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ԡˣ1

ҽСĭǵ۾СŮ
ھ³ߣҪΪȡߣΪڳߣĸԸ⣬֮ǰĸǶȡ˺ص֣ЩŵŽҲڳߣ³ߣ˸ϲӣϦ
ĸ󳣳˵ǵ۾˼ҵĺȡֶЩ׵֣ĸԼĺȡȴôΪôߡ֣ĸ˵ʲôҲԸ⣬ĸԼ⣬ȡСĭΪǵ۾СһŮȡԡĩ
ϰˣҲýߡߡСĭʲôͬĸȴܵ⣬ΪһӵȡˣҴҽеҲϿڡ
кü㣬ƽʱҶܺãΪ곤Һܶ࣬Сʱͼǳɳȥ£һ߾Ǻܶܶ꣬ÿλҴЩĶҿġʱһֻоŽϦ
СĭĽ쵽ˡĸ͸̸ʱҲʲôֻ֮ǰ̸ʱ˵ӣǼõ飬Ǻֲܿ顣
֪ʱСʱֻÿĸ󣬾˯Ҳһ˹¹µĴţһҵĽˣҶ֪Ӧô졣Ҫһֱţ룬ʱŶҴУӦʱôģԽԽʱ򣬽һֱûңԼҲĵˡ
һֱҾǧʱԾɾԼǸӡĸȴ˵ǧɽеĴ˵һҪӣ˵ڳҪԣҪʦѧϰˡǵ۾ŮΥϹŴĹأҪھǧѡʦʦѧˡ
ǻĸ͸ᵽĽѡʦʱϸ񣬶Ҫһ飬ΪҶŮһϴΪĸÿյ̨ȥ죬ΪǧҪ⿼еĽ
ĸĳãҲδ̨ϳʲô¡
һµչ˫̨ʱ۾һİ׹߾Щ¡¡֮⣬ʹһƤһ̣ұ۾ֻǵĸ˵ĻֻҪǰͿˣĬ仰һֱ塣
۾ʱȴѾ䵽̨ϣ׵Ⱦ˵ɺ죬ѱĻĳĸĻСߵߣһʹѾӰ١ֻǸ۾ȴЩ㵵ɫΧ֤ҳĴǣҲķ
۾ΪΣĸĿңָĸҵĶͷȴһš
Ҫ
Ȼͼסĸ󣬿ԾĸͻȻʱҵĶͷһܶѡ
۾⡭ǴҡҡͷǱ˵˰ɡ
û˵˭̨ϱ˵ǱǴǵ¸صϹ֮˵ǣҲûκε飬׷˵ǡ
ֻ˶ͷŮӼ˵ίʵЩáĸϧĵ

ԡˣ2

̨߹ôҾѾλɰСˣǵҵĶŮҲ˿ŴðʦĻҪʦѧղУǸ˵ġ
һһ׵ȹһ˿Ҳϲ޺ɫǽգĸ˵ôҲҪźЩϲҲֻĻ취еģֻ洩˼ɫ˿ɴȹˣĸֻҡͷεİ
תȥҸʱֺֻűǴɣҴҵĳȥʱҲûҲʲôɣôæҵҲǡ
ҲѾϰ˸˵æµҺ߻ĸ󣬻дôõĸǡΪյԵʣǶʦԶеĵطΪҲΪҴЩûС⣬˵Щѵһϡ
һֱ칬֮УʲôطҲûȥÿζǴ棬ҼĶǴģÿһ治ܶôͨҿϡ֮ǸҴģЩϡ֮еϡ
ַǷ
ĸæкǣСŮһŵĳζ
˾ֵСǸһҲûͣЪӿһֱڴӡ
ôɣȴûмʲţСŮѾ˵ɾѵΪʲôȴһֱûҵء
ɽɾĳӣ˵ҲЩմ״ʵĹϵɽɾǸһеĻ飬ͲȸС٣ֻÿϰоڵ˺ܴͻδ䡣ǸȥӲǸָ£ñ˹
ҲΪ⺢ͺ͹µıȽ϶࣬ʱ׵СסЩӡЩʱԼû¹תתĸҲԼĺһϡǼСһʱĴȥ涼̫С²ңɹÿζǣҵС֣ƵҸǵֺǺǵһĽšСĭ㣬Сĭ
СϲôĽңСĭҲֻеʱһ۵ʱ򡣺ˣҲҪʦУΪеĵطǱȽϽʱתתÿ˵Щ鶺ĸֺǺǵЦֱͣ˵ԺһҪŮ
һǵĸ˵ʱץŹֱۣǺԼһԵĶĸ˵Ҫȶ¹ĸ׼ˡ̧ͷŹʱ۾ˮһĨЦ⻮۵ס
ǿɾסСŮʵǾҡҡͷҲ֪ȥĵҲӰ
һ·ѰȥȴסЦǺǵСľǧٳôڴŴҵĹأĴȥʲôĪǻӳˡ
ɱĸĹкѣСҳĸ˵λרŴӱ֮۸ϻΪ
ùþͻĭ˵Цĭûлùõأǿźִ־Ө͸ޱȣĭʹһҲءЦĿ
ʹûȹù÷ӦѾһ̵Ķ㵽һȥˣŶ͵͵ĿŹùϲ˼ı仯ţźǱ䰮ɲҵñùÿϡɽ磬˭ֻ֪ҪǱùÿеĶûһòġ
ɿÿնսսĻ飬ľԱҲʵ֧ŲסԾ˹ùõ⣬Ѻ͸ʱùæڽûȥǺ飬֪һ쿴԰͸Ҳ̫ףûԼȡȤζҲôϲĻвȥĵǡԾҡ
Ȼң֪ôԴֵĺ飬ҲЩҰɡЦһ·СܵȥѰ

ԡˣ3

ƫһ·ĴĵˣСŮæĲɿȴһֱѰǲǽǶôҪӣοɽλ˶ڣʦҲڣôֻܲǲ֪ǲǶҪҾϲˡ
ԽԽź棬ҪϾҵʸһ
СôءǣСҪҲôʼȾһҾҵ֣תߡ˲оߵĻݴƺЩһĶȻһȴѱС
ѽȾ㣬ҳ͸͸ɣұ֤ҲԶתתƣҪʼʱҾˣܿ԰ɡҾַģһȾҡҡͷꡱһЦ۾һȦɨһܣûʲô˾ҪĹɡ˵б۾ң߷ĿЦݡ
СȾһֱչҡ򻨴ӡ˵ʱҲΪһָȾСһֱ׷ߡȾ˵ϲǿ񣬴пֻû꣬Ըµһˡ
ĸϧȾͱѩһֱĸߣĸãĸͬһ谮֮޻˵Ҳֻ֪ҵ˼
ȾȡЦˡоЦ
ҿ˵ɾˣôһֱҲأҪҪҰҿȾΣб۾ȡЦҡ
Ⱦ㣡ʹİķƣأǿȥĸ߰ɣĸҲС£ҲɾͱˣʲôȱаţǿȥɣҵȵԼʱȥġұ˵ƣȾȴŶЦҲͣ
֪ˣ֪ˣͻȥ˳㿴ǹɾǲѾڴˣʡ㵽ˣǲǰ
Ⱦ㣡ҹֵ
˺ˣ֪ˣҲСǶȥк˿ɲŶ˵꣬Ⱦһͷ죬ֺǺǵȥ
ȾղǳǳģǺңԶһ㣬ȴһֱǣҵ񾭣ΪʵϤĺܡ
ĵż⣬ƹصĻԶԶվڸߴ£ƺлޣĺˡ
֮ȴһĨɫ˺֮ġ
Ĭš
·ɫǹϲѲҲǾ̫Ƴɢĵġ
Ǹúúõһ£ҵհȻҲҵϲһ棬ôԼˡ
ָһӣᲦֻɫ֮ȴ͸ۻơҵֲɵôݽҧ촽һֲõĸоӿͷҲͷŤһߣ۾һ
ָһ˲䲦ҵɴ۾ֱֱĿǰһС
ۿԶҲġ
ĻоȻһŮӣգɬЦݣĿĶӣҪǸŮӲˣҵľŽ㡪Ϧ
ϢĴʹҵ۾ͷʱһһܶ
ϦΪʲô㡣
Ҵվԭأ
ԴһƬĿհס



ԡˣ4

ˣһ
Ŷͷ˿ڣ۾ȴһգգĶǵķ
ⲻģġˮģ˫ۡҵģҲĸǰ㣬ûзԣǾĬˣΪʲôΪʲôĻһŮӣΪʲôǸ˻Ϧ
Ϊʲôҽҧ촽һ˿˿Ѫ͸ڴ֮䡣
Ϊʲô˻ߵĽк
ʱɽƼȻһ졣֮䣬֮УƺеߡͷƲסĿһʱ֪ν£ͷܶѵ޷侲

Ϧ

ңɽ֮׹䣬Ƕҵĺãһһԭֻһֱ顣ĲϲΪʲôҪôãΪʲôǸ˲ңϲϦľŽ㡣
ϦΪʲô˵ǲһԣΪʲôôΡ
ҾͺһɵӣһЦɵӡ
ҵľǧٳڷɹ̨ڿԽĺվһ𣬱ôĽӣȴΪʲôҿһĻ
Χܲ

ҵķŭҵĲʣҵĿҵǱӲĸһʹ޷µЦݴʱҲôôЩŪ֪ϲģȴûһ˸˵顣һɵһı졣
ҰˣΪʲôȴ˵

ѹֲסĵֻĽкйƺþȫ֮ȴͻȻһƬհף˱ƮƮȥ
С͵𣬾Ͳ±˸˵۾ĸ⵽𷣡
۾ȴһſЦݡƫͷ˫ֱԺ󣬰Ŀʯ֮ϣܡ
˵㵽׻ҪѹҶðˤѾҵĺʹˣ⵹ŲˡӣίĿҡ
ŷ֣ԭһֱ˯ϣֲ¸оģЩȵϢôһϵ˫ֺҵĨǰᣬԲҲǹģûŰɡ
˵ûôţҲ˭ô׾͸ˡ㣬һСɣҲȽϱ־Сˣô˯ôߵĲ֮ϣ˯ôʵܴ⣬ҪǱ˿ˣԺɻôȥ˰νӣԱߵһСݺУ
ҡҡ
ôˣǸղ˵̫˰ɣް¿˿ˡԽ˵Խޣһղŵ飬ҵǰͲͣĸֳϦ˵һĻǰ֪Ľģ
ûޣû¡䲻ͣǰĨᡣ
޳ˣ˵û£ѵ˵ˣ޴תƣ֪Ǻá
ӣӣһˡԶԶľһٽУǰһƬãȻᣬֹס
ˣллˡƹˣ۾ȥκ¡
ӣղ˭ʵ
֪˯úúõģͻȻʹϿޣҲ˵Ҳ̯̯֣˳ʯ֮ϣ۾Ů뿪ķ򣬡ˣȥ¿нˣ˵

ԡˣ5

˵أ˵ǵ۾С̨˶ͷȻʲôǴ˵ʲôû£ʽһҾͿǵ۾鷿̸飬п϶ʲôɸ˵顣ҡ˵⣬˺ȻסָȻڰжסղŻüɫ۾Щ졣
ôˣ𾢣Ȼͣסʵ
ӸղСɣͻȻЩָŸղŮȥķɴ۾
ʲôŮȥķֿĪˣžһһ˵ͷϣƵʲôʱ޳ѧˣǺõĲѧѧЩҸĵԺٽǰͷɡ
ǰӣղ˶ͷϾһ˵İ̺ۣղЩСſڿഫһһİ̺ܿܶĻ棬ǡ˾е
˵ʲôһԾ˫ְ˵˫磬ʵ˵ղŵСǵ۾Сûɡ
ǧȷϣﻹ˵һŮӶͷ˺۵ģֻһ˶Ѱ˿϶
ſ˵˫磬˫ָصŲӣǵ۾СŮСǿЦ챾͵͵ֵģȴû뵽ȴӴĻǿЦǣôأӦڴ֮˷ô޳ģЦҡҡͷʯ֮ϣ۾ŸղŻһֱŮӡ
˵Сϲ޺ɫٳĸû취죬ղСɲû㿴СɣһǴϲɫģôôȻǰһѡһС񣬴Ͳ±𷣣ƺӿ϶ŮӾǽǡǵ۾ʮ
ʮ۾ʮĵŸߴĸƣĬ
ɣ࣬ߣȥͻȻͻȻЦ˳ְԱһ۵СУ˫ָȻԵõĵŲȥ
ǹҵҪ֤ʵ˵еĹʲôӣֻҿİ޵Ѿͷɡٺ١Ӵʱ¶аȵЦ
һ·Сܵӳ˵ߣһղŵ飬ӾͻȻ
֮ϵ˾ͻȻ£ѲƸղ뿪ʱĻû࣬ʱҲҪʱˡ
뵽ղֻſޣ۾ڻˮ۾Ҳѱúףôȥˡ
ֻһȦһˮӳԤϵ۾ǺáصŲӣƽʱҲͰˣɽôҪӣ֣̫ңһʳҪô˵ء
ţҿߵĻɫۣôһȺɵǰ׾ӵķڸԼӣЩڸʵЩ
ţұȡЩͿĨ۾Χȥ׵۾ҲôԣŻŲӳȥ

޽֯1

ҵСɻˣءҸս˴Ⱦ͸æһߡ
ҪʼˣҲú׼¡Ⱦµ·ȷûʲô׺󣬲Ÿҵͷ૵ĵǵСҲˡ
ޣȾĻҸ̲סıסȾҲҪ󣬻صǰãԸһҲ󡣡
ɵѾͷ˵ʲôˣ׼ȥˣҪȥݼʦءȾĨ۽ǵᣬһĿҷôŪôĻ⡭Ⱦִ˴꣬Ȼֵ۾ôˣŶס
һҪܹ⣬֧֧Ų֪˵ʲôá
ѽҲ˰ɣҵȻôѵ˵Ⱦ㾶ԵΪҿϣһ飬һۺС㵽С
ڸҲҪúڰ㿴⻯ʲôױֱǺͿĨѽȾһ߰һţһ̾
ȾӣĸС׼ûǲǿԳȥˡ˾ǵСվڲԶʵ
ˡȾͷҲûصӦ
ˣɰСҪȥٳˡ˵꣬ȾǣҵһһĳŴߡ
Ҿ·ƺߵ·ľͷҾˡǵСʱ򳣳ĸʲôʱŻ᳤ʲôʱŻϦ͹һĿԵȥʶǳ˵Щ飬ȥɽˮѧЩСϷŪϷŪˣҪǣҳˣͲڽСˣԺҲø˵㻹С㳤˾ˡ˵⻰ʱЦĺˬʣյһ˿ġ
֮ҾͳˣСʱ׵Ҿʲôˡ
Ĳ볤Ҳ׵ĵһǹҵġ
СˡȾҽĸУĸ涵۾οЦҾȻôᣬֻҪ룬һû˵ĵطܶ㵽ȥء
СĭôˣѵﻹۣĸָҵĶͷһ±Ⱦס
ˣɰȾεҡҡͷ
ĸʶղŴʱصԣֻý§ڻҵͷ̾˿Сĭ£ĸһ취ȥ̺۵ġ
ĸҲ¡Ҽѵļһ˿Цݡ͸ȺҿűǴЩŵĴӺһ·ϴǶÿ
һֱߵҸǰҵ˫磬ĵҵСҲˡ
жٵжٵĵǣӵ˵Ҳ
΢ЦſŸĵҳˣҲڸԼһЩܻ㲻ġ
תȥڶĴСǵգСĹĭľǧٳӽλɰࡣǴѾ飬ӽ𣬱Ǵɱĭҵʦ
ԱϣһȻֻҶܾ졣
ǴҪҵҵʦôܡ
ţǴɵмµڶ࣬صǸܴϻ۵ͽȴħ׻˵Խ˵ҲԽӴ˱ǴѼ궼ûչһͽܣ길Ҫ£˼ռҹҲûҡһ˼ôͽܡ
ڵһֱȾʹһѣҲŷӦ
ݼʦ
תۿǴǺǵ쳯ЦеҲң֪ⲻЦŸ϶΢΢ϥǣڱǴɵǰ˫ֶһ𣬵ͽݼʦ

