﵽģͬʱҲĺġ

ǵһ֪ԭҲһĵģƽʱ򲻻ʾģҲֻԼľٶɡ

Ҷ֪ĻڰڰСԼǾȹ̷ɽͨʱſȫչֳ

о՝ĸоҶãԼΪ־ˣûǾİԼҲ췽ԲʮطΧ˰ɡ

ڰҶɿָͷǾϢʱ򣬲еһɲɿܵѹ֣ɽ綼һɲ

ɽʮһصĽ¹ͷžơЦ׼ҵСӶģôˣ׼ҵزСﰡ

һſŵħ̧ͷ˶۾һߡ˵ҶȻɽ֮壬֮⣬֮ѡ׼ȷʵ׳š

ʱ䣬ȥϰףǼһһֱŲˣúúýѵѵ¹ȫǸˣͷžƣħ뿴۾ҲŸˣſڵϱ۾

׼ңھ޵İ䶸Ȼ۾˫޾ǹӺһӿֱ䵽Դͷ૵ϢôϢ

绪ҡ绪ǬҲ˵ͬĻͬɽﶼɻҲ¶˾ȵɫ

¹ȻʦϢ͸͸һû˿ķ̥⵨ȷʵҵϰ

ɻ˵ţӶ¹ӽһֱڲ²ⶫ¹׸˰ҶʲôȻܲµǾȴû¹ȻʦϢ˰Ҷǿ˿ǾضҶǾҪǿǾ

ɻȻܿӺܶණ¹ҲʲôͨˣȻֶβ˿ӣɻҲ֪Ҷеʲôڣ׵չֳˡ

ã̾ϢһȻһöǣҲǻϽͰ򣬲ֹһˡ

뵽ǿʼ΢΢Ҳƽ

ҶֻǾǾϢŹתںϣгЩо⣬ֽӿһɸж¡

ʱٴתǼʮȥˣӿʼڣʱ䣬ǾϣǾɵ˲䣬ʧӰ٣ⶫƵģڣֻܻģɻʣҲҵ

ʱ䣬÷ֹס˥ĽŲҶҪľɢĴڴ󽵵ͣţûฺ̫Լжаġ

ƺҲΪҶ죬Ǿȥһɲǣضɢ֮⣬ƵںзڣħʼɫĻ꣬ɽֵǺȻǡ

֪һЩϢ˶֪ҶɹˣȻܶ˲֪ҶռôҪʲôڣǶ֪Ƕɹˡ

ڰҶȥƵʱ㡢ѾվˣС׺ǼڱǵؼĸǺǣҲڵŰҶ

꣬ҶڳɹˣЦ˵

ҲЦ˵ӣˣ

ֻǳҶЦЦҲϲɫ

СͲ˰ҶĲϣ˻˻ؽиͣ

ɹǾ

ıˣ˵²ɡ»ԭ䣡

֪Ҷ˵Ҫɢˣ׼ȻȻ˵лһ˿Ѿûʲô˵ˡ

˵ͷС׵ȺҲ˲˵ԼҲԷĹԸϢһǶӰҲ΢΢ˡ

ãٺòˣҶҲһϲһֱɢĿطߡħϣڶ޺ЩڹһĴڲô棬ڹðҶĹԷѾðҶϲˣЩǾȻԼԷ⹦ǿٺòˡ

Է⣬ԵĿǱɢΣյΪԷʱǺԱġǷҲܶǲвڣﱾյءǵһݱϡ

ҶȻվȫ׼зġԼٲҲ÷ΪԼľٶܵ˺

ȻǾͻȥú׼ɣ

Ҷ˵˺ͺѾ׼˻ȥ·һϹŵش󣬿ֱӴӶ͵Աߵĵطλǰ֪һδӺ˵ʱôţһ֮£ǳ֮ʲôҲû˵󷨣Ҳòġ

ŰҶ˹ǰ￴ȥһƬͨʯ֣£ҶҲûʲôŵһħʱҶȻһͼӰȵ˵ȻǸ󷨣

Уҵʯֱһţһһ֡

Ϲʱƽȣ˱Ҳͳˣڣǲˡ̾һ̤С

ҶҲ̾Ϣһֺγǣ

֮УСЩ޻ҪԼĳѨŶߣ¿ʱٴʱ

ҶŹعâ˸ת۾͵һƬĺУǳֺ󣬽ºˮеɢ

˵ǰҶ֪Ϊʲôᷢ⣬ڣ֪ˣǺǣ

ػдһ˿пϹ󷨣ôоȻû֪

Ц֣¿ٵ֮ʱҲǿԲóء

Ц˵λĿⲻҪֻҪĿɽ磬ﲼó󷨲ֵýأ

䶼ǹһЦͬ߼

˴ŵĸˣֱ˲ƵһϣдֻжãȻŹ

ǻصǺʱѾڵȺˣȻҶ֪Ҷ

Ѿ꣬ҶٵȥУ̶̵һʱ䣬±㶼һɢ

ɢ֮ǰҶҪһȺ飬ɢ֮󣬸α

¼֣ǱΪ

У˶ɢˣûɢǻٺܴѹѹģһСģܿ߻ħħɲǱħûǵħħɱ˥Σ

Ҿۼһô󷨱

УɢһʵУͽǾ춯صģ󷨿϶һ˲䱻ɢ󷨶ʧ룬ϱ鲼·ƺ󷨻ᱻĸɸɾ

󷨲УǾñÿһ

УȻɢĳڻĶ󣬵һɢϺܳһʱ䶼ᴦ˥״̬ʱ򲻵ܱˣûĲӰ˱Ϊòʧ



Ҷ˵飬Ҳڼƽϣʵʱ˼ˣЩ˵Ķʵ飬ҶҵĹ֯һ𣬲ɢɢ֮أ

˺ܾ֮󣬰Ҷ뷨뷨ЩǿĴڻԣ˵ʣֻѾɢ˹Ǳø

ԣҶ˼˺ܾã뵽һ취

˲ϵȻַ񶨣ٷ񶨣ɼҲһֱ˼غԼ⡣

ûʲôҶ˵˵һɣ



ڶһ ɢ֮ʱ

µɢȥȫȥ˼䱾ȶĵط֮һȻɢ˹ڷеЩָ˵ȴȻǺܸ߼ģϾֻҪɢԪӤҾˣ򲻵еġ

⣬ӰСĵطϷǸ̽⣬Ȼƽûбʺϵĵطˡ

ߣͨ飬ˮ齻ڵģһ𣬿̶ȵظȾգЩ߶ҲԽԽС

󣬴ҶһûԷҲûзɢʲôΥҲиԲߣ˵һ䡣

ҶԼ뷨˵꣬˶Ĭˣȷʵ˴ѵѡֻЩԴ֮󣬶ٶһͼȺ壬Ͽǣнֻ϶ѣƽʱôɣԷʱָ߸ϵԽжǲɱģҲΪˣ˴ûǹ

ڰҶ˵ףСһᣬɸͬ˰Ҷ

֮ǰȥʱɳ֣Ƕ̶̵ʱԷѾЩ˽⣬һ˽˵˼ϷȻ𣬵ɽˮ㣬ϢҲŨǴɾﰲ

ҶÿԣҲ׷׵ͷʱѾΪµɵ˹԰Ҷ˵Ѿˣ

˵Ȼݡ沮һȥ̣ͬʱݣһֱûôţ沮оˣƵĺʱ䣬ڲϡ

Ŷˣ

˵꣬һȥǸΪݸصطͬҶһȻǸصĸǡ

ݸĲøħһĲãܿյģֻһ쳣ƽ̨沮վһԣвϷƽ̨ǹ⣬һؾۼʱƽ̨ϳһͼΡ

˻֪ʲôҶȴһ۾ͿˣǾǸʱҸǰݣʾŵԼһС

ڵݿɱ㵱Ǹ¶ˣǷͼˡһǿõصͼ

Ϊݣƺ沮ûߵطڰҶͷµأضǷ㡣Ȼ߱磬ǾҪѳǧ꣡

һԵɱǸöˣʲô¶ˡ

ȷʵǿ˼Ϸĵ̵ɱѾȥ˼꣬ĶҲƽϢˣʺǹȥ

ϣǿƽżЩҲҪʱ䣬ϷѾЩˣֵʵ̫ˣߺħͷ˼䴫˵Ƿ˽ȥصطԵڣϷҲࡣ

ݣ۵ĵطչǰˣ֮ǰûпݣǰۿͬʱߵСţ۵Ļصѡݱ

գͨʾöɢ֮ҴĳأǺﱻһֱŵЩڴʧȥԪӤǣҶֱɢ֮°ǡ

ʱ䣬ҶǱϸϸÿһϸڣ첻ۣͣһжʼִС

˶صԼλãµˣöĵصϣͬʱҶǺء

һֱиػҴǺŵĸ֣ΪǵϢƽ͵ģڻǺԪӤ˵ûѹɣĿֱӾͱǵϢɢˡ

ҶҲϢһģֵͨļ֮ظǰ

ȷʵһɢźҶˮε

㣬ԿתҶۿȥֻˮϡҶϻϣƮšվšһСС˶ÿһС磬ʵĹ⣬ǶԪӤ֮壬ǿصάסڵ״̬ġ

ЩûԪӤĻˮУ벻ˮһ뿪ˣٵΣվͻɱӡ

ЩԪӤҶˣʱѾ˵ˣҶȻǵһӰͱЩԪӤϤˡ

Ҷˣǵ𣿡

һɲһԪӤϷҶͷ˵Ϊ˶Ҫɢɢʱرɫ

ܵӰ죬Ϊ˴ҵİȫһѴҶУѾú˵طǽȥ󣬲

ˣɣ

ԪӤͻǿ˵ûһ㹥ЩŵرŵرЩֶΣȴ˲ժˣЩûǡѾϴ˱΢

ϣԺʱָܻϰɣҶ̾ʼʩչеԪӤ

¹̵ġա־ܺã̶̵һյĹ򣬾ͰеԪӤռɾСǶúõشţûһ⡣

ռ󡣰ҶǺվڲԶϵͷҲ˵ͷ漴ɢػôҾʰװȥ伯ϡ

ҶȻţһҪҪͨĴܿ͵˼ϷҪһ󷨣ɢʱǿĹӰ졣

ʮ֮󣬰ҶѾˣ󷨷Բǧһ޴Ŀռ䣬ʱ죬ռеߡħͷֵȵȡ

ʮ죬ЩϲǿʼշˣһĳǳأͬʱҲʳһƬ֮÷쳣

֮󣬴ұ㶼ʼȴʱһ㿪ʼɢ

ҶƶˣڣӦֻһˣڤڤУ֪Լˣ۾תԲǧȫС

ͬʱ˶е˰ҶϢ

ɢ

ÿ˶˰Ҷÿ˶ָԼΪ֮ߵԪӤʼ⻪ԪӤϷɳɢռ

ħͷǰħֱóħɢ

³ڵǰЩ³ȥ

ħǻͻģȣͬӪ˶ڲͬĳǳУǳ֮ɰҶ󷨿ƣģɣ˸ħ̹غб鲼УУǹ˸鶯Ĺ㼱ٵתš

ҶӶ̬Ϊվ̬еųеϢӸԳеϿճҶ㼯

Ӵľһ㣬šš˻ţڰҶ߾ȻڰҶͷһɿɳ֮⣬˷ӿȥ

֮һɢؾ۾ۺϺϣ統һضϴˢһ顣

ֻз䣬񴵹һ磬ûжٱ仯

ꡢǧ꣬ǧһΪɢȥֻһʱ䣬һ֮ǰһʦǶɹνѵһֻ֣ǸոտʼɽٵһˣعҲǸտʼǸʱڣֻʣ¸ոάԪӤħͷǵħҲ״̬ͬǵڵҲˮˡ

ɢϣ˶ʼǲƽľ߻ħ

ҶĹ򲻻ôͣҪɢ˵ΪͳͳعأûΪɢֹͣСԽԽֱǲſʼСʱؼѾ￪ʼԽԽˡ

ڰҶָɢͬʱһЩǺ޵ָ£ԻصԼĳѨʼߡڹĳհҶĹһһԷ⣬ΪҲܸоԽԽǿʢǵѹҲԽԽûԷʱκ˰ϮԷȴֻе紵ϮȻмֿ

ضڸı䣬޴ı仯ɽҲ𶯣ķ䣬ǧ˿Ƶϵһֱ䲻˥ݻٷḶֻ́һ𶯣ڰҶȻУʱ˶еһ𣬲Ϣǰ䡢绪Ǭ֮Ҳе˾ȡ

ǹƴ󣿻Ǳ̶ȣ

ԭΪ㷲бʣɽӰҲܴ󣬵طˣǲʶԼĹƺЩˣҲû̫ľţֻҪ²һ¾ˡ

׼ҵ˹ȻСưɻվһСˮǰˮˮϣûŷΣûţоţ̥ȻĹĶ˸һ衭



ڶһ߽ Ϊ

ɽķӦΣҶһӻ֮Ч˵һƬϢֻڿʼʱ£Ȼ󽥽ָƽȣ֮ǰҪõĶ࣬ˣʣһ˵ĳ졣

ˣ»أ̾˵أʱҪ

ڣؼصУ֮ǰϺüңĻ£ŵر

ЦҪ۹ſˣڻֻɢѣȹ»ָ䣬ǿسʱľ󣬵ʱصҲڵİٱǧ

˶֪ȻҶЩ񣬵֪Ϊʲô˻ǸŰҶˣжڴسʱľɡҶڰУˣȻǣЩˣȻɢˣȻ֪ڱеģм仹ǿȵʣڣлϾǷԼһΪ

˵Ҷͷ죬૵棬Ҫˡ

أԱ˵νڰҶȴô˵ڣȻ廹ڳ˯ҶѾˡ

ɢǿҳ綼ܵһγϴų󷨶ˣȴΪԣûܵ˿ˣڡͰҶһŵĸˣе鶼һ

û£Ҫץʱ䣬ЩԼΪһЩʧȥĶ

˿Ҷ۶ȥʱûʲô֪ھͰҶһˣҪĻкܶࡣ

ȻҵΪϳƽ֮ǰһʦͨߡڶһһʦܸЩˣǣЩ˶֪֮һʦ֮һʦΪ߶ѡණΪԾġԣЩǳģҪ

󻷾ˣԣ޴ĳǳСǻϱ˵ķ¿ʼˣΪӽӽˣԴʱЩɢСԵô£һЩ˵ķ˵ط߶̵ȴķЩû˵ģҲͬʼ

벻ǣ廳ȥߺĶ˵һȻûڤڤлõĶȴǳ

ĸֹеķҶȴͣµţض˵Ǽ򵥣ҪһһɢĳȥˣͿʼָʾطλѷһɨУɨ벻Ǽ򵥵ءǰƵУۻľǷޣӡС

һĵؿֻҪ̵סͲΣԱ˵Ķоͱ쳣ˡ

ǣزϵ࣬Ҷݵİ£У

꣬ҶΪ˳ؽؼڵȴԽԽ࣬Ķʼˣ⾧ǱȼƷᾧӼƷضΪⷢʱľ壬ֻҪһЩ˰ɡ

ضӡʱҶҲԽĺģһֺĶ˿ţȴʵʵڴڵĶ

Ҷر

֪ɽ磬Ѿ˶ڴˣ׷ĺԽԽԣЩ˶ܸо½ģʵڵĺģɽһֱĴԣÿ˶Щ˼ע϶˷ĺϡ

׼ǳһվݺݵؽѵְҶҶȻʵϣǰͿʼĶģҶǧ꿪ʼģ⣬ҶӦٹüǧŻʱ֣

⣬԰׼ҵĺأΪҶĳǰ׼ҵĳ裬ԣŻһμֵ˿̱ʵϣȴŴıͬ飬԰Ҷıͬ顣

Ҷû뵽Ȼбһĺģ飬Ҳɡ

ţһӣѵİҶ

үүȡǺģȻҲԸҲòĶˣ֪϶ܺңģ϶˺ܶ࣬ҵңܱøǿǿǰ׼ұûˡ

ԭȻãһȻ֮ǵ˸߬ȭͷȻͷ߳ǳ˲ԭʧͬʱ׼öȥ뺣

ͬâǰи֣

߰ɣٲȥɾվλöûˣ绪˷ҡеӣȥǸһվһ߳˷绪ҵĴš

ǾˣĿҲ뺣ͽǷֵܳĵط

ͬһԽԽȥ뺣뺣ȻħԷĵջ󣬺˶ƣΪôҲȥˡ



ҶɵĲˣ񣬿ʼеһУе翪ʼ仯ͬжӦʵеҲڱ仯ֱ仯ңϸӦ첻ģҶоѾԼˡ

Ҷٴ۾ʱԼȻ֮УȫǺɫһƬЩɫ赲ߵĺɫ෴Щɫ͸ֻΪ̫ޱ޼ʣԲʲô

ҶܿģԼֻԼŵһŰ׹⡣

Ƿ䣿

ҶҲЩˣټһʱȻıԼţ񼦵һСʵĹ⣬Ȼżֿɰ

ȹ󣬰ҶҲ֪ԼѾɹˣֻҪԼʾıˣԼΪѰף䶼һһӡһ飬°빦ңЧ

һ磬Ҷٴα۾һĹ򣬶˷Ҳŵ˿ζ

۾ӯӯ죬ķ磬оҶһ

ҪǾͨˡ

ҶнһŹâǾڣǾϢȫȥͺͨĹһϢĻ䶼Ӧġ



ڶһ˽ ֮

ԽԽģƺѾ͸ռ䣬һطɽ磬뺣ߵĳطȻϼɣڣԶԶģ֪﷢˴¡

һȺ뺣غˣæȥһĹϼܱˡ

Щˣһϵˣֵģһ˹׼ֵ˲࣬ÿʵǿģȻжŽңˣǷĺĻܽԼС

ҶǾأһ磬֪һҲϳɹˡ

µĿ϶һ˲ƣصһߵڡ

ԭȣʱ˵ֻգգ۵ʱ䣬ڣȻɢ˹ƺ֮ǰ껹Ҫ㡣

ΪܸԣҼ㻹ԪӤڵΪҲʹ÷ʲô¶ΪһһЩ˲ķ˳

ҶֵĵطǵͷŹĵطվֱ۾tǵȫòܿ죬ͷһϤϢ˲ʧǸϢǰ



Ҷеؽе

ιڵԺСЩСɲԵģΪʱѡ

ҶҶҲǻϲ

ڷ䣬˿ʼڴ⣬ɵ̡

ʦأλʦأҶʵû鿴һûʲô塣ܵʵ̫࣬Ҳ鷳

Щͳȥƻŋ춴ļȥ˱˼䡣

شţͬʱ۾ŰҶɫдѯʡ

Ҷɡ

ҶȻ֪Ҫʲôһϵİοκ˶͹ġ

Ҷ˵ָѾһˣڣǾڴͨͨȻҾȥɽ׼

ʵһҪ弫һ˿ɾǲͷ۵飬ҶüѰңš׺ĸ׻ģүүȻϵİΣҲ϶֡ҲæϾⷲİΣһͨ飬ԸֶΡ

ҶллһҶֻ˺óʱ˵лл

һлеҶԿлҲд˵лҶ϶΢ЦЩ飬б˵ˣҪͷл֣Ҷ𰡣

Ҳ֪˵лˣ˵ܴ죿֪ͨˡ

ܴһʱ䣬֪ͨҰɣ

˵꣬һϤ˶֪Ϣڣǧݶ£еҶɢϢæ߳ţҲ׷׹

û÷··ٶҲһعɵСԺˡ

˼棬ȻɣҶؽֽһ飬֪һ˳жϲɫЩ꣬ȻûУȴؽ࣬Ҷָʱܷˡ

е̫̫̫飬ɢ¾һ飬Ȼˣ̾

ɢȻǴżµģеɱȴؼˣҲһϢ׽ζ

ĻҲ˵Ȼǲ壬ľҲѵãʱ䣬ҵؽ֮ǰһ껹ҪĶ࣡

ɽĳǵĳֻǰ׻Դ󣬷ǸΪʣ޼Ļ䣬һֱţڻԼš

Щ߼Ȼɢ˹

òû˻ԭȵӣеΪΪ壬ǻβݻãϴҶ

ԭĸָ̾Ҳ˼̶ʱĸʤҶȻûɢҲûľܸоҶڱ䣬統常˵ģͨĶΰĶֻе˰ͨĶʱ˲Żĳɳ

Ҷܸ̾Լ常ǿô࣬ⷲ常һҲкܶģֻЩ˲ţ˭ܿ͸ǵ뷨أ

Щˣʶǣ˵϶Ϊͬһ£ûĸԤԼԸ񣬻ҲʶǰɣΪҶ֪Լ϶вס䣬ЩȻܴ

ҶʱҲԼЩ֮ĹϵȻǶƺԼΪӣԼͷҲǵ죬ʵϣҶ֪ԼֻǰµģûԼӦûϱΪɡ

ΣΪĶңԵ֣ҶţϡжЦ⣬ʼ˽̸е˳Ҷܸˡһ̸Ǻüʱ䡣

תһ£ӦǾںһ֣ҪȫɻҪһʱ䣬ҶϣһЩͬѣǿˡʦ϶ĸ

Ҷû˲ƣ÷ɵġֱӳȥһ·ϡ˼Ȼ¾ڣﻹЩӰӡĴǷľ󣬱ȰҶʶ˼Ҫࡣ

ΪûмٷУԣҶŵ֪Ǹ˼ȡڵһʱ䷢˵Ϣ

ڸ߸ߵĵϣһȺˣŮһ飬ĬĬؿţûзһ˿

ϿˣཇţʲôҶе棬ΪʲôһҪ飿ʦǵģ

ҪǴʦͺˣ϶ء

뵽Ҷæʦܣǹ֣˾ȻҾ뿪ˣһ߾Ǽ꣡ԭ£

̫ħҪҶһֱţȻʦ˵Ҷ˵ˣȴһӡҲûУԣΪʦƭҲְҶûеߣȻ֪ҶǲòߣԼԼ£˭ܲţ

ʦһȻվϽе

ҲһӴʵʲô£

ұˣ

ϵͷ˵ͺãԻȥˣ

¶ϲɫæϵлץԱߵ飬Сĵƿλã˱ϣһŴҴææ뿪˶¶Ľɫ

ڰй۲İҶԻѾͷʲôҶЩ˿ǡҽɨһ飬Ҷ֣ڵҽԼֽ֪࣬Ҳڲϵطչš

ֳУػҶһЦС˵ʦ㡭

һ㶣Ȼ۾ɨһ飬˰Σû˿Ӧ૵ˣôþˣ

ҡҡͷʱʦ㡱͵վһ棬еʦܣҳ

Կ϶Ҷˣ֪ʦܵı£ȻСڣĺܣЩֶĻԼʱҲúӣǣʦϷŪԼԭ£

ҶνشֳһЦݣʦ㣬ð

ŰҶ˵ӣŬķŭһɢŴڵҶǰϵϸһȻ˵ػʹ

ҶѾͷıʦ㣬㲻ѵ𣿲ҪˣʦʦĽ̻塣

㻹˵һ߾Ǽ꣬ңˣô͵͵ĿЦ

ҶЦõ˵ʦ㣬ʲôʱЦˣһͽˣ

ģϵԼﱻҶ

ȻģҶظ

Ͽ˿ҶһȭڰҶؿڣȻһȭû˿㻹ƭң

˺üȭ

Ȼǿʦˡʦǡ

ŰҶ峺۾ϴӰҶ뿪ʦƴ˻лƷڶڱչء

ڸ˵ʱϾոɢһЩΪͲߵˣûʲôģѾԪӤˣʦʱͶ̫ˡȻаҶĹɹҲֻŵԪӤڣڣҪһ£֮󣬲Ż֣

˴ʦ㡣ûмϷˣҶʵ

һЦȻ˵˫˫ǰɣѾЩˡҪʦЩ˶ҽֻкٵʱ棬Լأ

˵šǿڰҶУðҶúЦѾͷҴȥ氡

Ҷ˿ЩˡΪϵĲ˳˲ٿͷɣֲöôսľӡ

ˣʦ㣬һȥҲþûˣ

ððϸ˵ؽеȻæתصԻȥˣúϰΣȻǺƵģ

˵ּתҶߣͳߣЩϢһᣬȻ׷׳һϲɫ

Ҷ϶լӣϵ˵ͣҶ֪ȻԺʦԼĸĸڶߵʵۼǶҪ϶˵Ѿкüʵ۶Ƿء

߶ڷ˵ϵģʵȻȨ󣬵߶ԣֻǸͷϣûʲôв

Ҷڷ϶Ĵˣɽ磬ϼԽԽʤԼУƺ˴˵еģغĺһʢʻ޵չ˲ժҶ֪ڻʱҪʱٳ֣ʱջڡ

ҶǺܿҵ˫ǣһȺˣ˫ʦ⣬ɵơǺǮʦ㡢ŋ춴½ն塢ޡաԪħ롢ɡ

ǹȴʣǰͻ켣ڽУԷĺܣ㼸ȥˣȻϰһȺĴεȻȲߵĵطȻסǵ۾ĵط

ҶȻ֣һȺ˶ͣ˽ŲȻַӵŽһұȽϴľ¥

ʦܣʲôʱģ˫ʵ

ʦˣ

ҶеĻ˳ɣаҶΪҶȻʡ

ǳ˳ЩʱҾͿֱȥɽˣɽһ˰æ÷価ָ

ֵܣָسʱľ󣿡úöԪʵ

ָǳ׵Ļָһ¿ʼʱħŨȻڵǧ߸࡭

Ҷǽسʱľ󣬶ЩҲֻУسʱ˲ź͸ֵʱڡ



ڶһŽ ĳ

֪УҶڷӾ͹һ£ЩȫĶĴ棬羰綫֮ĵطҲһζϴ²һʱ䣬ⷲ˱ʲôطȤĵط

һº󣬰ҶͷһеǾͿҪںˣŸ˫ǵ

ʦܣҪ߰

ʦܣʲôʱٻ

Ѳѣûܰæģ

ҶһжҪСġ



ҶŴҵĻЦ˵λҲõģһҼ˰æҼɽҲЩģò˶þˣҶԪӤڣϢʱ䣬ҵҵĺϢ

˵գһΣʧؼ䣬ʣһȺվţöû˶

ͬҶҲϷĹ˸𣬹桢㡢䡢ħȸ

Щ쵼Ǳ˫ҪĿĶ࣬Ҷ뿪ĺ˳Ҷ뿪˲̾һ¶һֲڴ

ҶȫǾںϵĵطҲϼɣͬʱ߲ʽ֣Ƿ֮˷ʱ⣬Ҷ壬ԡУʮ泩ûиɹȥˡ

ĺģоˡ

Ҷ۾綼һĸоӿͷʱûҶ

Ҷһ㶣Ȼϲʵûˣ

ʱҶźȻоĲѾǿˣ֮ǰĻҪǿ

Ǿת˵عأֹǧٲָܻǿûþˣЦ˵

ҶЩ˼ҾȻûвĲӦã

ȻЦ˵˵ˣһֱһϣڷɣҲɳ֮һһ⣬ȻûиоҲ֣⡣Ϊ˲Լ£ҲԼԣ͸ѷˡ

ŶֲûʲôӦأԭҲԼˣ廹ر𣡡

ЦЦ˵ҶҳҪ㣬ⷲһĺļȫչ¶ȻһܸӦɽȴһܵĵط϶󣬾ͺ񷨱һ㣬ԣ϶غ򣬱Ͼȡһĺģõ൱һ磬Ϊһ֮

ҲѾ𣿡Ҷɻʵ

һģȻأزûΪȡ˷ĺģؾˣʱһĽ˵ʲôʲôöʧգ۾ͻҷñħ˲ͻʧ٣˵ˣ⣬һ磬൱һǿķһ˵õˣҲԿ߻ʥΪˣ

⻰ҶһæǸȡģ

ʵ̫Σˣñȡ˺ģԼŬǰװ˷ˣǰҶҸоã֪ɽЩȡĵأмΪⷲأֻΪжһˣ

ҶĽţǺǺһЦôżҸ㽲ʱͰˣҪǸѣȻҸķͨ磬ʱеǻȡҲ㣬Ҳ֪ôġ

ԭͿǵһˣֲõ˵Ҫ飬Ҳǵģ˵ͽ˷İˡ

һ㣬˵ҲЩ

ȡ˺ģûһʱںϣҲ뷢ӵ˵Щֶζȫں˺֮ġ

ҶֱӸ˵ķͨ磬㹵ͨʱҾҪչˡ

չأҶɻʵ

ûȻָˣϾʵవûȫ㹵ͨʱжٻܵӰ죬ԣֻбչأܶӰ죬Ҳڸŵ㣡

ĻսܵĽȻǿæ˵СӦҸķУ඼ǵǸزŻֳǧСģ

˵գոջָ˳ţҶѾûֲ˸УϾֻ֪ǶӰ죬һͻģ

Ƶ⣬ȫչֵһ֮ģҶɣ

ʼˡ

Ҷʼʹùͨ˵ģֻеһӦֶβŻֳڣֻܴͨͨȻȻ֪ȡ

ͬʱɽһͷѾʼսʵڽʱЩ˾Ϳʼˣɽ硣ʵĲ෶Χʵ̫Щһ֣һЩΪµ˸ͺ޷һĹԭȿ˵ӵȺͱǿɨһգʣµˣɢԼϢҪΧɾ

ʱĲƣֻʣĶˡֱվĸ໥֮䡣⣬˭Ҳκβ˭

ĶУ׼ɰͷռ˶λã绪ɷ绪˷ΪռϷһȺɫĿںɫеˣǼɢޣǵΪǿԿʩչ˶κβˡ

ͷ绪˷ʶһˣм˸ţ˱ȷ绪˷Ǳߵ˶࣬绪˷߳ǸұʮŰ׼еףάŶԿ󷨡

绪˷ʿŶŵΣҡӣЦֵܣΪֿĹƺֳ˲٣ɼҵˮƽ˰ɣ

ҲЦ˷ʴ磬ǵɼҵˮƽڴ˵Щ

ǵĻûʲôڸǣѾ˵ԶطҲõɷ׷զ࣬Ȼţżʱ䣬Ȼ͵ɼҵˮƽǷĻ߱˵ĺܳôֲٶȣҲֻЩƾõļ

绪˷ʵЦЦʵвˣȻΪȰߣеʱȴҲȰЧ˵ͱȲϰˡ

ֵܣ㿴ķλãֻһ֣ȻδǺģΣ绪˷˵˵⻰ע⡣

һˣģȥʮִֿЦ绪СҪżƴͲǷٺ٣˵Ҳϣ㲻ϣҲκβǣ

Ǳߵ˵ˣλ֮»Ǹ˶֪Ŀǰ˵ȴֻ⼸ᣬЩʥ֮ȴûгһ֪λô룿

ʵÿ˶룬ΪʲôûЩֵӰĿǹغɻʵģֻǴ˵ֻҪһڷ֮һĻᣬЩ˵ҲǱȡģڣȴûпǵӰӣԭǶȸ

绪˷ʿˣ˵ôʣ֪ôģ

һ֣Ȼʩչ

ٺ٣ô׵ѵЩ־벻𣿡

ǷֱԼӡǴ뷨УȻÿӡǵ໥Ĺ

ȡԼӡǡ

˺ǺһЦɲǼ򵥵ķλԿһ

˵գзɳ⣬ֱУӹ⣬ʶɨȵףʲô

绪˷ʺͱһͬ˾绪˷ʿһԵˣɨ⣬û˵ֻǵͷ

һ˿ҲǳҶͷرķʮرһֺܹӡǴ뷨УӡǣʥҲӵӡǵˣֱӵзһĿ˵һַǳ֮

˿˶ͬˣ˵ȻˣףǺ죡

˶ˣǶ˺ܸȤطǴû˸ǵĽķܵõַȫʲôܲһţ

У˵жɻΪʲô˻˵˵ʱֱʹֱ˵ȨΪʲôҪ˷أ

ɻû˰עԽԽĽ⣬һַȺ˵ϡ



Ҷָ֡⻬ûӰӡֻĿϾӡЩɲ߻ħĻ󣬶һԪӤڵҲ͸Щֱ̤ڡ鼸ǲܷģΪϲڷ֡

Ҷ飬Щ󡣲֪УǾĹâѾ˼¡

Ȼһ󶶶Ȼ󣬷ͣˣƶˣ˻Ҳˣʱ䶼ֹͣˣȻеضʵĹ⣬綼˹硣

ͨˡҶ۾ϲؿǰӿ޾֮ͨɲǼɽϵ뷲أǸͨ󷨴ͣͨȴʵʵڵͨܺ谭߶ͨ

ȻҶеǿϢͷѣѾ֪ˣֻû뵽ôǿҵĳ

ɽɽ磬ǿƸǷܱȵģ

ҶڵؽûӰıܿӦɽ紫ϢǿҵƶѹҲһЩͬʱת£ǿ÷鿴

һۣҶ㿴˰ǰߵϢǰ׼еϢаͷһɫӡǣԼ񣬶ðҶǡ

ڶۣҶ˷绪˷ʣȻǸӣΪȴǸˣߵҶӲˣ绪˷յӣҶͷûزš

˺ͱһȺ֪ʲô˸֣ҶеͷۣԸһˣǿߣԸһȺˣôĽɫͷˡ

Ը˵ķãȻôΧ£˺ģҲӲ

ֿ˿ֻϣҪȻõܣ԰Ĳûʲôϵĳޣǣ¹غİΣǱ֤ģЩѵİΣڱУ

ĳˣ

ķоԶȻǿϢЩȸĳǳˣķ˶ʼͬϢڽǵ㣬һɫĹ򽥽

ҶѾ֪˵ķһǷȻˣ˵ٷԳʵ壬ӡŰҶʼ仯



ڶ ֮ս

ҶͬʱɽķҲǸӡںϣһʱ䣬ıӡռ

ǰҶģ֣ԣҶӡںռ˾󲿷֡

ڰҶĹʱԶǿѾϯ

ſҶ

ܸоԶƽǿѹЩʥôգһûżļƣȻԺڱصãҶ֪ĸֽ֣Լû˿ȡʤĻᡣ

ĹɸԼĵҶŭغ˳

ȻҶʵЩǰֵһᣬҶĺȴһĲ͵һ԰ҶϢϤİһ˲ɳڣǻûȫ͵ӡһӱѹ١

ȻľҶһŭ𣬵֪Լܷ֣үү̸£˶˵Ŀǰʵǰ׼÷鵤ѻģԴ˺ܲҪԼʵ֤׼ҵ˲ҪֶΣǸ֣

ԣģǴԼᣬֲԸ⣬ҲҪɡ

Ҷ㹦ܷӺĵүүգҲ̶ȵΪǰ׼Ч

ĻֱӳڰҶԺУҶ漴⣬ҲѷİΣκˣ

ʱڱȺͷĽеǱǷģľǵĸǲʵˣ

ҶȻҲᣬûлشҪľȡģȻǱ

˶û˻شԼҲֻǼӴռźϵĿռ䡣

˺ȻһЦǾȻˡǵӡһʧĸɸɾķռ

ɣⶫǲҪˣ˵գȺ˾Ȼôת뿪ˣͷûһ¡

ͻȻķ˶һ¡漴ְȫ˼˺ϣԺٿǡڵĿֻһģ

Ҷѵؿ̾Ȼ档κұߣٳ㣬ҲԼİ

ʱܵĿռѾ˼ˡЩ˶ɢǿƣΧûжֻȤؿƺʵôʮȤɡ

ҶʮַŭЩ˹˿ɶҲǣʱΪ죬ֱɷƣ˵˵磬ʲôܷأ

ʵԭȵķܺãֻǣûϵǸءĶðҶȻ类Ҷȡˡ

˾ͽ֣˵紫˵нãǳΪɻʵһ޳һ׵˸ڿһԵһʵ

Ǹֻһ򵥵ػɫӣһͷͷɢ۾ȴȫɫ˵ǲǶν˵ֻǶ˸õķѡ

˾ͽ˵ʮ䵭ȴô⣬Ȼʵղŵ˾ͽҲˣһɼ˵ļһΪʲôˣ

˾ͽûش𣬶ǹ˺һᣬ˵ʩչһֺصΪ˷ֲֹ֣ΪԼ˵ȨֶΣЩһΪ˺ģΪìܵġ

ƺ˾ͽĻشЦ˵ҲôΪģ㿴ǰ׼ҡ绪ҵ˶ڣ嶼ûҼùͷԿ˶Ϣˣҵƫƫڶ࣬໥֮ҲôζǵìܣͿԺúõؿһ˾ͽ֣㲻мЩΪ𣿡

˾ͽһۣ˵Ըˣ©ٳļıȺļıã

йâһæʵ˾ͽֿèˣȺļһﵽҪﵽʲôĿģֻ𣿡

˾ͽû˵ô֪򵥵ĶʲôУ㻹ǺúÿǺİɣ

Ǻǣúã

ͣ죬۾棬ֿ˿һĸ֣૵¹¹㻹һɣǸ°

ҶоϵЩӡǸԼĲ£Ҳ뵽ӦûϵЩ˻ɣң۰˷ʻЩʹõĶһҲðҶɻ󣬰˵Ʒǿȫһиȫһ

Ҷ뵽ԼһһӦö˼ȻҲ֪ԼҪʲôԸȻȵƣָĿһɻʡԼȻеǰ취

Σⷲǲύκеġ

ڣɽϢӿ뷲䣬Ҳ͸ɽ磬ûгͻϾɽǰģҶھ˳ڵʺ󣬽ģҲʼʾɽĶֻǣڷ˵ɽǿޱȣҶ̽ķΧС˺ܶ࣬öòˡ

ǣҶɲô׷ǻռ˭Ҳ׶֣ЩߡʥߡΪڵĺĺܴһ˵һĵĹЧɾʹ󽵵ˣ⣬ȻҶ֪Щ֪⻹ϵܲܳΪɻʡǵļƣԶСţҲðҶİ˲١

һ־õģķС֧ŲסĲǰҶԳԷһˣĹȻǿһˣҲôڣʱ䣬Ǽһ£㱻ʵˡ

ʵķӡʱǵӡǶûȫͣԭһǷͰҶʮأ˭Ҳκβ˭ڱ£ҵһصһռڵ£ȴ޿κΣ⣬ķʩѹӡǳ͵ܴﵽˣЩǲΪȥ

Щû֣ʮְյ뿪ˣʣ°Ҷ˷ᡣ

˱˵עˣΪܶ˶Ѿ쵽ҶϺͰƵϢаҶĽʣ뵽ҶݣͬΪ׼ҵȴһΣ֪˵ʲôá

绪˷һֱֺţܸоҶͰ֮ĿʵģϷĺҪֱӷֵ֣ܸôս

ȻֿܷϷҪ˵˵ģǰ׼ҵķͦ͵ģҵһͰˣû뵽ȻˣܵܵҪúѧѧ

һ仰ѰҶ˶ˣҶǷ˵ﶼ硣

бͲˬķ˷ŭĿӣҶֱӳڵ㲻ҲڸҼǵǳĶĶɣҲˣ

ҶԼݸںԼٲ˼⣬Լ֪ԼŬ˵

绪˷ȻЦҪôңֻҪֵ˭ҽ鲻֮ǰҶ԰ҶֵЩõ飬ҲһֱŲһ£ԣΪѵĺأ˵ҵҪ˭أ

Ļһڣ۰Ҷǰ֪һڷƨæţ

绪˷Ц˵ţڽеӡ֮࣬ˣǸˣһ֣ԼͿȫˣֻǣӡǲΪȻ˵ʵѰҶϵһˡ

Ҷ֮ܳŵڣռȻ֮⣬о÷ԼɽﴫŨŨȻЩܵò󣬵ܺù

绪˷ƺ˵񫣬ͽͣҶԼŭزļһӵĸеˣ

Ȼ˰֮ãʱԷ˵Ƕݵʱ䣬˵ֻգ۵Ĺ򣬿ӣǵó˼겻ɡ

ЩƺȲˣһΪ˵һˡ

е˴󲿷ֶܿЩͷˣֲŮ·Ҳǲײ࣬ĳҲǹ쳣ͷеİҶûоԼ

ֱҶȻų˷̬ȻһԼ

Ϲâ˸ֱӰЩжߵҲأ绪˷߸裬ЩһҲ

Ҷ֪ղǰԼȴûгְԼȻ뿴Լηء

ҶܼǴӡѾ漣ˣﻹаԺкȻ뵽һʱһӿֳǹǸԼʶС

ĶҶ΢£ǸʩչȰźõֻеĳ²Żֵ



ڶһ ɽ

ʩչһ쳣˴ӳһӰѹҶĹɨ

˵˳壬ΪϾͲһĳģһĶ׹üëܳһ˫۾ɵ⣬һͷɫͷֱף⣬лһɫĹ⻷

һܵƱ͵һ𣬰ҶͨʩչѾ֪ǷĽ飬ÿжһػһĴڣеǻеûǻۣһģǶ쳣ĴڣֻǸ绹ڣǾԶ

Ľǻۣĳ˵ǷĴԣ֪Ҷֻǣһ㷨ֻضض²ܻǡ

ҶͻȻֵ˽飬ԼǸ˵͵ϮͬʱҲܵϢ϶ҶеȻӣһѰ˷ʵӡ棬˲䣬еӡǡ

˰֮õڽˣҶԸԳ˵һǵһֻںϴԼӡǣҪĻҪڶڶȵһѡ

ĳȻ˾һ£ŰҶģΪԭһζתֻص˺ȥˣֻʣǼϢ

ŽͺĵһʧҲعˡ

˾ͽ֣ղʲô⣿

֪

üһϢǿңҺƵġ

ȿԶˣûͲҪ˵ɽޱ޼ʣ㲻֪Ķǣ

Ǻǣ˵ҲǡСһﻹЩŵġ

ģ򶼿ŰҶ˷Ǳ龪һ¶֣˷ʶʱŭˣҶˣʲôСѺó

ڣֻаҶܸоԸȻǺǲٳֵġ

Цߣ

Щ̰ˡҶһøжûС

˿Ҷ˵ҶһؼҼүү

ûүү񣬵ȴҲ˿һԼûҶĶⶫհ׵ģԼʧܣûô⡣

ҶҲȥүүæҼɾæָ䣬ͷѰҶػ

˵˹а׼ĴػӦö֣绪˷ʴʱҲֻǸɵۣǻʱġ

һȻе⣡

̧ͷȻϿտ՝֮ϢǵĲɫâѩһƮ쳣ңЩâһص㣬ǾǲʱһЩ󣬴ӻУ˿һɽɽʮ֮ɽ

ɽܵһȺ˿Ҷˣ

ɽǻûأɻҲģɽӣǱƵأֻһڱ𴦿ϵӣǾǳֳΪɻʵʱ

Թɽʥɾȴһ࣬ɻʣ޼ҪΪɻʣҪΪߡߣҪлԵ֪ɻʣɽûΣǳɾ͵λ

ܲܰǾҪ컯ˣڣÿڳ˶뵽϶ǰҶеķġ

ֻҪģлΪɻʣÿ˶ô롣

Ժ仰绪˷仰ҲôţǱ¹æˣҲ˻ȵ۾

ҶҲϣɽľӡͷһʶĸоԺƺӹĳЩһָоûˣֻܵҵĿͼҪԼѹơ

ʵЩ˿ɽ

ɽ˶ʵľ

վǳϵĿУϵɽҲȣ૵ѵǾȻģɽǧȷɽɻʵڣ

绪Ǭ˿ɽЦҡҡͷԼľƣཇţɽɽôͳ˰һ°

˿󣬵һ뵽ľڵĺķģڣѾ̫˺ûȥ뺣ˣȻܻúģôȥʶʶ˵ܵõˣǿǿԽʡʱı

ɽҶҲĺܣʵ̫ˣôʱˣʵ̫ˣ

ⷲĺ𣿡ҶܵܵĿ⣬֪ܵôΪģҶԼҲôã֪ΪʲôЩȷ޵ĸо׹Сǰ飬ȴôŪ׼ȷ

ǲǷĺģҶȥǸʱˣ

֪ɽò˶ԼͿɽˣʱа׼ҵıӻҲ뿪

ҶĬĬܹһ磬شš

ҶѺĽ绪˷ʵ۾Ѿʼ

ǿҲ׼һҪ԰Ҷ֣ͬʱҲҪΧˡ

ҧ˵Ҷǻذ׼ң

Ķǰ׼ҵˣȻҲǺġ֪ǵضǵòġҲ޸ܡ

ʮ󣬰ѰҶͰ

ǵǰ׼еķ󷨣һǹ⻤ֱšʮ˵Ϊõ󷨣ʥ߳Ҳֵܵһ

ǲһ֣һȺ֡Է绪˷ߵΪףĹһӾ˾ųɣ׼ҵʮֵѪ

ߣ֪ظ֣ԼûãҪ󷨰ѰҶߣǣҶȻվһƵġ

쵰ߣ԰ҶĲ쳣һ˴ֿڡ

ʱԶܷ¹е˳̾һԱߵ˵˾ͽ֣ҿҪΪˣ***ѻ

˾ͽ˿˵ѾΪˣ



ǽ˾ͽĽƲǳҶǹأڰ׼ҵĻּһ㣬Ǵķʱǿ˼֡

ͣ

ЦţһӴϷ϶ʱֳһһģһףǷɳҲڰ׼ҵĻϣʱһӻǸҲһڻԡ

׼ҵ˶ҲŭĿӣȴ޸оЦЦĻġ

ͷͬʱٴμ߶ʮһҲҪڷİҶŪȥ

ףķ磿еһ˲˲ǵѪȻ˵

һæ˷أΪλֵ󷨼ӹ̣˵ĹһʱûЧģ

ףŭĿӵķ绪˷ҲȻķ磬ȥץڷù֣

Աߵһ㶣ȻоһæʩչܽСĽ䱸

Ƿ˷磬˻ǸĵջУûз֡

ܲô࣬Ͻ뿪ѾɣҪҶͻȥǣּҶʱһ޵Ȼˡ

һ㶣ͿһƬư̵ҶӴӰҶؿڷ˳Ʈ䵽ϡ

ҶӷɳʱеĹȻͣ˵Ŀⶼ

ˣ˵۾ȴĹâô֪ΪʲôȴƲ۾

Ҷӽ䵽ϣһŵ㿪ʼܵҶʱֻѪ⡭

صҶֱķ紵κν󷨶һһ󣬶ҿƻȴ˲Ʈ˷绪˷Ǳߡ

ͣиǷڵĹâһĨһڶ޹ĽУͣϢأ⽣նҶӡ

ײȥƮƮģûһƣײʵ˺һɾ춯ص𶯣ܱһӱҶߵǸҲһ

Ϸڶࡣһӵֵ𶯣Ҷߣ

Ҷȴŭ𣬵߲ߣ

Ѿ˺üΣҶǲƵģȻ֪Ҷ÷һĪѳֲסԼ

ֻжڲȥ

Ҷһ˰˲ƣ˺Զĵط

סˣİ׼ҲסˣҶȻ˰

𵴺ܿƽϢˡҶѾûӰֻ°Ȱ׼ҵˡ

绪˷ʿȳһѪʲôôô

һ૵ֻѪ⡭ֻءɽֻء

ֻأʲô绪˷Ȼû˵ⶫ

˾ͽ֡׼ҵжǿĶҪǹңҿ϶һغˡ

˾ͽ˻ͷȷʵͷۣȻ䣬˵׼Ϲ壬ǿķΪ棡

˱˰̥ⷲҲôضã޵ˣ

ߣĵãϽȥɣ˵꣬˾ͽһûӰ

ܵ죬ڻˣ¹¹ҷ裬ҿɲ㣡ֿ˿Щ÷ѰҰҶˣЦҡҡͷ

Щ˰˼ǰ˲ƣص˲ƣ˼Ƿ̥ûһϢҪܲǾѾɻˡ

˵ţҲʧ

ӣҪҪңһ׼ҵļұʵ

ǰ׼ϵ۰Ҷҵģҡҡͷȥ

˵ЩˣǰҶᶫʵǿطѾʹðǿǰ׼ߵط

´׼ҵһת뿪˺ܴһƬΧûҵҶӰ׷ɢѰҡ

绪˷ʵ壬ǻȥɣ

˿˿еĽԭ޹ؽıԵ˸ǽֻعȻһӰĹôǿҶʵǿһЩֱӰĨɱ



Ҷһ˲ƣûƶԶɽ磬Ƿ䣬ֻʾԲķΧСĲСңԼۿۣҲƶ˶Զ

ȫϢ˭Ƿ̥أ˵ʶɨһ壬ԸʯͷһЩ˰עԶ⾡ߵĵطȴû⡣

Щ˶ɢ󣬰Ҷ¶ͷһҰ

Ȼ׼ȫ˭뵽ľȻô鷳ֳָӣҲ޲ڣɳ뿪󣬸ֻأֻزɳܿƣȫʹã˵ϵĵһʹõķ

ɽͿˣûа׼ҵıӻҲܳ£



ڶ Ʒ

Ҷֵãſʼ÷󷨣ԼУ鿴ĺġ

ںĳʱ䶼˹磬ʱҲֹͣһ㣬ﶼһɲǵ״̬ڣҶõ˺ģҪһߣ÷临ԭ

ȻҶ֪ƣ۲һᣬ˵ķȻֳˣô

ƺҲһʱ飬Ҷ˼󣬱ͣ׼ð˲뿪ԭĵطڲ֪ԼԱ߲ԶҲȷֻܲ²뺣

ҵ׾ͺˣһ˰׼еϵʽ϶ᱻ˷֣¹ɻʳɾܴͣ⣡

ڷ䰲οͳɾɻ֮䣬Ҷ֪ԼȻûгɾɻʵȴܰѺ֣עܷ

£ɽѾˣɽǧҲһΣҳ֣һΪʸ֮ģ

Ҷûɽڰɽ֣ʤͬʱϵ뺣˶ӣڰҶõɻʼ飬ɽÿ˶˽⡣



ƹҪץʱǷ治򵥣Ȼõ˳ɾɻʵļ΢ЦŶԶ˵

ǹﵱȻǻʱѾȫһɼģƣҲʱ⣬Ŀѣ

˵ػмҲĽҲطǴˣӦЩǰɣ

ŶȻܿйǣ˲ûԼе뷨

˵˸ҵӡţ˴ΡȴɻͲ⣬ֱӸ˵飬ȻԲ²仯ԭɻʴҲɻɡ

Цҡҡͷɻ̫ˣɻʴ˲ġˡ۲˵˴㡣һ¡

кηԸ

ĽֻʣһĤĤһͷƷ硣Ϊ˰һͬʱΪǵõĺôԣȥһط





һ㶡Ȼɽؾ

ԣҲԣɽ緲䶼оȴ޹ϵҿԱ֤ҪȥǴӷᵽɽľǷģҲɽġ

ĻȻףڶʱǿЩһˣЩǱ˷ˡ

뵽Щ˷ˣҲһƬȻԼҲ𣿶ңԼЩ˻ҪѵҲףԼķˡ

ƺûɫ˵Щһɽ磬ǰܲﻷܺãҲЩ£ȣȴǲˣԣ룬ȫǵ졭ô

Щ۾Żûʹ÷Ҳûܵ˿ƻ󣬵ǣԺȴɵŽһľ

ǲԺ󣿺ǺǣλãЩͬһˣǻܺõദģңҲԼΪһ֣е鶼Լ⣬ǲ˿ģ

˵˻룬˵˸

ǸŻĻᡣ

ҴӦ㣬ǣҪƹ

ƹĿǰĹһɾȻǶĹֻһĸ߼ڻУرЧģΪܰԼڵ𲽽⿪ơ

տʼʱ㿿ԼȻǿ׺͸Ӧ쳣ȻͨһֺصķԼĹﵽҽţһԼԼֹͣҲֹͣˣԼĹžҲüĿһ˵ķʽԼ뷨֣лл

һֱԼȴĬĬŵĻ飬ģΪƣʮÿһʱڣഫӿٶҲӲˡ

ƹԣֻĿǰӦɽĹɹҪɻʴ͸׼ˣΪ̸֮㣬ʱԼѡɣ

õģûʲôԥֱӻش

ȻӦˣˣһ⣬һĹ㳡ϣ㳡ȫʯģʯͷڷǼֵǵģȴֻǵʯѡ

ˣһܹ

ˣ׾͸оϵϢһɽϢһԼеĹϢһ֣ǷϢǱ˵ķϢ

ǵĴǶһ飡

ǣ

Щӷˣ֮ԱѣΪľǷɽ磬ڷ䣬ĿĿνյĿģǣɽ˶֣ʵɽҲûʲôҪǿʳǷǺڰףȷ䣬ֻǿ˵㣬ʲôû仯ңĳЩƺ緲䣬λ

ɽ̫ĸ֣һǰˣǷ·һǶ̧ͷӻӡ

ԣǵʱȻЩȣæˡ

ãȻҶ֪ˣ棬ҪһڴѾõͬʱҲôף֮ûƹǵ䣬ʵиҪԭġ

ɨһܣûһ˳˵ЦЦڣҲһ򵥵İ󷨣ޣռ㳡

˵Ļʥּʱ䣬㳡ϱһ󷨣˰ѻƵ룬忪ʼɣһ㣡

۾幵ͨΪ˲˷쳣ǰķʽڹֻͨӣΪѾȫ֪Ҫʲô

ĹδӻϷԭȽĶʱѾȫһöˮһĶұǷмԵĺڵǰҲ࣬˿˿ӿ

ָܵ˼㣬ܵתһֻеһȻԼͺһӴƶ˵һ¿յģʲôеĶҲûС

ãƷѾͨˣҾͺúøܸܰɣЦ˵ʱĹ⻪ӻϷܡ



ڶ Ŀ괫

ƷʲôӵģһͨˣʶĿȫ硣

ɽˮвľȥ޶ʣУȻǣЩֻǱϣϾųϵĶȻɵġ

ӦýоʯΪȫȫǾʯɵģǲҲӦýоʯݣͬ־ʯɵģݣһ޴ɾʯɵ磬ͨĿһѰ

һͨƷеӿˮһûȥЩԷǣһûȫɵУ֮ǰٶȱ֮Ѿܿˣǲ֪ٶȻţһ㣬ڵٶȼ˲ˣٻû˼ˣŨȵУӲرᵽ˼ΪĿɿڴ

ǿվڸ߿գŷһУЦȻƷ磬Ȼ㣬ϧЩȻŨ񣬵ǵЩƷ֮ҲĶģ



Ҷһããʯε﷽ԲʮﶼǸߵͲƽʯͷûһŲľʯ֣ȫֻҰ׵ʯͷ

طҲģıʯͷ棬еɳ棬ƤӲĺܣ³ǿĸʴҺһһʱͻΪЩӵʳ

ڴʱذҶǱʱİҶȻ۲ķΧСˣһӣܵĸ֪ҲǿȫԱĳ

㲻Ҳð˲һȥ潻ˣҲӦһЩ֮ǰԼʲôΪҲûС

һλãҶȥ󷨣óʱ䣬ο˴Ӹ߿շɹǳȺӵطɹͬʱоЩ˵ۡ벻ɽ벻ġ

Ҷ֪Լȡ˺ġûʲôӰ죬Ҳ֪ûайֻ֪ԼҪáȫģָʱա

֮󣬰ҶһϡֻУâɢȥԭȾֹʱջתһĹ򣬷ֽžֹǰһˣеȻ֪飬Ҷʱ˵ǲڵء

Ҷ˵Ѿɽˣڷɽһ壬ǾӵǾذҶͬʱҲ˵ͬ뷲أֻҪҶɣκζԳɽ磬ҶҲ㡣

Լɽν󣬲˺򣬶˺ץûʲô˿԰æԲҷǶŵùˣ¹ط䰲οЩҲᾡ

ͬʱڿ˵ʱȫˣڲʲô̫⣬ʱ乻Ѱ弫ɾˣ˵ЩǴڵģֻԼûмѡ

ڻǳûдﵽصزûнϴóȻܿҪҵɾһ֮

Ҷֱͨĸ䴫һϢ˵Լ£÷λѹ˲̫ż

ڣָ֮䣬ǰҶգˣֱӾͻĨɱһ飬úĽʮУΣܻһǿķ

ҶСպúģǽ⿪ܵ󷨣һǹӰ˸ʯͷ棬ŹҶ

Ҷ֪һ󷨽⿪ͬʱ˲ƳȥˣЩ׷Ҳ׷ϣ

һ·ϣ˰ҶǷ̥ûʲôϢõ˲İ˲ƣûһ˿̻ԣҲû˷

һʱĸ·Ҷ뺣һ׺һЩ˾

ҶΪҸף;׼ˣñ֪ص˰׼ң϶ţ׼ȻɽңһЩǿļһ˵ʲôǣΪ˳ɾɻʣЩһǲںٵһģ

ҶΪ˸״ţϾûˣҲ֪ĸ׹ΣΣӵҪ˵һ

ԣð׼е˵Լ󣬱ð˲뿪ˡ

սɽǿ뺣ľݵ㣬뺣Ī⣬ܳǿΣɽ磬ǵҪôɱЩ֣Ҫôͨ

һֱǸĿǰǰ׼Һһ山ҿ

ׄڲt̨Ͽޱ޼ʵ뺣кܲΪ֪ӴӷˣһŷĺģֻкģƾŰ׼ҵʵΪ壬˲֪ǣźһĻɽĻ

ʲôǲ֪ܲģɽ綼׷ĶпУ˵ΪɻյĿģھ׵ذЩܲ

ͨװĴţ֪Ҷػ䣬ػڷһСǲģעҶҪɽΪУɾɻʣȻŰ׼ҶҪꡣ

ֻڣ΢һЩһЩ֪Ҷûлذ׼ң׼ҵı߶ûȥڣڰ׼ҵ۾šһҶȥǰ׼ѵĿʼˡ

ԣׄż֪Ǻá

֡ڳüİſģûʲô˵ģ˹İׄļ

ɽȻϡɾɻʿǸףľģؾͲģСԵ춨أЩҲǿ飬նȥģԣĵһжõأ

ǺЦ˵

ׄҲЦЦ⿴ȥЩ΢ֵļһĺֹۣûüͷʲô⣬֣Ҳ̹Ȼԣ˵أڿˡ

Ȼׄסˣæץסһŵĺ۵⣬۾һգæͬʱѾ˲˳ȥһ˫۾ǿҵĹ⻪ɨȥ

꿴Űׄżӣƺ뵽ʲôЦҡҡͷ˲ƳȥãׄеĹâ˵ſɣСĿ϶ûµģ˸񵣱

ȻֹЦ˵ߣҼҵСҸҴ˼Ƶɾƣˬˣʹʹ죡

ֿׄ˿ܣ̾һ¶Цðɣ

ʵҲЩѡ

Ҷ״ѶϢԶԶ뿪ˣֻױƽõԼȻҪɾˡ

ɾɽܾʯڷ࣬ҪӾпɣҶǰĶ伮ǵЩطɾ౻ռţֻһЩƫƧĵطԼѧĶܲҵµľ

˵µľҲףİ׼ҵ伮ȴ׼ҿ̽ĿоûɹĵطҶҪľȥЩط̽飬ȡԼҪġ

һĿ꣬ѾȷˣԶĵطҪˣƽǣΪһֺеʵۿֻۣɻʺͼɾܱ⣬ҶãԼǾڣӦҲܵһЩЩԼԵĴһϡ

⣬˱Ƚ϶࣬ԼƫҪȥҲһЩ˵ߡ

ȥҶһ·Ҫ˲ɣҲҪ

ȻôԶľ룬˲ϰҲ˰취£Ȼһֱ԰ȫΪȣðյġ

Ҷĵؿ˵һǹģɸ֯ػз㡣

ҶΪۣûģͬʱõ򽻸һָıķıòϵϢȫʱڣֻҪûгڣܻȥġ

ö֮߳ȥǰ档

ʱ˴ͣЩǰæ˺üЩػ˿಻ԣһЩ˵ƢҲû

ڣһɼΪĺ£ͣ£ģĴǳɾɻʵĹؼȴﵱţźӲɣˡǾô򲻹ҵأ·Ǯ˭ӷҿɲ˭ЩҵĹӹǣ򲻹ҵҲ·ǮûУ

ڴ͵ġΪûܴùġȻߵһΪ࣬ȴǹԹԵóһ龧ʯȻֱӴ뿪ҲŽ·Ǯ

Ҷȴˣһ㾧ʯҲûС˼ɹڶ˵õóֵɹѾʣ޼ˣңҶҲر·Ǯ

Ȼһ󺰴ҲǼԸػ˵õĹͣǮƣھȻҪ·ǮСʦŸǣ

е͸飬һһڱˮƵġ

ǺӿźеˣһСΪֻɳڣɽҲֻСǲ̨棬ȻĻɽƯ˶ǣҸں

СѾͷҽʲôЩȻȥ

ҾͲƫҪܰô

˵ţС̧̤봫󣬽봫˲ƣֻһһ߽ȥǣСǰŸսȥǺӵĹž͵ˣĿСغϥǡ

ĹҶ۾ȻС۽һ⣬æͣ䡣

ӵĹһӻСϥǣСϡһ˵ϣһ˫۾ˮҪˡ

ƢŹ֣ŮҲټǺӸΪ⣬ȻصҪôǮҪôң

СϥǣʣôǴ㣿

û𣿡

ûСֱ׳ҡҡͷ

ǺãֻҪڵϣұȥͬʱҲǮΣ

Сߺֻҵ£˽Һθɣ

⻰ܵһ㶣ղŲǻҪ״ôһӱֻΪԼˣ

ǺҲһ㶣ԭΪΪͷû뵽ֱֻ˵ء

ǺãֻҪܰҴſ£յǮģ

ãСһվֱӻСȭͷǺӵžҡ

Ҷں濴ţ۾ûпСѾͷǿһ򣬰ԭиֱ

СѾͷıصĺǰҶѹͲ֣ᷢϾе˶û֡

ӸղţǺӶСѾͷѹȻͻȻǸεֶλˣû˵ע⣬Ǹ֡

ҪЩ뿪Ȼ־߲ˣ

ĸ֣ҶһҲûУֻأҲûס

ĵģҶ˵עСǺϣҶ˴׼һӴ͹ȥ



ڶĽ 

ȵȣ

ǺӺСͬʱ

ӽСȵȡǲӣСǲռԼıˣƾʲôԼ˴ܣСȴĵˣ

ҶҲû뵽ԼĵĶôͬʱ֣ɲôͣ²ͣȻ󣬲Բ

䡱һһݺݵײ˰ҶҶõ˲Ҳ˳ؽ󷨣תʧӰ١

գҶгҲܵˣæ˲뿪ǰŸߣСѾͷͺӱͬʱ˹

СӣȻռҵıˣСе

ǺҲŰҶʧĵطŭĿӡ

С˼ƺ񫣬еȥץ

һɫӰӶȻСߣǸҪ˵Եĺһ

ȥץôˣģҲµģ

ӰһС㣬ղŵõǰ˲ƣ

ʲôǰ˲ƣСĪʡ

һԵĺһ㶣Ȼ󡰰һеղСǰҶзģ

ȻһͷУ²鿴ﻹ˵Ӱӡ