޽֯2

һжôĳϣû뵽ҵҵʦȻǱǴɡ
Ȼˣô֮ұҪűǴɵѩ֮ȥͬһʲôҪ飬һȥ겻οѩ֮ôңԶҪǲס
ҹڵűǴΪҰһϸıӣӴұλɰСɣҵĶʦҪȥҵС
ԴƺԾôЩĲᣬĸǸߡ
̧ͷľɵɨӹǡĸĵڸĻοİοĸ󡣡ڳˣҪ뿪Ǻúõˡ˵꣬̾˿Щ롣
ȺһǣƮЩһĸоѰӶȥĨ˵ɫҲɵס

ͷίһӿЦһƽһʣްޡȻΧֵۣĴĴָһĿҡ
Сĭ֮ҪʦȥУһнʦĻΪ׼вΪúС
ǣĭһѭĻһʦİšҹ
ǴĿӣҡҡͷ̾ɡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪֻ̾ǾһҪǷѶ˼Ŷԡ
СĭˣôŸ㶣ȴ֪Ϧð˫ֲҵֱ۽ҷݺһתϲ˰ɣϦö˼
ղ֮£ҲϦЩ٣Ը˵ҵֲϦ֣˿ĸĻĸʲôҲ뿴Ƕܰɡ
ϦЩ⣬ղŻͣĸ˵һͣε˳
Ⱦæҵļ磬ЦŶϦǵСûһ˵Ҫ뿪ңھͿʼҪ޲ˡ뵱꣬ӹһ뿪ͷֵ˯ţߵʱſʼޣǵСĭ޵ˣͿʼˡȾ˵ʱʱʱЦŻܣҵĸȫľ
ȾͻȡЦǣпްСϲĸһȥôԶⱯˡĸҲҵļ簲οţСòޣĸпվȥ㣬óԵĺģ϶įġ
ŽأѾ׼һݴ񣬵Ȼصø㿴㿴һܿĵģСĭŶôءϦҲҵķ˿ȴͻȻһ㵽ȾĻϦ˫־ôڰУҲǣҲǣε˻ȥ
СĭôˣôĶƸˣ治ƽʱӴȺ˳վϦߣ˫ָֺǺǵĿЦ
ֻǲ֪ǵСĭ᲻ῪһЩءֻԱ߸һľ֪һʲôرˣȻôǵľ̾ô׾ԭҲҲԽǲԽǻ档
Сĭ쿴Ⱦҽе
ǽסĵʹɣһģʵתͷȥ
ǡҶŵһѹ٣ס˳ɫ½ϣһֱȷɵһǲΪʲô
Ҳᵯ٣ϦᡣҾǿŤͷȥȥ
㲻˵һᴵҪѧгһͿԺҺһҵǺءеǰҷ˺ô˼Ӵˮ֮صǧľƣɫһϲġ

޽֯3

ҶӦôΪʲôҪѧ٣ѵ᲻ҲֹҪһѣС˼㲻Ƕ׵
㶵ĿŹٷ˼ȴѲ֪Ʈȥˡ
СĭСĭȾңҲֻ
ôˣĲɵġȾеʵ
û£û¡һŵĵȾҶͷ֣񲻾ɨԶĴִӣӵǺƽʱûʲô𣬵վŵ˵Щ졣
ҲǣվǰӶ΢΢ЦǲЦҵ벻ļôö֮һСаȵĿҡ
æߣһ˹еĹٵǰ²סһٹԽҵɾ
ȴû뵽ôôˬĽ٣һʱûع
ٿ̫ЩСĭҪڳЩźáҵļ磬ָĴҵķ˿ů⡣
ҷŻҵͻȻҲĸϦǰ˲һĻĻ絶ʡ
ͱǸĸ飬ֻǸˡԭֵܰңʱȴֻԼһ˺úõľһǰ֮ȥǹϦӵһĻĻ
ҲҪڴ֮УҪüĿ顣
ڴ֮¥֮ϣƺ˼ɵ÷￪ķ
ԭǵ۾ʮû뵽˵еʮȻһƲ˯ˣǿЦԱ߲֪ʱ˸˳ͻȻôһŵҲһȥ
ӴͻˣС˰ɡתѾվ˫µӣһ߰ҷãһŤͷһЦšһתͷֻѾͨ죬˺ܾòЦһ
ô㣡ҽüͷղڴ֮϶û뵽Ǹҵˣһ徻һ¶û취̾˿ǣƺ
Ŷ˶Ϳʼ̾ˣô˸ǧİԼ˼˲ɣղŻ޵ĸƵġһ͵Ц
һֱվߣʱʱðĻ֪Ҹղſ޹ֻԽԽƳһۣŷֵĺܣƺûϼĳλ˵ͽ˵Ӧʱ̸ʦ߲ŶԣľôɣϾ칬ɲҰ
صʦȥɣǳʲôʦ档˫һУ˸εĵطĲɵŪͷ
ʲôûܹܵˣ˵ˣ˭涨һҪʦаҿǺܶ˶Ĵתƣôֵĳϻɵ߶߶̫ƵĻˡΣղһ̸˵أŶܵôأһؾʲôðһ˼ûС
ղ˵ʲôԸղ˵ġ
ôôԾʲôлŮǳ°Сӻ֪ˡаȵС˫еԺȥ۾ܡ
ղſʲôˣͻȻŭȵ
ЩԾôôķӦͻȻĴӵһĿңԽԽԸܵϢ¶ȡһôľ룬Īļɬһȡ֮ĳ嶯ӵģ󵹣һֻþеŵ档
ʲôЩ΢΢ĺ£Բͷ
Ҳûʲô뿴һСѾͷôôƢ˶˵۾ʮɰô߻˵Ĳ֪ǵĳѾͷʱô׵ġ

޽֯4

ȴ첻µزµģ˭칬֮Уûһ˶ҡ˵ûܹҵƢȴˡ
ӲΪκ鷢ƢңȴǰôҲͲס
˵ţʮǰɡǰңԾȥ¶һĨаЦ⡣һ䣬ŵǳŵ̫ãһ飬ֱֱȥһ󾪺ֻ˲䣬ѵҵ׼һЦЦĿң񲻾ɨҵĶǰ
ҵһӱһļ¶һΣһӱôıϢҶůĻҵͨ죬ȴӦʹİƿǡ
紫һͷȷʵܶһɻ档Ҷߵϧˣô־һ˶ôݣָϲҷһֻһ͵Ц
⻰ʲô˼
ûʲôֻ˵ֲ˼Ҳϲ㣬ϲŮˣ̺ۣȲ˵㹦ˣ˵ŮӵòôһڣﻹӲ⣬˭Ҳÿ춢һݵŮӰɣ칬ĹΡ֣üۼ͸ЩĳŪ·˵Ҳڽҵ˿ڣÿ쿴ôһ̺۵ŮӣѡϦϾһȱŮӡ
ѵ֮ĸ龹вһ̺
˵ʮҲô˸Сأʰ֮ĵģʵǺԱĻأҿ԰һѣԺұˣαҪͷܵôԶĵطȥΪ˶ܿ칬ЩǶ㵽ﲻһұ֤ңԺÿ춼ģһʲô˸Ц㣬ô˫һ̯Ǻ˽һĸָһ·
⻰ʲô˼˵Ҹĸ⽫͵ôԶĵطΪҶͷ˵İ̺ۣߣڮҸĸôֻΪҪ뿪ǱǴϹˣҪΪʦԸҼȰ£ҵĸ֡ǶʼңҲͰˣαŪЩ˵ǣԵ˲䡣ŴӵȻô˵ȴ˵Щҡѵ˵һ㣬ΪҪұܿ˲ŽҰŵѩ֮ȥ
įƹһҪһôѣô·ܳôһұͲƽġ
˵СѾͷҪȥﰡһ̧ͷ֪ʱվҵǰЦ˵㲻ҵĽ鰡ûġ
㵽׷ҪشˣҡִֻŸϿ
ȴĵĵҿ˵ͶϵĺܣҲҪϹˣ˼ҵĺ¡
ұߣȴΪ⻰ԭأƺȼĻһֱңͶôͶϣǺϲҵΪʲôĻϦôһ𣬹ôϲˣϦôԶҵİ֪Ƕôϲ
СѾͷлŮֶ֮٣˼ãҲذԱˡأıˣȻôʹ࣬ҲͰ㣬Ҳ˵ҲǸ־СˣҲԺҡ֮أԺû˸۸㣬㵹ǿԷģ˵ҵĿ֮£ˡô˵أҲǸ൱˧ˣ˵תϲءһ˵ĵͷЦתǵĽִҵļϡ
һֽ˦վһ
֪ôţֺʲô鶼Ƶġ
ɲܾĻЩףƺʼ칬С˵ôĹ˵һһۿһСûһûһͽʱôķ˲
㲻칬ˣ㵽˭ȫƺһӱ࣬俴ǰ⿡ӡ
һ˲䣬ƺܵڶɢıϢ

޽֯5

ĳƺǴɽСͷƺҸΪǵ۾ˣʵǴ󵨿ĺܣⲻ֪Ϊò񣬲칬֮ˣֻ˭
Ǻǣû뵽СҲô¡Цһ˫ɢϢ˲
㵽˭Ҳ˫ֿסİˡ
СֺαҪ㲻㣬ֺαص˵ô໰˭ʵҪǵǿѵղЩӴһҪǵȥһգСͨˣҪҸ̹֮ңҿǻӭ֮˵꣬һЦŪŷźסСҲʱ˳ֽҵķ
ʻˣ⻨Ҳܴ㡣
תʱѲӰֻ˲䣬ʧӰ٣ôҲʲôˡֻǲ֪ԺηոȺɣĶЩõɾû˲˵ĴڣδЩǡ
ʱҲˣҲûȥ¶¶Ȼʧڡ
֮иãҾĵĴӺ롣ȾҹЦŽĸִ£Сĭȥ߿ɸоЩˣ
ղˣ»Щ£ֻǶȾͷѰŹȻϦһôģԾҪ
֮Уʤûһǰҵע⡣һĨɫ
Ǹоҿڶ治ԶĸĹ΢΢һЦҾƣȴ޵ĿϦǵĴʹձֻſЩĺá
һѹٰīɫʯ֮ϣǹ͸ҵ֪˭ڷīɫʯĵѹԽĹžšԭӦúܿİɣϾǹҵΪʲôȴҲĲء
Сĭһ˴ڷƲֵġ֪ʱѾվ
ǰûŴһȥתתܵˡЩĻ
ȴǺһ֣ԵԱߣֲŪңǵСĭôģҲҪǣô㣬ô˵
һĸж㻹Ǽǹҵǲǡ
һûüԣúҪúѧǣҪ̸űǴȥôԶĵطУơҲˣúýưɡϸָһңĵ
Ҳ£˱ջ˿£ŴƺŹٵ죬ķ
СǰջήҲ񣬽ȴԽˣһƺһ㡣ĪҲΪŽî˹ǷܵõλСɵȥС
ҵ㣬Ӧ뵽СĭǡϦ·ӯϽĲɣ֪ʲôʱġ
ϦæÿϦԣҵĿʲôƫ
Ϧ΢΢һ죬ٷдɫˡ˵꣬üǳЦ
ǱһΣ˵꣬һ飬һīɫȻС
ϦһЦʸ̸·Ϭһĺ
ѡһھջ衣һôЩ̡
ǹΪҶдԭùһ辪칬ʱС޷԰εİϡһ޷˯һܵ˵Ĺ̨ɫŨŹùõ˲ԼҲúЦôĲײ࣬Һû˷֣Ȼܴˡ
˭֪ڶһ磬ﴵ֧Ѹң˵żȻһòŮ˵ʱҲɻһЦҷ֪һֱԶš
ӣȻǱһࡣ֪жô֧ӡ

Թ1

ҽеıյ޷
һˣϦӶЦ֡
ϦԽĳˡ̾ϦߺüŪҵǹĺãֻǸ߰ˡ
ٵһѺšϦֲ֣ŪȻϦʲôƵģ˵һͱŵ٣ʲôˡϦЩֵĸ˵þδռһֱûúø˵˵ĸһֱ㣬ûʲôµĻȥơ
ʱҲæûʱҲ¶˰ɡЦĲãһǣϦ֣ȴϦĳ˳üߡ
ҼװûɶŲ豭Ŵ⣬һ˷ȴ絶ʰʹ
ǴʱĿҵĴڣ˵ľĬ漴ϦȥҸСĭ˵仰һú졣
Ϧͷû˵ʲôֻǵǲĿңûٿǻŽڴ֮ҶĮɡ
ȼд̴ľ㣬߸ҹɽģ˵Ǳߵ̴ҴСͺ治ܾ£߸һ·ǣһεĸұܲܶҵԡֻǿ֮Ըٹ̣ôãһҲûı䡣
߸ֻ϶ҹɽɽС̫˧ŮеĵλʣԲûõ̴ȻһҲûСȻЩ˵Ǽٵģҹɽ̴˵ô档ҪĻһҪ˾ɽС鷳ôдԺ֪ɻˡ
ҵʱֻЦ߸̫˵ȷʵһ˫ĿʤŮ֣ΧЩݺݺԿԼ˧ߵﶼǽ㣬δЩԹʵ˵˧ҵùЩ
ŴѬлعҲһջ裬Ƶ˿ڣƺڸղźϦĺ֮С
еȴ˴⡣
СĭôˣƽʱѽҶ棬°ͣӷϣסת
᲻ܽҶͷϵ˺ۡҲĸŶͷȴҴ˿ڡ
ֻǶݵ˿ЦԭСĭΪͷϵ˺ۣŮӰû뵽Сĭô˺ۡʵһҲѿǵСĭͷǳƯֻһСС˺ۣ޴󰭣ôӰ쵽ԭòأǲǡòƽһڻ裬ȴβסį顣
ǿ˵һݣԹϲҵһ˹ȵףص춼
Ϧ̲סվҪʳŰģΪʲôߣȴ˵ء
Сĭôˣǻʲô¡
Źľģʳ˿ڣϲϦ𣿡ҹװƽĵȴĴ𰸡
ȴЩһдһʣһʱƲһιȥ
Ϧáֵҵļϣ͵ĺˣ⻰ǴĿ˵ġ
ĴָƺѾʳָѪһĵʹǵȫȴֲòǿ֧š
ΪʲôϲϦϲΪʲôҪôã㲻֪Ҷôϲ𣿡Ʋסĵʹ˺ѷεĿΪʲôΪʲô
Сĭ㻹С,Щ㻹Ժ㳤˾֪ˡ
ڲѾѾ˾ǧˣѵһûг˵ҳ˾ҪʵôԸһҲ󡣹˵⵽Ϊʲô

Թ2

촽ֹβŻСĭСҾͺ۰㣬۰Ů֮顣ϦãҲҵãϦ㣬Ҳ㣬ǽ֮顣ҰϦŮ֮㳤ˣһϲ˵ʱͻס
ҡͷŶ䣬ƭңΪʲôǰ㲻˵ϲϦ㰮ȴҪң֪ϲģ֪ģ
֪Сĭ֪ѹɤЩʣҺϦ֪
Ƕ֪ΪʲôҪôҡ˻ߣһƭĺӡͻȻûκοŵˣûκεе˶ƭңȫƭҡ
Сĭ˵㻹СֻǴСеǲа㶮𣬲ǰҺϦһֱûΪʦȥ֮󣬱ԼЩǶҵŲ㡣ֻû뵽֪ˡҲֻΪãҡҵ˫磬еĿҡ
ȴôαѾĹˣֻ̫㣬ǲϲǰ𣿡ĿŹЦ
Сĭ˫ֵɣĺΪáƵᣬһƱƮƮȥ
ߣҲҪΪǵĺģָ߰ſڣȵֱ̫۲ƵķЩʲôˣҲգͷһµĺһ㣬̾˿˳ȥ
һֱǸˡ˵һС֪ǲϲߵʱһܿģϦһʱһἵʣĺܰ㣬ΪʲôҪҡΪʲô֪¡
һȫΪҺã֪ҵҪʲô
ƭңȫƭң
ץͷ˺ѷεĶڵذϣҲ׹ĸһһ㡣¯ڵϣ̡СŻʱȴһ˻ܾ꣬ĺһ㲻סĲ
СҴûһʧأͻȻ䷢Լù¶ΧƺѾ˲òһˡЩʺ򣬹ػڿȴôα
ߣֻ𡣡ҲɵЦЦ
һ·񱼣֪Ǿ̨һұ÷ǿΪѾûʲôܴҵģҾһ·֪ƣ룬ֱҹɫѽŨҲͣ¡
ǡ
ΧİľɫѹѹһƬҾ֪Լںδʱ˸С
ľ֣͸ľ֦Կͷֵ¹⡣ͻȻ䣬һȺȸͷӹŵһ󾪻š
⵽
ǻڿľѰʱ·칬ʱֵطô֪£һĿҶѾһ㣬ȥķ·һСľͻᱻһĴɢŸʴϢ
ͻȻñһɺϮԭأǺߵëȻð亹
ڸô죬ô졣Ǹĸǻô죬Ǹָô졣Ｑȴ˿ҲҶֺ
ԣҲǻһЩķ𡣿ôһƤë׾ӷҲ𣿿ǲô죬˾ҽ˵ɡ
һת۾ʹſŵ档һԵôҲܲԵĺá
¶ϣ̧˫
һ˫Ĳһ˿¶ȵ۾ĺڵһס粻ɨǰĳһ¹˲ͱɵӰ٣˵ƱƵ˲

Թ3

ʲôˣҾòɵú˼
ޱ飬ֻ۾Ķңһ˿ϲŭ֡ɢĺҽסʹ˸
Ȼһ⣬ֻ۾ĶҵĶͷһֱɫ
߿Ҵţ˫ۣһһϽԱָһƽ⡣
ʱҲſʼڣΪʲôҪҷʱҲúѧѧЩϷŪ˵СҪԱôѡЩҲ˵Ǳ
ҽ˫ۣѼ־ȴû뵽ָҶǰһ˲䣬˾˻ȥ
С۾ָֽ߬ȭͷһѪҺָվҵĲԶ˫üıңвʡ
Ҳ֪ΪλֻͷĻȼյĸӵʢƵʹġ
񷣬һûôļļԲȶ⻰׵ġ˱ĺڰ֮У߳һէһЩ죬ȴǲᵽȴҲɵһ
񷣡ѵǴ˵бǴصǸͽ
ϸǰˣһ򵥵ĺºΧϢƺѾǡôΪһ塣ͷҵɢڼͷ˳һ˫۾ǱȸռʱԾź⣬΢䡣ǺúϴһҲǸɡ
Сôᵽ˵оЩмȴֱֱĶңһҲи
Ľ磬ȻҪ㲻ǡģôȤ칬⣬ʲô°ɡմ֣Ҳ̫˵ȥ˰ɡվڿľ֮£һ֦ǡԵøĴ̶
õôˡ칬֮еĻݲҲȡܱ֮ĥˣ⼸ǧ㷨ֳٰЦ߳ƬӰһ¹ⲻƫеϣһš
㣡Ҿ˲
ңּˡôͨҵǲǰ˵˵ҲôԵҰһкηԹ˵ţȫȻҵǰĴǰ񷻹ĶңƵ޷Ϣ
ڵĴݲϻƹߣǺ˵Ǵ˵е񷣿
һ仰Ҳû˵ǺҹеĶһĿתֻʮȤζ
ĬԱߵȴЦ񷣬˼㻰أĶ֪شҲ̫˸档תЦĶҵƢǸĲġ
Ҳ֪ǸЦ̫ңûĻ׾ûзִʱһĹȻЦôˬʣཻѽżѾԻһ㡣ɴʱ˾ȴҲɵô˸ڣҲ޷ڵĴ
ǣҵ֣˴΢¹ĵطϯضû뵽ĽҲܿĵôõ¹⡣
ǽĵɨ񷣬ֻü΢΢һֻصղŵĮ׺֮С
˵˵Ҫô㣬Ǵһ뿪ĵأȥҲٷ֮ˣվСǰ涨Ǹ㳤ӣڲĪߣɴˣһֱȽϺأЦ绨ɢ
㡭ҡһʱʲôʱȻ
Ҳģֻ·ˣ봳ľˡһĻͷԾɶҵһһû˿ɵļ
˼ҪҴˣͷǣҵ֣ĦұأκͻȻյúܽ˳ָ⴫˿˿ů⡣ľҹЩҪ

Թ4

Ȼ칬ܳҲԸصĵأҲǺܲ뷨ҾͳȫˡǾˮĶһ˽˽ۣ漴ϵĿҶȷʵôɷ羰ҲˣʹҵС˻ȥˡ
˵ֽ꣬ǿߣԼԼˣҿɲҵС˶Ѭˡ
Ҳߡǰȴԭء
㲻һͬһȺðɣϲֿɲʲô£ΪӲҪߡֱֱĵм䣬Ѫѿʼܶһɢŵĺ⡣
ҲҪߣ˭˵Ҫһˣ˦֣æ˼ײһÿϣľݵ̫þǽҵһײֻꡱһ˿һʱû׼Ҳŵȥ
ֻоһ˫ֽһľ˰Ρ
һعֻЦӯӯѲҪ㣬Ҵȥúõһ˼Ƭֵ̣Ҳ޲ɣϾ檱ͺһҲ޷Ҿίһºˣһλ˻һ˶Ҳ㡣
ֱۣϵ·ЦĿʲôʱ˵Ҫ㣬ֻйһݲˡ
Ц˲úİЩ飬촽˲վû˵
ĿңҲվһҶߵ㲻ԸߣҲԸȥѲҪȥɢ䣬ЩԹޣĵҹĹȡ
ҡʲôʱҪȥɢŭȵɵȴʮֵ㡣·Ǳ˵һ㣬Щȥϡûô롣΢Լ̫ĵ
˵ˡҵһ˫ֱҵϣľø
ûСҾţͭǽһļӲ޷ѡ
ϲǲǡ㿴һԹǲǣʹǲǣһ·ɢ޾ı䣬·Ҫɡ
ϲһһᣬһʹûҪʲô׽ˣ׽ˡ⡣
ȴ㡣ǵ׽ˣȴ˵ԣǣǳǡ
ңǰҵɵһŪҺǣǺǡԭ˽ҵ˲ЩΪ׽ˣƽӣ֪ҵģõҵС
ǣҺǣҷǳúǡ
ҪǣҪɢǣҪమݺݵĵ
ǣҪɢǣΪǵıӦҪమ۾ƺǵõĹԶҲ޷మʵҪɢǣɢǡ
칬ĹϦеҶУΪʲôȴѡΪʲôվߵ˲ң
񷣬֪ôˡͻȻջȥŻһߵ񷡣ҼѾȴԼڿľ֣񷻹Ķҡ
СҪô֪㸸ҪҲҪЩ۵ġܶĻ棬ζһĿҡ
˵˫ָԵøĸɾ
ҪòζͻȻһŵҽ߬ȭͷǰ
ҪͷŻ棡
˵ʲô

Թ5

Ҳ֪ͷǿ˺۾ҲֵСˡԺлᣬҪȥ̨һգôһŵĻ棬ͿԸ񷻻һԸҲֵúܡȻ̺ôЩѿɼѾݣϼεҲνˡ
Ҹ㣬ֻҪ˵ҼᶨޱȣʱʲôȵʹĸءǼȻҵĸôãҼ緢֣֪ҪҵʲôʱĿ飬ôҲҪǳµһ˵ζ
СȻҲľʹӦˣѵͲº𣿡Ц
˺ãҪǾ͸ˣֻòõ߾Ҫıˡղ˵һֻϵѪĴѪȵζȴ֪һ㡣
м»Ҫ㣬ɸѺŻΪһ塣ҪǿǻôСҲʧȥɸӴ˱㲻칬ĹֻǵϵķˡǲǻҪú˼һǡ˵˼ϵĻȴȼʢյߵɭֲ
ʧȥɸǾʧȥˡڵ¿աͷѾһ¹ˣ˻᲻ϲ¹ΪʲôһҪܵסŻᰲء
ҵͷ¶һ˿Цݣȥɣ˸ҵĳŵ
¶ԶţҲ»԰һæ֪С뷲δȥءܸһլһʳҲڰϢѾߡ
Ϊˣȥٻطʣ˵ǲǰСһԾδ˵ҧݺݵĵ
Ҳ֪ôͻȻˣĿΣһδҼɸԸȥʲô᲻ȥû˹һжôҪﲻҲһ
Ȼҵ鷽ҲУСҲǲЩͰ˵İ졣һסҵ°ֻͣ۾ŭ
ղǸЦ绨ҴȤȥˣֻһ˲Ĺͱ׺ݡ
ȻСûʲôҾͰСӵĻˡ
⻰߷ߵĶվһߣֻ±ĺ󱳣¼ŵ˲ЩЩۡ
СǾ͵ˡ


ڶ 뷲

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ҲǵȥԺֻϡǵҪұ۾ҪκεķͿҵԸֻĻűû֪
ǱһˮѣʱֻȫˮһεδĲͣˮ۾ģģܿˣվмһ޺ɫۡ
ĨǰɵˮգһĵʹӶͷ߲Ĵ˹ҲɵһٿʱѾѪۡ
ĸ㿴Ǻãһ͵ĸ˶ߣһֻǿнҵ°̧޺ɫ׺ݵеĵ˿ɶˣ͵ȥˡ
޺ɫĸ˼絽ǰ־һƣһʹһûŪʲô״ѾİôһƣоʲôĴȵġ
Ѿͷòװİװ۵ģһüǮ㵹ãڹ۶ˣѰٻģݸ˭ҲʱǿӣҪҺ㣬ܻ죿ôã¥Ĺ᲻ҸóԺúȣĩ˶㱨ʱˣ㵹ѧѰ˰˵ôãƫƫȥײúһôˡ㻹ΪҾû취,Ҹ˵˿ɶأ˵ʲôҲóȥ޺츾˫ߴ˵һѻ
ֻ۾ָֻҵǰȥʴƨһһʵģǺЦ˵˼ѾǺܴһָԱߵŮͲȵĿ㣬Ҳ췴ǲǰ
ôһ֪ԼѾ뷲¥Ҳǽһ̸ݵ˵İѡ
һܣЦ水С˵ġĵطûģеֻǷ곡ϷϷӰˡ
û飬Ͳˡ
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žеԼһ㣬ΨвģǶͷϵ˺ۡ
ȻǸˡԱߵɶͷѪ˿˿ʹһһ˺ۺֳҶžЦ̾˿񷣬Ҳٺһ㣬ǻߵʱ˳ҲҲѰ̺۴߰
ߵһ˲ĹüİĮȻĻعͷǸЩȵ޺츾˵ĸģҲɵˡЦĿɬֻҪسŵôЩֵõġ
޺츾ȻЩԾϾҲǼʶˣ㶾ͺܿعæԱߵ˵»ױǶͷöסЩ˿ʲôȻΨʡ˵꣬ҴҳȥһȺΪһᷢ
㣬ûǰĿѾʼˡＱææܽæµĸӦæѡһ˿ĽҶͷİ̺𣬲һС㣬ˡ
Ҵʱ۾еҺױعһϮصĴ쳤ȹ
Сʺɫ㿴ĵСļԲ黬ģĸү᲻ϲؽСһøòͷպٻ֮ߵĸ̵ģ۰Ͱ͵Ŀҡ
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һͷžеԼһϲ죬ĲϲǣһֱҪȵ޵һʽĴϡŴϲȹǣŹ֣һֻۣǸǶôҸ顣
һѾˣҵģôȹΪ˭ʲôһء
ҿЦţȹڸճţͿһŮ⣬ӦǸղҵǸɡ
ôڣվӲģȻ֪һӲͲҪװߣǷȥܿվԼֻǿЦϰˡŮһмĴŤӼȵľͷȥ
ȵһһŵķ䣬ſڶŴ컨ŶǽرšһôĲڣûȥҾѾ泳µЩŮݺݺЦ
˵谡˶ôûȵżҪǵãҿѹ⣬ȻһҪҰͷﰡٺٺ١壬ζʮ㣬Ҿ뷸ġ
ÿǽǵĲᣣ쳯ȥ¥´Ѿģв˼ںţﶫվһͷӵұǰͣЦӦǸղ˵˰ɣŽ˶ģӸ˿˾¡
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Ѿͷҹ޺վ¥ݿڳҴµ
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֪һ͵ĸôôֻɼһҲǰ׳Եġ
ʱôЩѣ֮ǰײǵԵʰɣôһײ۾ֻεģǰðŽǡ
Сͺ֪ʹʲôоһֱʲô޹˼ɡʹʱ̨һɳǻһ̨һʹʧûûҸһ£ֻԼѣκʹͻȻĺ븸ĸ
֪Ϊʲôôţ˵Խ͵ĵط͵ˣ͵ôһϣһײǵĻ湻侮ʯȻôţôӦΪӦҲѾ˰ɡ
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ƺһ״޶黳мϲŴֺһİ֮˲кԱιʳ
ʱ̨µ˽۷Ź⣬
ʱѳ죬վ̨չҲˣҲ˼룬Ͳ֪˭˹ˡ˵գ͵Цǹɵ֮ɫԱ
Ҳ˵ˣٳϸղѹһһǧҪչҹǷͷ֮˺˱Ա߹͵ߵƣе
һ仰µĴ̾˺һǧǮү治Ǯүһ۾ô߰
ǰͷ̵ӵұǱģɫе촽ҡθһķ
Ǽҹӳһǧչһҹǰһӵұ֮СҡԱߵӽе
ۣէȥƺﻹùȥˣɵһ˫ϸۣŵ뷨ɢ˵ļթƻҲǱ˹Ķʵࡣ
ҳһǧ߰ҲŵĹӸ磬ӵܣӵұԼļҲƣӻˡ
ǧ΢Ⱥ
ǰǮүû뵽ǰŵЩ֮⣬Ȼб˸ۣ߷ߵתͷȥҲ˭мָۣźͽеǧ˭ҸӽУ̵ģֻһƨϣ̫֨ѽ졣
ǧˣǮүǧˣȺߴߴֿʼڿ
ǧδǮүȺо˽˼ۡ
ˢˢĳ濴ȥΪǮôߣΪô˸Ǯүа壬˭˲֪Ǯүʲôˡ˭ëôȥĶ֪
ֻм۵Ӳֱͦ廤ǰҽԶּ֮ô˵ţҸСģһ£ͶˮڣԵЩ롣
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ЩëͷСҲҸүϾǲǲˣǮү޿̣ͻȻӣŭĵһ֮ŭܣһƬѻȸ
û뵽ôҪˣΪʲôʿɿһҵļֵ
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Ѿͷվ̨ҧгݵĵ׺ݵĿң˫ƵѪһ㡣
ǰⲻҪĴĬȻѾ¥Ůˣôһ죬ʲôء
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ƵĽ˳۾һգգĿҡҡͷԳЦôֲôǹء
ƺûҸղŽֻһﵲǮүǰĵûλſ𣡡
Ǯүһһߣһֻֽҵֱץ۵ģһֻͼƿǰӵҲֵõܣǮүҳ߰ͷŮ˽ϾӵģӰôô
ɲǮүôѾͨ죬Ҳ޷ƿǰǸ
Ǯү⾺ۻûľ˵ͷءһĵĴȺз˶ˢˢȥֻղһֱǮү۵ǸԼϵĲɵǡ
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Ǯүһء
ʲô˰ôô󷽡
˸ҺǮүǮǣǲҪˡ
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ã֣Ҿͳ򣡡Ǯүһһţôȥˡ
̨µ˶ͳһе
򣡡СƲŲæ
̵ģҳ򣡡ǮүһͻȻһҵֱۡžһͺǱͻȻ۶һ㣬ʹѡ
ҽüͷǿĵʹǰѾɵһƬˣ룬ⶼʲô°Ǿۣ˭Ӯ˭ҺˣҪ⿴ǳۻҪ۰ֱ֪ǲǻǺúõģǧҪһؾͱзϰҲ޹ϦҸ㣬ȻҲܺ޺ֻܺСӣ
ˣˣеϲӣƱ׼ˡ
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۾ֻˣ쵽ôˡ
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มû뵽ǮүȻôı£ֲöҽ١˰ϵСƱ˵
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Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵ξ͵ȫϵݣֺã˵滹в͸˹鱦Ҫǽ˿ɾͷˡ