Ķ࣬ӵĻҲ׷У鿴ͬʲôҲû֡

Сƺ֪ҶʣǶʲôʲôҶʲôģ

ӰӵС㣬˲׼ҵĶطɽ磬ҲǶģղŵ˽аҶΪ壬һ̥ǰµ䣬䶯Եɺȡ˷ĺģ̤ɽʱɻɽĻ֣ԣǺǳΪɻʵعؼҲˣЩ˲Ĵ

СȻŶԭˡֲһֱ˵ԭҶǸһܳΪɻ𣿡

Соò˼顣ǿɻʰʲôèģһľܳɾ

ɲɣȻұ֤ɽѳ˼ٵģ

СҲ֪ɽšһȻ°͡˼

Ӱһԣ˵С㣬һΪѧϰΪ˴գղ£ϣС㲻Ҫçײ

˵ȻǺӱȶ飬СĵĺܣԼ£ͬʱҲú棬⶷Ǻӡ

ţ֪ˣ

С˦˦֣˵ˣȻѾˣҲˣߣǼǸʲôҶҲȥأǾȥ֣

˵գӰӵһʧˣбСѾͷ

СѾͷ·ǰߣһᣬȻͣһ˵˵ҵ׼ףǰҶ᲻ѺĸҰ

ûӰӻӦֻӻ֣ˣˣ˵ˣ

˵˵룺ģɻʣҶͦҵģҵҪռұ˵ļһǸʲôСӣȻĻԵ

ԺĲûʲôҰģĽǰҶءռˡѡ

ղŸСԵĺһֱͣڿУС뿪ˣһͷշһ£ǵͰ֪ʲôʱһϻأ



ҶǸְеĹͨ˲ԶԶ뿪ˣûͣͣظ·þ͵һ͵㣬ûбֳʲôţͺһֱͨ󣬵ȻòѾٴθı䣬ģΪҲ˱仯

δûиڳҲûʲôӣʮ˳ͨˡ

δͣ뺣ѾԶˣԼĿԶҪͨĴһ͵شҲǱ뾭Ĵͨֱɰ˳ɵ·̣

ǴӶȥıؾ֮·ʵʲô󺣣ޱ޼ʵɳĮﻷն񣬸޲ҲҪɼΪ˲ܰȫڱԵ档

Ҫر˵ǣ޺͸նĻΣΣյķˡ

һ֣Ǻܾǰ֣أ˼ɽ˵֮أԣԹﶼǶͽǴĵط

֪ʲôʱͻ⵽ݵ˵ĹһЩ˶֪ô¾ͱɱˣԣɽյĵط

ΣԵģҲǿ鱦أȻûо󣬵ȴʢŵرУһ˲ǶͽһֻҪܻ߳Ϊ϶Ϻü

ˣΣ

ţȥҲԽԽࡣ㲻ҲкôˣȥҲ͸ˡ

ҶԶˣ֮ǰ˶ҪĶ࣬ҸҲ࣬кüʥĸ֣ѾǳˣҶֻҪȥ˳ɵĿܻᱻαװ

ȻҶԶһȺЩ˷㣬ΧȫɫףÿжŹеĹһƬΧмһƬˡмЩڣÿͷһһ߳ĽСأתţʱȥһ

ҶȻûΣҲ뵽ЩͽĶ飡

ܵǾ£ҲǾٰ졣ǻʱЩͽסȻ͵ٽ⿪ǵĽǵĻΧ֮ڡһ˭ˣֻҪٱץסǿɾҪǾֱӳĨɱˡ

Щֻǹ涨ֻҪܻȥʱԳֻǲسѡ

ҶԽԽѺͶ飬۾һת뵽һ⡣

ĬĬڶؾ֮صһȻĬĬȺЩ˵ĿЩ˾˲䣬ҶδԭʧٳʱѾѺͶ룬Ҳû˸ΧӣڣͷŽ

ΪЩͽסˣԶĸ֪ǿҲϢͺ̥һҶУеģµ쳣ֻҪǸ飬Ƿֲеġ

⣬õû˿̻Ϣذ˲ƣ͸ЩûЩע⣬ԣɹԼĿ꣬ͽ

Ѻ͵Ķܿ͵˴ǰ棬ǰЩ˿Ķ鲢ûжپȣǲǵһοԷ׷׸·

ĴͷΧܹ㣬ҪľǴܴﵽļޣҶĴǽ봫ԺԼ·ֲıסˣȫڴ͵ʱ飬ﵽԼҪĵص㡣

ΪѺ͵Ķ飬ûŶӵȴֱӴͣܵĹâҶҲ׼ԼĴ͵ص㣬趨صʱȻһˣˣ

ԶһվĸѺͶ飬ʼҲֻģԿЩСһ˶Сǲ֪ߵغҲǲмǣҶʱ۾Եһ¡

Ȼϸ˿Ҷеľ㿪ʼͣһֱϢҲȻɢܵ˴Ķᣬؿ

ܣôˣһģʵ

ҪǸ꣬Ϊȴܵ˻ҪߣʥΪ

磬㿴˳ָܵȥһ۱㿴˰ҶͬʱҲɢ

̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣

ΪǴʹԲһӾͽ϶ˡ

ҶڲԼֵʱ򣬱㿪ʼֻҶϴһҶƮƮأת۾ͷɵԶûκ˵ע⣬ǸҪֹתʱ򣬰Ҷֻسһӵǰ档

벻ȻʥΪȻֻصͻȻը˺üһ󶯵øܵӰ졣

רŵĴػ󷨱ûܵˣңʱѾת£ҪٴγʱҶѺͶһʧӰ١

ˣŭ

ǸܵС˵磬ǲţʹ͵вң

ţҪСЩ׼ҵķ̥ǸϿ϶зղҶˣ

֪ˣߣǿЩҪ˷˶ߣ

æ봫󣬿ʼͣҶ̾ˣȻû趨ص㣬Ҳ൱ڽһҵĵطˮƽӦú׳

ҶôţܵĹâûۣڻʱͨؿĶڽ⿪

ѾˣλñǴЩеڶʱٴδͻȥЩͽֻ£ȻЩ뿪֮ǰ⿪ͽЩͽǵĽơ

â˸Ҷ׼ʱͷûǰѽŪûˣȻϢȺУЩЩһһ뿪ֻʣЩͽǡ



ڶ ɾ

Ҷ֪ղŹԼֿ϶׷רŵףͲôԶĵطȴҪĵطغ

Ȼ֪ЩҶȴģ뵽֮ǰı֣ûţȻԼһҲͲ֪ԼֻҪԼõװǡ

оǣҶȻ뵽һطҲɾֻĻӶӣΣճ̶Ҳǿ磡

룬ԼĿĵƽǻһξ룬븡ҲȽ϶ԣȴ븡һЩ

ЩͽǽָΪҶҲ˼ţգȥ磡

ƽԶ·ʶԼαװĸڶ࣬罫ʹ븡磬ȻΣգԶȴҲȫ

ȻҶһϢûӦ͸еһӶˡ

æܲ鿴ָԼһЩͽҲͬǹϢУҲ׷۾鿴дŭ

ߣ

һƾȻ˵ϿճһˣЩڣϵɼҲɫģ˵ûһ˿ѹҶЩûлָĶͽǶѹġ

ͽ˽еѣҪʲô

ѣϵȻ˵ҪѿԣҪóʵҿһȺ˶ϣûиѵʸ񣡡

˵ꡣִһһƬطһŨ֣Ҷ֣Щÿ΢϶󷨣ȥɳЩƣȽڷɳԣֲڵĶˡ

Ұ׼ǰ÷ɳѪϴӦǷշɳİɣ

Ҷţط֡ЩŨʼ͸ԼƤУȻӿȥ

򱻰ҶûĵģЩŨҶЩʲôˣЩͽ

ЩڰҶЧġΪûģЩк󡣱﷢΢΢ֽһɶ

ɽǷ֮أûʲôЩͽʵǱģ⿪ҲҪһָܻ͸ЩᣬûշЩΪá

ȻŨɢ֮ϵ˵֪ô˰ɡǾͶʵ㣬뱻ĨɱʵʵظţʲôʲôȻߣ

ĶͽȻЩΪĿʲôǱ˿ˣֻҪԸ⣬ʱɱԼ

ȻЩ˾ɥЩȴ뿪ˣնȻ˿ˣôԺҵѻܵʶΪһ֮ȱס˵

Ҷ˼Ҳת˼תʱش£Щȥ￴

Щ˲ûϸ鿴ЩͽȻҲûע⵽ҶҶʱѿ϶ᱻע⣬ʱ鷳

ϵ˿ûӦˣߵ˵ߣ

ǣһͽͰҶ㱻Īãã



ɽһշʮ֮һߵһλߣߣˣ

ڸ߸ߵλϣԼմߣиеһϲǸȴҪԼ˵ԼҲЧ±ķʽԣ֮£ƶȣԼúʵһЩԼءӡ

ʲô£ʵЩ䣬ֻǱģġ

ǰ˽֮Ѿ˴ǧﴦһżʺ

˵Ĵ˲ǻǸˣ֪Ǹǹģ뿪ԼȥѰ֮һǿ쵼ҲǿЩ˵

ܰǵʲôز

ˣ֪ˣô׼ã뱸·;ңԶми·ˣҪС׼

ǣ˳ȥڸλ̾˿

ôˣƹ߹âһǿ

ƺ֪Ƶģûжپȣֻǵ˵Щ˱ջֱǨ㣬֪ʣ¼ˣ

һЦݣ˵ֻҪǿߣʱüǵ˷ѣֻǸǵʱ䲻ˣȥЩ׸ǲܸõؼ𣿡

λվ˵Ȼ֪ǵҪʲô֪ǿ϶ɹģ

Ŷô϶һҲûȻ洺硣

϶Ҳǿ϶

ǣЦҡҡͷ˵Ʒ硣ӦУܲʲôȴ⣬ȻʱΪʱȴ˿ʤģⲢ˵˵Ϊһĳ̶ȵʱ򣬻˰ɡ

˽ʧȻ˹ơЩɰǵĻռ㲻ҪˣЩ˿ɶǵ˷ˡ

㶣ȴû˵˺һᣬŶӸ߸ߵλϣŽ·ȥڴһ˫Ь̤ڵϡײտЩİĿռε



Ҷһ£Ǿͬа취õɾȻƷɾѵõлġ

޾ɳĮϷΧޱߣ¡Ҳ·޾ģЩɳȴ̺ɾϸС

ҶһͽĪ֯󣬱㱻һĽУǱ˹ȫͷɳеɾԳ

ɣǷ䣬ҶҪɳҵĳرɳҲҪһ򣬸οɽ磬Щɳӱǿҵиţ൱ڰɳУ˺ܴ

оǣЩɾ̶Ǻ¶һںʵλɿеֿ֮ĳʱڻɿеʧԣ͸鷳ˡ

ǣЩȴЩÿ˰Ϊߵͷȷ񣬰ҶΪû͵أõÿ½һƷʯƷʯܽһƷʯ񣬲ṩĳء

ƷʯףһͨɳΪˣҪþȫΪʶſɴ˿ԿЩЩͽǵļֵեɡ

Ī֯Ҳͽ˵ϣǾֻҪܸ꣬ͿԼǣ;ֵغãͬԼ롣

Ҷûʲôֻ֯뵽ʱ䣬޴ĽȦԶܱ˵ĿӣܳûѰɾΪںͷĴڣѰɾúס

ʵһ£ֺױܿסЩɾȻûжᣬƷʯ

ʱ䣬ȫΪԼֻҪģһʱһżƷɾǱƷɾ߼ĶٶȱԼھҪĶ࣡

Ĵ㣬Ҷû˿ʵʵذָɵĵص㣬ųʶɳУʼѰããɳеĳһɳӡ



һƾճ֡

磬˿ʼᱻץȡɾǲǰȥң˵Ǹܵĸ֣ĴǸʥΪˡ

ҡҡͷ˵ִܲ£Ȳ˵ǸСǲѾ˶ͽ

Χңһˣ϶ʱ򣬾Ͳò˷ˣ

ȥҲǰ취

Ѿ˺öطȴûз˿

ȴЦ˵ģСӼȻķǾͲǾĵطѾӡǣСӵϢҲһôأܷһ˿Сﲻͬ𴦣ΣأǸ̥ܵġ

Ǹô

Ƿֳ·ȥав鿴ܶͽܲҵţǧҪ¶Ŀģ

֪ˣǴأ

ȥ翴иԤУʲôջ񣡡

Ǻã

˵գֱȥ



ڷʱ򣬰ҶеĹܣ͸ħɣҲʶ֮ؽṹʱ޾ɳӣҶ֡ǸԼĺ÷

¶飬ʱʱɢҶҪҵλãҪɢ֮ǰýƻסȡ

Ҷ򡣰һطȻ˽롰״̬УЧ֮ǰķҪõĶ࣬СǰһƬƽֻмطʱ𣬶ǰ֮˲̶΢ס棡

ԣ̶̵һʱ䣬һĴָСƷʯ

ΪкĵĴڣɳӶʶû˿Ӱ죬һ龧ʯûۣöϤиǿˡ

žʯŽУֻʵԼķĿֻмƷʯ

ʯģֻʱвһŻиָؾʯƷʯһһ֣Ҷ֪κһֵУԣֻԼУ

򣬰ҶѾĵˣϾûħ֮е򣬸ղǿƷʯĳ˵ҲĽֻǣʶѻؽ

ЩҵɾһѽϣǽéݣҲܽ¥ʵҲмԽɹ

Ʒʯ൱éݣˣƷʯ¥ƷʯԱɻĳǳأƷʯǸûʵĹˣ

ҶԣȰɾ̶ɾĿ㹻ˣٳ԰ںһ𣬲ֻһΣںϺ󣬾Ͳֿˣ

˼ʱ䣬Ҷй̶㹻ɾȻʼЩۼһϸĽˣһزЩɾǰԼ趨λкãʮʱ䣬ϣмСƷԲƷʯҶ⡣

ֻ֮ƷнϲģΪҶУЩɾУϾҲƷʲġ

ļ죬ҶһֱпƵɾĶȽ֮ǰһΣαɾǸƷʵģ˽һµʱ侫ŲЩճͣƷɾеļƷ

ĽҶЩˣԭΪƷɾģƷнϲҲУû뵽ȻƷ

ԼᾧʯľҶ׾ҵԭԭһԼŲķɾƷʡ

ԼûлΪûкõɾοȻ֪Ų㾡ģҲصľϸȽϡ

⣬ɾĲԶɣƷʲԼܿƵģңҪƾΪɾǰ첻ֻиϸģӾ£ԲУ



ڶ ɾ

䡱һ˼İҶѣ̧ͷȥڴܡ

еģ϶Ƥһ׳βͣͷǣҶ֪ɽԭ壬׺ǸճСҲʤ£ԣȥǡ

⼸ΧһڵŮˣȥֻʮ߰ӣģǱҲǳ

˫ܣѾмڿˣǵĿжɢһֹâҶп̰

ŮˣŮɫҶ֪Ϊʲô̰ܿ죬ͷ֣ԭŮоȻһĴָСɾƷɾ

ûпԲοɾİҶҲȥռУȥο͸ɾĽṹͿԼˣ

ԣûԥֱ˲ƹȥ

ĽУֹҶһͽԺܶ˰ҶûĵսȦıԵ׼֡

ĻǲɱģҲûֹģԣ˭ᵽ˺õɾҲУǸļһȤ߿

ˣƺǸƷеƷܲɾ

ŮԼģʹŵģ

ӦԼģʱϻʲôûˡ

Ĵ̾Ϣһ˵ǸǾôЩһ㶫ǵؿڴͲôˡ

Ǻǣ˺α̾ϢôᾧʯȫƷ⣬ҲԼƶˣ

Ҳǣˣ˵ˡ˵ˣϷҰ˻ôԸСѾͷ



ΪͽʱЩϵһзûˣԣֻԼһΪڴܡҲǿԼԡĶͽռ˺ܴرˡ

壬Ͽ֪ΪŮˣôҲֻǸ÷һˣû˷˵ʵ½һϡ

Ů˵ΪѾɼҵĺڡ߼ˣǼȴֻɼҳڣһ˫ս˽šһʱֲʤ

˵սʱʱ̣ܶʱ̵ܳһ˲ܽսǿ־ãսҲֲ£һЩ˿սʱ䣬뿪ˣȥԼľʯ֪Լֻǿ֣Ůеľʯֲġ

ЩˣȻûǵ̰ĹâǿһƷɾͿ񣬻ضĳ˵һӾͰڵȻʲô֯ôܺùūһ

ҶܸܵԽԽǿѹȣÿ˶ʼɢϢҪǰ֣Ҷ֪սԼܻᱻţ֣ԣΪǿ

ŮȻҪ֧ŲסˣƺˣǼ˸׺жɱ֣ԣŮ˵ԽԽ

ҶȻһᣬԥسˣûκηֻ֮һѸ֮ƣսȦǸŮ˰סԼð˲ƣסǸŮˣһ˳ҲȻըѼ˱ˡ

ʹð˲Ƶʱй¶һЩϢ˲ƿȥ˲Ʋֻ࣬Щѡ

ֻеǰһŮ˾ʧˣٿʱѾҶǸŮˣվԶ

𶯣

ҶߺȻһƬڣüٶЩޡ

ûзֻܿҶޣһӾۼ˼ʮÿ˻εɢЩҪֵͣ˽Ų

ǿ˸ղһıըȻûܶˣҲĲᣬмʮ˶

ԶǸ˷һϷˡ

ԱߵҲ˵ǰСӵֶβôô߱޳ˣټһ¡

ƲƲ죬˵ڲŸտʼô϶֪أĥĥȥɣ

ǣԵ˻شܻᷢģЩҪĿɲĥǾܵءŰãʵŪٺúдԭ

̫ԼͷϣңЩЩͽȻܱץס϶ôЩǱģҲҪҲ⡰Ծ

ˣǹԾУ൱ߵĴڣ

ҶһޣסеˣʵֵĻҶ϶мܲס˭Ҳ뵱ͷΪͷĴ۾ǳʧȥʸˣ˶ȥˡ

ŮΪ֮ǰսѾƣȻҶȴûиоҶĶ⣬˹ȥҶȥűŮ˷ɻԼ

صԼ򡣰ҶܲһĽƣÿ˶Լ򡣲ÿǲͬģŮˣǿɾԼ˶̶̵ʱģصط϶Ѿ˰ռˣ˵һҶڵĵطǸͨصطûעġҶóȻóɾ϶Ҳһ

úýƣҶɳӣαɳУĽԲεĴͽƣɳҲнƣ˭Ҫ˽ƣǸտʼ͸ġŨͻᷢʥҲܣԣ˲˭ܡ

ҶɳŪһȽϴĿռ䣬Ȼų⣬УһôǾǿԺܺõػûԼҪ״̬ԼʲôЩ˶֪

Ҷصһ£ǽ롰״̬ŮǱΣҳȻϸ΢ĹЧһŪ

ڰҶжʱŮˣҶæ𶯣񣡡

ǸŮ˸еҶȻԼ϶ֽţһƴ˹ȥһû˿赲ڴҶֻһ硣

𶯣ҰѶŪҶ˵

ŮѾ˹ҲеҶûжԼʲôΣյ£΢΢ЩΣ˰Ҷһۣ۾ϣĪˡ

ʱ䣬ҶڵĽƽˡ

ллŮȿˡ

ΪϿŮǽɼҺڣˮƽҶֻɳڣһ£Ůǲ԰Ҷʲôоģ죬ӰҶֶиܵҶʮֲͬҶÿһϢĶɽ磬زֻʥΪټϰҶԣ԰Ҷˡ

ɲ԰ǿɾҿ

Ůһ£ǰɾ˰ҶҶӹɾͣؿʼ鿴

Ů˺ؿŰҶҶľٶʵ̫ˣҲΪɾ𣿵ΪʲôɾȾԼΪʲôķʽɾоΪʲôĽƣ

Ů벻ͨԲ룬Ǳ۾Լ޸ơ

ҶûҶϲûиеʲôѪȵϢ෴ͨеؽӴģܸоһᡢζ쵽زҲԭģ룬Ҷõ𱨡

Ҷĵ͸ɾڡ״̬£򣬰Ҷ͸ɾڲȴ͸̫Ķ̫ϸ΢ĶЩʱһ޵Ĳķġ

Ҷǰֳһ½磬ʼʱۿȥֻ޾ĺڰȻڰгһ㣬Щ㲢ǹ̶ģڻĹ켣ںڰб֯һط·˵ͼҶɽͼӰʱҲĪ

ƷɾĽṹ𣿡

Ҷ֮ǰȷʵƷɾʱ龰пʼ˾Ĺ죬Ʒɾһ˺üΣǼƷɾǸ£

Ȼĵģȴ˾Υ˷ܣֳԺĸ£е׵Ķ־ǣߵĽṹʼµƷɾ

ڰҶǸŮ˸ԴԼʱһΧ˹Ǽ塣

ļһȻǵ£ͷ߳һͷҲӿ࣬ͷĽҲɢŵĹ⣬ˣΪҲߣҲϽӽˮƽղȴûвս֪Լʧˣų



ڶ߽ ʼ

磬Ǹ˵ֶκܸߣɵкǿ˲ܵ˳ûռˣû֡

û£ôǶԵģԼҪ׼ɲñ˷ˣһŹõܸȥʱҲи·

˵￴ŵĹߡ

˵ĵطнһСС֯ȼǸ״ΪһȻĴڣȻܵЩͼ׷

磬ǻʲôھͽɣҲô

ͷҡҡͷ˵ҪУ˵ֶȷʵһ㣬СǴˣ

ЦЦִƣڰҶĽ֮ϣ˵Ǽֱҵķ

Ľһ壬ûǿȥңһͻᷢըǽԭȵҲ⣬⣬ʮ־ɣѱ֡

ΪÿҪϽһɾҲ°Ҷǲ

˵ļڴҶŮ˵⣬ڰҶĽУǸŮ˻ָ壬ȻָĲ˵ʱ򣬿ҶȻĳУԾؿʼɾֻǣٺã˺ܴľһƷɾλ֮ǰλøܱȡ

ҶƷɾʵþУô翵ʵʵڵĳʶ鶼õһǰδеĳˢ

ҶŰŬ׷ӵ磬һһ¼ţʵ̫ӣ֮ڣżסɣ

۾Ҷ߷żƷɾһԵŮڱŬҶܸо͸ܵʶ

Ҷֳһ£Ů۾УԿƣ

ôƴҶ˵

ʱҪˣҲǱľ֮

Ҷŵϵļɾ˵λòãƴᡣòʧ

ŮЦЦ˵ƷɾϢҿԺɵؼʶˡ

ɾȻûУɾɢϢõģȻõķԼˡ

ҶҲЦЦ˵Ϣһ£

ǻһɣƷɾؽȥѾ߿顣飬ˡ

Ҷֹ˵

дһ˿˼Ů£ûж֡

Ҷ˵֮ǰ˶˵ֹ˵Ǻ׵ģ

ҶβɾȻֻɣɽṹȫƷɾеƷ

ֻ۾ɢȥϵذɳӼ϶һſ΢СɾռȻ㼯ںϣ̶̵칦򣬰ҶбŸͷܴƷɾ

֮ƷɾΪҶûģңϽɾע⣬԰ĵʣʱԼ¡

ǸŮѾĿɿڴˣɳӶʶʴǺصģû˵ôɵʶɳﴩѰɾطʶҲСģҶֱײģ

׵ǣҶȻֱӿʶɾûзְҶʹ˶ΪûΪĸںЩģ

Ů벻ͨ벻ͨ

ҶȻֻɾÿһĸͷб׼ȫϽ

ʱҲҪˣȥָ

ҶΪɾŮ˵ɳɳӣ档

棬мһֱǵͷȴڣҶѹ췢źš

˵ûãͲᣡ˵š

ǼҲԸƴ˵嶼ûãƴҲûκ塣

ҶȥȻһС壡

ҶǾϲѾˡ

ƺܸˣ˵ѾͻԭΪ˿ҲȹΣǲٻˣ

ʲôΣΪʲô˥Ҷʼûеõԭ

֮У񲨶ܴΪ˵һʥҲӦû뵽ȷʵҶסˣڣҲû¡

Ҷһֱĳ״̬УԶΣĸܲ壬룬Ҳ벻ʲô

˵ˣ֮˵ڵҲ֪СĽϱ˸壡

ŶҶɨȥȻԼĽƷ΢΢ı仯Щ仯ȥ˴ţͺȻ仯һʲôΣգҶϸʱȴ֣ԼϽƻ⿪ƣըըԼˡ

ҶҲ˲ԶļˣԼǳ߿񣬰Ӧıƺˣƺɲôıģ

Ҷ۲ʱѾȴʮ忴͸ˣȻҲ뵽˸λ⣬ǣֱٴθŵϣһɶȥʲôûƵģֱ˽ƣûκ顣

Զ۲忴Ҷʲôûʹ˳ȥҲûκ鷢֪ʲôʵ˵ʱһϡ

ţȻǸ״ʮϲļһģͿ֪֪ˣ۾ţҲЦ⡣

Ҷڷ֮ǰҲ˵ν񣬰ҶֱǸĵط

ǸͨɳӶѻӣ÷ţֻҪƽЩӾͳһɳӣɳӽӣҲҪЩµģϾЩɳӲͨɳӡ

Ҷ˽ȥ˷վţһλȥ˼丮õš

Ҷ߿׼СƷɾȱ׼СƷɾǸרŷɾĵط

ŵǸ죬ȵһ𣬰ɰۿŰҶ

ƺһ飡˵

ҶЦЦְɾϣֻž죬ɾֳ飬һ飬ڣϱܹʮɾˡ

ƺô׼

ҶƲƲ죬ɾĨ˼£ɾʵĹ⣬ת۱һģһ

ȻۣҶôɵľӦԼĵѣ˵Ҷֳô²Ҷ϶ʲôΪ

ƺҲϲ

˼ѰҶĺܸߣȻûаУʵʲôؼȨϵܺã͹ˣ



ڶ˽ ֻһ

ԡϲĵѣҶûκˣֻվؿˡ

԰Ҷ侲ƺܸȤ˵ôô⣿

Ҷ˵룬ȻԼ˵

ЦȻһ˫۾￪ʼ˸źɫĹâ˵ǿƷɾңҿǸŮ˶񡣡

ƷɾҶֻһ֣ڸܽˣֱ죬˵֪ƷɾΣ

Ҷûֱڣֻʱ䡣

Ҳû뵽ȥܼӲ˻ѡЭƷɾʵж٣

ΪҶԼʵ飬лмɾһȫ˳˵Щҵȫ⣬ҲǲԸƷɾǣŮˣҪƷɾˣԼҪʱ䣬֮ҿɾ̸㣡

ҶһסˣСӿʼȥҪԣôһת۾Ϳʼͽˣ

ҶΪģȻȥĸԼҲûҪϾɱϵ鿪ʼŵ䵭ȻˣҾ͸飬֮һƷɾʮƷɾ

˵زҶҲûж˵ʲôֻǳͷת˳ȥһԼ

쿴Ҷ뿪ϣḧ°͡

죬ô

쵭˵СӻЩʶģ潻֣Ҳûʲô˵ģƷɾͬƷɾɾľֻҪʱ䣬ָأ⣬СʶͶǣҲһ𣿡

ȻԻͲЩҪɱ¾ѧѧˣЩֶΡһͲᱻˣ

ǣˣ



ҶɵػصԼһͷɳԭȵĽɣɳеĿռҶǸŮƺڵԼ

û𣿡Ҷʵ

ʲô

ŰףҶֵͬʱѡҶҲ

ҽǧɳɽԭ壡

ҶҲɽԭ壬ֻû˵ֻǵͷʵƻָˣ

ǧɳҡҡͷЦ˵̫أȻȥûˣҲǰһˡ

ɥػҶ˵ûǰ֪Լǰˣ

ǧɳһ㶣ȻҶ˵ණ˵ֻԼеԹˣ֪ĶԴңԴҲֻԼԣ

Ҷ뷨ȫ嵱ĻҶ֪һɾңķʽ

ǰ֮ˣ׷ľ죬ֻ˵˵ԼллĽ̻壡

ǧɳܸмҶѣһ˲뵽ණ͸ĳֽ

ҶЦЦû˵ǧɳҲûм˵ǰе룬ʼ

ƺˣ

ҶǺЦҵûԼ󣬶ңƺҲ볤󣬻ʱǺð

ʱǻȥһЩȻһЩҪôˣڣ˵˵ڵ״ɡ

ˣڵˣ

õشܺãٸտʼʱΪҵʵϣȷʵκεطҪãƺһֱˣҲҪЩ˵ףҵõĶǱǰ˺ܶ࣬ΣȻһȴױȵؼڣɻվǰҲ뷢ҵټ

ɻҲֲˣҶȵʵɻǿߵĴڣȻɻʶֲĴڣ嵽ǿʲô̶ȣ

ЦҪô֣Ӧ֪ɽĵȼ˵һУһΪ󷨴ң˵׵ɱһʥĸ֡

ҶǺģھһΪ̥ȴɼΪ˿ߺʥߣҲһƴ֮

˵δģ

ʵȻǰҶδڵ顣

ȻôѾ뵽ɾˣڣȱֻʱ䣬ʱĻȫɷĿٵأ

˳Ѿ³ˣ㾭飬Ҳ֪ɽɽһӾͳʸ֮ģǣûɽĵʲôǷ𣿡

ҶҲԻţҲָооɽĲǷģƺǱĶʲôԼҲ֪

˵ܵʲôмģͬʱҲΣյģڣαװû֪ݣһ˳ǣһ˻ˣǴѣʮѵģ

Ҷ˵Ҳǹа˲ƣֻҪʥеĸ֣Ҿȫѣ⣬￿磬Ҳᳯܣһֱӽ븡硣

ŶƺѾڴȥˣ

ǣڸУӦҵм𣡡

У޾Ưʯͷ⣬ʣͬ޾Ļˣֻ涼УܷշһеҲúѰ

ȻѾ˼ƽϣʣµҲСˡ



ţһЩҶŲǿƷɾɾĪĽṹղܡ

棬ĹеľʯһԵ죬˵Сķˣ

ǸСһҲǷֻҪЩɾͣң˲ƴӶñռ˱ˣԣʵҲûʲô˵ģҲǱȻġ

ͷ˵ܳΪҵ£ҵǿԷŹɾȻֻƷ۵ȴѾӽƷˣ˵ʶǿֶҲߣһҪƺãҪһʲô֪ôľٶֱӳ֡

ǣ

ҡڵ˳ȥ£ͬЩɾ



׼ңվڸ̨ϣǰһ޼ʵĻþþ޾İơ

ûУʵ

ûУѾȥˣ弸ǧû¶ˣԣңشǰƣĸףӡ

ٹ죬ǰʱ䣬¹ɽ磬ҲӰ٣Ѿˣ㾡ҰɣҲҵĵûϵ֪ˣ



ڶŽ ½

֮󣬰ҶȻԳϽʮƷɾɾ

쿴ŰҶһֻһƷɾУϺǾһᣬû뵽ҶϽˬ죬ûʲôҪ

ҡԻȥ𣿡ҶܵˣƺûԼĺú뿪˼

ߵλϣŰҶ˵ûʲô㣿

ʲôǴ㣿Ҷʵ

㷸ʲô£ΪͽһֱЩ𣿡

ʻҶ˵ھãҾˣŻЩʲô

˵գת뿪䣬Щ˸ͿƣûжȻҶ뿪

죿

û£Щ˻ɣһǳĵģûбҪαװģزǼû˿塣

ǣ

ҶصɳУʱڰǿƷɾȫṹԺУҲ⹦һݽṹȥͺжһɾһ

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˰ȫ֮أҶܰѷ˴ţȻ󣬰ҶøɾпܣҲȥѰܿľĻþ󷨡



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Ҷ˦˦ͷȲЩǰ˵𶯣

ĶֻӦƵ˰ɣ

ţ˵ֻȷʵֻصĿǣ

ҶҲͻȻ뵽㣬ԼֻཻͬһƬҶӣȥⶾȥˣַȻͬȴȫͬ

һЩ

Ҷ˵һԵ˸ʰҶ˭͸еһǿĲӰҶɢƿͬʱܵҲغ

һƬһһ̵ҶƮ˳жߵĶͷ

ⶾõǶˣõˣֻһжߣҶϿݻƵĵط

âһӰ˰סɫһҲ˴̵عâͬסˣǲŴϢ֮䣬˿ʼ

ʱ˵˵״еĻʱҲΪǳԣ¶Ӧû߶ԶڣøղµĽѰһ¡˭뿪

жֻؾΣҶʼ˵ġɨź

ڹźǵһߣһؽķΧ

ôˣһӣӳغʵ

ˣղȻ˽ƣǡ֪˭ɵģһȥڣÿһƬŹ˵

ƣʲôƣһʵ

ǷƣȥӣΪԷһûж鿴ͽˡ

ţʱҪ֦ڣȹһʱ䣬Ǿ뿪˵

ˣǶʲôǿǺòײŻģô뿪´ٽˣڵ˵

Ȼ֪ʲô֪ǸȻҲÿһ鱣ˣӦöⱣʲôõģȻôصضܱ˲˵군

Աߵ˵ǣǣÿЩ군ҲûȥەNˡôǣЩСබôҪƣǱ⹴ģ϶ôض֪

Ц⣬˵⻰ãǕNˡͷǰ;ģǿ֪ܲ˵ǕNˡ滹ء

ʲôˣǕNˡֻǱµһ֧һɻʵ

Ц˵֧ʲôǲ˵ǵӴҸǣ˵ǣǵһɻʣ

ܵļڵæʵɻʣĸɻʣɽɻʵѾ˺ܳܳʱˣɻʶ˵ǿɶǴ˵

ЦҡҡͷҲģҲǺ˵Ͼɻ֮ɲõģĸɻʣһûȫ֪Ǻǣ˵ˣҺúϢϢ˶ãǵ˾ʹˣҪ֮ǰ뿪ʡĳΪʸ֮ģ

ȻûдɻʵѹȻ۾ޣԺлɻʵ£ֻǣ֪ͬǵһһУطӦڰҶǰ

ǼĽǲõģΪľǷֹ˿ӣų࣬Ͼÿ˶ԼܣǣڰҶ˵Ȼ͸һеıЩ㣬Ķܰõġ

Ҷȥץǣ˵㶯ˣ

Ϊʲô

Ѿմֻؾ綾ˣǿʼ޵ʱⶾѾڿʼˣңеĶҪĶ࣬Ѿûˣ

ǲб𡭡ٵģҶȻνıƣֻһõĽ󷨣ȴտյʲôûУ

ǻΪǸNˡԺû뵽Լͱˣ

ʱһԱߴǸжѾָԭȵòϢҵʹԾ

һжߵǸֵϲɫ֪۾˵ҪûˣȻ֪Ҷ˭ҶѾ˸м

Ҷʩչ˼ֻھ˵ͬʱֻطĹâҲֻؾ綾ɢĲϴˢɾ׶ĴȾ֮·ҶеҶȻʣݻƺʹ̣չʾ

ֵܵĶȻˣ컹ǻԣʲô֮ԼͻҶ˵ȻתҪ뿪Ⱥ

ǸæҶǰ棬Ҷһ˵лǰ֮

Ҷֻǵͷʹ뿪ˣҪȥǸĹźӸղĻǸЕNˡƺҪҪŪףô¡

ǰ˭жԱߵһʵ

֪еķһƬҶѵˣ඼ķ

˵ö갡Ҳʺ

ǰʵǿ㿴ûöͰȫƿˣⶾǸ֪ʲôǰһĹ͸⿪ˣ۷׷ף԰Ҷݲ²



ڶ ӭս

Ҷһҵ飬ڸһ˵нæͷǰҶӭǰ

ңҶղѯʲô

ǣҷǰéݿˣͳѰңǰҪʲôʲôܷԸ

ҶǰԼ̬ȵı仯ǳѾ֪ͨҪӹΪźҲԼ¡

Ҷ˵ȸ˵˵ɣǰҲ˵ˣ˽ΪţֻǱ͸Ŀİɣ

鹪ǰ

˵գǰߣΪҶ·ղѯʵļ˶ˣкǾȡ

Ȼ񣬵ҲֻôôǹźеĴ𣿡һֵʵ

Աߵҡҡͷ˵ҾڹźǵĸĹ֪õƽȣңΪְλߵĺܣֱϣôˣֻгϼģ

ѵղǸһ·ǳϣ

֪ϾйһֱرţȻϣ˭Ҳ͸ʲôм϶

ѵǹźϣ

˵˸źǸܹϵĳǣǵĳϱȻ򵥣

Ҷһʯͷʯͷϻ˷䣬Ǹơ

ǰ뿴ڷһʯͷϴһ£ʱһӵϷ趯֯һƬĻ

ҶȻ뵽ݣȻݸϸΪҶֱӴЩ֯Ĺп

һԲϴݻеľҲϱãҶһ㡣һҪضֻҪľ

ʱǾоֻ㡣

ǰĵǹźǣܵĸС㶼֮⣬ȻǿȥҲǻߵĹųǣʵϡǶǹźǵһֻ֣ɢźǵϢùźһֱɽ缫

֪ΪʲôܱNˡ֪ˣǱһֱţȻͷ˵ʵϡǳŹźģ

Ҷ嶼˹еߵسУ˵ǳϾΪɢ̫ΪҲĻᡣ

ǰһôõźģھͺðˣֻҪܱܿߵĸǣźȻҲ׽㣬гڣľͺõˣ

Ҷͷ˵ղǼ˵֮ϻһɻʣ˵᲻ɻʣ

Ӧǵģ֮ǰ壬Ϊ˹⸴Ҫܶණģź˵ʮҪõźǾ൱һ·

ʱһԵȻ˵ãˣ

ȻЩݺУһƬâԶĳеһǰ档

ѾΣΪûҵõڣûеóѣ뵽ռСˣ

ռ첢ͨϵռ죬ȫеģóȫԼС

ִһʱһͳһҲû˾ͻأңܵĽҲסֱ˽

ǷŽǣеˣػѵģҲӰ쵽ˣ˵

ҶӹĻϿźз˴Ĺ㣬ǰӿȥӣ˫Ҫһսˡ

ÿν֣أҶʵ

Է׺ݲ̣ߵǸϾɱǶŹҲͬŹǣһν֣˫ҪʧһЩˣв䣬һһȥһ죬ֻ븡磡

Ǹյĵطڲˡ

ߣȥ

˵գҶ뿪ʯݣҲ飬ֱð˲뿪ûöã͵֮ǸСУѾۼˣǵԶͬۼˣ׺ݵƣ֪ǵĿˡ

ˣôôˣܲܵסһ˵ĵ˵

ܵҲõΣǶҪɱǵģ

ԣǺúõرȴ·ɱǣԺҾٽˣ

Һú׼Щ֮ͽǲŹǵģͶĸң

ǴԭƫԶ֮أ״ﵽ𣬵Щ֮ͽǵͻȻ֪ﶼȫƴʱᶪ

ҶѾܳСųǵѾȻȥܲƣʵȴ̵ĺܣȻҲܵסüεĽ

Ҷ˵Էôˣûʲôð취

˵˵ġ˵

ֵ󷨽ƣعųǽƱֳʩչҪǿĶ࣬ԾͲóð˲ƣм䴩壬ɱ

˵Ĳࡣİ˲Ϣױ˲³ݣɹͷһЩϢϢһڸݣһԻˣ⡣ܵ˽һѽľɱ̫СˡЩûáֻأڹؼʱã

ţ

Ҷ˶Բߡܿ˭轣

ʱһǰڰҶתһǸжߵֵܡ

ɳ磡ɳ翴ҶҲ֪ΪΣĵ̤ʵ࣬߻мˡǼҶֽⶾģҲŽǰ

ҶһǰЩȻ˵еʱЩ˵ͷûУֻԼЩ˿ǳԲŲᡣ

ҶȥʲôֻǳǵͷȻɳеĽ

һͨڵؽֺͽβһ壬ڱԵһȦɫ·Źһصز

һѺý˵

Ҷɳ繰˹֣˵ɳֵܣ֪⽣ɷһã

ɳû뵽Ҷһھǽ轣⽣żȻãȻô֣֮ǰķҪЩӭ˲óֱӰѽ˳ȥ

ǰã⽣Ҳ죬ҪٵУҲõأ˵ţóһޣϤķ

ҶӹصϢڵϣ˵𶯣

˵ţеز˳ϢһӵϣֻԵĺɫ·ȻһᣬѽȻ˺ɫԵ·˺ɫ

һԵɳ翴Ŀɿڴ⽣ЩʶģƽʱƴҲֻúɫͺɫһ𣬶ҶһգɫͺɫȻֱӵߵ

ʶѽĲ֪ɳһļҲ֪ǣҲɳһĲ֪˵ʲô

һ˵

˵⽣Ĳʮ֮ģǺܾǰĳʥ֪Ϊ˵أ

ҶŽϵ󲨶Ȼôأȴһĸо⽣Լ֫һ

Щ׼ЩҪˣ

ȻǱߣѾùޣǷ߶ʱľԤʾǾҪˡ

ҶһȣԺ˵Сķ

漴ӰʧӰ١

ųߴͷǹźǵһ˾վһȥֿܴĺӣ󲿷ֵĵָֿӵģΪǻۺܸߡ

ҶĶҶʧˣüͷİɣֲò

һֱСУҲ֪ҶݣԲЩԹΪͲָӣܴ

ʱȻͷվԼ󣬱˵㲻ڳţʲô

ˣһȫɫ·ǰ

˵ôУҲͰҶһȫɫ˵·ǻɫģϵɫҲǷģԣһ˵ɫ·ǰ뵽˸뿪İҶ

ȻһӶԷǱߴ

ǰһоɱˣɳ۾ϸҶһһӾͽ

Ҷ˲ϢϢϢȴǽģԱ֣ԣ˲ƵʱһЩַϢֱӳϢλý˭룬ɢϢĵطһһȴȻѪıֱӰѽ˻ɱ

NˡߵѰҶֵĵطΧַչ˿

ǰôˣȹ𣿡ΕNˡ죬һʵ˱ȰҶ֮ǰǸҪǿֻܶ࣬ð̵۾ܸоѹ˻ǵ

ˣһ˲ƹɱˣõһֵĽնɱʱҲֱնɱ⣬ǵҲһӾͱɢˣ

ˡŶһ˵ǰѺýȰѽǣ



ڶ߽ ӭսʥ

˵һ㣬ǰҶӰзԣȻ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôϵϢȻ𵴿ܵ·׷׺ˣҵֿ

ѵǰ׼ҵǸ̥

ڵ۾ʼðŨһ˿˿ɫӺƱˡ

Ƿ̥ܣڰ·׷ɱʧӰ٣û뵽Ȼܵҵĵˣٺ٣Ȼûиɻ֮λɻ֮ȴҪöˣ

˿ŰҶеľȻ¡

ҶӰȺƮͰ˲ƣس֡ʧ֣֮Щ֮ͽһȥ

Ҷ֪ѽǰ˸ϾɱģǶ£û֣һΪЩһҲ˻ᣬΪҶܸоĵÿһ˵϶մѪȣͨҶϵЩѪϢɢ֮Ǳɱ¾˵ʣ

ǰΪɽ֮أԲ֮һɡ֣û뵽âĵطȻôڰɽ粻ʱֵֶȻģ

Ҷ䣬ոųǱ򻶺ӿ

˾վĿɿڴؿɱ˵İҶղŻΪ嶯Сӻɥû뵽ת۵ʱ䣬СӾɱһƬԼ׺ݡ

Щ͵Աߵ飬˵㡭ҡ˭

㻹ûյϵĴѶǳָػߡԺǹźǾˣ˾վٴδסˣû˵飬ǾȻСӵˡ

˵ģΪʲô˾վæʵ

Ҳǳϵ֮ǰҶǰֱӸңǹźĻԵǶҪ׷

˾վ㶵ؿǰ˵˺ǿȻǳϵ˼ֻհ죬˭֪һмʲôͲˣ

ûˣΪػҲ㲻֪ˣ˶֪ˣ

ղһزˡ˾վЩȻ

ŰҶɳĴһ˵ӶûС

쿴˵ǰѽ򵥰ɡǰУһô࣬

ǰýá˼ҵķ

ҵ⣬ֲǽ⣬⽣ҸǰأɱĹҲҵһ֡Ǿûˣ

˵ЩͷˣֻǴЦȴû˵ʲô

ߵػNˡȴԽԽ꣬ҶǶк޼ɣǵķ󷨡ͳͳЧ߸հѰҶסת۰Ҷʧˡ

ǸշְҶֵϢ˭֪ϢʲôûУԱ߳ɱУǷʤһĹǰͷ˻ϾͱˣЩ˵ʬʬһѪɺӣɼǵĻǺĶûˣ

Ǵû˲󣬼ǰɱ¾ˣҲǰ٣ڣѪܵĵǣһЩټѪˣʼӺˡ

ҶȻͣȻѩʣͷЩɢƮһѺ콣һԣȻѪһƬ

һλᣬҪôͶҪôҶñ˵ͨĸֱӴЩ˵ĵףǴĵ׿ʼҡ

ǸΨһ壬Ҳһ£漴˹ӿֳŨ

ߣһҪѰҶɢǣֻһЩִӰҶѹЩΪµģֱӹ˵ϣĳŪ˹ȥ

ܹٶˣ˿ϡٵɽ磬Щ˿νܶˣд󲿷ɼµģɼΪĴԼʮˣΪʮˣʥ˻Ավŵһˣ˶ʥڣɽ֮УΪѾһˣ

ҶûΪȻֻɼˮƽ˵óȻһֻǣ벻ǣֻƺ޺Ȼ¾ȺǣȺǸûл֮ⲻòǵ˼ζԸֻ

ҶƮƮظȻһ۾ͿʥʥҲ˰ҶûĺۼǸ嶼֪˰Ҷݡ

ͶҪôҶ˵ĶֱӾʥ

վ˦һ

˺ɫ̵βͣͷҲһһ˫۾ȴʼ՝ģɢһεĿ־ѹ

Ҷؽг˰Ҷ֡

ҶȻݣԷʥߵĺܣͷſʲôҲʱֱϳҲ־ȡǵ˵֪ң

׼ҵķ̥ɽ˭˲֪οϻôصĶ

ߵʥ˿壬ʥԸ䣬ҲʲôϢҪֱڱչأڡаҶĽ̸ƺʲôҪĶԼ֪

ٿܵʱЩѹ׼ҵķ̥ʱϢѾȫȻͬˣɢžӡ

ʥȥǸͨͨЩݵˣ׷ʲô¡׼ҵķ̥ʲô£һԵһʵ׼ҵķ̥ôˣ

Ǳѯʵˡе۾ŰҶʥʻü˵ǰɽΪɻʵĹؼϣһֱ׷ɱǰʱʧ١û뵽Ȼ￴

ɽ͡ΪɻʵعؼʱʥѾ˼һӽĳ״̬С

ΪʲôǴﵽ߳ɾͣΪɻ֯Ϊ˵õõ

ʱҶ˭С

һԵ۽ǿԼλͬʣ˵֣Ҫְ˰ɣ

ƽʱǸʹģڣʥȴֱǰϵӿĺˮ㣬ңӿȥ

ܵһӱԶԶģҲź˼ɰļһ֪ܶ𣡡

Ź׽ЦԵɲôõģϰɣͶҵģ

׵Ҳ˹ųǵķϣ̵ķʱҡҷʱһæʩӹ̡

ǰûֹ֮ǰ֣ǿ군ˣ

ʥΪǣNˡʲô⣬Ȼʥ

ԸǰܴǣȻǿҪ򸡽ˡ



Ҷ˹׸˵ĶԻҲע⵽Ϣӿڵһʱ˷ǣǺ˺Զһǰѽһֳ

ǿΪ̫Զˣ

ǰҶʥ˶ߣΪһϣԼļЩǰ֩һһãΪǸ֮

ֻǣߣҪǸʥսҪǣųǡ

ֻȡˡ

òϣֻӣֻûгһӾóԷʥһ֣Լûлֵأ

Ҷ˼ţȴ֪Ǹ֣ͲðҶɱ

ѳΪɻʵĹؼ׳ǰ̤һɽѰɢ

ҶͷɢңϢӿǵ⣬²ǲǻˣʱ˵ִ̫ˣһԼҪĶϱ÷ҪСģǲ˿صģ

ҶͷѺ콣΢΢𣬽䱸š

ҶĶԼѵ촽˳һ㱣оͳһѾӨ͸Ĵ󵶡

⵶ĺܴ󣬱ȹԼҪŵϴһϵ



ɲǼ䣬׵Ĵ󵶺ſ˳ȥĵ滮ɨһ˰Ҷн˵ķӲӣûңڵNˡ˵ն룬

ͻȻı˷׷״ֻǴУ˭֪ӻ᲻ֱӹǣԣһ߽ţһ߶ԶԶģٴģͶ㵽

Ҷſĵ붼룬漴˲ƿͨ˲ƣ϶ᱻ׷ſҶ˲ϢõһʧȥĿ꣬˲ɢڿС

Ҷͬʱڹ׺棬Ѫĳźɫ·ֱӴ֮



ڶ˽ ֻؼ

ףæǰ˲ƣҶĺ콣ҲƺǰĽҲһʧ٣ֱӴ̽˹׵֮УʺѪ

ҶΪܹһ㣬⽣ҲѪѣڽԼͬʱٴˣ˿ںܿ䶯תۻָ

ʹöûоˣʹȻأȴҵش̼Ź׵ǣͷϢңϵɳʯԶԶģԶطˣҲе˵һˣ

ڹųлػֻҪоˣ̶ȵؾۼ˵ԻԵóЩǰųǵĕNˡ˾ˣȻǶԶԶģǱ׵ˣǶˣҲ׷׹ڵϣ棬Ҳֻµվһ˫՝۾ʲô顣

ҶеܿϧԼٴһ㣬ղһ϶̴ܴ㲻ɱҲشϧǲ࣬ԼͻϮһЩ˶㣡

ýŹױҵϢҶ۾û뿪ףҲдٰѸղŵļƲһΣ

׺ȻЦǿҵ𶯴ĿзܵĿռһӱˮճޱȣؿһȦȦز

״Цͬʱĳת˲λεصѾҶؿڣڰҶһֱ׼˲ƣԲ֮ƶ˹ȥȴûڶͻϮˣվȣͷ֣ؿѾһѪӣѪðš

ûиҶ˿ͣٵʱ䣬Ҷȥ۲˿ڣǱѾ˹ŸղճˮĿ׾͸о˰Ҷ˲Ƶλá

ðҶò̾һȻЩˣս˼ȴȻôߡ

䡱Ҷæú콣ǰһ£˺һݺݵط˳ȥѲԶһ޴ʯͷҵķ顣ҶҲʯ֮С

սʱܸ˿ϢĻᣬȻǸս֪֡һ㣬һ˲ƵǶʯϷŵڰмתʯһӱϢ֡

ɡ

תĵ¡һ޴ͷŰҶȥ

ҶȻشֱʯ񣬵ĸӦǺءͨؿݰĹԼѹԼػ˲ͻޡ

ԣһ֣ƬƮƮҶݻƵġ̵ĹâһӰѰҶסڵµͬʱҶҲӭȥǵײһ˸ҵıըԶĹųǶ

ȻڰյعЦĸˣŰҶѣղظоԼѰҶķ顣

ԶƲƲ죬ҲоҶ군ˣǷһĻɢ

ԭСЩ͵ģȻôûãǳɾɻʵĹؼϹˣ

ķĺˣϾһ֮ģ㲻ɻʹؼҲô𻵵ġ

ųУǱҵĶᣬһЩΪ͵˹ȥ

⣬ǰ֪ˣɳǵǡ

ѾԱߵȻҲģл˵µģȹźģ첻ôȥģ

Ǳߵ˾վҲ˵ѡܾôģǰ϶кУ



ȻģлЩϾǱߵȫɢȥߣǰֻ˶ѡ

潥ϵĹɨ棬ҪҵɻʵĹؼֵǣѾ˺һˣȻʲôû֡

Щˣ￪ʼ˼ȻǳΪɻʵĹؼǿ϶ô𻵵ģȥˣȥˣ

ķΧʼ󣬵һɵϢ֮⣬ʲôûС

ԶҲ߷Ҫ׼ᣬȳ֣ܰϲļһɵܵõģӵģṱģΪʵʵĺô

Ȼ·ĵϢУһɲһϢЩƮЩ䣬һڡ

ǹ׻ˣ뵽ĺĳˡ

׹һЦ֣£Ҫһ·ĺģԶҲʾͬʱ˲ƹֵĶǷģڳеĹס

˿՝۾ű䣬ǴЦ⣬һ˫֣ʮָ˳ָףָŵĺâԿķ˿ر

˼йʱ˷ȡĵĹȻתѸײڶ֮Ƶס˵Ĺ

һ㶣ȻЦ˵㷢ˣ

ԭ˷ܵҲñ䣬˵ֻвһֱ㣡

˸鰡ǿǺѣ

ߣײһ£ղĵֻУһֱڻȴˡ

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˾վ͵Ĵ˸սæеҿ뿪

Ȼ򣬸ղֻһʥĹĸž﷭츲أʥȫ֣ܰȫ

ԣųе˶׷׳ԶˣȻ뱣ųǣıذܵ£ʱΪϲߡ

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ڰҶҵ׼ʱȻ˵һȣ㿴ԶǸˣ

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ҶѸת˵˵ҹųһЩĵϢǻ֮ˣ

˵ûˣҪСģǷ֣Ҫֵನ

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ҶģҶųһ˿ĵ˹Ȼͬʱˣң໥֡

ʥȻֻǳʥҲǰҶֿܵģǶԿǿɨܣѼӲĵظȥʮɡ

ҶȻܴԭأֻصϢһһƮɢȻ˳û˵ע⡣

׺˵жֻжԷһʱ˺ģ˵ʽԽԽ󣬡¡¡ǹźǣҲ˷ĵ涼ھҵضš

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߻мˣԭڹźˣź

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һ˵Ӧò˾վģҵĻζԱ

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ȻһҵĶԱߵһ䷿ݺȻȻ㿪ˣ漴˹ΪǿȻˣһֹһ

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ն⼸Ҳӡǰȥ鿴ʲô¡һְһζ֣綾

һס֣ͣþɲ۾Ǽ֡

մˣôˣҲ˼֣֪ô¡Ҳ֪ҪҪ⼸֡

Ҫá˭ҲæԸ֪ΪסġֻǸµĹźˣ

һȺȻ֪ʲôǻǰսյķԸܸýطء

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յ۾ǼᶨĹâ˾վ࿴˿۾Ҳᶨ

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һҲѷ£ʱǺĵĹɾͱЦ˵ƺղսûж˿Ӱ졣

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ꡢʮʲôΪɻʣʮҲһܳɹսһԳΪɻʣɽ϶ԸοǶ̶̵꣡

ִ֣̫ˣɲã˷һ岢óĿࡣ

Լ£ñ죡

Թ׵Į࣬Цĸˡ

ף㣬ȻˣҲ壬Ϊ˸˴ҵұֵĵأи𣿡

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ҲҲڹԸʵûʲôֱ

һķŭҲţҵȻ䵽ˣҪЩ˿ܵõģܵõɻʹؼܵõɻʵʶһ֮֮ϣ

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ĵҲһʱ䣬쳣ʱ·𶼾ֹһ㡣

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ڽս֮ˣһ룬ǾǲݣҶҪѰĻҲʱʼ̶ȵѰһᡣ

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м𣬰Ҷ˷һ¡һ棬Щʧˣôʱ䰡

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ʥʥôûˣȻҪɱңΪʲôһᱯأҶʵ

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ܣиоɣ

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ҶİŴ˵ҼȻҵҲƴǡʥӦǸNˡҪһʱӦò˹ϣʱץѹųˣʱ˭Ը⣬ԸŹųһȥ磬һ￪һ֮أ

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Ҷ˵껰ŻصԭȵéݣһԵǧɳûгĳ붨֮С

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Ѿ˵ڰߣɾʥұһ˵ĳʥ׶λҪǿֵܣȻܵչˣʱҲֻ˵ߣ൱ɼҵˮƽʩչģЭģûǣճת

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磬鲻ð˰

ǰô˶֪ˣǵĶʳԲˣ

һߴ׳ˣһῡεˣһֱŰҶʥ

Ǳ͵͵ذÕNˡҳҶܶʳ˭֪ҶѾ¶ӵĸԶˣԭֻҪٿһЩܸϣǲһ㣬Ǵȥˣ

˳̾һ˵ܣȻ鵽زҲ̫żôˣǻԻˮ㣡

磬ģȥ

ղŹȥһЩˣҲŹȥɣͿ쵽˰˵ţ˱㳯ȥ



ڶ ȡų

ҶڻָĲˣé߳ʱ˹԰Ҷ˵ǵõϢ˵вĸˣǶͨʹֱӹģ

˵ĴʹֳԶĴ󣬱ȰҶﾭļҪӴ󣬶Ҳʮ־޴һܲ

ҪһᾡѹųˣǾȥ磡

Ҷ֪ЩԼģɻʵļֵȣʵ㲻ʲô

ȻҶ뵽һ飬ʣǸأ

˵ǰ֮ǰѾ˵ڸԻʱ򣬻ǵ븡֮㣡

Ҷͷжмʥ˺øУȷʵԼҪǰȫ˹źǣ븡簲٣Ȼ飬ԼĴΪԼ룬ʥΪǣȷʵף

Ҷ˵ʹҶԭӼ£һᾡȡģ

˵գ뿪ˣҶ˲źǵϡ

ǰ˽ʮԲģǣһɫʵʾ£а߲·֪ƾãɱȻֳ̬ɼĶǱϢ°

Ҷڵ˵ָɣ

źָҶȡźؾԨˡ

ҶȾߣܵĸСǣ

ҶշԸһСߣԶԶ俪ֱӵĸСųǣԴӵɽС˷ǳСķΧȻ󡣵ǺС

ߣ쵽Զľġ

ҶܿĸСųǣ˵еɣ

ţڰҶԺлûһĪľ󣬰Ҷܿ׹ĳת켣ѧ

ѧϰܼ򵥣ֻҪܼо񡣸ˣĶڡɡ

źǵ֮ﶼӿҪôڵϣҪô˦⡣ܿ죬ųǷ·𱻴ϴˢһ飬峺ǰһ

ر䶯ȻˡҶ֪ô£ûоţȤظܣҶȡųǵء

ɳǰ˵ڵϢðͺѹʯͷȻÿһ

ԱߵһҲпϢң֮ҲɳиϢƽʱҲӰ죬û뵽˶̶̵ʱͰϴһգֻ´֮

ȷʵϢУ°빦أ

۷׷ףǸʥҲĵĸпЩ£÷̥ͰܰЩҵϢɾ

Ϊʥȱ˸ЩҵϢǶôȻҲôˣˣҪô첻ȥˣҪôЩ͵ˣٻѡĻ

Ҷ֪Լܲĺ䶯˵ѣ־ϸʮֵģϾɾָǾ͸ӷˡ

Ҷת󷨣һʱ䣬ԶĸС

˵Ĺ⻪źҲÿǸоƽʱŨü֮ʱȴû֪ЩΪȡźȡңǼȡҲǺѵġ

Ҷ޵һʱѾ׷ӿִͨıԵѾ˹źǵĸ

СųǷĵĹ⻪˵ע⣬ǲ֪ʲô鿴

ʲô

ƺĳųǣôڷ⣿

ѵǷ

ѵǶǷ

ĳЩ˵۾зɲȡһУǲӵһƶļң۽ֻءӡ˵Žɱˡ׬ȡ趫ʮֱģֻ֮صĹųǣ˵Ϲʱڵɱ

һЩѾʼʩչˣһĹзɳڹųϣǵĹ⻪ûһ˿Ч

һЩ˺֣֪ܿԼΪһЩȴģӴȣ벻ǣųǵĹâȻõĸˣЩ˵ֱӷϣһӰش

ܣû°ɣ˷߸ߴĺʵ

磬û£ʹǺܴ󣬷ҲߴĺӴŴΪ˱һбƳӣʹԡ

磬⵽ʲô⣿ôô

˳Զȥ֣УһĹ⻪쵽Զǣſʶ⻪ȥ

ʥ׶Ҳ˺ܾõʱ䣬ʶޱǿ󣬲Ȼɱ

ܿ죬˳ŵ˹ź⣬Ĺųǣд

ʲô˸һ񣬺Ȼеһӳдֱסɢʶջء

ҶڵһʱͷҲһʱϳǵԼһͽǸˡ

ҶûпźѾγɵƣǿס˵ʶͬʱϼӴҪʶ

ҶҪɱǰƳ֣һ㲻ԼвҲ򵥣Ȼʶ£Ȼ˷Ӧ

ûʶƵ۾ţϢҲ˲ʧɾеسһѰ׽źǷ

磬ȥģߴĺӿԼĴ粻ؾǰɣæȥ

˵ٶȺܿ죬һԽ˹źǵ棬ʱ˵ʶѾ˹źǵıԵͲһҪ˽ȥ

ٿʶزȥǾֱӹʶңԽԽѵԽ

˻ǰҶû뵽ǣȻһɢ˳˳ŰҶ굽˵ʶУȫһ٣ȻֱӱҶ˽Ҳ漴˹ųǵĻС

Ǹߴĺӽ׷ˣҲŽȥˣսȥͱһȺΧ׵ıǼ

ӦûаұһѣʧѾõĹźϣڰҶԺз



ڶĽ 

ϵͻأس֣ȻͻأʧǹɢҶ֪ǸʲôģһӡŰҶľӡǣǸ˵ʶ֮УԴˣ˾Ͳܶ԰Ҷ֣ȻԼϵͬʱҲж԰Ҷõ뷨Ȼͷġ

ľӡһаɽʧˣЩħͷҲĿ֮źϲ֪˶꣬ȴ˵ùȥġ

ҶǸߴʥı֣֪֮ĹϵȻӡֻ˵ʶУǸǻ˵ġ

ڻػˣ亹ҲˣˣжûˣжûйĿֲоˣȽĲʶ˳Դͷ˰Ҷһʱ䣬֪ණ

磬ǱΧˣҪҪɱȥ̧ͷ˿ܵһȺˣĿ˼ϡ

һᣬֿ˿ŹİҶ

˺Ȼ̾һЩĵĽŲҶȥȻ󳯰Ҷһ񣬵ˣ

ܵһֱעȻ֪ʲôˣȴ֪ʵǿϾҲӦǳԱߵĺӣΪ࣬ҪһЩ

аҶˣܵԵһҲǸܵĺסˣô£ôСӴˣļƲ𣿡

ʱûʱֵܽͣǸһҪ˵

ҶոųǣʱѾ࣬Ȼпմ

ʲôΪʲô

ҶõĴͨĴܵġ

¶ɲҪеĺĵģ

ɲŸΪǾӡԼҲף֪ɻҲɵؽ⣬ʱЩͷҲ˲õԤУԼʱˣõĽ۾ǣ۷ʲôԼӦõģ

ҲΪ֪еʱûд󺰴УҲûǹԹԵӦԼҶ

ôҲ¶޾ıǺĹȻ˭ģȥעĶҪñͷ׼

ܲ״絽ôˣһֱĻûд磬ڻ߻ֻһɼңܳΪʥԣʲôš

ҶΪӡعϵظӦɲĸ飬вɵ뵽֮ǰԼеʥ֮ǰôǿһֻ־ܰԼأڣԼɱʥʥ£һʥʥеظ֣

Ҳ㣬ȶˣһӡǣҶ˵

⻰ȴöɲһ㶣Ȼ֪٣лһ˿жϣ

ҶոųǵḶ̌¶ɲܣҶɲ쳣ʶʱ񣬰Ҷʮ⣬ٲˣ˵õ˰Ҷͬõųǵͬ죬ɲΪΪߣһѡΪ죬ڰҶȡųڼط쵼

ųܺͼҲһ԰öɲʮָпǰһ̣ԼЩ˵Ĵ

֪תۼ䣬ԼͳǵˣҲ

ʥļ룬ųǵ˶ĴŹųԽԽҲеһţֻҪټһᣬҶȡ

ƺҶеô˳ۿҪˣһˣⲨȫںɫĶУҶһӾ͸еǵϢҲ뵽ӷսɽʱôһ˴ڡ

Щ˵ͻȻҶȻȣȴûжĻţΪʱĸСǺ͹źǶĲˣǳһ𣬹źµϢѾԽԽǿɴ˲ĻҲԽԽǿҪٹɲף˵ڳʥ㹻ӦЩ˵ˣ

һȺ˾վԶŽյĹźǣСǲϵس뿿ʱǼҪһˡ

ˣҪ𣿡һʵ

ȻˣҲܸһЩ˺

䣬ЩɢɢųźΧ

ǵӾ֪ǺˣежɲȻ˰ҶĵλȻҲȫҲߣȻҲʼУͬʱ˷֣Щ˻ܣǰ˽ʱȴڶ̶̵ʱʶ˲ѣò˵Ѳ⣡

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Ҷ˶ˣһ㶣ȻҲ˷״̬СκεˣҲڿ׵״̬ʲô

ҶЩ˿ʼʱ뵽ǵԼᷲʱ

ǿ϶һˣҲӦþˣҶ뵽

зֻصİģڣȻٻ飬ȴ׵ʹúĺֻأңйźӦƳǡ

Ҷʼ׼Ҫһĺɱˣʱ򣬺˵춯ˣȫӿŨŨĺգצһᣬͱһֻ޴ڵĴ

ˮˣ

ҶҲЩϤӰϢˮѾɱƺҪǿ

ˮһƷܸߵ磬ֻɽһ㣬Ըڶ࣬ȷҪĶ࣬⣬ǵı´ϡŹ֣ҪСģסǣСӦ

˵ΪҶʶðҶӦս

޴Ҷһʱֻصת˷򣬳ȥеҲ󷨹ҪѺ˵Χ£֮ƴɢȻרǸ

ɲĸоǿȻйźĻָţܸӦֻĹ졣

ʵûжߣҲʥһ㣬ȴ˷ǳõĸоһƬ۾ž˻

ɲ󷨺ǿϹźϢЩ˵ܿͱ߽ˣЩ˷·ʿһ㣬ڽɵ¾ȻŹźԱһʱ䣬ܱû찵أȻûܵʵʵĹϵĴȴС



ڶ ƻ

Щ˲ϵӰźǵĻ֣ʥ֣ܵźǵĳϣԿڻ

ֻǸʩչһĹ⻪ȥǿаЩ˰ȻΪǵˣԽźǺ󣬶źǿĽѹסһҲãȻӲԱˡ

ǿüˣôǣʼˣǵõǸˡ

ɲűˣ־Ͱȥϵ·ʱסˣҲסˡ

⼸ˣǿܣ

ɲλʥæ鿴һ£ϵɫˡ

ɳ뼪æʣˣЩΣ

ҲЩǿܣȴ֪Ρ

ܣ

һܵ˵Ҳɫɽ磬ǴڵģЩܶøֲϣտƵģһϵĿܣܣԭƵģаǰͱֹˣǾӡһѾʧ˵Ľ֮

뷲ħ֮һֻǰѻıģʹʬ壬꣬ҲĨɱֻأɽܣĳ˵ȻǻŵģǣӴԺΡתǧΣȻֻǿܣȶȲˣһ˱ܿɱɢӿֲ

ɲϸ鿴һ飬һ߿һҡͷ˵ǰӦǸΪˣҲɼҵΪ

ɲһˣһ˵ˣӦǴĳ½ץġǣΪһߣ

һͨ죬ŭܣЩһñңֻأ

һˣһˡȻڣڵļֵһΪܣһб㶼Ĩɱˡȫ˿˵˽ƷԶǣ޷ģ

зź⣬ɲҲڡȻʶӡӡڰҶԸɽһͣͳעˣ

Ȱǿסǰٺ֮ɳ˴ǣ

˵գɲǱ㿴棬ǸɫȻҶţ˫̽ȴûĽ֡

ˮؽһָ߲ӵĹųǣҲƣͨеĴ󣬴ųֵܵһܲܵõЩôû뵽չûþͷ˰ҶǣȻЩСΪ壬Щ˶û֣ԣҲΣֱЩ˽

ЩˣҲĺܣ֪ǿܣԲû˿߿

ûã֪еķ̫ǿˣһǺСһ𣬶һϹɱڵʵǺ˵ģΪһ֮׺ˣЩһԱܲᡣ

ȻûУץס˼ʣµغˣԼʼҶ鷳Ҳ߲ġ

ܹΪһֶ֮ȻУȻûˮĺģҲˮһЩɽ磬ɻʵİҲʹˮ

ûмŶ֣ҪȰҶڵʱٶ֣ȻǸʱ򣬰ҶҪ

ˣֻ֪ǸʱԼлᡣ

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Ҷһܳסƣʱ֣ʱǿʱͬʱҲʱҪСģ

岻ʱض԰Ҷ棬ҶҲһֱСţֻغǰѳܣ򣬸ת˼٣ÿһ˿ĸ֪֮¡

˶ŵʱԶҲ˱Щ֮ǰ͵Сû˿вǱˮĽ޴κһǳġ

Ǹʲôħģ

ǣûħӦɽĳްɣ

һǿƣȻǸǳأ

һ˿Źźǣ޶ĿĹ⻪ҫŰգӿڹâʣЩҵϢɨĸɸɾأźǷˣƬطһʱҲΪеľѳ

ȻһǿȻһѷ죬һĹâɳֱڵϣ¡¡ڶ

ȹâɢ󣬳ֵһȺ¼Ʊ˵ˣҵ˲һһȥ֪Ǵġ

ͨոոϵһȺˡ

һ͸ܵǰ𵴵ϢΪж죬һ£׼ҵļ˺˲ǰҲˣƬ̼͵˹źǵΧ

Щҵ۷׷ףЩʲôˣǿƣ

֪¼Ϊ񣬵ϢȴͬƶǴҲһң

Ŷǿң㿴һˣſƬҶӣҵı־

ļңǼı־ǶҶӰ

ǿǼҵһ־ƬҶǵڲ־ֻмҵĸֲҲһǰ˵ģ

ߵļ˶ѾˣǼĸֵжߣƬҶӵļˣǰ沢ͷģƺһȺлбǸߵģЩǵʲôز

ֹۣͣ뵽Щ˻ЩƺҲֻô⡢ôƣ

Ҷһʱ䷢Щˣ˵ľȣ俴а׼ҵˣҪ弰ʱܾͳˡ

ƺץģҸоûɱңеĸо˶㻳ź⣡˵

Ҷշʱõܰģүүʧˣ֮ҶҲûлذ׼ң׼ңҪԼⲻңǸĸ֪ԼЩʲôڰ׼Զûеλ

ڣ׼ҵˣȻЩٸн֪ʲôҲ֪ǣ

Ҷ㻹ʶ𣿡׼ҵǸߣ˰Ҷð׼ﳯҶʵ

Ҷһ㶣ɻس߿ȥȻƺ뵽ʲô



ڶ 

Ҷ뵽뿪ԷʱʼǴ͵һ׼İƽԭԺﶼյģֻһŴ£һ뷢׵ˡ

Ȼʱ˵ǸߣҶϳϢǵԼǸˡ

ǰþòҶ

߿ҶڲֽţҲƽϣ˵ҶԼ£赲

лǰҶ飬ʼ񣬰еעųϡ

Ҷ֪γƺ׼ҵǰǲẦԼģ⣬ҲԼǹԷʲô쳣״

Ҳڵһʱ䷢ЩˣӵˣղŻſܸܲҶЩϰڿǲ׳ɹˣЩļһǿĺݣҽһ۾Ϳǰ׼ҵߣ뷢׵˸һ޴ĸоһָоֻҪԼһ֣Ϳ϶䣡

˵ĵСδˣǶ֪Ҷǰ׼ҵˣЩȻǰҶͬˣǸʵǿЩСƲˡ

ˮȷ˽Ȼ֪עʧܣΪһ֮ڳ˵Ļܲսˣ룬ҲҪһ֡

ûĴ֣Ҷ͹ųǴȥĴֿɲǵˮ˿ɱȵģһŽ⣬֮ơû˿ǡ

ͬʱķҲˣһƯҺ壬ȥ̵ģһŴ飬żðɫҲƯĳ־綾

Һһſȥʱ޴嶼ɫŨŨĲɫ֮ʼˡ

츳Ӧ־ҵľ綾Ҳ¡⣬Ŷʱ֮ҲʼɻԶԶض㿪ԣʹƵĹЧǹ൱޴

ҶĴִûȥǰ׼ҵǰ֣Ȼû˳֣Ѿγɵػ֡ҲֵܵһΣճʱڶΡ

ĺòţ߳ˣ˲ͳ˹ųǰֻһֻ֣ͰеĹ

ҶǾȣղõĶǰطȻԼǿ࣬ʱİ÷

оҶľȣ˵˺ǿӦԽΪǾˣȻһʱ䣬Ҳǿģ

Ҷͷֽţʱ˶㣬ֻҪٹʱ䣬Ϳͬųһ˲ƽˡ

Ĺͷ׼ҵûͣţһ˲䣬ҰӰӣˮɢĶҲ

ʮƣΪĲִ٣ȫԼһЩʱ䣬ɢĶأ˸첻Ķأڣȴûʱ׼

˷·һŪڹ֮䣬ĸоʮֲˬ

Ҫ̫һСϢȴȻ

һߵţûйֱȣһߣᣬзɳһ⻷⻷뿪֮˲ֱС

עǰˣѹû˻֣ע⵽ʱǸȵĹȦѾԼ壬

Լճһ

˻Ȼһ𣬸ֻܲܳһ

ɡ

׼ҵЦкϻ֮óõսʱԳˣȴ˵˱ɣٺ٣ĺû

Ѿԭȵ״̬ղűƵĵطҲ÷סæУֵ˵Ĺ

ߵĻ޻˵ֻǹ۾һۣó֮ǰȸơ

˴һΧʱȻʧӰˡ

۾⻪ĬĬ߶ţȻȻ۾ˡ

ӣ߳һһȭһ󼤵ƻûĽһӾͱ¶Ӱ

ⲻɻƵôһӾͱʶˣҵڵϹһξ룬Ȼ¼ַƴӵԶ

ץסǼʱҶѾʱ䡣

ǰԺټ

ҶŨܵĹâ֮УźǺСǽһڹâ˸߿գȻһҵ𵴣ӴĳǳʧӰ١

үҶȥȻûҶ˵һ仰ųǣҲ˵ģɱԼĶӰˮƽǰ׼ҵˣ

˵ҶļҲֻˡ

֪˷ǰܰæ࣬ؼҪҶһֹϵѾɹˣðҶ֪Ͱ׼ҲûðҶָ˶԰׼ҵĸ顣

үղֻƺɽģƿǼ֣ʵ

ǸһﲻɽģϢϿӦĳ½ߣǸѾͶˣ

Ƶͷ˵ܾǰǾͶ˵Ҫֹڿûֹסǣ

˵ֹҲֻһʱģΣҪ֮ǰļνӼңǰĳҪиˣ

ƶںܾǰҲжţүûм˵˼ҲûʣǴĸ֣Ѹһ飬ûʲôֵעĶʰһʼ󷨻ȥ

Ҷһųǣ˲䵽һռܶǿյģۿȥĸ򣬶޾ʯͷЩʯͷдССҳɽ½ǶƮŵģеٶȻ졣

һƬյһʯУΪʯͷ˦ˣԿôһɾĵش

ųһʱԭƽ⣬Ҳʧȥǿĳųǹ

޾ʯͷӿҶһʱ˷ӦǿĹųǽȻţҶҲ˲չųǺһתĴ⬣ųǿĹ

Щʯͷųǵķ飬ССʯͷ׷ױ˦˳ȥӭײʯͷһʱ䣬ﵽײȻûʲôƴ죬;޴ƣȴ˸е·ĩƵġ

ײһµʱ䣬Ҫǹųǵǿ󣬵һ˵ãȻǿģʱ޿̶ڶ



ڶ߽ ߶

ڰΧʯͷΪųһЩռ䣬ڹųУ˷ͺĳѨһЩʯͷĳЩĶԲŲԵúڰ

Ҷ˵ˣ

˵ĿǰųѾľʯ֪

ȻʧѾõĹźϳˣȻûʲôĲǷģ˽븡ʧҲزɽ磬㲻֮ͬģ磬Ҫɽ׾٣

Ȼû˵ķı֤ҶǺܷĵġ

ϣ㻹ʲôҪ𣿡

ҪҲЩˣģҲ˵ҲȥģˣϢϢģ

ϵֵȥҶ󷨺һһӰɹסǱչѾõǧɳ

׹ӣˣǧɳϲɫһαչ࣬ԭĽȻ⿪ˣΪһ¥ﵽʥľ硣

⣬֮͵֪˰Ҷ飬֪δɻڴʱΪɻʵ˵Ҳɻʵй֮Ժ󣬰Ҷ϶һ֮ģ

Ҷǧɳţ䵽УųɣźĸСǣСʹͨһµʱǷɢأöɲ̵󷨹ЩľʯҲΪҶһѹڰҲЩˡ

źʥҲˣǳҶ񣬰ҶҲ

ڰˣҶϢϢɡȻң㣬ֻҪСųԭȸϢģҶ˵ҲǶź˵ġ

ɲҶƣ˵ӣûʲôҪģ

ûСҾϢˣﲻɽ硣Ժ󣬴Ҷÿˣɢ˰ɣ

Ҷ˵꣬ǧɳȥԭȵéݻָ

ɲ˵硣ץǼҪҪȸӿ

ɲ˵ǵȹӻָ֮ٸɣ

Ҳ˵ﻷȻӣ˹ųǣľ֮ˣҲûָΪ֪ʲôأ

ɲͷ˵ҪľǱʵҶȥϢɣ

ǣĹųǱøӰˣе澲ޣеֱӾڴϴеܵųǱԵСĵոɢΪá



򣬷绪ҵľУǷ绪ҵĵ³ǣȦɽޣֲɹɲݣǷ绪ҵص֮һ

绪ǬľĴ֮Уضվһˣһŵˡ

߶ߡ绪Ǭǰˣкǲڡ

绪ˣ£ҷ֮Ǳ˰ţ

绪Ǭָһصţ۾ȣò˵Ȼǳߴ߰ŵģҲܾܾɣҶӷ绪˷߰ɣһһݣӦƣй¶ϢҪΪ֮

߶߹һ񣬵л绪ˣ

˵꣬绪Ǭһܣ˳ȥȻøֲؿܣȻȥ޶ȴûѪ⡣

С뿪ˣ绪Ǭֹס̾һӰԶ˵

̾أ

̾ʲô

Ӱգ۾͵˷绪Ǭߣһֱڷ绪˷ߵǸˡ

˵绪ҵ̾ҲûãѾܻͷˣ

绪Ǭֻ۾ȻѪᣬһҲûһ֮ƣǶŮ

Ҳ̾һ˵ҪⲻĴҪ־͹ĸȰɣ

绪Ǭ˵ǣǶԻǣȻȡȴҲ޿κΣΪʲôҷ绪һһĽѣΪʲô

绪ҾһţǣʲôΪ㣬˰Լߣأ

绪һɽңʷƾãҴҵ󣬵˭֪ôһȴֻǱ˽űߵ߹ӣһȨûУֻҪ˼һˣʱܶκ飬Ĵ󲿷ȴĸԸؽţ

Ϊһѵѵˣ绪Ǭ޾ѹҪΪǼҵļңͱˡ

绪Ǭһ˵Ҫ鷳ֵܶӦһ˷ʣɣ

չ˷Ҷĳŵһõģ㣬ȴҪСˣǷ绪ҵ׽ΣҪдˣ

˵ţ˻һӰӣԶԶ뿪ˣ绪ǬҲѪᣬһ·һ뿪ľǡ



뺣Ķߣһ½أ쵽ĵطɽѨҲɽԭ壬ɽѵõһƽĵطȻԴḻΪһţԱ˶¡

һɻʣҲɽΪ֪һɻʣҪԭɽ磬ɻӰ٣ڵʱǾΪĵطǾҲɽеľ¶ˣһĹǾһǾ

ʱʹһﷲˣһľɽУǸ˵ĹżʵֻһɽԭأûʲôرĶ⸽Ҳмɽԭ壬ǰ͵壬Ҳ쳣ϲ

Щ˷ķǣôʱкͻƷİ϶ﵽ˵ˮƽԭȾļߣɳڵˮƽٶȣɽҲǼˡ

ɽУû¥󹬵סҲֻһéݣɸɾֻһţϢ

ʱҲ棬ĶһˣһЩˣǳȵܡ

ȵֵܣԴµѪߺò񶼷˱仯ʱ֮ǰҪǿ׳࣬òҲࡣ

ѾԻźԼĿģöû˵

ӣʲô㾡˵ɣ

ŵ˵Ǹ֮أûҲûйĶǣֻǰɻʵָʾЩǿҪǾ͵ǵʦаɣ

ɻ̧Ϊľǲݱ˷֪ﵽΪʲôȨ𣿻ҪռҪʲôģ

߲ûб˼ﱾǷ˴ЩʲôʱܳΪ򣬺óԼ̵úʣİţû˵ʲôֱӴӦžͳȥˡ



ڶİ˽ ܽⷽ

ȳȥ֮󣬱ڵ˵˵Ϊʲô

˵ҲӦòȨģЩ˶ԺܴƷ磬ܹṩòʯȻȥӦЩ˵ʲôʱõģ

Ŷô˵Ҹŵúˣ

Ӧǰɣ

̾һ˵Ҫʲôǲ뿪ģƹҪˣҲҪˣʱָͲˣ

һᣬ˵лл

ݸһЦ˵ôǲǺ𣿡

ûԱ𣬻Ƿ·һദġ

ʱԱһץһϡһС˶ԳΡ

Сʯܣ

СʯһССѾͷ쳣ۿɰǸһɽԭˣԴżȻ֮󣬾;棬Ѿˡ

㣬ߣҴȥ棬Ǳкö¹ǻ͸۵ģϿˣ

СʯҪȥҲɷɣԼܣˬӿҲû泩ࡣ



СѾͷˣҶܣ֮󣬶ɲ˰Ҷܵ

֮ǰҶҲ˱ץ˽ûж⡣û뵽Щ˾ȻܣһЩϤ

ã͵һĶͷ˵ӥչ

ɲһ㶣ʣʶ

·һӥģһץסȡģȴܣ

ɲȻ֪ġһеģһ˷ɽ綼дɾͣӥչȴڷͱץס˿ܣϧ̾

ҶŻԵӥչ뵽˷Ѿõľӣ֪ɽ޴ҪһˡһĬĬظշˣ룬޴ѰңȻɻʵı£ӦþͲжˡ

ӣȻǹˣǸδãһʵ

ҶҲ֪δáܣעˣɻҲ޴ӽ⿪ʲô

֪ν⿪֮𣿡

徲һᣬ˵Ҳ֪ϹŵĽɷʱҲûнģ٣ĻǻǻصˣҲɢˡ

Ȼ嶼˵֮ˣڰҶ̾ʱźϺȻ˵ˣ

Ҷһ㶣æʣзӽ⿪

ûзӣûзӣ

ҶǰһʣУ

󣡡

󣿡

뺣Уһɽ֪˲֪࣬һǿߣ˵ұҲʱһûǣ

ҶĿɿڴˣźɽƾãŷϵºۼͿ֪һȴ˵ǴǸгģҳʱûǣǵǶôƾõ°

Ҳ𾪵Ͽ˵ħڲԶĹ󣿡

ûӱ濴ֻһż˶ܷܣɽʵԴأϵŸп

æ԰Ҷ˵Ҷ֮ǰǶ

ػ˵ľ

ҶѾˣȻź϶һܽ⿪ܵķ󷨿϶ˡ

ϣ˵ﲻɽܴ֮أɻҲ𣿡Ҷʵ

Ǻǣɻʣɻɽ֮ҲߣûɻʣҲֻɽɻʰɽģģѵɽɻʾһеض𣿡

Ҷһ٣ȷʵûЩɽģģɻǿҲֻɽɻʣ˵ɽĳ˴ģɻǸǰʲô

УźϳǸô˵ǸͳɽķΧͨ

Ҷãڷľﲻڵģ档

ȰЩ˽պɣ

ãźϺȻ˵Ǹ磬ѾɽˣȻӣϢѾ䣬ҲӦ֮ͨľ쵽ˣɽֻЩƶѣиϢҵķ⣬⼸˵˲ɻʣԣʱϿ˵ϵ

Ҷ֮ǰ赲ʯʱѾ쵽ĲӦԭΪǺϸֲǣھһ˵ȷʵˣﲻɽ磬ҪϤΪɽΪ֮ףɽҲ£Ż״

ǺãȻʱ˵ϵκǣ

Ҷӿע⼸ܵУһԵĶɲæֹӲɣѣһǱ˿ɾˣǿɶǲҪļһ

޷ʱ˵ϵ֮ǻָԭǣ

ţɲһ㶣һԵܺͼҲסˣɲæʣָԭǣϵӣ˻棿

ǵ֪ʶΧڣܾ޽ģȻҲ޴Ӹϵû뵽׹ӾȻ˵ܸ

ʵ֪ĻȷڣλڸУԶɽ磬и籾Ϣ⣬ǹźһϹŷʵķרŸϢֲܵɻʣȻõ

ûµģǿŰɣҶŹźϵĻעܿ죬⼸˱ָϵĽҲҶ⿪

˻ǳΪһǣ۾֮ЩãȻ˺һŽʡ

һʵʣ˭

˿ҶҶǵͷ鲻Ҫ

һԵļ˽͵Ǹźǣˣ

źǣ

˵ȴ֪лгǳأ

һʻǸˣҲΨһΪ˿ܣΧǸ֣㹰˵μλǰ֪ǰܷ֪Ϊʲô

˿Ҷֿ˿ˣεضǼ˵˾˵ԼѾΪܣҲԱʱ϶亹ϢǴҡ

ܶǸ֣æסǣҶҲ˵Ƿģܲ£ǲǻָ𣿲Ҫ룬ܻа취ģ



ڶľŽ ³ǰ

Ҷһ仰ü˳ȷʵҲ˵û˵ΪָܻܻǵģǴ˰Ҷݣ֪Ҷ׼ҵĹӣǹźǳҲ˵ǰ׼ңǳΪһǵĳʹʵԣнҶ

һûôӥնһֱţΪΪܵʱڷ䣬ɽ˵ֻһ룬ûһȻɽ磬ԼΪԼ֪ˡ

ʯһĻﻹɢϢ𾪲֪ʲôڷʱҲǴɽһСͷ죬ȻΧҲ࣬ѸнĸˣʱԼֱ޶

һжףҲ֪ΪһƬ֮һƬãȻʲô֪ˡ

ܵ˶Ҷٺˣӥնǰ˵ӥն

ӥնһ㶣ʶң

Ҷͷ˵ʶ㣬֪ǴɽһСӥ֪ģ֪һоӣ֪ǧꡭ

ҶĻӥնˣε֪ģͨѵô

Ҷƺ֪ʲô˵Ҳ㣬ֻΪʶӣ

ӥնһǰʶ£

ҶзһЩӥն˵Ұ齲꣬ġʾѣ㱻ɽĴץסģһţְ˿ܣܾܣ

ţҶʲôԼԼԳ԰ϸϸ˵һ飬ӥնŪͬʱҲ𵱳һʱ˵ЩҪӥնа壬ȻаҲǿܵһ֣ȴûô

ӥն֮󣬲û˱ֵôҪΪΪûôʶȻ𾪾Ӷࡣ

ӥնڵΪ֮ǰȫһˣȰ㰲ҪúһʱǾҪڸˣҲһֱǣ

ӥնͷ˵лǰ

ҶЦ˵ʶƽưɣ

ӥն»֮ˣҶУҲûָ֮Уϵһ¶ЦݡǾͽаְɣлչˣ

ܵӥնƺҶȻЩףҶûбʾʲôҲ˵ʵҲֻӥնԷ˲Ÿν֪߲һˣ֪ҶĿǰĵλ򲻸ֵ֮ܵġ

ãȥɣúչǣҲһ

ͷڣѾҶˣҶıȫ󣬵ȻǰҶָһȻܵģðҶźá

ӥն˸ż뿪ͬȻ֮ǰȫʶ뵽ͬʱ̸֮ŨŨĸ顣

Ҷܾۼˣ˵λѾʱȫˣΪǶĺãԣӦöһ׹أزңΪ˴ܸõңϣҶ׼ײߣ˵Ǹιųǣ

ǳصķµ֮䣬ôҾȻֶãȴûʲôȣʼ

ǣڰҶĴ£ź˶ۼʼƶųǵĳǹ档

գضȫأǵȨ棬ͬʱｫΪɵسУΪ˳ĳУҲΪĳС

ƶ֮󣬰ҶûţͨǾͷģ˷䡣

Ȼ˼ǵϿգ˼Դɢ֮һֱ֮УҶһ֣¶Ϣʱж˷ɳ

ϣСӻˣ˾ƵһҶݣǰҶС

˾ǰôûںȾưҶЦʵ

Ǻǣþ֮ΪþƣΪ٣һֱȣǳˮˣԣһֱţʵ̲סˣһԺȸʹ죬֮䣬ܣ˾٩٩˵

ҶҲЦ˵˾ǰ֪֮

˵֪ʲô֮ˣЦˣ

Ѿͷ˵ʲôأ±˾ƳһֱСŮò˾ͷӣȻڿؽѾͷҲ⣬֮죬ƺС

ҲˣЦ˵ɾƴغܣΪǲģ

ãһҶ̵ģ˾ƲƲ졣

Ҷһ񣬰ҶҲûԼݣЩˣֻԼʱǷ

ҲˣҶ

Ҷֳһ

ˣʲôҪȥɽ𣿡Ȼ˾ʵ

Ҷͷҡҡͷ˾ɻʣͷҡͷʲô˼

һȥɽ磬ȥɽ֮ǰǵӦӦ

ôӦ

Ҳһ󷨣ǱߵϢʱԽܲܳܵס

Ҷôһ˵ڸ϶¶ϲɫڷˣٲҪˣңɽϢгԣǸеϲϾɽ綼ǵĿꡣ

ﲼã˾Ȼеġ

֮ϣҶָһƬɽ

Ǻãʲôʱã

˾Ƹ꣬˵ҶҪϢϢ֮ã

ҶЦЦ˵Ҳ۵ģ󷨲Ҳ򵥣֮һҪԣʱ޷ʱڷͣ

ҶѾüˣÿζҴææģȻҲû취ֻͬ⡣

ҶȣֱӳϷɣȻ򻮳һƬԼԲ򣬰еĻľҰ޷ݶŲƵ𴦣ܿ죬ͳһƬ֮أȻʼһ⻪зɳ³ֵĻ֮ϡ

˶ڰҶ濴ţҶֶɽֶΣֻܿһ㣬Ҳżʱעǿϡ

󷨲֮󣬰ҶǣǾǾһնɽϢ



ڶ 뷲

֮ǰ˵Ҷڸҵȥɽ·䲼һƬɽ绷Ľʱ֪˹źϵ˼ʵֻҪǾԼͿֱɷȥ򣬱ϾǾǰѷģǾһֱԼߣʵϣȴһƶתվ

󷨲ϺһɼĻγˣȫһЩ¶ʯͿԿЩʯͷѾʼѣֻԭ״̬

ˣʱԽ룬ֲ֧ס󷨻Զ˦һϣҪֿ󷨵תԴҵΪã

Ҷ˵˾˳ԣֱӴ֣վ֮֮С

Ϊ֮ǶҩͺЩӵʯһ˲ͻᱻɷĩΪˣЩ֮ǲҩЩʯеľһ㣬û٣Ȼ

˾ƵΪȴǲˣ֮˵һ붬Ȼˬڣȴһȶ٣ֻƷͺ֮ǰɾһҪգнԵĵֵ

˾վ棬ƺܣħԪҲ̽󷨻֮Уħȫ෴ģЩСġ

Ҷһ˵ҪģħҲֻڷħħɡͬǷɽ磬һѡѣѡʲôڷ֮ǰ֮Էħûʲôصʴġ

е֮ˣΪ֮ʶһߺֱӷɽ磬ħģͬɽ硣ȴڸտʼһѡǴɽ磬ɽתȥħ硣

ħ˵ǸɽĴڣֻЩһͺκζһħͺɽӰӡ

ɽħ˵֮䲢ûʲôìܡǻǾˮˮһЩħй¶ɽ֣Żвɽ硣ħħͷǣٻȥɽģɽ˵Զûħ⡣

ԪҶĻҲоֵֻطӦͷ˶˻У֮ȫеһ˿غͻȡ

ԪҲȥˣҲ׷׽룬󷨷ԲȻڶ࣬ʸȴ࣬㹻ˡ

ûһᣬ㡢Ͷˣûн룬ڻӦѹȣڰҶߣ˵Ż

ֳ󣬰Ҷ֪ҲҪԼģҶҲ˵ԼҪ顣

ϤɽĻһҪ׼ɾͱĶһʱ䣬ܰȫԣҲõģ

Ц˵ҲİɣǿɲǷܿӦġ

ˣ㣬Ѿҵ⿪ķˣ׼ɾͿԸˣ

⣬֮ǰҶͶŵɽ͸ƣɾĽṹʱҲӭж⣬ϾǧɳôΪˣο㻹һء

Ц˵лӹˣ

֪ôһ죬ȻˣҲû̫˷ܡ

λȻѾϣҾ뿪ˣҶ֮УЩȫ˳Ҷ

Ҷ

ʧ١

Ҷ뿪Щֲٴν֮У֮ϾǸ߼֮еļֵľЩеһͳˣ󷨴ȥɽ磬п϶°빦ģ

Ҷع鱾壬߳éݣ

磬ȥɣҳȥһ£

ڰҶ˳ƺԼǸˣҲԹҶȴ˿⣬Ȼ˽УҲû취ˡ

Ҫȥ

ҵųܿЩʯûҪĶ

æ˵Σյغݣ㡭

Ҷҡҡ֣˵֪ΣգģҲ뿪ԶңҲǣάڹųһûµģ

Ҷô˵ȻŰɣҲû˽ڣֻøˡ

ҶֱųϷɣ֮еһ쳣ǿѹѹųǻ鲼Űѹжȥ

ҶЩȣ˵ôǿѹóȻ븡磬϶һӾͱѹˣ

ɹųǷҶʮӦˣһʯͷϣʯͷԭһ޴ʯͷϵģųǷ󣬾һֱƮڹųǱϣʯ

ҶɢҲܵϢӰ죬չĲǺܿҶֻðѰҲ˳˫£۲ʯͷ

˺һᣬҶʯͷͨȴ̺ôɾȻվ

ҶûжʯͷֻһͨʯͷҪЩʯͷ

״ɨȥ֪켸ǧǱɨʯͷܱҶӦܿ죬Ҷͷһ鲻һʯͷæð˲ƹȥ

Ҳֻа˲طϸֱӽ˲ƣͨ˲ƷȻ븡϶ƶ˵ġ

Ҷǿʯͷϣʯͷ󣬷ԲֻзԲʮɣҰ׵ɫԼЩ󣬲ֵطʯ

Ҷϸ鿴һЩ̾ȻһƷɾ󣡡

ɽ磬ɾڸôҵģû뵽ڸУȻôɾͷһɾʯԼĻܵõ׼Ʒɾ

ҶƷɾûжȤҪɾܵĸƷʵɾԣʯͷʯͷʼȡиƷʵɾ

ЩƷɾѾͣҶûа취·ֿͬҲûбҪϾƷɾɾôҶҪеƷʸߵɾЩƷʵĿ˵ʮϡ٣Ϊʯͷõɾط˵ȴ쳣ḻġ

ҶټɳУѰãҵ˵ƷʲģȻǿԼɾĸ򣬲ǳΪƷɾģ˵һֻΪڣҶֻһ칦򣬾ҵ˴㹻һƷɾɾƷʱȵҵĻҪ߼

Ҷûǳͣ˼ƷɾĽṹƷɾûнӴֻͨƷɾƷɾθ֮󣬰Ҷſʼ֣ЩƷʼߵɾһһԼĽṹС



ڶһ ɾ֮

Ҷ쳣ϸģϴʱҪģɾλ΢۵Уγһλõľ

µʱ䣬ҶŰҪɾϣͨеɾʱɾһ⣬ɾ֮䳹ںϣγһɵĽṹ

ɾǰεģͨ͸żɫĹâɾҲǵĹâۼĿ

ǼƷɾȻֻƷɾȻƷɾŵ߼뼫Ʒɾ֮Ȼࡣ

ҶֻƽؿɾȻǼƷģҲԤϣûоɥɾҲվ

µľʯΪҶкƷʵɾҶƶһ飬ʯͷһɢˣҪǰҶȻЩʯͷʯˡ

ҶôһѾʯֱӷɻعųǣֱӶһϡ

ǹźԭסڵĵط˵ԭס񣬵ȴɽԭ壬һֱˣΪõһԽһ壬ڶŽͬʱҲŶذݣһֱǶЩ˺ദͬ¡

Ҷһ֣ԭ˵ע⣬ΪҶһƷɾŨ֮Щ˷׷״ܳ

صľʯʱգ۾Լǲۻˡ

ԭȶˡЩԴ븡ֱȴɽƶĵط֮һǵҲһƷɾ˵ҲޱȵءڣȻһصƷʯǶԼǲۻˡ

λЩʯҸȡɡԭʯһԺһҼľģ

ЩҶݵл

Ҷͷ뿪ЩΧһѾʯ

ԹԣҴûôɾʯ

Ҳû㿴еعޡӦѾƷʯˣ

ģ֪Ūġɽ磬û˭һóôʯģ

ұ˵ˡȡɣ

ǣܵǶȡһ飬ȻǿʯȴûȲ˵ڵĻɾҲǳģǶǼ飬һʱҲ꣬Ҳ˵ˣ֮󻹻еأһ飬ȫ׵İ취

Ҷһɾ󣬾ȥӥն⼸Ȼʱָǣ˭֪ǵʲôֶٿǣһԱɾˡ

⼸רŵչˣǿҶæ񣺡

Ҷǵͷ߽Ǽܴطܶ˽ƣһǱǣǰ

Ҷ󣬿ŵҲ֪ҶҶһۣҲ˼

УֻӥնǷģȻʱΪܸߣʶȴ࣬ԼһİΪãĺܣЩǰĽȻûнӴҲܿĸһУʶҲķɿ졣

Ҷƺûֹͣļ󣬱ſڵλͣһ£

Ҷǵ۵ЩȴæҶ񣺡ݼˣ

ҲôУֻ⣬



Ϊߵ˵ǣлȻΪߣõŵĵطԸǣ

Щ֪ԼܵݺͲһ־ҶתȻʲôǿԼʱ䵱ܱ˲ݶ֮ϣ

Ҷǵ뷨Ц˵ҲˣԵ֣һƷɾ˿ͬãǿΪ

˵գǿƷɾ˳һƣɾͷˡ

ɾɢžӨƺʵʻɼƷ֮ߣ㶵ؿƷеļƷһʱ侹Ȼ˵

ƴʱȴְҶѾˣҶ֪ɾǿ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵һֻڿһɵĻ룬

Уĸ˸пǧǰҲֻʹƷɾʱõƷɾǶãƷɾҲҲõȻûǣֻеŨ֮ˣûбҪȥƷɾ̫˷ˣ

ڣҶǣǴûĸƷɾһʱ䣬ǳ˸пҲе޴֡

λ磬ôˣӥնΪ磬Ҳɾ󣬵ȴûоʶ

ĸ˻࿴˿ҡҡͷϴ˵ˣǾӱǣ

˵գһɾɾλ룬Ȼھʯܣ˲䣬ʯɢŨ쳣ʹȥգЩҲԶӿӥն֪⾧ʯˣظеΪ͵һ𣬾ȻԼڻתˣ£λһʼתЩŨ

Ҷ뿪ӥն֮󣬲ûȥųǱĵطȻ˲ƳȥڸѰұĿʯ

ȻߣԶɨ裬λľЩ죬ٴηһ֮ǰƵľʯ󣬲εϴεǸҪһҡ

Ҷ޴ʯͷϣָʯͷϾӨĲ֣˵ȻǱأ

˵գȻϥʯͷռĸƷɾ

ʱʯͷеɾϺ󣬰Ҷûںϣ˼ɼƷɾ

֪Լ֪ޣģҲֻƷɾƷɾеļƷȻֻƷ뼫Ʒ֮޴⣬еͷ۵ǣƷɾһ֣ȴһֶ֪

⼫Ʒɾ׸ιɣƷɾѾǼƷֻᵽĸ̶ȣУΪʲôƷɾ࣬Ʒɾȴһ֣Щ֮ʲô𣿡

Ҷ˼ţڰҶʶؿţ飬ҲǰﲻæȻ֪ԨȴûҶƾԼֶɾҶĶǿʱģԺɽɾڵˣֱӰѿеֱѹˡ

ҵƷʵ磬ҵƷɾˣҲʼ˼ȥĵط֪ܶ࣬ûȥƷ·



ڶ ʯͷ

˼ãҶȻûʲôɹ˵ȥѰҸƷʵ磬ܽ⣡

Ʒ磿ҶĻһ㶣Ȼҡҡͷ˵ˣȲ˵ƷʺõѰңⷽҲʺϣϾҪǼƷɾ

˵ƷɾɽҲϡ֮ҪС磬һЩƷʵ磬ȫʯʯɣУҵƷɾңҲƷɾҲܲǸ磬ɾ˵ٶģ

ǲˣҲǻзĿԲһ֮ģ¸ӵĳ̶ȿ϶Ʒɾ

һ֮ģҲֻǷĺģ£ȴ棬İɣ屾Ǵڸ֮壬ѰҸ磬ʺϵģ

Ҷ˽ⲻǺܶ࣬ʱ˵Ҳ֪ηˣϾǵ壬Ųȥġ

Ҷû˵˵ȥѰҸƷʵ磬Ѱķ֮ǰҵ˷ǸƷ˵Ҳõģ

Ҷͣãʵʲôʱ

һһ˿ʶʶ֮СûҵһҪҵʱ

˵գҲҶʱ䣬ֱӴӰҶ뿪ʧ١

ģҶ˵ٺòģȻ֮ǰΪȰҶһδѣҲΪǴδѣǰδеǿԣڿɵش֮䣬֮ǰ˵ءǴڸ֮塱ҲֻǶǿ˵ġЩΪ壬Ȼֻܴĳضĵط

ߺ󣬰Ҷֻеһյģһ¡ѾĲһ֣ˣԼ˵Ĳˡ

̾һҶѼĸƷɾýưУûںˣԼƽ֮˵ա޴ľʯҲ

վڸСҶ۾Զȥ

źǡĸСǣڸ޾ʯͷ֮СһǣڰҶϣܸѹȣصطҪô޵ףҪôһƬ½룬ǹؾɫ

αȵعأ

Ҷи̾ûаؼĲظҲǻԵˣԼҲͻˣԣ֪ġ

뵽ҶʼһĹӰܿ죬Ź㸡ߣһŹųǣͬʱҲѸղȡǿ޴ľʯ˹ȥųԶһ򣬰ҶͨǾ˷䡣

ųУԭȶֻ͸ǷһϴλҪ޴ľʯ˹֪ͨǰӭӡ

Ҷûгָ֣֪ǴöˣϴһǶ԰Ҷ޲ѣҪȡʯʱһŹ⸡ͷϡ

˲֪ʲôģֻǹȻɢγһӰڹųǻֵڲһһ

ʼ˻Իѣܿ죬һЩ˾ͷá

ɲЩӰĲ˶Ӱ񣬵ͷ˵ӰȻ򵥣һĿȻ

УȻʥµܺúģ

ɲ˵ʱܻ˱ˣоʥʥô˵£æͷĹӰܿ죬˾ͳˡ

ͬڷ䣬ЩǶ֮ӦţȻʷһŰ׹⣬ûŪʲôͼⱬֳĹӰΡ

ʵһеɽ

ʲôɽŋ춴ʵ

ʱɽ˵һ飬˵ӦҶΪǸģҿ򣡡

Χ۲ϵĹӰ֮еĸǣѾЩͼӰ֮ˣ˾ƾһ

ЩӰԾľ͸ŶģȻԼʲôͬҲûע⵽֮ܵӿӿ֮Уƽʱ͸еˣڣʹ࣬쳣泩Ϊķɿ죡

ˣͬ

ҶͨǾ˷ľ󣬰ȻǰҲ˵ɽĹȴЧ΢ɷʾ

ɷǷܹ̺ݵĶĶˣ

ڰҶٴѰҾʯʱȻͷתһԣԱߵһ鿴ȥͨͨʯͷ۾Ǻɻ

ǿʯͷʮͨ޾ʯͷУûʲôرĵط棬ȴճһƴСʯͷСʯͷȴǻģ

ҶеʮȤȻлʯͷʯͷǾ֣ǻǼľӣʵʵڻŵʯͷͺǧһʯͷûѪȫʯͷˡ

ҶסСһϸСʯͷܰһسŵʯͷҪǸղһʳĶҶ֪߾Ȼôһڲͬ

ؼ䣬Ȼ治а

ϸ۲һᣬʯͷƽʱ֪ȫһȲ˵ʯͷ֮ϢҲ˿ûУⲢΪСһСǰҶͨ͡۲õͳһۡ

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ҶѾ룬ǲҲһվƷɾ

ǰСһֻǸСһֻǱͨʯͷԶЩҵ߼ʯͷ߾ҵԼҪĴ𰸡

ˣ֪֮ǰȡɾʯǲ壿

˵գæȥѹųеľʯԭɨһʧط֣ﲢûʯͷ

Ϊ֤Լ룬ҶٴΰߣҪҵĲǾʯʯͷϧãȴû˿֡

ѵˣҶѸǰСһ

ûҲˣ

źϵȻ볤ָ̣ҶæӦ



ڶ 븡

Ϊֶ쾧ûΪǾʹˣ

źϵ첻

ҶȻ֪ΪԼ붼ôȻʵʳϣʲô

и飬Ǹ羫飬ںƴĸҲ쳣ϡٵģܷѾˣΪֶٳǸſܿǡ

⣬Ҳ룬ԻΪ棬ͨʯͷΪʳ彥ıøɾһ࣬ҲֻܽƷɾڼƷɾǸе߲ſܽУߵʮֻȸеļƷɾҪٵĶ࣡

ϵ˼Ҷˣ˵ȥֱѰҾʯˣ

лϽ󣡡

ϵȥȻˣҶʯͷȤȻûм٣ΪȻƾıɾǿ϶жԼõĵطԼԽǣܲԭȲ֪Ķ



ҶڸѰɾһصĵطͬɾõĲǰҶطǿһֹ

ĵȫʯֻмͻļʯͷ⼸ʯͷ󷨵ɲֻ֣ʯͷмɢŵĹ⻪ţһѤĹâ֯м䣬һصͼΣҶ϶֣ᷢӰͼԼľṹʮơ

תţܲӿ֮УɾȻЩɾںϣһľ塣

󷨱ȰҶطˣΪֱܹɾȱǣ߼ɾңÿƷʶһƷƷҲƷּƷȻƷɾؿƷ΢΢

󷨵ܡһȺЩܹжʮÿ˵ŶͬһȥͺһȺھۻᣬʵǵжҲۻᣬΪеںȾ̸죬еڶģеڴϢеĵĴ߶š

ιԽԽˣһ϶ɫҶƬ˶ԶĹͷ˵

ǷǧɽҪȡҶˡ

ְԴһȦ˵Ȼˣˣ

˵գ뿪λø˱ˣԵһ£һ۵ˣﱧһѳͷţ֪ڿʲô

ҫ

ʲô

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ҫͷһ˫۾ŵع⻪˵ֿˣ

ǰһЦ˵ͺãﶼˣԴӵõһûôأ

ҫ˵ֻʵһ㣬Ҫ̫⣡

ֶֻѣϴ·ȥϹսʯ˳Ǹ̥һز񫰡

һ˵׼ҵķ̥ҫ뵽˸ڰҶеǸ֣ϴΣҲ񫣬ڷƣԷҲûоȫȻ֪ɽ磬ԼɣҪսȴղܣ



һ׵˹أҲǵҪɱҶˡ

һЦֵܺǣǳȥһǺúϢɣ

һ϶¶ĽɫҪûǲܳȥģڸӵнŵʱ

Ҷ϶֣ᷢЩ

һڵС㣬ǽţǵսʯΪӵнţǵĽſɱȲϰҶĽţҶĽźͽӵ磬е磬ǣͨһ磬ǺƽĽˣǿŽšͽһͷ磬ʵѸٵӣ˭ȥֻߵΪȴԼսʤһʥ

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ܿ죬˾߽һУ͹âѾһıԺУǿ

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ҫֻǰͷʲôҲû˵

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˵ͷԱһӣһĻֳܿͳһ棬ޱ޼ʵľʯ

磿ֵ˵

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Ȼ˵ЩţҲʾʵڳǵʵΧǾɻʲȥĵطǾΣգοǡ

ɵͷ˵֪дΣ˽ܴԽҲܿɥΪһȥװ𣿡

ҵǸ˼ԼĹͷ

Ǻǣ

ϳ⣬ֱǰ仨

˴ܲÿ仨ȴ˵װڲͬҫһۣ⻨ҲøʣֱͺԭеģǹŰӣ⻨һҲԵ÷ŵѣأǻ˽Σһ

һֿд£ڸжȻ˵ɽһȴҲûʲô谭

ŶıȵĿǰ

ҲҪע⣬ҪṩģȥʱҪɾɾˣǾͻܹʱ䶨Ϊ꣬۽Σ

˵գóöָָ󷨿ռ䣬Ҫɾ

˽ӹָãЦ˵ھ񣬸ϴβ࣬У

һٴֳһţЦ˵˷ģŷййأ

˵գ粽ԽţҫҲֱ

˿뿪ȻһΣҲʧ

ͨţһ޴ĴǰȫɾǶƷɾά󷨵תﵽԶҲֻģĴܴﵽ硣

Ǻԥؽ봫ٳʱѾ˸Ե

ٺ٣죬߰ɣ

ƺһҲ⸡ˣֱӷǰ޾ľʯУϵɢһâ˸ΣյҲŽȥˡ



ڶĽ ί

Сʯ񣿡һǸСѾͷС׽ԲأҪκηʶʱҲϢԱˡ

ܿ죬һխҵ˶СѾͷ

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Цͷ˵СһƤɸҶŶ

Сʯͷ۾ϡ

͵÷ʶɷµ˵ţȻԶȥСϷֻͬһ𣬲Ȼ˫òڵġ

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ɽҲҪСʯڵĴ䣬ֲ˼ɹԼÿժһΣõĹҪǧŲժһΣժĹӣҪôԼʳãҪôȥĴ佻Ʒ編ɾ֮ġ

Ȼɽ˼󲿷ʱҲǿеأЩʱҪôһҪôĴ䣬ҲԶڸ

Сʯһ棬ΪĸĺӶŸĸȥˣһĳʶġ

ܵ˷ֵıϡСʯķΧˣһĲݴԣ棬СʯСʯ÷ȴԣԣһֱʶСʯ

СʯĿ㿪ʼˣضһߵСʯҵԼһǰķ⡣

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˵ΣգСģ

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ʱҲǺɵŵӣأȻ˺ɱݻǶˣ

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Сʯ񡣹ԣ𶯣ǻǺˣǻģ



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Ļֻеһ󼤵ϵƹתе嶼סá

ƣƮ춯ˣʵ纣˰ӿΣղһǼ׺һԣϵϢתһӱÿ񱩡׺ԭȻֻһ΢磬Ȼϯص쫷磡

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ǱߣСʯƮڿл۾ɻҲܸеΣոоȴ֪ⲻ㣬϶ǣ



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ڣеԼһ𱻽סˣڣѾԭˡ

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ɽȿȥͣʵϣÿʶܸоⰲ̺ǿıƺֻҪһССĶرΣա



СʯǱߣ˶ǰľ󾪴ˣ֮ǰѾ̽ΪǺܸߣǳ߶ߣǺҲܶԿοĹǾڰ֧֣ڣͻȻıûʵһӱɲˣ޵ѹ˸еԵǾ

ԥʱһ𣺡ֻҪܣܳˣҶԸ

˵ĹǾͷҲһʯͷʼԭȵļƻΰɽء

ϣһǹһɫ۵˳ڿУûһ˿װΣɢŴ׵ͷվһ˫ۣüһ÷ӡǣؿ·ԽԽŰĻ

ƺҲȻ̧ͷȻ˲䣬˿УһâȻѾһѽ˵üġ

ٶѸޱȣ߶߶ûпÿ죬طʵжǿȻһӹǾĸ֣Ҳ̫˰ɡ

߶߲֪ʵԼģǿǸطġ

еĽ˲ɵģһɢҲûˣüǸˣƺʲôҲûһ˵㻹ǻʹİ취治ôġ

һ֣һǹֱӴлѻݺݵشɽУҵһƬˡ

߶߿˳֣ȵĹǾǰɣΪʲô֣

ɽиĵĹ涨ǾǾֻܶʥϵ˳֣Ͼʥµ˶Ǿ˵޶ǸողʥڣǾһҲɱȻ涨Ҳֻ˵硶ѣ߶ôʴ滺һԼϢ

ҵϣʲôʱֶԼ飬ԣ㲻ңĹǾ˵

߶߻˿ȻʵǾҪʲôȫɱ𣿸㣬ԷΪǱˣ

Ǿȫɱˣ

Ǿһ֣ǹ£ʯһ㣬ɽеÿ˶һУƺϾҪѹˡ

䡭

˲ڰգſ˫۳һеǹ⹥

ҲӰʲô鶼ô䵭з

ĹǾ˵ʲô˼𣿻ǣҵѵЩˣ

ǺǣУĹǾҪ鰡

ܺãһģЩһҲ뿪ˣ

ĹǾЦţҲЦţԶصĵطǿͬЦš



ڶ սʼ

Ȼܿ壬ȴܸоı仯ԼȻɢǿƣУǸĴ˾ߣԼĲ֮¡

ƵĽ֮УȴԸоλã£ѾȫԼʶȻ˾ţ֮ڵƷĽ֮ǰ

ģҲϤޱȣԲýԼȫ͵ȥʱһǣסˣԽԽԶϵذѱϢͽʶУɥʧҡ

Ȼһֱ壬𣬷סûǿקеطѻʶͨһ飬ӻʶоһ⣬ǻıʶȻһĨʶתû˽֮УȥƷ硣

ʣµʶǹǣ֮һȴʧ˻Ƶģ֪޾ˡ

Ȼˣüͷеı飬˳ָһ£Ȼҡҡͷ˵ʧˣû뵽ȻɻʵĽƣҲֵô򵥣һƹЩġ

еʳȫУȻվԶ˵Ĺ㣬ȻˣվҪһ

ʶع˱塣ȻʶˣڴʱĻ˵ֻʧȥ˼䣬һճĺӡ

˵ôһ൱ˣ˵òģϾȫ½пƣǡʶꡢһģʶΨһʱһʶȴѾǻվǻһˣܷܲԭȴǲȷˡˣ⿡Ĵ˲üͷ

ĹǾΪһǾɽҲдģ˵Ϊɽ±

ԶΪ󣬲Ǽ򵥵塣еطöֲòԼġһ̣ɲöԷȥɻʣҲжϣԣһĹǾҪֳ£ܽ

ĹǾȻġ֣ԸȴЩִҲעˣָµʱҲ֣ͣ

Ǵ˿סĻظ֮Уһ˫۾ͣܿưÿ鶼ܾ쵽ϻصϢ߶߶Ҷһ£´ǹɱϢ

ĹǾ֪Ե˭϶ˣ˵껰֮˶ʮĬ׼

ֻ˫־ش޵ָתεƺΪʵϣѾ֯һ޵ĵطϮĵط

һߣĹǾվţȥҲûʲôʵϣռһضţµӣ𶯰󷨣ۡ

ͬʱ˶ˣһӾ͹Ķȫɽȵ·һغޣ˲䱬ױȵرŰҪ͵һ

һߣĹǾ㣬أܹĵȥ𶯲ܼȴ󷨣ԣȻ֮£Ѿȫƶײˡ

߶ߺЩ˷׷׺ˣǲٴɽˣȻ϶ᱻ߶ĸֶ

ȫοˡ

ǣǼ˳ɽʱѾýơ󷨡

߶ȫǱѷˣ֮ԱѣΪĵ״źݾ֮ͽʱʱ̣һ棬ҪɱΧģעҪԿˣ

СʯԶţؿĹǾĻʱĻ˵쳣İǻѰңĻȥ

СʯʱȻ֪ʶѾǸƷУ壬ʶܵڣҪʶţȴһ壬屾Ǵʶ壬İ£Ҳƾʶˡ



Ʒ磬ȲҪ˵Ұ岨

岨ҲҪѻʶµĴƾʶڣȴܰȫ壬ȻԶҲȫָˣϾû˵ĸӵġ

һʱ䣬˵ˣˣ

еԼһû壬ֻеĲҪ֪壬֪Լʲôˡ

ô̾Ϣһڵʮ־ɥ

˵ղ֮԰ıʶǵܵЩϢӰ˱ģߣǸ˵˼µҳϹߣ

Ķ䣬ң˾ǱˣڹľԶ޷Ĩȥ岻ı䣬֪Ժ϶ãҲȻ뷢顣

һʱ䣬֮ҾͿٰͻȥ

ܸоһͷľԿ֪ʱ䡣

ΣֻôӦ



ĹǾ롰һսν춯أǸȻǲŻ壬ʵϣּսʽҲڳһû

˶ǳ֣ս֮ȴûжƻɽɽˮˮľûʧ١

ҲΪ˵Ǹ֣аҶɱʥĻأĹǾ͡ȫԿƹ˶Է֮⣬ʱоʲô

սɽȵһǣսͬڼЩ׼ȫ󷨡ơϻȵȣЩͽܵش̵ܶʱڣһϵ˱н˻ǡ

߶Ҳ˿սû뵽ЩȥôƫƧ˾ȻôҪѸٻָͱſˡ

Է׼Ҫɳȥǲˣ

߶ţҲ֪ߵЩļһ²˶ˣҲǴ˵˼ֻҪһЩǱʵ뿪ˡ

ĹǾΪ롰սԭµĽѾɢʹýţԣսȻôţѰһ뿪



һطɻʾվһˣɻ˵𣬿սɣ

ǣĵʧ٣ûãɽ綼ʼ˲ͬѰ



ڶ߽ ɽ֮

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Ǳصİʵȱܵ岿ȫܻ񣬶һЩصҲͻȻһƬ͵ͱӵˣң뺣кȻһƬħ뺣޶ħʴ֣꣬صҷ

ӺܾúܾǰɽѾûͳһˣȻƴ󣬵Ҳһĵģֱͳǰ˸Ǿ֮ϻɻʣԶϹʱڣһ󣬷·˼ĵһһͳɽ硣

ǰ˸ǾǾ֣ϣÿųһƽֻЩ峤ߴҵǣɻʣеĴûɻʵӡ

ǣʱİ˸Ǿۼһͬʱ峤ߴ죬Ǿۼĵطһ򵥼ӣһ⣬

˸ǾɽѾռ˰ڽɽΰһϿԺɨɽˣǾۼһ𡣸˵ѹȸҲʮǿܵͬ򵥣̻ǿˡ

˸Ǿбûְλ֮𣬵ȴλ곤һǾͷ˵λٻҹΪƵƵ飬ҲҪʲô

û˵ϵıѾ˵Ƕ֪ġ

ˣһǧꣿһꣿҸȼʵǴҶ֪ûŹǡЩʱǷչԭ򣬴жΪʲô

ǾǸһһɨˡ˵֣ɽңϴɽ綯ңû뵽ĶܻһֻءȻҽЩ׷ʧȥӰò˶áЩٴγ֣ҶǵĿģЩϴ̫æûжоҪסᣬҪ׷Ź

Ȼû˵ƺЩѹ֣ǾһᣬִһϿʾһ

ɻǴˣҲ֪ǵĿģǵֶΣԣ˫ؽţԷһһ˫Уľ濼˫ҲǶ˫ԡ

ɻĲǶԷǵ˵̵Ҳ˵벶ȸں󣬵ΣǶҪ

˵Ǿ۾ת˲Զŵİϣ˵Ŀǰвص࣬ҵȷ㣬ֻһӰǣǾǰ׼ҵǸ̥

ȫһһ˫۾׹⣬Ǿ˵ǾҼҶȻԶݸ磬Ⱦָɽ磬Ǿˣ˵Ұ׼ǾԼ빲ҶҰ׼ҵϵʲô

ǾҲҲ˵ֻǵһ䣺СܲΪԻ

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˻࿴˿ȴû˳ԡ

ã䣬׼ҺͱңȻ뺣βǼ򵥵أҪֹħ磬֣Ҫȫ

ͼسǣ׼¾һǵˡ

Ǿеش塢Ըһ飬Ȼÿ˷һƣ˵λɻʴƵɻսʱҪʱɻʺ

ǣ

ȻǴ峤죬ǿƵǾɻʣֻǳһĴڣɻʵȻΥ

ɻ˱ˣǾ֮ǰķԸȥִУЩǾڹС

ǲҪȥ󣿡һǾʵ

곤Ǿҡҡͷ˵ɻʵָʾҪ·һ·ȥʮĻգ鿴֣һ·ȥǷһ·ȥ󣬲ȥΪ˽ȥҲǷֹ˽ȥǶڰй۲죬˭붼ҪֹֻҪס˭Ϳˣ

Ϊɻ־ģЩǾȻͬһɻʣʱҲҪ£Ǿָʾͷж

˵Щ峤죬󣬿ռһζǱѵ

̾ȻɻֶΣȻ˵ɻʵΪҲʥֻ󣬵ʵϣÿһͷ׵õģǾǾɻʾɻʣʥͬҲֻʥ

վھǰ˵ɽֱˣ˭˭Ϊģһͨ˻浽¸Щ߸ϵǾɻʣһҷ𣡡

ǺǣֹȻ󵨣ȻطЩһ

νЦ˵䣿ҿɲң޳ǳΪĻÿ仰ܳΪ䣿

Ǻǣˣ֣˾ֻȥ׼ɣϴǰ׼Ѫϴһ飬פ뺣Ҫ̫뺣Ū

ЦһŪΣҵǺħ硢󣬶ϡãǲʡʡ£

˵գһΣȻϢʧˡ

Ȼǰ׼ңط񣬲



绪֣Ϊɫ̫ã

绪ǬһԵˣЦЦ˵ûʲôֻϢЩҰˣûˣ

绪֣绪ұҼĶ࣬˴ػҪ绪ֶհ

˿ˣ»ᾡģҾͺúòҪİ׼ң

ǺǣҲ˴㣬׼Ұһ飬ҲνУ

ţ

绪Ǭͷż˳Զȥֵһļ塢ǣҲۼһ𣬼֮ǰ裬ǶͷʱɻʵҲ£ⲻһҵ£ȫɽ£



˵ɽңҶȻڸ޾ʯͷѰɾʯĸ飬˵ģʵ̫٣ѾҵԭĴƷɾʯҲûٷֵڶ飬Ҳ֪ԼǸСһǶôˣʱˣԶҲ֪Ȼôһ

ʱҶһôʯͷϣʯͷȥͨͨʵϣڲȫԭƷɾŨƷʺõ



ڶ˽ ʯ

һʯͷͱ֮ǰеƷɾʯһͨԭĸƷɾɾĲҲһ¥

ȻʯҲѼ˴ĸƷʵɾȻûɾûаʱǲᶯֵģȻֻ˷ѡ

۾ҶѼĸƷɾýսУȻʯҲ˽ȥ뷵عųʱȻһһʯȻϸʯͷȥԭʯһ㡣

ҶԭΪʯײϾȫʯͷײĻʤϸ۲£ȴײǺһŽСˮһʱһƬ췭ظ

ҶȻǰȥ̽ЩУȻһһĶŤתڣܵľʯɨ

ܵʯͷͺܴ󣬶һʯ֮У󣬶⡰㡱ȴ԰ǽĴɽͿ֮ˡ

ܿ죬Ҷע⵽˲ףųʯǰУƺҪ㣬ǹȴû˿õ˼Ȼ֪ΪʲôҲֻ취ܲ

ͷųǣҪﻹҪЩʱ䣬Ҷź콣˲ƶЩ֮С

ʯɽһ㣬Ҷ϶ţܲú콣ֱ˲˲ƶ˵Ѿʮʶˡ

ܿ졣صʯڵڲǹҲչǰ

Һڣ޳ԼһʮɳĶԴмСβͱⳤͼ˵ӡ

ʵҶпһʯ㣬ʯǰȴкܶڸͷϡɽʯ㣬ҲֻǶʮɳѡ

ԶԶؿʲôһˡŷӴơ˾ȵǡȻͷЩϵȶһͷ˳ȥܣЩʯȫ棬ΣͺڳطƵء

ǲҪãϵ

Ҷûоȣʵϣʲô㣿ǲɽ˵ʯ㣿

ȷʵ㣬Ҳ룬ʯͷеʯ㣬ǲǸеأɽʯĵطҲʯ㣬䶫ɽڣʯҲԿ˾޴ʯ㣬ȴֻивС

ҪƤһ㣬ÿƤΪӵؼ֤￴ߣռƤǿɼ׵ľòϡ

һųǾҪ

£ҿùųͣԹųûʲôӰ졣

˵ٴγţҶ˺콣úÿѵһľʯƤء

ʯƺҲҶһԹۿȻ趯ɢŽƣڳĿռӹ̡ȶһ

˺ܳһʱ䣬ȫǹĽƣһ룬ʯ棬Ҷڹ֮УۿȻ

ʱųѾˣųΧȻɢصˣԺܻٶȿ룬ȻųǺһһ㣬һʯƮ

ҶòϵֶΣᣬһƴسǳؿƵ£ֱһ˿һû

󣬰Ҷʯ

ʯȫЩɫʰĵطʼƣ鼴Ĵһ㣬أ·͸ɫĹ⡣



΢΢ǣʯһԽԽ󣬹âҲԽԽʤԼУҶѷʯ壬쳣ÿķۺɫ

ǾʱҶȻһϢƮڹ֮⣬ϸ۲£ͷȻһеѣ

ûֻʯ㲻ͨʯ㣬һΪܸߵļһÿƤҪһνѣɹˣΪٴδɹҷ𣡡ϵٴڰҶʱˡ

Ҷ֪ʱ֮˶Ҫɽ٣ҲֹһΣնӦȻɣɽ磬̫͵飬ǲѵģʯȻᾭ٣֪ʲôԵʣ

ƺװҶʲô˵ʯһҲɽ٣ֻǷ¶⣬ǰֻȴǲƽӹ⣬սŷɣѣҲΪˣΪ

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ҶʯϳĽѽţƺ鷳ԾԾԡ

ҶҲ˷ܣæߴзأҪúÿʯζɹѵġ

ʯƤǰĲһֱ˳Ҳܿ죬Դӽ֮ٺɫ屩¶ֱԽѡ

ʯҪѿ⣬ҲȻҪӦĻͱӦûеõĳɹվֻǻУԣʯûһ˿ֱ趯ܲ壬ɨ룬ǽײȥ

Ҷ٣Լڶ뽵٣ԼĽȻƴ󣬵ǰĽȣʵڲʲô

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ʯβײһЩľƤ׷ɢ䣬ҵʯ֮С

ҶЩƤƬڽвûж𻵣֪ǵļӲȻɼ׵ĺòϡ

ðҶȵǣʯǸȥ쳣ȻԿܽƣңƻбɢơ

ҶȻûӴƣܸͨоƵĿֲԼֿܹҲ϶ˣʯ㣬ûˣԽսԽ£βϵڹɨţƺҪһв˳۵Ķɾ

ҶԶԶؿţ֪ǰĽֻǽѵĳڣ滹иĶ֪ʲôΪûôɽѡ

Ȼ˺һᣬƽɢˣҲ֪ǱʯɢĻɢģγֵһƬ̳ӿȥͺ˻ġɳһããһƬÿŻ΢ڲţؽеİҶеļ¡

ӹųдһϢٴΰѰҶסоһЩǹųǵķʱʯֶˡ



ڶŽ ɽɳ

ʹѵľƤ󷨣

ڷħ򣬰ҶʶСָɳ߽йԴǽᾧѧϰģǰʯȴ͸Ȼʯݴʱеļʱ

ʱǵ󷨲ҲóУвĽУҶ˽ȻǴӱѧģʯǵģ緲ĶԶӣڶ֮ǰǲڵģ

Ҷʯǻۣʯǲûģɽ磬ĻûǸıֻ֣ܱ壬Ǿ˵ֻ޵ޣǰʯȴһ档

Ҷʯ㣬ס󷨣󷨺أ£ҶһʱȻףûãʯ󷨾Ȼ͹Ļγ˶֮ơ

棬ȼ΢ϵ趯ţҪ֮УԱ߾ʯͷ΢Сײķ飬ǣǾǲǰһΪǶЩƬ֯ĴγεЩȼյ΢ɢˡ

ҶѾӺ浽ȣЩˡƵǲ֮ǰڹųʥĹǻصǰʯȴ׾ٵؽ˵ֿûƲǰһ

ڤڤУҶʹˡﶼǰɶԿǿһԾؿšһֻл㱵ĸо

ʯ󷨵ÿһƬƵÿһ΢ǵ趯֯תڡ¶һ̡ʼʱҶ壬ʸеǿģЩͺһһǰչʾһޱȡ

ƺʶأҶԺиһֱһɾµأءµؾԺһһ֣ܿ졣ڰҶ߱һ㣬֮ǿȫҶ֮ǰвõ󷨽ƣΪ㲻ɾĽṹʯ󷨺ͻ趯ع켣ԡгǿķܷ𹥻һַ·ɳĹʽ

һҶǣӡ㶵ؿԼõķ૵⡭Ҳõ𣿡

еһᣬųǵķˣȴûκβʣеѹͶƵѹȣԼ²õػǰȻûˣ

ΪԵزҰɣҶ˵ڡ

ϵؾʱ򣬳ϵȻ𣺡СģԶһɳߣѾҪˣ

Ҷһ㶣ȻԶ춯һʮɵȻھʯķ϶д󣬳ΪԼעǰûз

ɳߣҶһ㶣Ȼ뵽ɳ߿ɲǷЩɳߣɳߣĳ˵ɳ߾εɳӣ

ڰҶ֮ǰڵ伮ʶɳߣȻɳ߿ֽ⡢õ϶޲ߵġ

£Ҷ룬һߣʯɳ߸뿪ڴԽʱҶʯ㶶һ£ƺڷԼȴӣ΢룬Ҷ֪ʯѾȫ˶ĻϣȻû뵽һֱվԼȻȻǿѹȡ

ʯĵģҶһѺõĲȻֱɳߣʯҲע⵽ɳߣ԰ҶĶҲһº͵Ĳ

ҶϳԼղõĻ⣬ųǵȫˣӦǳϹģҶҲ㿴ԼЩ굽׳˶٣

ɳֻʮɣΪϸռ޴ʯͷԵòǺܴ󣬰Ҷɳ߿ʱ򣬱һĹ⻪˫ַɳܵĿռûУ֯һŴ

ɳ߾ɳӣֱ֮ɢеĹմԸõķˮͱ

ɽɳһı죬СɳݡֻҪıһɳ棬Ϳ԰бıƳȥ֯

ԣҪɳ߽ˮԺͺԵķҲҪǿĿƣȻǶ㿪Ϊã

ҶûˮԺͺԵķаطֻҪ˵طԣͬڷҲǰ׼˶еƷɳߵķ

һǱصĽƷ֮󣬰Ҷ૵ضţһĿ՝֮ڸһɢܵһж赲ˣʯҲһ¡

Ҷ˫֣ĲϷУһžӨ͸ˮͣУѩһĹâ˿˿ĺɢ

ⲻǽҶ컹ڶţеˮʼɢЩѩĹâҲɢǵƮķһʱ䣬һƬռﶼǹ⡣

ɳڲԶͣһ˫Ѫ۾ƺΣգһֻɽٵʯȴϴʯǿ󣬼ʱɳҲһаսʤҲǴʱսʤİȴģֻҪսʤֻʯ㣬ɳ߾Ϳƾս׺üȼԣʮǿң

Χԥһᣬɳ߻ǳ԰ҶͷŵĴƬâ̽һ±ˣЩâȻΣյĸоȴûзΣա

ҶȻͣҲͬʱɳ߽ɳȻɳݣɳ뿪̫ԶԣҶõΧ±ɳ

ɳǰ˺ܳһξ룬Ѿ˰Ҷǰ漸ʮɴŴ죬¶żݣҪֱӰѰҶ˵

ʱҶֻͣ΢΢һʮָ϶ʱʮߣԶԶ쵽ǰǹ֮УȻָĲһЩ߶ˣʱǹԳĹߣһӱɳΧסˣֹǰ

ɳ߱αһɢɳ㣬ȻɢҪ룬Ȼ֪ҶֶΣֻЩߺճƵģЩɢɳȫסɢ

ҶվһʮָͣزţָǰĹ߰ɳӷֿ룡

⿴ȥɣû־춯صƣʵϣҶȴʹ·ҪסɳߵÿһɳƵģɳ߸ûз֮ʱ

ɳҲ֪֮ǰеΣʲôˣûиеˮԻߺԵķʵϣЩǹȫˮԺͺԵģһķ濴һճԣıɳȫѲʱͺӣʲôҲˡ

ɳ߸е־ˣɳɢΣҲҪһľ룬ȫɢҾôԶôЩԶɳɾͳΪͨͨɳˣ



ڶ ɽ״

ߵΪҲͣ˽Ѿﵽƽˣʥ򲻹Ҳܡ

ˣȻȻ࣬ȴҲһǻۣԼûа취ѣҶͶĿ

ҶҲɳߵĵֿҲϵسԼĲȻû뵽Ҳûɱе

ڿƷ㣬ʱƷ㣬ԣ㲻ҪˣУ

ɳ߻ûа취ֻòԼĳ

ʱϾȻڰҶԳΣҶֵؿϳ֮ǰֻԳôԼˣ

ϿǰһƬǹ⣬˵ɣǲߣ红ͯһ㣬ûֶթ

ҶͷǣƣȷֳһƬɳɳڿʼᣬģһĴ³ãһƬǹ

ɳߵ۾ȻѪɫȴȫسŰҶһ

ϵ˵ЩޣȱΪǲʶЩڼǿߵǣ

ǣϣ

ƺ뵽ʲô˵ܾǰҵǸոγ֮ʱҪĨɱңһǣȻǿˣҲȴ׿ˣǵжģǣʱȴ˵شڲĴԼĴˣұȫǡһֱڡ

ϿǰӰɢ¹ڳš

Ҷ㶵ųϵĻЩ峤ϵΪ˵ЩҪԼƴЩǵ𣿻ԼҪıģƴˣֻǱĶ

ɳ߻ǱһҶȥеĽ󷨣˵ˡˣ뿪ˣ

ɳ߻ǲҶ׷ԸҶ֪ǲߵɳΪʲôҪԼ뵽ʱԼôһҲͷ˵ðɣȸҰɣʲôʱ߾͸˵һɣǱߵĳǳûȥҸĵطϢɣ

˵գҶһƣɳغţȻ󳯰Ҷ˵˶ͷ­ƹʯڵع룬ųǷȥ

ųеע⵽ˣĶǿԲ֪ʲôؽƺԶɳȴһְҶɳ֪ҶշһбĺܣôɳǺټɳĮҲĴһ

ɳߺɵشųǵķ˹ųڲΪոܵҶѱԭȱԿ񱩵û˿񱩵ؾٶԹԵ˸û˵ĵطܣЩ߹ǣҲû˿ٶ

ͬҶѱ޵ģɳߵҲ˵ֻû˼򵥾ѱһֻôɳߵģ

Ҷɳ߰תȻѶԿʯ㣬̶̵ʱʯ㷢ǿЩƱƵĿ첻ˣⲻòðҶǿ

ȻãЩƲųɢܾȻذ

ȻʯҾʯֻײҲʱʱУȻǰռҶΪʯĳѾʯĻңԴ˴ȱ𴦵ײƵʱȴһַ·ĸо

ⲻǽĿʼʯĽѴʱֳһԵ֮ǰĽƺͻƣͳĹʱļžȴֻʯ㣬ҶվһԣҲֻǸоѹ֣ûиоΣգ֪Լʯ㣬ĿǰԼŲʱ䣡

ʯ㣬ʱȫڷ⣬ϵľƤѾȫ˱壬ûȫڿȥͺʯɫϣһƬƬ߲İߵ㡣

ʯĪļžϾͿԿεĿǰζҪҡ

Ҷڴʱһ֪Ҳ޴Ӳֻ֣Լıڹٴβ󷨣æػ

ʱһһعȥ͹źһ沨ųϸ߳Ϊʼղ벻һ𳯸Ʈȥ



ҫ磬˵ǲߴطˣ޾ʯͷԼĹͷ

ҫһеĽܿľʯ˲˷ĩɢһգԶ˵ﱾû·ߴط

Ҳͷ˵Ҳ˵УҲǣҲд

һ˵Ц˵СҲ֪ˣҪԵȻǽһˣⱾЩɴأܲȫƾԵ֣ʱˣȻҲҵȹ

ҫͷ˵ȻˣҲĴѰˣʯӿҲöֱӴһʯϣ沨ˣɾֱ֮ӻȥͿˣ

ٴδЦ˵ãǺ⣬ÿԺú͸ľɫ˵Σգ£Ҳ˵ѰЩ

԰գ˱ֱ˲Ƶһʯ֮ϣ£˵ʲôǱΪҲԣûʲôϰߵġ



˵֮£ʱɽķѾҡ

ЩصĴƻޡŵرѹθɾ͵ϮˣΣ׷Ӷݡ

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ҵĵطǴǾѹ˵Ѿıͽռˣ治֪ЩͽλôΪģȻѷص˴Ľڽڰˣ

˵ȴƽģΪڱ򣬱зϾͨħ磬׼ҺͱҲһֱפַ󷨺͹󷨶гֵ׼ִ֣ҲܴӦԣٵ͡

ȷҵĶԴӡĹǾһս֮󣬱ƽЩڣ

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ĹǾսսžϢʧˣû֪ȥ



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ΪʱͷֳʤĻǾΪɣǲںģ

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ĹǾתȥ˵ĿҲﵽˣȻ֪ҪʲôñԺˣҼһɱһ

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ҳȥ

һֱע棬֪˵˴ǸֻǸı䣬ΪҶ⣬ѱʶ˳ԻȥȴЩΣˣ

Ҳȥˣ˸һ壡

У㲻ǻҪҰҶ𣿡

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ģֻǴУ㣬Ȼֵģ˼ͨ˻С

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ΥҵԸƹǿ˵ڻ

һңѵҪҲƣ

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˵˵ţȻһڻԺ֣ΥҵԸ֮ɣ

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תۣͷ֣ԼȻܻˣƺһסˣУԻȴܾˡ

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֮УҶĹ󡢷¹룬׼ҵļұʿºķţԼûõľӣͬˡ

ȫҶԨԴҪ¹ͼһȥ뺣̽ģ֪˷Ϊѣȥ߰Ҷ˴󣬲ãֻʿʦͽһ߹ţǾ͸еõĴЧˡ

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ӱģκεʱңĴͨУֱӵߣڱݺ󣬶֪ҶԨԴദ

ӳɽ磬ȻпˣȻû뿪οڵʵҲûа취뿪ˣҲˡ

ƺϤʮ꣬ʱٴαȴûϴξţֻҪʱ䣬վٴġ

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մ붨󷨵ĲѾĵˣֻҪЩʱ䣬ŵ㿴ӹƷ

ǱƵĵطСзԲʮ뺣еһСиСɽһСϪľһЩʿڻָΪͬʱ㰴ڰ׼ѧı죬һЩƷԼָ⣬Ҳ˱ڸ

ͺϲƷһɢޣȻЩȴûôܹĶҲûЩƷʱڻƷʣԴ˱ϲˡ



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˵꣬ű㹧뿪ˣصͷһ￴ȥôοʵĵػǲģΪ˸û˵Ǹ֮ġ

ð׼طƵƷٴ붨ҪЩ⿪ָ֮Լܸоɽˣ׷ʲô飬֪ĵȴ̲סвõ뷨Ǵ˵еɽٵ˰ɡ



Ҷһֱʯ㣬ʯɽٵʱ䲻һʱܽģһƣں̵ܶʱڴɢڶƣҲǿ𣬵ļžȴ˺üҲûн

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һ졣ҶһȻ۾ֳõʯڶˣȫʣһЩƤ׷䣬ЩķۼҲ˱仯۱ϳɣвɫڱת