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ûУǮүĺƸղǰʮ㡣
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޺ۣ˳е
ҺĻֻѾǮү̨ϲ֪ʲôʱôΧһȦʲôʱ򿪴ģô֪
㶵վ̨ӵһǣ۾ǰһС˵ֻۣһֻīɫȻҲˡ
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ҪɱǮүĴŴǰһصˣϰϵĲʹţǰǱĻż˵ġ
ӲңһûУֻǸ̹ȻǸǰһв
ʱģô˵ҲǸԹߣ޶˵ľ֮ڻʣ˵ҲΪҵİȫǿǲǣĿô޶ءӣ͹ڿһҲ񣬺ֹǲ۾ıӣ촽һеһʮ֮һٷ֮һ硣
޺ۣȻе

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ҲӦֻǻĻعͷȥĿźӡӣʲôҲû˵
ڴʱǮүһԾһ˴ߣǾ׸ɣԼһ˷׷ԽΨҳ˻ӿûôĵĹסңֻ񿴺ϷһվԭأĿұˤ߻صġ
֪ôˣһؾһˡʹֱҲֻŵ
˹ǣԼ˸£ԼԼơ
ۣ۰
Ǯүأô죬ǵľûûҵأҿôȥӺ޹վм䣬ԾɶűСơϸһڣžһƱӦ䣬һء߹صˮϣⲻǵڸ𣬿»ϻҵأô찡
۾ɨ˹ſڼһŵĸ̹ǣһʿɫһӷڴм䣬ϵʿ򽣰šӺܳص̾˿ббĿαϣգָͣɨü䡣
СԸǧáȺһΨΨŵŵӹڵϲͣĿͷϽסĴŲ
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һǸղǰ۵ӣҴӣû뵽ӾȻ˼ҵļҵ׶ˣԤıˣҾ͵ſϷˡ
ҿȳʮɣҴ׵ɴãɣ̽ڵϵҴʵ
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ǣ࣬ࡣһѳǹҴӵ򦣬û飬Ŀڳǡ
ȻҴӶǮӦ֪ô˰ɡӿαϣһ
֪֪˶
ǾͺáԶڰЩүǮչþͷǻȥҪúõչ˺ˣһ˵۸ϰգǣɾͲˣҪѽ˵ĺǿţ˷׷׵Ҳҡ
ⲻǰ˾۸ϰ۸Ҳ۸˺ò˼˵ʲôҲʵǰԵЩһŤͷȥԴⲻȥǳϸһһֱۡ
Щ˱ϾЩСµˣ߸ߣǱ߾Ͳǲūӷ׷׻ؼûľһ˼Ʊ˳Ǿ󿴵ۻˣһƱŷֽһһıԶӵľ
ŶĹǮͶˡȻǮֲſھҪʮأٶҪÿʮҲõó֡
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ԶǰŸ̤ţŴը˹
˵үȶ䣬һ˶ȥһֶηͬһ㡣
˵γүӧǺʹϿС

ԭǺӾǸүû뵽Цһһߵͷ˿ڣ˲ԼԼɲŰԼ
Ѿͷ첽ߵԱһҶ䣬ݺݵӵ
˵ʲôҾе
Ѿͷʲôүܿ컯ָŽָұӾǿʲôʰʰ͵үȥ
ģȻҪ͸ǹүɾȻղŲ뾺֪ۡɵ𱱿˭óǹү޷ҪŭǮүοʼǹүûһۣ治֪ҵǰҪδá

ү2

δ׼˾ѾվС
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ЦߵүǰĵǽĻչүͷūΪүүˡ
ͷү˼ǵǮү߰ҹ͵ûôǮʱҲֻôһ˵档
ūҪүǮأ͵ТүТүġæĹ죬Իں޸ղ˵˻
軹Ǵ󷽣ʮһҹŮТ֮ɣʮۺϳã֪Ρүüëһ뿪Ц˵
թǼթʲô˶ܱôһáҵͷ͵͵𱣬ʱŸЦ͵ɷʴףүôһ˵ﻹҲӡֻ亹̣ϣĵܡıӰҲԾЦĸ䡣
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Ŀԣôһ˳ȥظδĵˣˡ
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ңΪʲôҪ׷һƨԲǰԼ˸۵Ĳ豭һ裬ţζ治ʲô衣
ǰվ°ʹҵļϣȻ㲻ȥҲáûʲôζ԰ɡ˵ֻ־˳ҵļһֱ¡
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ܿڿʰˮаȵĽڿռһУʱѾС
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ſҡһζӣͼ
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𶯡ֻͳһ̵ĲǻȻѧܹ˰촽ɫĵȻҾ˳⣬Ͼͺú档
˵꣬͵һͷͣ˱ҵ˫Ӷռҵ졣ԵأһһϷŹһֻѾӺ˳ż绬£ͣǰѵķӯϡֻһҵ̽Ӳ
ҪҪҽ۾ĬţȴǸ£촽ѿһ΢Цһֻ־Ѿסͣ󣬻Ȧﲻֻһȣǰǵõ¶һͦ
Ҳɵ߳ĵԼһ
ǵõĹһֳǰɴǷӯǵõһͻȻԾнĳ١
үͻȻſ˽е

ү3

ͻȻĶ˶٣΢֮ɫԱ
׷ˣһֻԾҵǰָ࣬ĻƬϸ۵ļҲסĲղڣȻûһĸˡȻǱſڣԾɾԼǱѹ˰ǰһûϡ
׷ˣүϣǳŶȥ
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ȻҹӪС
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Ҵ󾽣æҵץ·ǰ˳ּ罫˹˺һֱ˺ֱվ޺ߣҲŴҡֱۣҪȥߣҲҪ⡣
޺ĵͷң֣İҵ˦һߡתͷȥүĵ޺Ȼȥˡ˵꣬Ƭ̵ͣתߡ
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뿪ķ˹ҲѡϦԺֻϦЦҵԶֻǱӰ
¹⣬䣬һҵһ㡣
ôˣ˲ʧˣүԭбαϣӹӹƺӼʱ
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ϲˣƾôò绨Ҳῴ㣬οҲϾ׵ҸǰһֻڶߵĽЦ
ŷֶͷ˶һҶͷϵĽ̺ۣªİ̺ۡ
ҡȥκӦѸ٣Ƶһ˳ŷ˴ǰϡ°ͣƵĿҡ
ָһ飬һȴûһӦضЦĸӵĿɶ
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㡭ҽüͷһʱᣬȻһʧȥɸķˣһ׾ӵķҲʹˣֻ㳰Ц
Ҫȥ·Ҵǵ뿪š
ղŸᣬߣûôˡһ絽ǰҵ°ͣңҲҿԷȥղ޺һҾˡЦĹ죬Ǻҹŵõ塣
㣬ܣ°ͱۡӺܸߣұȵҪżúöӡ紩ķ˿ɨҵϣϸɧҵСҹкںڵֻһߺ⡣òȴ͸˵ϳɣ·˲ɣ
֪ļҲò˵ȷʵ̵ĲҾͳȫ㣬Ҳ˼˵꣬ҽźͻȻУȥδҺ͵ֽҽסһұ𣬾ֱĽ˷ӵһŴϡ
ĩ΢ϻδ̸̫ǣžһˤȥ˵ֱȴײ˴⡣Ҳɵֱۣ˻˻ʹͷסð亹
װΪҾͲ𣬱ˣԼҪġѸٵ£˳ҵҲһȥ
һѾǿѹȵ壬ĳԭʼҵÿһ缡
ÿҵĴҵڴζһģҧסࡣ޷һͷݺݵҵĴ߻ҧһڡ
У˵Ѫȡ
ǹҵĶߣ۾գ촽ӣǣҵǰһֻƬӯһȴѾ˱ҵ

ү4

Ǻܸ࣬оҪ˶еľշת࣬ȴְԵ޶ȣһռеһӶᡣ
ſңͽӡҴŴŭ
ҲֻǸ¥Ůӡһ·ǵҴߣЦ
¥ŮӣǣҾȻһʱԼڵݣҲ칬˳谮ĵۼĭֻǵһƽƽ¥ŮӺա
ңҲһȥһǰһֻȴȻĻҵ֮䡣
Ҽн˫ȣһֱ֧˽֮ȴʣһߵɴֱͷڸǶãȴԽԽ޼ɵ
һǣ˺ҧʹÿһӡ
ԽԽȣƺѾоı仯һļͦҺʹ
ſңſҡָĴϸ۵˽ܣǷһĨЦ
ԭҲҪأαװôҵģ
ָԽԽҵԾĸ϶һֲʹҡšҲԼĵĽгĽڴҡڡ
ҧ촽
¥Ůӣɧĺš˵꣬˫ҵ˫ȣѹҵϷľǼ֮ͦһһֵ˽ܴ̽Ѱ
ſңſңſңſҡҴʱžôңҲҪҲҪֻҪ뿪ҲҪ¡ſңҾС
ˣҵĶаȵһЦͺһ
˲䣬ʹϯȫ
һ۽ǻ䡣
һҹ޶ȣȴѱʹû
УֵһԹĵշת͵ľѣΪΣһ˵Ϥ컹δҵȴһ㣬ɵįˡϸϸ̽Ѱŷ֣ǴӲԶвС
ƫȥүȻ˯ȴԾɹŹȲЦ¡ϵɴ֪ʲôʱ⿪ģϸ󴦣ȴҲճһ춺ۡ
һʹ˲䴫Ҳ뾪ֻýҧ´ɢڴϵ·ĵĴϿ
ôҪһֻŻδȴѱѹ¡ֻԴЦ⣬һ˫ǺϤһߣ֮ʹȴ˵á
㣬ôţҾȵĽͰղ˯ŵ
˶飬ôܹⴺһ̡˵꣬ұĽģͷҵľѣǣ˱ſҰϢۡ
Ҫȥʱɱ˵ġ
ҺһȴЦ
ǸҵʱīɫˣǸ޺ۿǸˡ
ΪʲôᴵôԹǰĺҹУǷݰˡһôļȣֵʲôĵĹ
˿˿ʹҲɵþг˫ְҵǿӡ
ңҪһֱңҵģҲֻңûСȣԵ׺ݣɱһַйһֱ
ʱѲ֪ʲôʱˣֻһˣү֪ʲôʱ뿪ãȻ֪Ӧԡ
ǳҹ
İˡ
ǲԸȴĴ˷Ӧ£һĨϼգںɬ
ҵͷӣȫļ飬ƺһֺǿռģҪֻӡǡһɺ۶ĿӴˣұ㲻ǵĭֻǺգ¥Ļա