ЩľƤûɢ㼯һҶƮ

ˣҶ˵

ּžȫʧˡ˲֪ʲôʱʧģΪûָֹоƵġ

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ʯƤ֮״ûʲô仯ֻɫ˵ĲɫЩظУԵ쳣ۡ

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֪Ҷ磬ȻҲ֪еϢϢҶһֱ޵ɢϢҶԼҲûע

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Ҷ㶣ȻЦŷɵϣʯ㷢һ󻶿ĲŰҶܷʯζ

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ҶʯϣʯǰǸлжܵ

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Ҷʯ㴩ǽƣ·һ󻶺ӭع顣

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ҶѾĲͬǧɳԼĴУ֪ͨǸ˲ı

иֽԲ汲ģͨԵõƷɾ



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˵աҶһͷéݣʼ鿴ص

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ˣ׼׼ɣҶ˲ȥʯ

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ַһᣬǰһ㣬޾ڰеһһңŰҶǵԽԽҲԽԽ״ҲԽԽ

ź̽ľģҶǰһξ룬ҲڿеӣҶȷʵ׾ˣ

·綼˱ƽĴϷ·ʲôҲĺڰϣһȥĿУϵתţʯͷ׷תȥеģǺڰڲϵطŹ⣬â·һģֱ쵽µĺڰУ·綼ᴩһ

ϢĺƴðҶãǰԼʲôǣԼѾؼĺȻʲôֵ˵ģ

˺һᣬҶ˹ʵԣúõȻ֮ΪųǾҪˣùų⣬Ҫƽضɹ⸡ǵ



ڶĽ 淣

ŶԹųǵĵģҶŴ𺳵ĸѹƽɹķ

µʯҲǶ˶ָͬǣɼǻҲܸߡ

ɹеķͬС죬ֻҪѰܹĵطˣʯĲҶС

ҶͷǰǾ޴ޱȵпȥ޾Ĺ⻪ԿУȻܵĺڰ治֪Ǻˡ

˵֪ǲˣǾȻܿҵܹλãǽзΧһλãʯ֮Ȼһ϶бб쵽бԵҲԼɵģ㹻ųͨ

ر·ȻˣҶŸпôӴУԶԶؿηʵȴͰ·ں˷Ϳû˸ͨˡ

ҶʯλھʯϷ֮Уʵܵ󣬺һһ㶼вСΪסҲֻǵΪֹǰǿɾͿסˡ

ڰҶʯ޴еͬʱһطͬУûаҶôˣ֪еλòǰ̽أֱӵеλãŷģ

ǲǱˣء;ҫ

Ǳ沨ľʯϢˣȻһɼǿ˲Ͱס˶һ𡣶ÿ˵ΪſסΣµľʯ͸ľʯûôˣ˲䡣еʯͷ˷ĩȻ󷢳âµط䡣

˼ûмʶҲоٴ϶ʬ޴ģԵ˱ֳһƶԶǿֲġ

ǻû뿪Զͷ֣ԭȳǰؾʯʼǸĻۡ·һ޴һ㡣Ҫһжȥ

ȷʵùֱһУһȴˣңΪǵһν븡磬ԸҵϢûжʶҲܾвǰ΢ϢȻҲʱܡ

ǿƺŹǣ˺ǣϰ޾ʯͷ˸

ʵҲͲסƣǵϵŴȥǼûбȥҲΪʧȥµر籩ҵϢ塣

ڣ˶סһ߼ѣһŬ취

ԽԽܱɵؾʯѹ˱һ㣬ԽԽڰеԽԽ޾Ĺâķͷţγһѷ·ᴩĵıԵģһϵƶţǷˡ

Զһ㣬˵뿪ʵ̫ˣǿֲ͸籾էĸֱǱ

ȥһͺˣ

˵ҪֵʲôʱҪҪֱýŴͣ

еУʹýźΣգôǿһӾͻᱻϣǻʧ޿ռģ

ţһĪľҫʵʲô취ûϴ󣿡

ҫͷΪĻͷǾ޴Ŀ˿г˳ϵ£Ȼн𣿡

һ㶣Ȼ¶ϲɫţ

Ҳͷ˵ţ

ãһһңץң

˵գҫңץҫ˲ȫеİȥɣ

˲ͱĵסȻԼٶȰĵ޾âС

Уžҫģ֪ҫô϶ĵֻڲʣһߣصɫҲѿͬžҫ֪Уץĸˡ

ͬʱǳǸˣ㡣

ѽȻûϢˣ

ԲǱˣɻʡ

ɻ˵ûϢȷģ

û˿ģЦ˵ɻȥ磬ôлزĿܣ

иģҪ˳淣Ȼ֪˭ϣ׳ն˵ܹˣ

ɫһʵɻĳڳ淣𣿡

ɻҡҡͷ˵㵽ȥ϶ѣǴѣǲǳ淣ҾͲˣ⣬˵ҲûԺķչУòˣ

̾Ϣһ˵һһϲģϧˣ

ɻʵ˵òſϧЩܹϧѾܶˣ

¶Цݣ֪εЦǿЦ˵ǰϧôô

ɻʵؿԶ˵ϣԺ󲻻ˣҪ¶ɽ磬ʱǾͲˣ

ʱһɲԶ˵

һӰ˽ݵڵأ˵ɻʺʹˣдѶ

һӰз˳ȻӰʧˣ˽ӹ˿ݸɻʣɻʲ˭ȿɨһۣҲˡ

Щ˹Ȼٽˣ˵

Ҳֻ룬ǲõʲôģ

ǰˣǲϣЩģ

ǳȻģЩȻǿǰʲôǣϣ棬ȺܵϣϣһԱ˯һ



Ҷʯ̽Ǹк󣬱أʯڣǺ׾ҵ˻ȥ·˳ҵųǣУȻû˿ӦҶҲ볤ϵУҲǳ϶ԼĿ顣

ǰʮ־޴󣬾˴һҵʱ䣬ҾӦܹӦеϣܽ񣬻ģǧʧˣ

УһЩСɵķ䣬óɶʱѣԼ

ҶһصУټеǣǰƱȫ׼

ĦȭƣҶķԸжųҲһʱ

˵Ц˿ΣյӣǰǴУأȻһҲҪܰסȻͬٲҷ³

һʱ䣬ųеǹȻеϢ쳣ŹųǷҲܸоǰƺǱһֻΣޣҲʱ˺ƵģΪҶ֮ǰѣԣҲܳס;ѣ



ڶ 

ʯԽԽٶǰţųеҲѹ֣һЩõķ俪ʼãʱȼǵˡ

ǰߣеľʯʼһƽĿռۼܹùųжĿռԽԽ٣ҶѹųƶƽռıԵȻѹȱƽռǿ࣬ȴò

һʱ䣬ڿǰ޺ڰе⣬Ȼ˴Լʱ䣬˲ſ⵽ʲô

֮ǰҶõ˲ƣȥܿ죬ųǲ˲ƣֻ沨ȦؽӽУԣࡣ

еΪʲôûнӽеʱƹȥҶ˵Ȼˮев࣬ȴȻкܴĲȣѰѣʯǸУԣѾеǣˣһֺƽʱоһ죬Уԣ֮Уֱӳȥ

ǣҶ׷ŬҪЭɹȥ

žԽԽϵѹҲԽԽ󣬲Ҷͨˣʼû˵£˷˸ǿƣҪ֮úýƵء

ҶĶˣ۾ȫɢСġؿŹųǣѾȡ˹ųǣȻûаķΪϵĴڣȫɣ·Լֱһ㡣

ѹ̫ǿһ˻ãô޴ĳǳطƴѹ֮䣬Ҫķѵ񣬾ʮ־޴ˡ

ûָûгϵѣҶȫԼԼųǺһȺ˵Ȼ䣬֪УҶ㱻ص˰׼Էν֪޾ȴǰδеؼеʱÿһνָоΪ常ƴмѡ

֪ж೤ʱˣҶûٽ״̬һʹ÷ؿʵǰδеǿͬҲտʼ·ԽԽԶȻ·ʼǳǰģ˭ĸоȴҲûгˡ

常ȥѰԼˡ

ҶȻЩһʱ䣬ʶֳݣһȫƹųǣһȴڻ常һĵεΡ

һĶãȻЩʱ򣬵ΪҶǷʶ֪޾Ͻãÿһ˿ƶȱ·ǧεʵһ

ֻǣأҶʶļ״̬Ͼﲻͨط̫󣬲ҲΪòٴν״̬һǰδеĵױһʱ䣬˷·ȼգУԴԴϵͷųųǵ˷ӿȥ

ȫ䱸󷨵УҶһƹųǣҲо˰ҶȻɢΪҶһЩ飬Ҳûô⣬̾һ

ǲ֪ҶΪȻʶǰǿ󣬾ȻֱĵЩâȻâ

еסҶȴȻûѣҲּµĸоͷ·ϵʯͷһ㣬ܵȥ

ͬʱҶڵĽˣһͷֻľ޴ޣ˶ͷ­׼˺ͨȻ󷢳һĽͨ

ֱӴ˰ҶУڰҶʶУ

źϺȻڰҶԳֻ˫ֲ趯صʩչ˲͸źǵеطЩˣʥû˿оͱûˣȻ綼ֹˡ

Ҷ巢ŵĹ⻪Ȼһ紵˾ȻõӰһ㣬ɢˣɵĵǹ⣬ƮƮسеķȥ

źϾվŰҶʧĵطã૵֪ܴﵽ

֮󣬹źҲɢˣУͬ磬һʱ䶼ֹˣ·ʱֹͣһ㡣

Ҷʶɢһ˲źһ֮ˣȴ֣ԼȻٹųˣ

ܣããһƬЩ죬ϸ룬ȻġУʶľ

֣ô£þҶĴ鿴ţû˿Ӱӡ

Уղƺôȴ

ҶղȻ֪޾У֪Լּ״̬״̬ʮģûһϢǲָܻ£Լûһ˿ƣʮ㡣

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ڴͬʱҲͬҲ޾Ŀ՝磬۴ȫǻһƬ֪ںη

ҫϴ֪ʲôط𣿡ʵ

ҫҡҡͷ˵ǽģֻһ˲ĸ֪··ͨδȴˣ

죬Լϵ£˵¾ȻȫʧˣǾʯҲȫ˷ĩҲ̫ˣﵽʲôط󷨲󷨣󣬸㲻㲻

;ҫ˵Ȼȴһԣƺ뵽ʲô

صʵأ뵽ʲô

ؿ˿ˣֿ˿՝磬˺һᣬ˵췣

췣ʲô췣ΪʲôʵҫҲûס

ػ˵֮ǰһ˵ɻʺһЩˣ۸֣۸Ǵ淣

˵գգۣƺûףҫȴ˼صͷ

ҫϴ󣬵ôˣСӽҽ

ҫҲ˵ɻʴɽҪͷǴܷ

ҫ죬ΪѾˣȻϸڣʼͽѾˡ

˰ΣʵǴɻ췣Ϊʲôûѵžܷǲ̫ˣ

ҡҡͷ˵ֻǲ²⣬ڵΣҾͲ֪ˣ

ҫ˵ҾӦˣɻʵ£طʱܣΪӣȻȻؽܲ췣ɻʱȫˣΪʲôôĳͷҲͷûȫʼ

˵ܵĿ՝Ȼɫ˲䣬ϻ󷨱֮չˡ



ڶ ֮ս

ɴƮɢȻʣȴ·𾪰㣬綼ˡ

˺ϻ֮Уҫ۲죬ǿʶڻҵѰңʲô﷢ıʣܿ죬ͷ֣Զƺһˣﲻϵضţܵı仯ģ

ҫѹ۲쵽ľ˵ضȴȻܿ

ҫϴҪҪȥʵ

ҫ룬ͷֱӴˣ󷨣ܾҵĲǰܿ죬˾ͣΪǶܿˣ֪˭ˡ

ȻЦ˵黹Ĳ˵Ǵɻܷǰɻʵָʾִֻǣȫǣ

ҲЦʵǸʲô

ҫûЦüȴ࣬ƺͨʲô˵ȫɻʻѵģ˵ɻǣɱˣҲ޻˵ڣǵԭʲôûбɻʵĻ֮ǰҪִ񣡡

Ͷ˶˵Ȼҫϴô˵ǾôɻʵծǶˣ

Ҳ¶ɵɫ˵⣬ͬɻõģ˵ȴٺòˣ

ٺһЦǻʲôϰɣ

˵գ˺ϻϯĿǰǸӰ

ӰǱˣǰҶڤڤУ춨Ҷ˱û˿ϵļ󣬵һ̡ȴˡ

Ҷʹƽ⡰󡱵ķͬɵ췭ظɲ֪Ϊʲôܲ˵㶫ûֿٵصĸоҲ޷

ú˼˼ʱһǿϢԶܵɢȻܡͬʱǱ߹۲졣ʱ쳣ȡ

ôǣұǰҴأ뷨һӳ˰ҶԺС

һιҶ˶

˵ĺϻҲ⿪ˣŰҶЦ׼ҵС磬겻ΪǰȻôɾͶ˹ȥ

ҶʵǰŪô

һЦҡҡͷ˵ˣˣǰŪģǿûֱ£

Ҷһ㶣ʣǣô

ţǵ˸ش͵ˡˣ׼С磬ϻȱ˵ҿ㵽׳٣

˵գҪȥȴֱ׳˵ϴҵһ컹Ӧң

ʲôأһ㶣ȴѾųìȥ

ȥɣȥɡεͷ

ҶعʶĽɫìѾ֮Լؿڴ

ﲻǷ䣬ǿȫԼʵù˼ʲôܣԣصһ֮ǰǸҶĻ϶һܣȻʱİҶҲǵذҶ⣬ڸղʹƽ⡰󡱵ķʱҲ֣Щ֮ͬһԼƣЧҪõĶ࣬ԣһ˲㼯ܵػ֮óɾṹط

䡱һҶȻû˿ˣͰһõǷȴȫ

ǰһԱ߷;ҫҲǾһ£û뵽Ҷ⼸ʱȻ˽껹ֻһĸ֣ȴȻֱǶԿˣ

ϵȻɫĳìհ㣬ҫ۵Ĺâת۾ʹӽɫ˰ɫƵȶȣƱˡ

Ҷòó콣ûѻ֮ע뽣֣⽣Ҳ˹âɫĽâдźɫĹΣ𣬾Ȼá

ؿŰҶеĽ࣬ûóȻˣóǹһһرҶҶ콣ǰɫȳìս

˫һطǿҶҲųʵĿ

һԹսķͷ˵׼ҵķ̥ȷʵΪԭ߳࣬Ȼʹã

˰ҶʹܵϢΣȴʹòˣҲ֪Ҷġ

һᣬ˵Ȼûʹý֮Ҳˣ治֪׼ҵô£ôز

һԵľҫ˼˵֪׼ҵĶʾ֮ȴΪʲôûǾɻ𣿡

ľش֮ɣ˳˵

ҫͷ˵Źɽ壬ЩʶǾѵģƽʱȻΪˣȴҲûеߵľ磬ֻ´֮ʱǲź쳣ǿٴ̫ƽʱֺٴαһû

׼ҿļ壬Ѿˣ̥ⷲȴԽԽˣ˵˶ã׼ҾҪһɻˣϹʱڣǲһİ׼һ

һţǱȴս˼㡣

ҶȻΪĸȣʵʻǲһ㣬ҪܵϢͰˣϾڿûзɳæ

ڲϽУҶȻȴû˿ţû˭ʤ˭ܣͻȻսһֻ֪սıܣңģȻҵ֮ǰһֱҲָоֿٵصĸоĸо

ҶûϢԶԶرƿȻȻ˺콣óֻЩľԹ˵

رƿ󣬷ְҶĶҲû룬ìֻǣҶƺ˶ܣɳì

ڳìҶ˲䣬ƺЩԥһ£ţ͸еһǿԼײɵԶ

ղŵһ٣ҶҲоˣ֪ΪʲôԥѵɱԼ𣿲ԥҲǴ̲ģΪڰҶ趯˲䣬ٴʩչƽ⡰󡱵ķͬʱѸոյõֿٵصĸоУһӣͰܽʵʵġ

ԶԶɳͬʱҫͷ˲ԼͬóԼǰѹĺڽҫǰѳ˶쵽һΣյϢԣͬʱˡ

ĽϷֱӳԶİҶкȥ

ǱסӣҲٴתìʱһޱȵȹâӳìļһֱҶ



ڶ߽ ⷵ

ҶòץסָоȻϷ֪İҪս϶ԣò뿪

˺ȻüǿԼȻҲЩţȴ˲ô࣬תܵĻϢȫһǵֵЩ

ϣҲ˵ϣҶЩϢȻİǿĹ

ֻȵĹìĺڽҫĽ⣬ڰҶܻҵĻ֮ͣƺ˻֮һ֣Ҷ趯

ҫȷӦֱӷɳһϢסغͷȻȫٳһƶ

ߣҪըˣ˷ɳ˺Զ

Ҷ֪Ϊʲô뿪ΪҲоˣǿ֮һ𣬳Լ趯һݣԭͲȶϢøӿˣƺʱᱬըһ㡣

ҶסȻһȫʩչƽķһƬ՝ըһش󶴣Ҷ漴У֪ȥ

ԶԶģҫͣŰҶʧصط̾һ˵С뿪ˣ

˵ղȻסˣ˺ϻɻҲöһɣȻסˣ

ҡҡͷ˵ƺûСӺ֪뿪ǵպñãΣü뿪

ҫͷ˵ˣǸڶʧˣҲײˡ

šһᣬ˵һԼܼסղʲôҪҲԣܲܳȥ

ûбķҲֻһԡ

ȷʵ㲻״Ϊʲôɻʵ췣Ϊʲô벻ףҲܺͿʲô롣ֻǰ£

Ҷڶ֮Сֻ衣תۣȻѾһƬݵϡľʢﻨ㣬ֻεеŷҷϢͣš

ҶϰԵس򣬲鿴ܵӶĪرȴͣӸ絽Ǹ՝֮磬ֵ

֪ΪΣȻһӳ֮ң

ڸذɡ

Ҷ૵˵ţʼһ㿴ܣܿ죬ͷ֣Ȼɽ磡Ϊ뺣

ҾȻֻˣ

ǧ࣬ӵ磬һת۾Ȼֻصɽ磬Ǳ뺣βȣң˴븡зǳңԶôת۾͵ǿ՝֮絽ǺδΪʲôԽԽͿˣ

Ϊ׼Һͱҵأɽ̫ƽĵطڣغҲĻ̻̣ʱ춯һЩݹ˵ʮֲ˴ôݵĵط㻹УҲûжȥˡ

ҶȻ֪ΪʲôǾȥһס

ϴθյɽʱֻ׷һϢڲ֪׻ڲڣ

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ҶԼܸоϢ֪ɽңҲ֪ϢΪ

ܿ죬ȻͿص뺣سǡ

ǰɨȥܿ죬ͷװׄ죬ҸȵǣسУȻȫ

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Ҷ˸ףơõܰǸ׼ǰүүԼİ׼ҳԱ˵Ｘǰ׼ҵȫˣ

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Ҷûȥ̽ţ뿴Ҷʲô

꣬Էʱֱ֮꣬뿪Էûм׼ҵˣʶƣҲ֮ǰſ˵ġ

ʱسУ׼ҵĶհķԸ뺣ϵ״Դӷ뺣ԽԽħ֣ʱħͷЩħͷֻûô֣Ȼ׼ҿеæˡ

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Ҷ˶ɨһ飬ּĸִھû붨ƺЩҽӣ뺣ʱðһ

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˰ҶСʱģɽľһº͵ˣ뷲ȫͬ

ûнسǣڿк֣

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ȻǾķԸǾسǴ󣡡˵ţóһŹ⣬ҶоȻܵƹźųǵϢһϹŵķ

ˣһ

ǺǣˣⶫҪҲ͹Ǳ߱ҲרȥҪСģ￴ƽò˶ãܾͱֵĵطˣ

ߣ־֣һǸֵģʱƢƺܲá

ЦǺǵ˵ôģǾ߶ͣҸˣ

˵գͻһ⣬ת˲ţŹ⣬ȻسǣʱһسǻУȻЩɢɾ·ʲôûһ

ˣҾͲĽȥˣ

ǳǿȥûʲôػʱǰҶҲ뾲ĵؽ룬˲ڱǰϢģڰ׼ҵĸǰֱҶͬһֹģϢϤˡ

Ҷ뾪׼ңϾʵ̫ˣЩӵˣ͸еͷۡ

ȻԶ˼ת۱㵽سϿգһȺˣȫװƺҪƵġ

ǰ뺣һ˳ûǵİ

俴˿ǣҡҡͷ˵ˣҪȥ

ȥЩ˶˾ĵģʱȻ䡣

ȥɣƺΣڰ֣ǹȥˣЩһͷ뺣Уʧ

ףȥ뺣ʲôҶԻˡ

ƺܶ鶼һˡҶһᣬǰĽŲת뺣ڻȲҪؼң״˵ǼӦ֪ܶɡ



ڶ˽ 뺣

뺣ĺˮǺɫģ֮Խ뺣Ϊ뾭ûĵطʱѹħ磬ԣ뺣֮

뺣ޱߣҶҲû˵쵽⣬뺣Ҳޱȣ֪ͬжˮǱе͸գȥķ䣡

ҶȥһȺ˵ϢҲһͷ뺣صĺܺãڣүүҲûзɵؽ뺣ĽУûʲô춯

ˮ쳣ǷˣǶɹŴνѵĸ֣ҲᱻںˮУʱ򶼿ԿûѩǱ쳣ı֡

ԶԶģҶͿһȺˣңһȺ֮⣬Զƺˡ

뺣ôôˣ

ҶȻ뵽ѵЩȥ̽ģ˵֪

ҶȻ֪ϢѾй¶˳ȥɽңһϹĳ֣һӾ˹ǶеõЩöʵҲ֪Σ֣ԸϹջǻǷ׷׹ˡ

ֹЩ˽룬ջûôԼܲµϢӦǾԸɢȥģߣǾɽĽѣ㲻ӣҲһļá

֪Щˣܻų˿϶࣬Ҳûа취ֻǽ롣

ҶԶ۲һȺˣǺµһƯĴɽԲ¼ãã޼ʵĴСȴ׺һһ΢СЩˣСˡ

Ҷ漴ûһȥһˡΪңǸɽһˡ

Ҳ䵽Ǻɽϣһξ롣

ʱȻһ˿˹ǰʣλҪأ

Ҳģϵ·鲼Щײ࣬ΪԼ߳ڡ

ǣʲô𣿡Ҷʵ

ҶѾ˵ʻ֪Щ˹ȻҪġ֪Ϣɢȥģ֪п϶йĵط

ҿһˣǴиӦ㿴ЩˣĸһȺһȺģ

ȻҶע⵽Щ˹ȻֳһȺһȺأ໥֮䣬˼໥Щ֮⣬˵

ҶһᡣȻʵλ֪ģ

һ㶣æʣε֪ģ

Һܾǰһ˵ģԾ͹û뵽Ȼôˡѿ˵֪أҶ˵Żѻ

ƺЩʧ˵ǺǣһΪǰأǸճأ鶼֪ɣ

ҶͷڴҲĵ˵ʵϢɢûãʼҲţ֮ǰ̽ˣеõϹʱڵķһʱ䣬ӿ̾ʼ

Ҳ֪ɽ粻ͬգһһң֪ʲôʱǧΪͻ˷ɻңԣҶʲôһ֣Ȼˣ

ҶţͬʱҲ룺˹ɢϢɽңҽ븡֮ɽַˡ

ˣʷ磬ụ̂

Ҷ˵գ

ʷ糯Ҷ֣˵

أӦûҾ͸㽲ɽҲиȻʱߣΣյģ

Ҷû뵽ʷȻģæлȷʵʲô֪

ʷʱšŶˣ֪ܶ飬±һһҶӰ׼ҵط̥ɽɽȻɽ綼ѰǷĺģž£ʲôʥɱϹŷ븡ȵȡ

Ҷһţһ߰̾ƺҾͳɽҵˡ

ʷ֪ҲǱ󣬰ҶͨԼ˽飬ԼҲܲµණ˵ľǣʼжˣ֪ı˶õıڿʼжˣֻǲ֪ıܽеʲôʱ

Ҫƻжֹˣ֪ǻʲôжɽһ㣬ˣìܣףƺһȫˣ治֪ĶʲôʱƽϢҶĬĬš

֣֪Ҳôˣʷ˵

Ҷæл˵лʷ棬ʷ˵ҿ϶һͷˮʲô㲻ˣ

ҪôҲֺֻһȥ̽һ̽

ʷȻͣ¿Ҷʵ֣Ҫȥ󣿡

Ҷͷ˵ȥ

ԭȥӹźﶼĴ˵ڸĪر͵ȥģƺЩ񻰡

ǺǣǾͺˣ

ԭʷǵİҶֻҪȥȷˣҲˡ

ҶʱҲϸ˿ʷ磬ʵʷ֣ô࣬ôҵأ

ˣеʥеĸ֣԰ҶȻ뵽ʷΪʲôЩֻ֣Լ˵߲˵Ҳ͵أ

ǺǣǶǳȺģпղȥңһĺܣҲϲ

ȻŰҶЦ˵һ־ֺ֪ദˣֱӾˣңҲֻǽʶʶܵõãòҲûʲô

Ǻǣ

ʷĽͣҶֻЦЦ

ƮںеɽĶ棬޾ĺڰͨħͨ

ںϣɽĽƣ̶ȵصֵħɢںˮУħȴڳЩǰ̽ǲòЩ̽˶ӣЩħ˺˭ֻҪħħͷǾǰȫġ

׼Һͱһ뺣أЩħͷҲԽ磬Щǵעϡ

Ҷ뺣Уغã׾ܿħڣһĴ󶴣ڽŷŴһ㣬֪ͨδðҶһֽһ̽ĳ嶯

ȻˮһĶȻûע⣬һЩֶע⵽ˣȵõϢǿ϶Ϊⶶֻ뺣Ǳо˶İҶʱҲôΪһЩַ׷״ʱȻ֣ǶȻ󼴽źš

ƺҲЩʥĸֵĶʷ˵ѾˣЩָӦҲʡ࣡

ʷֹ۵̬ȣҶЦЦ֮⣬ˣû뵽ôȤ



ڶŽ 벻

һֱ֪ж˸Ӧ֪жǽ󾭹Ҳ֪˽ֲ֪˳ȥǣΪģûжˡ

ֻϢɢˣľ巽ܣԣЩȸӦ󲨶ĸǣ׷״˿

ֹһڣ˵ֻҪĽôԡ

Ҷϸ۲Щˣܿ죬ĲԽԽǿңԶĺˮʼֺɫǱЩǱŴɫ磬лյƣ֪ˣ϶ΪĲǱɢġ

Ȼ䣬ԶĺɽϣŹâţվ˾Ͳˣ˵϶ѾˣţмŹâҲ

ʷҶ˵֣Ҳȥɣ

˵ţʷҲˣ˿ӣؼԺ󲨶ںϣֱӽ

ܿ죬ʷ˹âתۣҶͱâסһʧԭأǼʧһɲǣһֻһץסʷ硣ȻֵҲһ𱻴˽ȥ

ܿյģðҶΪԼֻص˿՝磬ܻˣ՝Ҳһʯͷ֪ƺԼ֮ǰĿ՝硣

ҶԱ߿˿һԵЩŮʷ·һģ۾ˮ·ʱ޳

ʷ翴˿Ҷֿ˿СŮɻʵ˭

λǰһɣҲȥСŮ˵Ŀǳ˿

һɼˮƽûеСѾͷôᵽôΣյĵطأ

ҶҲ֣СѾͷΪ̫֮⡣еһϤϢƺСѾͷ

һᣬҶȻɽ硣æôʱСѾͷǸ뽻ɾҪֱͨиְбС

Ҷϸ˿ϵЩĶණһķȻϢǰҶ̫Уֲܶˡ

СʷҲʶҶչЦʵСûаи㣿

ҶѾ鿴ˣܲûеСѾͷԼء

СȻû뵽˻ϳԼǣæһ̬ʵ˭ʶң

ҶʷЩЦõؿСղŻһĹԹģôת۾ͳСèˣ

ҶЦ˵Ҫģֻ֮ǰ㣬ûʲôޣ

Сɻؿ˿ҶҶҲע⵽۾һײعâȻһݣ⣡

ȻСһ£Ȼ͵ָŰҶеԭ㣡ҶӦСֽеռҵرˣ



ҶסˣһԵʷҲסˣҶգգ۾ʵʲôʱռˣ

Ҷ˵ţ룺϶֪ҵݣҪ֮ǰס

Сﱧ˰ӣ˵㾭ʱǲû·ѣ˴㵹ãֱӾ˹ȥ˵ǲռұ

СôͣһԵʷ絹һЦ˵ԭʶǺǡ

ҶȻȷ׻Σʵ˵ɣ㵽

Сɻؿ˿Ҷʵûؼ𣿡

϶֪ˣҶѾȷ֪Լˣһ߷ţһ˵ûУ

Ǿѹˣ㲻õģҲй¶ݵģΪҲûкô

ҶЩ龫ֵСʵ׼ô£ٴʵΪʲô

ȻˣЩһ￴ΪͣҪңҲҪңԾǽʱסһǲ֪ɣһģʼնҪһ𣬲ֿܷģ

ģô֪ʷ羪ȵʵ֪Һ͹ҲһȺΪǿ˽ˣ

˵ţһϧҶСѾͷ˸Ľ֪СѾͷںҪҲӦȥЩΪǿˣԼʷȥֻˣ

ΪҲҽ뺣±Уղûлؼңʲô˼

бﶼȥûлؼңԼؼȥ֪ˣСѾͷϾȻЩΣİҶĪ

ˣȻˣǾһɣҲûһν͵õʲôöʷ˵ҲСͰҶ֮϶ʲôܣǵҲżȻߣͽԵְɣ

Ҷͷ˵ȻˣǾһȥɣ

ãСһҶߣȻסĸ첲ȥ

Ҷһ㶣æֳСطҶһǸɣҵѾˣԺҵķˣ

СֺˣҲˣҶĸĪˣʣףһ֪˭أôˣ

Сһ˵㻹Ӧýұأҵĸ磡

ҶһͣžȺɻûˣ֪ȥ˾ޣΪѾķ̫ΪȻѾôãȴûȫָԣҲһֱûлȥ

㲻ţ㿴Сֻ˻ӣһɷҷɢҶһڣѾˡ

Сʱｲˣɢһڲͬ㣬ģ²ģҶСʱͷǳϲɢζû뵽ô꣬ȻŵôϤζ

˰ɣ

Ҷ˻ûлشǼǰߡ

ιô˵

ι

Ҷǲ˵ʲôѾ˻У⣬ǰС˵ģͲ⣬ѾɹˣҲ檣£Ȼнġ

Ҷûˣҽˮ

ҶȻתͷ˵ˣǿЩɣһܾҪرˣ

˵գٴγǰȥҲٹСѾͷʲôˣˮҲ쵽˰Ҷ쳣ƲƲ죬ߣҷƢҿɲС죬Ҳȥ



ڶ 

ڣʷǰ棬ͷʵ֣˵ȥȽϺã

ԿݣȻ֮һյģֻܿԶǹ⣬ֻǲ֪жԶ

һߵˮ˳棬˵մû֮磬ӦЩɱͨɫҪڵĻ֮磬ԵԵɱҪɽϹǾҪĲˣ

ףˮȻ֪ôࣿпûôףʷ羪ȵ˵

Ҷ˿ˮһ˵ȻҼ㿴Ǵҵģ

˵ţָָϵһϢķڹϣûжãϣȴǺĺñҶû϶֣ᷢҲֻʥеĸֲܲɣ

Ҷ뵽ĸ˵Ļĸ׵ıɽ羫壬иڶ࣬˽̽

㣬Ȼ֪ô֪֪Ǹȥ

ţֱȥ֮ɣ˵ϡŹֵĶˮͷ롣˵Ҫȥصط

ʷԥһ£˵Ϊôǳ֮磬ҶѾоѹҪȥ֮磬᲻Σգ

Ϊˮ⣬û뵽ֻЦЦİҶļ˵ġڣǶԽһĲΣ

˵Ŀ϶Ҳģʷɻؿ˿ҶҶҲɻؿ˿㣬֪ġ

ˮ֮ô˵ֻΪ֪ҶɻʻԵġֶˣǲô׹ҵģҲӦûΣա˵Ҳ̫ĵط

Ҷһ˵ǻ֮תתɡʱ䡣룡

ʷæͷҲֱӾͽʲô֮磬־֪ﲻ򵥡ǰصطתתɣ

ˮ⣬Ҳٶ˵ֻཇܵʲôġ˵֮ġ

ʷͰҶʷȻҲϣõ밲ȫûᣬҶֱ˹ȥ

ȫһ󲨶ھȻȫʧˣ·һֱ֮һ

˵ɽ֮֮磬û뵽һܳԳԣʷ翴ܿյ˵

ˮָԶĵǹ⣬˵ҪҶȥЩȥɣȻûʮǳô棬ҲһС磬˵ҵһЩĶ

⵹û˷ԣϾҲȽѾԶȥ˾Щ֮ϡ

ʷһ߳ǰţһ̾治֪βõģֱ̫ˣȻԳһ磬Գ磬һſ˾޴ǣǰѴǧ綼㼯һˣ

ˮŰҶðҶɣЦ˵ȲҪ̾һ϶ӳԾأ϶֪Щ˵ģңĻֱӷɽ磬ͺطһ

˵ţؿ˿ҶҶԼ⣬ʱ˵䣬ؿһۣе˼ԣ

ȻҶ㣡

ˮȻẦ°ҶţЦЦ˵ʷԸĻЩͽأԼصͳԼɷ󣡡

ˣзɽ磬ʷѾˣΪԼĴ͸ɽȥ֮磬ֻ֪ڲֻ㣬Ȼķ·һ磬˾̾

ȻˮͽܣĶˣǺܾǰģȻҲķ䣬ֻǵڣԨԴ˶ûˣһֻʣһͳɷǿԲԼԸ

ҶˮܸоʷĶˣˮЦĸˣ˵Գһ磬ʷȫԷģֻҪһЩ˵ңĶںѾˣ

ʷȻ뵽ʲôæʣˮȻôˣ˾û￪ڵģ

ˮԴ˵Ӧаɣ϶࣡

Ϊʲô

׷ʲô˵ɽкûкãЩϻǷϣ˵ǰ֪֪жûͽܵģǵͽܱķΣ

ˮ˺ö⣬ʷҲˣǰΪ֪ˣҲǱ쳬ǿ֮ͽһ˵Ӧǲᶯĵģ˴ҲǴڿʼ

ʷ˺һᣬ˵룬һȿɣһֱƽţɽңҲ϶ðˣٰǸң

Ҷû뵽Ȼ뵽ɵͷǵƽͣûбҪǲҪڵɽ̫ࡣ

ˣϧֻһʯͷǣû飡

վǵԱߣԶԶȥǾ糾һһˣŷ֣˾޴˷˳

гĻʧΪһ֮أʷ̾Ϣ

ˮæӵкѣ֮㣬Ҳǣﲻˣ

н˻֮磬ʷЦǺǵ˵ҲֻǷɧǻȿܷʲôɣ

£ͷǱȥ֮ǰѾһȥܿЩٴη𣬳Զȥʱ˺ܶ࣬ӰΪʵ̫ˣ

Щ˿϶ҺöԿĴҵûע⵽ĺöʷȻЩ˷ܣ֣۾Ĵš

ҶЦؿͬʱʼɢ֪ΪʲôһӴǣȻ͵ɢƬ̵ʱ䣬ȻͰǶסˣϵĵεζӡС

ǵĶʵ̫ƽˣٵĿֲû˿谭סˡ

֮ʱɢԶԶĵطΪﲢ֮磬ûģԣУȻɽ࣬㡣



ڶһ ǳ

ҶɨһȦķ˲ٷʵϡƽ˵һҲûС

ʷһҪúѰұӣҶ˵ʷ֣ǻ߰ɣûʲôöģ

ûʷشˮ˵ô֪ûкöдͨһӲǣУ˵ǺöǶ˵ģ˵ܾǺöˣ

СѾͷͺСƵģֱӰѰҶĻնƬҶһʱȻ֪ηŰҶ˵ӣСѾͷЦ

ʷЦ˵֣ǻǵȵȰѣʵһ£һȥ˱ǣҲ÷£

ҶˮĴЦǣ˵ðɣңϢϢ

ʷЦ뿪ˣȻ֪мڷԲƾǵΪǺܿܲġ

ˮҲЦܿˣ˵ŪҶƺǷǳȤ顣

ҶﵽǱʯͷûһ˿֮Ƿ϶һӾͱ˺Ƭ

ԶУǹĿȻֹһɫͷף

˶æѰж˻ɽȫһǿأ

ҶԶ·޾գЩɫǳһʱ䣬Ȼʧ

֪˶ãҶһ쳣Զ·ӹϵʱմԼУѣιѣ

һҶ۾ˮһ˫۾һվʷ硣

ˮŰҶֵʵô붨ˣɲ붨ĵط

Ҷͷʵˣ

ãˮɻؿ˿˵һʱɣôˣɵˣҾͲϲҾͺܴԺѧŵ㣡

һʱ䣿ҶҲɻˡղһʮµľ磬ЩǹһֱԺţڤڤһָоеʮڡ뿪ҲһֱӦš·£û뵽ֻһʱ䣿

ʷҲһ˵֡ȷʵƶǺܿתһ飬Ҫ붨ˣԲŴ㣬ȻϾ֪ʲôʣԡ

ҶĻЦ˵лʷֹˣûˣ

ûˣˮŰҶ۾ɻ

ûˣ߰ɣƺѾˣ

ãǶ೯һξ룬ǱԵʵûʲôöˮ֣һӷգҶʷš

ΣǷã·ϾҲûͣǳԶŨܵǺȥҶһ߷ţһ߿еǹ⣬ڤڤеĸоٴӿͷû֮ǰʧȥʶǺѵظš

һſţһƬƬǹ˸תģЩŵǳ·ڰҶ۾趯Ծͷ޾

ǳת񡭡

Ȼ䣬Ҷͣҵ

ⲻ֮ǰҪѰҵ𣿡

Ҷ֮ǰѰһ󷨣˵УӦУֻû뵽Ÿս󣬾ȻҵˣյǳȻԼҪҵ󷨣

ԣҶһⲻ󷨣ǳرãɽ߷ǳ鶯Ķ࣬һȫ



ҶˣȻ뵽еǳȻݻ󷨣е󷨶ҵӰӣֻΪԼǸ󷨣Լڵһʱ󷨣ڣȴ޾󷨣ڴ˲Ʒɾˣ

˵Եûʲôö˭ע⵽Щų޾ǳأ

Ҷ̾ԼˣȻս͵õԼҪĶҪܶ࣬ж󷨣ǷһȺֶʹˣ˵ܿͿ¿ˣ

ιôˣǲɵˣˮɻҶе

ʷҲ˹ʣҶЦ˵û£ֻǺȻ뵽һЩ飡

ʲô£ôͻȻˮ׷ʵ

ҵ˽£ҶһۣԹ˳ǰɣˮ򳯰Ҷ˸׷ϡ

˼ǰɣҶ⣬ˮĴţֻʷԥţ룺ôˣҪҪͣһһͷԽһ󣬿ɾ鷳ˣ

ڣʷ̲סˣǸ֣ˮϢһ°ɣ

ðˮνͣҶҲһ㶣Ȼ뵽Ѿˣɳʷ翴ȥǸ

ǺǣûʲôûʲôʷǺЦţȻָŲԶһǣ˵飬ȥΣ

úãֻ˵ûеǲһأˮһֱӷȥ

ǵıȻ磬׵磬˶ˣЩӰ첻ǣ˺ܿͽ䵽ϵһɽϡ

ۣû뵽ȻҲôƯˮһĴſš

ϰƮƮԶˮ죬΢ϰϰ󣬾Ȼһֳѵԡ

ʷ°ͣҲ̾Ȼ󰡣Ȼ棬ôԵ磡

ҶѾϰԵɢʮ־޴󣬶ʮ㣬谭ֻܸǷԲҡ

ɨ֮£Ҷ֣ƺ֮ǰķ仹Ҫãȶ㣬һԣϵٶȿࡣ

ҶĴ鿴ţͬʱҲܵչ۲죬ܿ죬ͷ֣Ϊļɵġ

ҲԶǹһ󷨣󷨺ܼ򵥣ȴǸ㷶Χǳ󷨵һɲ֣ƴޱȵ󷨣ԴӴ˾γ˰Ҷ۲쵽֮

ҿڸҲôһ󷨣󷨲һļӿٶȣԣνǼӿٶȵѡ

ιʲôӣú氡ˮȻе

Ҷ漴ɨȥһʯѷУһ߳࣬Գ˵һģһҶӣһһĹӣ쳣ʵˮģ·һ

ʷҲȥˣ˵ˮǲҪĺãһûεĶڻΣ֮ǻΣͻ֪࣬Υ֮ܿϲҪ鷳ģ

ŶˮûֻǾúѣʷô˵ֿһۣ뿪ˡ



ڶ߶ б

Ҷٴξȵؿ˿ʷ磬ҶѾˣû죬һֺƵҩǷǳĲϣţʷҲģֻû뵽ԼȥժȰˮҪȥ

ҶҲ֪ȷʵڻΣȥӦмǧĵˣڹؼʱ̣û˿һͨķҲܶв

ʷ翴ˮ뿪ƺҲ˿ҶЦЦ˵ǰɣ

Ȼʩչ˼ǿŹڵλýȹӻ֮Զͻɢˡ

Ҷͷ˵ȥԶɣҷзˣ

ҶָһȻ

ˮҲæϣɵҶߣЦط˵ΪҲ֪𣿺ߣҿɲ׻˼ҵˣ

ȻЦſٷƲ㣬ԶȥҶεҡҡͷʷһϡ

ϵ֮򵥵ĵֵ

ﻹûгУֻһɢĲ䣬˸ϵУֻƤķˡ

ЩǲǸǰôֻᴩƤˮɻʵ

ʷЦ˵˵ǿɲ顣еģֻҪܵĻһ˵ܶǸߵˣԺ󣬲ҲǸߵˣܶ޶֮ˣҲ޶֮ˣΪ֮Ǿѵı֣

ڽ̻ǡǲǴ򿪣ˮʵ

ȻרŵĿǵطòҪڷˣڷˣֻʩԽַ̻Чǲģ

ʷ˵ͣˮʵˮ̻ǣ

ǰǹֿģǵ㶫𣿡

šʷ̧ͷ˿죬˵֮УЩҲȷʵ̻Ҳǹһɣ

Ǿˡ̸Ұɣ

˵šˮ㻯һ硣ĲȥʷЦ˵ˮﻹǺأ

Ҷؿˮν̻ЩԭʼķˡֻǣϸۼʱȻһЩ쳣Ĳ

ܺʯͷسǽֺķݣЩʯͷ£ʲôãǰİҶҲ϶ʲô

ڣոնǳȴ⣬Щʯͷذڷһǳı仯ֻȱһЩԣŴһ󷨱ǰģ

ҶмЩȱز֣ȻԼ㣬˺һᣬǰһɳ

һԵʷɻʣʲô

ҶҲָҵʯͷ˵ʷ֣Щʯһ󷨣ֻȱһЩϵĻǿɾͳһɽĴһҪĶɾɽ紫ҪһٿƷɾֻҪžѾ㹻ˣ

ҶĻʷ۾æʵȻôʡôģôû

۾濴ȴôҲʲô󷨡

ҶЦ˵ʦԵȣ

˵ţҶֻһƾᣬӳʯγһ˵ͼ

羪ȵؿŰҶɵͼӰʼ˼еĹԽԽ󼸺˵û뵽󷨻ãĳʶˣ

Ҷ˵ʷ֣ٿ

˵ţҶһ֣һƴƺǿᣬҶּˣƺ쳣ɣʷһʼûװҶΪʲôôܿ죬͵һĶͷЦǹôֱʹˣ

밡ʷͷ˼һᣬȻҲһ֣Ȼͬдشһǿơ

Žƺϵ֮У˳ȥʷ־ֻϲ

˺һᣬ˵Ҫҷģֻڲ󷨣ͱʲôǿĶˣ

Ĵ쳣Ľṹĵɽϼٱң˴еõʾԭȵĹҲ쳣ɣԭһͽҪķȫĻֻҪķѰٷ֮һˣֱǲܵ£ȷȷʵʵطˣЩĸԴ·һûж˻עԭʼ˵ͨ䣡

˭˵Χûб쳣ͨĲﶼ̺Щǰ

ʷпһֳҶһ񣬰Ҷæסʣʷʲô

尡ЩˣĲԼãƺ׾͸ʾ˳һͬ򣬴˵ȶݣҡҡ

ҶЦ˵Ȼͬ󣬱Ե֣иͬͬȻҲҪӣ

ǺǣΣҪл֣ҵĻ󷨣Ҳǿģ

ȷʵʷֻвǳ󷨲ܲǳȴգʱİҶҲһЩԼҪĶҪȫǳ󷨵б仯ǲ֪ҪķѶ¡

Ҷ˵ȻΧǱǾҿɣ֮Ǿʹ뿪һʲôط

ã

˸̻˵ˮһѶ㳯ȥʷ绹ڸղŲǸϣҶηָĶȻͬ죬ֻǲ֪ЩĶǹ棬иĶ

Ǻܴһĵط󺣣½طɢɫҶתһȦϣĻֲȱ󷨣һ϶Ǵ󣬰հҶĽЩ󵽴Ӧͬһط

֪ﴫ͵ģЩ˶Ǳߴ͹ġ

ҶţԶʷȫЩˣûиǳ󷨣ȫŰҶʾԼĸѧϰģԼʩչͬһĵԽԽˣڣȻֻߵˮƽһʥԵУӦҲһսˣ

ҶʷУˮڽ̻УֻԼԵˡ

ϡͿص֪ˣ

ȻһֱŹ죬˵ӦúܵĲŶԣ֪Ϊʲôȴ쳣ƽƺһٸû飬һжܺá



ڶ µط

ͣһ࣬ڣˮݣʷ翴͸Լɻ˲Ҫ뿪

ҶЩЦؿ˹Щ죬ѾˣʷǸǳĵˣⲻġġϣǲһŪġġ̶һ£ûǳ󷨵̶ȵЩĺģò˵Ժ

ˮȥŹ֣ڽ̻һϣȴҲϽг̶̵ۣʱȻЩԭʼģˡ

ˣȻˣǾ߰ɣҶµĳȻɢ

֣õˣǡǺǡ

ʷЦǺǵ˵ţŰҶɵ˸߿գˮҲϣ˵һֱţ

ţ

㻹İ֪һˣ㲻֪˾ζɺˣˮЦرȻš

ԴˣҶЦҲûбĻӦʽˡ

뿪ǣҶǴͨĴģԶļǣûֱӷɹȥ̽һ±ȽϺã˵֣ʷҲͬ⡣ԣǼĸǰ

·ϣڰҶز£ʷѲĲطˮãЩǷ÷ôһģȻܹ

ˮҲѧϰֻ˰µʱ䣬յĲˡ

ĺû뵽ЩʯͷȻĹЧˮԼͷŵĽƣɵŴС͡

ʷһ˵ȻԺˮֱսɼҵˣ

ˮСġƺڻԼɼҸֽһϲǣ¶ɰӴԺԿǿصĹ䲻ذЩ˳۵ĶȫʰЩеһ

ǳԾˮɵءЦżŵģ

˷ã;ͣһ̵ءҶȱȫ󷨡ЩһĶǷǳġֻǲ֪Ϊʲôƻˡ

ЩʵʵУҶּʡط͸ʮõطһطǸطʹǿüһƽƵطʩܵȫһ쳣״̬ʩԼ⣬˵һ·ûĵطһϢķַһҪӵУԭӳ벻Ч

ҶҲû˽أ̸ֱʷˮʷڰҶĿֱʹ飬ˮϲؽҶıδЩطȻȻܡ

ǣڵõµط֮ٴҵһͣͣһСûκǣϣǿʵĹõ˺ʲô

ҶҲҪʵʵһ£Ρ

վһƬʯУҶִһֻһСĹֱӷԿһĹâǰȥһʯͷķ飬ҲΪֹ

Ҷط뵽ʱԭһâһԲ׶εļ̣âתʵһ㣬ȻطʮĹҶͬʱʩչֽʡطȻԭȵˮƽ

תԲ׶ֱǰȥӴʯͷȫϢػɷĩתۣһֱͨ쵽Զĵطȫɢ

ҶʧǸп

ϣҲֱʥˣǵźʥҲôǱˡ

ţְطֹϣõЧԽԽ⣬ֱܵĻѾˣͣ

ʵһط־ͼˣڣϢܵ쳣УϢ⡣

е𾪵£طϢֻ𵽲Ч

طȻȫʹʹҲ࣬Ϣϸ鿴ҲԵѾϰ˰۾˵ѾΣˡ

ֻԸ֪طֻ˰ɣ

ڽˮʷطʱҶѾˡطòҪ⴫Ȼɽ׵ģ

ˮȻҴԼضôᴫˣʷ磬Ҳ

ЩõطĶǣΣ϶Ӵ⴫

Ҷ۲ˣ˼ƽֶԼ˵쳣ֵ⣬ֻǡʱ䣬ƽ

֪УС϶ɹ˼µʱ䣬ˮʷƺĳֳտ״̬춼ǵҷЩǿƻǶЦ֪ľϥָЩʱСƺ˲١Ҳ˲٣

ʱˡҲʵĲˡҶǣҲͣ

Ǹ֣ˣõˣ

ûҶشˮͽӵҪô⣬㿴һӶûУߣǿЩǰʲôΣգҲЧΣ

Ҷ˵ˣֻɳˮƽطæҲɼҺڵ˱ϼУûߵΪǷǳΣյأ

ߣ֪ңˮƲƲ죬ͷŤһߡ

ʷ밲οοȴȻͣסˣˮҲ۾Զ

ҶһֱСϣԶĵطȻû⣬ǾȵĿ⣬ҲȥֻԶ˸عâٷ

ʷ羪ȵ˵ⲻǸտʼһôˣ

ЩâȷʵȽǣлмʥΪ˵ǿģֱӳȥӦͽĻ֮ˣôӺ˹

ʷ벻ףҶҲûŪף˶ˮֻˮ֪ضһЩˮȵҲˣҲ֪

ǼŹɵغܿ죬ûþȻڰҶǲԶͣһŨü۵˿ҶˣſʵǺˣ

뺣ʱЩǹעˣȻעʷЩС

ʷѯʣæֵʷ磬̽󣡡

Ȼʷ˵ء̽顱ܲмȻʵʱ֪ʲôط𣿡

ʷ绹ûлشһԵˮʵôǺ˰ǲȥ𣿡

ˮһ仰Щ˵ɻȫˣ£Ũü˱еȻˣַԣȻԶҲ֮磡

ȳֱããǿﴩͣظôʱ·ȴȻ֣ɫЩϤеԼϢɵط׷б˵ǻ᲻ֻصԭأ

û֤ķֱҶˣˮһ仰ףĻصԭأ

һᣬһʵ֮ǰб

ʷӵûУһˣ

Щǻ࿴˿ŨüĲ˵ӦûΧҪҴ𰸣ǻһɣȻѰҽĻ֮ķ

ţ˶ͬ⣬ȻһȺٴλɹâ·һ

һûòļһȻлֶ˵ˮЩâ󺰴С

𣬱ʷæסˮ˵ЩǸˣǣǻԥسֵģֵط

ˮûͣסӴˣһȺûòļһ

ҪôûҪô˵һȺۿ˵͡Ļ쵰һİȻʷˮæŤͷȥ

ֻǲԶĵطվˣһɫۣϼĺǸۣӣȷʵԵˣԵЩײ࣬ղ˵Ҳ

Ŀࡢһģһˣֻż򵥵ףмżĲ

Ҷע⵽ˣֻûгڣֻ뿴Ҫʲô

˭ˮſʵ

ƵشʯͷϷ˵ұԶǼ˹ģԾ͹

ʲôˮֱӽӵ

šһһˣȻЦ˵ʵд˴ģǱߵϵõһһ£ʼվòʲôԣλæ

ʲôæ

ⱦĿƺҪѪ㿴ϸƤģûжѪȴֻǿܣѪҲãʩһЩ

ʷˮһ㶣ҶſʵղǼ˵ѪƺãΪʲôҪأ



ڶĽ 

Ҷķʣ˹Ц˵һеģǿ˵һ֣

ˮǰһ˵ô˵Ϊˣ

ţǲ϶ȲϸղŵǼһʵʵֻҪȸղǼһһ㣬ҾͲˣǣӦ÷ɣ

ʷô˵æʣǰҪѪĻ浽ǣǶˣǰôɣ

ƺ˺ܺЦЦ˹Цţ˵㻹ȤĻҲ˵꼸ˣ

ʷ粻֪ΪʲôôķӦйϵ

Ҷʷ磬ֱ˵ýôˣֱӶְɣ

ʵǺϲ֮ǰúϷŪϷŪģûȤ

˵ţһ֣ߵйâһ˲ԭʧٳʱѾֱˮʷǰ

ҶǣԵǳʱѾ˲䵲סǡ

Ӧܿ죡˹һƣ޵

ܵ۾عâˣȻʼΡתۣͱ޵ӡ

ɽһޣ֫У޳·棬ȫǶ̣гж̣ޱȣ廹ɢһ㡣ŵζˣ¶Уһֱӱǣǳ

Ҷܱ˿ޡ֪˲򵥣ȻƳĿʵ

ɢŵķɫЩɫƮ͸ɫֻҪӴ൱ˣֻý赲

ߣҲңҿɲŴģˮޡóһСɵذףֱնȥ

һĹдذϷɳ鶯Ĺ⻪ֱնһԵĿޡ

ذױˮطǿڣں˸ѧطذ׵ĹǿɳȻֱӿ˿ޣڵӿ޵˿ðҲĽ

ˮԼĹЧˣЦ˵СЩѿļһ

Ȼʵôʶȴ࣬Ը񽾺ᣬطǰؿޣǿġ

ʷ翴鲻ˣҲóԼһͨرطһԵؿնȥΪһˮǿĶ࣬һӾͰѿ޺ˣ֮ǿԼЩĿɿڴ

ղšҿ𣿡ʷҪֻˡ

һԵֻڿʼһ£ȻǾ¶΢Ц˵Ҳõ˱ˣһһе׬

˵꣬һָǱĿٴεͺȻֿʼ仯ˣһĹֻȫڣЩֱ̣ɢڵĹâ⿴ȥͺҪ˴̴һ

ɣ

ٴδһָĿһӱսĸ֣ʼΧƸԵĶתѰҶԷ

ҶְæˮеҪҾͲҰڲƽһ

ʷҲ˵֣ԼɣҸպڵˮƽ

ô˵Ҳ֣ʷ˵ߵΪϸոѧطӦû⣬ˮϻ֪жûóıأҲõģҶĿǸϡ

ܸ˭𣿡Ҷʵ

˭ҸҲδ֪α˵أҲҲû˭𣿡ЦǺǵ˵š

ҶȻЦʣĲ֪˭𣿡

Ǻ𣿡

ҶжϢسеĺ콣Ҳ˳ȥ˱ϾСɫɵص

ǰ׼ҵˣ˿˿ҶȻƺʲô˵˵׼ҵ˶ǿ׼˵ѪҲ쳣ģôݣǲ¶ɱľģ

˵ţ¶޵ЦݣָѪָףسҶȥ

Ҷȫָܿ׵һȻֻյĸо˸е޴ɶ㣬ֱӭȥ

ҶҲ΢΢ǰһ£

סˣͬʱ趯콣طӽɳܿͱʵһƬǰӿȥ

Ѫָǹײһ𡣵һȦȦĲƣܵʯͷķ飬ҶЩƣ۾һ£Ȼ¾ۼֱӷطǸ˷ȥ

ҶĹطӳɣǿҲоˣɻҶΪʲôôɵطôǿĹʱͿҶ˷Ƶģʹ

𣿾ȻôҪش߶

ЦЦóһԲԲɫأаƴСȥһСɵӡԶһϵõıܸоⱦزͬ죬Ծͷǲ˵㶫˼ã֪ȱԵѪҲŴ˰Ҷ˵⡣

ԲȻûȫҲʹá͵ȫҶʱȴ֡ҶȻڲ

Ҷ쳣Ҳʷˮ˲װҶʲôȥҪԱˡ

ҶȻ£ܸоȥսʤҲǲʤһֱսطڸղţһȦȦĲʱ͸һ⣬֪ν֮ˣ

ҪԱ𣿡ʵ

һûô벻ҶȻһȫɢ

Ǹһֱûж֣˰ҶܺõĻʱ䣬ɢķʽǴɢû˿ԣͬʱҲطЩøǿռ䶼ڲ֮ǰҪǿزɢ

ƺ뵽ʲôЦøյطңǺǣûõء

ȻͣΪѾˣղûֿնĸоǴӿ޾Ļ֮

ɣȥһ

ҶϢȻĲһƬռǿʷ硢ˮֱӱ˽ȥҶҲǣǸ˽ȥˡ

ܿ죬СǻָƽֻһƬʵĻ֮Ȼǿ

ԶѾ˺ԶһȺУһȻͣȻػͷȥ

ôˣŨüʵ

֮ڣ

һȺһ㶣뵽ʲôæͷȥ

ѵƭǣ

֪ȹȥ˵

һȺƴٶȸ·ܿ͵ǸСǣǱϡĻ֮ܲʧ˵ˣ֪˿϶ȥ˻֮磡

Ũü˱˼һᣬȻһ˫۾۾ɢɫĹâ

кȻһѾ޸ֱӳĻ֮ȥǿֱգܵĻ֮ƬУУȻ䣬ӿ˸Ļ֮

ȥ

ŨüһУŨŨĻ֮УҲæϣܿ죬һȻֻʣ²Ļ֮

Ⱥ˵֮ܽ磬ȫܲЩ֮

յֶܶᣬ֮ȴ֮٣ǡǡҶͻᣬϾ֮ǰһ֮г

ЩռиܵϤϢԼգǿ֮һͨ˾˽ȥҲʣһЩ֮

ЩˣҲգǣûЩĻ֮Ϊӣѻ֮ͨͨȻܴͨҲͲܽ

ŨüԼ뵽һ㣬Եڻ֮ûȫɢ֮ǰֱգôҿٽ룬ǶԵģҲǶԵģ˿ܻʵʱÿ˵϶¶ϲɫ

СģȸղŵҪΣյĶ࣬ǧ򲻿ɴ⣡

һȺڵ±жʼ̽ȥ

˵Ҷˣ֮սͣ

˾ȵ՝ĵطʵʲôط

֮磬ĵڶ㣡Ҷػش



ڶ 쳣

һ⣬ܵ磬ȻЦããû뵽Ȼôطܺã׼ҵСӣҷŹˣ϶иõĶѪԺȡ

Ҷһ㶣ܵĻ֮˴ܵģû뵽һȻֱӰˣ

Ҳǣǵڶ㣬ñ϶࣬Ȼ˷һ֣Ҳ˲صߣٴα˴󺺵ģ

ٺ٣ǺڣЦţ˲ԭʧӰˣ

ҶϤܷ˵Ϣȴû׷ûбҪˡ

쵰ôˣһûأСѾͷˣ󺰴

ʷҲЩδĸоܿ¶˿Ц˵ǻǽڶˡ

ܻһƬҶҲЩԻ󣬰֮ǰǲǾ磬ûκΰ취֤뷨

ȻǰĻ֮һζŨü۵ٴγ֡

˳ֺ󣬾վŰҶˣʵνģ

ôİҶֱüͷʷ翴˿ҶʲôҲû˵ˮеôʲô£

ƺûֻȻñ۾ŰҶˣ˵νģϣǲҪҶǴʲôƣǻһù

ʲô˼ˮʵ

ϣעһЩǲԸ⣬ҿԽǣȻǵõ˺ܶණָһЩ

ҶüͷĸˣʷҲһգˮѾͨˡ

Ϊ˭ƾʲôô˵ˮſڴ

ƺ֪Ҷ˲ԼĻִһȫ

Ǿȴǣ

˵գתߡ˲ʧӰ١

쵰

ˮǸһȻôˣһȭǽϣϡһȭȻֱӰѽƺƬ



ˮסˡɵɵؿԼȭͷֿ˿һԾȵʷ绹ȻüͷİҶ૵ʣǰ𣿡

ʷæҡͷ˵ûУˮһȭֱӰʥĽƺƬ

ҴģˮٴʵĿ⿴Ҷ

Ҷͷ˵һȭõģ

ҴõأҾȻܰʥõĽƴãˮ˷ܵѸղŵķŭ׵˾⣡

ҶѾɢղţúøʥأȻķ㣬ںʥĽƵء

ڽ䱸ʱ֣طбøӵغˣطƺרΪ֮׼ģû֮ӵҪǿʮ

ղţˮһȭѾʶطһֱĽһȭȥҲʶصܵĻ֮һȭ֮£ͰʥĽƺƬⲻƽ⣬ǿкƬ

ôǿزҶɻˣ

УĬĬתط֮󣬾ȻʼΧڣǰ뿪Ǹ޵˻иո뿪ˣܱ̽鵽Ҫ֪֮ľѾ֮ңˣ

ˮ˷˺óʱ䣬ʷƺҲˮǿԭҶ˿ֿ˿ˮʼʩչ

ȻܵĻ֮Ҳܵһִûйǿ˫֮䣬ǿҵĹâԼ̵۾

æоۼͷųȥʷ㶵ؿԼ˫֣ˮҲͣ˵Ҳǿˣ

ǡǰǿ

Ҷ˵ӣȻЦЦ˵ˣҪˣطרΪĻ֮׼ģܷôǿĹ͸ǿˣ

Ҷôͣˮæ˵׷ϸղЩ쵰úýѵһ£⣬Ӱ¼ʯҪҺʥս¼ȥЩƽֻ֪ҵļһǿҲǺ۸ģ

ˮһ鷽ĺˮһʯͷӰ¼ʯһּ¼ӰʯͷģֳϢһЩرϢ⣬ܼ¼ʯͷ࣬ϸƷɾࡣ

Ҷʯͷͷһ˵ȵһ£и뷨Ҫһԣ

˵գͻӳһƣ½ܣȻʷˮʱ롣

ҶҪɾӰ¼ʯɾ֪£᲻ͻơ

û֮ǰȱչأֻվѴеĸƷɾųȻطܵĻ֮ʼɾĽṹ

ʱо飬µطл֮֮ǰǳԣٶȱ֮ǰҪϼ֣ʷˮֻһϸӵڰҶתۻҡ

ʲôʷʵ

ֵ֪ģʲôöҪ֣ˮ֪ҶǿܳΪδɻʵģʲôûֵġ

ŶʷҲֻͷȻ˵ˮǾɣղȻ쵰ĻҲԣȸղŵ֮ҪΣյĶ࣬ǵȹж

ţҪʽأãٺ٣Щ۵Ļ쵰˵ţˮ˽ƣԶʽȥˡ

ʷ粢û飬ڰҶߣΪ

ԶŨü˺ٴλ㼯һ˵̽鵽ʲô

ܿޣʲôҲҲ

ǰ֮ҪĶ࣬ܵĻ֮ǵʶӰ죬۾Ҳ壬Ҷ

Ũü˵ͷ˵ֻˣ

һ˺Ȼʵ磬ղȥˣ

ţ

ô

Ұǽˣ

磬ǼȻܽЩµģ᲻ǲҪ鷳

һ˵õʲôЩ˶ǾɻҲܽҲǽҽģΪ壡

Ũü˰ڰ֣˵ˣҶѾˣǻǷֿطϵ飬ǧҪ

ã

һȺٴɢһ״՝ѰŶ



ˣôأֵؿܵĽƣѾ֮ǰпܵķԹˣɾǲ뿪

¹һԣʵ㣬û

˵ţȻ󷨣۾Ǿȡ



ڶ ɾ

֮ԾȣΪһֱûзӦĽ󷨾Ȼ

ʮĽƣڱϲûжٲ𣬵˺ܴľҲû˿չͷۣû뵽󷨾ȻԼˡ

æʼڲ̽顣

Ȼʣ֮ȴһƬ谵տɲֶʱȴ谵Ŀռ趯ȻܿЩߵĹ켣ȴΪʲôֻǾãЩ߾Ӧߣǣһ泩ĸо

棬¹һԵļ뻥࿴˿ǷϾȻ¶Ե飬ѵʧ

Ȼĵȴ׳֣ʲô֪óȻֻ֣⡣

ô죿¹ʵ

ڳ˼ţһᣬתһԣʿ£֪֪׼ҰĹ

ʿƺҲı֣ͷ˵һ񣬷ֹаħֵĽƣֻǲ֪ûã

ѽݻĺҲţȻڰ׼ҵĹأˣΪЩ˶ǰҶѡҲӦ

¹ͼ˺ܿͼסƣæʩչؽԽʩչԽǿ

ͬʱ֣ѽƼϣⷢˣǲûаĽ󷨸еһǾȻҲ˽ȥ

ǵȻڵĵطȴûʧȥģǰͬۻҵâ

Ҫ˳ʱȲҪˣúÿЩߣкô

֪ûʧҲʼһǰԽԽĿ硣

һ棬ҶԼĽվţԽԽ죬·һУܵĻ֮·ˮһתСġɾϢԽԽˡ

Ҷһָоο϶ܳɹԣʮ㡣

Ȼ䣬ƺѾգ·һͨһط

֣ô£

ѵƷɾﶼһ

ҶʶȥﻹûȫֻͣһڵͨоûΣգ˹ȥֻƬ̣;ȵز˳

Ȼǣ

ڤڤעǱԭܶ࣬Ҫı˴󣬺Ҷж˷ϵǾΪӣȡ˷ĺģǵĴһûз״̬С

ɽϢı䶯ǵشһӴֱ˦һƣҲˣû⣬󱻽һΣһûмʱ䣬Ҳ

⻹ǷˣҶһʱĸἫƷɾɾиγƽŵͨͨڿʼͬûзģΪǸ󷨴ϢвУͨͨҶʶһȥȻҲͿǡ

ȴûзְҶҶʶԽԽȥܿ죬ͷ֣һСԼȻȫʶ

ңҲˣСǱƵģһҲûĽơ

һҶ뵽ʲôеãȻ٣ǸͨһӱĴȻһɼǿ



ǰסת⣬ȻеʶһͷӦ㱻ǣס

񣡡˵ʶȫع鱾壬۾ʱ־ȻҲǣסˡ

ô£¹Ŭ壬۾ǰʵֵһĴ󶴡

֪Ļ䣬һͷ𣺡𶯣ҽǹ

һ㶣Ȼʿ¸˵ͽҲǣ˹ľӣԣҲ죬һǸڶС

ʧ֮󣬺ڶζ˼£ʧϵĽƺ֪ûˣȻʼԼɢһĹӰˡ

Ҷееɢǣɵĵǣܿ죬Ѥ쳣ǴзɳԶԳǡ

Ȼ㣡¹ҶЦ

ҲЦ˵ղһôأԭ㰡

˸ǰȴǣ˵ȲҪ˵أ

ҶǼ֮󣬾ȫе⣬ܿ죬Щ»ۣܿ죬һҫĹâɡ

Ҷвϵر仯ԽԽϢܻص˺üʱ䣬Ҷһһըܻ֮Ĵ

ЩϢֻ洦ûˣվ֮󣬿Ҷϲɫ

Сӣʲô֪Ҷûˣſʵ

Ҷǰ棬ֻһʮľ壬ãÿһαöŶʧ

ھܣŰ˿Сľ壬ЩΧмĴתţµѤõĹ켣

һŴͰ˿С壬һļƷɾ

ɾҶȻСʱڸ׵ָ¿Ҳɾ֣Сǳ

Ʒɾܹṩ֮⣬ҲһǳһǳõıķֻʥеĸֲƳ

ǳȻ

һУҲƷɾȻһ֣ɽ粻Ҫ˵ӵУǼӵ˶࣬¹ļƷɾǳȴǵһμȴ˵ľȣҲסˡ

ἫƷɾ



֪йϵˣһƬã

ôˣǾǳֺÿģˮһȺ˴Сеģֵʵ

⼸յʱ䣬ˮʷѾʶǣҲ֪ʲôطʵʱ뵽ˣʮʱ򣬱ֺŻ󷨡

ˮʣ֪ϸź;Ҳɻؿˣʿ½˵ǳǼƷɾҲһַֻʥֲƳں˾ǳǿֻǾɻʲƳˣ

ʿǰ׼ҵˣ֪׼Ҳоǳֻǣ֪Ҷеľǳǰ׼ҵģƤӵֱɵģ

Ʒɾˮ۷ŹؿŰҶתİСһſһľ塣ûƼˣ



ڶ߽ ٴγ

ҶҲһ˷УڳɹˣԼѰɾԼɾʱû뵽ἫƷɾȻѣ֮ǰôѾҲֻƷɾ

ӿʼڣƷɾĽṹ˷ĵĽṹǳĽṹطĻ֮˽

۾ѸٵػζһḶ֪́Ҳֻ֮߼Ļ֮вɾ

ۣҶɾЦſˣ˵ңþòˣ

ףһûϸأˮæҶҪ

ҶֻڰѾǳó˵úˣŪˣ

ģıҶҲᶪģ˵ţһ˫۾벻ľǳˡ

СǶû˵¹˵һƷɾѾ˲ˣҶȻƷɾֱ˰

ҰҰ죬תͷʷ¹˵ǲˣûˣ

ţţͷ̾Ϣһ˵Ժ²ǵˣ

ôı飬ҶεЦ˵λǰǱ˵ˣ˵Ļûط갡

ǿ㣬ط¹ЦţҶߡͷŵؿ

Ŀ͸ˣ뵱һֻȸ򲻹ڣһʥ򲻹ˣ

Ҳ򲻹ˣҲҶߡŰҶ

ҶͬӰ׼ҳͷˣҲԼͷѣǶԼİ˵Ǿ޴ޱȵġûǺԼ²˷䣬ڻɽäĿεأҪ˵һرˡ

ˡˣҪôˣڸ˵˵Ҫ˰ɣм˽˵

㣬ȸʺʺ򣡡Ҷתӡ

׹ӣȻ֪ҶݡΪԸҲǸҶˣԣ⡰׹ӡûжٹֻѼʺ

Ҷֱ˵Ҽӥնˣ

ţһ㶣ʵ˵ʲô

Ҷ˵㿴ĹʬǼٵģӥնûܣңסʱָǣڸ

Ҷһ仰У̫಻˽ضʲôܣ

ûףһԵ˶סˣʵܣ㻹ܰ˻ָǣڸ

ǽ֮Ǹ֪˻ֹϵаڲ˻ᣬǰİҶܰ˻ָǣ

磬Ǳ뺣ҪΣյصطȻˣҪĵطĵط

Ҷ֪ǶԻ󣬵±ѷؽһ飬Ե޹ʵͨνع̣Χ˶ѣѣûʲôء

ʿҶĻʵӣ˵ǰ׼ҵ˶뺣𣿡

ţҿүүסǶڣ

ʿ¶ڰ׼ҵ֪ĺܶ࣬Ҷͷ˵ɽңǾ϶øֱפأǰǰ׼פصû뵽פص뺣

û

䣬ʱ뺣ѲأҲΪҶһĻԵ

ҶȻһԵʷ缸ſ˵ʲôû˵ǰһ˵ʷ֣Ǹݣ

ʷ翴ҶԼǸæסҶ˵׹ӡҡǸҡ

ʷ֣ڹ𣿡

ûû֣֣

ʷ֣ѾˣҪҵʲôӣ

ʷ翴ŰҶ۾˺һᣬŵͷȻ̾һ˵ʷεºܣȻ׹ӳѣ׹ӿܳΪɻʵ˰

˵ʲôȻҶ۾æĿڣšֵܣǺǣǰֵܣ

һԵķ¹ЦҪ̾ϢԵ֣ǻԵģģأ

ǣǣǺǣʷǺЦš

ҶѾӸղŵ˹˵ӽ㣬İɣӦҵƽܵķӣԲõģ

ЦЦ˵ҲģֵڣԶҲõˣ

ЦˣǼȻһʱҲȥͺúҰɣƽܵķӣɻ౦أ

ҪұˣˮڰעӾǳתˣûаѾǳҶԼ͵͵˵߰ɣԭǸŵĻ쵰ʥǸȥˣȥ׷Ҫúýѵѵ

ҶѾǳֻεЦЦѾ֪ǳˣֻҪʱ䣬һԣ͸Ҳν

Ҫѵʥ¹ʵ

ߣ㲻ҿҲǸʥɣǽ

ȷ¹ػˮͿʼ¹Ҳú棬ɵ˵һߣ˵

¹Ҳʼķȥͺǿ˫һУź׻Хܿͱһ쳣ȴǿĹơ

˫ͬʱѹ˳ȥˮǷǳ򵥵һ⣬ײ¹˵ʲôͺȻ֣ԼĹȻûһ˿þͱķ飬ֱӳԼ

ۡ¹æһߣձ˹ȥЩĿɿڴؿˮ

ˮȻûٹԼɢˣ˵ߣ֪С˰ɣ

ǶȻ¹ûоȫֹҲ쳣ǿģˮΪûеֵĿܣȻ¹ΪȫԿƹԲŹͷųû뵽ĹһӾͱˮǿƼ򵥵ĹˣƵ쳣򵥡쳣ȫ쳣䣬ţ

ϿûзŶղȫǷСѾͷЦŽţ⼫ˡ

˺ܿͰ۾˰Ҷƺ֪϶ܴӰҶҵ𰸣ˮҲ˵Ŀ⣬æ˵ҪҾˣҸǽͣҲǵģ

һʦҪֵʦ˵ʲôҪ棡

ǣˮʼ˲طͬʱҲʼ֮ǰǸŨüʧķȥҶѾЩˣܴ֮ĿǰΪֹ˿՝Ļ֮ûзκζ



ڶ߰˽ ֮

˵Ҷ˽֮磬Ǽ·֮ʱ𣬺ˮһɳ죬ˮоȻħεֻˮȶƳƷɳ

ͬʱǰ׼һǱңķתʱ䣬뺣ذϼ֡

ڸ߿գ뺣еħˣ˵ħжϵˣ

ǰҶĸװׄ죬ׄʵħɽ粢ʺϣôģ

䳤̾һ˵ɻ֮ҵ˺öˣ

֮ƴޱߣи˵һҲ٣ֻǣ֮УûκʹãɻҲܾľԣЩԸҲ̤ޡ

ɻȷʵ֮ҵ˺öУһħ磬һħ֮ħĵλڰ׼ҷɳıĵλ֪ʲôԭ䵽֮Уɻҵħ֧֡

ħ粻ͬɽ磬ħֻҪħͲûбԣտʼħͷųħͷ

ƴԶɵׄߣ˵硣ǺͱҵĺѾںϣʱԷ

ͷ˵֪ˣ֪ȥСħ־ˣ

Ǳظ֣ʱҲӦǾ֮

ҵغǰֵںһֻص󷨣ԸЩħǰͷ׾٣ֻǡҲҪǿĿȻڰͱ˵ʲô

ͬʱɻȴ֮УǰƮһӯӯĹ⣬Щˮһڻš

֮ˮԸ׼ҵķɳӦùˣ

ֿһ૵ӡԸֻҲˣ

һɫػ𻨣ַڻϡָ˷ɻң˻ָ˲ָԭ״

𾫣Ҳˡ

ܲüЩɽемأеĶδţɽΪУЩڡ

ɻʴˣЩǺľȫ֮ҵأɻʴ˴ǽѣ

һ΢΢ĲɻʶУɻʵͷ˵ˣǾͶȥɣ

˵ţӻ֣΢΢ĲƽϢȥƬ̣ɻüͷһ壬һи쳣΢زתֲˣɻָһǲѾڼԶˣɻʸȥȴ֣ٴӰˡ

ˣˣѾˣϢ©ˣҲν

˵ţɻʰЩȫ𣬻գɽȥˡ

ߵһ˿ǱˣǴӰҶ뿪ȥѰҸƷģûãһļһЩһ￴ȥʮƣȴֲ壬ϸ۲˺þãžȵط֣ЩһϹܣ

ϹǷǳǳԶ壬Ǳڵǿ󣬿˵ʲôطǶܽ룬ǿҲʱĥ֮С

岻֪ЩΪʲôڣϸ۲²ŷǶǱһ̶ŲûǸЩܴڣȫһֿܣ

ʱ;ˣȻ

ܣϹ壬ֱ̫ԣĸЩϹ壬Ҫʲô

Щͨһ֪С磬ȻóһһˣһӾϳɻʣҪ뿪סˣû

ɻʵһ˼ЩϹʱͿʼܣûȫɻʵһӱУͬЩϹһţڰҶõĪĺôǿ뿪

ɻʵĵڶνʱȴǼƴٴνѡ

УǿάԼĲ̾ҸƷʵģû뵽ŵ޾Ͳҷˡ

ŬάԼĲдУҪҵһʵĵطȰԼȹȻٷذҶȥԼķֱӻصҶԲõҲ

ȻеһĲæܿͷ֣ⲨɻʵģһЩİϢ

лбˣŨ

ֻ֪Ҫɻʼĸ־ͺѷԼԣķȥܿ죬ͿһŮ֮УܹĵŨ쳣

Ʒ磡

循ȵҲֻӵƷˣô˷ѣЩŨ쳣ǴԼɢģһɢУͨˣͺľΪˡ

Ů

Ȼ뵽Ů



ûмҶȴӰӣڰҶϢһ԰Ҷĸоԣһ֪ǰİŮǻ

ʱҲ۾֮ǰΪڵɻʵĽԶĲϤĿһӾ͸оˡ

սһæֲԣʵ˭

һ㶣û뵽ȻܸоԼ㳯˵ǻ

ףʶң˭ʱΪǸɻأ

ǰҶѣ

סˣ㶵ʵ㡭˵ʲô˭

Ҷɷ򣡡

Ȼͦӣ˵һ飿

̫ˣоԼǲΣ

ܸеľ񲨶˵ǰҶڵ壬ҳѰƷ硭

岻첻ذһЩ齲˳Ǹڣһֱû˵ֱؽ꣬ĨĨᣬþ˵

ұΪҪܾòҶϢû뵽ôˣ

ڰҶͻĸдΣ壬ûе츳ԣдҲֻǵģûж

ƹҶԵ㲻صģԼȴҪСˣգʲôҲûУҲΣֵģ

ᣬƽϢһ飬˵õģƷ磬ﲻµģ쵽ָһ°ɣ

ǽҲ峨ˣͬʱʼԼ飬ҶϣܹԼϢ



ڶ߾Ž ֮

ף壿һĽžͷ壬ͬĲþ÷С

һֱң

ͷŽϵĽƣ˵һʱ䣬ȻƳƣ

ѾűˣƳֻҪָܻʵڻڣȻûаҶôãҲʮѵˣҲĿٻָ

忪ʼָʼؿڵޣã¿ʼԴԴϵͷų

˵ɻʣһķصɽ磬ٻһȺΪ׵ǿˡ

Щ㶼ȥַ˰ɣ˭ʺϣ˭ãɻ˵ЩóƯڿС

ţǺöְЩùһһһ飬˵ɻʷİɣһ׵ģ

ţɻʵͷʧ١

ɣ֣Щ˶˹ڵĻ϶ʶǣΪءҫеһԱʱȴˡ

˰еķָˣ˵ˣŶȥɣشܷˣ

Щһ¶ϲɫѾжûˣû뵽βķһжڵͷˣ

˳˸𣬸ѡһͬʧ١

ЩЩҲӦЩˣֻǡ֡ʮ찡

濴ͷǿ՝磬۾ﲻϵŹâ



ҶһȺԼٶڻ֮зУһȺ˶طûˮƽţòĴϻۣȻһյģˮƽô̵ʱգѾ漣ˣ

Ϊط˷вĵعСˣͬĹеٶȴˣ⣬ܵĻ֮áǵٶȸǿ쵽󣬶Ҽûʲôġһʱ䣬жиͷ֮Уǲ޵ˣ

ȷʵ٣󣬶ҿʱ䣬Ļǳ̫Ķ֣ܶѣ

ҶӣЩһûˮʵԴӰҶݹôƺ

Ҷͷ˵ٷɼʱ׷ˣ

ҶͿЩˣЩ˵ķٶҲʮֵؿ졣ûʲôöǵʶʮǿһɨûͣǣô׷ţһ쳣ңԶ·̡

ߣ׷һ֪ҵˮСȭͷؽš

ȻһԵź;ӽеž£һҪ֣ﻹбĸ֣ǳҪˣ

СѾͷãԼź;ȻΪͣطʵ϶ǣܴЩһ϶ǵ棬ǵĴ룺ֻһͨΪɵʥǸöȤ

ź;Ȼܲʵʣһշһʵûȥս֣˵ս˵Ѱ·طʵǿԼҲ׽ˣҲҸһ¡

һԵЦ˵ã

￴ˣǾǿ˺úýѵѵ߷

ԣҾҪѹ߷ߣ޵ݣˮǸŨüļһʮ⣬һֱǸ߸ϵСǸһȻ˵ʵڲԭ£

Ҷһ壬ֻεЦЦ˵ˣץ·ǿܷʲôѾͣһǾ׷ˣ

Ҷ˵أЩҵһԭȷɢĶ£ۼһ

ҲһǣһҲСǣ½ки飬ˣڻ֮緢ֵصһôԵǣҪúò̽һ¡



磬ʮֹŹ֣ǵʶ첻ǸѰұ

һε˵ǵʶڻпչһǵԶɢˣܿʲô

йŹֱԭȥһƣ˵գŨü۵ȳǷȥת۾һɽϣҲ׷¡

Ȼһ˽е죬ϣ

æ̧ͷֻǳ˸ﻹаӡ

һҪ쿴ô£ôôǳһӾͱŨüסˣ˵Ҫ

뵽󣬴ǲĵطֻһ·ʵ̫˳ˣǼΣա

̫ŹˣСЩط磬ɢκ鶼Ҫһж

ŨüҪ̵ʱŪǵô£ԣҲɢ

Ҷ˺ܿҲǵ棬ҶҲȵط֣쳣ģԭΪΪ̫Զû뵽ڵǰȻģԼϵʲô

òҪȥ˵

Ϊʲôˮʵ

ʮǰȻҲ֪ﵽĸطƵǣʱȥڲʱæѣȴȻĽסóȻȥܸ֮ܿǰһס͵

˵Ҳ޳ɽȥҿ

һ֣һĨɳһѾط쳣ǿ󣬺ܿǰչȫסǵߣϹ˸ܿ죬ǰͳһ½硣

˵Ӱ磬Ҷһżգطͻ֮ƺˣǿǵʵò

ϣѾȫӣЩȫʧˣȡŨŨĺɷ֮Ǳ鲼ĺɫնһֻֻ쳣Ĳ֪Ĵε

Ҷоޱȣȫûãżȴܹչ磬֪ԼȻ޵ģܵģ

Ȼʿ˵ˣԣԣԣ

˵ԣȻˣ˵ǲӵģ

ΪʲôˮæʵҲ

ʿִһǷȥƬַ̺˻ҶǰһЩȣЩɻؿǡ



ڶ ټ

ιιҶӣôˣô˵ˣˮĸ첲ʵ

Ҷ˵ǰ׼һطС̽桯һԻʱʹãȻƳ󣬵Ҳܿһʵģ

Ŷ㿴ʲôΪʲôԣ

һȣٿ

ҶҲ̽ǰǴȥܿ죬ҶĿ˼һᣬǰȻ

ôˣ뵽ʲôҶɫˮ֪Ҷһ뵽ʲô

λǶƭˣǵı࣡

˵ŰҶʼܵĻ֮һУȻЩĻ֮ǰǣʱǰǾȻȼ

ܿ죬ƴǳһţţǱģ

ףôˣˮŬգ۾ҪǵӣȴԽԽģôҲ

һֵֺĸоһǰ֪ҲܸоõܴؿϸڣȷʵҲ

ǱһȻҲ֪֣ȴ֪Ļ󣬿˵Ƕˣ

Ҷ˵šǺܲ򵥣Ȼ֪þɫ֮ǰЩ˿ʮǣɽˮﶼУΪˣǾͱһ棬ΪΣУǱֻûǿֱǸԵΣ

ҶǡͬҵŴԿʼʱҲǳԵģֻǵΣкǿûóȻȥѣ뿪ʼľ̽ǡ

Ϊ֪Σչ¶һ½磬˾ľôһ硣

Ҫǰ׼ҵط棬ǻʲô㲻ˡ

Ҷ԰̾ԭ۲쵽ġǱû࣬Լһֱû࣬Ѿ

ǷôˮȻգŴ۾ŬҪ

ȷӦ˹Ȼͷ¹Ҳˣٽžʷˣ̾ϢȻǺñĶǾӦû˭Ƴˣ

Ҳƺˣ૵࣬Բܻûôôı

ˮһ˵Ȼѵࣿ

Ҷͷ˵԰ͶˡˣǷˣ

ˮ۾Ź⣬ôҶӣɣ

ҶѾˣ˵һȡģ滹ЩڣȰŪ

ߣһȺ˾Ȼ֪һǳҵúúǣ

ˮƲС죬ܲмؿǰ档

˵ҶҪȡôķɲףҪҪһ֣

Ǻǣİɣ㣬һ˾ˣ

ˮҲæеǰ䶼ôСȻڻˣ

ҲҶȡأȷʵʲô

ҶͷʼһѤ⳯Ƿȥڱһ޴ع롣

ͬʱСǵ棬һȺѾ

ǵصʲôͻ

ϲģҲܾ㺦µģڷܻо裬⾯裬ǡǡ¼ĻԣЩǶĵ飡

Ũü۵˿ǵصˣһƬ䣬һֱıظֺһţԴģҶˣֻû뵽һӾȻðô֣Ϊ͡

ҲϵϣȴϵˣʮֵùԼôôù飿

ҲһʲôʲôеǿĴеħеûص֮磬Щ˸иĵûһġ

ʲôЩǼٵģһ֡󡱣еĶǼٵģ˵ȴֶģڻþʧȥΪǼ߳˻þΪȻѾʧȥˣ

ҶѾ͸ǵĹ죬ȻҲˬЩˣҲϣǾôƽ׵ԣȡĽ̲ϼӿš

ȡǣǧѣڰҶȴ쳣򵥣һƬֱӼģֻΣ쳣۾ɢһɺ쳣ĲȻǾ͸ҶһԳϵϵ



齥ʧҲȥҶִƣȻϢУȡǡ

΢΢ţȻһĹâ֮УЩǡ

ףǳˣˮе

ղţҶĺͽʱܵǿģֻܸеһϢΪǰҶɢģΪҶиĶʱҶȴѾȫȡǣעʱҶѾ浹ùͷ˳

ȻҶüͷæеСģЩѾħ֣Ѿʧˣ

ոȡǣΪΣѾ۵ı֮ԼֱͷųǵȴȻûаѻþͺħɥʧһЩˡ

ⲻħֻ֣Ҫǰѱ֮й꣬Ȼͺˣ£Щɥʧ˱Ե˺ܿܰĿڰҶһϡ

ҶôСĵͬʱЩ˵ٽһ飬ˮǵһֻҪʹǣǲǾܰǴѣ

ҶͷˮЦϣ

СģҶպ꣬ͳȥ

Щ˱ɢģҶ˦֮һʱûʲôӦˮȥֱǸλ˵ע⣬˿ˮΣֻҪˮܰˣ

ˮڳȥͬʱеӰ¼ʯ˳ȻЦżط

ˮɼҵΪߵΪ֮ĵȼһȥҲǺܶ࣬ʵȷʮǧ

ǣһ࣬һط˭ʤ˭ܣ˵׼

ֻˮطͷţеĹһͰ˺ͷתһҲûմˮϵؽЦţҲͷŵĸӻˣ

Ҷˮû⣬Ҳ˵ȤؿţҲһȻԽĴ򶷳ôߵȴû(



ڶһ ػ

û뵽طȻôܷӳôǿЦ˵۾ԶȥҲԸѧط

Ŀ굱ȻߵˣһѰǸʵߵˣ¹ͼҲѰңܿ죬˶ĿǸŨü۵ϡ

ô˵˭ϣЦʵ

Ȼң˺󣡡ֱӾͳǸ˷ȥ·¹ͼʶЦ

ܿ˾ͰĿϣЩһʵǿԣǸһ֣ͬʥ

ˮ˵ĶʷʿҲĶˣҲѰĿ꣬һԼʵܿ죬Ҳˡ

ʣź;ӣ࿴˿ͬΪ˳ˣ

Ҷ˿ЦǸ̾һɽˣһûзʸˣȻֱսΪĸ֣⡭أ

ˮţĶѾ쳣ǱˣǸ˵ûлָʵѾۿۣˮطǷǳˡ

ҶȻԽսģûΣգͰעϣԼ

ȡǡѾ˴㣬ܻûʵ󣬶ڷЩ˵õԼǳһЩĵãа÷ĸڶʱڼΪ

ܿ죬ǿʼСҲԽԽʡ

ȻһϢɢҶüͷһ壬еͣһ˫۾Ź⿴ǡ

ˡޡһͳʵɢ

ڳ˶ˣƿŨüˣػͷţʵ˭

ߡǵͳ࣬Ϣȴǿˡ

ҶǣеҶЩػǵĶˣ

һŵرػҲԼػߣֻ֮ǰڳ˯˶ûвˡ

ҶѾһԼǴʵӰȻһ˶Դ̽˳

ҶķԸæԶȥͬʱҲѸԵضˣЩȻĴҴܵҲ¹˱𴦣Ȼ˰Ҷߡ

ʲôʵղŵսϷˣûĶ٣ǰδ֪ļһȻЩˡ

ҶϢҲЩ˵ػǵġ֮ǰǶûзҪʱͳˣ

˵ز˾ǿЩ뿪˵

СһҪȡҶҡҡͷһֱҪʵʵ̫ʲˡܾô

סҶ˵Ҷ嶯һȻػӦϹޣɻҲԶԸǣǻǿЩ뿪

ҶȻҡҡͷ˵Ҫһԣ򲻹һģ

˵ţҶһ˦ȻͰԶԶ׿ˣͬʱԼٶ۳һĻ֣ԶԶظ

һû뵽ҶȻϢؾͰԼʵôǿ

ʵǰҶʵǿɣڻ֮УԼҲ֪ô£ƺǱЩطʹóЧã

ԣػļһһսΪȡǣͬʱҲǶԼʵؼ顣

ãǸһʹ˳һ￪ʼʱǳ޴󣬼Ǵ󣬵Ĳ룬ԽԽСˣȫǵʱѾǳСˣȻС֮ǰ˵ģڰҶ˵ȴҲĸҶô

һţǣͷҲЩţͷ۾ȴʮֵĴͷǳСǿףԶ䣬ë׵ġ

Σϴף׵Ĳȴǲ֪ĹͷҶܿͷϵ

˭֣֪Ĺ˵ȻͳһĲ

ҶеӰ˵ˣаҶ

ãһһĹģɣƺֻ֪Ҷ֣Ĺдϣ֪֮ʲôҲʱˡ

֣ȥһֲڵľòһʯͷԭʼĲԭʼˣʱȴһԵֵĸоҶоԼڱѹǴû顣



Ҷ˲ԭʧ˲õļ䣬ҶƺԼıܡ

һ˲ƹȥҶѾǹȭ˾⣬֮ƣĺ󱳣ǹƺ˺ֺۣȻֱýųȥһӾͰѰҶ͵Ϯˡ

Ҷڱߵ֮ǰٴʧβ˲ƣǼٵطɳۣһĹâԶһƬռ佻֯ܵĻ֮ˣԶ

ǹʮջƺûĶ֣Ȼֻ֪ܣ޾ȴ޴ӣԭʼһķÿÿڿճȭҲҲĿ꣬ʮֵķŭ

Ҷϲޱｻֵʱĵһĸо֪ΪʲôԼսʤĪȴİٱ

УҶƺ뵽ʲôʱ˼ʱֻܰעսϡ

Ҫĺܼ򵥣ǽķȻǱ֯һ֮ǰ֪ǳʱպϡ

ЩµĹâĲãţʥҲѣȫʱǾҲ뿪ˣ

Ҷ֮ôҲΪĪģҶǽŷִ磬ΪĶçײľٶ



ڰҶʱɽѾĶңЩõʼѸΧ̶̵ʱͼǾڵ⣬󲿷ֵɽȻȫУҲʽͷʱЩ֪ôµ𾪲ѡ

˭֪ǰˣû뵽Ȼٴ𣬶ôһѪȵķʽ̶̵ʱɽƺĳ½һ㣬Ϳ̿һƬǽ塣

Ϊͷı¶ҲһЩСֱͶˣǾãȻҸɽԣ϶мǿģЩСҲòֵˣɽѾ˰ڽɽ



ڶ˶ 뿪

ҶĽͣмĹȻϣԽȴѣЩ죬ͺһ˿һһסˣһ𲻵ܵȼ˿˿ţѵɡ

ﲻĵشţȻ֮ʼή

ҶûȫպϽƣͣ۾ž⣬˵֪㲻ػߣͬҲһ֣ȫշ㣬Ȼɣ

˵գ˫һϣҲպˣǹ﷢˻˻ȫʼðɫһƮǡ

ҶڲýƵʱʵĸоԽԽĵ׵ǸʲôˣҲǸģ˵ԼҲǵС

ͷʵ󣬵ıⲢǡ󡱣һƿʽЩȫеǣֻҪģǵʵǶôСȻѳû˿ģǼǿʵҲѡ

ЩˣԼĵ飬ĶòᶨˣҲˡԼ˾

Ҷ⣬࣬ȻжԲߣͷǸȷʵģͬʱҲŻþ˰ҶģðҶһĪ״̬УҶʽսĲ룬ȫĻþ԰ΣڰҶʼսȫþ֮ǰǵٴա

㣬Ҫˣ

ǿıҶҲŲˣֱǶ˵ļƷһҲܺܿгɣϰҶ󷨺ɾһ־͸ˣ

ǣȻһ󶶶˲СԭƴɽмСӡ

Ҷ۾ӻɵУУҶ֪ӱصġ

顣ټ٣仯

ӿԱ仯κζҶ֡ȻԻûɽľ󣬵ȻֻƣɽҲǷǳ˲ˣҪ֪ɽˣ۸ֻǵֶɽǲܱûأģ

ӱ仯Ķ󲿷õģЩֱָģе˸޴ӷֱ棬ס

ǣҶЩɥط֣Ӳܽɽ磡һɽ磬Ӿȫʧȥãֻڷɽĵطܷã֮硣

Ҫֻ󷨣Ϊѣ

Ҷȡ֮緲һޣҶܸеߣûаҶͬ⣬û˿Է

ûˣڰҶ

ҶתԶ󣬻ְܵĽɢȥ˵ûˣ

ȷʵûˣգҶ֪ⱾǸоյ£ֻҪģɻʣҲȡʤ

Ҳ̫ˣû˵

Ҷ֪ԼЦЦҲ֪˵Щʲôˣ𴦣Щ˶סˣҲ߷

˵Ȼðô˭˼

ˮҲ˹ˣȻֱ˵Ҷ˵ôûţ

Ҷεƿ˵㿴˵˼𣿡

ţȥû£ˮȻһЦ˵û뵽Ȼ̶ȣҵҲȲˣ



ţҲ˾ˣҵĸ֣ԸղŵǸҵ򲻹ǹ̫ǿˣ

ҶεЦЦѾͷȻô˵Լĸף治֪Ǹûؾ˾֪˵

ˮ˵ˣ龪һɣڣǴЩ˰ɣ

ôŨü˺Ȼ˵

ˮæǱ߿ȥеףˣ

ˣ֪λδǣ

ҶЩ˱ЩǲʱֵģܼΪҲܼӿЩ˼Ѿˣòټ־Ͳˣԣ໥˿ֱӻְϵĽƽˡ

˵ȻˣǾͲҪˣЩͬԼŰɣ

еһɣŨüһ㶣ʵ岻ǲõģ

ܹ죬ǶĪıסģ֪ʱ壬һѹһȺôԼʵ̫ˣң֮ǰֻҶˣȴȻðô

ˮĻһƲǻۣǲʲôҪǾǣǿԱˣ

Ũü˿ǿѾûˣԼѵȫߣǻ㱣ϼŷǳĽƣܶȻɰҶˣҲй죬˼ʱһԵļ˵ˡ

ǶһֻþУһʱᶼָˣԲŰǽģǸǾǻ壬Ѿȡˣ

ôһ˵ŨüвЩˣ֮УȻǻͬҲΣǼСģҲԸͷġ

лǰĲʱŨü˳˹˹֣Ȼܼ򵥣Ũü˵Ѿʮѵˡ

ҶסҪ˵ˮ˵λѣҲԵȻ֮ǰЩᣬǻǲµĺãڣѾͶɣ

˵ϵĽ֮Զͻ⿪

Ũüһ㶣Ȼͷ˵ˣ

˵գЩˣһطȥ

㲻ߣˮߺ󣬹Ц˵

Цͷ˵ȷʵǱЩ֣ƽｾˣǳԳԿЩС

ţ´μ֣һ֪ҵˮʹͷ

ҶԶŨüˣںԶһطͣǰרĵȴѣһ˴ôߡ

Ҷջ򣬺Ȼһּ¶ͷ㶣ָ

ôˣӾڰҶԱߣ˰Ҷһ˲ʧ

ҿҪˣ

ߣȥˮæʵ

ĪߵģղԼ֪еĸԵѾˣҲߣҲҴͳȥȥҾͲ֪ˣҶŸղŵһ¶˵

Եⶫʲôϵˮʵ

Ҷҡҡͷ׵Ҳֻ࣬оԼǳ쳣صطһ鼫Ʒɾȡôһ飬ΪԼóȥˣԼȥǾ̰ģߣҪĳͷ



ڶ ʵþ

Ҷûлشˮ⣬ǳܿȥˮʣ㣬ô£

ƺ֪Ҷ˵ʲôҲǺܾ壬ֻ˵ΪҶʱ䵽ˣټȥԣҪͳȥ

ôˮǲģú棬ŵ뺣ģϳҶǾˣֻǣڲûãҶȻҪ뿪ˡ

ˣҲ߰ɣˮ󻹰Ҷ֮䣬ûǸҶһȤĴ㡣

뿪ֻҶǻ뿪

Ϊʲô

ΪǸԵδ

ôǸԵ߲Ҳ

һԵļ͵ҲΪԵҶĻᵽˣͳòߣǵĻỹû˴УҲ߲ˣ

ѵҲǲ

֮磬ԣ¾Ͳˣ룬ƿգӵɽ绹Ҫι̣ҪƿգѰ

ˮһԵĿմȥһǿ󣬻еĿռҲ𵴲ѣȴûκ顣

¹˵ǲеģǿֻǰһռƣգ˵ָͨһ磡

ĻˮȫɥˡҶˣô죿

ûлش𣬶Ҷȴ˵ˣǿҸǲһ󷨣

ˮһ㶡æҡͷ˵ҲҪҶӣܲܰǴȥ

Ҷҡҡͷ˵ԭȣǿգѴҴ֮硣ڣȴˣƺҡֻҪʲôĶ϶ֱӱͳȥʱȻ



ʵҪʲô󣿡

ˮǳңҶˮ˵

ˮһ㶡ȻܲԸذѾǳ˳š

Ҷǳ˵ҿ϶⡣ڴȲҪ˵Ҳ꣬Ǿ֪ˣ

ҶɵһԣȻѾǳԶĿմȥţзɳһһǰĿմ֯һž޴״ԽԽʵЩ޴Ĺˡ

ǳڹ棬Ҷֹͣʱǳʼɢʵع⻪Ĺ֣ȻͺµĻѩһ㣬һڻ

˲֪ҶʲôΪʲôѺúõĽƲˣǲõĻֱӽ⿪ǣΪʲôҪþǳڣ

ɻʱҶַɳһʵӣոȡ顣

龶ֱǳ·ԡھǳĹ⻪УȻһʵϢɢЩϢԭλʱԶͣ·һ͸סƵء

ԼоȷʵһסϢֻǣ֪ʲô֮ǰڵĹ𣿿ɹ벻Ѿˣôͣ

Ȼ֪ǰҶǳвһ󷨽ṹھǳİ£󷨽ṹɫ˺ѲȥҲ֪顣

󷨽ṹ֮⣬оǶɢ֮о£ã󷨰֮ۼҶźòһ

ֻܿͰ

ĬĬһ

Ȼ֮ǰֵǸţͷĹˡ

ػ󷨰ɣҶ˵

ţͷҶȡ֮ȻӰҶһҶķԸ󣬵ӦλһƮǳ·һ֮

ˣҽԿҶЦ˵

ˮѾ˺þãҶ˵ˣæʵҶӣǸʲôģ

õİô򵥣

򲻼򵥣ԼȥԾ֪ˣһøߴһ£Ǿʲô֣ΪղҲˣõ飬ԣټ٣ǧ۾˼ȻǲΣյģгܲסģԶ㴫ͳ

Ҷ˵ˮԾԾԣ˵

˵ֱ꣬һ֮Уȥ֮ĿһƬɽˮȻǾأ

ˮɻĴȻԼеʹȻһͷ˼ƽʱûκβͬ

ˣҲôһӾͻؼˣȻЦˣЩ϶ǻþҶӶ˵ټ٣

뵽һӷϤľȥļҾշɳûԶͿһƮĸס

Ȼ֪ڻþУ׵ӣˮæк

ţ֪ؼңһԼȥ췣

Ŷ

ˮջӦ꣬Ȼһ԰ôϢȫһﵽǲǻþ

һϢھǶһ޶ģɽҲҲڶǰҪģϢûгɹ˵Ϣɽһģµģڣˮȴظоǰĸ׾Լĸףǻ

ΪǻΪеһӰ׺Ȼʵ

ûûˮæ˵

ﲻľأѵҶû˵𣿡

˵˵ʲôˮһʱתˡ

Ҷ˵֮ǰһʵþΪľһʱתԾԺҶǸһǲˣ



һֱ龫ֵˮһֱµĸ׺ⲻ֪ٵľԺˣô˵Դһ벻׵ʲôȻ䣬һľʱҶѾվǰ

ˮһ£ȫ˹ղžһӳеļ䡣

㣬ղһľģʲôģֻȥԣҾǰˣ

ˮ㶵ؿŰҶֳܿ˿૵ʵĻǼٵģ

˵أ

ˮ˵ղҶԻˣô

õʵǼٵҲģٺòˣҲõ߻ħǴģȸԣ

Ҳ԰ɣ˵Ȼֱ֮У¹ͼҲ˽ȥʿ¡ӡźʷ绥࿴˿Ҳ˽ȥ



ڶĽ ٻؿ

ҶǶ˽ȥʣˮһ棬˵㣬Ҹˣ

ߣڣˮһ㶣æʵ

ţͬʱҾ֪ҸˣֻΪʵЧǿǲòˣ

ˮҶϷĸ⻪ƺʱɢһּʵԺô㣿

һǵģֻҪغԼˣУɽңǿٴһȳȥҲ׳ԿγȥĲʱȻ֪ͨǣ

˵꣬ҶµĻѩһˣˮȥץȴֻץ˸գ󣬰ҶֻһƣǰҶ˵ĻǸĻ

ˮ㶵ؿŰҶʧĵطùƣ̾һ˵ģû뵽ôˡ

ҶҲôߣеõණǶǳĲȡ飬ǳջſܲܵõĶڤڤעõЩ󣬾Ͳʺڴȥˣֻ뿪

һ˿ϧҶذš뿪ͬʱҶҲ뿴Լᱻ͵ȥ



Ҷ㶵ؿܣȻֻصԭȵǸ՝磬ﲻǻ֮磬ҶطֱϢ֮ϢĲ𣬶ңʶ֮ƺȻ֮绹Ҫ߼һЩ

ѵﲻǱĵطĸҶѾٵɢҡɢʱҲطԼϢһɢһ֪ķΧ͸ˡ

յأʲôҲûУ

Ҷԥһ£ٴƿ뿪ǸɴѰһƬ֮ǾĴԼΪʲôεس

ǻ֪ˣ

Ҷѡһȥʱصع۲ܣ˺óʱڿյ﷢˼ƷɾЩɾƮڿ՝֮УƮˮеҶӣʱš

ҶûжǣԶֱͣἫƷɾ˼ƷɾЩƷɾƷٺãҲˡ

ͣ˼һᣬ㿪ʼ֮ǰǳķʼἫƷɾڻ֮пƷɾƺȻ֮߼ĵطӦҲ

ķҶͿ̻Уʩչʮ˳Ѹ١ʱҶٴγۻҵͼӰ

Ҷ裬γһڵͨϴξͨӵ֪λӵȥҶʶ̽ȥû뵽ǣȻһӵ

ֵͬȻ壬ڻлָţôͨĽƷеһȻ䣬ԼĲҵؼеһȫԭΪڼһӾסˡ

оһʱ˷ӦеٰȻѹסĲ

ƹҪԼ巴Ӧ֮æΪȻ֣Լ𶯵ϢϤǰҶġ

һ£ҲоһɺϤϢΪϢ巢ģʵϣϢȷʵɢأ

𣿡ҶʶѯʣΣͨĲԭֱͨӵϣ屾һ

εֻܴͨʶˡ

Ȼ㣡ҶҶҲܼ

ô£æʵһ㶼벻ףҶҵġ

ʵҶԼҲףͨҵģڼȻϵˣҲʱЩˣǣԼؽһ顣

ͬûףҲʱ⣬˵Ҷڻƹ

ƹҶһ㶣ȻȻһæʵ

ţ

Ҷ˵ͬʱҲԻ˵Ҷ

ͬһ㶣ȻϵϢȻɢæʵҶ磿

屾ͨԼðҶͻֱӶԻģ֪ΪʲôҶƺֻܸͨҲˣյУҶͻϢ֮⣬˭Ҳû˵

ҶҲŰʶȥô飬ֻӵ壬Ҳǰһ֣ȻҲ֪֮ض

ãҶͻͬʱ˵𣿡

岻ֱˣֻ֮شˣ԰ԼĲֳݣͬʱ˴

ȻҶæʣ

Ҷӿ՝ȥֱȥһ

˵֮磬Ҳ֪λã

֮У֪λܵĻܿʧ֮ǰˣҲԼʲôλá

֮磿ô˭Ҷʵ

ͻƹһˣƺɻʰģҵ

򵥵ػص˰Ҷ֮󣬱㿪ʼʰҶĽͬʱݸͬеĻ

Ҷ

ҶڵλԼҲ֪ûΣգӦˣ

ԼҲ֪ǲˣɻһֱҶġ

ûµģںܺã˸κβҪúչԼò˶ãġ

ΪֱӵضԻڵĴô̫ƽԣڿʼļ֮󣬽ƽͨ廥ིŷ飬ȻֱӽȴӰ쵽˵ĸ顣

屾ռȣڸ鲻ô⣬԰Ҷͻĸ齻û˿Ӱ죬ˣҶͻڰѸٴνһݻлܵѹ

ڰҶͻԳʱҶһȻȻﲻǣҲʯͷһĹȥЩ档

һҶĸ֪Χڣͷ˰ҶϢҼٳҶ߷ҶԶԶرоƣ˿ѷʥѹġ

ðҶеŭǣӰĽɵͨҡţƺʱ

Ҷæ˵ȸһɾ鲻÷ˣЩҪ

˵꣬ǹһ޺ðҶеͨһ󶶶ɢˡ

Ҷһ֣еȫɢȥǿҪ͵ɾҲ֮ɢһգҶŷĹֱó˺콣



ڶ 

ǲôߣ˰ҶϢ󣬵س˹ܰҶƵжǿȻҲһֿܣǾʵǿںҶơ

ʵǿҶڵһغУ˵콣òƼӲƤϻһʺĿӣĺѪðһҲ۵ֱл

Ҷһ뿪ԭأ㶵ؿòƺǿĴһʮɻƸʥеһȣҪǿһЩΪʲôôԼճ־˵ˣѵֻǿ

ԭȣҶΪһԼĽеŭڣ飬ķŭҲɢˣʼϸ۲һ

һȫϸϸƬЩɫȥʮּͣ⣬Ӵ󣬴׳βͣ˵Ĵ죬¶ɭôôɷ

ɢļǿƣʲô˶ΣյĶ֣еԵеûоͻܣ£Ҷĵһν֣Ͱشˡ

ģôͽֻǡұǿˣ

Ҷ˼ſԡԼǿ뷨ôţȻԼطҪһӰһʥƵļһ˳ǲܵġ

Ҷ򲻹һɢȥûзκοɵĶ

ѵô

ڰҶһʱȻһ㶣ΪȻſ죬һСɳɵϵ˿ڴȻС㷢ʵĹ⣬˿ڱ㼱ٵػָˡ

ʲô

ȻҶѾȥ۲ˣȴûС㵽ΪֻеĲ

Ҷص伮ɽ磬е޻߱һȻͬһ֣ȴ빲ǰľƺһˣڵСһˣءСһʳҪһɡ

ȻСһ󶶶ʵĹһԲɫĳ򣬽ģһֻƯĺˡ

ʲôΪʲôҪǣ

ҶȻڶԼ˵һ£ȻӦ˵˰ɡӦȹҲŶ԰ɣ

ʲôʱ򹥻ˣֻǶ棬ʲô

ҶǶĲ֪ҶʲôҶҲ˼˵ȻֻǺ棬Ϊʲôɢôǿƣҵģҵ

𣿶Բǲֻ֪ǵһʧͲˣ

ʧ

԰ǰҲиһĶ֡ǶûЩһĶͲˡΪŪǵʲôǲɢȫƣϢ

ҶƲƲ죬Ҳ֪ʲôһôһܲŹأ

˺˼ҶѺ콣˵ˣҲ֪ôᵽģȻ֮ᣬҲǸɣԲ˵ˣ

ҶǸǸһﳯҶ˼ǣȻʲôԣҶȴ˼Ҫ⳥

ҶӦǺͳһе棬ҪûòѾǸˣǾԭɣ

һС

һͲˡ

Ҷϡ棬ǽҲûʶһûĽʽԼȴһϤУѵ֮ǰԼΪʲôû˿ӡ

СѵһֳҶ˵ʲôԭ

⣬Ҷɲûشˣƺˡ֪θͣ

һ£ʲôطҶС

ﰡˣҵص̣СųЩ˵

ʲôطûб𣿡

ҽед棬֡šûУ

бû

СȻ֪ˡĸȴװҶ˵ءˡ˵а

бĴڣҶæʣܴ𣿡

ҶŪﵽʲôطԼΪʲôεس

ԣСشĺܸɴ࣬ûԥ

ϣСֳҶ˵

Ҷ˴ϣСһٶôô죿

ôһУҶźȻһ⣬ʵտʼǽʱǳȫûУ

Сһᣬ˵Ӧûаɡ

ҶͷС˵ôٶȣȫҲûʱ䰡

Ҷһ㶣ʵǾȫжǿ

ţӦҲôٶȰɡ

Ҷ˵Ĳȷа룺ѵʵô

ɢƣҶкɻ󣬲ǿ󣬾ֻСɢϢҲԲ򵥣һִϢζʼʲôϸܣᷢСϢ滹Ҫ£ʵϣСҲûжв

ȥ˰ɣҶʱ£С˵

Сų򣬴ɢһɵĹâѰҶסȻǱ㳯һȥ

ʼʱٶȺģٶȲȥҶ뵽տʼʱԼٶȣԭΪǵٶȱô죬ڿǷ˺þòӵôٶȵġ

뵽Ҷִطİ׹УȻ󣬴ٶȻ˽һҶǰСһӱ˦棬ڰҶǰ

Сûô˷ܵе棬ÿ찡

淢ˡšֻоܵѹüᣬٶȻȥˣûʲôҲǵһôٶȷУԣҲ˷ŵġ

Ӧòˣʵȥǿʵȴȫһ

Ҷе˺飬϶²⣬ͬʱҲˣﵽʲôطΪʲôôķ

˵Ҷص뿪ǻһʧȥ˰ҶϵȴǻһᣬǻǺ˽Ҷģ壬֪ҶĲ򵥣˵õȻ˵û£Ǿû£飬ϵǵģ

ţȻֱӽ֪˰ҶȻǻϲڷӻˡ



ڶ µ

ҶһɵԶҶ֣ܵԽԽأѹԽԽⲻĳƣذƣҶܸеصѹһͨ϶ᱻܵѹѹɷĩ

Ҷϸ۲е飬ܵѹû˿Ӧƺúܳ졣

ˣǰˣСȻڰҶؿڣҶ˵

кܶࡰˡҶСŤĻЦЦܲ̽ţĿǰûʲô

ַһξ룬ҶȻһæеͣһ£

Сһ㶣ȻϷĹ⣬ٶȺܿͽ

ôˣ

ҶһߵԶƮһƬһ·ϵƬɢŰҶϤϢ

Ǹҫģ

ҶԺиֳǸɫļһҫŽۣƬǽϵġ

·ҲǼǿķô飿

Ҷ֪ǸһʵҫӱϿǿ󣬵һ֣ǵĹƾԻɻʶɵؽҶжЩⲻǺ£Ǵ巴Ӧ

ѵ齻ˣ

Ҷпʼþҫ·ʵ϶򵥣ﲻǿ󣬿϶Ҳʵǿġ

ιôˣҶ˵ִ

û£Ǽ߰ɣ

ֵؿ˿ҶȻ˵˶ô𣿡

ҶȻЦǵͷ˵󲿷˶һְɣ

ͷкٴηɶԼҲٴڰҶؿڣ

ַ˺ܳһʱ䣬Ҷڿ˵飬һż򵥵Ĺ⣬Ź⣬ȴɢǿϢҶʱǾһһŹȻôǿʢ̫˼ˣתһ뵽壬Ȼ˼壬ĹҲǶôֵ顣

Źʶ𣿡Ҷʵ

⣿һ㶣Ȼʵܿ𣿡

⣿Ҷ֪ŹֻǺԼǳƺͷ˵ܿƮһƷɾϣ

ɾǲɾǹĴȻôԶĵطܿȷʵһƷɾȻС˵˼ҵĴҶҲֱ棬ʵ𣿡

ɱˣСܿ϶˵

С˵꣬ҶͿ⶯ˣɾϣ˼¡ȻλƵطǰҶߡȻٶȱü죬ҪǰҶ򡣿϶

˭ûһᣬͷɵ˰ҶǰǼٶҲȻֹ

⣬ˣҵصҵģС⺰

ˣ֮ǰһ¸ţʵ

֮ǰСظŹĻʡ

Ҷ˵˼һûغ;ҫ˵ӣʵǲ

ףС͹ͬʱһ

СŽеôģܽ̽𣿡

ǹȻû˵ҶȴظоɢСһѯζ

Ҷȴ

ɣֻǼ򵥵Ļû֮ǾȻ᣿

ػû֮˵ɽˣǸԪӤڵͨ߶ܰ쵽ǰЩǿƵȻᣡ

ҶִŵĹ⣬ֱͣںʹǰ˵ѧĻֱӽˡ

û˿ԥֱӽӴȻͨĻû֮Ϊ֮ǳ򵥣ԣǺܿϡ

Сųֳ߲֮󣬶ԼӰӣܿ죬ȫӰӡ

ö

ǹʹҲͬԼӻûãܿɵؿռȫӰӣͬҲ

ǿƣȥСɫû뵽ǵȴƵģ

Ҷ飬ɸôһۣȷʵƵģ鵥š

е𣿡һͻأڰҶ

ҶһȻǾҫ

ҫҶʵ

ûң

ҶĴɨţȴûзκξҫϢ

֮ĻңҪˣ

Ҷٴһ֪֮ĲֱӽгģĿǰҶֻ֪źܹ쵽û뵽ҫȻ֪

ҪģҲڣѾԭľҫˣ

Ҷ뵽֮ǰĽƬʵʲô£ôˣ

һµ磬Ķ飬ˣ

ô˵ҶüͷΪЩˣ

ǲûǿġ

ҫƺ֪Ҷʲôʼ֮ľ

ΧҶȴҶѣ֮Ǿ취뿪磬ô뿪֮£ֻÿ׼һ򣬾Ǳ߷ȥܲҵľͷ㲻ҵͷҲҪҵһЩõĶ

ǲ֪˶ãֵĵطȻҲ飬οЩʱǾ֣ΪǷ֮ǿƺÿʥеɻʵƻʤ

ûóȻ֣ǺСĵЩ齻ϵǣЩȥǳǿ쳣ĵû˷˿͵õǵĻӭǴǵľۼء

һǳľʯһһۿߵľ޴Ʒɾҫ˾ˣǵʶѾǿˣȴ֪ɾжЩ£ǵɾϣʱǾĪسˡ

ڳΪ˵ͬʱɾðϢ׷ӿ˵˸ûѵֻܽЩϢ

ҫʵǿҲǵһ꣬Ϣʱ̣ܶ˵ȴ˼һ۾ʱԼ˭ˡ

Ѿǳˣʱ֮ǰһУʱȴѾ˷ǣȻǾҫѾ֮ǰľҫˡ

ضΪһЩĿǰûԣҫְҶ֮󣬾֪ϵˡ



ڶ߽ 

Ҷҫѷ齲һ飬г𾪻ǻ£

һޱ޼ʵƷɾ籾Դʶ֮ݣӾҫУҶ˲ϵĸо֮ǰĹźһ˲֪оͿ϶ݡ

һҶҲˣҫΪʲôܷԼΪʲôһھͽг֮ģһ֮ԼĵطȻָơ

ϲҶ֮󣬱ҫϲ

֮ͨҲǿɻʵҫô磬ǱȳΪɻʻҪ¡

ϲǺǣ׹ӣ⹧ϲ˵ǡ

Ϊʲô

ʱǰһңʱұѾˣıʣ˵ʵ̫ͻȻˣ

Ҷô˵Ц˵һҪϲģ飬ڶ̶̵ʱ£Ǳȱ˶ģûʣǵľȻˣʱ뵱Ҳգ۵ʱ䣿

Ǻǣ鰡ɣʶȴѾˣ׹˵Ķԣڡ𵱳֮ʼȻǺ׼ؾ͵ڣ·ţʱעء

ҫһᣬ˵ǼӦ٣ɻֱ֣ؽ³ͷͷ˽ˣֻǣǸǻ˭Ҳ޷ԤϣµɻҲϲɣ

Ҷ뵽׷ɱԼɻʵ⣬ɻӦ٣ȴӦ֮һԵɾһ֮һ֮ǸǻɻʼǿҲûԤϵɡ

ιʲôСҶ㶵س񣬱ʵ

Ҷʱѹ˵ڸǵ֮˵

֮СɻתȦȻ֪ʲô֮

ʱҫִ˹ʱǶֻ֪˶֮ǲŻף

Ҷͷ˵ȥǰɣ

Ҷ䡣һѤõϼԶ˹Ҷܹоϼ̺һЩʱȴǳʵûһ˿

ףʲôСϼϷתţʵ

Ҳϼţ˵ƺҪȥ˼

Ҷ˵Ƕϼϰɣ

˵ţϼ⣬ȻСҲϼСֻ˲䣬ЩϼʧĸɸɾҶѾ͵˺ңԶĵطˡ

еҵز˲˲ɢðҶһƣŷ֣ԼȻѾһطһ֮ǰȫûнӴĵط

ÿ죡Ҷֻô˵

;Ϳˣ㻹ûأһµǷ



ûңû뵽ɣҲһ֮ˣ

Ҷŷ˵ƺûô䰡

û䣿˭˵û䣡㲻ں𣿡

Ҷ㶣ȻЦ˵Ƿ

ȻǵˣҲ̣ͨǶ̶̵ĽҶѾ֪˵Ըأһʮʵˣ֣͸һѣҫĬԣ˼ϸܣֻսʱ

ҫˣ

ľˣʵҲˣøˣڻûı仯ҫࡣ

˵Ǹ޴ؾʯ

ҶѾɢȴûзκʯ鶼ûп

ٺ٣Ȼ֮ģ֮ȴֻпãƹܵģ㿴Ϳļ㿴Ȼúŵ˵

ҶҲ֪ǼȻһˣԼ϶޷ΪУôŵĻ˵˵ʧĽݰ

׼ҵСӣǰ;㲻򵥣ڳһ֪֮Ȼ򵥰֮Ҳǳ˽֪ȴû뵽Ȼˣ

䣬ҶͿǰһƬ⣬Ȼ⻪ԽԽѤãܿ죬һ޴ޱ޼ʵƷɾˡ

ɾֱһƯڿ՝ľ޴½ɽˮ󺣣ľ飬߱



͹ͬʱҲҵض

Ҷʵôˣ

ôˣȵؽе

Ҳеǰӵİ

ǸմӴϼʱסˣΪǾʮϤֵûзһѣΪԼһƵĵطʱȻԶɾ½

һ£ǿԿ϶֪صطֻǣȫһˣʯϵĶȫʶ

ضʱԶݻģЩɲǻ󣬶ʵĶȫǵļݻģհ׵磡ҫ˵

ҶҲˣѹС͹Լ涼ôȣǴûЩЩȫģʱݽļ䣬Щȫʵ

Ȼǰľʯ½ɢһɼǿû˿ԣȴðҶȫҶȻãԼǰվһױȵľˣԼǰ϶磡

ˣ

˶˹һ𵴣ҶߵһӱóĬˣϢҲ÷ǳȶǹɼǿûܵ˿Ӱ죬ǣƺڽʲô

Ҷһ΢΢𵴣еԭȿ՝ƾճණϸ£Щ³ֵĶȻһĶ

֮ǰһ޴ޱߵƷɾʼֽ⣬飬ڿ՝֮зֿ̲û˵κ顣

Ҷг𺳻𺳣̺ܼ򵥣ȴ𶯣ƽ

УҶƺĳָӦû뵽Ҳûвǣеķͬ˱仯

佥ȶ·һӵõƵģƾһ޵䵴÷е鶼ǳ

ĸ㶵ظı仯ǰǲûжپȣǶ֪Ҷı£ǿҲǰҶΪԣ㶹֮ǱԼ飬ûΪ֮ǰѾ˹ʶûؿͲ



ڶ˰˽ һԵ

±Ҷ磬аøأҵԭʲôʲô

˵ӸĻԵ֮ǰõĶΪʲôʱֳ՝أ

Ҷվһ˼ţһӦţżȻ䣬˿Լ壬Ȼ֣ԼȻˡ

״ˣʱˣʧʱԶغһתʱҲһ֣ҲǵҶûע仯Ḷ́仯Ľ

ȻɾĽṹ࣬ÿһֵѪⶼɾṹγ󷨽ƣǿȱʮǿ󣬰Ҷƣһɱսֱʹˡ

ǿ⣬ҲܵĲøӴˣΧڵжչǰһָĸо

Ҷı仯ֻǾһ£ȻͰעǰ棬ǰľ޴ɾѾȫ壬С飬ɢڿ՝УеĽ˷Ʈȥеͣмλá鶼ش棬񱻶һ

֪˶ãҶ˾ҫ׹ӣõˣ

𣿡Ҷʵ

ֻǿʼľصԼݻǲʲôˣ

ŶҶҲܸоĲ÷ǳȶˡ

Ūˣ׼ҵСӣǲкܶ⣿ôȻǷġ

кܶ⣬ʲôط

ҶĻ䣬һʺɵǰ

Ҷṳ̂ϲʺ磬ǿ顣

Ƭ̺鶼˹

СųԭشתеҲˣ

˷ܣҶǸղŶյʲô

ʹҲȥͬ˷ܣҶԼɻ

شûʲô֪нˣǵˣ

ôȥȻ֪ණƵأ

öණƺұֻ֪ǸղŸ룬ôŻشš

ҶҲ룬ЦЦ׷ʣ֪Щ鶼ûֶΣΪԼ֪ʵЩȷʵǸոմݸǵء

ߣǸŲʺȥҶָǰĲʺ硣

ððСֱӷ˲ʺ磬˲ʧ͹Ҳ漴˽ȥ

ҶʧҲ˲ʺ֮У˲ʧԭءٳʱѾĳһɾ½ϡ

ҶĸǷΧѾ㣬ʱȻȫ½µ½ȴֻԭȵɾѿģԭȵɾͿ֮жôľ޴ˡ

Ҷ̧ͷͷͷȻɫ죬ɫƣһɢһ̫ٿܣɽˮﻨ㣬ʹĴţ仹бİҶûظ飬Ҳڴ硣

ȻҶ̧ͷŲԶһɽ壬˲ԭʧ˲Ƶɽϣҫ

һŲԾĹɣһʯͷӣĸʯͷӣʯͷϰˮɾƣ

ŰҶ

ҶˣЦǰʣµһϣȻԼƺԼ˷ֱӣȻӣ˵룡

һڰѱؾƺ꣬ҲֱӣһȻ󣬶Ц

ô˵Ķ԰ɣ׼ҵСӾǲһЦ˵ţȻƺֱ˵ơ

ȷʵһ˵ء

Ҷǵ֮һ˵ƺûʲô仯øˣ˾Ժ

ű˵ٺȣȻľƣɲȰ

ôһ˵ҶˣƸղźŵʱ;ʮֲܸͬеһ泩ԭسľơ

£һ֪˶֮ͣ

ʵСӣǲĻԵ

ڷܲµԼ£Ҷûж֣˵ͷ˵ɻܷȴøһ֮ôû磬ͬһ磬֮ǰһȥεر͵ԣǳɾʹԵҲ룬ĻԵʲô

˻࿴˿Ȼҫ˵ҲлԵ϶ģ˵Ȼһ֮컯ı£ȴҲ͸ˣֻ˵ĴԵֻСԵ

ʲôСԵ

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ô˵Ҷֱʵң

ҫҡҡͷ˵һ֮ǵǴɻܷԣʱڣǲ뿪ģǿ԰һЩ

һЩҶɻؿ

㲻ӵз𣬷Ա棬ȻķˣЩȻСȴʱǶܵõǿʵ㲻ҲԮ

飬ĲͬҲ֪ǿȥ쳣ǿʵȴʮСǣ뷲˽һĻɾͲͬˣʱǽһ壬ǿĴڣ

һ𣿡Ҷ˼žҫĻ

ֽ˵ģأƺ뷲һԣ㵽ĻԵ

ͨķ˽ϻΪ߽ϣҶʵ

ʵ࣬Ǹ飬ͨˣߣֺֻħͷϣʱһ£ϵЧãǷֿǣ

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˵ǻᴩԽŶȻ䱻ţҲֱһػؼҵ·



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Ҷô˵ŵͷ˵ˣ

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ҫվɽ±ߣȻһɵĲɢ˲ɢԶĵطҶ޴Ӳ׽ɵ̾Ϣһ֮Ȼǿ

ڰҶΧڣе鶼ٴγ֮ǰһڽŶ

һʱʱ䣬ҫתˡ

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ҶȻ۾ԼڹųУشл˺ŹųǣһļޣԼʱܱһ㡣



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ܿ죬ָе⿪ʼʶ漴̽˽ȥƾճನǸ飬£ҶȷԼĲǻˡ

ŹųǵȶһƣϯðҶܣԭλãڳС

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Ҷ˦ƣܣôʼԴĻҡ

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źҲϯضҶ棬˵ע

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ӦѾʲôǽѣֻһӦḶ́ɹ˽ҲӦµ磬ûжɹᱻµĨɱͬĵҲˣʲôˣҲһӦľˣûзľͲˣˣ˵ӦˣûзǲӦûѡûеڶ·ԣһжע

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ľˣûзľͲˡûеڶ·

ҶţģеԻһ⿪ˡɽһҲˣֻһ̡



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ܾúܾ֮ǰԪʱûɽ磬ûз䣬ûи磬Ҳû磬ǻ硣

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ʱķǿޱȣе磬еĿ˲նɱ飬ʱǻصģ

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˼˹ź½ĻҶһԻ絽ҪǰЩǿ鴴磬ƺҲнеģǵأΪʲôᷢ飿Щδ·ôģ

һڰҶԺи֣ǰֻ˼˼Լ·ڣôԶţԼ·ȻԵ΢ˣװŵѾĴˡ

·ڽ£򷲼Ľķеķչ磬Ϊ򷲼Ҳӵǻۡ

ǿʮ־޴Ĳ𣬵ǻ۵ĸߵͣȴ󣬷ӵдǻۣȥǵǻۣȻ֪ߵˣ

ź˵꣬ٴα۾ǵȴҶǿʼʧҪ˵Ѿ˵ˣʣµľǰҶԼˡ

ҶظųϵĻ䡭ǻۡ

뵽常Ľ̵Ҳӷǻۣһڼ̵ʱﱬ뷨ǻۣҶһֱҲ常Ľ̵˿СӷǻۣһֱΪԼĺܺá

ڣȻ֣Լƺֻõ˱ĶЩǻۣԼԶ

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Ȱ鰲׵ȻȥúһɡҶ˴㣬ֽȥơ

棬ǧɳɲܡ˶ڣӥնҲڣǿҶվ

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УҶóһͨʯͷܵˣûзʯͷʲôͬʥҲûвʯȴеͨʯͷϵ鲨

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Ǹ羫飬רԸʯͷΪʯ㣬˵ӦͷʵϣΪ͵ʯ˵ȷʵҽӴ飬ȴͬˣڣҸศɣһ𣬶˫кô

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ŹɵҶߣâɢȥ֮󣬰Ҷ۾

һԲ򣬰ƴССкڰɫζСʣۼǼƷɾڰ̫

ԭȣҶõ켫ƷɾУἫƷɾķԲӻ磬ԣȫԼɾ⸡Ҳòˣ̸ʯȫûϵڣʯȻóһżƷɾҶΪðҶһʱ

ҲкܴôģõԱһһɼΪֱӵʥʵ



ʯĻܵһζ֪ɼҵʥֻǲصĲֱӴɼҵʥžųɾŵ˶ᶯġ

ҶȴᣬһĴڣٶม飬ԣҡҡͷ˵ȵһ£

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ΪǳľڼƷɾĴ󲿷ֽṹѾ˽⣬ȻһּƷɾ嵽ṹϣ󲿷ּƷɾͬģֻһЩṹһԣûöʱ䣬Ҷȫ͸żƷڰ̫ɾ

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ǳһڰ̫Ҳγһûз֮ͨͨͨ󣬰ҶӵĵطȻǷ䣡

ʶ͸ȥ֮Ƿ߾סϷǣҶֻǿ˿û۲죬ΪܿҪȥԣƬջʶʼɾŨĻ֮Բӿᵽɾ֮С



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ֻе裬Щ֪ںδۻѹʱҶѾɢȥ˽ƣתźڰ̫

˲֪ʲôʯȴ֪˼ؿŰҶʵģ

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ܿ죬ҶĻش˿ʼĵ׷

ղҵĺڰ̫еĽṹû֮ģ

ܵ˶ˣʥŴ֪ͣ˵Щʲô

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ɽ磬֮ǣٸҲ֮ܰѹΪɾѹɾֻľۼ壬ƷɾǣһЩطɾҲǸĶŪһҲƷɾ

£ǵĳҶȻƷɾ⵽ʲôֶΣ

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һԵǧɳһ𾪣Ȼ֪ҶܹƷɾԼҲ˰ҶԲû뵽ŹȥáҶȻͲ͸ˡ

ǧɳѾע⵽ҶϵԲѾԼ̸ʱ˱仯Լûв͸ԲѾˣԲˣңǧɳҲ뵽ɾĻ֮Բͷŵģ

ʯضŰҶеĺڰ̫֮һӿɾԼģΪ֮ǰǿɾ̫ˣѾϢǰɾǳ׵׵ظɾûһ˿Ϣ

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ศɣҲţ

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Ҷô˵ʯźڰ̫ͬʱϷɳѤõعâи鸽ŵʯͷܣȻʯͷɷĩŹâУʯر

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ҶͷʯڿһתڵϣȻӰһڵʧ٣Ѿ뵽ȥˡ

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Ҷʯ˵£ֿܵǶԼЦЦ˵Ѿ˴УȻǾԵİȫд

ΣڻǸλ

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뿪֮󣬰Ҷ£ƣʶԲĻ֮ӿΪģܿ죬źǶڻ֮УΪźзԻ֮ûƮȥֻڹźǵķΧڹ

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Ҷͷ˵ҲżȷʵҪ뿪뿪֮ǰһҪ

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Ҷû˵ָ֣ϵ⣬һֳֻһȻϷõĹ⻪ӰɳǰҶһ顣

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Сţ˵ƺģ

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С˵꣬ҶǿЩа֮ǰĻǸЩйصġ

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ϣ˫ģҶҪҪЩΪҪϣһʱܽġ

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ʱķˣѾҶ֮ǰʶܲһˣΪĲȹ̣ؼĲŨЩȻûҲǿ׳ͳ٣ԽԽãսԽԽ٣ǰҵ۵ĶǷٲʢһƬ١

Ҷͣڰ֮Уʶܿܿ



ڶŶ 

ڰ׼ԷҶŻĽ̵֮󣬰ҶԼ䣬ؽӴŷǻۣٺرǿԼΪԷǻѾϤˣʵϣҲ쵽ԼѾ뷲ԽԽԶˡ

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һԲǱˣС϶

϶ȻѾ󣬵ԻǸԭ࣬Ǻʮ㣬Ҷʧ֮󣬾Ϳʼ

ʦܣôöûң˾Ȼôˣߡҿҿ϶Ҫú㣡

϶ûиһȥЩ飬ֻڼﾾŻ꣬СͲס˵ŰҶĲǡ

ʱСѾɵߣСڻзɳģĴš֪оͷɵ϶ߣ϶

ʦʲôС϶䲻ʦܣʵ

ʦܾǴʦܣʦܡҴѣ϶СϷҲһЩԵĶ϶ûаСҶϵһ

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Сų˵֪

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϶ҲӴ˰Ҷ֪С˵ؽʲô˼æ˵ðȻʦû˵Ϻжǿ󣬵ǴӴԶĵطǿ϶򵥣

ߣǵȻ򵥣һʦܴһأûСߺߵ˵

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Ȼһ޵ԽԽ

м˵Ĺ⻪ȻСӰԽԽأ϶С

϶ʼ⣬ŹأȻһ޵ĺȶš

ȫ֮϶ѾȫӣԭͺƯС϶ĲƣԵøأͷһȫɵĴǣػζţͷҲɢˣڼͷԭһ·ҲûˣһɫףװļƯֺӢˡ

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϶ĺȻ仯׾ͱ߲϶ǵһϵģ϶ϵĳɹе߶һΪǾã϶ͺһĴɽһһϢС

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ףо϶૵

ǰҲоˣҽеʲôְСֱ϶

ҽ϶ǺˣһһȥҴʦܣһѵ

ǺǣҲô룬֮ǰһûڸһ𣬿϶Ҫúýѵ

Ǻãˣû⣬ôѵأ

ţʲôⰡ



ûȫģһ֮ĵһ¾νѵҶʱЩܵǸȾǣٴΰĿЩϣңεĿ֮ǰҪȡ

ǵĿȣЩҲܵСı仯ڤڤУƺһСʱĸܴݸ飬ܸоСʺܣԣЩҲſһʵĻϣҲõĸо

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ҶڷЩʱȻеǺȻҵһ뿪ĳڡ

ǵĸԵҲˣ뿴Ǹ˵

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˵ӦòǸԵˣǳڣԼߵģǲҲûϵԵľˣӦֱӰǴͳȥﻹѡ񣡡

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Ҫȥˮæ˵

ˮ֮ǰҶ뿪;òڣҲȥ˵֮ǰѾø׶ףʱ棬Դӽ֪ΪʲôŰҶԴӰҶ뿪֮ôˣлȥȻҪ뿪ҲҶҲܻؼü˰æѰҡ

˿ˮֿ˿ˣ˵ʵôȥҲҲʲôԣҲ뿪ĺã

ѯʴңȻûԣһֱӽͨ뿪



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ʿæ˵ԣͨħܸо׼ҵϢڲѹħͷģ

ħͷ

ɽ˵ħͷɲǷħЩħͷħͷħǿߣǸɱӱ壬Щħħ߻ЩԣðҶշħħͷǣȫûԣǸɱӱ塣

ɽ磬Щħͷû𣿡

ɽħ粻ͬȻͨӣ˭ҲȥһߣϾȫһֻħܴԽ磬һӰ죬ɽ֣ħͷɽ磬˵ܵ˵ĹҪʴ

һʱҲ״˵СЩʲô

ˮҲ˵ֱȥ׼Ұɣ˵ҶҲħ֣ڰأ

˴Ӻз˿УǲſԶһƬ

뺣Ȼޱȣһ£ȴ˸ϿҲ⣬ȥ¶ڣһƬģȫûӰӣ͸䡣

ⲻǼ򵥵ħͷ֣Ӧħ֣Ϊʲôɽ磿𣿡¹άŻ棬ħ

ʷ૵ɻģ

˿ʷŽ֮ǰɽ綯Ĵ𣬰ԭɽ߰㡣̵ܶʱڣռɽطʷĻԶŨħƣ˵ǿЩȥ׼פأˡȥ˰׼ңҲŪ״

˶ͬ⣬ǻûɶԶͻȻһƬƣذΧסȻһȺģªڵħܣǡ

¹ܣѾע⵽ˣ

˭ħ߳һЩħͷʵ

˭¹ʱֱʵ

ش𣿺ߣɱ˵ţħͷһӣܵħħͷͳ

ųħͷæ˵СģЩħͷʵһǱǿߣС͵Ϯ

ȷʵ˵ǰЩħħͷУˮƽһСɫҲʵʮǿǿߣǾСɫȥԻȻЩǿڰ͵ϮֱĨɱ֣ļƲԲˬΣһ۾Ϳ˳¶

֮ǰǿ϶Ҫȱþӡźˮ󣬾˰ҶطڣڣֻΪģҲЩһ

УȳֵˮԴӰҶ뿪ܱһɾڿЩĵļһﵲסԼҰҶ·ǹɾһӱеʹţͬʱЩطҲС

ԣǻûֵʱܵħͷħͱˮһըɨزˣ

˼ֲˣЩħͷˣæ

ԶԶ¶ţղʻǸħͷɻؿʵʲôط

һҲǸҲǸǿߣͬɻ󣬲ܿ˵ӦǷɽħ縻ԣĶַ࣬ҲܶǸ֪

ߣȥ

ţ

ħͷһ£һһһħ̶Զħһ

˵СģҰ֣

ɱȥˮԼĹЧѾЩħͷˣٴμطʹعǰɱȥ

˼ˮֱӳǰȥҲϣֹͬϷųܵħͷҿǰ

֮ǰħͷһȺ˱뺷ٴδħһͷҰ׵Ĺâӳ˰գħеźţ˵ʮǿĵ˳ˣ

ΪɻʸħöһЩħħħҲӦɻʣΣǾɳħǿߣɽɽˮƽ

ԭΪɽ̫ƽǿ϶ܹ˺ƽսһǿ벻ǣճ뺣ͱ׼ҺͱѹסȻħãȴȻֻ뺣ǻֻǿܽɽ縹أˣԽԽħǿ߳ϣܴͨ׼Һͱҵķ

ղţħǿ߸մӺ³ͿղҰ׵ãħͷһЦ㳯Ǳ߷ȥǸմħҲ˵ɽ粻򵥣Ҹһԣû뵽˴뺣

ǼħͷܻħͷͷķȥôʱǴʱǺֱӽֵĻ֮٣˻Ȼܴ

⣬Ϊħźʮۣ뺣ߵİ׼ҲˣƷڿУǰƮżʮƷɾɾгһµ󷨣Уֵһ쳣Ӱǡ

ЩӦ֮ǰİɣȻܳ

ħͷӿǱߣƴһе⣬ָ·

Ƿ߷ʱֵ⣬ֹĴ͸ʮǿϺܽסԣָ·òģڵĽʱĽвǾǷʱɵģָ·֮ܰ˴壬ڵĽ⣬ɵģֻ·ûбá

Ƶ䣬׼פصϿվͳһֻ޴۾۾ޣȫɾʯɣлһġ

ģ۾˹⣬ħ۹֮һƬǽ⣬ת۾յǱߣΪָ˷

⣬ǸŹߣһ۾ϳ⣬æ

ˮǰ棬Ҳ⣬ֱķΧڣɱ䡣

ǼǿħͷҲ˽Уֻ·û˺ЩħͷҲ⣬෴ǾǴ˻ᣬϾڣǾ֪Щ˻ˣҲȵ

Щմħǿħͷǣܿͻ֣ᷢǶɽĹƻǺܲģ



ڶĽ ɱħ

ħͷˮٵطЦӭȥħģʵǿᣬСħۣԣˮҲںΪˮ֮ôٵǰΪЩħܡ¶

ЩԴ˳֪ʲôŽй

ħÿʱÿ̶ɱ¾ԣЩħǿǸںս

䡭

ˮ޲𹥻ǸħͷײһǸħͷҲһ£ܿסӣѪķŲͷٴι

ˮûעǸħͷΪܵħͷʵ̫ˣħͷʱħͷѾ뵽ˡ

ħͷû÷ŷָ׵צӣץˮӾͺҪˮһץƵġ

ˮʶطųطһȥƮƮĽƷɳֱӭħͷΪִ̫٣ֻ赲һ£㱻ħͷƣǿҵĳһӻˮˮ˺ԶؿҲһơ

һѷסˮ˵СģǸһﲻ򵥣

ˮͷϣеĺݾûз꣬ͱ۵ļһһ£ȻԸ⣬һӵ֣ееһ𡣷سǸЦħͷȥ

ħͷˮһӾͱԼˣв϶ˣˮûήңعԼʱɵ㶡¶ܿ죬Ҳ̬ӭˮعΪǺܿ˽ˮĹУħͷˮˢɳһӾͱ֧ˡ

˻ƵĺдħͷõغзŨŨħһɹһӰķ顣

ˮߣһġˮ˵֮طЩħͷħﲻ𣡡

ˮͷҲںħͷǲԼɱأֱתʹַΧ޲𹥻רһֱùĿҷ

Ч֮ǰõĶ࣬ħͷˮֱֻЩħͷеǿˮ

ˮһˣУ¹ͷŻ棬ħ棬ͬʱҲһ󷨣̶ȵؼħؽӴȻЩҲǹֶΡ

еÿϽмӳ֣Ѥõÿ˶еһɣе׷ӡ

޹˼ɵؽйʱԼЩħͷʱˣ˵ѹ

ӺţΪΪôߣֽеֵǲֻ©˿ԸӺ޹˼

ʷͬ࣬ҲרŹȻĹûôϬЧҲǹһһħͷȫסùһᣬһħͷжʱʷѾߵԶˡ¶

ʿ£ͨϵŰ׼ңǰ׼ҵˣȻ֪׼ҵϵܿ죬յ˰ƵĻӦѾɳһǰӦ

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׼˵Ķɵ˰У͸ϵ󷨿ǰ溣ϵˡ

ʵЩ˭ȥΪߣôôǿĹ˵Щħͷ

һԵİ˵ħͷǿҲ⼸˵ΪжߣΪǵĹַ㿴еҲᣬǷĸ㷢ȫһ

үүô˵ٿʱȻһЩʩչַûб䣬ʩչЧȫˣøǿˡ

зӳ֣߶һЩ裬²⵽

ҡҡͷ˵ټӳҲֻǸ˼ӳ֣ʵĸı䣬̶ֳȵģֻط

ط

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ͷ˵ʩչطĹȻѾˣѧʱ϶Ӧʿµɽ֮ѧġ

ɽ֮ʧȥţָһȺ˳뺣УЩУûзʲô

ϸЩˣȻע⵽ʷˮ˵֮ǰǵĽ·ӦȥģǴгģǼΪʲôҲһǱеģǱĵطģ

һԵİ˵ǼӦ֮ǰͽˣ㲻ʶǣǸŮĽһЩŮˣеģһз¹һм룬ǾɽĴεĸ֡

ָž˵Ů˭ֵѾʿ֮ǰϢ֪ţŮ˵ΪôҲһʿνģ

ֻеǳ֪ˣ

׼ҵ۵ͬʱѾӦͷˡ

Ϊ˶طԣЩһħͷɱƬײˣҲں̵ܶʱڴ뺣˰߰׼ҵػС

ˮһȻЦ˵þûôˣ

ɱһ֮ͨƵõ˼Ļ⣬ԭȵĻٴν١

¹ҲǴЦһ˵ٳȥɱأ

һͷ˵ħͷǲִӦսôڽȥһʲôħӶӲ

ǺǣֻǸпһ£Ǻǡ

˻ͷȥħһȻطôսҲ˵ڶϢһᡣ

ǰӦʿ˵ܿ죬ʿ±˵һǸҽפذɣѾǰźþ޵ĵطˣ

ãǾȽ׼Ұɣ¹ͷߡ

ˮæеʿ£ȥүү

Ҫ䣬ҶˣҶ

ʿҲ˵ˮҶ£ͷˮ뿪Ȼʧ˺ܾãǷǳϤġ

˵ǰȫ뺣뺣УһħڵĺˮУħħɭǣȻһˡ

һף˳ҲʮֿţʱһȺħͷѾԻ&#8298;



ڶ ̬׷

ܴˣ˷ǰҪúܣħĿɶǣҿ϶ɽĺã

ħȷʵɾƺãңеϢ۶ɶħû˺ħ֮ԱɾƺþΪħдԱǻȣһ֮󣬾þԵøӻζɽҲħƣһЩþ֮ռħƶɣħ㲻ħƣζ̫ûħƺá¶

ܴ˽ȪǺþ֮ˣ˴ǰħͶҲųûŪڣһڿڵƷ£ԺҲ벻Щˡ

ãþƣŴˣҿɲˣ

ȪеĶŴŵħͷȫжžţħͷѾȫˣɫɫɭˣʱڵͷëȻ

ž߶£ʱһħͷȪƵܴ࣬Ϊô౦Ժǿɶܺˣ

ȪȻľƣȰ˵ЩʲôЩɻʴ֮ѰģȸţǷģò˶ãиķ϶ǵħǿ󣡡

ãǿɶܴٴιٰ

Ǻǡ˵˵һϢ϶Ӹˣ

ʲôϢħͷͣ¾ƱȪ

ȪٺһЦóһС¶ⷨͨħͷ׾ܿ͸

ܴˣⶫǸģ

ȪЦ˵ϸţ

˵գֿʼһСذֻܵħʼӿԭȵ֮˳һɢڿС

ûһĹȪһӣؽƾȫɢʣµģһɢħħ

ħͷ۾ʱЩһѾȪʲô˼

žŹЦ˵ãáܴˣطǲҪǣ

ǺǣȻɻأȸǴˣ

Ȫղʾһħתطͨط԰ɱħ

һ˵ħͷǲʹɱϾɱ֮ΪģԣħͷɱҲֻܶɽ֮ǰɻʸħķ϶ǷһЩħʹõı

ڣħתطħͷ֮ҵɱҲΪУȻطתԼҲʹãЩħͷ˵ٺòˣΪھڽɽ磬ֻкܳʱҪȻҲиػõɱ

ܴˣٺȣ

һȺħͷһٴ˾ƺС

ʱһСħͷ˽ž˵˼䣬Ȼóһɫʯžſ˿ʯϺܲÿ¶

Ŵˣǲ鷳ˣ

žֱӰʯȪ˵֪ðǴɱһͨʮŵܳ뺣

Ȫһ鿴ʯϼ¼Ӱһ˵֮ǰ˵ɽֽ뺣Ѱ󣬺ǳֺ󣬾ûˣЩ˾֮ǰЩ˰ɣ

ž˵ϸùЩ˵Ϊ߰

Ȫͷ˵ȷʵܹ죬оȻһΪûеˣĹӦĳطӳְɣ

ž°ͣ˵һôΪ˶Էôǿʵ

ʲôطǿţǲҿ

ǺǣŴ˻СΪãɲģֶеģ

Ҳֻ˵˵֮ǰħ˾ѾңԼҲףﲻܴġ

Ȫʯ˵Щ˽˰׼פأ˵Ҫ׼ˣ

žǹһЦ˵£ǾˣǸøŸܴ˾Ͳ÷ˣ

ǺǣŴ˹Ȼǿ߰ػǽźȣ



ħͷȻûסˣھ֮ҲܿͷȥǱͲʤģ̺ôģһʱʤܸʲô⣬ħ磬ʤܸǳе£ǸӵĲں

ڰ׼ҵפУˮ˰䣬ԼϢķõݡ

ΪҶ

ţû𣿡

ҶӦڸɣ

磿ôһܵȥˣ

Ǻǣģò˶ͻģˮҲԻؼңһȥȥ֮ڵҶͬʱҲܸˣҪ÷ڵѾˣ

ˮԥ˺һᣬ˵Ȼȥɣ

˵ȻȥҲֻȥţȻٸŻҲǺܵļ״

ã͸㰲ȥ

һ£ȸ˵һ

ˮȥһ֮УˮѾЩ˷ǳϤˣҲǵԼõѡ



뺣طħݺ⣬ɽطͬս׷ɣһط΢һЩǾɽ硣

ɽϷ󲿷ƿأɽԭ壬ɽ磬ɽ磬ļ統Ȼ̫֡

ںʱ͵õɻʵĳŵգԣϷų˷֮ϷͶƽûطһƱƵͳΣ෴ϷĴ󲿷ֵָԭӡ

ˣڵϷͳ߱ˣ󲿷ֶû䣬ҲΪɽ˶ʼϷӿȥ

ЩˣʵǿҲûпɽֻԼѣǵĺܣ̫ƽĵطȥȥ߸ߵĿУһС˵

СԱ΢һЩŮһ˵ˣȻ˺ȥȴ޼ҿɹ˰

С΢΢Цţ˵ˣôɥȻ޼ҿɹ飬ܻڣ£Խǵʲôʱȥܻţõ𣿡

ڵĻ϶ϳС֮ǰͳϷǾȻֻһСʵȴɲ⣬ǾһҲûǾļƣͨУ˶֪֮ԼǾһˣǾǳá

֣ǾͿ̿Э֪ǱȻûбҪֹԣԼλˣֻӣԶԶ뿪Ϸ

ˣкһһԺȻСЩˣҲ㹻ˣ

˵գСŮһâסˣֱӴԭʧ



ڶ Ǿ

򶫱ߵһС˵СʵһҲڷ䣬Ҳеһȣֻɽ磬ôĶֻС

ɺǳɽ룬ȴ飬ֻһֽٵֲһʮ׺ݵֲ˭ͻñһ㷨Ҫ͵йǲݡ

ǧ˭Ҳ֪ҪѣˣһƬĵطȻտȴûж顣

ɺٵĵϣǾȴнһСԷԼżϢܵٶΪˣûʲôǾٵΪԼرԷ

Ǿת۾͵ɺϿգȻ󻺻䣬Ǿ˻С֣·һ󶶶һС󣬵ҲһСɽһСӵķӡ

ˣԺһŮʵ

԰ɽ綯Ҳֻյزܰ

ǾȻô˵ߵŮȴƲ졣

ǾЦǺǵ˵ԷȻСû֮ǰǹ󣬵ܹǸŵءѾ޼ҿɹ֮ˣŵԺǵļˣ

ǾȻȥֻһС˵̬޲˳죬޲͸©ŲɣߵŮ˵

СϣǾ˵ˡϤһ°ɣ

ǣ

ŮǾǣ㿪ʼ鿴СֲãǾһƽĺһԵǾ

ҵﰡ

һƬ΢΢һһݿʵ˴˳

磬ǹⲻë֮أǾ£վںһԡ

ǿˣַʲô˲ġǾ˵

Ǿҡҡͷ˵Ը²˭۸㣡

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Ǿ˵ǰҶү룬ɽľͨĸ֡

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ȷʵҪһ㣬׼ҵǸ̥ˣ

Ǿ΢΢һЦʣ޳أ

޳Ҳһλ֣ûѡ

ʻӿЦһ˵޳ʲ֮ǰ¹ɱˣ

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˵ţǾóһСɵˮذףԼָһһβɫѪҺ˳صĺϡ

˲䣬ʺΣʵӰ治ϵػζ

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˰죬ָԭ״Ǿ磬ǵȴ

˭ϣǾĵһ仰ǣ㲻

ţ

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Ǹģ

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˵Ǿ¶һ˿ƤЦ⡣

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ȻҲ֪Ҫ£²ףĿǰһƬãҪΪҶ֪١

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Լַʳˣ黹Լ˷ģ㻹ǿȥɣʱˣȻʲôҲ

ˣ

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Ǿһ֣ţ˵ʮ֣˭ҪȥɻŻңɻҪĸɻʣǾʲôϵΪʲôг֣

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ڷ䣬Ҷ龳֮Уʶû˿ԼǷĶʶһ顭

ʱҶԼһͨũزٳżĶأƽӣ䣬Ųݿݻ죬Ȼ򵥣ȴ͸Ȼ͸Ŵ

ʱҶԼһˣűӣ򽻵һһĵʧڼ򵥺͸Уһֱ

ʱҶԼֻһƥŻˣݣУֻ˵

ʱҶ־ԼֻһשʯذǧµĲɣ



ҶûҲûʧȥʶڰ˯֮䣬һ򷲼

⣬ϷѾЩһڣϷȻûжٱ仯ȴȫͬˡ

һָ߸ϵζ˶һĸоڣҶƶû˿ʵڵʵȻɢϢ

ֳǿĸоͬʱҲŰҶĵΪ֪Ҷٴʱ뿪ȥչʱˣ֮ǰģǸԼùϵˣΪֹûһΪ뿪磡



ڶ߽ 

ҶһȻͺķһٶ꣬һٶİ˯࣬۾ʱ۾ûйâվʱҲûɢƣôƽƽģ·֮ǰƽһҶȫˡ



Ҷһƶ˿ԼϤİķ䣬ЦЦתϷȥ

̤ϷķΧҶͿħͻħƶˣȴǰ˶˺ܴı仯ħԺļǣҲһɺ磬ȥݣħһų򣬺ȴǵɫġ

Ҷһ֪ѾЩˣڿȥȻûʲôΪоϣȴһĪơ

ҶųһЩϢӦ۾

ħЦôҾ˵Ƿֲǣǲע⵽ģ

ħ쿪ȣҲ˵ӵΪƺִˣڣ㿴ȥһˣ

ҶЦЦ˵ҵΪЩĻ֪Ķˣ

˻࿴˿ƺûװҶ֪ʲôҶһЦ˵һЩʱ䣬Ǿ֪˵ʲô˼ˣ

Ҷ˴㣬Լ飬Щ˵ԼȫܹգҲһ֣ǵ˵ٺòˡ

ӡǿɶֵһٶˣʲôʱ뿪ħʵ

Ҷ׼ˣҶʵ

ЩѾȫҵ˽ϵˣҲȫ׼

ǵ׼ȷʵ㣬н˶ۼһһϷʣµĶЩûжΪˣԣΪ˱֤ĵͳɵ飬ڷȡµ˵ӡ

ҶһøЩһʱ䡣ڣϷѾ˴Ѫ֮ǰȫ˰ҶõǸ֮СеضˣɵشҲ׵ڣǶû˿ǣȫ뿪нС

ҶسǰɣħͰǵľҶ˵һ飬İҶֱͷ˶ð£Ҳ࣬Լһ˲ĵػ϶æ߰㡣

ǸħһѶţʱ˷춼Ӱ

Ҷ΢΢ɨţЩ˶ǰһˣ֮ǵΪûжٱ仯һ⣬ÿ˿ȥĪ⣬ʵսĻҲĻ쳣ǿ

ʦܡ϶ϵѶţ˲ͷȴǰҶ֮Ǽ˲ɵ˰Ҷߡ

һٶʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ڸС۸δðҶͬʱ˵˫һٵʶҶգǮҲһ𣬶ʾ˶԰ҶĲΪôʱҶҲûôȥǡ

һȺԲߣҪҪѵѵҶģڣ϶Ҷǰһٶ۵ĶȫԺֱӾ˽˰ҶĻ

϶Ȼ˽Լ޵ϡﻩðҶһͷֻۣ϶ĺ󱳣˵Сʦ㣬ǼûˣôһͿް

ҶѾˣ϶ϵСԣҶ˵ȰȰ

һ˵ҪȰԼȰ£

СĿһǰȫһˣҶɻʣС

ôһ겻Ҷǵˣߣˣ

һ꣬СһȺŮߴߴ飬ǰٵ֪Ҳ쳣ƻˣڣһȺŮ˶ûлۣСȻҲûѧ

С˵ҶȻ뵽Ӧܵ˷Ӱ죬ȴ֪˭Ӱ졣

ʱһʦܡ˫Ҳˡ

˫ϵǹ⣬ڣ˫ʱʱ̶̿ɢʵĹ⣬ԵʮֵĲУͺп˶һ

ΪҶĻѾ϶ռˣ˫û˹ȴס˰Ҷĸ첲š

Ҷڱ˸ǰһλߵ̬ȣͺźųУһ߸ϵĳ֮ͬ䣬ȴֻһʦܣԣʦָͷҶֻġ

ʦ㣬ʦ֪ˡ

֪ˣ

Ҷ˫СƵζæ˵Ҳÿǣòȥǡ

ô

Ҷ۾һתʵʦ

˫˵ǲҪȥɽôˣ϶Ҫ˹ԣɽһҸ

Ҷû뵽ȻҪȷʵҶЩ˴ɽ֮ҪҳһЩ˹Щ˶ɴУԭĳЩɢҲߵ˹Ȼ˫Ҫֻܵʱˡ

Ҷͷ˫֣֪ԼôҶҲʹģҶֻԼģҲȷʵܸˣҶôϡ

ûһᣬɵʦܣŋ춴½նԪҲˣɵƣǺǮᣬЩǰҶϤˣҲڷͬ顣

Щ˶ΧŰҶ˵ܵط㣬򶼾ظ΢ЦЩ̸Ц

ҶȻЩ˵ȴҲעܣҲӣԭͳȻ欵ʱǵ˼£ͷɫʰ쵣ҲһֲӣȥҶķһ

Ҳб仯Ҷһһȥ棬ȣҲ˷ܣЩȻûжΪѾ߱˼Ǳͺ˵ģƺһԣǽ֮󣬻ᱬ

Ҷĺڴ˴ȥ֮ӣҲ֪Щ˴֮Ҳ൱ڰսһ뷲Ƶֲͬսսо󣬳󣬶һĿȻģ֮սЩֶȫòϣѾһֲεսˡ

ȻЩ˻ΣգҶȴҲòǴߣڣȻȥȹ̷ʢ˷İҶ֪ЩֻΪԼû£һԼʲô⣬ܿͻȫɽ磬Ʈ֮в֪Ľ䣬ʱϢͻ٣Ϊһ磬Ҷûа취ΣֻӲͷƤȥЩˣΪԼҲΪ䣬ȥ



ڶŰ˽ ɽ

죬ҶԼʦĸҲˣ䣬ҲѾԪӤҲǸˡ

ڶˣû̫ͷԭӣĸϣҶ˻ӰӣǣһȺͬ˵ͬʱҲֳһ˿ʦĸ˵

ַ֮βģһٶʱ䣬˷ֱ仯˷У˵ȫһ飬ҲŬУ֮ࡣ

ʦĸһ㶣ȻܿҶ˵Ҷĸ˻飬ȻҶûи棬ͨҶ֪ûʲô⣬ڸһ𣬰ҶܷģˣҲοĸǰġ

ĸȻģǿҶıͨģЩǽӴн磬ӴЩ߸ϵǣҲԽԽҶĵλ֪Ҷı£Ȼʱǻǻᵣܿ죬ǾͻΪ֪ԼŮʵ

СӣڼҳˣǿЩ߰ɣ

ڷ䣬аҶСӵҲ˾ƣ˾һڵףȴԵ䣬һָѵĸоðҶǾȡ

˾ԱߣʣҲˣֱֻ۹ؽڴ̣չĵطԵ쳣䡣

˾ƴĻҶҲͣ˵죬һһˡȻЦ˵ȻҶǾ߰ɣȵǰȥ

Ҷ˵ǳ֮У֮ǰ˻̫áеΪܽ룬ԴӽЩ֮˶Խ롣ڣ˵֮ͨѾûжˡ

˲ɷ˵أֱӳǴȥȻСװ˼ҲʱԵЩӵڣ˿Էšûӵ

ǵʹ׵ˣ˽µǶ˳ΪǵĳǰС

µڽյԪӤڣΪǰнֻţȻʾѣҲֻһصӣûпܳΪһ쵼ɵڣڵϷ˵

һٶǰڷҵһӣԭȵȫЩˣҲ˵ǶҪɽ磬ھûˣԣʼµ˵ӣʼеҩΪȻа֮ӣʱΪ˷ĵͳҲֻˡ

ߵħߣ룬ֻǸħħˣڼߵϽ̵£ΪӣҲ൱ԪӤڵΪΪǰʲôǣڣȷʵԳΪħĴߡ

ڵħѾǰһڰҶֶεӰ£ħǰַȫͬȷе˵ڵħ˶һЩԸر𣬳ֹ֮ˣǶɥĲħͷǰЩħͷҲָΪ˵ıԣȻ֮ҲѾȫͬˡ

֣Щǰһߣ¿ɾͻϿˣǿûӹˣ뿴Щеǰǣ̾һ˵

ͬеصͷ

ǵһʱˣֲܣȥְҸû˵ĵطú֪ԼȻҪΣͦһʱ֮ɣ

֣ǰǶҪŰǰһȥɽ磬֪ʲôʱҲһȥ

ǺǣĽǰɣ˭ĽҲ֪ǰȥսģɽսȻ֪һΣս֪հ

ǺǣģаǰڣǲЩǰյģʦ˵֮ǰǰǲǷģΪ׵İ취ǰһֱҪ󣬰ǰӦʵģʦ˵ûһʵǰǲμЩսģ

ŶЩȴǲ֪

֪ҲǾͲΪǰǲˣţò˶ãǰǿʱǷؿصӣʱҲܷЩרˣ

ţ

Ϊһ䣬ǻ϶֪ʲô£ԣҲףڣЩǰǣǸλÿ˶ԼΣǰȥɽսǾҪúغ÷䣬÷ʲô⣬ҲǰǷ뿪

˵ͬʱҶѾʼе֮ԽԽŨͬʱҶԲų˹Ļ֮ЩΪЩ飬Щ֮Ҳû˿ʡ

λٿһɣԺһʱ䣬Ӧöûлٻˡ

Ҷÿе߶۾⿴ȥ⣬ɽˮһߵס

Ѿ׼ãһۣǵҲȫˡ

ҶٴηӵϿճһɫĿնһ£ֻе岻ûеֿǹԼֱϵĺڶȥ

ڶӵǹźųǣųȻ󣬵װЩ㹻ˣЩһȥҶܸоڶȻɢһظϢ

ҶЦҲˣİɣġ

ʱ䣬Щ߱һգҶ°еĻ֮Ȼվ⣬µǡ

Ҷ˷׷ǰҶ

Ҷ̹ȻǵȻ˵ɾƺڿԷΪٵܲˣɾƺҪСʹãҪ̫ļ

ǣ

ˣȻǵǰǶˣҲ̫ģúù÷䣡

˵꣬ҶֱʧڿУѾͨǾصųȥˡ

˶һ

ˣҪԼˣЦ˵ȻһȺˣʼԵÿյǡ



Щͨڶ˴ͨܿͳڹźųС

˾ǳǰģ˶ǸߣȴֱӳϷɣܿͨͨ˹ųС

վȽţͷŨ쳣֮ȷǸҪŨ񴿴Ķࡣ



ڶžŽ ھ۹ų

ͷȥֻͷԶǷ޴ʯͷһЩӲɣʯͷӡ

ɽģԣӦС˵Ĺųǰɡţţˡ

˾ưѽɹȣųǰ˼۾ҲĴţǺ档

˭

˾ƺȻһСģˣշˡ

˾ϸСԼ͸֪ȥǸСˣֻԪӤڵԼߵĲ֪ٱ

ǺǣǰǸշˣСӡ׹ģ

Ȼǰȴûж𾴵ӣģС˲û⡣

ģС˾ƺԽԽˣ˵ôô͵Ϊ

Ǻǣǰģò˶Ǿܱǿˣ

ʱԶַһˣǶɲʥǽյų

Ҷ֮ǰϢһһٶ꣬ڹųѾԶǸΣյĴˣʯ㲻ʱ£ǲʯ򸡽ȥҲػָػڹųǸ

˾һǾͲˣǲû뿪ԼλãɼǿԹ鿴

˾ƵĻʥˣڰҶĴ㡣ǼҲжţһ˾ƵĻˣ֪ҶѾʼѷˡ

˾ԱߵǸС˺Ȼһ˵ǿȥΪܵͣô˵ظоôְǵӡ

˶𣿡

Сɽԭ壬ɽ磬֪Σһʼֻע⵽˾Ƶ˵Ϊܵͣϸ˿ǶɢһɺֵƣԼҲʲôٶ

ٺ١ر˵㡣󲿷ַ˻Ǻģǰò˶þˣ

С۾ɻ󣬲ǳˣȻС˵ȻǾɣҪĻ֣

˾С˵ָ˿źǵشӣЦ˵ġǶȥͲ۸۲㶯ֵأ

ô˵С˲ЦЦ˵ɣˣ

˵գ㳯һȥ

ɲվڰС

磬Щغ֣ȥΪǳͣô˵ĸоȴǿ󣿡ֵʵ

Ҳ˵ǿǣƺֹһӦǸĳһģֻǣ֪ʲô飿ĸȻôǿƣ

ʵƣûиоƣֻеһѹָУ

ɲشڶڷӡ״̬ûʥΪǸоǵƵģȫ⿪ӡ֪ȻΪܵͣÿ˵Ϣһʥ

ô˵һԴԴϳֵˣÿѹָУⲻ˵Щ˶пʥϢ

ôǿˣ⾪ȵʵ

˵ЩʵǷģΪҲǳͣǿ飬֣ôǿ󣬲ܲɽһۼôû˵ôǿôࣿ

ɲ˵֮磬ж

ֱϵǲ֪ҲûʲôЩĳ磬ЩǴģΣյģ

ɲȻƽȴҲ𾪲ѣԽԽˣÿ˶һȥûжΪȴɢżǿƣЩȻţ֪һ⿪Щ˵ķӡǾͻᱬ

Ĳ֪ôǿ飿ɲֻѯš

ܿ죬ԽԽˣǾЩշ˵ǿ󣬶Ǿ֮࣬飬Ѿˣ

Ҳһڿˮ˵磬ֵܣǲҪͳһɽ簡ôˣ

ɽ˲࣬Ҳûô˾ۼһ𣬶Ƕ֪Щ˶ǼǱģҶȫ˵ͳһɽ磬϶Ҳܰɽ÷ظ

ɲҡҡͷ˵˵˼ô֪

ڲ˹ˣ˲ŻһʵжʲôʱܽĽˣǷЩˣҪ͸ˣ

ܿ죬Ҷˡ

ҶֺȿľǶǼԭȵ䣬Ǽ֮ûĴ߶ԭصȰҶȻǼҲע⵽˰еļˣΪ໹ϤɲҲעϣǲûоǡ

Ҷһ֣ɲ˾Χ˹Ҷվм䣬ˣøǽһ

˵Ҳ˼ǧ꣬ڶɲЩмʮϼһ˵ͷֻĿǰ£ɲǲûбֳٸ߸ϵƣ˰Ҷԭ⣬ҲΪǴʱɢĹơ

󣬶ɲЦնҲնǿǱˣ

ҲЦǰĻǾһˣ

ʲôģڴҶŴˣһˣ

˫Ϊرԭ򣬵һνӴĸоܺãҶҲܸ˿ľ棬˵Ȼ˵㣬ųǵĿռ仹ܳܵģһʱӦӦҵʵĵطһ᲼һȻҶȥУڿʼǶù˼Ϊˣжöٶȣ

Ц˵ǿɶס˾û˹ƣ϶һģ

ߵҲ˵Ļ£Щò˶ãǾͻָȫΪ

Ҷͷ˵Ҷ谭ңѾȥϰˣ

䶼ͷǵٶвʣ㣬֮ǰΪħʱѾнˣڣȴȫаҶı֤϶ᳩͨģ

ҶԶǶεٻǴ˻ȻߵĲʮǧﻹ࣬ΪԭǵĽûжϰ෴˻رͶԵ˵Щȳĸо

ҶֿŹųǰһƬĺƴ󸡽磬ǰǸĵĵطӦܹͣλãЩڷɵʱˡ



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ҶһЩ鴦֮󣬱ԴӹųзɽʯȥҪ̽̽·

ڷһȻΪûжӣֶκĳЩϣҶ˳ĳڣûʹųǣҲںޱ߸иӦųǵλã԰Ҷ˵ʲôôֶΣһȻȻĸоվڸߴȻԶһ

ڣҶȫĸʯ֮ǰĸȣʯ˶ҪҵĶ࣬һХֺХȥЩʯͷײһɼΪ˶ˣټ룬ʥΪ˻Σա

ΣյĵطлҶյѾ˺ܶԭһ޴Ʒɾ󣬰Ҷǿ޴ľȻȥá

ǰ˴Լʱ䣬ҶڷһصĵطһȥЩУʵȴС

һ¶ǿյգʯһƽĿռͬЩʯҲתλòУһ޴ʯͷʯͷȴֻǻƶ

ҶĿһ£ʯͷʮųǴ󣬶ƽ͸ŨŨԡ

õطѹų㹻ˣ

ﲢǹųǵıؾ֮أҪųǻҪԭʯƫƳԡҶط֮󣬱ظϣȻŹųǡùųǳƶ

ͬΪĽڰҶƹųһ˵ĳ죬֮ǰҪķ񣬶ڣ׾ٵؾͰѹųƶ˹

˴Լʱ䣬Ҷڰѹųƶǿ޴ʯͷϣŹųǽʵʯͷ棬ųǵ󷨷Ҳʼ˱仯ʼʯͷϡγһµķ㡣

ҶǵҶԱߣĿռʵ

ѾǸˡҲֻиſľ޴ʯͷǽʱ䶼ҪͣˡҲܲ󷨣

ϵһڿȸ飬ϴ߲ʵüҲѤĹԡ˾÷ǳƯ

Ҷ˵⸡վСҪôܳȥ

ǺǣİɣʱǾͿųǣһӾܳȥˣ

΢΢Ц֮ǰҸǻǸô뿪أǰ˵ų뿪¶ˣ

еǰ㣬ȻҶй㣬֮ȴгƺҶЩ

Ǻǣڻʱһ£ٹЩʱգɾȫûϢˣ

ЩԴų֮󣬱㿪ʼΪٶȿɵһ㣬ٶ£Щ߼ûʲôѣ֮·ǰδеɣҲԵʮУѾ˰Ҷ˵Ȼǿ϶ΪԼ߻ħˡ

ûϢãڷʱѾϢˣϢһʱ䣬ܺúһÿ˶ģ

ǿڵе㲻һɾ͸ҲûС

Ҷһᣬ뿪ˣҶҲʼһֱ㲼õ󷨡

ӵ飬ֲǳҲһֱ˼ţԣڲ쳣

ֱӰóƮڹųϿգȻԲų֮ţͿʼϵش

󷨵ʤҶϵͷţ˰ʱ䣬Żͷϣʱųǣǿ޴ʯͷŨŨػ֮ţԶԶĿţͺһš

Щֻ֮ҵв⣬Щÿһ˿Ļ֮һ޴žɾĽṹԣҶͷϺ󣬴ܵĸռͿʼԶ˽

һͲõ󷨵תҲòά֡

ЩֻǵһҶ˺ܳһʱ˾ſǳȻֱУΪ󷨵㣬ҶֱʹüƷɾģɽ缸ûУɻҲݳޡ

󷨵Ĺܺ㶼ϣͷõ㿪ʼɢ֮⣬ŶͬʱбҶǸҲ˳

֮ǰ˵ȫշ֮ɣڣѡˣ뿪飬Ǽ

ǹţͷȻˣȴܸ֪棬Ҳ֪Ҷʲô

ڱһ֣Ҳ֪ʲôҲ뿪ֻҪ㲻ūңһģ

û֮ǰֺݾ˵ĻҶЦ˵Ȼū㣬ҵ֮һɣ

ɣ޴۾͵һװҶ˼ڵǰȥɣʵȴ󣬰ҶշҲֻǴнӹĿȨڰҶ˵˼ǻ齻ԼԺԼˣںˡҲõı˭ūˣ

ãһҪʱȫԸ

˵աȥΣűøˣҶʼطһһʵС

ͬʱЩǳʼӸԵáһ˸Ĺ⻪Щзɳת衣ģԭشſʼٴγɢЩתĸʯҲ˽ȥΪʯͷûʶԣûʲô쳣״

һж֮󣬰Ҷ֣һ˵ˣھͿЧˣ

ҶתصųУųȻҲЩʣȴûκλȫ

˾ƵһҶȥΪѾӽĽ׶ˣԼò˼飬̶̵ؼʱ䣬ȻΪԼҲš

Сӣ¶ͷˣ

˾ǰãһʵ飡

Ҷһֱ˾Ƶ߶ɣһԣ˾ǰʺϡ

Ҷػ˾ƸΪ⣬Цʵ飿

Ҷ˾ųǵػ֣ųǻ棬֮ʮֵŨ֮Ҳ쳣㣬˾ʱգ۾ȴôܿܵؾ

ǰ÷ˣЩǿĶǰ۾

˾ӰҶĻ۾

Ҷִһ˾Ƶ弱СȻʧ١

˾ƿȥûӰڰҶУȴܷ֣ʱ˾ƷǳСͷҪϸС

ǰˣﶼǻþǰҪСģֲס󷨻Զ㴫سеģ

˵꣬Ҷص˳С

˾۾֪ԼСҲ֪ԼںδˣĿĲ֮⣬һƬ֡

ǡ

Ȼ֪ǻþ˾ƻܿ죬ЦﲻСʱ·С

СУ˾ƽӴн磬С֣Ժҵн磬ҵߣ

š

˾Ƹ߶ͷԼû˿ھͷ·ǵʱǸ˾ƣͨͨһС

ظԼ壬ã˾Ƴ̾ˡָоʧˣǧˡ

һ֮˾ƿС֪Լߣнһ͵㣬֪н磬أԼҪҪ߽ȥأ

룬˾ҡҡͷתһȥ֪ļҵķ

ƶ

һ˵ּ˾ȫһǼǧ类״һ㣬ҵز



˾һᣬȻٳȥϧڵֻһͨķСû˿ΪҲκιֻƴرܣˤܡ

ʱ˾ﻹ֮ǰѵʦƣȫһ·ҵҵĺӣȻûᣬ۾ȴѾˡ

ʱ˾ƺȫԼѾһʦѾԼֻһӣһҵĺӣЩϵظʱ˾̲ס޺˽˸˵Ļһ

ƶôˣԣˡһͷҰ·

˾ֻǽŸˡûлشҲû˿ֻеͳʡ

˾û߽Сǻصߡʱ˾ȫһͨķ꣬ġȫֻǻþȫԼѾһ֣ȫ֮ǰļ䣬ģֻƽͨļҡ

ҶڳУе˾ѾԼĻþֻ֪˾Լ֪ʲô

ϣ˾ǰһһ

Ҷڷһ֪һˣֻһأģܵضֻһģһ϶бظ򣬿϶ܿһضһض˵޾ĺô

ҶˣοҶǹ档

Եһ£һ˾ǰҾͿʹˣ

Ŷ˾ǰѾȥˣ

ˣ˾ǰʵ飬Ժ֪Чˣ

˾ͷôһ˹Ѿ֪˾ƵԸЦ˵ϼһʲôܳ壬Ǻǣ

ӣ󷨵ʲô󷨣ʵ

Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ֻܸߴǻھãǴĺãܿʲôʲôܵʲôɴԼģȴҽ֮󣬺ܿˣ

ҿҶû˵˼Ҳûмʣǿʼĵͬʱ˾ƽȻڼš

ڻþУ˾ûǸͨɽȻȢӣӹĸĵӣǴ£ɽΪ飬Ȼ࣬ȴҲʵ֡

ͻݣźӹɣƣƽ˾Ƶǰδе㡣

þУһμʮȥˣ˾ˣ˾ͷĳһµ峿ǰԶĶڵŶϱŮֳһţԶУоʲôģģ΢΢Цţһ

ҶڳеȴȻ˾Ѿ˷˵һʵϣֻǹ˼ѡ

˾ǰˣ

Ҷ䣬һһĹŴӹųǻ˹˳к͵һ˾Ƶξ˳ڵϣһ

Ҷ˶ΧȥҶ֪˾ʵ󷨣󷨵Σ˾ƵӣҲԼͬ

˾ǰϢƺˡ

ţȥ˾ǰΪûжӣȴȫһˣ

о˾ǰţô˵ءԣƽˣͺǰһ

ǵʲô󷨣˾ǰֻ뼸ȫӣȥ

ģ˵һǾͶܽȥˣ



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˵˾ͷȻˣ

ʵͷ˾ƵͽܣѾʦϢ˵ʦڸһͨˣַ豹𣿡

˶˼صͷֻаҶ΢΢Цţ֪ԼѾȫɹˡ

һĹ˾۾۾ʮûһ˿ʣҲûһ˿ƣȴÿͷһ𣬺ܿ죬˾ƾ۹⡣

˾ƴЦһ˵ããð

˾ǰʲôðһʵ

ٺ٣Ҳ˵Լȥоо֪ˣ˾Ц˵

ҶߣİҶļ˵С

һ£ȻǸп˵ҲһԸġ

˾ƺ˵ЩʲôȴԼ޻˵ֻùЦйԼеĳ죬һƽ˴ǰûĶģһʱǰδе̤ʵ

ǵģ̤ʵѾûʲôԼ̤ʵˣУĺϲ

ҶЦ˵˾ǰʱҪץסᣡ

Ҷһ˦֣һ޴Ʒɾʯз˳ƮڹųϿգ˾Ҷ˼˵˷ѵģ

˵գͷ˾ʯ棬ʯŨŨ֮ӿŷɽС

˾Ƶ̤ʵˣľѾһܸߵľ磬ڣľ壬ûκƵĵطԳθڣն֮ն֮ԣΪЩȫĿɿڴ

찡ÿٶȣǵľȣǴûô׺ݵٶȡ

ɲʥҲȲѣٶȣǺܿܵʥˣ



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Ƴ̶̵ʱ䣬ΪߵĶ壬˾磬ҲԶɢһϼ⣬һڽĶȻɵģϴһ֮˾Ѿʵʵڵˣ