֮1

ҼɢһһĹϣһʱһ㡣
ҹҲδļԼĴţѾҹɫ͵ʱŷ֣ԭɴȻ˵͸ε촽罫ԼáȻҹɰȴǿͣӳҲ͸ۡ
ҸҪţȴһСѾͷ֮ǰѾŽڣҲ档
Ҫ𣿡СѾͷţһˮëݵϣ˳¡
ţǸûȥˡҵͷˮúõϴҹƣϴ
ﲻױҲǹɫ㡣СѾͷӹëŵһߣת·׵ɴȹɫ֮ǰϲĶ
ǡ
үԸ׼ġСѾͷ·վǰ־⿪ҵ硣
ʲôæˡ
ﻻ·СѾͷҵķӦܺЦƵģǰ·ֲүҪﻻ·أ·ôĳȥء
ɫҲҪɫ
СѾͷϵĶ˶٣Ҳû̧ͷңת·ʹϣү˵ˣﴩɫÿǰ׵
׵ĺÿ૵ĵ
ǰүȻ˵ɫʺϹһȥ׼ˣū澶죬ﻹǹԹԵĴźãǰ׵ĻǺģү˵ʺϾʺϡСѾͷױ̨£һ䣬үմ͸սүҲ˵Ʋֻս»үŰġҲϾ»ʱ޷룬Щү˵ʺϴɫؽ·ҲΪ˼ﻹ˳ү˼ү̹Щĺá
˵꣬СѾͷҲѾױã嵭ˮһ㡣ҲòѾͷ˵ûһΨΨŵŵϳɵĺܣү£Ҳܸɵ˰ɡ
ֱۿɸоЩˡСѾͷ˵ֱۣ䣬֬Աߴ򿪸ӣЩĶͣİҰѹࡣ
ȻʹˡҲ˼ĿСѾͷǺ棬ôһŪֻĺܣûôʹˡ
лл㡣
үΪӹǵģүԸһҪҩȻǺòˣǷϺõĽҩܸĸ֡
ǡ
СѾͷҴ꣬Ҳˣ֪¥˻᲻ң߻Լȥ֮ҪүǣȻôĲ
С㣬ҪȥġҸճžͱ£ȣͥԺɢɢվ˲ٵĸλʱûôڡ
үͻȥˣ֪үǲпա
үڼ˺ˣСܻҪһܼүˡ
ҿ΢ȵүˣлл硣
СǾ÷ƣԵˮرֱһָҲŷֲԶĵطƬ徻ĳط󣬵µĺܡ
һˮߣˮӳԼԾǸɾİ£ôһŸɾȴİǷŲЦԼΪʲôǶСĭڿʼһȫµСĭ
ҸԼ۾ȴʱ˵ĳһˡ޺ۡ
һ£֣һźޱĿбӣ߹
޺ۡҾǲԾĽг
Ļعͷңֻתȥߡ
ҴĿıӰڸղŽ񣬾ȻһӰӣĮš
˶Զˣ㻹վⷢʲô
Ҿתȥүջһϵ廨׳˼īɫɴͷɫ飬ƴһţûùҵǿôȴҲǼƷеļƷһ͸Ļ壬ȫɫΪͻ
ôû̹𡣡
æү
˵ҡ
ǣūҪ¥ˣү𣬻ҪллүΪūҽӹ֮¡ҲŲæңǿѹĵıһһ˵
ҪȥԸ¥ҲҪ𡣡

֮2

ҺһЩ룬ү̧ūˣūҼ¥ŮӣȻҪ¥ȥģҸү
ã¥Ůӣ·㲻ߣƫҪ¥ȻҪȥ⡣ֻǲǻݵ㣬Ҫ컯ˡ絽ǰȻû̧ͷɢɱȴ˲ɵþš
ү˺˻Ҫүҳһʱ򣬲Ȼ浣ԼǲǻܳȥʵǺǿ
ôԸǶǱˣ֪ʲôҪңʲôʱ򡣡
үǴҹϵѾ˺üʱˣˮδǲǡ޲ĵĵ
ҲûǹţԼҪԸҲȥ£ѵǲ֪Ҫʲô𡣡ү
֪ǣүүүûô뿪ҿүȥȽϺãôϳ;ôϳ͡ôЩʱˣǵҲǸõͷˡԶƹүļ磬ӡԶЦүȴһòƸղŵû
Ҳգôͷǡ˵꣬ү˧˧䣬һ뿪ˡ
˿Ա߻վŰԶʵ֪ɷô¥ȥʱ̫ڣû·ڲ֪ôȥ
ҪˣԶȫɢźϢ죬Ȼ
ɣҲûʲô£ȥˡ˵ţǰ·֮׷׳ơ
ԭǸȴûһ㽫ļơббĵɫϣƬƬůһһȻһҲ벻һܹɱеĽ
չˡ˽ΣԼӸͷվڽαϡ
ҸճξΧ˵ֲۣóǰԶһҪӲСҪлļֵϽǰԶ˵һ仰
Ӵǽˣ롣϶ЦһУǣˣźšһȺݺݺľΧ˳
ڹ֣ҷү֮ͺչ˼͵л£ȸˡ
һҪߣæлūһ
Ҳ΢΢һЦ뿪
ȺүȻͬչЪһ
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οѺԱˣе׬ˡ
߲֪ʲôʱѾΧ˹صϲˣ棬ʱڿЦϲԽ
ƹ裬ֱĽ¥
С㣬һȥиɫȹСѾͷ˹ӲߣԲԲģһ˫۾۵ĺܡ
šֻͷ¥ǷȥȴСѾͷ·ס
С㣬ҪȥİСѾͷʡ
ط䰡
ķǱߣһ䣬ɲٻǰķסˡСѾͷĵ
ŶתվԭСѾͷ˸߲ҵƿ¥ݱߵһµķ䡣λѡĿǺã¥ŵľ䷿඼ֱͨ¥¥µ¥ݣôﾭҲԵø徻
˯ĺ٣ڻû˷Ҿ͵ڴϣ˱ͷ˯
С㣬˵΢ϢһҪѣڳƹǰѵһˣҪԣþ̸ģϻҪء
С㣬˵үǹͣүҪĻĺúźţκʧ
С㣬˵Ѿ¥ĻͲҪĻֻǼˡ
С㡭
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豭һأСѾͷæڵأС㣬֪ˣ֪ˡ
ԭСѾͷ
ȥɣһ˴һ˯ڴϣñӰԼʵʵģ۾Ҳ˵ֻǼϵƬ֨ѽĹȥ

֮3

֮ǰʱ̫׵ԵʣʱôУࡣСΪ£һҵǸ
С㣬Ūˣüͷһ壬£ͷɪɪ
û£ɡ̾˿СѾͷôţ˵ͱģˣۡ
ǣС㡣Ծɵͷְҽ⿪ȥһ׺ɫȹȻЩ˵棬ղΪҸµʦһ˵ſڡ
ҽסŵת߳
ֻɪӿſڣСʲôԸ
С羪֮񣬲ֱҵ۾һʱЩ̣ҵʲôȻųӡ
Ҳԣó㷢ôҹȥС֣ŵس˳飬һ˵ȻŲ
С㡣Ԥһҵ޵úġС鲻֪С㣬С㡣
ҸͷȻЦˣСѾͷȻǻ鲻ã˵ġԡ
С㲻𣿡Сֻ۾ﻹű飬ۡ
ҲϵۣҲãó㷢Ƣġ
֪СͷϲŻСǲƢģС㲻ĵġ˵ţԼվãĨϵۣΪЦ
ôȷҲҪ㣿ױ̨ǰӽɢͷ
ùӰ߶ţСƽʱôã˶һ㲻ãС㶼ɫСǻģ֪С㶨ʲôίȻġ
СѾͷǺƽ⣬Ǻ֮ǰ˺׺ѵãĵطЩڡ
߶ˡҶžĿ˶΢Цʵ
žһӵ˵ϣæߣСǲҪɵˣС㣬ԴϰⱲӾ͸СˣС㲻Ҫ֤߰ԺԲС㣬СΪһί
СС˶˿̿޵滨꣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôáһ仰ⷬ˵ǣǡҡ¹ԭ
˵ʲô۲۵ģҸúúչǣôСΪˡҰ޵ĶļЩ̡
С㣬ΪСôӦ⻨ȻСϲ˵֪СΪ롣
һ㶣ԭлЩԵɣҲ˵Ǽ٣֮ĹҲǺ¡
һСѾͷĻ֪ձкգ֮ǰʲôûֻ֪֪ڰʱ͵ģǱ˰ɡ֮ΪͻСǲղֳʮֵı־ʹС̣ų֮¥ĺƣһֱԴöȵĺչˣƽʱֻ٣͡
ҲǴСܾĥÿ챻Ĺһϴõ·Сһλ͹͸һ壬ջ𣬵ҪǡҡҪźҪͷƣȻҲһЩҲʹӦˡ
Ϊ顰ҡӣһɽݲöͷƹɾΪҪѡҡǲʣĺЩͻԿʼͽҡĸ߰Щұ¥ʲôͷƣԴӲƽЩʲôҼҪӳκÿζץ˻
ۿŻӽˣЩʲô¶ŷҪˡҡӵͷ֪꽻ǳҴ˻ףܰĿͷԲųôһƣȥţӣôûֻҪҺúõĹԹԵĻҲͻúõĻźҡ
ֲСѾͷ˵ңԭҡײˣ⺢ҲͲˡ
ͷ̾һû뵽һܾһ

֮4

ޣûɵ£ҲûߣҪˡǰС˶οš
С˵ġ
ѵһƭ㲻ɣŽ§ң˿㿴۾޵ĺˣѿˡץС֣ǰġ
ҾԼǰϲĸʲô飬ֻҪĸڣûн˵ġˣʹӸѰӣӲ֪ʲôࡣ񿴵Ҳ֪ԭôҸ
С㣬ôˣ鲻ãǲү޲ǵĿңС㡣ͷ
û£үҺܺãĺܺáҾȻԼʼԲԣΪ˲һЦʹ˻Ρ
ģ
ҵͷ
С㿴ģѵ£С㡭
ûʲô£ˣ˯һҴĻʲôҲ˵һֱ˯òãʱҲֻСһûô˯ͱ·һԾôãۿѾʱ˰ʱ¥ſʼ֣úϢǵûôྫӦ˰ɡ
ǰȥʵС㲻Ե㶫˯󻹵ˮδأӳŲסɡ
ôһ˵ҲȷʵǵˮδǶ̫ãҲû˼ʳ漴ڰֵ뿪ݵʱЩ˵꣬ȥЪţԼɴͷ˯
˵˯ʵһ˴Ҳû⣬ԴһֱͣǰĻ档Ϧ޺ۣүһŵһ仰ÿһ޲ҵģ˵ĺۺۡ
С㣬С㡭Ļζҵӣϲ
Сˡؿڳ˿
ôˣ˻ţҲʵʲôˣ
Сոˣһֱüͷȭͷþ㶼ûӦҶͷ亹
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ôҪ˰վڴߣϦѪ欻ӳ˰ʡϦ޺ãֻϧ֮Ŀʼ
ҴãǻƳʱҴ򿪴ӣӣǷ׷ҹе̯¥ر𾢣¥ĹڴϻŲˡһȺȺɫģ˽¥شַǷˡ
գաеʮֻģʲôǮҪĿڴˡ
ĸңڴǰʵ
ҵ֣Լ׹ŮһĹУȴʮֵķͻı仯ΪǮôʵʵǶġ
æ֣ʵĸʲôôˣѵͺйأŽɨɨϵ³˳ղһһĲɾȿӱ߻֮ȥǸŨص֬ζ
֪үû˵Ҫ𱿴ҵľٶ͵س鴤һ£漴ظղŵĺɫʵ
ԭΪģѵľôүĸ֦Ҳ̫Щɤӣүû˵᲻ֻýһŰԶĻŸ˵
үû˵ǡŲӣ˼ţ˺ڻүүҲûģҲáһӽָҪ㣬ʰ¸Ͽȥһ᷿Լȥء
ԭˣү첻ҽӱĿˣ׬ЩͷүʲôŪʮϵҲúɣֲԴһҲûκ£ʱҲֻΪܰĶѡ
Ǹʲô׼ٳǰȴƲ⣬ѵʵǸһһүߵĺ˶¥ĺգʲôġ

֮5

С㣬үĲ𣿡Ҷ˶ȹǵ°ڣŽ˿廨ƵΪȡסͷ˺ָۣȴͣסҧ촽žеҡ
ôˣһСղŻúõģôһӾͱɫ
С㡭ָĸҵĶͷ㣬𣿡
ɵѾͷ˵ʲôɵأûˣ׼ɡҳеĽԼžϵǰԺ˸ᣬûʲôףŰĵļ磬ο
ϦĿˣʹʲô
һ᷿
ûȥѾŵɢŨصľֻҲ̫ѷɫζǽɾŵҪȫҸɾ˲Űġ
үһ뵽ɾզ̳ӵ龰ЦһĶҾҲЦˡҴӣһ𾺼۵Ǹ̹ӣһ뵽ɫԵ۾Ҿֱ뷸ġ
С㡣ҡҡҵֱۣǵʵû°ɡ
û£ȻȥɣҽȥˡһεŶ롣
ﵽǴ죬װεľϲһһŷ䣬žͿһһźܴԲξ϶һ̵Ĳ˺һƿƿľƣҴбſڵλңڣ߱һףұһϻһﲻͣιιˣվһż̹ǻܡ
һ䱻һɴڣֵĿһĴ󴲣űߵĽһ໨ƿвż使޵ĵƿŮӶׯһֻѹ÷һֻ棬ʮɬ֪˭ѡôһֱƿڴ˴ƿϵա
˶˶ҴҡҡλεƿԱߵĹűϡգչү
Ҵĳ־ץͻȻһϣգҹȥıңȴװӲҼϲ
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ӣҰϸҪȴû뵽һһûվãֱֱľ͵Ũص֬ζŨҵľѬֻӡ
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ôˣʮָмվߣ԰
չû°ɡԶŭӣתеҵ
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үЩæ˵ͳһԲСӡⶫҿ죬תһ룬ɲСѾͷͿҩ
ôصĶղաҺһ
үҪҸ㣬ȻҪµģɲҪүӲźá֪ⶫķôصĶȻүæû취ֽ㣬ȴһҪС֮⣬ҲԼүеĵλԶң۽΢ЦƲ󣬴һϵƵүȻԼһֱŹءҪԸ£Ǳ۸үͷϣүǶ϶ϲˡġ
ԶһϯϣſڵȻͷ˻Σҿ˳ţȻˡԶҼ˼ۣ¶ʤЦݡ
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֮6

Զǰˣˬˬĸ߸˵ˣһƬƲʣҵͷȴǺôһƬƣһͷӴˡ
ǷԸ˰Զ⼸仰ҪеĿ֪ҺѾıˣ˸Ҵҵ⣬ǻҪÿ͸ҵǸѵѵ˵֮
Ȼүֵôϲңô϶ܴүһʣδ̫ˡһǵ뿪վʱ˵Ļǲǻݵ㣡Ƿߺ޵ôҲ֮һæµΪڣңֻʹñҲңҵ徲ˣǺôܸİһֻԺȲ׬ǮĻأҿҡǮ
үүǺ˲ǳһСС¥ŮӣҲֵ˵ķ
հүǿ㣬һҪúõźүĿͲкˣźүҪġһĵЦǿһʱӦԣʱˣ϶һ˵ˡ
ˣգүû˵ȥүѽʵ
æյĵɫүû˵
ȻͺúϢʱ׼үٻתҲŴһԶҲͲˣûˡ
뵽⣬Ҹæϵ£ղֺŷŪһˡ
С㣬үԭСôã˵үСӳȥءԱ˫ֺʮһ˷ܣŲܵ
ʲôãòƷв˵㣬Ȳ˵㣬ӹﲻ̫ƣҿã֮Ǹгкȵĵطÿ鵹ҲڰߣߣӣͷϵĽȫ²һɣµľɵȥ
Сôˡ
˱仵ˣЦʵ
֪;СˡǰС˵һֱߣôϲһѵүСı𣿡۾һգһգǿɰһֽߵ¡ǵǰǶϲ棬˵ССĺܿɰԭ֪һ̲ס
Сö黹֪أԺ󳤴˾ˡǴǰǸ˵һҲ˵š
˾ͶˣҲͿ˵ĸˡ
ĵط֪˿ңǰȫģҵĲôʹ
Ԥϵǰ㣬үһֱûҹңһʺҲûУҪʹˡҲҲβסӣһž߿ҵķţվżδ󺺣ڡ
ĸʲô𣿡һʵζȷʵǲվȵǰúȣɺȵľҲûʲôоˡ
Ѿͷ㵹ǹңڣ˵ǲǵүˣǲǸү˵ʲôȻôѾ߰ˣүôûָյážžֱ죬ŭӡ
͵ŽˣүҪĽɣԸˡôˣĸҲˣǽ˶˵Щҿһδ֮һֱûг¥ţôȥŭү˵ʲôˣĸ⻰ԩˡ
˭֪ǲү˵ʲôүɫԴӦʲô飬Ȼү⼸ղæµôҲ㡣
ĸ˼үҹƻŲˣҼаЦ⻰ҪǴүǲ̫ðɡ
㡭ѾͷһԸҡߡһҾڸһλᣬүûҲ˵үûйˣ͸ʲôʲôȥⲻܿģɲŵˡ
˵꣬սߣָӣЩ㲻ҡһţߡ
Ҫʲôһֻ֣ĲԸſ
СѾͷڣҿ㻹ܵȥָ׻ҵֱһѪۣ󺺽һƣ˳ֽϣôкôƣҲ޷Ӧ