ʱ˾Ҳ۾ЦһӾʯϷ˲ͷų

˾ڵֱˣһۼ׸ӵĺÿһƬۼ׵ıԵŷĺ⣬ֳ൹̣ͬĵĹâ

˾Ƶ߶סˣһЩҲ΢΢ζ˼£Ҷɵؾ̶̵֣ʱȻôĽ

ɲ˵ǿƣȻΪ͵˽׶ΣȴѾɳڵˮƽˣ

˵ȷʵˣٶȥɾʥҲֻǼʱ䣡

ҶǵĻЦҡҡͷ˵ҲֻǸտʼôԵĽԽ󣬽ԽСɾʥôģʵҪԵģ

ҶĻʥ׷׵ͷǱʥȻ֪ɾʥḶ́ʵһ֣ԵҲҪֻܴߵˮƽ

λûЩһ°ɣ˾ЦźǷǳĸˣȻûɣáֻдЦܷйеĸ顣

˶ҶҶͷ˵ҽ֮󡣻鵽ֻڵʲôֻԼ֪⣬һ׶֮ǻԶ͵УȻҾ͸˾ǰһȻٽ󷨣ѭֱԼùΪֹ

˵ţҶͳϴһųǻϳһնԵų档

ȥһֱӷɳ֮⣬⣬Ҳ˲ӴҵʧҶ֪Ѿ÷ǳСˡѾԼĻ硣

Ȼ㣬ȸַ׷׷һƬУʧ٣ٽţӿ˳ȥֻһƬѤãһӰƣȻСȻþ

ˣܲܽһſʵ

԰Ҷܽȥ㲻ҲὨҲȥأ

Ҷô˵˷˻֮⣬ҲЩҪض࣬תۣҲʧ٣ҲԼĻþ硣

ţм˽ˣܿ죬ʣµ˾Ͳˡ

ǲȥ𣿡ҶֵʵҲܣΪʲô֮Ͳˡ

ЦǺǵ˵ǵػųǣҲðչ룡

Щϰ£ӵʱͬʱҲųǡ

ô˵ҶЦ˵£ҶػôˣҲػˣңò˶ʱģҲȥɣ

ʣµǻ࿴˿ɲҶͷȷ˳ȥȻһʥڰҶõ£ȻѸСԼĻþ磬Ҳ׷׷ɳȥֻм˻ͣڰҶߡ

⼸ӥնǼܡ

ˣܲܳȥΪ׵ʵ

Ҷͷ˵ǷİɣҲܸܵϢһ֮󷨻ǵУȻܳ׽ǵĿݣҲ̶ȵѹƣصɽ磬Ҳõʱʧȥʶˣ

һ׷¶ϲɫҶһ񣬱㳯ȥҶӥն

ԴӰҶгûôӥնڣҶ˵˾ӵ顣

ԼѾɽ磬ҸһȺһӥնʮοؿŰҶ˵л

Ź⣬һηɢȻֱӷɳųǣĻ

ӥն֮󣬹ųлϢڳ·޵ʯ⣬ʣһԹɳˡ

ɳڹųΪǣڶɲʥذ£ڣѾСһ˳ֱ̣۴ϸȻû֮ǰôУʵѾ˼ʮ

ҲԽȥģҶЦŶɳ˵

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ȻڷҲѣԺҲԣʱ㿼ǣǻûһ£

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˵գɳҲڿն𣬽֮С

ʱųǾͻֻ°ҶˣҲֱųǵĻ֡УȥġֱӴ󣬵ظ磬ִһܵĿռ䲼һʲôʵĻҲʱ֪ȻϥػһƬط

֪˶ãҶȻ۾ȻźվԼǰҶæʵϺ£

ź˵һ£Ҫȥˣ

ʲô£

֪ʮ죿

Ҷͷɽƴޱȣ˷¶ǼɽϷңԶĵطƯһأθɽࡣΧȴûɽ֮·ɽ绹ҪŨ⡣

ҲգΪһֱޣ޿Ըʥ֮Կԣһǣ϶ǲµɽȥء

أ޾ɽϷܹʮ㣬ÿһ֮Ҳ˷ǳԶľ룬ԽϣԽŨͬҲԽԽǿ󣬴˵ʮϵıޣɱɻʣ

ɽеһЩ֣һΪսʮ죬սһһʵǣҪȥʮĻһ׵İ취ǾֱӴܾͣǰиֲ˴ǿֱӷʮ֮ϣ˴󣬸ȥҲ࣬ɽ綼ѾΣˣ˭ʮأ

ϣʮʲôϵҪȥ𣿡

ΪԲȥڿ㻹ȥĺã

ϣʲô飬˵𣿡

źϾһᣬ˵Ҳ㲻ֻԼȥʮȥԼӦˣ

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źϵͷ˵Ȼһε⸡磬ȴһֱţˣʲôҲֻ·

ҶŹźϣһ񣬵ͳˣ

Ȼ󣬰Ҷ˵ʲôʱߣߣҪҪǻ

ҡҡͷ˵þǣܺãǵΪҲǵľС

ھҪ뿪ҿ԰㴫ͳȥ

Ҷ֪ϵıºܴȻѾ븡ˣڳ˵뻹ǿ԰쵽ġ

Ǻãھ߰ɣ

ϵͷִѰҶȻ󣬰Ҷͽȥ

еҶϢʧźڰҶλ£ʵػ˵Ҫһˣ֪ᷢʲô㡭ȴҲ



ҶֻеһᣬȻ󣬵ϢעʱҶԼѾ˸Ե

һһ޼ʵɳĮڣһҶ޾ʯĸ磬ҶཻıԵʱɹһ˿ͱ˺ˣҶɢŵĹ⣬赲š

Ҷæԭ˲뿪ɽĵطʱеܸˣɽûиѹԣһʱҶЩӦ

ִӸˡǺǣǵġ

Ҷ֪˵ʲô֪϶ҪԡһԼ㳯ɳĮȥ

ʮ죿

ҶԺ˼ţǻؼҽԼȥҴֻǣԼɱȥ

ɽѾңҲӦ÷ǳˡֻҪ̫ע⣬Ӧû⣡

Ҷûһ¡ջû꣬һضУ׼ҵİҶ

Ҷһû뵽Լյɽͱϳˣңûжٸо˵˵֮˵Ϊ϶ʥˮƽңӦûʥеĸ֡

֮ǰҶûȫڣȻɢŷ֣ںԶĵطһվ

һˣȥ˵ظо¶ţûжƣҶ֪Ǹ֣

˭ҶʵͬʱҲ˽䱸

۾ϲõĹâҶܸоǽֻϲṵ̂

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˲ڰҶߣЩʵ

ҶҲо˹ĵطʣ˭Һ£

˹Ц˵ѾͷȻûƭң

ϣҹȻ֪ˣ

Ȼ˿ŰҶ˵Ǿүүˣ

ǾҶһ㶣Ȼݡ

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Ǿʲô£

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ʮ죡

Ҷסˣʵʮ죿ȥʲô

Ҷ֪ǲҲǳģȻôôɣ

ǾԶգ˵ҶɽɽĻԵǷǳģͨ׵˵ַ׻ˣ

Ҷû뵽Ǿ˵

ǺǣֻǴȷȥʮ죬ػԵһ



ʲô

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ҶüͷȻ˵֣ȴ֪ʲôֵӡ

Ǻǣ֪ʲô𣿡

Ҷҡҡͷ

ǿɲʲôӣȥǾһ壬ھģÿ˶вͬʶ㵽ǸطҲܵõԼʶҾͲ˵ˡ

Ǿʲô

һһ壬ҵ֮ıӣͿܰԼˣȻҪ޴ش۵أѾ׼ˣ

ǾŰҶ˵ģСӣһ㹻ıأ⣡

ҶֻǶԼǾЩεЦЦ˵ȻҲҪԸһ𣡡

Ҷһᣬŵͷ˵ȥǾܸҸҪʲôۣǾֻʲôꣿ

ҶӦһȥǾϲ˵ѰӲҪۣؼǸĴۣҪҵȫΪͬʱ뿪ɽ磬Ϊ½顣

ڱ꣬еõĶɱСңҶɲǰ׼ҲҲеģҵ˱ʶܲݣɱһʥĸ֣÷ܰ쵽бණﲻм鼫Ʒɾмм𣬺мˮЩɶǿĶ

ǾɣÿֶðҶ𶯲ѣ۾ȻǾȫΪǾ䵽½磬Ϊ½飡

ҶıȻǸɳаҶļƷɾͰҶĿǰΪֹû֮

ҪʲôȻҪ˴ۣңԼȫҶҶɻ

Ҷûʣ˵ҲҪģҵĹĺܴһǾҪ֮ͬʱҲ輸鼫Ʒɾü죡

Ǻǣ˵˵ȫ㶼У͸Ҫ˵ԼûйͣûĪԵҾǺľȫҵļҲһҵ֮ӣ

ǾЦ˵ȻԶ˵Ҷʲôʱпգ

ҶѾԶ˹ɱڵġ

Ǿ˵ȣҲûжٵǱǷˣֱӽӴⲻһս

Ҷͷ˵߰ɣֱȥʮ죡

ãǾϲɫŨֱӻӻ֣ŰҶʧ٣ǾֶȻ߳

Щɱڵ˸ϵʱѾһˣ²ңȴûҵ˿

ҶǾ˲뿪ǾʵȻͬ죬Ȼɽ͸Ľ紦һ˲Ƶ룬ȻͿ磬ʵϣмżңԶľ룡

ʲôҪ׼𣿡Ǿͣʵ

ҶһЦ˵ûУʱȥκεطǾ֪׼Σ

Ǻǣ׼ˣҶ֪׼˶ˣȻ׼ˣǾֱȥʮ죡

Ҷæʵȥ

ɱȥǾֱ˵Ȼֶ԰Ҷ˵ģڣ漸Щ޲Ϊ壬ģҲ㹻İղǵĹ

ȻǾôģǾ߰ɣ

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ҶǾϵسǰ˲ƣò˵Ǿɵ˲ƱȰҶҪĶࡣ

ҵʵǾǲЩҶаš

˲ϵظ·ܿ͵һ˵ĵط

ʯԭǴͨȥһطǾ˵Ȼʼ

ʯԭҶû˵طҲ⣬ɽô̫ĵطûƺд

򳨿һһӹܣȻҶ˵Щ쳣ǰҶ֪д󣬿϶Ϊʲô

ǾǰȥЩɢһƬʯͷϣʱЩùģһʯзڿн֯һģӰӡ

Ǿ֣ҪסҶ

ţҶɻؿͨΪʲôҪ

ǺǣʯԭĴɲʲôͨĴûз֣ûоʯṩ

ȷʵûκξʯṩƺ

ʯԭЩʯͷ㿴ǵŲǲγĳȻƣ

Ҷֵͷ

Ǿ˵ЩȻưֱӸṩһôȻˡͬʱҲΣաǾǲ֪ʲôʱˣ;а˦ȥûиߵΪɥң͵;лбʵģԡ󣬻иֱűȽϺã

ҶҲеصǾץԼĸ첲ȻԼΪţҲ̫дⲻ֪ᴫ͵Ĵһĳ⡣ɾ鷳ˡ

ǾץסҶֱ֮ӷǰ⹰ţȻҲ⣬ʧڹУ漴ҲɢֻһĴ衣

Ҷһֱϸ۲ţͬЩʽĴ

ҶѾ˺һᡣȻûгȥļһƬֻнһ·ǰҲǺڰһƬҶҲκζ

СģǾȻڰҶԺȻһɫĹȻںڰвǾûֱӸǹײ˲ŰҶȥصԭĹ·ϡ

Ҷ֣;йĴǵһϹȻգ۾ûˣҶȴظоǲһʥȫ

ںߵһʱֽӹϹ⣬Ǿ׶˹ȥҶ̾ȻǸֻ֣һˣĹȻҲܶǱĺܣ

ܹ˰ʱǰһҶǾӴ˳

ǾɿҶĸ첲ЦоΣʯԭĴһֻǾŻʹãɽ֮⣬ȡ˷䣬ӦÿĹɣɽ֮ɽعâǿغݣ

ô˵ҶȤæʵ飿ɽҲн𣿡

Ȼн飬һǲֵģֻн֪ʲôģ

Ҷʵɽ绹н𣿡

Ȼнûнһģÿ綼˽Ȼģ

ҶźϸԼЩ쳣Զش˵ͷĵɽǿôһȻġǵǸʲ



ҶкȻ޵ؾУɽĽһ㣬е쳣ǿ󣬸е׽

Ǻǣ㿴ˣǾ˵

ҶȻֱҡͷֻȥĵطӡطȻڵ伮пȴһϳڣܾȻˮֻмС

Ƕˮأľˮ

Ҷ뵽ĵ伮ˮһֺˮܳֶֻܸУһǷ˵ëһˮ㣡

Ҷ¿ȥȻܿˮ㣬һַǳƯ㣬Ҳֻһ߳ϳŲɫĳ򣬸Ĳɫ룬泩չβɫۣģɽ硣

ȼ죬ʱˮ㳱ʱǾʹֱʮ죡

ҶǸղͨǸȻһӵ˶һӾͿôңԶһξ룡ǰ뻹Ҫͨ͵Ĵû뵽ڰʱ͵ˣ

Ҷϸ˿ܣûзʯԭƵ⴫ǵģҪȥҪһطˣ

ҶǾôֱˮصϿͣˮȻиء֣ʵȴǳ󣬱ȷĴҪĶࡣ

ˮصıһ㣬Ȼз磬ЩһˮͬȥЩȥĶҪôˮԵҪôͱˮ㷭ֻҪ뿪ˮ棬ԭȳȥĶõɡ

˵죬ҶȻԶһȺˮ㣬Щˮڽһ㣬ǣţƺƵشԶӿƽˮҲ˲ơ

ˮ㳱ˣǽ㳱֮ȥ

ҶֻͷûϹʮ죬Ҳ֪ķ֪ν㳱ľǸǾΡ

㳱ˣˮϵĲԽԽһصԶȥ

ҶȻ֣Щ֮ϾȻһĲӦЩҶԼĶڸһµҲǹɲУһضš

оûУǾ㳱Ӧ㳱ʱǾͿֱӽһɳ죬ֱӷɵһȥ

Ǿ˵ҶԵظоǹɲԽԽԽԽǿңҲһҪϸ߿գ֪㳱ûеﶥ塣

ģȻ䣬ҶǾͬʱſ۾Ȼһ磬Ȼ󣬾һѾȥһ㣬ֱȥ

ҶʵһԻģǾΪʲôֱӷȥ˲ϵسϷϣҶ⡣

ȥԣֻҪʥһ㶼ܷȥҪܳʱ䣬Ҫķѷǳķһʥ˵һ죬ҲĹȫֱ˱ޣǻһغˣ

㳱ϣʡٶȿ죬ûиоɵҪĶ𣿡

ҶͷȷʵˣٶȱԼƽеٶȻҪĶ࣡



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ãҶ֪һжôңԶˣ䣬ſоϷ쳣

һ򣬰Ҷ򼴱ɽҲչĺܿɽںϵķǳãԣôʱ䣬ѾӦ·ˣϷŸոոӦһǽѰҶ档

ǰҲ쳣˵ɽһ

ѵʮɽ粻ͬһ磿Ҷɻš

˺һᣬҶܹ۾Ϸˡ

ȫǰɫһƬ޴ƲʣʵϣҲƣҶ͸ȥȻҲӦϵʲô

СģǾȻѵ

˴еľҶ֪޵ķʸȫ䱸ܿ죬ֱӴ͸Ʋ㣬˵һ档



ҶоԼˮһܿ죬ˣΪȷʵǴˮзɳһȫѪˮ

·ʱҶѾڻŵһǰڵ伮Ͽ˵ʮ춼֮أɽ绹ҪԣҶһֱΪûǲᵽģԣʮҲһȴ֮ءһȫѪʬǵĵ

ﻹķ羰ȫǺɫʯͷĺɫ֦ϵŨŨĺɫϱ鲼źɫпУͬźɫ۴ȫǺɫѪɫ

ɫ֮⣬ǰɫѿеİ׹ǣõչ¶ĲҰף׻λΣۻľ

ҶǾôվԭ㶵ؿܡǵΪʱȴҲȫʧȥ˼ʣµֻ޾𾪣



ǾطͳĺʼֻаҶԼأĺԽԽܵѪɫʼԽԽǿԽԽҡҶѹҪȫŵס

Ǿ˷ŭͱߣǰΪѰ˵ҲʮȻΣգ˱ȴϲΪսֱֱġûжαʮ˼ꡣʱ룬ҪѰӣҪˡ

£һز״һʧȥ侲һַĵ׵ķŭһŭֱ֮ң

ҶֻܸǷԲҵľ룬һĺܣҶܸоɽһģǳˣҲЩڣܲҵЩõض

ع۲췶ΧȻСˣûڣҶŬѰܵϢȻеתʱյԭ顣

ڷ䣬˾ıڣҲҪһԣֻǣʮ죬Ҫԭ²ס

Ǿŭ֮ԭŵѾ·ʱ͸еһ˿ԭΪиȴû뵽Ρ

˭˭

ΣһһǾᷢŭɣ

ǾҲѰܣܳѪʬ⣬ʲôҲûС

Ǿ̽ʱҶæеһ£

ǾһͣŰҶҶ˵Ǿ

̶̵ʱڣҶѾŬռܵϢȻ

ϣһǺӰչ

֪֮ǰˣһȺźɫ·ˣһȺˣȥͨˣ˫ڴ򶷣˵Ϊ֪жߣЩѹƵģһɱ˰еɱɾȻֳ׻һ죬ţеĺ˱㳯ڶȥ

ȻӰ϶ᣬҶǾǿණ

ȣЩ˺ܹ죬ϸעЩӰԿһЩ˷һЩ˴֧飬ЩȴȻûһԼɱ

⣬ЩҲܹ֣ǿȥЩӣȻһȼţȴûжͺû˯һ

ֵĵطЩ˾Ȼûһܵģ

Ҷ뵽㣬ǾҲ뵽ˣֳֻ´һȻǵֵ

ʮ淴ƱˣǾܳء

淴ƣҶû˵ơ

ֻϣܺˣֻǾɻʲ֮Ǿɻʻܵˣûаʱָ

ҶһҪ˴ۣȻ

˼һᣬҶ˵Щ˲ηȴɢŻ˵Ϣǿܣңܿܣ

Ǿûоȣֻüͷ˵˵϶һɵģֻǣΪʲôô

Ҷʮ첢˽⣬ȻǾ֪֪

ҶʵǾҪҵһ죿

Ǿҡҡͷ˵Ҳ֪Ҵ㣬ֻƣԭΪ⣬û뵽ǲˣ˹֣

˵ţǾЩǸŰҶ˵վˣǸ

Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʵǾ˵㲻ңҲģƺҲҪѰѰ˵ˡ

Ǿ˿ҶȻϷ˵Ȼˣ뿪һ죬ֱȥڶ죡

ҶͷȻֱӷ𣬳ŵڶȥ

ڶһľֻȵһɽľ΢һЩû㳱ֻܿΪϷɣǰǿõһĴ󣬵ڣȴʺˣ˭֪ʲôǣǵΪںĹⷨΣҲӦ˵ǴʱҲ쳣Сġ

ȫУǾϾǳѾõǾٶȼ죬еķŭǱǿȽ㳱ٶȻ죬ͬʱŰҶðҶɵͬʱҲȲѣɰ̾Ǿ

˺һʱ䣬Ҷٴοϵããƣܿ죬ٴδƶ

ף

˶Ȼͣ£֣ڶȫû

羰ɽˮ㣬ڼ䣬͸ԡ

ҶǾ࿴˿ͬʱǰɣȻһ󣬵˻Ҫ̽һ£﾿ûзʲô

ҶͬչⲢӰѰϢܿ죬ͷ

СģǰҶѡ

ǾȻͣѾ˳˽С



Ľ ̾

ЩݺύѰҶǾסҶǾͣԭأû㶯

ЩԭصĺܺãǾûзҪǰҶأҶҲֲˣЩ߲ûйֻס˶ѡ

ҶǾ࿴һۣȻ󣬱ͬʱǰȥֻǰĿռһ󶶶һն˴

ţҶ

ֲ÷ֲˣԭǸͲһ磬ͨһ磬ΪҶǴû˿󷨣ǲŴǱ߸

ҶЩˣ谭شǵĺ£ǵı壬Ҷ۾

ˮˣ

ҶеĴ֣Ȼصķţ忴ȥһȴҶǵıڰҶһࡣ

ˮˣСģǾȻҲǵıʣֱӸҶ

Ҷͷ

Щ˶ǿҶǾҪ䱸ӵнŵˣǽŻŵ˻ûг֣һӵнŵĿ϶Сɫ

ҶǾжЩ˾ͿʼˣǵжʮѸ٣ЩϣûнǣǼƺǵжԽԽ졣

ҶǾûжֱ֣Щ˹ߡǾֱӻӻ֡εɳֻһˡЩ˱ͣԭأһ΢紵еĺ˶˷ɻҡ

漴һ󡰹ǰĽһ󶶶ȻȻС

һǾһ֪ĹСӣɣڵǣ

һˡǾĹǽʧԭأε˿մ漴ɢ

ܵعûɢһĻζȻ󣬴ӵһƬޣ

ЩȻ಻һȴһͬ㡣Ǿǵ۾ѪɫɢϢӱħͷҪ塣

ޣҶ֪ǡ

޲ĳһرޣǸֲ࣬Ǹеر壬Ϊ޸Ⱦħʧȥıɵģһ߻ħɵġҲɽ磬û⡣ٻ߻ħʮ죬㣬ȴ߻ħΪޡ

һΪޣȻһЩȴǱе棬ӵı̶ȵı塣

һȺǰڵ£ûڵڶУһӵԶԶģܿ죬˱޾ֻʣ°ҶǾˡ

Ǿֱӷ߻ɱߣ

ɱߣ

Ǿ˵꣬ˣȻӰεεЧãЩ޵巢ԡ˼ɱ⣬󲿷ֶû£мӭŹ

ҶĽƴǺطؽƣһ֩һ㣬ûӲǻزסЩǰıޣȻһȫǣ

漴ǾٴλӳεŽ⣬Щı޷׷ױпȻȥ

ЩޣһͨʥΪˣһҲأ԰ҶǾˣȴû˿в

ҶؽƺطʹõҲʮЩûκιǵر޶ʱӲˡ

ǾΪǾڷŭ֮УĹȻǿ󣬶̶̵ʱھͰЩɾ

ûôֱͣӳȥ

ڶľҲԶȵһ͵һ֮ľ΢һЩ

ûмٸ·һ߷һָҶóƷɾ͵Ǿ

ŶƷɾǾҶɾ

ﻹУҶֱ˵

ǾƲеķŭҶЦЦ˵ⶫȻҲУûֱָ

Ȼô˵ǽӹ˰Ҷɾͬʱ˵֪Ʒɾ𣿡

Ҷôʣһ㶣ʣƷɾʲô÷𣿡

ȻУ㿴ţ

ǾȻŴֱͣҧƷɾϣҧһֱҧһڣȻ̽

ҶĿɿڴ㶼Ƿˣ֪ôʹɾģƽʱҶ˭˵԰ɾʳһ¶ӵģ

ڣǾһƴСƷɾ˸ɾµ죬˵ûˣζˣ

ȻǾŰҶ˵ûʹɾķҵĶؾԣ

Ҷؾ

Ȼ̣Ǿ˵ǶؾѵлʲôϣҶһֱţһЩϸڲû⡣

ҶһɾҲߣҧһڣǣ֣ɾʮּӲԼҧ

ƷɾҶҧƷɾãǾҧȴǰ첻ˡ

ǾЦ˵һԼɣ

ҶܿͼͬʩչģһеģݣͷȵȣһУһ㡣

ҶĬĬתٴΰɾߣֻоϷһɺݾȻɾһ㣬ֱӱпģѾһС

ɾУҶֻоһɼǿڿɢѾ鲼ǻЩ϶ᱬȥҶæһֻסͣΪǵһôɾһЩ¶˳ƮڿУڰҶϳһĲɫ

Ҫ˷ѣǿɶǾЦ˵

ҶͷĬĬţܿ죬;Ͳ¶ˣҧһڣ׽ɾȻһ̽

ܿ죬һɾͱȥҶһⷽȻ

ʱҶѾӿЩеţûһ˿й¶ֻеҶʹʱŻ

ֻӵƷɾϣɾЧͲˣ

Ǿ˵ҶӦŵͷĺܺãת۾ܲ䷨ȻƷɾܹأǶԱ˶ԣ԰Ҷ˵ĹųлһƷɾԭأ

ٲ䷨ķҶԺͲõķˡ

˷˵ٶȶȻܿ죬Ǿ͵˵죬ȴڽһɱθҶڵһ򿴵βࡣ

ףҶȻһˣǾȡ



 ټ

ҶȵĲˣϵһ

һܲ۵壬ڷ䣬ɳΪɽ磬Ķ򴦴ͨĲͨĶ

ڰҶУⶫȼƷɾҪΪ֪ⶫ常ģ

ûиǾҶֱӳ֣Щźµˮ˱һһסЩɱǲſס

ȻǾ֣ܿ죬Щ˶ɱЩ㼱ܿ죬ͻһ̲ŧˮԭӡ

ҶǾһԵʯͷϣû˺˵ɱЩһȫ˵ϡ

Ҷ漴Ǹ˵ߣʵʣ

˵ˮƽߵΪʱȴԵŰҶЩ㱡

˰죬Ҳû˵һ֡

Ǿ˵ղЩͷлܼǱһսûΣգǵѾʼɢˣ

ҶֱóһƷɾҧ飬ûʣǰɾ˵üģŨŨ֮˳üĿʼתģϵϢ֮ǰǿࡣ

Ҷֿʼʩչһ˵У޲ϵĴˣһԵǾţֱҡͷ

ҡͷ˵Ҷزԣڸ̾Ҷݳޡ˲ûΣաֻƣ˵ϢһʱˣڣҶƷɾֱӸָô޸ƣĺ˷ѡ

Ҷ֪Ǿ뷨ֻЩ˵Ȼ˷ѣЧȴǳԣ˺ܿҲˡ

࡭л֮ǰȻǻɢǼµġֻû

ÿҲʮ𣿡Ҷæʵ

˵ͷҶһʣһ죿

ʮϣڵҲǻֵܽҡҴ·ȥ׼ȣû뵽ȴЩסɥڴˣ

ҶǽʣȥȣʲôΣգҾǰ׼ҵˣ

Ҷ˵ǰ׼ҵˣһ㶣ȻͼҶóһӡȻҶ뿪׼áһЩ׼ҵĶŵģӾ֤ǰ׼ҵˡ

á㣬ֵ֮ǰûΣգֻǿΣգȣֵܷǳˣûѯʾԭֱˣСֵһֵܣҪЩȻ֮ǰҲֵ֪ܿʲôڣҲܲµһЩ˷ͬСɣһֱʮ죬϶ﲻðֵҲվģ

Σգѵ常ҲˣҶаš

˵һͨҲһЩʱ䣬ЩʱҲڻԽԽҲԽԽѵʱһһҶ

֮ǰ˱ʶΪżȻͨһϹŴֱӱ͵ʮϵĵʮ죬磬͸ԣмĺôңΪпϹŴһƬط޸ȥЩϲ֣

ڷʱ߲⣬Ԫɱ壬ںõĻҪĶضࡣ

ҪͨеԷһ㣬Ҫʳﾭ׽աӦõȵȲɣԪɱȴûЩӵḶ́ӵʵˣԣֱֻܰսĶҪʣȻۼʹãúķһ˿ʵ˼ûҲܿٵΪ

Ԫɱ壬ҲǵʱôҪץסԭѻˣ뷨ǷʾͿԴһرֱΪ

ԪɱȻôغôҲһȱݣǾľص⣬ֻΪʶľԭزΪͲܿƣֱܿӳʶ˱ߣ籬һ㡣

ڰ׼Ҵʮ꣬Ķ伮ԭȻЩ޶ۣԴӷ֮Ǵ󿪣Щ伮ǹĿҰΪʶĵ伮඼ǰ׼ҲıĶ֮ȻҵƽʶΪķ

ˣǵʮϣԭȵһͨˣٵΪԼȻûʲôһȫסˡ

ǱסǾȣҲ𺳣ס

˭ôΪģЩΪβ룬ΪġɳΪġɼΪģߵҲֻ߳ΪģҼ㲻ʶ㣬Ҳ֪ǿ̶̵ؼʱ͵õ˰ʱΪסŹ֣

г֮󣬱һ뿪ϹŴĽƷΧʼʮȻпʥΪʵҿɵʰЩ޺Ҳõˣڵʮ⣬Ҳʼų߲ȥ

ǣһȺβǡʮϻԾֻǣǰһ죬ǵ˵ʮʱȻ֪ͨңôСģΣաͬʱҲһΪ˴ȥ׼ҡ˼ȥ

ԽԽؽ£ҶϲǵģϲȻΪ常ʵǿȻԴô˷ôߵ㡣ǵȺˣһ˸Σ

һԵǾҲסҲסˣʱӸշ˵Ϊɵػɱôıޣ⣬ǾҲڲ²⣬׼ҵʲôϵΪʲôҶȥôôģ

ҶʱȻģҲŬԼƽ˿ܣʵǼȻԼģЩô£

˵µʱ㿴Щ˴һȺ˷Ϊ棬ұ㿴һۣһӾͱһסȻ͸еûǲ壬ٽţЩ˿ʼɱǣȻҸЩ˵״̬ܲǻǿʼЩƺŪǣûʹɱ֣һɱţҲΪЩ˲ֵܼ

֪Щô£Ҷͷ˵оʯ㻹Ǻúûָɣ

ҶһƷɾ֮ǰѾ֪ҶƷɾأʱҲû⣬ֻǵͷʼָʶУԼָ֮ɾҪҶأ֪ҶѾɾȫ͸ˡ

ҶһԣͬķһˣֻɳΪʱȴȫգ״Ҳǳ⡣

ڰҶķأ˷ѣ˺ܿͻָǣҶʵǵô£

˻شǱǷˣץסͱˣȻ͸͵ǴЩ˵صط

شغܼ򵥣Ҳߵ׳

ǾѾðˣʮɽĵطһЩиʥصĵλǾлżҵĸоȴɱ˵׳ǵһǸǾܲŭ

ߣֱȥ죡Ǿ˵

ҶҲЩҵ常ͷ常Ȼ붨ûлóɾֱҧ飬ܣɾ֮ɢʱһƬɣѾŨ˼¡ǸЩ˻ָõģȻ쳣˷ѣʱҲ˲ôˡ

ߣ

ǾŰҶֱӷûʹôΪ˶֣󱻷ˣԣǲԼͬٴֱӷ

ǴԽʱɱѾȻûеһôҡҲ˴Ŀġ⣬ﻹ壬ͬڶһڽİҶͷŭǾ¡Щת۾ͱƻֳȥ

ϣ羰һȺĿ͵վܶǺˣÿ˶ŵ֪ǲǹģЩôǷ䵶

һ߷ϡһŵĸߴʮƷžƺɹӺֿܴ񣬳ؿë°ҲǺӣԶʱҪֲٰѶȥȥЩЦȴû˸Ц

šǾǸֵСӾҪˣȥӭһ£

ܵغ˶쵽ǰȥЩˣˮˣҲܣȫǸӡǺҪҲԥִ

ҶǾûֱӷϵ죬ڵ΢ָһЩһֱŴǾؾǻָؼѸ٣ܿ죬Ǿ͵˹ȻŴƶ

ӭǵıһȺѲúõơ

ǲõƷǳ죬ȻԺ˵Ϊ㣬ǵȫΪΪƣƣˣЩ˾ͻȫʧȥƣ֮Ҳ

ܿ죬ҶǾͿ󷨵˼жû뵽Щ˾ȻôĿŵز󷨣

ܵĺûжҶǾ࿴˿ͬʱ֡

ǾȻǷЩӰεҶʩչһ̺طĽƣܽЩŶһзų쳣ƣΧҶǾ

ǾܿɢҶĽҲάٲǰЩԽԽǿ󣬺ܿҪưҶķ

Ҷó콣㱻Ǿ

Ǿ۾ȼ˻棬Ļ棬ԽԽǾ֣ǰһãеĻ˳һָζ

ȻǾһ˦֣ѻ˦ǻͳɳȥһξѾһʮɳؾų忪ҶĽƣӭЩ˵ع

˵󷨺ѻסˣЩȴģܿͱȼոɾһЩ漴ȥ˷ɻңʧĸɸɾ

ǾĻĲͬ죬󷨼㼸ʥҲᱻɱɢǾȻô̵ʱˣҽ

Ǻӷ˹ǳ죬󷨱ȣ²һҲ޶ԡ

ʲôˣ

ҶǾ󷨣ֱǺ棬Ǿֱӳʡ

Ǻǣˣ棬ɻ֮ڴ˴һЩ棬ǰ԰ƤЦⲻЦ˵һͨӿȥУҶǾȴ쳣ġ

㣬ǾɲףҲ˵ֱ꣬ӳ֣ǻûջصĻȻ˹ȥ

ǿͣȻǾô£Ҿͷһ£

۾Ҳ⣬ͬĻ



 

ǾĻͽĻܿͽһЩ޵ֶΣǸԵķǰӵľ裬Ȼֻпá

ŭܵĿռһضϵһЩʯͷķ顣

Ҷ򳨿ȻǵķΧ󣬵̽ǷǳõģУҶؿ͸塣

һڵС㣬ǽţͬʱڽ֮ϣһƯŵĻ𻨣ҶȵؿǶ𻨣۾ȻЩƸС

ʲôҶǶʮ⣬о˺ܴΣգһֱҪ˿ֲĶ

ΪʲôУ

ҶڲǾսûбҪһһҶֱӹ壬ʱȻȼһŻ𣬰յĸɸɾ

λһɣ

ǾðҶס֣Ҷ㴫˵˽еǾоʲô𣬵԰ҶıȴΣ²ֹǿʼҶϣֱӶԽ淢Ϲ

ǾĻۺͽɫϰѽĻסȻһʴͬʱǾóһذףһͨɫذףֱ˲Ƶߣⲫ

ҶĽƴܡռ䶼סֻǾ㣬ƽ档

ֻǣȻϣ⣬汾û˿ˡÿǾذ׹ʱͺһŻһû˹̶״ذֱӻȥȻֱӻָԭ״

ڰҶĽƣеػһӾͰѽûˣͬʱÿһƣҶ͸еһʹһᣬҶԼ־ȻѾ

䡭һǾ֪ʲôһӰѽƬƬĻ𻨷迪ꡣ

ûУ

λǿǾķͽսңǰҿܺܿͱǾ˺Ƭˣڣطͽսûˣ

ǸСӣȻʶ㣬ȴ㡣ô͵ΪȻôķٺ٣ɿ֮Ӻðɣ

ȻЩȫܿ죬ÿһŻ𻨶һС档

ٽţһƬġ䡱ЩСȫ˽ԭӣһʱ䣬ȫǽӰ

ЩɲʲôӰӣЩȫҵı壬ɱңҪЩȫɱˣλõ𣿡һŵ˵

Ȼһ£¶Цݣ˵ǵӣӦʮ죬ʵ˵ǵѾ߲ȥˣƣһ꣬ʮȫҪˣ

Ǿ۾͵һʮ죬ǰʮǹҲûʲô˵ģʮ죬죬ǼɻҲ˵ڰ֮ռݣΣղЩǿرޣбĶڣ

Ҷʮ˽ز࣬˵֮ռݻΪ˵أΪĿǰΪֹļ춼ûʲôΣգǾ֪Լˣ֮ռӦǺܿ졭

ŶǲôŰǺǣҲû취ˣӦõȲǸʱˡ

䣬һȺ㿪ʼˣһ߹滹һ߽еҲͻȻϮ

֪Ǿ˵һȻеذת

ˡذϷһâذذױһѹ⽣

ն

ǾһػӽϷɳÿһжһѽɫذףӭͻȻһȺ档

Ҷ˲ԭʧˣĹȫʧȥĿꡣ

ҶͻȻʧý澪һ£Ȼ˼˵Ϣؾʧˣǽţ˲ƣҲǷѵǡ˲ƣ

˵ţǰһȻʵǲհףǲǽаҶ

ҶûҲûлش

㲻˵ʹˣҲĴҲȻԼȻҾɱǾһȺĴţȴûзκΰҶټɱңߣ

ǾڽѾ͵˼ޣЩѾɢ棬ЩɢĽȻֱɻ𻨣³µĽ棬ɱǾܿͷ֣汻ɢĴεʱγɵĽѾˣ

ҾͲһֱȥ

ǾĹ⽣ԽԽռ䶼۾䣬ſռ𶯶Ծ

𡭡

ǾһȣȻ䣬ԲʮĿռƾճĻ棬ЩȫǺɫĻ棬ͺһռ䱻յһ¶ɽ֮ڵ硣

Ǿڻ˲˲뿪Ҷ߽ԳΣҶʲôûڣڵĴܣѾ鲼ĹƣЩһǿĹƣѭǳľ裬طŻ֮һ鼫Ʒɾ

˶û˵ⷽԲʮһڵĻܿͱռƽˣռֻƯһſȥͨͨĻ棬طѾûκζ

ҶһԲʮĽͬʱ湥һʱ䣬ռ˺Ʋٴ¶޿ռ

ߡ

ϹѾȫҪɱңֻܰǸǣ֮ˮнȻûϨĻ֣ǵʵߣٹһҲ

Ҷû˿谭ؽӽ𣬽ӽʱһָоͺ񵱳۲ɳһһĸоͷһ̽

ҶõĽƲϽţȴȻȼصĻ棬һɽܵĹͷ·õӰƵģԽû˿Ӱ죬һĹ򣬽ٴγڰҶǾǰ

ٺ٣渧ԼĴӣԭС۾ҲøӵСˣʱ÷ǳ˼һǰδеĳ̲סҪĥǰˣһǾһδɻʣھҪԼУջֱ̫ˣ

ſ֪Ѿδɻʹ۲˺þˣǰҶ۾ҲеѾʼ˸ı䡭



߽ 

֮ˮн¶ûϨֻ˵֮ĳͻأһַʽ϶ˡ̫ƽദ

ңҪ𣬲һҪˮҲУ

ҶʱзɳڵĻɳһҲܰѽ֮ڵİҶûзɳ

ȻûзɳҶȴ֪һַɳĽṹǳʹóƷɳĽƣ練ơ

ԣǽɱʱҶµѾȥ

λʱ仹ĺܣ棬ǾģӦ֪мǾͿαɼģ

ſһ棬ǻڿȼգܿͱ߲ʵɫɫԽԽƵı仯ܵĿռҲԽԽ𵴣Ҷ֮ǰĹҲ׷ڰ;ͱ߽⡣

мǻ֮ݲľˮȫɢֻʣ»

ûٹһӣⷽԲʮĵطҪΪĻˣӵĻڻüȻҲֿȫӦҶӦһЩȧٸһЩ۾СһЩһЩŷı֡

ǾѾ˰Ҷ΢΢ı䡣Ҳε쳣ӣĶԣһʱֹͣ˹ǵȰҶ

ҶԽ˵档㣬мʮϣ˵һźñˣ

ôʲôܲм˵ҪˣЩûˣ

һ¡ЦҺܺĵģԿԸ㣬֮ʿܹʮˣѾ֮⣬ʮˣʮɽ磬ʮ죬Ҿһĸٺ٣Ҳ֪һ죡

֮ʿҶ۾һתʵǲأ;ҫ

ûɱİɣǵʱûзûȫںڵңһָҲǡԣҪΪɱˣ

Ц˵ȻҶǵЦ⡣

һָǣҶŽ棬ָ֣˵˼ﲻҲɱ㣡

Ѿһ֮һ쳣ˣյȻ֣ȷʵʵʵڵĺǿģ̳ױȵԣɻʣҲµأ

ҶָŽ棬׼ѾõȻмһֹͣȻ󣬿ʼм

һ£ȴȻо˼ı仯оһ£ȻæĻһǿûӳȥ

ô£˸ţǲ⡣

ҶָţһָɳܲúõĽУأܺһ㣬

𣬲һҪˮҲǿԵģȻⲻмܰ˵֮ȴװ쵽ģ

Ҷ˵ĳ㳯мӿ˹ȥ

ûлӦǳרĲݷǴɻģɻʽ̵طѾȫʹ쳣˳ּ򵥣Դɻʸû֣ÿֵ˶ˣҲϲһ˵飬ǾǿߣҲսپ

ô뵽̶̵ʱҵܶѾ첻ˡ

ʵĳ쳣ֻǾĵţڽУЩȴһ㣬ʴķԭȵڶ̶̵ʱɢˣʱսĻ棬ǻУȴҲŨŨĲͿ־塣

ҪɱסԸǾҶУҶ˵ͷ

һӣƾճһƬŨŨĳӿ룬缴ûСܿͱӶľû

ҶһžȻһֻʵĴ֣һŻ棬͵˰Ҷߡ

ǾԪѾˣݷ֮У

ҶóסǽҲãʱֻʣԪ֮С

Ǿһ֮ǰôţڿĵУ

˵գóһöɫӣȻִֻĻзɳһֱ̣ӱɫյ

Ǿ۾˺һᣬ۾

ԼƵķǰΪ˵ӣҲоصĶӿ˻ǣ˼䣬Ȼڸ˵ãҲܵõһЩ

ҶǰһæʣǾԪ֪ʲô

ǾһݣɻǺô㣡

ɻɳ֮ʿɱеʮ죬ΪľɱɱЩˣɱʮԭ飬֮⣬Ϊи𾪵ĿģҪѪȣñȾʮ죬ڸʮ֮ϵۣ֣֮֮۱סˣйɻʵ˾ͱò׽ԼʱԸ

ҶʵֵʲôΪʲôɻʶҪƣ

Ǿ̾һ˵ǱϹʱڻҪԶֵģʵֲģȻɵģǰģԭޱȵֱøѡ

ˣ飬Ӳ֣ɻҲ⣡

һ£Ǿ˵ΪɻʻߣﵽĻʱĳ֮⣬֮ˣ

ɻʻߣҶ̾ɻʶѾˣҪʲôز

һĿǰľ磬ԣҶҲͷˣָŽƣĽſ

Ǿ˵ɻδ㣬㻹ǰ˰ɣǻ࣡滹ҪǾأ

Ǿ˰ҶһۣȻ˵ǺãҾͲˣ

˶Ŀǰѵʱ򣬰ҶԲʺǾȡٺòˣ

ǾȡķķȫһȻҲֱ죬ǻȥȻ˵ʮϣĸֵļһҲʮǿķǻǿЩһıۣɻָʲô



˽ 

ǾܵϢðȶˣ춼һľֹ״̬

Ҷ֪ǾģƺʲôҲûڰشˡ

ߣֱϵ죬һݵ㣡

ǾͨԪ֪ණȻҲֱ֪ʹѾƵĴ

ǳشԶһζĴ󱻽ˡ

ҶǾֱӷɽȥֻеһζѾ˵죡

ȻһƬѪɫҶǾֱüͷҶ۾һתȻ뵽ʲô

ߣȥ죡ǾҪ򿪴

Ҷһס˵Ǿ𼱣ʣǰѪ꣬ǲǾͲڱˣ

Ǿһ£ЧӦòɻʼȻֻɼʮ죬аգѾɱˣѪ֮ʮӣºѪɾܵӰҲɢ룬ûʱ䣬ʮǲָԭӵģ

ҶһʧǾ˵л֮ͼƷɾһַ

ǾŰҶ֮ǰڰҶĽоͿ˻֮ͼƷɾǣ˵ֻǾˣҲ󷨡û˿صĻǺ׾ƻƽ˷˱

õġɱȥֻҪûаʮȫռ죬Ǿϣ

ȻҶ֪Ǿ᲼ʲô󷨣Ǿ˵ġǾˣ㲼󷨣Ҳױƻû˿ãǼƷɾǣ

ԣҶ˵Ǿٴν봫ֱӷϵ죡

ԭڵһഫǺܾǰһɻʽģõȫһľľֻڶһյУɢ㣬żĺôǵˣûвȥһءѾԼûãҲȥһְĵĸо

ҶǾǰʱǹﻹһɹӣǼֱħѪħ

ȫѪ⣬еؽϻŲȱʬǣһɳɷڹǻεڹεһ޵ʱ

Ǿ۾ѾѪˡݺݵصȻħȻħ

ħɹħ޾Ѫɹ׸ı䣬ӴԺҲûɹˣ

ȻǾ۾һգȻ͵⡭

ʱ涶Ȼ˶ڿиţҲܸоĲ𶯣Ҳ϶š



ͳ˻ƵĺǰĹзȻһȦȦɫǾһסҶæˡ

һǿǾ˾ٶ˵ǰȷʵΣա

ô£Ҷʵ

ǽļУ֪˴ħǣû뵽ǲħħħޣ

ʮ죬дɻķ֮⣬˴ħֻǲ֪ʲôҲ֪ҪãҲ⣬ˣõһֽǾ֪Ҳࡣ

ڣɹ䣬гħ֮ȻħޣǿħޣȥȫģϾǾˣ

ҶҲ۾ǰɨȥħȻǿ󣬵Ӱȴ󣬰ҶܿڵУһεعӺڰи

ħ޿ȥ˲࣬ͷһԺܴǣֻ۾¶ǼӣһëĳϺͽϣŷצӣűĹâ

֮⣬Ҷ֣ħ޵ĲϻһɢŨŨľ۶ɢĻ֮һַǳ΢Ĳħޣ

壡Ҷܿ˹

ħħǿ飬Ȼɽڣ϶һ⵽֮ʴ֮쳣Ũʮϣ壬֮Ӱ΢΢ˣȫԼͺħһ

ħ޺ܿʹӺɫиֻ۾ͬʱһĿĺɫâֱɨҶǾ

Ǿ͵һ֣ɫӭȥǹâײһʧ١

ɫҶ֪ģ֮ǰЩ޺ͺ˶û뵽ħ޽һƳ۹࿹⣡

Сģһǿ

ǾѰҶȥҶȴǰǾħ޲壬ҲѲƤ

ҶĻǾ۾Ѿ䵽ħ޵ĲϣǸô۵ɢŵĲǾҲ

˵ħôô޼ɵʮ磬ԭˣ

˵ţǾ빥ȥתͣҶȥҪסҲͣͬʱһ߳һ

˿ȥͨģţʣҶ뵽˷ũȷʵڵƤǴªţũһһѳͷǾȫһˣ

ֵطУ߳һũû˻ũ

ҶǾͬʱ˽䱸Ϊ˴ũϸеһĪѹ

һǾһδɻʣǾҶٺ٣λݹ٣԰

ũſ˵Ż˵ͬʱﶼϵðźɫϢڵħ

ħͷǾ۾͵

ũ۾Ц⣬˲䣬ĺɫϢͱˣԭڵħڵ֮

һħһɣȻͬʱϳ֣˹ðҶǾĪôһ£

ũ΢΢Цţڷ䣬Цݿ϶ֺӵũеģʱЦȴһ͸һɹɭ˴ĵ

ǺǣΣûвµʲôأũ˵Żȴħͬʱð˳

ɻʹȻȻôı£Ҳ֪ҵЩģ

Ǿ˵Ȼõһֽļ䣬֪˵ĴϢȴ֪ũһ˵ĴڣѵǸģ

Ǿȴ֪Щ˶ǵõɻʱˣֵıҲһЩйأ



Ž ħħ

Ǻǣ

ũЦ忪ʼ仯ܿ죬һԺڰ˫ɫıƮ

ǱҶȻ˵

ûұɻҵıũЦѱһ¾ۼũӡ

ҽħ˫ǰһģþּƷɾϾּƷħ˾Űͣڰ˳

ũ˵ʱһٹ⣬һֽһֶ԰ҶǾĲм

ҶǾȴٴˣȻ˰ħļƷҪ֪һ֮ħǲݵģοǵļ̬û뵽ȻܵǣƳһԱ

ǾҲӽļУ֪˴ħȻ֪ʲôȷʵǽӣħħ˫ˣ

Ҷһɨӣȴûзʲô֪һ϶źһ㣬ǲ֪˶ĹźѾˣ԰Ҷôǿǰ߶ʵǲǻǿ

ǺǣģλǲԶλֵģӴλҵˣǸȣӮˡǿֱȥڰ죬ˣǾͳΪѪһְɣ

ũЦһ̡Ƶ˿ðͷϿ

ҶֵũĲ֪ˡ⣬ʱҲݲ룬ΪȻũ£ͷħѾʼˣ

ҶǾֻǸũĿǰᶯ֣עħϡ

ħ޵һҲֻϸڲͬڵëһŲĵز·ÿһ綼Ҫһһ㡣

ҶǾʮĬطֿʱҲֻħˡ

ħ޵ط࣬Լǿ壬ҶǾҰȳԼٶȳҶ߹ǿ˰Ҷϵ͵ΪҪȸɵģרĶԸǿġ

ħ˲ҶʱҶһζҶӱǾӣħӭزǰҶǾɫǿȭͷ

ŶȻô̵ʱת˹ҲЩµģũԼ̴Ȥؿš

Ǿת˲ҶλãҶϣתȥ֮󣬰ҶĽƱȻָɳ֯һŴħ޺ǾȫС

ҶĽƷͬѰǰ֮ͨͷħһʮʶ֪Щɸ΢СĶһġ

ȻҶΪʲôС󷨴ڣⲢӰо󷨣ԣӵģħȻûǸũô죬ڱҲࡣ

ԣҶĽУһʮ΢Сȴ쳣Ĳֲǳط¸ǿþǷֽħ

ħȻħ޲ܷ֮ĹȻħ˰ҶĽڣĹֱӾʹۿۣǾͿԾۼǸ

һϺжǾͰҶȻû˵ȴ·˺ܾƵģ˳

ԣũħ޶һ˿ʱǾѾֱӿħ޵һιֱӰȭͷǸϡ

ûаҶĽħ޵Ĺħ޵һ϶شǾǾôɵذȫǸϣǾŰҶôƽ׵ȥȻҲ֪Ҷڤڤеôˣĺܳף

ꡭ䡭

һǿϢħɢһȻըѪζһӱѪɫ

ħϵûˣħϢȫչ¶ҶǾȻ֣ûܵʴ

Ǻı㣬ϰûλκľٶ治֪λϵôĬģũ̴˵š

ǾͰҶũ򣬺ȻԭũӵħԵıʣȫ԰֮ı䣬ħ޿ȫӦĻֻǸӰˣ

ҶǾ֪ǰˣ

Ȼũ̧ͷϿտһᣬȻЦ˵ҸսӵһϢȻ˵ǲõϢǵѾϵڶʮһˣ

Ǿһ֪Ӷʮ쵽ʮһʮ쵽ʮô򵥣һ蹵ԵĽǺ蹵ǻᷢӼǿû뵽ǾȻô͹ȥˣ

ܿ죬ũüͷһ壬һչŰҶǾ˵θһĺϢм˴ˣ˵ҲǸϢΪֿԶһˣ

ˣҶǾ࿴˿֪ʱ˭ѵˣ

˳һ˲䣬ħ˲ԭʧȻ󣬾ȻͬʱڰҶǾߣ·һӳֻħһ㣬ͬצӣץ

ҶǾæֵ˶ħ޵һץˣҶٵеĺ콣Ҫòסˣû뵽ħ޵Ȼ֮

׼һ϶Ҷ˲뿪Ȼһԭأħ޴պôнƣƱַֽħĲħϹһѪ

ǱߣǾſͣһǿзɳмżζĻ棬ǴӽЩȫӭħޣͬϵѪɢࡣ

ֻħ޶һͺ˲뿪һζֻ±һֻ

ʲôĶ

ˡ

ħ͵Ķһķҵ𶯣ȻҶͿħ޴һִֻֻֻֻȻֻȻֱ˰ֻֻ֮ħ˲ԭʧֱѰҶǾΧһֻ

츳죬ͻĶǿɱΪǼ򵥵ķǿǸһĴڣκη㣬һ˵ÿ˶ĸղһħޣںģҲԸ㣬Ǿǣֻܳʱ⣬ٸǣֻҪܳŹʱļ˱ᵽ죬ʱǻͲôˡũе˵š



һ ħѪս

֮ǰһħޣҶеѹһĸѹӵĴˣеϺѹһɽһ

ѹû־壬֮ǰŻζļ˷ܡ

ڸҶٴνּ״̬УΥĸоѪڲѣȻһʱ䣬ָоȻѪҺС

ֻħ޷ֿĸһȶڵʮֻ۾ŰҶҶҲת壬һһǡ

ŰҶתϵԲʼͷŻ֮ͬʱָػţһ˿˿ĵڻ֮зڲѡ

ְʱ

Ҷ˵ţûаϣںϣֻǺ˭ˣǲԼʶģڰʱЩʱĸһʰ

̡

ҶѾһ㱡Ļ֮ʱʣиǲŵ⣬˶Ե

໡ֻħͬʱ˹ƺм͵ϮȰҶ׼Źڹ֮ǰԺΪźţðҶЦеĺ콣ΧĻ֮УԭϸСĵⶸȻ޴ĵɲǼӭֻħޡ

ҶûֹͣԼҲ׼һֻħޣ˲֮£˲ͳֻħ޵ıеĺ콣ɫĹâڵն£

䡭

콣˲ն˲֪ٴΣֻħ޵İ߳նڵħɢֻħҲĺ

һ춯صҶ֮ǰĻȫħ𣬲ЩħͬˡȻǺأȴﵽ˰ҶĿġ

Ȼֻħ޵ܹʮֻ۾øѪˣǱøӱˣҶʶͷǡ

ڲԶۿũɻؿŰҶװҶΪʲôҪŭħޡЩǵħ޶ôǿˣһʧȥǣħ޵ɲֹһҶ𣿻ǣʲôƵеķ

ڰҶ쳣ٶǾΪˣǾͷ˳治֪طʲôǰ԰ƷɾʳֱӳԵաŸǿֱӳԵıŵǣûöõʱ䡣Ͳá

ڣԼֵĻۣͷųںеϸСֻħ޾

ǾĻȰҶĵҪǿĶ࣬Ǽܵħ޵湥һʱҲɢɢҲһԱħһι

ǾҲóذȥһʱ䡣˫һ˭Ҳκβ˭

ǾȻũһְĿ˰ҶϣҲֻаҶ͸ġ

ʱֻħޣɢԽԽϢ۾ĺɫѾʼɢ·ǵ۾źɫһ

Ҷȴظˣ۾Ҳеغ콣ȻתͷȻѽͷ׼Լ࣡

۲ũӲˣʲô߻ˣҪԪӤԪЩĶȴԽԽҪˣе򹦷⣬ԴȫٵҲģǱϾ࣬Ҳ㱣һûٵʱԲеģɱҶɱ

ũԽԽɻʱҶĺ콣Ĵ̽Լؿڣԭƽ콣˽ȥƤ̿ѪһӾ˳Ҷûд̶ֻһسĵطȥ

ĸħȴûΪҶ쳣ٶֹͣǶſ۰ĺɫſͷͷųѪɫĹ⻷ǶſͣҰ׵ȫ¶棬ǿ˻Ǻ

ۡ

Ҷܸо콣̽ԼУ漴һѹдѪź콣̽˿ڣһ˳ȥѪߣ

ҶȻɱо౻ˣţһɹĲзЩȥѪƯڿУЩ΢΢ţɢһ֮ͬϢ----ħ

ǰҶ뷲ʱƶǿṩЩɹɾƣʱֻľеһЩ

ڣҶҪõħתٶȻϣҲû̺ħĶԣֻܷųеѪԼѪͣϸ΢ãѪħѪ

ѪѾˣҶһǺ콣㱻˳ȥԭȵ˿䶯˼¾ȫʧ·ûгֹһ

ܵѪвӰ£ʺīڣмζڷɫĹâ

ȷʵǺɫĹâ·һ΢ϸĺɫһ㣬ܵд̽ţÿһδ̽һ󲨶֮ܵѡ

⣬ĸħ޵Ĳͷű֮ҶתħѪҲԽԽԾǰҶĴ㡣

ûħħҲûУԿٵתħѪֻҪŭĸħޣԽԽǿħԣԼħѪܻ˵ֻħԽ壬ħѪԽǿ

ڣֻħ޵ıǿһޣҶħѪҲΪܵϢ˼ǿ۳һţƮҶͷɫĹâ̽ܡ

ũѾ˵ˣȻ֮꣬ҲǼʶˣԼħͬĴڣ֪Ȼ˿ѪȻֱյħѪħǿ߲еֶΣǰôģΪǷ̥

УħѪȻܵı壬һյôףħ޼ֱΪѣ

̥ҪЩ

ũ૵˵ţ̶һԵʯͷϿ£ȻһͻȻֵڵĶУʧ

Ҷ֣ʱϲƵѾ֮߻֮ˣǴħ

ֻħάżǿķ״̬ͬʱҶ

ȵľһ̣

ǿǿ

ҶͷħѪ˲ֳķֱ֣ӭֻħޣȻҶĺ콣ħطӿܿ죬ħѪطȫײħޣȻʧ

ֻħ޺ܹڰҶǰһߵĵطͣάŹʱƣֻǣȴôҲˡ

ϣһֱůСè賿һʱˡ

ůʬ壬



һһ ¾ħ

ֻħӦȻѰҶΧסˣͬʱҲҶһʽ԰Լм㣬ԵԼϵҪֻǳһ¶ѡ

ħѪڣȻֱӰħ޸ȴͬҶһתħ޵ĳߵĹͨҶɵһߣһߵħײϣǱߵͬˣֵ飬ԿԽңЧԽԣͺһ

ħ޶ãҶûʲô໥֮˳ײڰҶǰһߵĵطﵽһƽ⡣

ǶˣҶƽȴܶģȻܶĲ壬ҶĻƽͻͬʱܵĹǿĳ

Ķ콣ӰҶ룬ɵҶͷϣ콣ıԵɢһȦȦɫĲƣЩƿӹֻħޣԭûħ޵ħѪʼħڼ

ֻħͬʱǱ˴֮ƽҲʧȥǵķӦǿܿٴάǵϿԿǴʱ쳣ʹࡣ

ȻħѪȴаҶطУһЩƣǿƷֽħģһħѪͻֽ⡣ͬʱֽеħħ޵ǿ໹ԴأԣܵħѪǺܿҪܲסˡ

ħ޼ȻħǿߣȻΪǰ£ʹǷ񣬶Ľƽʧ⣬ǻ˶ɱ

Ҷһڣֻħ޵ضԽԽңϵƽܿʧȥˣҶð˲˲뿪ֻħ޻ѾõǿõĿ궼ǶһֻħޣһһӦֻħתΪԼǿͱϢɱճˡ

ҶҪģһμǲħѪѾһϢħޱըת۾ͻҷˡ

Ҷɢħڵش˼񽥽侲ڳµƷɾͷָ;

Ȼֻǵƽ㣬ҲΣյģһСľͽٲڡоգɱǡͬʱҶҲңħȻǿ󣬵ȴߣȻϲ˼򵥵Ľġ

ϢƬ̣Ҷ㷢֣ũȻˣȴջ

ˣˣ

Ҷũ֮ǰĻ˵ﲻᶯ֣ѵȥ˸߲ϣ

ꡭ

һ̶ѰҶһ£ͷһǾһذףһħͬͷֱն£ħ޷ֳ룬Ǵ̶ذħĦ

նħȼ˻ţƬ̵Ĺɢˡ

Ǿնɱĵһħޣֻħ޶СΧסЩСжŻذףʱشħӹֻħȻǿʱҲѾǱˡ

ǾһתͷҶѾֻħȫ𣬲㶣ȻͳҶЦЦæ

ǾһЦˣذף˲һħߣһ̶ĦڶħޱֳŻһҲɢ

ҶǾնɱħޣ֪Լȡɱħ޵ģǾƾűնɱȻڣǾҲһЩҶش̼û뵽ҶȻôͰֻħȫɱˡ

˺ݵǾӶذħޣսҲܿˣֻܹħһؼȻһһεȻɢħ޵Ԫ񣬱屻Ԫڽɢˡ

þûôˣ

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Ĳ˵ʱԶһѾƶ˵ϡ

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⣬ҶһˣǸһֱڷ绪˷Աߣ֮ǰһֱڷ绪˷ߵѾˡ

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ɻʵˣô绪˷ʽһ𣿡

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ܿϢϵǾ˰ҶߣԶ˵һΪʲô֣ԭͼСһ

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ţ

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ղſ϶伤ҵս϶л߳Ǿ

Ļܵһ㶣æʵǰ棿ǳ֣

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һȺСвǧ꣬ҪڴСɽҲֻͨͨСˣʱΪĴðգֻǣáĴһÿ˶ע˲ƽ

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ˣζɳִˡ

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ֻǡЩû뵽Щǵ˵һʱͷ˲Ծû棬ſԼʮɾ

Щƽﶼ໥ʱţʱ¸ӲԣǾһһɨȥ

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һȺڵһϣŷ·޵磬໥ʱ֮⣬ҲŷŭǴӳҲ˵ʮķԣȻΣգҲΪʥأֻ벻ǣһȴ

żطǿ֪﷢ʲôҲӼᶨǼɨؾģлһСʣǾǰȸ洫һϢķ⣬ȴ绪˷ߵסˡȻǱ仯ģĳ߶ۣ߳˵˴·ȷʵӦҼȻǳģûԼĺã⣬˼Ȼǳ˵֪Ҫǵʵ±ˣǡ

Ļû˵꣬绪˷ʱӵǰǰĵӲͦôһЩѪŸ߼ˣ

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ˣһȺҲ봫ϢһϷɣЩԭȱĴڳ۵ֽ¶Զˣ⣬Ҳżıһһϵ졣

ȻиһǾͲҪͣˣЩȥ˭

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ܿüͷţ˭ȻҲؽѾãҲ֪и֣ɻָɵģǶǱȴ绹Ҫļһôӣƺˣ

ֻͷ˿һƬϢҡҡͷ˸оһϢ⣬ûõκõĶҲԥһȺСһ߽˴Ҫ֪࣬ҵǸصĸ˵ɣ

ҶǾֱӴ͵ڰ죬ڰΪԭ򣬶붼ɳĮڣֲֻˣҲǱõģûжٱ䶯

ҪϵھˣȻûжѪȣǱˣ

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׼ʱһǰһ£

˲ͣȻ˵ǲŷ֣һ֮ǰ漸ɴ

ʶؿȥֻһֲ·ֻż粿طš

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λǰȻδǰǰӦǾɣ

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ģһѪծѪģǾ˵Ȼֱȥ



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ŶȻˣֱȥʮ죡

֪ģʯͷеһֻ֣ʮϣȥɽ硣

Ǿ˵꣬˾ִϵļת˼£¹̶

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˿뿪ˣæѴ٣ȻһͨͨʯͷûãǱͨ½Ĵ

ȻûʲôɿģҲûʹıһڳ۵ĳºܿȥھˡ



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ҶʶȻҲܵĸŶȻû˿ã鿴һӾͿһˡ

ҶֲȷǵǲˣǼֱһ߸õʬ壬ԿʬǰߵΪϴźܺõɼף忴һеλƷζˣʱɼѾòҲȫˣõĵطŧ壬еŧ廹Żư׵ŧˮһЩƤţ¶Ұ׵Ĺͷ͸ܵࡣ

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Ҷһ߹۲šһ߰ǱߵľֶͨǾǰչֳǾһ߿ţһ߰ȭͷ߬Ľġ

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Ǿôһ˵ҶһǰʬΪ϶ֹ߳ڣǵǾĵز

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ҶΪǣǰԼΪԼ򼸺ܣȴ͸Ķʬ˵뺷쳣п϶вĵط

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ҶͷԸʬĶûõģǾӦ˴㣬ֻҪЭˣ

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ʬڵĵطȻҶסʼûʲôƵζҶǾ

ҶͷŵĻ֮һذѪȺͶʱǾʬ忪ʼ궯ˣϲɢѪȺͶƺҪָԭĻգֻǣҶԲͨһ磬ʬ弴ҲȲˣԣûöãҶķΧڣһƬʣЩ谭ʶĶҲȫɢˡ

ǾЩҲͷ˳ȥһƬʱҲ˻飬ضǡ

ʬ巢ͳ˻ƵĽڣֻԼһҵϢȴû˿ˣ˺Լ첲ϵѪ⣬һʳѪͻư׵ŧˮ漴Ļոɾ

ܿ죬ʬֻ첲Ͷ˰׹ǣֻһЩؽڴ˿˿⣬ʱǲҰ׵ĹͷųҶǾɱ

ֻһ߸ܵʬ壬ٶȾѸ٣˲ͳڰҶǾм䣬ǲҰ׵ֹǷֱ˲ȥҶֻоǰ׹һΣֹǱѾԼӡ

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Ǿͬˣֻ·飬岢ûб

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Ǿ׼ᣬȻһŴ˲䳯ʬȥͬʱСҲ˲䱩һ޵ѱҶסʬȫ

𡭡

ռһζһűΧĵطײʯͷľӰ㣬һ֧ˡ



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һƬռ֮󣬺ָֻܿԭòǾʬѾʧ٣ȫȫرޡ

ҶǾͬʱһô̵ʱڸɵô֣ǿ䲻⣬Ȼ˿е鷳ˣ

ţҵƺɱ˰

һ὿ĵ˶ҶתͷȥֻԶѪȻУһ˹

Ǿ֮ǰᵽ

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ǾƵƺںǾ

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ƺɱҵˡ˿Ǿֿ˿Ҷ

Ǿ߬߬ȭͷ֪Ϊʲôܾú֣ȭͷôҲˣԼûܵκʽĹֻԼĵײ룬˵ڳ֣

ҶҲͬĸо˵˫ǵˣȻᱻԷòݺλãһ˵ùȥֻǰȴܹ죡

Ҷһˡ״̬ܵľȫܿ졣Ҷǰ㶼һƬããľҲֲʲô

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ϸ۾Ҷ۹гȤȻЦܴ˿

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ҾúЦȻЦˣǺǣǰ׼ҵˣӾǶడ

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ҶĻҲЦ˵Сѣõģ

ɲҪСЩС㿴λǾС粻ǲ˵𣿡ЦſǾõ٩˵š

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ǾͰҶǶˣҪɱҪиɣȻǿ϶㶯֣һ֣κεжԵϢûз෴ɢȫ෴ζðҶǾһûֵɡ

ǿ׼㣬ԣһͺɱ˵ŻͬʱҲκεжԵľٶǾʿͱ˹أָоħһУһǾûָо¶֣вħͿʱʤ

ȷʵǵСƽʱ˵˶غܣһˣͲô׷ӦҶҲǿš״̬ȻģȻ˳ġơԼءơһӴֿӪظоͬʱҲеĹо

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ЩĴھǴģ죬ҸǴڣο



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ҶҲЦ˵˵꣬Уⲽհɣ

Ҷ˵꣬б㾲治򵥣壬ղֲˣ

£Ҷ㲻ٸ˵ĻᣬǾĲãһߺġ

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ôĻ߰ȫûѡ

䡭ꡭ

ղŵǾʬһһŻҲ羵Ӱ֧ˣһƬռ佥գһζռָģǸλÿյһƬѾȫûˣ

𣿡ҶǾûжƺЩ̫ˣһӵʬˣôױɱ

ȻƬ̣һ󡰿Ц



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شһ߳죬ˣЦλֶȷʵǿҲ޷죬ҿ˲ٿడ

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ղŹĿ϶ǻӰҲʲôѵħһӵķ

ҶǾжڲ²š

ǺǣλѾȶˣɾ͸ˣ

˵ţ̧֣žӨָǰһǰȻͳһɼǿ磬粻ͨ磬м˺ѷεıӰԿһ˫˫ȱȫ֫

ЩӰӶʵ壬Ӱ񣬶ЩӰĲΪЩռ꣬磡

һγɣ˲ɨ˰ҶǾߣӦʱ䶼ûоͱ˽ȥ

Ŀ죬ȥҲ죬ҶǾƿȻʧˡ

ٴЦӾͺ׽Ūһ

ҶǾȷԼûܵκιղǿȥǿǺɱ

ŵ˰ɣĵ˵

ҶһȻ󻺻³ҪЩֶˣȻ˷ʤöˣҲǻϰߵģʱɾȫûˣ

ǾҲ˵·ߡһͶҽ㣬ºٸһɱ㣡ûбѡ㲻ֱӰѡڶ

Цҡҡͷ˵ΪʲôҪѡֻһǾˣƾʲôѡأǺǣҸѡɣһ˳ңģҲ˿ҿɲߵ¶ʬ壬ɱǡǾֻҵˣ

ƾʲôѡ񣡡Ǿ˵ٴγСߡ



̾ϢһҲˣ˵ǰƾʲôѡûȨҲûУʵ˵ûκȨɻҲûСеģֻ죬أããĴڰɡ

̾ϢʱǾػѾٴ棬ȻһȻԾ𣬰ذ

Ȼ֮£֮ǰһ֮УǣյĺۼûɢӰٴ

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һԱߣƺ˿ղűĨɱǸǼղĻ⡣

ȻҪɱ㣡

ɱң˭Ȩأǲ˵ɱôˣҪΪǱ㱨Ȩģ

û˸ȨֻҪɱ㣡ǾҲٸ࣬ٴμɱУβյػ𱬣ǽɫ˲Ͱķ飬Ѫˮ͹ͷӣɢһء

ֻͬʱȻţǺǣҾͲµ˵ֻҪɱңԼԼȨðԵȴǺǡ

Ȼ񾭵Цһʱûͣ˼Ǿ̶̵ʱһ֡ɱٳ֡ٱɱѾѪǣǣʼһس֣ءͣЦţ쳣

Ǿ֣֪ܿԼĿǰûа취ˣʵ̫ˣԼûа취ɱһԵذҶְҶ۾֪ʲô

Ҷڡ״̬£ԴӶغԤס˵س֣Ҷֵ֪ع죬һǿȴ϶׽͸Ҷܺǡʬ顱ǸʲôıȻ˹ЧȲ˵֮ǰǾ˵ǸĿãǰþѾʮǿˣǿıɻʾȻϽˣ

⣬ҶҲţûĶΪǿ쳣ķɳҲУ֮ˮ׵ذѷɳ

ԣҶˡ״̬רѰʬȱ㣬ǾӶؽնɱøҶṩѰҵĻᡣ

Ҷ֣ĳȷʵǺԤףͷ·һֱվһ㣬ʵϣ֮ǰûˣնɱҲʵʵڵʵ壬ЩѪҶԿɱʱͷųǿ

ΪʲôΪʲôһǣҲǣΪʲôʹڣΪʲôֲֵټѵһֱôһֱ𣿡

Ҷھ״̬ϸѰţǾֹͣնɱʱҶȻһԵֺ˺ԵĶЩѪȺͶĻɫϢ

һҶӾ״̬иչ۾ŲԶѪϢֿ˿ɢŵԾأҶ΢΢Ц

Ƿ˰ҶЦ⣬ǺɵЦҲͣҶʵ׼ҵС磬ΪʲôЦأǲǷʲôĶˣ

ҶЦȷʵˣⶫܺ棡

˵ţҶ֣ԲٴγӿŨŨ֮ͬʱҶһֻڿỬŻָ֮⻷תģһ¸ӡ·ĴӾγˡ

ǺǣȻǰ׼ҵֱϵǶ֮࣬ǱȻ˷ѣͻôӣţҪʲô

ЦſŰҶû˿⡣

ҶҲӳһףϸµתһϸϸĹ⻪ɢܵȥ

Ӻܿͷɳ˰ҶΧЩѪȵУЩڹ⻪òҲ׷׿ʼϢ

üͷǾҲ۾Ǹתӡ



ҶһȣӾͱըһĲȻɢ֮ЩѪȶϢȫ˱ᣬܿ죬һƬĿռ䡣

ǲûֹ̺ͣǳطĲûбǱԽԽǿˣüͷҲĸˣûһĹĿ֮ȫѪȺͶϢûˣȷе˵ЩϢӿʧϡ

ʱǾѾ˼ǿĽɫ˲һѳǰ



һ 

еĳǾ

ǾûΪ⣬෴Цڿʼˣ˵ɱ㣬ҲĻˣ

ҶѾĹ֮𷲼һʫʶ®ɽĿֻԵڴɽС϶ЩѪȶϢЩϢȫ壬Ҳ˵ʮ죬壬Ǿɱһһ˵ֻǿϵļëѣ˵û˿ˡ

ҶطƬѪϢҲ壬ܲסȻеϢһǰıˡ

ǾĻüͷɿˣղϵĲҲɢȥ²ֽĵ΢ЦջеĳŰҶˣ˵ѣôҵ˹ؼֻҺͨһֶζѣ

Ȼָ֣״ǰ£ǰĿռһ𵴣һڵĴ󶴣Ȼһô˳֪ʬ顣ҲʬãҿԸǣǴģܾǰŵʱ򣬿һǾĸ֣׼ɱʬԨҪɻʵżȻﲻ֪ꡣ죬ҳɹʬסֻǻ֪жǿʵλʵһ°ɣ

ƵҲóһȱڵĽҶǾ

Ҷʱעȴûзڶϣֻ򿪽ŵʱ򣬺ȻӦԼڵĽҲһ¡

ӹźҶ֪ԼڵĽӵ硣֮صһ磬ɽ绹ҪأǣͬʱҲ֪ԼӵнҲѽ磬ﲻͨ磬ɻҲ׽롣

ԣһֱһҶǱظ磬ŴɢͲΪԼúôֻǣõĺôϾ̫١вܸоֲǿ棬һָоܲ͸ֲԼ׵ƷɾЩֻôһ㡣ȫԼܸܵûȥȫ

ˡҶʱδصõİֻǣ̫أһֱûκη

ڣΪȻ򿪽ţĽžȻҲһ£Ϊһ£Ҷ͸оӽдĲǿ࣬ҲŨһ㡣

ĹϵΪʮĹϵҶ˼ţǸҪ⣬ҶŪס

ֻǣµ룬Ǿһ£ҶźȻڵĴңҲ֣Ѿʼˡ

ǰǾʵǴʱʬסгɻʵ

һȱڵؽ쳣أУ⼸õɽȴɢһ쳣Ĺâֱġ

Ǿȫð˻⣬ͷһźɫػɳа㳯תȥѾǿ

Ҷһ˲롰״̬УȻó˺콣ԲʼӿŨŨػ֮

һÿһ޵Ľ¶ˮһ㵴ٵط¶գɼĽµȻֱ̤˿ռ䣡

Ȼһ޵ڰҶȻ͸еһȣȻһƬ𺣣ǾȻ˲ƵԼߡ

ţҶ˲˼һò֪ʲôʱѾԼ󣬶ԼǾм䣬һ󶴣

û˿ʹ࣬˵û˿ֱҶһָղǲһ˲飬ֻǣΣٴѣҶŬȻֻͨ򿴵һһŵӰӣľ˵ʲô˵õٶʵ̫ˣ

ǰӣҶܲ²ⷢʲô

ڸղţһ̤ʱʵѾˣҶȻ¸ǿĸȻкܶģԣǾˣֱ˲ƵҶߣ֪õ׸ĿǰҶֻǣҲûϵõʵȻ֮ǿֱǰѲнԼĻԼһѪͬʱ˱ԼŵİҶ

ǺǡٴЦ֣ñɵߡ

ĺܲû뵽ôǿòҰ׵Ĺͷĵؿ佱ţֻȻһ

ҶǾжɢһů֮ǰµƷɾҲǾһڣͨķʽϳѪܿͿʼᣬһĹǵͻָˣ֮ǰµɾѾȫûˣ

һˣɾʣЩ˶ͨˣ屾Ͳһ㣬ȻҲûвѾǺܺõˡ

ϣǻ֪ܸܲô£ǾҲԻָôܸоǿȫĻָܸȤؿǾͰҶ

ҶǾǸãøǵĸоʵ̫ǿˣѵɻʼģǼǾҲʤʬô죿᲻ʱƣжţ˵飬ʮЦ˼Ȼ˵ǿɲҪŶСһûʱƣҲûƣеĽܿҪʵֻҪҾˣ

ҶǾе˼ֶ֣̫ˣѵҪȥɻ

ȻҶĽһҲ˼£ӽзĲǿ˼֣ɢҲŨЩ

Ҷ΢΢㶣׵ΪʲôٴηоʱһɲһĲӽӡ˰ҶУҶƬ֮۾

ǾҶ΢΢ǰһЩǾԵ˺档

Ǿʵ

һûʮİգֻһԣǾصģԱ

ղһʵ̫ͻȻˣ԰ҶŻᱻ˵׼ҪԼҲףοϣܹأ

СãɣٿٶȣҶ֣Ѿǲں̬ˡû˵ֻЦЦȻߵãñԭʧˡ



һ߽ ֮

УصޣչĲӣĴ۾ǰһڵĴ󶴣ղţǸиоһɺ˵ζʱ޲ܴխĽȥǱߣǸԼļһ׽סƷֻǣȥֻüнˣԼɡ

ûʲôԣȴܴԼ˼ԣͨһ󲨶Щ뷨Ĳ˰ҶУ˰Ҷʶ

Ҷ˲˲˼Ȼ֪ǲ޷ģ£ֻ

ýͬģҶû˿оѾԼ󣬲ΣòûϴɣΪһʮֹ˿ߴӰҶճϣû뿪Զ

סõ˿߻ϽֵµѪʱҶٴţԼȻûзסõʵĺǿ󣬼Լȫ׼ȴǱͱһ

Ҳе޵ȻͨþԼһ˲䣬ֲ֪˿ס

ҶϾ룬ֱóһƷɾСȻϵǸµĿʼָܿ죬һƬѪ⣬˿ȫޡ

ʱûа۾ϡ۾ǲ˼顣

ǾҶָ֮ҲעϣõʵҲľѣоñɻʻҪƵģڡǿĶȴһϸϸ˿סˣôѲˣ˿һҶš

䡭

һڰҶ𣬰Ҷĺ콣еĳײһǾذͬʱسϡ

ǾЦôͲסˣıҪûˣˣ

ȷʵû˸ղŵִݣʲôںȫʧˣʱɻͽ

СӣҵĺӷˣҲݣֽĵټѾȫûˡ

ǾЦӣɣ

ǾذðһƬ⣬Ƶһߡ԰ҶЩã

ȻǾ֪ҶסõģȴŰҶܹѲĹ

ҶεƲƲ죬ڿɲڶԸãǸޣ

֪޳ʲôӣΪʲôᱻΪʲôҪץѵǰг𣿡Ҷţȴ˲䵽ߡеطһų

ղǿ󡣰Ҷ޿κΣڡֻˣ˿ҶҶȻԺ޹˼ɵذصطʩչϣ

ܿ죬ǿ˹ҲҶطĶãҴʱҶɢһɸӹĲ

ɲǿȴһģߺ֪ͣҪʲô

һؽӲԶҶŤͷȥĽʱȥһӣȻǾعƴسҶ·ʱǰҶɱĺӰ㣡

ꡭ

һ΢΢ڰҶȻתͷŽߵãõϾȻ˿˿ѷ죡

ҶȻ׹ӽзֺߺ͵ؿȥһҲǿĲȻ԰ôǿһѣ

ꡭꡭ

ԭȻƽĹͷѾԽԽѷ죬õҲԽԽҶܸоһɹɵǿЩѷ˳ŰҶڵǹɺߺ͵ĲĵĽţȻͨʧ١

ѵʳõ

ҶȻ뵽һ㣬һĽðҶвע

ǾʱҲƣǰӵˣղŻһʲôںӣתۣȻУ˵ԼֵˣԼǿȴֻʵЩң

ֻǷȥǱߣǾȻһֲмʱֵ뷨ˣ˾ôϵѷԽԽʱȻʼˣһѪᣡ

ΣðҶǾüͷָоܲãǳĲãô˾Լǻˣ

ȻֹͣͷѪͣһıзɳ˲㲼ʮ졣

ⱯӰΣֻƾоȴҲ˸ӾͬʱҶҲ֣˶ϵЩѷ쿪ʼ⣬ҪֺЩѷ죬ͬʱҲֹй

Ǿһ

ꡭ

˲һǣǰҶΪԼΪ

һ飬ҶڵǹɲҲͣǸ˿ҲתʧڿУͬʱУ޺ܲһ۾գ˼£Ťͷȥˡ

һжҶһʱܲϰָоתͷһԣȻͷ۾ѪѾʪؿڣȴȻµΣ࣬һ˿϶Ҷȴ֪йơ

ǾսƵһΣ͸Ź죬ԼľǴңʱʱľͷʱỳԼֵȷԣ

ԣǾľЩֻ֣Ҫ֣Լܺ޹˼ɣǣ·붨˰㣬һҲˣ

ֹճаʱڶˡ

¶Ұ׵ЦݣеĳǾͰҶͬʱˣȴûг֣ڵȴ֣˶ԼѾȫ˵Ĳȥˡ

ǵĲĹתͷԼദ͵ȥ

ۡ

³һѪǳѾѪֹһɹɾ˿ǲͨ˿ڣЩ˿ڣ

ɱҶǾȫͿˣ⵽ô£ôɱˣ

ҶˣǺЦϸĵʱҲ쳣ƽĲѡ

ҶǾ֪ԭթܿ죬Ƿ֣ȷȷʵʵˣܿƮɢӣ

˻࿴˿ԡ

Ǿ⵽ô£Ҷʵ

Ǿҡҡͷ˵Ȼӽ֪ݣ˽Ҳ֪࣬ΪʲôɱȻѾˣҲҪʱ䣬Щȥ棡

Ҷֻõͷ֮ǰ˻Ǻܽسܲ鿴һ



һ˽ ֮

ܵЩѪȶϢѾȫɢˣʮһƬԭȵĿֲɭҲȫûˣЩʬ壬Ѫ⣬ʬǣӰʧ٣ԭЩֲСȻڣ֮ǰֻ˯һ㣬ڶˣһսĺۼûУڣͷ·磬ĵϢ

ҶǾϸϸ鿴֪ΪĴﱻƻĵطָˣҲȷϢȫʧˣߵһǺЩҵʬ壬Լͬ̾Ȼ̤˲ԶĴ

ɻʣĻˣһ޵Ůߵһͤǰ˵

ţ֪ˣ°ɣɻʵֱԺ

ǣ

Ůȥͤɻʣ֮ǰĻˣҲˣǲǶЩȥʮ죿

ɻʵ˵ȫǲôģϧ꣬Ҳ๼ǲôģ

ΪʲôѾˣǲ˵Ѿɢôû

ɻ裬˵ڱ˵ɢˣ˵ʬ顣һҲƲ˵ķ

ɻҲƲˣΪʲôܿƣ

ЩҪԵģ͸ʬԣҲֻһܿƲȫʬ飬ҲǵΪʲôһչµԭ򣡡

ɻʵһȺˣǵҫǸط˶СʱɻҵģȻɻԽ̵ǣʹЩһⶼ˳ĳɾ͡ɻʸıǸ绢ͬǵɻġ

ɻʼ˵ʬһֺرıҶܿƾͱĲһ㡣⣬ʬ飬ҪɱֻһǾһʱ֮ɢһٴΣȻԶ

˵һ̾ȻôرĸԵǺã

ӵʬʬƳǿʬ壬Կɻʼʬ壬ԼҲеͬǾʵҪһǾһʱһٴΡûĸɻаգⲻ˵Ը⣬ȫԷɻʣɽߣ

ɻҡҡͷ˵ʲôõĶһЩȥܺã϶ҲлĵطʬȻʬ֮ʬ˻òвŮԸҲ쳣Уʱ񲣬֪ơ

״̬Ǻױ˵֣

ĳЩϣ񲣬սǴģʬҲǴģԣõʲô

˵ͷȻɻ˵һ䣺ɢ֮󣬿ʱ

˿ʼû뵽ʲôţһݣ뵽ʱǲ˵ȫԿԼһʱٸôҲˣ

ȻôıɻʵδģѵɻлֶοӦǿ϶İɡ

֪ɻʲôһؼһԼĿƣп϶İѱʮϣĹâһһ˱㵽ˣʵһƬȫûκβõصط

ȵ˵ʮƺȫûбƻ

óرȥܿ죬ʾ˻棬һȫĻ档

֪֮ǰЩѪȶϢǾʶ赲ȻʲôϢıռȻҲʾǸˡ

绪˷ߵĳۣ۾˸ţһƬƽ͵ĵʮ죬Ӧиصİôѵ֮ǰˣ

ְܿҡҡͷ㱻ˣҲӦôƽͣһսĺۼûУô£

˵Ȼû£ǾͿЩϵʮ죡

һȺ˱ٴν봫ΪǷִͱˣԲ۶֡

ǣŅ̀ţһĵһȣ

æ䱸һԿȥֻһŮˣһʯͷϣϸĵ˵ĹâһȺСһĲѡ

ȻǸոոɻ˵ģʬڣͲʱ֮ǰ԰Ҷǰ¶ţȥȫŮ˵Ӻʹ硣

ǿǳҲ֪ʲôˣж¶ɻ

ȻһЦЦֱӴ͸һȺ˵飬ǵ۾ʧһᣬеļЩʶģܿ͵˹

ʵǰסʲô£

ͬʱҲţŮʵǿ֪ǵѣǵˣһȺҲģѣ֪ǲ׷Ǹ֡

Ű΢Ц˵Ҫȥʮ죿

ţ

ǺΣյŶǵʵȥɾ²ˣ

绪˷ʽӵлǰģֻȥһ̽һµ׷ʲôΣգǻģ

ԼıģıҲģΪãΣգǲģɶŮǲǹΪѿǵġ

һ󿩿Цûʧ˵ʵ֮ǰѾȥˣڣǾͲȥˣ

Ŷ˭æʵ

ţһаҶ׼ҵˣͬҲδɻʴˣһǾأǶ֪ɣû˿˵

˵֣˶סˣǰͷ绪˷ԼСʱҶˣ֪ҶСʱ򣬰Ҷһֻȸ磬ôʮϣǵǾһ𣿣

ѵǴһֱ²ĸ־ţһɥȴ˷ܣѾԼ֣ԾɥҶҲǰ׼ҵˣҶǿ˵ǰ׼ûз˵Ǹֵùעģ

绪˷ʵӵĶ࣬ʡʡӻһЩŭҳһţǰĸȻΪҶѾ࣬ɽ綼֪δɻʣڷŭķŭΪʲôһ̥ôõĸԵȴûУ

ĵŹ⻪ؿһȺ˼ˣ˳ָأ趯ţһ˿߷ɳˣȴû˿



һŽ ·

Ĵȥ𣿡ԼĶʵ

绪˷ֱ˵ȥȻȥǾĸֳ֣ǺѵõģңҲ뿴ǸδɻʵʲôֶΣ

˵棬绪˷ʵг˸ӵζ˿ƲƲû֨Ҳ롣

ȻǲǾȥɣѾ뿪һˣڹӦѾ쵽ڶʮ˰ɣһ޿κεӣ£һȹӣĸӶˡ

ô죬ǿЩӦܸϣ绪˷æ˵Ȼֱ̤˴Ҳ׷׳һ񣬱㶼Žȥˡ

һȥģڽȥ֮ǰͷ˿˵ϵĶŪ

Сʱ򣬳۾Ѿ֪ˣȻȷĸˣȴ֪Ǳߵģﵽ׷ʲôǲҲûʱȥᣬԣֱȥԼϵǸѱ˷˿ߡ

ȴ޾ȵı֣ƺ֪۵ݣЦţ˵ǲҪŪغá֮ǰ˱¸ߣԿǰŵһȺСһûҵ˿ߣһҪֹˣ

ۿ˿û˵ֱ̤˴

ʮٴΰһ֣һֻ֪˹˳ָϣתС

˭˵ֻɱ¾˭˵ݾ飿˭˵Ѫ顭

šָëСҲܵϲš

ֻǽģ۾ȻʼᣬеĹâͣȻɢ޾ĻɫϢΪģ籩һϯʮ죬ܿ죬ٴγֻɫʬ鲼Ѫȶ磡

ϵֻѾһվİ׹ǣ׹ǵضȴûֹͣȻŶҲȻḧš

ȥ棬𣿡ϵС˵

ö˼졣ȻƾշٽţһԭССȸͷȻʼתۡǸҶڵʳ³ˡԭһ·ʲôҲûƵġ

һڵض³֡ȻñȥӰˡ

ҶǾ˵ʮ죬һӴеһɳأѹһɽƵģ̧ͷȥȴʲôҲûС

ʮϣĵһƬЩֲﶼţһЩɻҲ޾ɣٻֱ̱һҲ

ǿѹȣô£Ǿ۾Ź⣬ȴʲô

Ҷ۾ͬʲôȴֵض

ͨ򣬰ҶʮϣһСһĶЩС֮ûжֻŨһЩԼǾҲû⣬ֻǰҶȴеط֣Щ޺ŨһһС򣬹һޱȵ󷨣ʮУǸеĳѹ󷨵һֱ֡

ǳİҶȻֲǳأ԰ҶܿͰǰŪһ㡣

ʮ󷨵һ֣ЩŨһĵط㣬ЩһֱƶãԺѲǸܵѹЩвƣóȻʮߵĻ϶󷨣

Ҷ˵ǾȻ֪Ҷ֪ģȴŰҶĻʵȥʮĴڲԶǵ᲻ᴥ󷨣

ᣡҶ֪˵Ȼ˵Ҫҿ󣡡

ǾͷҶһ˴

̤ʮĵطҶǾеһӱˣǺһӵһ磬ҶæһסߵǾ˵ǾߣǧҪ˲ӣ

ضӣǹ½룬裬˷ֲ£û߼İҶǾһվߣһˣȴȻΪҶȷȷʵʵǰĵ·

ƺֻЩãʮΪߵ޶ѾˣʣµĶǲߵ飬ԲܵԻ󣬷ЩǸߣǿ˻ܵԻ󣬲󷨵ˣֶκܸߣҶ˵

ȻȫӣڰҶУȴܿ塢͸Ҽ󷨵˽⣬ȫ߳ȥͬʱҲԲ󷨵˲ȤУҶһЩǳӰӡ

Ǿ˾˵Ǹ޳ʵ˲õģӽ֪һһһķǳ㣬˵ǲ󷨵ĺñֻǽҲû

ǳ㣿ȻǱӦ̺ǳ󣬼㲻ȫҲ϶ͬͨģ

ҶĬĬš

ڰҶǣ£ʱߵ뿪Ĵ󣬶ʵϣĴֻʮɵľ룬ԭȻΪ󷨣ǿͻƵĻҪĸʱ䡣

̤뿪ĴķΧȻʮָԭӣͷ·ֻôһ룬ǾҲʼ̾󷨵ǿˣȻԼ

̤봫ֱȥ˵ʮ죬ͬģҲѾ֣СʱǾ̤ȥʮĴ

ͣһֱ˵ڶʮϣûһˡ

ڶʮûκ󷨣ͬҲûзκεˣǾɫȴѿˡ

Ǿڶʮϴóһʱ䣬ϤĺܣڣѾĿȫˣԭȵɾڳһƬĮȥǻɳһ㣬͸һɱĮϢ

Ⱥ쵰Ϊ˶ɹʮǵȻƻ

ڶʮ쵽ڶʮһҪһǵɲǹƾܹȥģҪһΪǡԼǵһʥеĸֿܻ˲䱻ĨɱһΪȴܴȥԣǵ˱

Щȴһּ˵ķǾǳڶʮ֮Ȼֱǵϣһ˵

ַû֪ȴûùΪһܻܿʮ죬ңһģѾûбҪǵˣȻΪҪɹǵҪĽֻƻңǶǾнŽˣòַʽˣ

ˣǾҲӵķŭˣ



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յżŵĵڶʮ죬ҶǾû˼ͣȥȻŭҲֻ뿪ȥ׷Щļһǣ

Щֶλٻʮ죬Ҳ±֪常ˡ

ҶһϷɣһеš

ڶʮûдֻܷɣңǰ滹ǵ·

·ʱҶѾٴóɾǾʳ˿ǾǶصķʽųķˣҲԷĵʱϢһȫŷɡ

˲֪ãҶоָĲˣʶ·ſȻǰѾˡ

Ȼǵǵڣ֮ͷϣޱ޼ʵģȫһƬżǵĹҲһţڰгļµϢûдﵽʥ˶е粽У

ǵ֪常ζɹġ

Ҷ˵ţһԵǾҲ۾ҲָĲˣͷϵĺڰ˵ҪʵȻҪǻۣҪܵϢǵΣյϢ˸ǹ⣬ǷǳңԶĺƬУҲ

ǹҲڡȴǵתΪʮϢ·ǹ˳ǵϣһеĴ˲ƶˣҪ϶ʮһ죬ֻܶɹǵŻá

ǾЩΣŽͬСͨҪЩסҪϹŵһЩŵرҪǿķظԵȻɽŽңַسɹʺֻܵͣطɴĽŽַҲط䱦ĿǰҲֻɻ֮Żɣ

Ҷƣнţнȴʹãʹãܺ׶ɹǵˣ

ǵ·ǱֻӲˣҶ˵

ǾȻЦ˵ϾֻǵڶʮϵǵҵʵӦܴȥЩһôԼҲסǣߵһЩʱ䣬Ǿƫƫ⣬ߣֱӴȥ

˵գǾĻЩСûпںذףС磬ÿһֻСˣʱǾһյ硣

ǾֱӴȥʵϴ״̬һ㶼ûбܻ䣬ӭһǹ⡣

ЩǹӲԶܣסǣסҪһʱ䳶ϣֻҪסҪζУ

ǾڰҶ𣬶ȫʧںڰˡ

Ҷʱ¶Ц૵ǾȻôңǹһ䣬ɲһʥĹҿɲֱӲ

˵գҲǵУûж谭෴ҶеһƻϢ

ǹϹʱڵĺƬȻ̺һЩζֻǲ֪ЩǹǲҲ̺ǳĵ

Ҷǹ⣬ɨܣͬʱҲжԱǳ

˼ǹؼ󣬰ҶܿҵһЩõĶ

ȻЩǹȥ£Ҳ޹ɣϻûаеǳֻҪ͸ǳƣЩΪ壡

Ҷ¶΢ЦǾЩҵĹʱֵǹжٲά裬ȴ뵽˿뿪ط

ҶȻֹͣ˷УϵԲͷųһЩ֮ΧܣȻܲ˼ţ۾

Զһǹ⼤ת۾ʹ˰ҶϣҶû˿ֵ߶ܣȻǹԼϣǹǿײҶһӱˡ

Ҷüͷһ壬طıԼ֮׺ȻеҲȣ³Ѫɼǹ֮ǿ

㱻ǱҲû˿ɳۣܿ죬һǹͬϣٴΰһȥ

Ȼ󣬱ǵĵԽԽǹϣҶҲ粨ӿеСһ㣬ʱʱ£ʱʱҡ

ҶʼղŻ֮ЩطͬʱڱǹʱҶ΢΢һ壬ʼû˿ЧűеĴԽԽ࣬ҶʼǵȥȻǱŷɵģ

֪˶ٴΣҶȻֻ΢΢˶壬ȻӾͲϵسȥһʱ䣬·Ҳǹһһ㣬ڰȫûйɵĶϵسһȥ

ڣһǹҶȻתߵ壬ֱӭһǹ⣬Ȼ֮£ֱسһȥûзɶԶһ𣬰Ҷڰʧˡ



뿪ڰͬʱҶ㳤һͷֹ̾·ķҪгĻ֮ܣ治֪ܲܳܵסôεǿҹ

ѾǵǹⱾĳЩСһǳĹ켣Ȼֱӿǹ˳Ȼоãʵϣֻ˼ʱѣַҲܹǿҪúüʱ߸

ţڿЩǹҲûʲô˵ģӦÿֱӸǾ·ˣ

뵽Ҷ̧Բ֣ɢŻ֮Щ屻ҶһߣǰȥûԶǰһȦȦ֮ǵС

Ҷ۾ڻ֮ϣȻһܴķΧѰǾӰ

鱾ǿģǵҲǷǳģҶһҵǾԼҲֻǾûоԶ˰ʱҵǾǾڵֵӶǹ⼤䡣

ûжĶҶֱӰѻ֮ɵ߰ǾϣǾᣬǹ⣬˳Żָ֮ʼƶ

˻ָ֮ǾʵֻһʱǾ㴳һƬǵ磡

Ҿ֪СӲ򵥣Ȼ˿ٵؾ͹ˣҸ˹ܹҲûһʱ䣬ЩһĴҪˣ

ճǾ㳨Ц

Ǿﻹʮһ죬ȻָָȻֱӳȥ

ţ

̧ͷޱߵ磬ʼȫָղĵ



һ 촫

ҶǾȫʮһʱȴȫʮеЩС

⵽ʲô󷨣ôô죡

绪˷ţеĽһᳯ߿һᳯǱ߿еȻڣıɽûô

ıҲֻܿʲôҲˣҲֻܿűΪ·ֻ֮ҴڣҪƽҽϸ񣬴ʱҲˡ

ȻûдȴüͷȻҲкöȴûá

ܿȥյģЩԭһ㶼Ӱ죬ֻЩܿ󷨣ӰΣȴѲĺܣ治֪ʲô󷨣

Ƶţ֪ԼȻûпҶǣ˵ҶѾȥˣ˸ӵ󷨰ҶѾȥˣԼȴͷ԰ҶʵʼԻˣϵţҶǿʲôز

ͬƣʱȥܾˣܿһ뿪Ĵ󣬿ɾ߲ȥһεѹǲϵ***Ǹоͺ˭Ūһ㡣

һȺУΨһûнľǳۡǰ󷨣۲֪Ĵ㡣

ӦΪ˸·Ϊʲôôûأ

˵šͬʱҲȥƳǰ󷨣ܵȫһ塣Ҳ޴֡

ֹһʱ䣬۸еϵ˿߶˶ȻȻȻתһٽţ㲻سǰȥ

۲ûиоԼƣֲضȥͺԼһʱĳ嶯ɵģҡô˳Ÿоߣܿ죬ͷ֣뿪ĴԽԽˡ

ֶΣ˿Ѳɾʬһ֣Ȼ˿

ܿ죬۾뿪󷨣̤˴ķΧҲ·Ȼһ㡣šоߣͬ뿪󷨡

˺ܿ춼˴󣬴໥˿ʵΪʲôղŴô߶߲ȥȴͬʱ˳Ѳ󷨾ҪŸоߣ

ôߡѾˣǿЩȥһɣҶǾҲôˣֻҪЩҵǣʣµͺðˣ绪˷ֱȥһ졣ҲǣҲ׷뿪ʮ졣

ںļУﲼ˸ʮһع󷨣ʼʱ˺ߣȻôҲ߲ȥֻкȻһָоǲŸŸоߣ뿪󷨵ԣҶֱӽУָо֡

Щ˿һúأ

ζָÿһָ϶һ˿ߣЩ˿ͨһڰĿն֪ĵط

ԱŵһũˣǰħЦ˵޳಼õ󷨣һǵʱģ㵹ãֱӸ˼·ˣ

ߣʲô಼ãǳڣС󷨻գ۵Ĺ˵ҪӵӦǰҶǾɣ˼ҶѾ϶ʮһˣЩ󷨻ʲôã

ɲô˵һ˴͸Ե𣬲ԶкȻһڶһ˴˳

ͷɢһ򵥵İۣ潣üɾ䣬ֻŵĶŲõĹâ޳ʣеĶȻǳ

ôô˵ͷʵ

󷨿ɲգ۾ɵأǿҺܶΪأУȻϵĿٴǵȴҲѾմȾҰﲼõضٺ٣Ϊ󷨣ʵǽ󷨿ʼһֱţֻûзѣ

޳Ц˵ҲȤʵŶΪʲôûôЩ·ǲҲûȫ󷨣

ûĶڻǲ˵ˣò˶ôҾͶܿˣ

Ǻǣ˹ˣ˵ҲաǰҶǾ˺ܿͻᵽʮ죬˵Ҳ˲ٹܲ˵˵ʲôʵ

Ҳ˵𣬺ܿǾܿ󷨵ϸڶʮ죬ҪĻҪ๦ԣұʮ춼ó˴ֻҪ̤Уͻֱӱ͹ʱǾͿֱӼʶˣ

Ŷħͬʱȵû뵽޳ʾȻǳֱʮϲôɻʶġ

ǾĿԴɡ

ҶǾ˵ģܿͨ˶ʮһͶʮ죬ϵѪûʬ壬ֻѪҲȫȫѪ졣

ûϵˣڵڶʮϵĴԱߣһˡ

λǰ˸֮ǰǸһ͵Ľе

ҶǾûжپȣǿʣʲô£

˹ҵΪ츳ϵԿֱӻͨϢڶʮϣҵһ˶ɱңʮ϶󷨣һҲҶΪһֻޣվͱˣ֪ʲôطԣΣ֪ǰ

󷨣ҶǾͬʱʮϵЩ󷨣ô󷨣ʮ춼ǵ󷨣ֻǸ޳

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ȷʵǴߣеƴ󣬲ǶʮϵĴûʵش

ѵֱӲõĴ󣿡ҶǾͬʱ뵽һ㣬־ò˼飬֮ĴǺܾúܾǰµģǱһ漣ҪĴ󣬺ѣɻʳҲܣ뵽֮ҡҡͷ

ȥɣۼΪʵǾ˵ֱ̤С

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ûȥĴ鿴ǾʼûзκζǲƭҶɫȴѿ

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ȻǴ󣬶⴫쳣ңǧͷ޴׽Ҳ֪ᴫ͵

ķΧҲȷ𣿡

Ӧòɽ硭Ҳ½硭ȻʮϣΪеĹؼʮйأֻҲ֪ܴ͵һ죡

ҶܾȣȻ󷨣ԼǳҲһʱ벻ԲߣǸ

Ǿûжٹ˼ɣ˵ֻҪʮϾû⣬¾Ǵ͵һҲûϵֱɱиоǻȥŲţ

ǾƵ۹⣬ҶȻҲָо˵ͷ



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ǹţ˱ֱӴӴ̤ȥʱ˸Ľ⣬Щû˿˺ǲϵϾһĹ˾ͳι룬ܶɢĹ⻪