ĸԸ1

ǺãǺðڷŲӣģûһ⡣
үҪ޴Żʹôһ壬ܽѵԸͲҪҽΧүǽһֻ֪ôһ⾰ֻһˣҲһԶһЩͷֱץȥҲڲ˰
ۿԽİˣѪٵı任ŲͬĹ⾰һ̻̲֪нգȴһ취Ҳûüޣһò⡣Ҫȥ͵͵Ĵһߣ취ǿԣû˿ңΨԾˡ
ɵվǰͰǰôܳء
Ǹȵ⡣
վڴǰҿĳˮƻѽˣҹҪˡ¥ѾԽԽ֣ۿҵĩҲ٣ҲɵЦү͵ЦɣԸˡ
ƵģȺжһ׵ѣͷΪۡ
Զҿ֮Ҿϲ֣Žڴڻ裬šԶ
ҵĶС·פʱҲƹˤֻҪȵȫںС
ŰԶ̧ͷң˿ҵϣүңԶôõһ˵ҲԾҾϾҲʲôǵҿԶȴֻһվ·룬Ǻ棬ûǰҴ˼ҲЩ꣬еҲ͸Ǵ
ȴתɱȥ
⣬ΪΣ
ѵôΪʲôҪܣӦúǰΪʲô
ȻŲõģǿԼȽʵڡ
ֵ׼Ҫô㡣Ȼүǿ϶ˣôҲôң޷ǾҪΪ׬ǮѣҼǲл֮ԺҪҲɡȻǼգҪӿͣ𱿪ҲЩƤ֮ɡ
ɽ̫һ⣬һѹڵա¥ҵƻҡҷˣʯ·ϹĹȥżиСƿһǳᣣĴΧķ羰ӸҡȣȺפڲ¥ƹܣԶԶĿ¥Ĺӭ
ˡһȺصĽŲԶڡ
ܻɫװ򶨣ĽҲûʲôúµģҶڶſڵϣš
ȴû뵽ǣһƬӰƮȼĲ𱣬Ǹɱү
㡭Ҿָе
һҵ죬ʾ֮ɫԱ
ˣоˡֻſģһ̲ŷƺǴſ߽ģһֱſڵ𱣬ûſŰôǴġһܣȷӣǴӴӽġɲܴĽã֮ˡ
ôңҰ࣬漴͵֣ϵ·壬˳˳ͷʵ
үȾҲϻƽ֮ǰΪ֮˺ֻԸܺúõĻ
ΪʲôҪЦĺգΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҪһҿƵ˵ǽǣ޿ˣָҵ°ͣһһʵΪʲôҪ
ү֪𣿡ұƵļˣͻȻԴｫе鶼˽͵ͨˣռѾүȦףôүʲôҪ󾡹ֻҪȵʲôĸԸ񶨶Ŀްĵӡ
ǺܴȻҲ֪Ҫʲôˡָҵ°ͻ󣬶𼸸ɧҵĲ֮䡣
žһű߿
ˡ浽һ̣ȴôľţࡣ
ĸԸֻүҶƵ·һ

ĸԸ2

ֿȵЦݣݰףŹŽ߰׵ĺɫۣϵŽɫһȦīɫ䣬ӳ⣬ŵ⡣
ĴĸҵĴһ˿ᣬŰӶÿָ𣬡˻͵رҧʹüȴ֮ġѪȵϢҵ
գȵ䣬ȴͣſס죬ɴ۾ǡ
үƷ˸𣬵Ľҵ°̧۾΢΢бӣȥ󣬵ȴЩɭɭģľս
ǣǡˣţظֱʣүʲôʱģôҲûͨһ
ſ֪һֱſڣ˵үˣһֻӬҲûɽȥ
үʲôʱȥģҲͷԣֻ÷ԸǣЩ׼㣬үҪʱͽȥ
ɷˣүָߵѪŵԼ¶Ц
ҪģˣͿˡ˵ţбĹϣ˫Աߵϣͷ˫֮ϣµĹҡ
ҹɫʣȴδüƣӴ¹ϣӳֻ۾Ź¥ڣͽЦﲻڶϷʵĿҺþãȴʼһδ
ȵơҲŸɿʵɤӣֻ򣬵ϡһתϨٻعȥʱ
үԶ֮ˣǡһ۾¶үֻ֮Ҫһ仰ҪҪҪ¥׼գôҲ򲻸Υү˼үȴʲôҲ˵ȴ˵κλҪأղ֪ﴥŭүүֻҪո׳ūôӮˡԺձүˣүҪʲôվް㲻ӡ
ãȻǴˣǾ֪֪Ҫʲôˡͳͷָ޵ḧŷ˿գ󣬻еĲ
ͷҵ磬ϧҧһڣʹ˲ӡ
۾۾֪ҪʲôҪģұңĸԸĸ
˫ɬĲ촽΢ӭȵ⣬࡭
峿ѲߣʹѣĺۼĴϢĵͺҵӭϣһĨϼ֪һֱյ󣬾þõĲƽϢ
С㣬ˣҵĶſţᣬȴ
ҹ˲ʹæ˼׵ϣֱſڡ
Ȼͷ˵ģ˫ֶϴˮֻţżСĲӽŵϣ˫ֽëңС㣬ϴϴɡ
ëӵСһ۽ǻ䡣
ģôСĺôµ֡űһ죬ɫͱò԰˺ö࣬۾һҲûУնʲôҲһһ飬ͷ߻һƬĺס
ҸС֣ȴһ͵ء֣ߣ䣬һ˫С˺ۣؽڴѾסҲвٵ˰ɣôôСĺӣôµְ
ĽڻΪңί
С㲻ޣҵģܲűǴС㡣
ԶҲҵģôԣҺܿˡôʵʵڵıҸ϶ҵľûġ
С㣬ĸ˵С𴲣СȥĸЦĺϲ£죬֪ʲô飬С㻹Сĵĺá˵
ãһСĵġ

ĸԸ3

ϴ֮ҲĽʳҪҼ򵥵˸٣˼ѱ̧ŵ𱴦
չˡſڵСѾͷü˳۵Ľ쵽ǰýɨŵ¡
֪ĸк£һֱҵЦҲ﷢ëȻ˵ʲô£ŵĺá
հ֮ǰĸô㣬ҿҲΪðұ㣬үҲô˲ǡֻǿĸõķе֣Ҳ˲С˹ϡЦ
ӣѵүˣʲôͷɣ򣬽ô˺ãǸˡҺɵĳΣźϷӦÿˡ
Ȼ𱻰һתʵүЪǿ˵ʲôû
ҿСӣȻ׽Ū뷨ȡһ֮һ䣬ôѵү˵ʲô
ү˱裬Ƶ£һڣԽյбƳ𱽹ϲ
ү˵ʲôæʵ
ʵүҲû˵ʲôֻ˵ҹθڣԽǿżҾԽܺãһҿϷŪˡ
˵ʲôӴյҸǰ۾ŵһգգĿҡ
ү˵¥ôЩʵǺܲףĸˡү˵Ҫ뿪¥֪ĸʲôûҲɫ˵
֪˵һһ̶ʵĻǶ϶ϲ˵Щġ
䣬粻ı仯ȴ֨ѽƿҶʱú쬵ģһֲԤȻ
ūҼүͨĹڵϡ
΢㶰ΣĬţҲô㣰ɡϥǲҲſڹȥūҺռү
үſƬֻ̣ţ𱵥ֽҷ촽ҵĶ˵ͱ⡣
ĸղź˵үλվŰԶ޺ȴûиҲɵЩʧ䡣
үūˣүܿϺǺյĸֲ֧Ц
˵ףǶĸĵ̣ȻôˡүЦ
ūǲҵǫѷ
ҽʹˣ˳ٸĸһָˣ֪ĸûʲôүĴָϵīɫָ˵
֪үλˡĸϲû뵽үһξҪ¿׬ˡ
ҲʲôҪˣһСѾͷںոǰġźոȥߴźѾͷ»˳һЩҲûźˣǻί˺հүòƲ£ȴܿΪҶӣв˷ݺøС
ү˵ǣСѾͷҲ˺ղӣģүΪշˣүǺøʱѾЦ˻ָͣزŪѾһ׬˶ˡ
ǣ˱ɾʹˡ˵꣬ү˦˦°ڣֱûʱ䵢飬գѾͷ͸ߡ
ǡӦתߣȴס
үǲǻʲô˵ˣ촽ʵ
ʲôݱ롣үͷ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ뵽ʲôƵľеˣĸɡ쵽ǰһҲҪӡ
ʱ޲ôԼһͣʲôѣûүүߺûߺգиоݵİץ⵹ãүҪԼȫˡ
ĸ
ǣүܲԸĴ׷үĿүǰ˺Ƭȴ֨һ
߰ɡǰһ̧žֵ
ĸк£
һ򣬱ҲҶ˵֮˵ֱӱ⣬޿ĵү¥Ļүô˺˴ߣ¥ԺôάƣүںҲ¥ôķϣЩչ¼ʮпڷ԰

ĸԸ4

ҰЦĪҪһ޶ϵϷˡƺˣүɲʲôǵӣЩϷǰʲôãпʵ䷴
ĸ˼ĪǸ߱Ҫˣ·Ǯɡүһ仰ȫϢֻ۾䣬ͱˡ
үūҲҡͨڵϿ˸ͷ漴үҲҪūҰūҺò׽ɲţôүūҵѪɾͰ׷ˡõүأūҲöˣѰ˼ҼŮҲҪĲǣүôôί˺գôĴأү
үתʵɾί
ҵüСŮ̬Цܵү˻ôίһƳ𱣬ֻɫ԰ףֻ۾ݺݵҡ
ն˵ίĸҲصǡ
үүĿţĵĿ޵үҲ֪ˣ¥ĹүҲţү߻գԺūһôһ㣬үǿд߻һǴˣԺүҲ޹Ⱑ
вǱסе˶Ϣв꼰㡣
ūҲңͨһͷ
Ҿͺáү˫ָ󣬰ͷĿȵĵ¥ĹأǱҲ¥Ĺ֪ĸǲҲȤ
͵һ£ͷѹøˡ
ϸϸ׷˵Ǻգǰ¥ĹȫߣҲӦɡᵽᱻһгЦΪʹñ飬ˮ츮ĵطΪĸһ仰ۣ֪ܵʱĸʲô³үӣ̽ͷѾ񵽵ϵһ
׻˵ĺãٶɳԵ˿ͷ˰ɡңҲүôҲǵͷѽⲻѰ·
ĸûʲô˵ˣǱҪˡү
ҵͷĸһģ±ղż仰ŵòᡣүҲû˵ʲôԼŲӳţҲʰȥ
С㣬ӦôʲôðôѣôҲϴӵĻ̵ѣͷۣЩȫϲҪҼΪˡ
һݣȫӹﱧ˳ӵϣôʡ
áҡҡͷ˳ӵһߣأʡ
ϲ
ӵһߣܹõ˰ɣ
̾˿ҡҡͷ
òҶˣϾ¥ĶҼǴȥˣͲôһһȻԾɾһǧ˿Ƶϵﲻ̹
žžžſĹ
һתֻԶվſڣɫΣֺǺǵĶЦչ˵ĺܶ԰
ôˣǲҪˣʵ
Զǿҵѣ޴½ţҲεĿű϶ǵүҪһ˵ʲôҲôվѾȫˣֻҪ˸߾ˡ
ȻǾллүˣ΢ʰ䣬Ϲȥүϣ֪᲻ᵢүʱ䣿ʵ
үѾˣȹһߣ׼ˣֱӽҾˣҾ¥´š˵꣬ԶŹϣ¥ȥ
Ҳϲû뵽뿪ʱ򣬡죬ҴվǼȹҳҲҪ¥뿪⣬Уǵðطʰʰܲߵʱ򻹸˼ô໰
ҴæĻ·û뵽ս·ЩôûöľȻ򣬿Ѿס˺ЩĵطЩĪ˸С
ȻһѾҲ飬ΪʲôҵԾɻʹΪ˱ϦԸԼ֮ȴԼ߳ȥ֪·ΣΪֻ֪ǣҺ͹ǲܵˣֱڣȻ޷ԭǵΪ޷ԭ¡

ĸԸ5

ǲʲôˣôоܲõӡԶڽӵһ࣬ʵ
ûʲôֻǺȻЩ°ˡѵľ͸˲
ѵ˵ﻹ¥ɣԶȤ˵
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ǺǣͲ֪ˡԶ˾Ҳʼ£˵үȻǸү츮Ͼ뾩Զúܣ׻˵߻ʵԶ𡣾үб£ҲطһܸôĵչˣүҲֻ;˵أү̲ôȻҲҪôȥͽүȻֺүô仰˵ҲͲµү
үʱ𱲻ǻһ뵽ұ𱵱һ͵үǣҾĲˣңղ𱲻ҲΪүŴӦôߵ𣿡
ȻǲµүɱϾүǴ˱İһ͸ˮô˭ܲɵοܴ¥ǿȫүϰ֪ھǣ˭вүǺҲҪɵ֣˭˲֪үԶżҳ˵ƽ£һҲڣЦôġ
ѵӽ£ɱ˲ɡſڽӴϣŰԶ˵
˵ˣɱˣҲɱһԶѵõ¶Щ֮ɫתǳЦʵүҲˣͻˡ
ҾͻףȵȣʵҲΪʲôҪء
ݣԶ˴ȥϢԼֱү鷿
С㣬뿪¥𣿡үողΣЩŵʵ
뿪ˣܿİɡҸСѾͷϸģģһƥźɫĹ
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Ĳǣ㿴ʹĲǡ͵ָסݵգʹĽгתЦĵĻʹΡ
˸߲ҵʰһæòֺҲ岻֣Զ˱裬бأԷ
ĩԽղŻһϣԽˡڷæȻ죬ôЩһôĿİɣ뿪Ǽ£ĵطĲôСĺӳܡǾôһ⣬ȴһǼ£Կ͸ˣԺƭǣôױİɡ
˿ڲ裬ſľΧϷ
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СѾͷЦųҪкȴ֪ǺӦôƺЩΡ漴Ӧԭǹ
չﲻҪеôƾͺãүߵѾͷСүߡǿҵľȣԼȽ͵
ƣ֡Ҳ޵
үıʺá΢ЩߣͻȻһĨϼֻݼš̽ͷ￴æ¡
չղү˵ǱҪˣҪ˵£ίˡƵ
ôίǺոмվߣʱЩ߶ˡ
Цô߶ţʵ͸ߵģֻүһֱ˵ߣҲ˵ʲôүһͷԸ׼̣ʵﻹʲôҪ׼ģʰȫ׼ˣֻҪһǱ߼ϾԿˡ
ֿ֪ɻˡֹЦҵļ£ʵʹ𣿡
ʹˣѾˡ
үԹĺģ˵ҩүҲ˭ģҪϧҵֱۣ˼ȴƮȵһˣһĨɫץס顣