ȻǾ͸еһһɣٿܣѾȫģ

ȻǺֶΣִƺֱӰʮ챾вǳӰӣнζ˵ִͱ˽ĳЩĺǿҶ˵ţϵĹâȫɢ˳ȥ

ǾҶߣϵĽⶼûˣʱҲѾ뿪˶ʮ죬ȴ֪һ죬Ҷǰľʱ֪ڿ϶ڶʮϣΪǶ棬վżˣ

ħ˫ũһͻʯͷϣ̴ڰҶĳ֣ƺһҲ⣬۾û

ũԱһŹǷ꣬һ޾ɵӣʱָűǿףҲſˮһǷϵӣȴɢһǳΣյϢ

Աһˣ·壬òãһ˵һ̡˵ȻǸ޳ˣ

޳ʵһߣһԺȾƵˣĺ˹ģǺȾƵؼȴ쳣ţؿڵһƬѾʪˡ

⼸⣬һŹһԣҶҪ鿴ʱǹȴԶɢ˿ҶǾͬʱ

ǺǡλּˣĵЦŴк

㲻ѾôҶʵ

Ǻǡ˿ſڣЦô˾Ͳٸ𣿺ǺǣСһǺܼ򵥵°

ٸѾɢˣôܸ

Сܵܣ첻Ұ첻Ǻǣ벻ѧ㣡

ЦĺġҶǾѾسȥɢȻٸǸɱ

ǾæҶ⼸˾ˣ

Ҷص˵ֻô

ũֻһѽľԱߵǸ꣬л磬һӡ

Ǹ̵ľ޳ʣߺȾƵĽˮеط֮ˮ

Ҷû˵ֻ˼ǰһÿһųʵԼһսʤοǶ壬ĴĻаʤ

ǾҲͬ뷨Ҷ⼸ÿһʵҵͣеķǹ졣ֻһǶͷûбҪӲ׼ܡһл

ҶͷҲ֪ɽڲûգңĿǰҲֻ

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ûȰҶǻӦԹ˵ؽˣǾ˵Ĳ࣬еصط˵ĸϸһЩ

֪ħ˫ʲô𣿺Ǻǣ´ˣֻҪǿǺɱģû˿˼˵

ũܻ˵ӣͱϣ

Цţ˿죬˵ʲôڰȱǣһͷʡһỹûǾˣô죡

⻰ܴ󣬰ҶǾ

ũԱߵһ磬ֱ˵ȻˣҾֱ˵ˣҵȱŮ硭Ůڣҿ϶ᶯ֣ϧˡ

޳ҲЦЦ˵ҵȱȻͣסˣȻһԵ˵˵ɣ

ʲôúߵģЦȱ㲻ǡףƺûʲôȱ㰡

ͣһ£Ȼ˵ǺǣҾ˵ŵ㣬Ǿ㲻鷳ȱ㣬Ұɡ

ҵȱ㣬»ҵŵ㣬𣡡ˮ䣬ͽ˳

ǺǣСȤֱ˵ȱŵ㣬һͬһ

ЦŰ˿ÿȻǾ˵ǾڿȫǻСػûԵػ֮˭ʤ˭ܻ˵أ

޳ʽ˵λ˫飬˴˶ѾˣһҪλһ飡

ҶǾ޳˵ԴЩѡһ֡һһؽӮˣЩȥʮͣˣǾʹֹɣ

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ιιһû˵ҵȱأȻЦؿŰҶˣ˵ǲɱҸǣһʱ֮ڣȫĨɱһٴΣҾҲˣô˵ȱɣ

˵꣬ٴοЦڰҶǾУȴԵ쳣̶

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λɣһ֣ǾԲֵģ޳ֺҶǾ࿴һۣͷǾʲôıǶˣЩȻ뿪Ļıסһ

ѡ顣˲;ˣǽֻһ񣬶ԷˣȻ˫ͬʱ˲ƳȥԵһԡ

Ҷѡ޳ʡǾѡˮ

ôѡҡʵֻҪɱһξӮ˵أһǷˮģһ

һԵлֲ˲䣬˵˴磬ϲǣ͸ˣ˺úýѵСӻˮСӣ

ãЦ֣һŮ㣬ȻȻһΪת۾ͱֱվڰҶǾԶͬʱ˵ɲҪˣ

ҶǾȻڣжֻжԷˡ

㻹ѡңˣǻˮͷ˭ǿ˭ƣ

ˮ˵ţѾɢɫĹΣһʱ䣬߾ͷ·˺

ǾҲɢɫĻϢЩϢĵܿˮˮſ

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һԵ쳣صۣţϿ쿪ʼƾУ˭ʤ˭ܻ˵أ㰡㣡

Ǳߴ󺰴УˮǾûóȻֻ֣ǲϵǿԵƣҪһεؽӴѹסԷܿ죬ˮ𽻽֮÷ӿ

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Ҷ޳ʶû˵ֻǻ࿴ŶԷ۾ƺһж۾ƵġĽ

ҶߵܿͱεĽƼһߡҲǰУǣҲҲƾУʤɣ

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绪˷ʽӵǵһֱǹ״̬ǾǵʥˮƽҲѹȥοǸûʥΪҳ嶼ް취Ǿ͸ûָˣһԵĳ۵ͷ˵ҵ˼ĿǰѡһǷأȥ϶ΣաⲻΪģ֮óȻ룻֪ͨü˹Ƕɹǵ

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ǣǹȥˣǾŰҶǸԿԼȥģ

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һ߿ţ۾ԽԽû뵽ô̬ǵҶȻܿԼɹȻǰ׼ҵˣ

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Ȥؿ˵ر飬ǰ׼ҵķ̥Щͬ˴󣡡

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δɻʣȻб£ǲȣǻǿЩ֪ͨɣ˵Ȼֱеı﷢ѶϢ

Ҳ׷óԵر˴ţ۵΢΢˵ȻѡǾϢȼ˹

ϥָһ·ƣƺûо飬ʱͷ룬оƺܲ

λȥҫķ绪˷ʣȻһĸоæоߣܿ죬һ캰



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绪˷Щ⣬ôȴǵһͨģ۷׷ף˵Ȼ·ԻָһЩֳȻֱӹȥ

˷׷Ӧͣȴ˵Ѿ֪ͨ˼ˣҪߵĻǲ֪ͨȥ

绪˷û˵˵뻹ǲҪˣ·ãǸ֪ͨȥ֪ͨǲˣôǲã˵Щ˹֮ҲýӦǣûз֣ѾԽԽΣһЩǵҲó

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˶ͷγȻϡ棬һһѪȣҲܡղ֪ͨ˼֮кȻ䶼һʯͷ㣬֪ͨˣҲòס

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˶ˣҲ޻˵ͨ˽Լ飬ڵΣüԼɣ

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ҲЦЦ˵ܲǺķʮϢ̳ɵͨ·ҲҪΣʱ췣ɲôܵģԼ·ãʲô¶Լģ

˵ŵͬʱҲǼµļһһȺ̬Ȼեʮ֮һȺСһе췣ĳ

ƲƲ죬˵˷ʣϢһ֪ʮһʲô׼ȥ

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һȺȻûжģΪʱܷǶֻͣг۲ʱ۾Ͽգ૵ôоһѹ֣ѵʲô𣿡

Ҷ޳ʣ˴ӽû˵һ仰û޳е̽ǳ̣ݻǧǳݱ䣬Ҷпǳһ㣬ǳ̼ûǳô嫣ҲǳһЩ裬ǿ쳣

ǳ̣޳ֻҪһܲٿеǧǳͿԻ޳ʵֱۣʶܸӦκεط󷨲ãٶȻ׼ȷԣ쳣ĸߣν

ҶΪڣ˵ǳ̸ӷ㣬ֻǣȫҪҶԼƣһЩ󷨲ҪͬʱҪٿءݻԣĳЩ棬޳ʣۺһʱȴ˸൱

ڣҶǹ㣬ҪСЩ˸ݲеǹ⣬һĶͨͨһʥҲѲƤ

ǹСһ߲ʵ⣬Щ쳣ϸС·һ쳣ǹ֮εܵǹ׷𣬾ȥޡʤգʵϣһǹľһǻ˲以𣬻ޡ

Ҷĵطǹûˣ޾⣬޳Ǳ෴޳ȫ⣬ĵط޾ǹ⡣

ǹ⿴ȥƯȴ˾ó󷨽ȻϿʲôһԵϾܿЩǿˣΪѾɱ˺üˣÿһҪôǹ⡣Ҫô⣬һ壬̫µıһڻ߽ˡ

ϧϧôƯȻ߽֪ٴθѾվغԶˡһûע⣬һǹԼǿҪһΣȻԼÿʱܻЩǲϲָо

ڰҶ߼žһǾˮսЩ춯ˡ

ѾɵĺԶˡһߣȫǻһߣȫˮˮ֮ǡžͣ硣

ˮеͣ·һƬطޣʮϣرͺĳȻɵ󷨣ԣſֵס˵شݲС

һҲվԶԶģͬҶǱߵһҲ˺üˣǻǡˮ͵ߣǺǵģΪ˰ȫֻܷɵԶ㡣

ƣǹҲƲ˵š

ιǴ㣬ٶȣٴһҲֲʤģ

лʯͷϣһ߿űǿףһ˵

Ҳͬʱ򰡣ҪôĥĥģЩֳʤ

ս˵ȻҲ֪ĿǰΣ۰Ҷ޳ʻǾˮһʱ䣬ǸֲʤӦǼʮ궼ֲܷʤ

ȥǰ취Щ취ҶǾôš޳ʺȻ˵ˣ벻Щս

ŶֱͶҿԽܣҶֱӻӦ

Ǻǡ޳ʺǺЦԭΪǸʵֵˣû뵽Ҳô

ҶҲЦ￴ʵֵ˵أЩսͶ⣬бķ𣿡

޳ҡҡͷ˵ϻ֮⣬иʢëɻʣҲһֻ

ʢǺǣҵã

޳ʵϢԼҶʱʢʱܰ޳ʵǹѹȥͬʱ޳Ҳһ㡣

ԼʼջˣͶ𣿲ֱ˵ҲջȻҿɱ׼ܿƺһһʧ֣ԩ

޳ʹЦ˵ȤȤð꣬ȴڹƽò˵˲֪ʱѾˣ㻹˵˼ЩĽĵطȴЩˣҪΪԼ츳ѣɽӣ޷죬Ҫ֪㻹ɻʣȻվС

ͷѣ㲻˵һˣЩ˶һȺΪļһͼڱʮ죿ͼ۸֣Ǻǣʹ˾ǲãЩʵʵ飡޳ʣʲôӶóɣҪڷϻˣ

ûзϻҲû˷ʱ䣬ʵҵĵͷˣڸ㽲ܽᾭ飬֪ҪСκˣκζ

Ҷ޳ʻԣкȻһͻôһֵĸоѵˣôһҲûв

޳ʿҶûлӦЦ˵ôоûʵ˵ɣǵսûʼʱ򣬾ѾעˣǾǣǾˣ

Ҷ£ȻⷶΧʱ˺üӿ̵ĺˮһ㣬޳ѹȥ޳ذеǹⶼƺȫںҶ⡣

ȫ㣡Ҷһеⶼѹ˹ȥ

ܿ죬Ҷͣסˣʮֹͣȫ⣬Ҳȫͣ˿УȻܿʼһ飬Ȼɢޡ



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ô£Ҷеȫֹһ㣬ԼϢͣ

ڰҶܶת˲ˡ״̬ŷ֣ԼܲķģЩ״죬֯һ𣬻ʱ任ţȥʮеİҶ֪Щĵ

ЩĶǴģûʩչĺۼô£

ЩľͺɵģҶǲǣֱصԼˣǺѵģ֪Ӧ޳ֽţʲôʱģģҶȴһ֪ˡ

ҶضԭأǾ̶ͬ˿С

Ǿȶˮûгûǳ޳ʺι޳ʣŸտʼôˣһûأ

һԹսºϳһ壬Ц˵ʱȥ²ŷֵĿǻȰ°ɣ

˵ţɵ˰Ҷߣһֻ쳣ָ֣ڰҶḧЦСһ͹Ǻǡ

Ҷ˵ϧ͸Ųһ⣬Щɵطɢʱܿǰһɫ֮⣬ֻȫˡ

Щ˲֪Ҳо򡣰ҶǾ˵

ڣЩ䲢ûֹ֮ģɵķһġǳ׵ģɨǾڡ

ǾҶֱǾӴˡ

ףܴǾڳҶϵȴʶȥ

ܣط

طǺǣǰ׼ҵضĺҵʶȫƾôŬˣ

ҶǾû߽ǣ쳣ɣɵʵǾƺһҲż

Ǿ̾һ˵żҲûˣ֪ϵʲô𣿡

һɢϢķģҲף

ŶȻܿģǾǾȣȻɻʵѡһһСС˵ʱһʥǰ˵ܾǰһɻʱħ롣㱬塣ҿһɻʳ֣סһħ룬ɻʼӿħܱЩסΪ˻п

ǰǰôҲ벻ҾȻҲһᱻȻҲɻʣ룬ƺҲֵˡ

ɻʣħҶʮ𾪣ɻʷԲͨɻܱȵ˵ģħǱŰϢļˣɻʶ룬Ϳ֮ˣ˵ĴڣȴȻܱסǿʲôز

ܺʹô޴Ľôһ׶ûУҶԻѵķϢûκԤ׵ط޳ǿɽˣ

Ǿ˵Ϣģ㻹ǵͨʮ𣿡

Ҷһ㶣ʮΣǸսʮ죬ڴΧھ͸е˳صѹȻҶͷʮ춼Ũ쳣ۼ㣬ЩСźһ㣬֮γһ󷨣ذѹ

ʱҶͶԱǳ󣬺ܿҵ뿪ķѵʱһ󷨣

Ҷϸ˼ţǾֱӶ˵ʵʱһʱҾ͸оһָоƽûκΣգԭΪֻѹĲмû⣬û뵽ʱѾһճˣ

ҶһǾĻȻ׹ָоûйֻǰָоȻĸоͺ̫»еůڱѩеһûƽϣ룬޳ʷȫȻʱӦҲȻĸоԼ֪޳ʲԼԶҲ֪ЩȻĸоѾ˲ٿˣ

ǿһˣ

Ҷ̵֪ǿ󣬵ϾֻǷҪ˲ٿأԼ壬ֻǱ棬ʵ޳һֲٿصģûǸǳ̶Բǳ˵Ϊ壡

ҶǾڰţļյһ

޳÷ֱӰһİҶǾһ˱ԭƣϵû䣬֪ǻˣ˻Ϊֻ쳣ʵĵأ

ôҵ󷨵ĴۣΪ״ҵ󷨣ڣǳ˿޳Ц˵

ЦʵôЩСһأҸ·ǲҲˣ

޳˵ǿ϶ҪƵģǿûǸܵңҲϵĶҪҲùؼʱ򡣡

л˵ˣˣ֪Ǿͱˣڸð˰ɣҶҪˣ

Ǻǣһæģ

ˮһʵ޳ʣǶҪʲô

Ǽһ·Ϣһͼȥģ޳ȴ԰꣬Ǽ޳һŵģ㶼뿴Ҫʲô

޳ˮʻЦ˵λǵڼ죿

ʮ죡ôˣ

أ

ȻǶʮˣôˣ

޳һ֣зɳһĨ⣬ڿнݻʮ㡣

˵Ķʮ죬ʮϣ濴ȥǶʮ죬ʵϣ֮仹һϣ

ˮɻʵǵû˵ʮ˵ʮ֮仹ʲôѹĵط

ǵۣӶʮ쿪ʼÿһ춼ۣʵ˵ֻǸıʵĿ飬½˵̧ͷ飬˼˵һ˿£鶼ţԺɱӦŶ˵췣ɣ

û췣ǵ飬Уôֱȥ϶ֱܵ췣˵ֱӾͻҷˡ

лһͷ˵ˣˣ޳ʣ֪ԨҪʲôЩ˵ҶЩûȤ



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ǺǡлĲͷ޳һҲûӣȻЦǺǵ˵Ҿֱ˵ˣҪ˰æɹЩϣ㱻췣ʱҲܷûϵھģǾֻҪҾˣ

лȻһν˵֪ɣ

޳ЦҡҡͷֿҶǾǱ߿һ㣬ֱ֣ڰҶǾͷϡ

ҶǾ۾Ȼţȥ鶼ˣֻܿǰһ㶫ҲˣһյĺʲôҲˡ

޳ʰͷϵֻܸӦġ

ҪʲôеͷȻһ˫֣Ǿæʵ

Ҷһֱעżˣ֪Ҫʲô˵ǾģڻûɱǣҪ췣

췣Ǿһ㶣Ȼ˵ĸֱӣ췣ɻʶĨɱģ

ҶҲ֪˵ʲôˣʱ˿̣˵ʱˣûκζæ

ħ롢ź϶ԼΣѵʱԼʾֱӵİڣûħ룬ûҲûйźϣʱԼĽҲû˿ʱ·еһ㣬ֻܱһơر˰¡

еΪʲôҶȻðôһϤģİ⡣

ƺʱ̶˼ȴʼûһ̶Ĵ𰸣Լǿü˿Լֻȷ

ͬһ⣬ȴûй̶Ĵ𰸣ʹȻɡ

ҾҪ𣿡Ҷİ⣬ƺûȷеŹԼǰԼ˱վҲܻữΪģ֪ΪʲôһθоȴһˣƺһĬĬظģ

İĴʰҶ뵽ڰ׼Էʱⷲ˵ĵ꣬һת۶ţҪԣʶ⣬Щ֮ԶԶǱȲϵġУЩˣǵʶһʱֿмֻصϢɽҲӵУǲģһľ˭ããľٶȻӵĿ졭

Ҷһ常˵ػһţû뵽ҲЩһ˿־壬ƺȷ˸ӿ־塭

Ҷ뵽Լڷһʱ䣬Ҳͨһرķʽ˷𣬵ǱϾǼٵġ׼ԣẦ£֪Ǽٵġȴһʵʵڵв¡ҶеˣеĻҪֲ

Ҷһ㲻֪ǾǣԼʱ޳ȻǲɱԼǻҪԼǾǵ֣ԼˣǵҲͶ׷ˡ

ȻҶееĳһֵ֪ԼģҲǽأ޳͸ͽġ

ȥǴҶ֪ǲ⣬Ƕ޳ʵĿ֮µȻϢ

Ϣ룬ҶָоԼеϢʼϢ£Ȼ޳У

ȥϢȫҶָӣ·һϢͳ޳ʵƵء

޳ʷֱӰҶǾǸԵϢȻ󣬰Ϣһ𣬷·黨һ

ҶϢ峺ˮһ״ǾϢǻ棬˵Ϣ֯һû˿·һ޳ʴࡣ

ģҶоԽԽڵϢҪˣȻܷ˿Ҹ쳣ŭ;ɥ޿κΡ

ǾͬϢĲϼ٣Ѿֹͣ˽ڣҪȫ¶Կ޳ʵĳȡϢİǵϢˣǲҲѲƤ

޳ˣɲʴȣ˵İҶǾûˡ

ˣλǾȥʮɣ

޳ʰ黨ϢϿһףҶǾϢʱӲƾںܿ죬һɫʰ쵵Ӿֱڼϡ

Ŷʲôʵ

ɱֻҪã԰ǵһжסڣѾԭˣǷԿ޳Ц˵

ˮֱһˮˮֵͬʱ˾֪޳ʵ˼Ϊˮ̺ϢȻǰҶǾġ

ǼҲֲǹϢ٣ˮʵˮһ˰ɣ

ˮû˵Լԣ

ȻôĶûء

ҲһɫȻǰѪȺͶȫˣȡһȵʸУеǾϢǹʵϢǰҶġ

Ȥ

ֽͷ˼޳˵ʱѾȫˣѾˡ

ħ˫ҲȫóҶǾϢ

ͨ۲İҶѾȵĲ֪˵ʲôˣû뵽Ȼطôñ˵ϢǰҶʹҲҲ˿

֮ģҲϾʹҲһ⼸ʲôĻɾҪ㵽ҶǾ˵ͷˣ

˾ͷ𣿡ˮʵ

ȻͷһЩֽŻҪģ޳Ц˵

ףףʱıֺһСŮá

ҶߣڰҶ˼£Ц˵СһŰɣ֮㣡

˵ֵ꣬ǾǰǾĶͷţ˵ǾǺǣûһôɡǺǡǧɱŶһǵģ

ЦţзƣЩȻɢŰҶǾ˵Ϣ䵽ϣ˵忪ʼһԭʧܿ죬ҶǾͲˣ·ʧһ㡣

ˣ߰ɣ

ٺ٣ߣ

޳ʴͷֱӷˮһˮֱʣħ˫ũһת˽ģлذִڽϣ˲ʧˡ

ιȵң

Ҳһ廯һɫ׷ȥ



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Ҳ˵ǼڿնȥҶǾң˵Ϣȡ֮˶ƣһ㽻ûˣּ˵ǰδеġ

ûнֻԼĬĬ˼һЩ⡭

ǾʮΪѰԼֵӵģҪıԼˣҪȻѾΪǾ֪жôǿ󣬵һ£ǲġ

û뵽ǧѰӣȴûпӵӰ֮ǰ͵ˡ

Ǿûʲô־壬ķһָпھãԼĳͷɣֻǣлкܶ಻ʣΪʲôܸ죬ԼȴֻܹԹԵ˳أԼҶһĿƺѾѰˣԼƺֻЩ쵰ѵҲ



Ǿĸ̾һҶҲڸ̾̾Ŀ־壬̾µΣ̾Ī⡣

ҪҵԵȻ˳ӦǾȻָʮ죬ʲô

ͨУȥҲǳ󷨣طõİȻʼʱͬãܹȥһЩĿģأ

û˵Ϊ˰ǾѰӣΪʮϵѪȣǣֻΪ˼ӵسȫ޳ǣΪѣ

ϰϡҵ𣿡

ҶĬĬţûκ˻Ӧ

޳õ󷨣ʧ٣ƺѾһ磬־ԼԭأطûгߵʵֲǡҲעˣǱ˾µĿ΢΢

常䡭

Ҷ૵߶ţʶԽԽģģƺ˯һ㣬ûκθ֪ǰһĲ

һߵغĽŽϵĽڱɾҲһ𣬽ǵĽոսʱӦĻͷԶһƬȻɢŵĲǹɲĲ񡣵һЩ𣬻æ˵æûȥ鿴һ¡

ʼߣƷṩ޾ټɻʸĳΪһǧʱѾߵΪ

ȻЩǿߣŽɽ缸꣬мꡣֻǷˣû˿˵ʡ˳ɼݹɽҲһ漣

Ҫ˵ǣΪͨΪͷȫĻϿһʥһսΪй֮⣬ҪصƷ硣

һƬĲֱӿƷԼɵؾ͵һƬǰ

ʲôʵ

鶼ĬһᣬȻ˵ӦϹĲ

Ҳ˵ȷʵϹ壬ѾˣµֻһЩѶϢһЩרŸ崫ݵѶϢ

ˣѾˣǾȡ

֮ǰѾһˣɻūϹ壬ѰʧϹűҲʱЩͶˣ

ԣһ˵Ȼ

嶼ѾȫɢˣʲôϢ

ЩȫⲻˣҲֻЩɣ

ﲻֱӵϢҪһ£

鿪ʼռЩ˺ܳʱ䣬뵹һ

ôˣæʵѾزие쳣

ûӦٴκʵһ飬֮˵µϢУһͼͨһط

ͼͨ

֮Σ

֮Σû˵ط

˵ɽ磬˵֮εҲȣЩɻУһû˵֣ɴ˾ͿǸ֮Ǹôصصط

֮ʲôʵ

͸һͬһĳ̶ֳ˵Ϊ֮ظǡ쳣أϹŵľԶʱڣﶼһֻ֪صط飬ȫ쳣ǿĴڣ建˵

ܶطҲȥ֮ҲһżȻĻ֪ģʱֵ֪ʱԼôطΪļأ֮еÿһڣ׻ɽ磬Ϊǿ󣬲ű

ʱ룬ЩĴڣǽЩǸӱ̬ΪʲôǸ̬ûбأԣЩš

ֻ£Ȼһȥ֮εͼһϹģͼϲǼٵģ

ڸһһЩʱΪ໥֮Ĳںϣԣ뵽Լľʱͬ뷨ԣҲһ֮Ρ

Լ飬ѾȵĲ֪˵ЩʲôˣֻŴ죬ʶطľ

ҡǡȥ֮𣿡󣬻ʵ

ʮֺ棬Ļ֮ĵһĪѹͿ־壬ı̬סĵطȻÿһ鶼״ݻɽ磡

ɽ磬С磬⡭ֱ

Ĵ𣿡һúɻʵҲȻĶڡ

֪ǧ治У籾ЩĴڴģڳЩǿ飬ƺҲ˵ùȥ˵ȥͶ𣿡

ѾЩԾԾˣָоѾܾûгˣǵտʼʱʢĸо

ãǾȥ֮Σֱ˵Ҳǳ棬ȻĵЩģ־ãԼкܺõļϾﶼǿĴڣԼҲܱǿһЩֱӰɻʵĿƣҲܰҶˣ

ͻȥҲֻøš

ǸͼֻԼܿĶԣڻԺлûһЩǹ⣬Ϊ·꣬ͬʱûȻɢи·

ǰճ˵ǹӰӣ漴ָ޵Ŀռȥ



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һĵطÿһתܽһȫͬ磬ÿһᷢĸı䣬վﲻܵһҲ仯֮Σ֮أ

壬Ǹͼָ£ϵ֮ǰΪͼʮָӣԻٶȺ

飬ٶȣʲôʱ֮ܵΰʵ

˵ģͼȥԶͼһ仰·Ľǰ˼˵רȥ·Ļ·̾ԶǳĵĻʱԵ

ʲôЩ㵵ʵڲ·ԶҲˣ

Ǻǣģǲרȥ·ģͼֻҪֻ⿴쳣ңԶ·̺ܿģ

ҰҸղŹ·ˣʲôû밡ڵ˵ղԼĳϣѾ˰ɣ

Ǻǣڸãǰһ·ҲоȻҲһ仰һ仰ԭڵģҲǸոշ֣漴˵ˡ

Ļʼרһֱ֮ΣŵǿɻʵȥҰҶ

һרʱĸоˣΪͬһʱĸ֪Ҳˣ֪˶ãȫѾȫ֮ϣȴȻţǰϵس̳ɵ·ȻԼûпơȴԶذָʾǰ

Ӧʮ⣬û뵽Ȼ׾ͽ״ֲ̬Ѹ٣

ͼϵĻĽǰ嶼ȫĵĽ״̬ʱǰһʵĹ⣬֮ʮֺϾգôͻأز

˷·ȫûвһ㣬ôֱʵعУԽԽ룬ֱǵڹȫʧ

·ֻһ˲䡣ַ·꣬΢΢һȻʶȻѹѯʱ㱻ǰؾ󾪴ˡ

ǰ棬һƬ޾ѤùâЩâûй̶״ƮɵչʾŸԵˡ

ЩѤõĹâСһſǳŹâɫУ·貵顣ѤõĻ䣬嫵Ե쳣ΰ׳ۡ

ͼϲ鿴һ£ԼѾͼľͷǿȥޱߵ·߾ȻȫˣȻû˿о

Ȼľôˣš

һҲ˹֮󣬷ԼȻЭͼĲֻͼѾ˾ͷʲôҲûչʾˣ

ֹ֮ͣԭȹԵضҲ۲ʱҲֺľɫˡ

ǲӾϵ𺳣ϵ𺳣ܸܵһɺȻϢЩâǳɢֻ밲شȫĵس

ǾʱЩ˸ϣһɫعââվһˣһȥƯŮһɫȹӣ򵥡أͷֻһ룬һɫӲţɢţƮȻ

Ůܿ͵˻ߣƯ¶ϲɫûкУǾվһԣȻԼ

һȾǺü죬泩ĸоѹ֮󣬱㷢߶һŮһȴûлţΪŮϢƽͣϻе΢Ц

λ㡭տڣŮЦЦĻЩĪ֪ΪʲôҪЦ

ƹ뿴Ůϵڵסӣӹؽһ

СС

ŮѾˣʱģǰŰҶСӣ

ǺǣңƹСЦųк

㣬ôģ֮𣿡۵Ĳ˼飬Сô㲻ҶһҲӦó֮ﰡ

Ǻǣƹһ㣬ȷʵ֮ΣˣԼʱ䣬Լ˺üʮˣС˵

ʮꣿӸе˼ˣôܰ

ߣǱ߱˵С֣㳯ǿǷȥ

ʵ̫ˣһֱţСĲԼ

ڷ鱦ʱС౻˿ƣȥֻأʱҶķɳҲɳԳ˱壬ֻأȻ󣬷ɳֻأڰҶɢ޵鲨ʱ򣬳ûֵͬʱҲ˻ԲѵСࡣ

ɳֻأ⣬Ҳųǿʶһ޶ңǱҲ֮εˡ

֮صĺܣķ֮һǲ뿪ѰңһԼĶܰǴ֮Σɳ˰׼ҵˣŽŰ׼ҵ֣֮ΣͬʱҲ˰׼ҵһԱֻصҲǲࡣ

뿪֮󣬱鲨ص֮ΣȻǱΪ֪ڻʱȥʱȻȥ

Сһ֮ʼɽңҪɽ̫ƽĶ࣬ΪЩĴڵӰ죬ɱ¾ǳ٣еС鶼ƽദСҲܸƽ

ΪԣֻرСһصʱķǳѸ٣ˣС֮ǰ˵Ѿ˼ʮˣ

СĽɸпȻ磡ҶıȻȻ֮εģԼȻҲҵ

ɳֻؼȻǱޣҴ˴ǰǲǾǵȵĻ᣿ţСĻֱ֤ʵ뷨

С˵ղžҳģ˵ǵȵĻᵽˣҪ뿪ˣ

ֻأǸܵ󾫣֮ϸһ䣬һ˲׽ζ

ܿ죬˾ͷɵǿǸǰǻû£ˣһĸˣһ˧꣬Ƿɳֻˡ

²̫ȶ£

˲ԣҿЩ˶˰ɣǺǣҲ룬ôҲۣ¸³ͽˣ

˵Ҳ´Цд˰˸ˣܹȴֻǧ࣬ǼֵزԼҲЩɵĻΣ

ܶԲӽ㰡ɼҸˣϣ±иóɼɣȨˡ



˽ ⲻ

˵еȻܼŬȶ˼񣬷ɳֻضͷ

ɳЦ˵ƹﲻضҶףҲǰ׼ҵˣǿɾһˣ

ͷǳȥ

ٷɳƽԪŭҺһ׼ңһƬɽʱţٺ͸ԪԲ뿪˰׼ң˽صĸ㣬Һ͹δ֮󣬻ǲܴﵽҪ󣬽ĲУɳԼ飬֮ǰҲѾ֪׼Ĵ󷨱ֻǴӷɳ֪ĸϸˡ

һĵط

ֽ֮Σֽн֮أʵЩֶԵģʱӦÿˣֺ׳ǹ˸ֻ۾ľѾˣȥᣬ֣ᷢʲôΣҲǱĵطǱӸ߼ĵطɳŻ

˵ţɳһʯͷ˵ʯͷʲôͬ

ӹʯͷУɲǼ䣬оԼһȫͬޱ޼ʣﻹʲôʯͷæѰһȥ·ܿյģûʲô·

ڻڣΪͻȻһȫ泩ѹǱ飬ڳʮϤԺܿ죬ǾŪô¡

ʯͷһ硣У൱ڽһµ磡ţͬʱҲʣǵʲôʯͷ

ȻеһԼϣ΢΢һѾʯͷ˳Ȼ΢ЦķɳֻأҲ΢ЦŵСࡣ

ʯͷô

Сæ˵㿴ÿһһ۵Ļҳж̺һ磬ʵ磬Ȼ綼СԶû

ԽǷǳ׵£ԣҪҪѧرô·ôܲʧ޾УҿǷ˼ѧ·ģǰ·Ҳ·ˣ

İզ࣬Ȼ¡ǰգԽ磬ǳֲܰ쵽£û뵽ȻҪʱԽ

ֻһ˵ƹҪѧĻɼ򵥵ĶˡڲһƷ磬壬ǿרŴԽأ

ףȻܷǣ˵Ĳ

ֻЦ˵Ȼǽ֮أԭסˡණеء

һ¡Ȼʵһ⣡

ʲô⣿

ûϹ壿

ɳֻػ࿴һۣɳ˵֪֪ʲôˡ֮ǰ֮ȷʵһȺϹ徭ǶһЩǲıЩﲢ֮еģǶɢ֮еģҪ֮Σɲô׵ģ

֮Ϲ壬Ϲ壬ﶼУǽӴҲһЩʵģЩʵǿĴڣ֮εģؽܽеĴڣѾںˣӾʡţӦ˵ǲǱģĿ磡

ɳ̾Ϣһν绹֮εΧǽ֮أһֻн֮εģĽ֮أԶ޾ĴڣԣЩԽԽߵ֮񣬶ž

ԵظӦ˷ɳеظпͬʱؽ֮Ҳһڵ壬ȫ˽뷨

֪̾ǰЩǰȥˣӴһ壬еʥߣ˵úʱȥһط磡

һԵС࿴˺ȻôһָпУɲ˵ˣˣҲҪôпˣ˵˵ʲôʱȥҶɣ

ҲܰҶˣֱǵؽд磬оá

пձСϣɳֻضЦЦֻ˵ǵȵĻԵɲֹƹһˣֻ˵Ե֮һˣ뿪ʱ䣬ɻûȷأ

ɳҲ˵¸Ե֮ǰͻƹҪú

ֻصͷ˵ѾҵһʱٸѸٵ硣ʱһ򱶣Ȼû˻ƹڣȫˣ

һ򱶣ŴͣȻ磿ñһʱɹһ£

ǸԵԼѾ꣡

ȻеЩסˣ޲ϽԼгʱܰҶʱ

ɳֻ￴飬ɳЦ˵ȲżúϢһȻֱӴǸ硣ѣҲһʺǣʱȻûһ򱶣Ҳмٱһ硣˵õ֮أ

Ҳǿɴû˵ڡû뵽ȻУʱ仹ôѸٵһ磡

ͬʱоļ˶ЦС˵ҿǻǿЩȥɣ

˽磬̲סҪһϾЩ磬̫˼ˣ

ɳֻֻǣ뿪˽µǡȥҵ硣

һߣܶǣŵİҶ֪Ժ˶֮һȻ˹صһ򡣲鿴ܵΣԼȻڹźУ

ô£ѵղžһжǻþܣҶ鿴ףȴȻ֣ԼȻû壡

򣿰ھȻ֮ģҵأ

Ҷŷһ⣬ԼڸûԼھ

ô£ҶʮֵĲס

ϣϡ

Ҷ뵽ԼڹźСֱѯʳϾˣǡôǲϵӰӣɢҲɢ˿Щڻ֮⣬ûбˣ

ԣҶźĹϣûзκγϵϢֱУӰΣȥͿȥ

УҶԼһУһƬյʲôûУﲢޣռɢһּž͵ζеȻŨȴ

Ҷסʼϣͬģû˿Ӧ

Ҷյس壬Ѱҳϣǣһֱ˼µʱ䣬Ȼûзϵ˿Ϣ

ȥˣΪʲôһϢҲźеҶʸˡ

ѵ棿ҶȻ뵽˵ڸУ뵽æĵطȥȻͣ

ھ֮ģӰΣʥ֮ҲѷĴڣڣӰεϣȴһЩ΢Сض

ЩСʮ΢СȴճϣƾҶΣŪ

ʲôΪʲôճ֮ϣҶЦţĲ黹࣬Ҫľˣ

ԣȻŪǾȲŪҵ֮һӦþͶˣ

طɣЩСȻԽԽ࣬ҶԶһǵĳʱ֣ЩСѾȫϣڣԼһӾȻʵڵһ㣡

뵽ҶȻͣ˼һСתۣûԼԭӡ



Ѿȫʵ廯壬ҶһѵЩǳϰŵģ

ûҰŵģϵ漴ǰѰҶһ

ϣڿ˰

ڰУϵӰֳϵЦţ˵֮ϵĶһرʣǾԽõԽòֻ㲻ǷʱǲŻѡ㣡Ҳֱӻرܵԭ򣬲ȻĻҲʵˣ

ֲãҶһʵǳϣôˣȥΪʲôڻصΪʲô

ϵӰҲѾʵʵˣ˵ййѭˣȥ򣬵ʱȻйᣬǸʱͶǰˣ



Ž ɻ֮

ϵĻȻҪҶԼȥԭ򣬿ɵʲôʱǿɾͲ֪ˡ

ϣˣܵøҪʲôɣҶЦš

ҡҡͷ˵ʲôʲôѾ޹ˣǷڣйصĶˣ֮һ㣬ǱҪѾ㲻ٳСˣ

ϵĻѾ˾ͷҶʲôԼҲʲʲôˣ֪𰸣ǵԼȥҰ

Ȼϵ꣬ҾȸˣҶһ񣬳ϵͷҶ˳ڣӳڵĹźǡ

ǰʱԼӰΣȴʵڵ壬۵壬⵽ʲôʣҲû˵ˣ޹ؽҪ

Ȼ뵽ʮ졣

ҵѾ޳ʽǾӦֻʶ֮ĽϵصѵҪԼȥһΪʲôҪȥô鷳أǡб˼

Ҷ˼ţȴص˻Ǳߡ

ѾǹźǻֵرԵˡ磬ãһƬҶȥڣԼԣҲ

ãػ֮Узߣ֮ǰڹźǵǣ棬ǵӣ

Ǹ硣йźŵ㣬гϵػȻȥôĵط򣿡Ҷ˵

Ȼһ⣬һ˴˳ҶһȴǶɲ

ɲ֮ǰ;ʥʵһʥеǿߣ֮ǰҪõҶҶ£˰Ҷ£԰Ҷһ޵η壬ϵֱη壬ȻһֱҪԼƽҲƽˡ

ڲһˣͨĻ顣˲֪ٴη˰ȻãԼѾκζ걻գҲ治ɫ

ղ־һĸһ㣬ú˼һȴȻҶӰӡֱ˲ƽ

ôͻˣ

ȻѾηҶȴ԰ҶӵˣϾл󣬼ɻҲһܲóοܴĻ

ɲѾ˲֪ٴʵϡʱ䲢ûйãڿҶˣֱƺô̵ʱ䣬ʲô鰡

ҶҲо˶ɲı仯вûвףúܸˣûɲĸֶӰ죬˾͸˵ˡ

ҳȥֻȥģԺ󣬻ȥչģҶҲճϵĻôģĻش

ɲһû⣬ֻЦЦ˵һڣҾͿҪͻˣò˶ãҲǾʵˣ

ģҶæʵ

ҴΪ״̬ѾܾˣޣôҲǰˣǺһǰ֮Ҹе·ѾԽԽˣڿ꣬Ҿˣ

ǿҪϲˣ

һǾĸ֣ԿĻƻܶ࣬ң󷨶Զɲô˵õĺôҲࡣ

мɨɽҲɣ

ոռ˶ɲҶ뵽£ǾǵЩΪȻɱ磡

ɲ԰ҶͷٴνĻУȥˣҶڹųǻ档

ֻһĨʶ壬ģ콣⣬еضֻзغģһƬֻҶ

Ȼ岻ܼģֻҶҲúúоһ

ҶһƬҶʼо

ʮϣغ󱲾ӢǣѾ˶ʮϣǿûаҶǾĴֱӱ͵ʮ죬ȻҪһһʵǡ

֣һôûǵϢˣϰԵı鿴ܣȥûз˿ҶǾϢ

һԵķ绪˷˵ǻϢҲ﷢ʲôʣǵϢȫɢˣ

ҲϢȻҲ޷﷢飬ûа취жϣҲֻܽɷ绪˷ʵػ

վڴԱߣͷһ۵Сڣ૵ҶǺһʧˣô£

ֻһ㲻׷ϾҶѾ̫߳࣬Ҳ޷ҶĿĺֶΡ

ۿ˿ʼ˰ҶǾбţȷʵ漴ʧˡûϢ£ȴǼһϢ£ӣǱǼһŪˣ

ҲûзְҶϢȴо˵ϢǼ˵Щ֪ģԼֵ֣ҲǼһض֣ҶǾ˳Ѿץסˡ

۶ЦЦȻ񣬴λûʲôʣȥɣ

һĴûбô˵ֱ̤˽ȥҲŽ˴󣬲벻ǣǸ뿪ûãһȻһζȻЩһʹ³֡

ʵʱֻһտǶѣĶλɻʵķԸȥ˸Ҫػµģֻҵ˶ѡ

һͨسǳеһͨУȲ衣

˿ȥֻʮ꣬϶һֿȥͨӣҲԵúۡˡ඼Щ󱲣ǳġҲûʲôעǡ

˾غŲ裬ãһִһͨĽƣܸȻ˵ȥˣ

һЦЦ˵ȥȥɣֲûȥɰ׼ҵȥһ飡

βһ׼δعˣ

ɢ£̫⣬ڱۣ۸֣ЩǶ֪ı˼ˣܵ˼еջûǾ͸סˣԹǸ󣿣

һ㲻ģȻиΪѹ󣬵Ͼ׼̫ʱˣң֮౦¸޼һڱݣ֣ǲҲѲƤ

Цźһڲ裬˵ҰɣʲôˮһգŵĻݡ

ݣǵˣһֱ˽ڳ̧ͷһۣȻ󵭵˵˵ĶԣɢµĵҲԣҪ˵ΣǺ֮䣬˭ӮңӮأǵǣҲϵһӣԣǻôɣ

ã㰲οοɢ£ȴ˵ЩЦҡҡͷȻ̾Ϣһ˵֮Σ֪֮꣬ǰ֪ôطǰҾ֣֮ǰЩֶȥˣӵĻҲӦҵеСǱޣҲܲʵϣȴôҲҲǣһȶڻǲǶĨɱˣ֪֮ΣãȻôطЩϼһܶȥҼǵһǰڶҪʮȴɽ磬ʱԺʲô㣬͸˵·ǸˮƽȥˣӣЩ˰

ҡҡͷ˵ˣˣɽ֪֮εûǼȻ֪ˣǾ˵ԵˣͬʱҲ˵ʱ䲻ˡ

ιι˵Ҫҳɢ²ӡ

ݷС룬˵ҿǸõģǰ׼ҵСӲ춨ɻңˣЩѪȵ鱾ˣǲֱӰȨСӣͽˣ

ǺǣãСӲŶΪǲЩ˵

˵ȷʵЩҪ˶ǱأСεΪҲӦ֪һţȻѡͲģ

ô˵ֱӸˣЦţһԵɢҲЦҡҡͷ

ݲΪ˵ƹȻѡ˰ҶǾֱŰҶҶɽðײòǣ

ãã

Щ飬Ȼò⣬һ˵˽ȴõĽʱɻʣȺȲ裬һֱŵ飬˳֪У㲻ˣ֮˻࿴˿ȻЦ²ˮǮͬʱʧӰˡ



 ǧ

׹ģҶһ߲ԼӵеĹһߵȴе߳ôģǧʱ͹ȥˡ

ǧ꣬ڷ˵Ѿһ˲õʱˣ֮˶ԣȴֻǶݵʱ⣬ˣǾ͸ʲôˣеˣһҲǼʱ䣡

⼸ǧʱ䣬ڻе˵ȴѾ൱ڹˣУŷŲɣ޾¡

ôһͷУ˶£ȱ֮ǰ»ҪĶ࣬ûĴʩʧԼ֪ôУĸԼԣҶû֮ǰ˷Ǿһ֮󣬱ͣһжģξһ㣬ԣ㾭ЩҲֻһΣһͨΣԼǻԼԼֻǶ򣬶ˣ

鲢޾ģһĳ̶ʱ˱֪پȥԼҲжЧˡԣǸʱ򣬾˱ӻ߳ڹźȡ

źжѻŴɾƷмƷɾô˵ЩɾȴڰҶһֱڣЩСϵشӸѰҾȻõУȡͬʱἫƷɾǳһ󣬿û֮֮һǽ˵⡣

ǧ¹󣬾ųɾŵ˶ӻ˳Ȼ˶̶̵ʱ䣬̰ԣܿʱźǾͶǧʥˣ

߻йźԭˣǧʥظ֣࣬ɽжˡжʥͿ֪źѾɽʵĵһˣ

ǧʥУٶѾʥضˣٶʥڣʥڣٶʥУʮԭߡǹźԭˡ

ǧʥˣȴа˳Ҷ߼𣬲˻ͻΪʥ߾磡

⣬𾪵ǡԭʥɲܻм󡣴ʱѾǾĸ֣ȻûǾĳƺţʵԹˣԭȵļɵ䣬ҲϾ߱Ǿʵ㣬ˣ

Щ˱нӣôõȻһɳ죬̶̵ļǧʱ䣬˳еĳɾ͡

УðҶҲȲѵǣȻħͬ壡

ʮϣǸũģħ˫ʱҶҲе쳣ͷۣȻģħԵеʱȴЩŤϾ֮ΪħֻܳΪαħȴͬˣ֪θģȻǻ֮֮£ħȻڼ˱Űħȶټϻ֮֮ôɾħ֮壡

ɲЩǿߣҲ֮ţ

֮⣬ҲֵӵȻףҪͨȴһʱܰ쵽ģԣҶЩѾõĸ֣ʼĸ໥д裬

дĳأȻǻ޾ظ磬ֻǣһд裬ظʯ꣬ܿ죬ʯͷСʯͷȻСʯͷֱϸɳٽţϸɳֱӳޣûж೤ʱ䣬źǸѾǿյһƬӹź̧ͷȥԭȽߵظʯѾúǳһңԶˣֻܿ΢ǵ㡣

Ҷ÷֮⣬뵽˶ޣЩǿĴڣڿƺòˣʱҲã֪ʲôӣԣҶ˼һʱ֮󣬾ɱ磡

ǧʱ˵ıѾõʵ˵ȷʵ㹻ˣڿʼݵı֮ͿʼȴֶΣһزʳܵʵȶԼĵ̣ǧºѾɹռɽİ˳ɶ࣡

ԣʱɽѾһˣ

˵ﻹûбռ죬ҲֻģһСˣЩ壬ҲʵѹڼϣԭȾǸصصطǿķű

˵һԭɽûз̫ĳͻܾǰ¾ɱɻʵȴս۶ûзҲ˵ôʱĶУи˵ҵģҲֻб򡣰׼Һͼص뺣

뺣Ϊͨħ磬ħͷӿħͷǽģȻⲻˣ׼Һͼҿűݵطлŵֵסħͷ޾سħͷػؽɽ縹ءȴˡ

λɻֻһģĻȻûӰλǾǸֻزȥò˶ãǾҲûлˣƺžƣɧ

ͬžƣȴûзɧЦ˵ɻʼȻ˵Ļ˵ɻ֪ΣɻʵĻûģĺˣ

ֻز˳ʰ⻰˵ɣɵ˭ʰɻҲ׼ţǾôɵţһ˻ᣬǲͶ𣿡

Ǻǡˣˣ޾֮·յ״̬Ҳһ˿ڡʱģˡ˵ˣȥʮ졣ѾôˣҲģ

Ʒ¾Ʊ˵ֲһˣҲȥˣʲôµģ˵СʱȥײҲûôĹҼǵõʱɼ궼ûѶֻ˵زˣʡĶˣ

һֻЦҡҡͷЩĺˣҪľӣȥʱ϶زĻֻǻˣ׾һȥû˿ѶϢ׼ȻûȥңֱԼؼΪֹ

ڣųȥ˼ǧ꣬Ϊ׼ҵĹˣȻ⣡

ˣ¹Ǽȥˣ뵽ԼӵѣЩ˴뺣ħȺɱ˳һֱڰ׼ңǰȴ뿪ˡ

¶Ц⣬˵Ǹˮȥ˾أǺǣ磬ҶڷңڣףҶ޸ɲǳ

Цҡҡͷ˵ʲô޸޸ģŮ˶˺鷳ģһãţˣɩӻеڶھʲôʱȥǣ

ҶͰƶ̥Ϊǣǵĸ׿ûĹȻǧȥˣĿǰΪֹȻûлָһֱھڸֻǶţûʵʵڵƴ԰ȥŵش㡣

ţҲ㣬ھȥҵ˵˵ȥһҲò˶ʱ䣡뵽ҪŰȥ˴

ھޣֵǰѯʣҲֵ֪ѾûԼˣֱˣ׺Ͱ϶¶ϲɫǸ붯̣Ȼ

ô˵ƿôְˣ

۾棬ƺڸӦʲôһᣬ۾˵ûбҪȥˡ

׺Ͱһ㶣æʣôˣ𣿡

õģûг£ֻǵѾˣǵǶˣȥû˵

壿

׺ͰƵȻɽ룬Ѿ֪û¶ˣھȻ˵ŸˣΪʲô

ǽˣΪʲô漴ʵ

ô֪ˣ壬ܺǲɣ屻˽϶㵽ʲôģǾͲҪϹˣʱˣȻ֪ˣ˵꣬תصԭصطޡ

׺Ͱֵܻ࿴˿ͬʱ̾һӾһ۵ģȻʱôǵģ

ҡͷȾȥˣ

ǧ£ģ඼ˣʮ죬ʱʮǰʮѾȫһˡ

ʮȻв飬Щޣ϶ˣʣµĶǽҲġ

ÿһϣһ⹬ɲɹʵħѪʬǶѻɵġ

ʮ죬ԽߣԽҲԽԸı䣬޳Ǽ˽ʱ䣬Űļ㶨֮ħ֮Ǽʮ֮ϵ졣

죬ûɽˮҲûʲô飬ֻãã޾Щȫʶֻ۾֣ããĴС



һ 

죬⣬ûгʵվվȵģʱɵУ޳ʼĵ

ʲôʱǸͷߵãĵ˵š

ˮһغԼľƣɧӵѾôˣһΪϰأ

ôϰߵ˰ʶòˣ˵ҲǼ뿪ư

Ǻǣİɣò˶ãǾˣ޳ҲȻЦǺǵģǳѾսڣʱֻֿտյ

ħ˫ûбũӣǱŽģȻ˵ܸоʮ컹в飬һЩڣҪҪȥĨɱǣ

лħ˫ŹǷ˵ˣҪû£ЩСֵ֣ǰµģҪЩ޹ؽҪ£

æ˵ˣ޳ʣסǣЩСһɶİ

޳ЦЦ˵㵣󷨣ȥƻǵĺ£

ţʹ˵ͷ

ǺǣģģһȺ˵Ϊߣǽǵƺͳ۵İܵʮġȻǸڣʮ춼ǵؿ֮£õ󷨣ǸӲ˵ģ

Ʋ˵һһأ

һǾ͸ˡ֮ǰûɱǣͬȡǵϢΪľǺףǸһȻ鷳㣬ȴҲֱ˳Ӧ˽ǸԵǸˣ

޳ʽɣ̾һ˵ôôء

ʮϣﱾһƬ֮أȴֻһƬɳĮԼһЩľɲݣһ۵صطһƬʯ֣ʯжǰ߲ҵʯͷȥһƬң˲ᷳУһƬʯСȴвصʯͷ

Щʯͷһȥûʲôϡ棬ϸĻͻᷢΣܷ֫ʯͷϻܿ˵ı飬һ־֡𾪻в֪ӡ

ǲǱˣǰˡ

ڳ۵Ĳźۼİ£һǰʮ˳ǵҲضɹˣܿʱǾ͵ʮ졣޳ʵˡ

Ͼֻǲϵش͡޳Ҫƻԡһ˵ʮʱ޳ǻڵʮϡ

Ҳе֣ȴ벻Ѿǳˣ㰲ĵشʮϣʱ˿ν緢ΪѾҶǾˣΪ漸ϲûзκƻԣģǱ㰲ʮϣҿʼΪʮϻб޵Ĵڡ

ֻǣ벻£ʮĳһУ޳ʵɱʮ죬˾ֵ£˶סˣȻǵǰǵϢƻʮ졣

ˣ˲֪ĵһֱڣҶǾȴûӰֻܿ޳ʵ˰ʮﻨɳĮڣԼҲرʯ񣬼žվһƬҵʯС

屻໥֮䲻˵ֻԼԼǧ£ǴԭȵĿ־壬񣬵Ĭڵš

ǰ޾ĺڰֺڰѾ˼ǧˣտʼʱ޳ЩˣûзŰ׼ҵȴӦʱ䶼ûУ㱻סˣȻ͸еԼϢˣȻؿʮĿȫǡ

־壬ؿ־壬ûôѪʲôޣ˲ͱЩŪ֧飬ʲôֲת۾ͳ˻ҽɢȪɿݣ̶̵ʱʮͱ˵Ҳ֪ҶǿΪҶںЩһսԼȴԶ

񣬲ܸκ˽ʶȫɢʮ챻ƻ֮ǰܿıֻкڰʲôҲûУζûӰӣһҲѲجУ˷⣬ʲôҲˡ

Ĭƣðһ˿ʼԼûĶΪʲôΪʲôڣĶԽԽ࣬ԼѾӦּžˣͬʱҲףʧȥĶĶڣԸҪЩҲõɡ

ţȻͨ࣬Ȼûɣ˺ܶ࣬ȴı䲻״ѧ˳˯֪Լ˯֮ܲ˯Ļ֪Լֶܼá

βģڣҲһƵ״̬У绪˷ʣʼʱҪˡģеڵĳЩˣϸ֮£Ȼ顣

ԭ绪һҿȥĺŴ壬ʵϣȴһˣǼҵˣȥޣʵϡֻؿܣԼ

绪˷ھѵĶȱĬĬѪҺеļ䣬һΪ߹ļ䣬˽ѪҺеļ֮󣬷绪˷׸Ϊʲôô㲲ˣҲףΪʲôۻԼ壬Լˡԭǳ۾ˡ

ֻǣһ㲻ףΪʲôԼʱƺҲˣ

ıȻˡ˲ͬʶʱ뿪ȻԸ֪ܣûĴߣģֻһǣֻΪԻܵһȺСһˣ

Ȼʱ뿪ȴû뿪ǴȻƻˣϾʮ죬ĺô

˰֮⣬ʮϻһȺˣķ޳ʵɱ˼³Ǳǻˡ

Уʵβ룬޳ʵ˲ϵƻʮ죬ĳ̶ֳϰʮעϣҲô˳شﵽôߵ㡣

һ쳣Ǳ׷֮ǵʵٶǻʼߣһ죬ǵ۵ֱӵظӦʮ̶̵ʱȻ˲Ǿʵøһ˶𾪵زˣҲԭһСɫе䣬ǲϵ

Ϊû˰ǣǵʮʱ޳ʵҲɱǰˣԼ򵽵ʮĵƣ͵زһСɾµ󷨣ȻһȺ˾Ͷ棬ȫϢˣŶһɱ󣬲ŸҴ

Ϊÿһ㶼һħԭȵĴûˣЩҲʮϣϲȥҲ²

ֵܣԺô죿ǧˣЩ˶ҲŲʣǵ׸úȥδӣ

һΪˣһʵ

ģûжɱ仯ֻǶ翵ʣ˿С

̧ͷſյϣ˵ֻϣ޹ؽҪǵ̬ȣҲǰҪģøǽӴʱȻǽӴڣӦûǰȫģ

֪Ҫã֮ǰһȺѾȥʮ죬֪ûħצ

ҪЩˣЩ˲򵥣ǵΪȻߣϿ϶óֱˣ϶йأӣӦ֪ץסЩ˱ɱЩ˸ã

ţȷʵˣ˵ͷȻ㲻ˡ

Ȼؿϣȴ뵽˰Ҷ

ҶôоϢΧأѵҲʮϡ

Ҷȷʵʮϣȴ˸磬ʱİҶԦŹźǣȫӴĳǳأʼ˲ƣҪ뿪磬Ҫһضرʴɽ

ˣǰ˻ҵʯɲҶ

ҶȫԦźǣ۲ܵͽ̸ĸ֣ڣҶʵȫ飬ң˱˵İҲܸ뿪硣

źǼǧʯƯƣѾ븡ˣڰҶȫ˲֮£˶ĶȻһּٶȳԵȥ

ǰĸѾˣǹƾҪˣһԵ˵

΢΢Цţ˵ǿɴûȥɽ磬û뵽ȥȴ˸ȥǺǣһĺڴأ

ҲһЦ˵ڴȻġѾˡ



 ɽս

ɽɳããﱾŶͽ֮أҲһЩɽԭ壬ڿһƬߵĵشϣһȺŵɳĴֲ磬ѵɳʯǰ

Խǿ磬ɳʶͶĶԽԽˣȥǸҪɳ˸ˣһ糾˴š

ߵһòͷǰţ˵Ҫ˵ˣЩһﲻ֪ʲôʱ׷ˣԸ˸ҲΪū

ɳʯײһȺ˴صĴϢЩŮʵиеͣߵıһɫˣʥڵʵҲΪЩ˲ܰһȺļһӵ

һЩҪĿܣʥͲЩһȻֻɼһΪˣַ񵽼µļƣٴԵûˡ

̧ͷȻɵǰ֪Ҫòܵ磬Щܲ׷ɱ֮ǰ븡磿

ȻΣգƴһĻᣬЩץĿܶûˣѣʱѾȫĿܣ˷ŭ֮⣬ֻʣ޾ˡ

Щԭ壬ҪôΪūۣҪôΪܣҪô͡

ūõĴ˭Ҳ뵱ū

ȻͣͷһۣڵȻһֱŵȻɢһ죬ˣ

һߺţһߴѵתźãһƬɳս׼

Щʾˣͷûءȫ˿ȫٳǰȥ

ȻǡҲҪõսʵǿѺΪ˵ȡʱ䣬Щܻŵ硣һҪúΪЩ˵˱ҪĶʱ䶼ν

ˡʥŬסԼ־ģԽԽңֿʼ־壿˷ܣз񡭡

ɣɡ

ƺ뱻Īѹȣʥȫըſ־ѹµط񣬳ɱȥ

һƬСһȺ룬һؿܴس

һȺϣȻܣǹԹԵسΪҵĿܡھūҲˡ

ܾӵ룬һģˡеڿ̧ŵشϣŹ⻪ɳ棬еسʵɹŴɾƣгܡ

䡭

ʥԼǿ˿ܴЩҲͬʱΧ׼

ЩܣɲòƵĿܣǶǻˣǶܣɫ͵ףϲʱ¶ԭݵǿնʥ·

УоߵˣȫѪᣬؿԼֱˣ־ԾĿش̼ġ

־壬ˣʥһǰδеظоĵ𣬷񣬷ٷʲô룬ʲôǣĿ˲ԶǸеĿϡ

ǸеˣűԼĿܰΧϣɵ¶̵΢Ц俴ǸʥǿƺηʱǹشЦ

ŭɣɣʲôãıûһǧҲ˰ˣ󲻻ǳ鳾ɣҿʲô£

û˿־壬Ȳ˵ԼʥΪʱ߿ɻһȺܣȻûʥΪģֲĿܣܱԳΪʲôµģ

͵һ֣ܵĿǸԵƣȻ󣬷׷ó˱ı죬ΧʥȥʥӿѹţԽԽ¡ļ⿪ʼѿѪѿƤбŽʺѪûɶԶ㱻Ѫ



ʥʼȼԼǿǾȻܵĿȻ𿪣Ȼ޷˵˫նǸߡ

Ѫ裬ҵɳϯȥ

ǲģʵԼͷԣȱ٣ЩϾϲһ㣬ԲŻᱻ¾㣬ѾûȥȨˡ

ǸһѽʱǽѾ̴ʥ壬ӽϴڳƻʥ꣬ʥ˫ͣûжԶԷκ˺

ʥеʽȥԺ£һֱȻ࣬ȴĺͣûûƽֻ̽سɹһֵûʥɻʡڣпʵѾ٣ԺҲûлЩյ̽ˡ

ף

ϵȫ𡣵ȻоһӿЩϵУ޲Ƶ꣬ԼĹһŪˡ

˭۾Ҳʼ̽飬ܶɳĮɵɳʲôҲ֡

Դ϶ˣԼûзֻ˵ԷԼҪض࣡һܵĿɢضĿ̽飬һĪĹ

Ǹʶʥ㶵Ժеһ˿ʲôûˣڸЩǹյأ

ͬʱеԼһָЩĵͷ˼ػˣ

ž

߰ѽ˳æɵУǰʥ⡣ԼҲɱ

λ˻һˣ

ޡһȻ

ԶռһζһӰӰȫǺɫףһԺɫĳţӰݽ¶ӣһƺ«һһڵغš

Ǳˣ˾ƣڵ˾ƿǾʵظϳǾҲӭһս

ǿֻ˿˾ƵӾ͸еһļ£Էգһ۾ܰԼʬƵġ

ǰţһ峤ǰһ˵һ߰һʯĶ˾ƿ˾Ʋûֹ˸Ȥ

ٺ٣أǿҼǧûˣʵеػţ浶ǹʵЩ

˵ţ˾ƳһԽеû

ˣһ㶣㿴ǰһζȻһȺˣ

ˣ˾֣εĿЩ࣬Ѿˣ˵Ҳȶһ˫򣬲һ˫ӥᣬҲһ˫⻪ӥۡ

ӥնڵѾˣõҶڵķʱЩܣĵһǽЩɣ

ӥնĻֽˣЩǸղɢĿܣʱѾ˿ܵĿƣһɫ˸ʵʰķŭһ

ǸߵڿӥնʱѾ¶𾪵ɫˣΪЩˣÿһɢűǿϢ˵ʲô˵Է붼ʥΪ

ʮʥ

ûгʱһĿĵײ˿־塣

ƳˣȻ˰Ƴˣ߷ЩԭҪҪƿطȫûã־һӳС

ɱ˺ɱ֮

һЩ죬ƺովЩѵŤͷǸѾԼ̴ʥȻվԼɢŽ޾ɱȴԼû˿

Ǹʥھ֮ʵѾʵķԾ

ɱ

ԭȵĿܣڻָ֮󣬶Ǹ߷ǿɱǸֻоԼ˻У͵ػԼΧסƾԼŬȴȥֻһرʴ

ޡҷϣȻɱֱʶ˾˿ڿˮ

һԵӥնЦ˵ֻһʥ߾ôǿѹȣܸոǵˣ²Ź֣

ˣˡǿЩǰɡǿǱ˭ȵģ

հҶİţźе˷ɳ֮󣬱·ϣǰ˾һ·ǶҲĵһ

ã¼˸ЩˡȻܶĶǰ

˾ƴһӣûµȫϣת۾ͷɵûӰ

Ǹʥ뿪ˣֿ°ǵˣ֮ǰߵȻվʱǵͷȻ׷˾Ƶķȥ

ЩָǵǡҲвٽȥ˵أΪֱӵܺߣĳҲӵĳף

û뵽Ľֺ֪ھȻҲôˣħЦš

ߵħҲЦ˵Щ˸Ǳʵ̫࣬ǻǿЩҵǵĸ֣Ȼһ򾡣

ֵǣɱɣߣ

ħȻŷǿʱһƬȫʶУǵһȴ˿Ӱ죬෴ǻе쳣

һǰķǶϷеشǷħм·ϣҶǰ棬ǿĸֶһ·ѵ·Ϊ·עơ

פ˲࣬Ҳ࣬ȴܶ࣬Ҷһ·ǰʱ䶼ͻƷͽƣĽֻȴûж١

Ͼ˭һȺǾʥɹվ˾Ѿˣοأ

ܽУȺӵ˶վǰŵɻʡ

ɻʣҶӸˣһһɼǿˣֻǲ֪ʲôǶ̶̵ʱôǿʵ

ǿ˵ţȴû˿ĵǡ

ɻʵͷ˵Ѿɽľ󲿷֣ʣµĶԭľݵ㣬Ҳ޹ؽҪˣҲʱˡ

ţЩԭȵӦöڵȴҶ֮ƴлضʱھ߽ǵ

༸ǧŴµĽɽѵҪˣɻЩ

ǿЦЦ˵ɻʣɽΣǱϾյռɽ磬۸֣ɱսЩֶΣҪģ

ţɻ޵صͷȻ˵ȻˣҲҵѪȥһǸеĴۣ

ǣ

ɻʵĻǶԳߵ˵ģɻʵķԸ۳ߡӡˮĽбˣֻܴӦȻĬĬ뿪ȥá

ͬʱɽԭȵĸʵ֪

׼ңֿʼ¾ˡ

мܴˣ˼ǧˣһҪúûЩһ

ǧزڷˮתˣɱ

ڸصĵط𣬸׷׳ܿʼոռ

ֻǣһ岢ûǾǷ绪ҡ

绪ǬһڿյĴϣȻһӰǰԶ֡

Ŷȣ㣡绪ǬĻȻžȣȴƽĺܣӳ۽Լҵʱ֪Ժ󶼻ǰһٿء

绪ˣɻҪЩ˸Ĵۣ

Ĵۡ绪Ǭš

ûΪ˴ָӵȣҲ˵ǣ绪Э

˵ţȵӰͶһȦȦӰϵ˷ȥ绪Ǭؿŷ£ȴѾ߬Ľˡ

Ƭ̺󣬳˵绪ˣؽ

Ȼ󣬳ȵӰʧˣ绪ǬλվϿʼչЦݣǺǣ£ڿԽˡ

ʱ֮⣬绪ҵϣеķ绪ҵ˶ͣųɢĵЩһȻǵϢʼ

绪Ǭ˲ԭʧ˵⣬һȭصϣǻת۾ͱķ飬绪Ǭһץס꣬ȥ



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ҴУһ޵ĸˣڸ߸ߵıϣһȺҺĳǸ˶Դû˿Ӧֻ°ͣؿţ۾һҲ֪˼ʲô

һߣҺ۵ˣҲûʲôЧ㹰ֳϵĸ˵绪䣬ȻʱǰǰΧˣʵϣǼսȲǣò˶ãǿ϶ͻʱǿɾΣˣ

ͷ䣬һԵһŮ˱ӵ˵ҵ˼죬һ߳ˣһ߾䣬ڲͬգµʱǵȱԼΪȣ

Ҫߣ绪ҺȻɱӵܣǳѪԺҵӻĸ飬һСӣҴȥɱ˷绪ǬŮԱһŮֱӷԵ

̫çײˣ绪ǬжǿӦֻȥǼ

ֱĸ࣡

ͷŮֳһţɵҡҡͷϵĸ˵Щɣϲ˶õģ

˴ʱ΢΢תת飬档Ȼ̾Ϣһ˵绪ǬҲˣʲôˣĺܣ绪ҼȫˣҲֻܡǲõģǲóˡҲȥսֻžˡ

һͣҶؿԼļȻǶԼʮΡҲ֪ܵ¡ѵ˵绪ǬҲҪʱȻ

ɻֻǵЦЦ˵ҪģϾǼҶɢ˰ɣסԼˣ

Ѿ¶˾ģ֪ȰҲûˣ࿴˿뿪˴м˵أͷܿ죬ֻʣ±ϵˡ

绪Ǭ㣬Ӧúܿɡ



һ˲ͱؽƬȻһ˫˿񱩵ĽɫâĴ˳ƮһƻҰǸղꡣ

ȻһŽԼз绪ǬڵشϢţϸƷζŸղµ꣬쳣ϤΪߴ˼꣬һһޱϤ̸ֹһһУָƣƺǰЦŸ죬˿̣ѾĶĸвͣ

ٺ١

绪ǬЦ˹ζȴûҶѪ۾ޱϤˡ

绪ǬۣΪ˶ٷۣЩ꣬ȫֱɣȥᣬʵϣȴƷζޱϸֿɬ־ãΣݺݵش̼ģƣͬʱҲԽԽԽԽꡣ



绪Ǭһȭݻһ壬ץһ꣬ȻϰԵȥ

С갡

绪Ǭʱһ˾ͳ֣Ȼ꣬ŤŤζЦнĿϢϤ˸е죬е˼顣

ǣ绪ҵȴû˿Ӧ㿴绪ǬϵɱˣҲû˵ûֹ㷴ӦûУǷ绪ǬҪ˭ˣȻ绪ҵضǾĵġ

ˣǷ绪ǬƺûбƣȻɱԼļ壡˼ضǿ˵

΢΢üͷȻ˵绪Ǭı첻Сû뵽ûбסȻֺĶԼ֣ǵʧڻҪֱӶԿȻһɢĲʱٰ𣡡

ţҲֻôˣ

ȹˣȥԼˣǿĿǰ૵ĿˡܺԼɱɾѵá

Ϊʲôҷ绪Ҫ˽ѡ

Ϊʲôһûʧ񣿡

ȱǰΪʲôҪϥ

ҷ绪ǬΪҪ䵽ֵز

绪ǬһɱԼˣһţΪɡƷζ̼ķԽԽʢפΧļ˶ˡǷ绪ǬϢʲôҪ𣿡һŮӿԶҫ۵Ľ⣬һʵ

Աͷҡҡͷ۾һƬƽѾ֪绪ǬʲôˣҲ֪ʲôˣ̾Ϣһżȴֻˣ绪Ǭ繫Ӣۣ

ӢۣŮ۵Ի

ͷͷдŰ˵һᣬ֪ˣ

ͷ뿪ŮûǾصȴûã㿴˷绪ǬӰӣ绪ǬֱӰЩЩ͵ķ绪һһɱʱ岻ض

ŮţȴѾɾˡ

һŴ壬ѵľһΪΪɽ磿Ϊ˱ֻֻǵķй绪ǬʼԼһһɱ

ǲһĿƣҲܣѪеĴУҲı䲻˵Ľ绪ǬΪ˷绪ңֻˣ

ʱɽ·ˣҲʼǿߵˡ

ǧ꣬ȻɽңĸȴûжٳֵģҶСС֣ѾıˣߣʥΪ˵ĳȺǾ˶֪ǿߵڿʼˡ

УҲֻЩܲǿܵΪжߣ

ЩȺĸְɣǶǾ˲֪ٴزǿߣǸӵĲĸ֣赲ͲֵһᣬҲһ͵Ľƻķʱסǡ

ӣհɣлûгֵĶأ

ӧȻǰȥǰ棬ˮ֮⣬ʲôûУˮķΧ֮㣬ǰϷҶͷͷ·Ÿһ㣬ֻǸʯͷȫˮΡ

ַֻԺιһͷͷϸ俴˿ͰͷǰˮǿС

˻˻˻˻ֻ䶪һͷ·ѿһ㣬Ȼʼֲܿ죬һͷޱ޼ʵˮˡ

۾ɢŵĹ⻪ͷԼٶɣ֦辡

ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣһӵʱ䣬ꡱһѾȫɺɫˮ֧ˡ

ܿ죬ŹˮзȻУâɢȥ龧Өʯдʣʯһ󷢹⣬Ȼºһ

˹ӣԳˣ

䡭

ǰ飬Ҷͷһȥ˽

Ҫˣ·ԭȵӦþͿԿƾˣҪȥʮ죬սţ۾ᣬҲתҾ벻ˣôôӦ



Ľ ɱ·

ѾĿȫǵʮϣɵУһƬϼ˸УһСɵɽ֣Ǳɽ

ɽԶԶؿȥҲֻаɳɸߵңɽϣľɽʯ񣬶С磬ɼ

ɻʣվɽ֮⣬ŲԶֵɽһԿ˵ڱۣԼվȻ֣ǽɱˣ

ǿ΢΢ЦĻȻ˽ңʵϣǱȻģȻҲվ

ǺǣżȻ飬һˣǱǱȻȻûзȴżȻ¾ô׽ȻŻصı£ȴȻĹţˣжʮѰ˵ӣж˵ɽͼ޸֣Լ̸дʵϣɹмˣżȻеıȻǱȻеżȻʧܣ˳ȥǱȻҪɹģȻеżȻǲǲ֪Ľ䣬ʱأ

Ȼ΢΢Цš˵أɻʴˣѾе׼ˣ벻ɣҪȻżȻҪԼԣǻǿЩȥɣ

Ǻǣá߰ɣɻҲһЦȷɽ

ɽŶǰɳӡ˷ɽʱȴ֣ᷢԭȵİԼٶţʵʵɽʱɻʡҲɽľͷˡ˵ĻԺؿϸСɻʡ

ɻ֮󣬿˿ܣȻɽȴҲ·ʱĽ£һС·ֱǰ·ʯӾȻȫһּƷɾңȴû˸ҴЩɾ⡣

С·Ÿָ֦ɻɹʤͬأû˻ȥǡܶ͡

ɽʲôͨĵطеһжɽġ˭̰ˣõĶصĶĴۣ

ɻ֮ϣ۾ķ羰ɽº͵ϢûöãߵһɽȵرϡɽУһԲεССУһСɵĵ죬ϣһƬƽĵطһʯͷ沼ݺύһ̣֣

䱾û֣ڲ֪ǰЩ߸ϵĴ֣ʵ㲻ֻӰӡ

ɻûзɣһһ̣˸棬վɽغ

Сˮȹһ͵ǵʯͷǰʯͷȥ߲·ķ紵һ㣬µĺۼ¶

ɻ֣һĨ߲һſӶЩݺύֳ

׵ңڵΧй֮ƣɱۣʱЩӿѾ¾ɾˣԼҲľˡ

˵ţɻгŰɫӣȻ㳯£ʱήҵİӴ

ŻĴɻЦҡҡͷ˵һӣĲǿˣ

һϱһ⣬ЩȻֱӴڳɽʧӰ١

Ѿתˣȣȥʵ

ȵȰɣò˶ãˣ

ɻʻӻ֣һԷһʯʣԹؿѾٴθı˵̡

ǰǼҺͷ绪ҵפˣǰѾ˱ʣɲ۾Ĺ⣬ǰš

ҶҲѾǰڵ֮ģȻʱ⣬ϢķӦȴˣǰۼĴɱ¾ϢĹ۲죬˷ķ绪ǬһƬķ绪ҡ

ʱķ绪ң˷绪Ǭ֮⣬Ѿûһˣ绪ҵļ绪ǬɱԼеˡ

ǺǡˣˡҲˡ绪ңӴҲĹˡǺǡ绪Ǭĵš

绪ҵĴУЩǵıȻ󾲾ؿſյصá۾һۣ˲֪õѪᣬӿ

Ǻǣֵܡ˵ǲǺûã绪Ǭš

ǰĿռһζһӰ֣һˡ֮ǰһֱڷ绪˷ߵˣؿűǱǷϻŷˡȻ̾ϢȷʵûãӽܿǷ绪ңڳ㡣ʣ±ʮϵ˷ˡһ䵽أģʵûõĿԣ

Ǻǡֵܻ˵ʵ绪Ǭֿ죬Цš

ֻǣǱˡ˸˵ʲôͱ绪Ǭˡ

ֻˣǺǣչ˺˷ʣ

˵Ҳأ

˵ţ˵Ӱʧˡ绪Ǭֳһ˵𡭡ŶߴߣڣԶˣ

Ǹڵؿռ΢΢һΡȱ˳űϵķ绪Ǭ˵㻹ûз裬ΪʲôҪôأûôԺһ𣬰ȥ޾Ĵ硣

ݣĪ壿

绪Ǭ㲻ûã̫ɵˣ

Ǻǣˣ㲻ְͬɣ绪ҵرˣҲýˣ

˵ţ绪ǬرϿȥ۾΢΢ţǰϤİĴʱǶô֣۷׷ףʱȴžǰյ֣ƺһΡ

һΡ绪ǬЦű۾

ߵߣһ˳ĺߣֱӡڷ绪Ǭüġ

ס֡

һӵ⴫۳Ȼǵķ绪Ǭȫ͵һ

绪Ǭ۾ǸӰǸˡ绪˷ʡ

ǰʮϣھȥʮ죬ԼȥԼױȵ츳ܿ쵽ʮϣҷ˱ذˡ

˵ĽȻǿ󣬵ڻ˵ʲôܿ죬Щ˱㶼ͷ˳

绪˷һӵһѶϢǷ绪ǬѶϢǾԴ֮Գ۷ݣ㼱ųҸϣֻǣոճûȫָȻ֮£ιȥ

գǻֱ֣ʮħѷ绪Ǭֱ͵һ·Ȼʹħ绪˷Ҳû˼ȥ׷ȫҸϣڣǧ֮󣬵˷绪ҵפء

ͬʱԶ׼ֳֵĵİҶҲ˸ķ绪˷ʣȻСͲ·ܹ黹ͬһˣԣҶеֱð˲ƣѷ绪˷ŲƵ˷绪еĴǰ绪˷򿴵Լ׼ɱһĻ

ŶȻˣ޳ʵҲôȾһ֮󣬲м˵

绪˷ʵΪڳвʲô绪˷ȴֱóɱȥͬʱҶҲĵ绪˷ʵУʱ绪˷ʵǰδеǿ

־һ£ȻûаСһﵱ֣һֻǰһ죬ĺһӾͰѷ绪˷ʶˡ

ŵķ绪ǬȻ붯֣Ѿ߽ˣѷľûˡ

˷ʡ绪Ǭ˵š

绪˷ʴһϱŷɹâ绪ҶУǰҶ

㡭۲˼ؿŷ绪˷ʣоΣյæ˽׼룬ǣЩâȻֱСȻһ㣬ְӽ˳

ɱʱķ绪˷Ҳ·һ㡣ǿѾֵĳɱȥ

Ȼûü˵һ仰㱻ķ绪˷ɱ˸ɾ

âɢȥ绪ǬԼĶӡ˺һᣬŻ˷ʣԲ㣡

绪˷ʿԵ쳣ϵظףȻ˵۾ȻҲѪᡭ

ҶԶţ̾ϢһԱߵĶɲ˵绪ңȻֻʣˣǷ绪ǬǸӣ

һ޵ĸ߹˵ҲǸغӣүҲˣ

ҶǸһ񣬵ֶ

ЦЦ˵Ҷǿɲǵһμˡ㻹ĸ׶ʱҿǾ⿴İ

Ҷһ㶡Ȼ΢΢˵Ͳ˵˰ɣ

Ǻǣã˵ǻǰ°ɣ绪ҵ¾ͽҰɣھȥʮ죬ɻʸҵĴɻʴʱɽУʱȥܼˣ

һԵĶɲüͷʣȥɻǾأĸأ

ε˵Щ鲻ģڣɽ綼ڴ̣˶߲ЩҪظأҪԸħ磬ԣڳֶԸɻʵҲֻҶˣ

ɲ˵ʲô㱻ҶϣҶ˵ˣʮҿ϶ҪȥģҪʲô

ǣ

֮󣬰Ҷһֽ˼ҵĴʹ󣬰ҶóƷɾ󷨵żƷɾױȵǿԶһδֱͣӰ͵˵һ²Զ

ףʮȻˣضɲϵ˵˶ǵһǵһλأԣǸǴɵһƬء

Ҷоһ˿ͬϸ˼һᣬ¶ϲɫ˵

漴ҶĻ˵ѾһϰԵˡ

Ҷһ·Ʋԣ֣ƲУȻнƳȻðһ˿Ĺ⻪Щĸɸɾ

ȻҸˣ

Ҷ˻Ϣ֪ģȻԼϢ͸ʮϣȻʮ춼ħѹţЩȴԻϢû˿ӦƺϢһ㡣

ҶûϢֱӽдŲƣôŲһκ󣬷־ȻѾ˵ڶʮϣ

ףѾǵڶʮˣɲȵ˵

ߣֱɱʮ죡

ҶһٴʩչŲƣͬʱУ޳üͷ˵ǸһȻ츳ںʮ죬Сˣôˣ˹𣿡ʵ

޳˵˹һֹһˣһȺˣһȺʥǾһϤϢǰ׼ҵСӣ

ʱһ˵æͣץסǵ⣬Ҳ׷ץסƬ̺˷ܵ˵ɻֱɱȥ⣡

˵ţֱӳ·ȥҲ׷뿪ɱ·

ʮϵĻȻ̧ͷȻֱһƣܽߵİ˶С

ǿɱ𶯣˵

ɱǵ𣿡Ҳеǵصɱ岻ض

ЦЦ˵õģǵĿӦòǣˣ

䣬һϼ·ֱӱʱʮϳһȺȺˡ

ʥǾǿϢŴͣֻܷ۾Ҳһ㣬Ҳˡ

ǺǣҶȻ˰ͨԼϢѾ֪ʲôˡ

ʮϣҶһֱӴԼǾĽƣȻֱУһ־Υ泩г̲סХ

ڽˣСӣþòˣǾҲХһȻҶһЦֱ϶ȥ

ɽУɻ˵Ȼǰ׼ҵǸ̥

һԿ˵̥һֱţڷʱǾһֱţҪɱʵϣǴûɹһֱ룬ǲ˳Ӧǿ𣿡

ɻЦЦ˵йǵĵ˵ǲҪ֮ǰĲã

ɻʿеĲȻ޳ʵ˽ҶǾϢ۵顣

ȻҶǾʮʱһɼǿѹȻѹ£ΪҲ㱻ѹſ¡

ǿǾάסΡ

Ҷ۾Ź⣬ѹǿȴüȣͷжɢ˳ЩĹ㣬֮ǰԼϵĶ

ףѹˡ

ЩԽԽ࣬ܿͰ˰סٶԶ͸Ľƣ˰ȥǵϢ֮ǰҲˡ

ϣлˣ

Ҷվ̧ͷϣ˵ǾȥǴ˵еɻʰɣ

ǾоѹѾȫʧˣЩȫԼУԼһ˵泩ܡ

ãôãҲȥˣ



 ʱ

ɽϣ۾˵վЩƺǴ˵еۣлأع;޳ȫˣңǻøڣ޳ǲһסˣ

ɻһ̾Ϣ˵ǴܹǶ۵ģҲ׼벻ɶνˣôȥɣ

˵꣬ɻʱǰӡ

ܿ죬ɻʺǿͬʱüͷͬʱ̧ͷϿȵڿȥ

ɽ֮Уƾճ˵Ĳʺ磬˵Ҳɫͷ׵ϼ⣬˹Ĳʺȴʺ֮󣬿ʼ£ճһɫĹȦȦһƬ

ꡱһƬĺڰȻʼ飬Ҫ֪ռ䣬ɽĸĿռǿȾǿӲʱȻˣЩɽ˶˼ؿһȦɫΧĿն

նкܿһʺ磬ʺżˡ

˺ɻʶɻؿһˡ

֮ǰͰ֮СҲϢһֱΪĳ֪ССڿ˴ˣ˵

ɻվ˵Ǵ߰ɣ֮·Ĳ߰

˵ɫߵˣȻȥҲֻʥΪϸһ¡ȴܷʥ֮صĸӴ˿Լǿɻʵ

ѵǸˣϢƺɽģ

ɻ˵ҲϳɽϢ⣬ȷʵǸζ

ȥǣ

˲ɽʧɻԥһ£ȻҲ˲˳ȥǺ£кȻһĪļ¶ƺʲô˲õҪƵġ

ʲô飿ȲΣյĸоҲʧܵļ󣬻᲻Ҽɹأ

ɻҲЩȷˡ

ɽ֮⣬ѾŰѻΧסڸղռı֣ܵ˶ûжС࿴˿ܡ۾Ǻ棬ʵʦɽ𣿡

ɳ˵УҲǾ⣬û뵽ǾȻֱӳ

ֻЦûʲôֵģ֮жڣǳﲢ֣

ԶȻֵؿˣæ˵ˣɻߵĵһǾʵǿ

ǰΪߵʱԿʱһĸоڷɳֻصİ£һʱʵѾ˼ǧʱ⡣ذԼʶһ棬Ȼôʱ䣬϶顣

Ǹռں֮ǰʶͶɻµĵһǾʵ˽ˣãԼ˳µƷȫȻûаսʤ

ɳǸˣ˵Щӡ󣬺ܾǰҼʱֻǸСû뵽ھȻǿˣ̫СʱѾһܣɳһɸп

ʦǵƺҪˣھͳ𣿡Сʵеɫסţ˷ܼı֡

ɳҡҡͷһԵֻ˵Ȼʱڻǳֵʱ򣬰ҶûʦûϰҶĵλԣǲ֣ܳ

һǶô졭С䣬ͿǸֱ˦һƬ⻪

ֻͬӻ֣˵Ȼûǡܰɣ

Сһ㶣Ȼ͸еһ

ֻغͷɳһŻһС࣬Ȼսӣ·ʮȥ

û׷һԵɻʣڵʲô

ʱ

ɻʳ¿˿Ȼ˵ԽԽˣǲؾǣߣʼ

˵ٽɽȴȻ֣һεϢϵؾ

ɻʺǿ϶͵һɫȻͬʱһǿϢǰҶ۰췣û뵽췣Ȼ˴ϻֱۣǣüͷ˵

ɻ̾Ϣ˵û뵽ǧ㣬ջҪһ

ȻȻ˵ߣȥ

˵գɽΧȫ·ʮȥ֮Բܻʮ죬ΪǧڱεۣΪҶɢ۵ԵʶǣٻɽĻǿ϶⵽ӿ񱩵췣ʱõķðҶ˵Ѫ죬Ȼϵ췣

ѵղĪļ¶ɻĬĬţȴЩȷʲĸо˵ѾöûˣʱЩ֮⣬ȻżУƺǰԼСʱ顣

ʱʮ죬ѾһսɽĹ϶۸Ǵ۸֮ǰ϶𾪵ԼӸ

ʥǾиǿ󳬼ǿߵĶԿžųɾŵ˶ûеİˣҲĿɿڴö֪ηӦ

Ҷߵǿ쳣ֻûжٷǻ϶ڿơΪֶΣһߣ˵࣬Ƕ쳣ķ޳ʵˣÿ˶ǣһȺ֣Ул硣

лħ˫ʱħ˫һǰɫɣһǺɫħħһмֻɫĻ磬л۾ҲǻɵģɢŹ΢ЦȺĶǾĸ֣ʱǽϿմѪ

л罻ֵ㡢ˣಫԽԽգսΧǿյģΪĿռڲϵ顢ָ飡

ҶǾʮʱսҲĲѣǾڳƬ̺쳤ХȻֱսȺУҵ϶ˮͻʸϣһ

ҶǸȴȻеϸ߳һ쳣ϤĲȻͿʻʱļزٵģ2009һ죬Ҳøһ£ۣһ£Ȼ࣬ȻףԸԪ֣2009⣬彡



 ʼս

ˣ

Ҷǵõڷ䶫ΣޱߵĽУȥȴֻԼȥˣӴ˸ġ

Ҷ򷲼֣ȴûг׹У޿ģʵǻ󣬶ȡĶ

һӴȴҲǼǧǰˣһʲôӴܼ棬Ҳ˵ˣֻͨдݡ

ҶؿŸϤӰģסزҪ˺ǧĳĬѹ֣ʱȴҲѹסˡ

Ҷ˼ǻֺγǣңҪȰҶӼΪʱȰҶĶ࣬ѾûпԼɷˡ

ɳֻػС඼˰ҶͻķӦ໥ЦЦɢܷʱͿռ䡣

ˣ࿴ţûжҲûֻ˲䣬ԭȻһξ˾ӵһ𣬰ҶŻҲŰҶȻû˵ֻǱ۾ŶԷϤζŶԷϤϢһʱ䣬ŨŨļǧꡢ˼֮飬л

·еİ˰ҶҲ˸ҶһŮӣܵظеǰҶŮӶԼ̫࣬Լ͸ǡ

ѵǻôǿ󣿡

Ȼ֪ݣȴôҲ벻ףһķŮӡô̵ʱôǿΪǿȥƺȸǻҪߣүүĸо

Ҷǿ󻹺ýͣϾҶѡɻʡǸŮأ

кȻһֳأһֱΪţǰ׼гϢˣʼɡԼǲˣԼǲһֱ

ôˣһԵļЩʧ顣ʵ

Ϻأϵսĵ׿ʼɴûôƴսԼȥսһϧ֪Լʵ߳ƣԼͱɱˡ

ǲĽǰЩˣΪǿϵҲǿٸϺõķһȺɽ޵ˣ˵

ЦЦ˵ȷʵǼˣǼˡ

ȻsϵɫˡΪһͻأԺʵҲ԰쵽ġ

˭˭˵Ҫ˵۾ˡ

˭ͷϴʲôұʲô



Ȼ˵ȴ𾪵ԼӸȻ֪Լͷϴǰ׼ҵǽһɽİ׼Ĵ󷨱Ҳֻйһֱڰ׼ңضûӰ˴ǰʮ죬԰ѹ̸˰ʹõطֻû뵽ȻԼǣ

ǣŵһ䡣

ȻȻθ˵

ǡ֮ǰô˵ôʣȴ֮ǰʱôûһ㷴Ӧأ

ʱδ˵Ҳ˵ˣ㣬벻õЩ޼ʵ

룡Ȼкܶûʣãڻֱӻشĺá

ȻˣǾǩԼɣ

Լ

ʣǰ׼ҵȻẦ㣬ֻǣǩԼʱе쳣ʹˣʹʵԿԸүүȼ磡

һ仰ǰĻֱӺˣæ˵ҪҪǩԼ

û˵Ƿһ⣬Ҳ˲ָ˶Ŀƣæã붨״̬

һԵļֵؿŰȻʼ붨ˣСѵʲô

Ĺ⣬˿ããЩѤãɫͷ׵ģʮֺÿڰ˵ÿһâشУУ˲䣬˹׼԰ȻڱҲһһ

ǩԼǶʹģֻ֮ܿΪʵߣǰҶĻûʲôоͿɡ

ʹѾһУڵ鶼ÿһ˲䶼һȻʹ࣬õĺôȷʵʵʵڵģߵļܸо

һǰδеľһԶŵİղŰ붨е֣оɢϢԽԽǿԽԽֺʱΪԼΡʵôתۼ䣬ʵͷ˵ز

ԶƵػҲȵؿŰѾʮᴩĻ򣬿ױȵĸӦԺظӦҲ֪ͷǸƻʹڵĶɢǿһبŵغϢȻʮĳطӦ

´İҶͻˣǸӦ֮ˣɢϢԽԽǿʱڴ´ѹͬʱ¿˿ȻְĿ˱˴ϡ

Ҷȥ۽ǵľӨЦ˵ԺҲ뿪ˣ

ҲЦЦڰҶĨһĨ˵Ҳǣ

ҶһۻȻĿһߣǱ㡣ɳЦſŰҶҶһ˵û뵽Ȼ֣

ǺǣöˡҲˣܵѾһˣҲʼɣţҶӦȻ󣬶Իͷɵһߡ

ɳõˣ֮˱һŻɳֱӹҶҶҲһӳɳˡ

ͬڰʹ࣬ҶֻеһᣬȻƽһִûйĸܴĵԼȻǰδеǿ

һӺ󣬰Ҷİͬʱ۾ذʱѾȫӣͷܳȴȫλãԭȵɼѾԶ䣬һʵɼףһûʵ磬ټͷǽĻʹڣʱ·һ۾ﶼعâ

һЩľӢǣ𾪵ؿŻվİҪôŴͣҪô۾Ķǲ˼顣

ǿһۣǱеһϢϢѹڰֱ֮˲뿪ˣǲŴ

աղǰ

ӦӦǰɡ

˲ƵҶߣҶһȻֳһԵĻһ˵硭ɩɩ

Ҷ˲õЦݣڰͷģ˵ãսɣ

ţҲֳЦݣȻٴʧٳʱѾ˲Ƶ˸ߵ򣬶ԵģһȺûжֵˣɻУ

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ɻʿȻֵİһ£Ȼ¶Цݣ˵ȻҲˣĵĵزˣͬҲøˣ

ɻ֣һӰ·˰ǰӰɻʵٻ˹ʱ˼һ˷ãǰƺԼųĹϵƺĶͷһ㣡

ҲͬĸоĿϣɢԼϢðе쳣ĲһֲĨɱݵĳ嶯

Ǻǣû뵽Ǿ޵аɣ׼ҵСܵܣ

߳һҰ׵ãֱӻŲƵĳҲֳһѹ⽣ֱþһ

ҶѾսˣһԵֻ˵û뵽ֵܾȻݰ

ֻЦЦ˵ɽ뿪˷ʱֻأʱѣһ֪Ҫֻصʲôʱأ

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ڰҶȻ˳ƺԼֻظоǺеģЦ˵Ǻ˵ģԣ˵İţһȫȫأҴʱǴȻǸ㣬Щˣұ֪Լˣ

ָֻЩսˣȻЦŶ԰ҶͷžһһճǰȥЩɱֻ֣زûл֣ѡ˶ܣķȴûб䣬ǰ棬Ǿսķ

ҲȥˣҶ˵ҶͷɿгһɰҶʮϤĲĲ

壬֮УǸǲУ츳ǿߵ̬ȻʱȻûʵ壬ǵĲѾɻʶԺˣʱһȻֺͻʱںϣһȻʱɥʧ˽ӴĻᣬȴûٴһ̨ܴס



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ҲܸӦҶĿ⣬ҶЦЦȻͷҶ¶Цݣһ㵽˸߿ա

ԶսϣȴܰһƬտĵشҶһˣһˡ

Ϊ׵ǸˣҶеһϤϢڷʱ򣬾ͨӦϢҲϢʱشĳطԼ

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Ҷ죬˵ҲֻѣʵѾˣҲֻܽˣ

ǺǣʵϣѾˣѹûиģͻȻɱһǣɽĴһֱǣңǺǣģ

Ҷҡͷʵһֱһ⡣

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Ҫ˵ΪԼˣΪ壬ǰٲ֮أҲӦòǱ뱨ĳַͬȡԣ֪ɽ췭ظΪʲô



ҶһػɻʹЦһǵһǾҲЦ

ΪʲôȻҵĿġҶҰɽŪһƬǽ壬Ϊͳһɽ磬Ϊ˸𡣸ΪЩ޵ȨƵλôֻΪԼ

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Ǻǣ˵ˣԼ·ֻչֳҵ·ӣҵ·ķ򣡡

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նȥһѽ˱ĽӵĽǱ⣬ðããĺٱϻ⡣

ͬɳŲʣǾǶɼϸĿɵģɳƫءӵƫ򡰶Ҳǿ죬ǸʥƮӰӣһʥ

֮⣬ս޳ʾȻҲɻٻ˹ͬʱΧס˰Ҷ

޳еǳɢǹ⣬ܺܿͱ

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ǰּˣҶ֪˭ҲܣԣҲȸɵצ˵

ǧǰҶ޳ʱûʤ㣬ʲôʱжڣȴսʤһ

һն͹ӣҶҪ鷳ˡ

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ͬɳǼǧǰȫԸɳһڡ۷ɳǰҶѲǵˮƽԡɳȫֻ֮һ͵ס˹ӵţʵ̫졣ʱڡǲġ

նԸɳЧȹӻҪһЩԽǿնİããĺɳҲԽóأҪǼϰҶ뿿ĺѡ

޳ʣ鲼ǳâַ·ǳ貹Բϵɢţֱ޳һɴס˰Ҷͷɳ˫ؽ

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һߣֻ˵عѾǾһ࣬ЦЦ˵Ǿʱ䵽ˣ

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һֱһᣬֵܣʲôֱ˵ɣ

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ǾˮһιٴοֻأֻصӰʧˣǸλֻʣһƴСĹ⻷

⻷ֻкڰɫϵתţžͺһһ㣬ǺڰɫɢϢȴ֪򵥣ŨŨͲ෴ļϢںһôô˾ùף

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Ǿһ£ȻȻ֣ͬʱҲֻصĻ˼

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һ䡱죬Ǻڰ׹⻷ȻչӰɳ䡢ʸϺǾ

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ѵʬҲܴԽ磿˵

㲻ǴԽ磬Ҳ϶йأȻǾͲǶͷˣ

ߣȻ˵һԣкͣ

뵽ͷջһķţЩ˻ɫкÿԸдˣһʱ䣬Ļɫֹķųϯ



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ͬģٴնȥҲֹͬķģֱڰУ֮Ҳٴ

ʼڶεĸӦ΢΢Що

ʱУ˱㿪ʼֲɱϷһסɱţһסػţ֮Ĭ쳣̶̵ʱڣնɱʮΣϣҲճķġ

Ϭһ㣬ͬʱͣȻͬʱЦ

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˵һ޶·һƵģ䡣˱ײһ

⽣ٴն꣬ͬʱϵȻЩķһӻƹ֮ôҲ˦һֱʹϮιȥ

ɢ¶΢Цƺʤ΢Ц΢Ц·Ҳ¶ЦݣȷʵЦ

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ٸȫʧ⣬һһģһĶˣʬȻҲû֮رأ

ȷʵˣֻɽ꣬УȻʬ꣬Щֻʣһ˿Ҳڶʱ䷱ܳˡɽȫĨɱȻԼбֻҪһʱһٴξˡ

ˣ޵еģɻʲһĶˣǸԼ£ʬ飬ɻʾа취Ƴڵİһɢʱ̡ѭӡǣֱӴɽ磬׷ɱһ磡

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ҶҲ˰ĺȻʧȴûеģŰʵͷĹǸɳһȼ

ҶҲ̫дˣǽսȻ飡޳ʵЩ䡣

ʱҶͱնӻ޳ʵǳâȻĳƽ⣬԰ҶһģܸӦ

ԸǣĶҲ㹻ˣҶֱӻصߣԲѣնӴ˺֮ܵʼѩ״

ǱߵĹȻû˵ȻӴĹâȴݺݵ̹ðҶеһʹ

޳ʶʽĺն͹ӺȻӴ˹Ȼԭӣ֪ԼҲӴ󹥻Ҷ϶ҲӴջһƽ⣬Ҫƽ⣬ԣûκζɰҶˡ

ƽɣ޳ȴ˸أԣʼٹŬԼƽֻǣĶѾҶС

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ҶһһɲͬѰĲڷֱ޳ڵλϣ޳ͣȻȻǿ֮ٴγһµƽ⡣

޳Ȼûʲô飬ȴ֣ղʲô

ǹɲ紫زǧҶһֱ̬ڵģԣеĲҲԽԽϤˡ

һֱڵصͨûа취ʱţԼȻһؿЩɢϾΨһһͨˣȻҲһȨ

Ҷ粨ķǰԼϢŬѹȥȻŪŬĴ࣬еѾȫϤζһҶϢУɢصĲɰҶȥ

ղţҶ㳯޳ʷصزô󳷵޳ʺȻһرΣСԲ˼ر˼ǿٴƽС

Ȼٴνƽ⣬Ҷȴ֪ƽⲻٳˣҪԭΪ޳ʣΪͻȻģֱһʱ󣬱Ȼһ΢΢Ľ޳ʴҶ򾲾صȴǸᡣ

һӵʱ䣬Ҷڵȵ޳΢΢һʱˣ˲䣬ȫɢֲ漴ɳҲһֲ״ܼȥ

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ԶɻʿҶһˣֵģֶ˼»ԭƾҶץסᷢڶι

ڰҶع̫Ѹֵֻܱͣӵĵֵģӵ̬Ȼͷɳ࣬ȴעطصķٶȻ죬Ȼ֮£ﻹĹɳԣʱ䣬֮ǰһĹӱ㱻Ҷͷɳشֱӳʮ䣬ˡ

ȥһҶҪĿ˱նϣֱӷ˶޳ʵعȫɱն

޳ʿҶԼ֪˰ҶĴ㣬û˿ԥǳ̷ɳһھѪȥʱ޾ǳɳ˲ͺ䵽˰Ҷĺ󱳡

Ҷȴ޳ʹԼϣеطɳ˲ûɵؽҲͬʱն˱ն

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ǣҶ֣ԶҲлǳԼ߷ңЩǵƺڵĲ

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Ҷȥ磬Ȼ֪緢ʲôʱУĴ۾һ꣬ȻЩһһѹܵʯͷУȻЩʯͷȥ

ʮܵӣΪƷζʵҲȷʵƷζɲǳЩ꣬ͨԼЩйˣȻһط----֮Σ

ֻǣڳ⣬û֪ʵ֮εŻû֪ҪȻ˵ļ򵥣

ҶܿͰע޳ʱϣ޳ʸղ˾ѪʱѾƣˣȴûֹͣ˼ðҶʱѾٴ׼һεǿǰȺǴݲУû˻ỳһƬǳ

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ͬʮһܷĽƣֱֶΣɻҲᣬ֪ԼʱʹԣûвֻƺĹΨһǣŵģͷããһƬоҶϢƺЩ̫ԡ



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Ҷ޳ʵããǳ֪һˣǲݵһ£ҶֱӭȥŵɫâȭͷɢŵĹ⻪ӲҽǳĹâС

ʱһ·һıը죬ȴ귢ڽս˫Ϊߵ⣬ǰҶ˻ˣ֮ͣѹסĶ

һȭʯͷϣʯͷѣͬһȭɳУɳӻɳӣԣ޾ı𵴣ҶǣʵķɳŲ۵ĵĹ⻪ͰЩ಻һɶ

޳һοǷѾĻһУвЩܹĲ󷨽ƣҶһͬǼ򵥵ӭϸĻְᷢҶȭͷܵϸ΢ɳѾǳĸ΢΢ĶǳסݻĽ

ԲĽṹ𵴣ͬ仯ǳӦǳ̣ϰҶ̶̵ֱʱ󡣰ҶȭͷѾ޳ʵǰ

޳ƺûҶȻ˶̵ʱڡԼǳ󷨣һֲʵУƺǰһģΪ䣬ɻ֮⡣ûӮΪѾǳľϣɽֲȷš϶ŵɻСҶһᴩ塣

ҶҲ޳ɻ󡣰˵޳ʱȫԱܿȴ㶵ͣ۵ĲţҶû˿飬ֱӶԣҶо޳ʵҲʱ޳ʵȻԭӡֻ񣬽ذȥ

̫ԸˣҶֻ̾һ޳ʺǿֻԺȻıʧ˷ִ磬Ȼֻ˲ʱ䡣ȴ԰Ҷ˽ˡ

Ҷ̧ͷ˿ɻʡɻƺҶɻʵض档˵צҪˣĸԸҿԷŹǣ

ɻʿ˿ҶȻЦҲ˵ˣֻצצΪҪ

Ҷкһ˵ȻˣǾͿʼɣ

ҶߺȻ˼ʮѷɳıѤõĹâȻҶͷɳֱӷǿĹڰҶǰ;Уռֱ飬Ҷǲǰء

԰ҶĹɻߵʣȻҪֻ֣ɻֹǣǰҪҶ

ϢУ˽ˣûо춯صƣҲûۻҵĶ˵Ķ쳣һͨҲףֻǣϸǸԭ˵޺ڰ֪ʵڼ˵ĽС

һߣվһߣһԣǿ˱صĽưš

ô֣ʵ

֮ǰ֪˿϶Ҫ֣Ʋ˰Ҷֱˣ˿ʼʱȴǻһǾֻǶ˼£Ȼɻˡ

ΪʲôҪأ

ȻˣһǾȻЦ⣬ƺµ

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ߣһߣ˵㲻ôˣ

һԳ˵ܣˣֻܶѣǸղŵĽͲǽǶ˵ܵһԡ

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һǾһ֦ǿȥһ֦ͩȻüͷƯŹ⻪ҲʼɢʵĹ⻪һȦȦ쳣Ĺâߡ

ˡʱڿĿû뵽Ȼһֻˣ

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֪ҵºһģ

ʱ׵磬ֱӺˣͬʱ˫ֽ棬һʮֲ𵴶ֱӻзϣתۼ䣬˱㱻׵ˡ



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˽ٱɽ˽ٸΪвƷһγɵ岨ԣЩ֮£綼ڲ

Ѿƣ̶ȵر粻˺Ȼ𶯾ܰ顣

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£Ҳû˵ٴεڶǿ˽γˡ

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ǾôŰɣܲܰҰѣлЦţеּǿ˼֡

ҶҲô׵ͶǿͶˣҶҲῼǲģϾõǾҲ˵ɵʮϵĶһȺѪԵļһ

Ȼһҽд˰Ҷ˼ͬʱлҲ֣ͣس·ȥҶȻ·ľ

·һڰ׽ĴԲɢԲˣǰҶߵ˻ǱߵˣؽƲסˣҶߵֻҪ¾ѣǱߵ򱻽ġ

ղŵĲҽһ˵˷ģΪȼ˻ɫĻ棬治ꡣ

ͨ򣬰ҶĺǾȼյϣĺڰС˵һɢͬһرЩڰ׹˺һ㱻ʴʹ࣬ûܹܵġ

˵Ĳҽ£ֽӶͬĲҽǶͬɫĻסˣڱʴ

ڰ׹⻷ȻֻˣǾֻأ߽ϣóһУ˶ԲģǱ֮ˮŵˮ

ȻˮԿ𡣵ֻڣ֮ˮôؽˣңˮѾûҰ׵ֻػյˡ

ڴֻУˮоԼʱ뿪Լ壬޾ֻУŬ֮ˮס񡣵ĸонһԼ˽ԼͷȻѹƣϧֱӺķѾѪЧȴԽԽԣ֪ò˶ãԼҲܵһֻɵ

ùл翴غڰ׹⻷˵

Ҷл硣лƺ۾ŨŨ˼ߵİҶˣҶţԼڶ֣ȫ԰ɱ

Ҫ룡ɻʵȻ

лתͷ˿ɻʣȻֿ죬˵ɻʴˣƺҵԼ·ˣ

ɻüͷ˵Ҫ

ⲻǺ

˵ţлתͷҶһϧСӣ治ʱ򰡣ϣԺܸһɣ

ŴͣҶȵؿĶΪʲôôɱ

лȻԼıѪѪȻ˳

£һ߿ԶԸˣΪʲô飿

ɻʴˡٺ٣

лѪɻʣȻ˳·ȥĿˮڵֻġ

ҶȺɻֵؿл磬һֱúõģҪԼһꡣôתȴôɴɱˣ

лֱײˮλáˮȻ֪лʲôȴлתֻضֱ˲˳ȥлȫˮλãֱӳֻع⻷ȼлȴûзҽУǷġЦ

һĹлʧˣȷе˵ǽֻˡ

ӣҶ૵

ȷʵǷӣɻҲ˵ΪѰǿΪ˾ߴ·Ȼѡô˵·¿ʼǷӣ

Ҷɻʵжлһ˿⣬Ϊ˸ǿ󣬾ĴȻ¿ʼǰҶû·лȴûʲôԥؾˣ

·ˮȻ˳ȴҲûһսˣԵʱȴһɼǿǣסʧȥ˴󲿷ֻԷһ£ͱˡ

Ǹ֣»ܷűˮɵ޵

ˮҲˣҶɻ˵ɻʣצ඼ˣ㻹ʲôƾЩóɣ

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ɻʵЦҶĪظеһûزһ£ЩĪΪʲôĸо

·Щ꣬ȻѹƣǹɽȴԽԽԣ֪⽹Դ·ʲô鼴øоŵͬʱҲͷ

ҶǲǽŴȥڻûаµˣɻЦŶ԰Ҷ˵

ҶԵظоʱɻƺȸղҪģΪʲôѵûǿģʲô



Ķ ֽ

ɻҪȥҶȻȥܿٽ⣬ɻʲôĸ֣ǿɽԼʱǿûиʱҲֳʤοԼȵΣҲûаա

ôɱ𣿡ɻʿҶûҲơ

һʱҲֲʤȥ;ҵǽצһ֣ܿЩ

Ŷɻʿ˿·ԭҪôˣҪôʮƽˣʣµģò˶ҲӦȫܣΨһҵĵطħ˫

ûл磬ħ˫ͬħʵ㻹мǿĶѾƣ̬ԣţò˶ãҲܵġ

ҶемǷɽԼУɣȻףҲ޷ƣȴ֪ǽе꣬Ǳٳˣ

ɻ̧ͷ˿߳ȻֺȻ̾һһ֣˵Ƕɢɣ

ʱ·ĿռһžȫƾʧٳʱѾԶѾǱħ˫

ͬˣǺЩ˶ͳ˹ˣҶֱʵ

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˵꣬ɻиһֺ󣬻ƮҶҶһץסҲ漴ڰҶɢ

Ҷɻؿɻʡղɻʶġ⣬ֻҪΥԣֱӰѶ

ǸߵʵģߵʵԽǿسͷԽأ϶һɻҲ⣡

Ҷֱץ⣬Ҳͳ׳ˣȻ֪ɻΪʲôôȴһᣬ£Ҷͨչ򣬶м˵׼ǳֱӽɻʣ

ڸ֮ʱ˻֮ʡҶ㴫ڸǳרŶԸֵġʵǰҶҲᱻ·ӡ

Ҷ֪ɻʵʵжߣǳԸԼΪģֻҪԼɻʾԶ

ôĸԸرҶʵ

˭˵ĸԸˣֻǲҵ³ֻ֣Լһ˳ֶѣڣҪˣ

˵գɻʵ˲䷢˸ı䣬ԭȵѾȫһɫУûһƤ¶棬ҲһѴɫĽǽӳأ޹ı͸һɱ

һսս񽣣ɣɻʴ֮󣬷Ҳˣȥ񼸸˵صһƵģеʵʵڣеƮƮУһЩˣʧ

ҶҲеһ˿Ⲣʲô˺ͨ򣬿ʼ֪ܵˣǳŲ

ȻȻͣҶԸҲЩ˵ػصأԶ˵һߣһᣬʵ˱㰴հҶطԸɻΪģһ޵

˸λͬʱɻʱ㳯ȥҶѾɳɢʱɳܵĲɢˡ

㵽ʲô㣿Ҷɻʴ

ɻЦһ˵Ȼ뿪ѵҪԹԵرǽ𣿡

Ϊʲôǰìܣ

֮ǰɻ˿µȥԼܲʤղŰŲԼܡʵ̫ˣһʮֲõϢܣðҶһܸоȴôҲҲĲʸУ

ǰìܣìܵĻʲôˣ

Ӵ򽻵ͷ۵ģ

ûҾǷӣұл绹Ҫ裬ΪԼĵҲϧɽ磬Ҵ򽻵Ҫо򣡡

ˣԼҪģȻôѡˣҾͲߣ

Ǿҿǰ׼ҵı£

Ȼ˵ŻеĶԿȴû˿ֹͣԽԽǿͬʱѾܵˣǹλһ㣬վ˸ԵλϣһصΪǵλöƾɣܿЩռɢܵĿռԽԽ̣Ҷɻ˵ǿ֣ռҲԽԽȹˣ

۷Ծʱ·ɽҲӭ˼ǧĶԿ

ҶӸϱɽԭڲϣȻţʱб

ħڰ׼ҺͱԼ˾Ƶһֵָϴ£뺣ǣͻȻѤޱ⣬ʱЩħͷ˲أ֮£һħͷֻħ硣

󷢳⣬֮еħȫɢԡе泩ޱȡ

㣬ϽˣҲȥʮְɣ¹˵

ͷ˵ţǴӾسһֱЩħͷţҲȥҰҶˣ

ҪȥұҲȥˮæסĸ첲

ЦȻȥֻǣ㸸ͬͬأ

϶ͬ⡭ҪǿЩˮ۾ŽĹ⣬ʹ½ǡ

Ǻǣã˵߾ߣ

һᣬ¹룬ӻˮӰ׼ҳˣʦͽûϾǰ׼ҵˣҪӰ׼ҵ

һ뿪׼Һֱӳȥڴڴ̣ǶŰ׼ҵı־һ·Ҳͨ裬˺óһʱ䣬ǲŵһͨһģǿġ

֮ǰӦùǸպýã˵գһȺֱӽ봫ȥʮ졣

ʵǻ򿪵ģȻԶʮ죬ʱʮ춼һģĳ׾٣֪˭ֻǰ󷨿ˣֻ·˺Ԯ

ʮϣһƬžĸ֣һҲԵʮֹˡ

˭ʱĻ϶ҲͣΪʮϿգϢЩڿеˣ綤һӲǶÿ֮䶼صϢϵţԽܼĵطѹԽ˻Ǻܶĵط֮ԶˣȺѹͿˡ

ȻڿΧĵطˣĵĵطҶɻȻսţ



 ɻ֮ǰ

ҶɻʵϣҲѾ˱ѩһĽᾧЩΪǿѹģѹ£Ҫ˵սˣﶼҪǿʵģȴ·ʲôûһճУôȻô

Ҷʲô󷨣޳ʵǳ̲ѵѧģ

ǳ̣ߣЩֻͽˣҵѧ󣡡

󣿣ɻȴһ㶣Ҳʣû뵽ҶȻ˵ѧ

һһֱעŽе˵Ķģû뵽㻹ǽˣ

ΪǰҶԼûעʱģ֪ҶͨĴнģԴˣҶҲûж˵ʲô

Ҷ˵ɻ¶Цݣ˵طʹе󷨣û

ʲô

죬Ǿ⣬ϱɽڣɽֻͻ϶֪һɽݶͬˣ˵𣿡

ҶǵһۣȻܻҶϸǺ͸Ӧһûзʲôס

ǲΣҷ뿪

ɻЦҡҡͷ˵ҿûΣʵӦùϲ㣡

Ҷüͷɻ˵ƺ˵ģԼЩˡ

ϲʲô

һ㽲ɡһɽݶﲼ󷨣϶ҪɽĶһ߱㿪ʼ֮һֻжԶܶԶȴһֱЩɢ֮Ϊעɻʣңֱ֮ӳɾɻʣ˵ǲӦùϲأ

Ҷһ߸ɻʽ֣һ߿˵㵽δ㣿ΪθңΪʲô뿪

Ȼ뿪ǸûᣬΪΪɻʵһ˲䣬ȫġֻҪץסǸᡣҾ׵ذɱ㡣ȴûκѡ񣡡ɻʵЦݳ˺⣬ðҶ۾ҲȻ

ƺõģԣ֪е󷨣ȻҲ֪Ҫʲô

ɻʵıϿƺרհҶʹ󷨣֮Ȼɾɻʣɻץסһ˲ɱҶɻ֮ǰ֪Ҷʹʲô󷨣֪һ֮ưҶأ

Ҹղȷʵ֪֪ˣĻֱƽ͸ҵģҲ˵ȫҵأץסǲӦأ

ҶɫȻҾ֮ɢ֮ǰȫ

ãĿԴ

˴һܣеʽԽԽǿᾧҲ𵴵ɢֻǣҶЩֲõʵ̫ǿˣռ䶼ᣬ·һ꣬мС桭

˵һνֳʱܳһºʮϱһ澰̧ͷȥֻһֱľ޴壬⾧嶼֮أȴͨľ࣬Ҳ˵ƷƷƷɾȻҲǼƷɾһּɾнɾ

ɾϱ任ɫʣвʱвɫɢܵ״ɾеۼ

ɾȻЩֲõ󷨣ֻǣɾ֮Щվǳڵ˶Զˣԣˡ

ɾģǿأܿĻ϶ᾪȣΪˣ˿ںܵĽɾȻš

ƺҪˣҿôɻЦ˵

ҶҲɻʵʵԼΪϤ󷨣ϸͬͬĵģԲ󷨵Ľѹɻʣƺû

⿿󷨻У

Ҷ˴㣬пʼɢ֮ͬʱҲеĲЩ֮УȻתÿڵС

ȻɻʵĶ˸ı䣬Ҳֱ˵ˡ

˰ʱɻʵĶѾ֮ǰ˽һ룬ɻ˹վҶҲ漴֡

ôԸⱻˣɻһЦ˵ΪʱѾˣ

Ҷһ㶣Ȼеһɼǿͬһ˿·͸Ҷм䡣

ϷȻɽɢģ·ǿɢġ

ʮϸ·ˣۿ϶ȥһ·׷ϣʮϵĴޱȺˣҲûκθţԣǿ˷

бһƬʵ⣬͸ǲ֪ҪȥʲôֻܸȥҪʮʱͣҲоʮϵ

һɺǿһӾ͸ˣ¹˵

ͷܸģҲֻд˵еɽˣֻǣΪʲôҪô

ֱӣһ˵ȥ֪ˣ

Ƕ͵ʮʱͬʱǶҲ˻𶯣ǧҪ

еĻѾоµ֮ʮ춼ᱻ׻ԣбˣǧҪ뿪ԼĽҲҪ̽

ûҶֻ۳ϿȥʱǾȵ˵ˣ

ϣڶŲǳɽľ£ʼֱҲһһ³֣Ϊ֮ԵʣܵӰ죬Ҳȱݡ

Ҷ쵽󷨵ı仯æ֪ͨˣɢҪˣ

ڰҶֱӣ˷ɢȥǾʥ˲𾪲Ź֣

ͬʱҲ˽ԳεİҶɻʣɻɢƣȻʶҲͬʱ뵽˴𰸡

Ǹɻʰɡ¹˵

Ӧǰɡ벻ǺȷҲЩš

ҶʲôôоöϢأˮʵ

æ˵Ҫ漴֪棡

ˮҡҡͷ˵ûи֪Ǿеı죬ûнӴģ

ˮ˵ɽŵ֮ԴԴϵӿҶڣҶʱ򲻹ЩֻǿɻʣӦɻԽԽǿϢ

ɻʡȻز¶ҶʱɻʽסҲ첻ˣΪֻҪһ֮ͬɻҲ⶯ˡ



Ľ Ҷ֮

е˶سԶˣǸеһɼǿԿϵذȥʮϵˣûбһվԭأƺãֻҪԼһ£ͻᱻѹɷĩƵģ

ܿ죬ټսƽؼƺֻˡ

ҶɻʻԭأҶƾ޾ԼУΪԼо⣬ԣ֮ҪȥԶƽ״̬ÿһֶʼ֮ܵĸ죬Ҷоһ翵״̬ı䡣

ûжٱ仯ҶȴͨӦһϢϣϢ쳣ΣҪȫ֮ıҶҲֲϢ

ϢȥûʲôΣյĸоҶȴĵһɺ⣬ÿҪȥϸӦʱϢֱϡƽˣ·һ˲ΣϢǼٵƵġ

ʱ򣬰Ҷϸоһ˿̣ȴҪô󲿷Ӧı仯ɻҲԽԽ˲÷ˡ

ڣ֮޲ѹ֣ɻҲƶȻȫһӰ˺飬ɻʡ

ġҶɴ۾ȫĵظӦеĸı䣬һɹɵظоðҶе쳣Ծ

УеһԼɢǾзġ

ǾǷɽΨһӵ㣬ֻаҶҵ˿̣Ҷȫĵر죬ҲԶ˳һԡ

ĺҲӰҶзɳһԾֹںĵ棬һСɾµ˶˳Ȼַ·붨һϥǷ飬Ҷ

治ʱ򡭡Ҷ˵ţ˿Ѿɻ֮ǰĻϢϵظԼ꣬Ϻôһ˲䣬ԼҪںϣһ˲䣬ԼûκηҲʩչκֶΡκһ˶˵ԼɻʳֵĻԼɣ

ɻӦǸո뵽ġôһƲˣǸƲߵʲô

Ҷȶֿ֮ʼ˼ɻȻڶ״̬ɻʴʱȻȵվҲԽԽ𾪣֪֮ǰԼҲôҵϢվסŵģ

ʱҴҶתǰȥˣʱʮϵһû䣬֮⣬һȺڹţ֮û赲Щ˵ߣܺؿм䷢ʲô

ʮϵ򿿵ýĶ࣬ˣǶͷϢҲУɻƵĲɺӵϢͬ쳣ǿİҶϢ

һǾϢ¹⣬˾Ǳ̫Ҫҫ۵ĹɻʵϢҫ۶ȵأҶ𺳣

Ҷظ֪Ϣ룬֪òһᣬԼҪˣʱ֮ǰҪǿ̫࣬ǰԼƴܱڵĵزڣ£ԼȻ

ɻʣʱȴԼ࣡

ɲǼ䣬ҶˣΪѾϣɽ֮˲ɢӰ٣ûһƬ⻺½ȥɽϢҲ½УܵǹѹֵϢҲɢ

Ҷһ˲䣬ԼķأӦɻʵĹɳҶϵǣɻʾȻҲû

ΪʲôҶʵֱɢһɹɲȻֱǰĿռ䡣

ɻʿŰҶ˵ѡеɻʣɻʣ͸ֻ߳࣬ڵ㣬ȫԼ

Ҷ˷ٴʵΪʲôûйңղһ˲䣬һͨҲץסᣬ֮ǰĴ㲻𣿡

ɻЦ˵ǣǸÿ˶ץסԳ֣Ҳûаհ㳹ĨɱֻҪ㻹һ˿˿ʶܸҲûаյ飡

̧֣˵֮ǰ˵ұдȻ˱ʣɻʣƻǺִеģ

ɻʵ΢΢ɢһϢȻղŵ֮ֻ࣬ǸСҸղռģȻûⶫҲУΪ˱գһռһЩڣٳⱾӿɣ

ɻʻӻ֣ǹϢʵʰȻҶҪ赲ȴ֣ⶫճϵһ㣬ͳԼֱ֪ճԼϣԼϢںһ

ڵѾɻ֮ˣһҪǾǿԼ֮ɽŻ㣬ⲻҫΪ֮ͬʱԼҲм˽⣬ڣǲҪˣ

ҪҲҪȽ㣡Ҷ趯𣬰ɻΧʵʵ

ɻЦݵ˵ˡ

Ҷû˵ʲôΪ֮ȫʧȥ˶ĸ֪·ԼһĳС

ͻȻıȫ֪ʲôҲȫûκԤףôͻأģҶ޾ĺڰУ˼⣬ŭ첻ˣһɻĸоԺֻܽܣģȫʧȥ˸֪˼άҲͣ

ʮϣҶ徲ƮŹĶϵҲû˿仯ʱеϢʧˣ֮Ҳɢ֮䣬ڵĽŸǼСȻʧ١

ɻʿŰҶоŰҶɢϢŰҶǽɢʣУ¶ʤϲɫ

Ǻǣϧϧٸһǧʱ䣬Ҷսʤ㣬ȴûһǧʱ䣬ԣˡ

ɻʸ۵ѾȫɢɽٴȫҲµĹƺһеһж¿ʼˣ֮ǰһҡһȫ˰ҶϣŰҶصĹȥҲˣģص

ҶˡһоĲǸɻʣԶڱĻ

ǵһǾսѽѷ֣ȻͣȻͷ㶵ؿԶһǾĹֱӴϣѪֹȴû˿ᣬȻ㶵ؿǸطһǾҲͣͬʱ



 Ҷ

ҶˡһǾöû

ġġţǵѪסš

һǾȻɢһâȻΰķ಻ˣ±ǿģ֪ʱĻѾȫûвˡ

ȷʵˣӦܸоǰҶϢɢˣɽϢǰҲһֱ֪ɻʵδ㣬ڿɻʻΪܣȻֶԼĿģ

ʲôֶΣʲôĿģѾͨˣеԼ༸Ҫ˳һǰδеѹԴϢ

ǰ̫飬Щ飬󲿷ֶģҶһӦ֪ﵽһĳ̶ȣή췣췣дС˵϶С췣ԣΪɱ顣

˴桢ֱɱۡ

ȻڱεֶΣǶ˺ȴʵʵڴڵģֻЩ췣һֱţûб֮ǰҶõۣȷʵһ˵ʲôܻ췣ҲֻУû뵽۵£ɻȻֶðҶճ췣ģҲܲµһЩӦǽɽǱˣɻʿ϶ɹĿǰҶɽѡɻʣȻɽһɽ£Щ췣˲䷢۰ҶΪٸߣô۵췣£ҲȻѣ

˵һͨҲˡɻðҶɽĹϵѾõ췣ñغ££

Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ɽҪɾͰҶɻ֮λġȴֱ췣ѰҶȫĨɱ⣬ɽ֮ǰԤϵģǡ

ûе˵꣬˺ؼ϶ɽȥֻǡǿһס˵ǿɻڴšʲôȥ

˵ȻûбʲôϢȴǰδеر䣬ǵһǾҲһʱסˣӦʱѾԽ˺ü磬ˡ

һǾҡҡͷҲŻԽ磬ɽȥ

ڰҶǻ޴룬аҶһˣڸӦҶϢɢһʱҲãڰҶһֱĪΪһʱᶼӦǰҶˣֶΣֻŰҶٴγ֣ʱţҶϢҲûлɻҲЦţ˵пʼٵ

ǵһģʼҲðҶܾôͻأȥʮ֪ܿԼˣ֮ǰеһ쳣Ϣֻû뵽ϢȻֱҪ˰Ҷ

ֱԼĽƣ˲ҶߣҲһԵɻʣǱסƯŵİҶ

ŰҶȫʧȥɫ۾ǽӲ˵ԽԽ¶ȣ弱ٶ



쳤ХϢͨʮһӾչټɽ綼ӦһɱϢǵµֱӾͱȾ

ʱЩƵԶԶ˲ȷҶˣ

ӿ֪ǼٷЩּ˲ͬʱҶߣŰҶеʬ壬ʧ

㡢ˣϾΪ߾ܿͻָǣ۾һⶼѪɫͬʱǰĿһԵɻϡ

˵ķŭرɫɻķŭȴȻЦš

ǲˣˣɽµ徻ûоڵ˳һҵ·Ҳˡ

㡭

һ֣ңֱʮйɻûжܣӲ˻һɻǿޱȣҲˣҲѪ

ɻҡҡͷЦǺǣȻֻǳںʮ죬ٸһЩʱգҪסҲѣֻڣȴֻܴﵽزˣ

Ҫˣأ

㡢䡢

ʱˣȻû˭ָӣȴϬһ㣬ͬʱǿĹһ̣һƬ谵ɽƺڲΪ˵ķŭ·ҪƵġ

ǰһܰɱڣȴˣ

ɻ˵ţ˫һ˫֮ɢһӾͰȫסǾ춯صķŭĹ棬ȴСֱʧˡ

ûЧֱӷ˵ڶιȻǵΡĴΡ

ΧһˣһȺΧһɻʣһʱѾ֮ǰķŭҲйһǵͷ֪࣬ԼЩˣǲܰɻôˣ

âɢȥɻʹվʱȴֱӹɻʵüġ

ɻʿ˿ķ򣬻ӻ֣˵ûõģ

ȻǸطһոմԽĻ

ŻĵһǾɻʺҲһ£Ȼ¶Цݣ˵ϲɻʣڵóԸˣ

ɻȴҡҡͷ˵ֻǵһߣȥɽɣ

ǣ

ɻʸܶʮˣֱӳɽȥ֮ǰҲæ˹ߵˣֻؿЩϷС

ɻʴ󲽵뿪ϵĽҲԶ⿪ˣǱߵİҶһ˰Ҷߡ

ѾϢİҶֱ³һѪıѪ

һ˳ڻְͷϣ˵ӣҪ

⸾Ǻĳϣһʦ

ûгֻϵħһΣָ˱壬ħ뿴Żֿ˿еİҶҲǱˡ

ɽĳط壬һ˵ֶˣôһҲż

һ˵һЦ˵ͬʱеİϡ

«ﵽʲôҩǽӵʲô

˵˲ż壡

Сӣ㲻˵֪ܰ˫㲻㲻Ҽ

壬Ҿ͸㣬˰ɣ

ǿ˵ˣ

ǣǣ



 

¹ʮƵؿŶˣ˿ȥʮţһͷѩ׵ͷһƮݵĳһʾѺͲ뷲¹֪һʮԼıȥı˵ԣ˷跢񣬾ڣ仰˵׵飬СӾǲ˵ԼļҪˣ

һ壬ˣ¹ֱ˵˵˰ɣ

ҡҡͷ˵Ͳֻ꣬ڷ°Уǵһ̣Ҫú£ȻҾͲ㣡

¹һ򶼳صԼҲҪˣһϣ˵㲻ңԺҾҲˣ

Ŷ¹ŭӣһ㶣ȻǺЦúãٲ㣬ĻѸˣ

Ȼ֪ͿЩ˵ɣ

·˵ֶˣʵʵڵˡǣΪĳЩԭûֻûг϶ѣ

ʲô˼Ƕ¹ҲûСӵĻ˼

ţֶ֪Ǹ已̥ΪԵģһ˵ʹȻ֮⣬ԼйأΪʲôȥչ˱ˣƫƫôأ

Ϊʲô˵Ǹ⣬ֱӹΪʲôô¹ʱҲȻ뵽ƺµ⡣

˵ǧƽȣ˼ǲʵȴ̫ĲƽȡΪʲôأ

¹üͷ˵ҲҪ㽲㻹ǿ˵˵ʵʵضɣ

˵ֶ֮ˣ㲻һƽ֮¡ƫƫôȻչˣˣЩ飡

ôһ仰¹չüͷ˵ô仰£Ȼұôãĺܲ

Ȼ󣬶¹ʵܲ˵һЩ

ǧǰֶﻹûʱұһ㣬ֶﵱڣҲ˵Ҫһ귽ܳʵϡֻǧͳˣ

ˣ¹ʵ

Ȼûҵֶȷʵ˼ô˵ɣǧģֻһ֣꣬ȫģҪȫȻҪʱ䣡

֪ˣ¹Ȼ˵ֲҿֶϱ֮ԭΪֶӺҪأԭҶСӵ廹ﰡ

ţȻô˵Ҳ࣡

ֶ֣ﻹҪòȫ

š°ͣ˳Ǽѩ׵غӣ˵ˡ

ôԥԥģѵ㻹㲻𣿡

һۣ˵ǰСֻǸӣɻʣһѾ˲ˣѵܱȵĹ

봵ӵ۾ӣ¹һ㶣ȻЦ˵ҲгԱʱ򰡣

Ц֮ǾʵȻѾȷСӵĳʱˣôɻǱô죿ӣѾҪȫɽˣʱҪЩʲôɾͲˣ

ģɻʼɽɽ磬Ҳʲôط˵ģ

֮𣿡¹˵طǰģ֮ǰͲ֪ôطĴڡ

û֮ΣҲܳˣȻô˵ʵϣ⻰ֻԸãΪһĳ̶ȣǾֱӰǵԣĹųЩǿߣˣ֮УǳһĿƵĴڣһ߲ε磬УɽѾ߲εˣɽĿƣǱֻȥ֮ˣ

¹ͷ˵ҪΪһʱܰ쵽ģ֮Ȼи֣ȴʮɻӦþǴȥ⣬Щذɣ

ûһ;ȥĻɻ뻹Ҫ£ɽ췭ظɽ㲻ֱܿӰ֮У⡭аɡ

ǺǣаȷʵаΣ˼·ӽȥˣ

ôĶ¹ҲˣЦ˵

ǼˣֻǼЩ棬Ȳһɻʵģ

Ҳ˵Ƿˣôô뵽ӱأˣǽ壬֮ǰŵģذ

¹۾һƳæ˵ˣֶϱԪӦûûָɣҸպû᲼һֿٻָ󷨣ȥǣýʲô⣡

ţˡιûס¹㡰ಡһˡ

ʮϣճ˺ü죬ȻǺü죬Щ֮˵ҲֻǶ̶̵Ƭʱ䣬ȻֳȴôҲ˿ڣϾڵΪҶ˵˾ԵãÿˣûиҶֱӵĽѾѰҶ쵼ԼԻ͵£߸ԼȴȻˣеıʣÿ˶ת

ħ뿴ѪĻֿ˿ɢ޾˵ǣȻЩʲôҲ޿κΡ

ȻħܵһɲϢ˶۾ϢǱˣǶ¹ġ

¹ûж˵ֻǼ򵥵ĸ֣Ҷоȣ

ħĸ֣ӦʵʵڵĶ¹Ϣ֪¹ǲƭģ̲ס˳Ľ

ôˣħԱߣħȻɢϢʵ

ҶоȣҶоȣҶоȡ

˵˺ü飬Ҳûнͣ˵ѹ˽ֻͣظŶ¹Ϣ

ܵ˵Ϣ˲ɢǹرɫϢһӶħϣħȻ֪޾סظĸ֡

ˮֱӷɵħߣʵ룬˵ʲô˵ұоȣôȣ˵

ˮѾ˻ĽƣͬɵҶߣΪҶ飬Ҳû˴˵ݣôĬĬؿţʱˮһ˵бɻؿȻаҶܣ



߽ Ѱʥ

Ȼ˲֪ǰСҶʲôϵ£Ҳֻɻһ漴Ŀħϡ

ħʱҲӦƵĿ⣬˵¹ңҶоȣ

ֱӰѶ¹ͷ˳ȻҪţȻʶ¹

ǾħߣʵȷǶ¹

ǣǲӦģ

ԴˣǾҲţΪ֪һֱǸŶ¹ģңҲӦû˭Ϣƭˡ

ôȣ

֮Ǿֱʵ

Դˣħȴǲ֪ˣ˵¹ֻҴĸ֣Ķû˵

ȻˣЩȥҶ¹Ǿ˵

õġȵȡ

ħ˶۾˼Ȧǲ˼顣

ôˣ

ԣôӦȥ·ˣ

ħ𾪵˵ȻӦȥ·ˣԺжЩǲԼˣʧˣǹǸطһϢĪزˣԼļгһƬհףԼҲ֪Ƭհеʲô

ħæԼļ˵˳Ҳһ󾪲Ǿüͷֻʵֵֻܣ֪ô𣿡

ڱΣⲻһһȫظǵڱΣɻҲҵ롣ɽ磬زֻа׼ҵ룬˫ȻΪԼڵ

ֻô˵ǾŻȻ˵ֲһֱҲ룬ԭˣҶֶ¹Ӧøһô˵Ҷоˣ

Ǿֱⷬ˵ģֻǶھϸ˼ȴôףҲвٸŻһˣȻ֪˭ЩǰҲߵ˽ͣһĹ򣬴ҶԽ϶ĻˣаڡҶǲˣ

ֻǣ¹ֻ˵ĸ֣ȻûӰӣǸô죿˴۵СۣȻû˱ˡȴ޿κˣ

һֱ侲˵ĻҲǰתǧ𵴲ѣ֪ıº֪ҶĲˣǣ뵽ҵǣڼ᲻ʲôʣ᲻԰Ҷɲص˺

ûеףԣ˶û˵˵ĴͶ¹شȻ¹ֻ˵ĸ֣ежٱʣ˭֪ҡ

Ļû˵꣬˵ô֪ģ

˻һĵȻֱ˵ɢɽѰλǰ䣬ж

⻰ԵȴȻֱɢʮ·ȥʮ첻ͬʮ죬ʱҪѾǧ࣬ȥȴ򵥵Ķֱ࣬ӱˣȻлҪעһµģһ֮ػҪܿ

յģһɢÿ˶Ǹ֣ľ󣬿궼ѷģЩǿۻң֮ҲӦ˹ҲûʲôãҲȥæѰңϾд

ΣҲʶԼ֪ԼȻһʮѤõƤң汾ȴû٣Ƕ԰Ҷһĳ羴䵱ҶʥʱϢǴѣԺʱǻУΪһˡ

ܿʱʮϾͲȫɾˣ˳˰Ҷͻ⣬л¹롢ˮ㡢䡢桢˫ԼǾȡ

˻ûʼ˵͸еһƬռ𵴲ѣȻһҫ۵Ĺâ͸ռ䣬˹תۣһͷڵ˴æط˹һֱ׷İ

ں˹ɳϵ׷ɱʱȻоɳϢȻˣȻһɺܲĸоĵָоֱӰ쵽˰æͣһĪı˴ĵӿ

ΪĺȻͣ£ҲˣȴҲܲôˣֱӳķ

ֻǣˣںȻ֮£ԣڹǿ£ֻȻָƣѺ󣬱ŸոջָһԪ崩Խռ䣬ϻ½磬кϢİҶʱɲȣҲʧȥǡ

ڣǾֱӷסȻǾֱӶ˵õģ绹оȣ

оȣһϲæʵôȣң

ֻҪҵү룬ҲǴ˵еܾ

үãȥ

˵գֱӷʮ죬ȥҪȻذ׼ңүټһҲ֪֪үү϶֪ԣֱȥүүˣ

Űֱӵ뿪ˣǾҡҡͷ˵ô嶯

Ȼµˣ˵һȥɣôѰңܰɽ緭һˣ϶ҵģ

֪ҶоˣѾղôˣҲ˾ĵѪˣĬĬŰҶֱʮȥ

ˮɫӵؿȥĻΪΪԭظܵʱ飬ղŵֱˡˮе졣

֪֮ôǿҵıϢֻΪҶ֮Ĺϵڣ֪ѾǷˣҲȻоԼȥ׼ףȻǺռ˶벿֣ԼϲϲҶأ

һԵˮĸɫԷɹһ㣬ˮô࣬Ȼ˭Ҳ֪ԺΣôֻ࣬ͽհˣ

ˮĻ۾Žͷ˵֪ˣ

ȻҲֱӳ·ȥ˺ܿȫʮϡ

˵Ϊ˲Ҷ𻵣Ȳһ󷨣

˫ȥһӾʮ죬ֻػӻ֣ʮܵϢ£һۣһĹһظӵ󷨱γˡ

Ǿ󷨣ɵͷȻȻ֮󣬰Ҷ϶ܵʲô˺

ŰҶֱǸУʱһ΢㸲˰Ҷ棬˺



İ˽ ·

ҶܵƵı߳󷨣˵ȥˣ

˵գֱӴǰʧ˵⺢Ҳ̫ˣȻҲˣҲˣ

˵ҲȫߣҪŲС

˲Լͬؿ˻Դӵʮû˵ٻ֮ȴûİĸоǷģǶʦ֣ڵҲбָߵˡ

ȻΪȥߣȻԼͬø⡣

˵ȥɣҵΪǿʮģ뿪ҵı¾ʹۿˣңܺúõرҶ

õķˣ˵ʦ֣Ҳȫˣ

Ȼ˶һ֣漴׷׳˷ȥ

˿һİҶֿ˿һƬǽʮ죬̾һһԶػš

ɽ磬ЩȻУѸٵرɨһգȻɽ紦սζȴ֮ǰ࣬Ϊ徻Ҫʱȴ֡һȺİĴѲʲô

ղַɹһȺˣ˵ư

ǰһʥΪ֪Ǹģ

ӦòǼģĳɻ˽µɣ

ҾãӦǼɻ˽µһɻʾôǿǸɻǸǿ󣿶֪ɻʶǺƽģ

ˣֻҪٸһɱ޹ˡ

ԣԣǧˣӭ˷˺ӣټսȥʲôʱ֪

һȺ۷׷ף·ǣûǣЩǹעģֻһЩصĵط

ڡڵΪ׾ŪһݴѾˣڷʱ֪ҪٱΪɽ̫󣬶ɽôݻģԣݣĳһƬ

ɽȻȫݻһЩĻڲͬĵطݻֳģԣѰҹУûҵ롣ҲҵһЩصĵطЩطǶϱ־ȴרǰƽ⡣

ǰƽ˶һЩɽԭظ֡ˣЩǴʮȥ󣬱˼ĸְæѾǳˣǳȥҲ޹ؽҪ

Ĳ֪𣿡׳ʵ

󣬰齲һ飬Ҳ֪ʲôطǰӵһЩţڣһҲӦˡ

֪СûҵֻԼУңҲ֪

ǣҶûˣ

Ѿ˵˷飬ȴһҲǿԼضӣҪˣȴһ취ҲûС

İɣȻ˵ˣҶһû£㲻ģҲЩһȥѰң忴ô㲻ҲЩʾģ

ţ

վ˵ͽ̸ˣھȥ壡

˵꣬뿪˴ɳ˰׼ҵء

ιι㿴ַɹһȺ

¹ָϵһȺˣ˵ǵڼȺˣЩôɽ㣬ôһҲ֨أ

üͷǰ̣ƺû¹ػƵġ

¹ҲüͷȻһӣֱȥʱзӦæ֣˵Ȳˣҿɻûأ

ҲôСӣϰѾϣҲÿ棬ЩɽˣǷˣǿɶĲˣ

̧ͷ˿գȻ˵óʱȻڲǻʱ

ǣʲôʱ

ɲ˵ģСɻˣӲˣҿɿΣʱӦò䣬ڣֻˣ

ʲôˣʲôҲ֪ȷ֮Ȼͻˣ

ı飬¹ЦҡҡͷСҲĲˣˣǵĪɣ

ʮϣɽɽУɻʾһԣ֣ʱŹ󣬿ȥ·һ㣬֮ǰ²ɣȫˡ

ɻʣʱҪˣǿ˳ѵ

ɻʵͷ̾һ˵ʱѾ˲֪꣬ڵˣȴЩˣ

ЦЦ˵ȻģǺǣˣҵɻʴˣʼɣ

ɻҲЦվ˵ʱ䲻˰

˿ܣܶһֱ׷£Ȼܶ˶ǰĻڵĴսȥˣʼջʣһЩ

ǵˣɻʳһʵ

صѾָ˴룡

ûаڣ׻ָģôòŻָ룬ɼ֮ǰ˺ж

ˮҲͷ˵Ҳָĳˣ

֮ǰĽԺеͰˮ˳ʱǻ֮ʱҲû֮󣬿ҩˮܺúûָ

Աߣũģħ˫˵Ѿȫָˣ

ĴлԼֻˣЩǿߵĹҲǱںܿͷô£Ҳ

ɻʰһһѯʹ˶ٻָһЩ˵ȻˣǾ߰ɣһ·ϣ֪ʲôǲԸĻھͿ뿪ˣ

Ȼûжɻʱִһһϣֵݺ̺ϣܿ죬Щ̵ĸӷ׷׷ڿн֯ţ쵽֪Զ

ҵ·ˣ

ɻţ̤ݺύĹ·

ĵһǾɻ̤·Ҳһǹ·֮ϣӦŹ·ɢĪϢǺܾǰԼӦϢһƬǰߵɻʣţɻʴʱҲӦøӦϢɣ֮Σ֮أɡ

ɻʺ͵һǾ̤˹·Ҳ׷׸ϣܿ죬ǾûУֻ·ĵŹ⻪



ľŽ Ҷ

£Ǹоʱŵģһֻǵڹ·ϣ˶ãֻգ۵ʱ䣬ÿ̤һַ·£ìܵĸоУû˳ΪߵģɻǾǣӦŹ·֮εϢΪ͵ЩǣӦصϢֻĬĬظţҲ֪˶ˣ·ת۾ҪˣƺҪ޾

Сӣǽǧȥˣôûж¹ʵ

⼸ÿ궼Ҫϼʮ飬㲻Ҷˣû˵

ǧǰҲǿЩĴߵʵ̫ۣħ뷢ѶϢ˵ҪѰʱˣȻʱδûҵ

֮ЩĴѰҵ˶Ҿ͵ǱޣȴϢ뱾Ϊܺúùˣ߻һˣһ߶߶ϵˣû뵽ȥɾĶ¹ȻǸôµļһ

ǺǣµĻЩ˾ͶǷˣŶҲ֪ΪʲôȥˣϾһˣ

ԣûȫ¾һˣҪôӣҪôɵӣ벻عЦš

⴫˵еôεӣ˭˶Ҫһ㶫¹ʶˣҲɵؿЦСÿа

Ȼ䣬¹ĿЦˣЦҲȻֹŲϣתͷӣ࿴һۣȻȻϲʣš˾ʹǰʧˡ

ʮϡһˮ棬ȻǰҶ

ڰҶߣǧʱ䣬ôģԲҲ۾û뿪Ҷ塣

ԱߣŵˮˮԻãǰҪشĸطɱڡôʱ䡣ȻҲ粽

Ů֮⣬򡢹桢㡢䡢˾ƵҲˮ׸

ʮϡЩֻģٳ⣬ĸ֣ԭȷ֮⣬׼ҵˣҲҶѹڰҶظװףΪԵû

ҲڣЩ˶Ϊ˱Ҷ˺ģ֮ǰҶǿҲûǸʸ񣬵Ҷ֮ΪʥȻת۾ͳɽȻҵʮ춼Ƶػ

ûҵү𣿡ĵسʵ

Ȼ˲ҪΪҶͰ붼׵İ׼Ȼô׷£ԣȻҰ룬ֻǧʼˣȴû˿

ûҵģүȻ˵ˣͲµģҲֻǲģųȥҵġ

ֻԵصͷؽˣҲֻؽͲаôţôţʵ˻ǴˣжԷһЩ

Ȼ䣬һֱŵˮһĽһʮǧļžˣ˼ͬʱȥҲ׷׾ȵվ

۾žȺͿϲΪҶ˶ˡ

ˮеİҶǧǳ׵׵ʬȻǧټƵزϣȴʵڣǧʬȻһ˿޵

Щ˵ǰҶ巢ģǴƮʬסģЩΧڰҶܣʵӫ⣬ˮһ۾ͿЩӫ⣬ˣҲע⵽û

иӦˣȴûиӦ˿Щƺֻӣû˿ʵϢԼ۾ǿյһƬɵ۾󣬶ĸӦôʵìܵĸӦûǲ⣬ҲںЩЩ󣬼Ȼ˵ѵ˱˵ǲҲˣ

˶뵽˰˵ӣҶоˡ

⣬Ҷӵˡˮһ˲ƹֱӴѾָǵҲһæҪҶȹ壬ҶȻʼڻˡ

Ǿæס˵ҪżȻ˵ĵ

һȻͣŸоԼƺֻŰҶˣҶڻĵһӦʩӽƣǾ˵ģڵ󣬻ǡ롱Ḷ́

Ҷܵɢŵӫ⣬ѰҶסȻ󣬰Ҷ嶼ʼֽ⣬Щһ֣ûжãҶĴûˡ

Ȼ֪Ǳģֹסᣬߣ˵ҪģҪעЩȥ㿴ƺҪˣ

ģһῴסǵģһԵˮ˵۾Ŵ׵ɫǻɳ

ֹһᣬҶ˶ˮڻˣ˶ʵֻһɳԭأǸҶںϵķɳ

ҶɵԶ·ȥˮһ˫۾ؿţҲͬʱţҲţǾˮﻹʣµһɳ

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˷𣬸ǰ˷ʮ죬·ϣֻؽ˷飬ɳ֪ҶԼҲ˵ʱŵ飬Ϊʱʵ̫ͻȻˣû˿Ԥ֪ͰҶ˫˫ʧȥҲǸˣֻǰҶ֪Ϊʲôһ档

ĳɽУһ®棬롢¹ǻˣһǰҶĸװףһǰҶүү䡣

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