Ȼ޺ۣ1

ۣ͵ֱۣû뵽ƣôֱϼɫָӡϡɼ
ңҲǹġƻæĻعֽ޴룬㱣۾ʱƳȵľˡ
û£㲻Ҫôţֻû뵽ͦġҰڰ֣ԼֱۣƸղյõطЩ΢΢ʹĲɣҲö˵ʲôƣҪҪȥȱ衣ѾʰĲˣ쿪ʼ磬ҲЩˡ
ˣһ£ŹˡɫĬĬת뿪ľã޺֮䶨ʲôȻΪ˵ʧ䡣
޺ۣǣ㣬ֱ˭ǣء
С㣬ˣɡǰ˻ΣûʲôӦԴҡ
ţʰˣҲŻع
СôƵġ
ûûʲô°װ£䡣
Ȼ߳¥ĶõͷţٵǽǲǻɨˣŷЦ徻˲٣ڲŷ֣ԭ¿˵񵭰
࡭
ķ˲ʱ˵Ƭ̣ȻЦˣ
С㡣˼ĵͷɫͨ죬̧ͷСϾûԶѵǶˣæôˣˮûء
ˡ˱˳˳ڣԽĿѹһʯЩô
ɽ¥ҪʲôΪʲôһ˵ľš
С㣬ҪˣǻǿЩЩԣȻ¸ˡææĹ˿ڲ裬̽ͷ˿죬˵žҪȥ
ҸһȥһҵֻԼͷð亹һɨ˸ս
Сģܿͻҵ֣ĵһЦ¶ѩ׵ݣƤɰңȴԾЩ£ԼҲ֪ںʲô
һһļɨſҶϵľ죬Ҷɳɳ죬һһһķš¡¡Խ
æ˽䣬ںáĿͨͨĿţ֫ʼûɵĺ¡ѵ˵ǸΪһ֮˽ɸ˱˵ԵˣǸڳͷ𡣲ģҵģǸ۰Сĭ֪ԼʲôҵģġƭңϦ͹ƭңҪСĭСˣСĭˣСĭѾΪԼľ˴ۣͳȫŮɡ
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ԽԽУԽԽ

˲ûҵĿ
Ŷ䣬ĵڵ̺ϣû˺¹ͺǸڸҵĳͷץһĵݣҵһİο
ڵ죬˲һĹһֻ۾Ŷںڰеңͷըһףϯų顱һŴ򿪣ҶɳʯӭϮͬʱϮģһӰ
߿߿ҪҪŶ䣬۾һԽǽкԽǿúܽ޷ģһůĻұůĺڰĻĺůůĿס򾪿ֺҴֱۣĽ§ڻҵĺ󱳣ʵʵڵĸоԼĴڣ´档
ףһͷըҲŶ䣬ԾһϮ
Ǹо񣬺һξ̨ϵľ֡
磬ףһһҵĳգҵڱ飬ͷһѻҵȼա
ҲҪҲҪҽץס½ȡůϢƺѾΨһҲҪһξ̨ʹĻ䣬ʹĸԴҲҪ

Ȼ޺ۣ2

££ڣ㲻µģҪ¡
ҵļУֻºૡǶĵһĨ⣬ůҵģ
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ֱǸĿƻȥ·ﷳƣűͷɻشϡ
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ڰУһİһҽơҲˣɴʱϾôֵſڣҲӲˣҿԽС

һδſڣͱǰסͣꡪæʾ

ʹ4

ʲôˣ
˫ֺҵĴ䣬˫ߣȴȫɵĶֽҵ˫
գңõյĺڽҶ߽е
һ㶣Ȼ֪Ǻգô˭ءҴסһ̧ͷö˫ۣϲʹ࣬۾Ĩȥľ
Ҳղĵĵҷſ㣬˵
æĵͷôſѹѹǣֺôôѡָշſҾ˼ڿȻźĿ
գ֪㡣һҰ¥ôЩ겻ܲˣ֪ȲҲôһֵطǺ᲻áĺܵ㣬֪㱻ү֪֮Ҷ຦𣬲ȻҲóȻǰ㡣գԭҡİԹ˵Գ
ĺգҲһܸжǣұϾҲ֪˭֪֮䷢ʲô֪ΪʲôǸܴ
Ծ˿Ϊǰӵ뻳գ֪֮Щ飬˵ʲôҲһߣ̫ˡָ⴩ҵķ˿ŵᡣźɵ嵭Ǻš
ſؿڣʮ̰ζȴңܾУ˵Ҫġ
˭
һһ䣬һƺһصķſң棬ֻ۾޹Ŀңʮʹĵ㻹ǲԭҡ
ҡҡͷٿĲǵ˭Ҳ֪ʲôǹϴˡ
գҲϴ˵ģ֪㡣ǣҵ֣ŵܿˣĺ㣬ա
ôȷңȴûйصκ˵֣ѵ⻹һβΪ֪ĸ飿ͷءңĺգɲʲô𣬻Ǿ콫߰ɡ
΢΢һЦ˺һүߵŮĭǺգԲ֪ӵʲôˣ񣬹һϴˡ
ģҲϴġգһǻڹҡȻôãһһЦĿҵԺУҲϴ˵ġ֪ϿһжôĿּˣֻҪԸ⣬ʱԴߣٶһˡ
ѵ˵ҲӪ֮СϸϸĻ룬гүߵ֮⣬Ǵʹүߵ֪ôڣǿӷǲ֪ģôӦǴʹǱߵˡʹ
ҺȻ뵽վӰǸˣò
ҰԾУǺʲôʱʶ˴ˣӰ¡ɿľֹҲƽ˼ҵĹӣһһЩһİҲǸ˵ɡĻҲʶܾãҲھ֮ǰѾʶȻһҲûᵽˣǣȻڿ˵ϲգǺգΪʲôںҪʱȴûг֡
ˣǿסġǺҲ飬ôײǵʱѾ׵Ļ˰ɡ
Ȼ̫أĺã벻ʹ
գָĸҵĶͷһһεĲŲİ̺ۣǳ鶯ȴʲôҲû˵
Ц˺󣬡ĭǺգǲҲû취ֻ˵ʶһȴҪʱܲʣʲôİ磬ȴһпԣѾںϣʲôҲ޲Ĳɶں˵ӵѹ
գôԭ𣿡
ĭǺաžүôһǼֵҵ飬ǰһæˡȻ첻֪Ӧô͹ȥźá
վǲԭҡĽ쵽У̾˿ת
ʧ뿪ҵȻɨһ˿ĿС
㵹Ǻϲĭְ֪ʱүȻҵڣոһİˣȴû뵽һүĿǸղŵ̸
үһεĸ˸

ʹ5

ҵͷɫѥһؿĿҵţҾȻڽţȴ֪ΪνšӲǸ˿ˮƽݣ̧ͷ΢Ц֪үҹǰν£
ôҹͲ𣬻˵ڹֱĲʱ򡣡վǰֵָĲŪͷķ˿΢䣬̵ָ̰γ˿ٲ㻬䡣
үˣϢˡװƽĵ
ǰˡһ޲Ľָҵ°ͽͷ̧
㡭Ҹ˵ĶͷͻȻĵҵĶϣһʱҾȻ֪ηӦվԭء
㲢޴ˡ
ҿĵͷһ᣽Ŵ˽쬵ģҲ˸ҲЩ漴æҡҡͷŤȥ
¥ŮӣôĲ˵ıԡôղǸĿζǱأǲǹʸˣͷָӽĶңڱ䣬һ޵׶Ҫɡ
ž

ҿԼѾģȫңҾȻ
ƳסҵĿͨͨĿһδˣȻĻҲ֪ԼΪʲô֣ΪĻԣΪ˵˲˵Ļôôңҵģҵġ
ȫˣˣˡ
ô𣿡̧ͷһץҵ󣬽ӵϣֻ۾ðŭ𣬲߶ʮһľѹϣŰǿ񱩵ҵķ
ԶҲӳҵģ
ֻҵģ
ůֹҽƣҲղҸ߲һƵģȻҲͲӡǣڣӡ
СĭСĭҾǻ㱵ڽңе֣þûˡ
ǣ˭ڽң˭
Ҫ۾ȴôҲԽԽԶԽԽᣬƮĲš
ߣߡ
͵ѴŷԭֻΣô˽Сĭɶǰ亹Ҳ˯⣬ؾȫʹȫǰ͡һҾ;ú䣬ӹѰЩů
С㣬ˡˮϻЩ졣
ȣˡҲ˼·ڱﴩϣȻ´ϴϴѡ
С㣬ƹղ˵үҪСͿʼȥź򣬶ҵȻʹҪȥˣСҲҪȥͿͣСҪú׼¡
ʲô죬ҲҪȥ̾˿ƵĿʲô취ءŮӲ飬ΪʲôʹʹҲҪأòǹҰɣһ뵽ʹҾ뵽ϵǸˣ׺ͺʲôϵء
С㣬Ĳӡױ̨ǰָҵĲɫ糺ĽͰ͵
һͭһģһһһƬɢڲһࡣԣⶨʱĽ¿ôȥˣǲһҪѿŹҪҽȥͿ͡
ͿЩۿܲסüüͷһƬҪȣǲͿ˶ٶڸǲסƬ֮£ֻԺ˰ɽ٣µͷɢ࣬ͷ߸һֱᣬͷɢ˼ֻĵ䡣ҽȴлһӡ
ʲôҺʡ
ƹ˵үСģҪСԺʹϵˡ
ҽӹеӣʯɫ觱һߴţмһֻĺʯ͡
ҰСϡùʤҵĶǰεʯסҵİ̺ۣʯɫ觳ĵ÷ɫԽĺ
Сɵ̾
ҿžеԼҲɵõ˰ΣڵĿ޷ˡһ֪ߵغĴһƣ첻֪ôôĵңЩǣϣʲô²źá
˴ֱүʶȥҪңûӦұŮȥԼٴѾͷң̫ˣ˵һ²һ¡ҳĽ˴ʣصײһǽ۵Ҫ̧ͷһɱү
ôܲƵһ仰᣾ߣҲֻý
ҪӰõˡүȭȻ˼˵˾õȲ˼Ŀûаĳ⡣
ӰһվӪſЦүعģ»ȥᱨ׼үϣһǶ
ղҳֻȥҲû⵽ʹѾ׼ˡҵͷԼĸоԱȵһ̧ͷϳѾվߣֻ۾ĶҵĲҧ촽һδ
ʶĲ˼ͷסǺۣѾպһƬǶˣһͷǺ۲С¶ˡ
һߵġүᶨҶߵ
⻰ɪûǰˣϣҶ֧֣ԣɪ֪ҪĽ

Ůĭ1

ҵüƲүȴƫеö׺ݵĿ⣬ĵ׶ʱһֻ΢΢ĳ˵ͷεŲүվá
ò׽ߣҲһ治֪˺ͺ֮䵽ʲôϵټ棬׼ᷢʲô飬á
һ鷳ʣһ鷳ġ̾˿үŸӣԺôĺù
ʣ
һ죬ſھҪʡëʾͷǰԼ㣬ɾǰ쵽Ƥ棬һźģüͷӱʼϳһֻ˦ȴ֡žһ˻
պī
źպīСҲҪΣֻðպīٰѱʽϡһԵ౾ȦȦддҲ֪ԼӦЩʲôֻðһĥīǲ
ôõĵͼô౾Ȼûһ˿иԾɶϣ۾æµʵæµӻķǳˡ߸ĳһ˿ңȣüĿһɫʮĵɫܰסǵһôϸĿо֮ǰһҲһ
ֱֻ۱˭ץţͷһվԱߡ
ʲôʱģҿƣСʵ
ȴܽŵָָүɫܲãʶĸоһԱɨѵĻعȥЦүкηԸ
үбαϣֻ۾аȵĿң΢䣬䲻һ裡
ŶǣҸæתƽõĲݸңǵҡҡͷ
湻󵨵ģû˸ôű˿裬ĵĿңſھϷʵ
ū澲ңԺˡҵͷ
ƣҽνǶ·ԸյžİϣһվһƵĴһī㣬Ǻš
ȥûһȺ˾ˢˢվӪʣΪ׵ҽԶ޺ۣҹ֮Ҳм
үҪˣԶֺǺǵǰʵ
һɽٷֱСԶӴ϶࣬ѡǧȷȥ޺һɽˮֱȡɽϣȡָ
ǰȥ׼ֵαϣ۾۵ӡ
硣
磿ĥվֻĴļϣ֪Ӧôֻ࣬Ų̫
ǡ۾ֱƵһһûüѾĻУЦļ޳ָ⽫Ҳ鷢ϷʵĿŹڵǺۣЦĸӹ졣
һ죬æȥ棬ȴס˿˿ıһһǺۣƬʹĺʹĴֱȥ
ҪñƣĽ°ҵĲĥƬ̣ڲıϢʪʪȵҵĺ󾱣ֻܰܰҡ顱
ʱĲ֪һҹһҵԸԸ⣬ǺܰԵӶҵ˯⣬Ҳòȥסһһ޼ɵȥɣͻȻ¡
īĵ
Ŷǣһҹ˰ҹû˯ѵĸоԴ˵ֻ˯ټһһߵҡҡλΣҪ˯šǸ㲻ףһ𣬿ΪʲôҪǲоƶˣΪʲôһõүҪء
ҲмƲƲ죬ϲͣİĥҲ֪һ·жٵĶҪ쿴ҲȥҲֻǼ౾ͼͼѣȴôá
ˣ±ʣԱߣֵָŪҵͷ
ū澲ۡŲŲĥ
Ǳˡ˸ŵбȥǱ֮ǰõĺ˺ܶ࣬ǿҲ֮ǰôߵƨɶʹ˺ܶӣ治ۣڻһСһ·Ҫ౾ʱĵĵͼԱ߻Ųˮ͵ġ
үúϢū澵ȥҹ׼ȥãһôЩҲúۣҪȥ͸͸οķ羰ܱү
ãڰС
ԥƬ̣εİ£ǺԾĽͷҵϣѰ˸Թ˵˯ҰȱľѾܲˣֱѹţģܡ
⻰
HOHOϣܶԣɪȻڸ٣ÿµݻӣԺӵĸ࣬ԴǧҪ

Ůĭ2

գա
ʵƺ˼ٵ۾һүѾߡæ·һ̧ʹ֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵģӣӦһ˰ɡ
үԶˡ
ŶԶˡü󡣸Ųſڣûбб׹ȥ
˭ģһҵֱۣ˳ֽԻص
˭ȥģҡ˵ΪŮҪ粽룬źҵĲˡҲãţøңڡ
治֪ߴߴãְ˫ȣ࣬ôһžú˺ܶ࣬ҲûʲôʡɫһôȥˣһӣүͰԶ޺ԾڲԶָָ֪˵Щʲô
ûûүȴƺӽҲʼǰС
үأʵ
үͰԶˣǾ͵ӪˣԶӭүġ˵۾ȴ̰ĿԱߵһһ΢΢Ц
Ϧ¡
ɫ˿裬Ŀ⣬һһյӳ⡣ֲãƻῴôεҡҡͷ޺ۣòĺ͹ΪʲôÿοҶҲǺΪʲôҪء
ãȻ
Ѿǵ·˶ٵӣ֮ԽԽ䣬оƺ붬ѾңԶ֪Ϊʲôѡʱ̣Ӧ޵ӣе׼յĵӢȴӻ
ǸҵģүÿհǰźֻҪÿҪ౾ʱȥ̺򼴿ɡ⵹ʡȥҵĺܶ๦򣬶Լʱ䡣ֻǾˣÿһľҪүǲ
ãƺԶԶһŮְ𣬵ұۣȴôŮӣľܵİʱΪƱƽԼҲֻһŮʲôʸЩǰֵַԼ飬չ˺ͺá
үʹˣ
ˣүЦһžһʰϣŨīѩ׵ֽγһƬںڣǿϧôõֽ
үѾǵˣ
뿴ӵԵж١ĿڵУԱߵ˿ɾͼˣǿүô򶨣Ҳֻüͷ֪ӦӺ˵
䣬ȥʹֻҪԼľˣҲԻԼı֣ϿУһʧˣҲүкЦԴԼǲǣѵͲƻĹϵ𣬱ϾϿУһ϶õлɳˡ
ǣүε̾ˡ
ү֪ǲϿսģȻԶÿȥ½ǿȥأʱһΣҲĹǳؾù£νӡԼȻÿȥսɿսܶز𱸷ֻЦ
ҲִܹļÿվŻ佫սѪڵģŽд̣ÿսȡʹõ˽ڽڰˣֻʧ룬ȴֻС
ȥ޺۽תվһźܴƤͼǰפ㡣ĿתĿŵͼѿ˼ײաҲʵ˺£Ǿ뿪ĺá
ůģůůģ˸粽ȥѰ޺ۡ
פҲЩӣҰڴﲻȥżȥΪүʰʱ䲻߶Ӫصأû߶ֶ£ûʲôʱģԶסЩӿҲİ
޺۵֪ģʱͼǻȥҲġֻǴʱȴôľӪǲ֪ĻҲûߣһĴˡ
С㲻ȵȣְȥҡ
鷳ỤˣҲĴҺˣӦòߵĺԶǡҳ޺۵Ĵʣ泯ɽȴ˵ı֪Ϊδʱ뷨Щտյġ
Ụ˼ˣȥѰ
ҲôĻүý˵תתѵýôõһµĿҲ
⻰
ǲģһ
ϣҶ֧֣ԣ˵ȥ뷨ɪŬ
ҪͶƱղְ֧

Ůĭ3

˵Ʋɵı任ĸˣ翵ĸ˻ҵһθ߸ѧϰƵʱǿ߸ƺʵβͣԼȴãһƶǻջģԼվ棬Ȼ˲٣ȴҲˣΪǱ߸ȥЦ϶ĸġ
ĸ߸磬ĸ磬ȾС
Ϧ

ҲģΪޣԲɣôȥǡ
Զɽ죬಻
Ҿǲ֪Լԭפôĵطÿججģǹôķ羰ŲȥѾɿݵĲݸЩӲӲš
ҰãͻȻǰһһֱɫӴҵߡȻܿӣϲͣǰҲֻȾһΣȾΪϵģֻӵǱֻ˺ֻܶ࣬ǰɫģѩѩ׵ģֻȴЩңϸô׷֡
ڿʲôû⵽ҡŵһĿĿǾ͸ˡ
ҿϸëк۾ʱ򣬻õĺͻȻΣգȾܣҪƴץסȴһԾ˸աʹæֱ׷ȥҰӣǱӵֻܵĿֻ࣬ӶĶƽʱһÿֻ֪˯ˡ
תתģŤŷವһ²Ӱ
ӵû죡ȥѰȴӰҲ׻˵ߣ½ץˣʵҲǺϸĿѣҲûʲôģΪʲôҪҾء
ҴŴͷĺ׷ôһ۵ĲᣬþûôˣܵһĺҲ⣬Ҳࡣ
ֻǡ
˴ˣء
ҾĿղֻ׷ӣֻ۾ֻлãûô¿鷳ˣӪءԱ߶Ǹ߰͵Ĺľԣϴʱ㣬ɵЩ쬵ģЩů
ֻǵǵӪɽ£ȫɽɽء󿴿פķ򣬿ֿҲ񣬵ءҼֱšǣΪʲôһҪ׷أʲô棬ֲûڿɺˣû׷ǰԼŪˡ˵˵أҪˣǻҪ
򣬿ֲԭصңԼ߳ȥܻȥ
ŨܵĹľֻһˣЩ£ǰߵﶼΪԼ칬û·Ầ»Σգ£һ˴˷Ҳ𣬻
ôʱ䲻һȥ᲻Ҫȥһڲʡƣ᲻ͻȻҺþû˰ү᲻ͻȻҳܾöûȥˣȻƽʱô㣬ĺ뿴㣬ȻҲãںץһȥҲﰡ
תתȴԭأΪԼʵҲû߶·ӦӪزǺԶȴû뵽ôҲ߲ȥҲߴ˷һͷ˸Уһ·ϻ˺ö˿ڣʹ̣ȴԴС
ѾôˣǲǸ˷Ҳء
ߵĽˣöӿʼֱˡҲûʲôأ˰Σ۾ʼЩˡȻĻῴǰ··أһ
Ҳ۾ɽҰôڣһһˡ
ˡ
һΣѾˣĿˣ˵ʼֻþˣɽҰ룬ĺú¡ŶվһߣһǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ˮʪʪģ
۾۾ģ𽥱һͷںڵķ˿׵ĽۣҰ˵Ľŵϵ̴ľζ
û㣿۾ȷɣĲۻˡ
ô⣡޺۽ڴʯͷϣ˦˦䣬ԶϬ䲻ܿ˼Щ£ҲҴˣֻΪʲô
ҷү֮ҽҵͷȶߵˮôãҾȻûˮҵˮӦǶߺϤɡֻǿˮеңǱ
࣡Ӳʱ˵ĽˣһҲûУ֪ӪػжԶ޺ھӦܻصȥֻҪܻȥͺá
ͷ䵭Ŀң˵ǰ棬ӴǣһƥҴ粽ĸߣʧһ·ҲĴ־ֻǲſݲݵУСȣ˺۵Сһѩϼ˪ˣǱˡ
ĬĬĻͷ̾һҾͷԼ·ĸоĺܺáǣȴǾߡ
ղԹȴֱŨŨ˼ʲô˰ɡΪҵѺãȴûôҡ
Щ²֪ġĻص
ǣ
⻰

ĶHOHOҶְ֧

Ůĭ4

Ծɼǵүֹһεľң޺۴ʱǧ򲻿Կɱ˵ġǸղȴûɱңǿʱѾͽ֮ûʲô˰ɣֻҪңҳҪȺɽ֮еġǾңôʵǸܺúܺõ˵ģûмȡ
ʶǣƹһԴԵĹľ֣ǰȻʣǰפӪأٻͷʱ·ԼôãʵӪصĲԶתǸ˵̫ʶ򣬻Ǹ˵·ڲص̫ˣԼһοֻС·̫ΰɡ
ĭ
ƣԶԶĿŸͷұͻȻֽٺñطĸоȫӶֱۡ
㵽ȥˣôҲˣҲ㣬֪𣬱ҵģҪǳʲôô졣棬ƾü޲ĵ³һѵĻ
ЦôЦĳװŭ⣬۾ȴһ̶ˮ
Һÿģû뵽ƾȻôңҲڻôżȻңǻȴôˮװң䵽ϵȴϧĸҲˣ칬һĵңһĹôǲǻẦżѹˡ
СĭһδӦѾһڻ
֣
ҵɴ۾סãûôңϴСߵ޺ۻһ۵˲ŵɨһ˿ˡҿΪʲôҵˡ
ȥˣһعүɿҵ˫磬ŭָû뵽ղŽҵľȻΥĳƺȻǳλɱү֮ڣϲֺޣб۾Աߵ޺ۣū澷ү֮޺۽ȥˡ
ȥˣүɫһظİĪǡųҵࡣҵ৵һºˣʱ޺۵ϣôãȴһ֮⣬Һ޺һֱһ
ʵҲүҲ£ֻǺƻ룬Ͼƺ޺ۡҽŵ̧Ƥ͵͵ߵƣϣҧ촽һԲ۾ζˮϽ
׷·ǡ˽ǽĻһɽתû취
׷ӣߣҸõɣȻ͸˵ʵġүͷߣܲΪȻұһʱôССĸжһ£ڱ⻰һȴʲôоҲûˡͲͣںĻֻҪžͺáǣ˵ץ˵ƻ
үǰЩʱ꣬ɽˮĵƱ任Ӳĳһ··ϴó޺ǰһ˫ĿѾķ򣬰
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ŭΪգ1

ҽһ·үһҪʱҩ˵ʱҪүҩźáҲ֪ҽΪô֣µĽһֱźҩʱҲŶе⡣ԭүʲô£ΨºҩҲҲ֪ɣȻΪδһᵽҪүҩͶҡͷȥ
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ŭΪգ2

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1

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ָŴһ׵ŵİɫ˿ഩɴȹ㴩˵˱档
˯δѣһװ磬۾˰Ρ⻰˴һֱŸѵҾôôᶪ档뵱ҿ칬Сʲôûʲôʱ򶪹档
ȵȣӣѲҪʲô𡣶ң׼ôƯ·
˾͸Ͽ׼·˦˦䣬ͷҲصĳȥ
һ·žеԼ۷棬һӣԺ죬ǰ֮ǰĻʤĺʯסǰİ̺ۡ°׵İȹһһʣǴе˿ΪɽɫĺҶƿ
ΪʲôȫĽʿװ
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үȴûĸͷԶԶ緢°ΡҲ⴩ţ⻻˼˿ʵİ޵ȹү
ѲɽʲôҪΪʲôе˶࣬ŲҲׯء
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ųĴͺǱˮϴһ㣬ȫ¶ɫʣ˧߾٣Ų졣
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ӭү飡
ǵĶͣڳſڣҺæǰ浲ŵʿүǰˢˢĹһصĹԱ裬òϡ
ܣɻˣΪֿһƵӰ¥һصĹԱæóһžӴ粽߳ĽŲܼУŵĹ̤С鲽Ľš
֣үһԾ£ֻӭȥֻ΢΢ĸδߵݡ
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۷ɫϵɴٵǧˮȹһ÷ɫ֯дһ͸ĵ˿ɴķ˸οյ񻨵İΣ¶񾱣һ污ɴסաƣ΢΢嶣ϸ֫ӯһաݺݺһ檹ӭүתǧأ˲
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ѵ˵еǡ
۲ѣ޺ۣǲֻܿĴڡ
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С㣬ˡ۾Сȴ
ʱѾţǳǳһЦǸ׼һЩѣ˵һ·оҲûü׼үָҪһȥӷϲ磬·
ҴĿΣףΪ죬ϦôϦҾ̱ϣô¡޺ۣҾѾ⣬ΪʲôúϦ˵ƣֱͬһˡ
ĭôˣǰʵ
߿ʶĴ֣ץαŻŵġ
С㲻ǹģɫ쳣žĹڵأͷϴ
ĭôˣңЩǵ
С㣬СûҲŻ˵ʱſǻ
·ˣúտС㣬ʲôϻرϻҪȥҹ磬򲻵κβء˵һͷ뿪Ȼز
С㣬ôˡ
뿪ҵǰ뵡ΪϦһףΪлйһ޺ۣΪΡ
⻰__________________________________________________

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˿öȴȲ칬˾Сɡùõ裬ٿǵҲζұͲүȴƫƫָΪֻ·ϵĽζͻҵĴڣûңȴû뵽Ծħơ
бԹ޵ǧٻأüһɨȴбİԶžƱЦŭʢҲŰԶƵӣȴٱңһ
ϣ˵Ҫһ֧Ľʿ׼ࡣߵĸ߹ϸ
ǺǣҲʱǰЩ˵ѧһ̲裬пոƣһֱ˵û졣Ÿ˼찡ѾڽʿǰˣϵӵӴ󰡣뿴һֻ軹ǽءֺǺǵĳү
ﻰǳɰˣҲű˵Ӳܼһ衣үСĵĵ
ޡˣǿɾЩɱˣ뿴Լһ軹մű˵Ĺء˵ʱĿŰԶڽʿԸЦΨаԶüͷźȾڸûԶ˵ĳգ⵹ЩϷ뷨ѵ˵ǹѿɡ
裬׼࣡߹ִɤǳ̶
Ϻڽʿ¶̨衣һСŮӽȴԾȻ
ҪطҲգڰ޵¶̨ȥɡڽʿƼ¶̨ˮΧ˰Ȧ۷׷ף֪Ūʲôӡ
嵭㣬ʪʪĺòˬ
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ŮӽżתɴҹɫŨܵĺˡɴ䣬ǰ
ϣүӯӯһݣȹɢһء
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ȿȣţһ˿ɱȡԶæͷ
ǰԶáǵ۵СһĻϲĿŰԶշ۷ۣһĶˡ
ԭؾ˰ΣԭԶ黹ΪǳóƢŹ֣û뵽ȻôˬȻǰԶΪı飬ѰζҶһ߰Ц
һѱϣʿǸŻϻصнʹͣȴ̰ҹɫŻҹö˿УԵҹ׶顣
ͤҰг˼Թ
ΪʲôвңΪʲôϦ֮һǻ㡣
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ôĲԸҲԸܹϦһʵôҲ벻ͨΪʲôǸ˲ҶϦȴֻһ𰸣ҪңںҵĹִҵ˽ֻ֪Ϊʲô
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һ٣˫ָĵ׺Ϊˮȴɽơ
ԭˡҿЦ氮һŮӣҰôУôǲҲô롣ҹգ˼˫ֹϵ˿Ϊʲôþ÷ôأҹ̫˰ɣںվţӿˡ
ЩôᶮЦһʥİ£߷ߵ߿žҹΨһ˻վں֮УҪץסЩƮĳ˼ȴ
˵㲻ҪѾ˼Ľӽǻɱ˵ġүӾʯ߳һŨصľζЩ֮Ůӵ֬ϢҲüͷ˺
ôôЩǰұһǣŨŨľζҵϡ
ū澲ңҲ˿ͷȰү󲡳ٺЩƵġ
Ǻĵȴû뵽ǵ飬ӵĵôߣڹıҹɫЦŽͷҵľѣţůůıϢɴḧŴ缡
үˣū澽үȥϢգ˫ȥţȴס
ҵģ׼Ա˶飡ѹҵļϣһ˵
ǧ촽ͳүˣū澼ǵԼĳ飬ôᶯ顣ղ޺۵Ļɬһ顱֣Ѿˣٶˡ
үĶһ顱𣿡ɸжˣĿھʹŪʵ
ȻһָĽҵ°¹׶ĵĺ⣬˿裬һһᾹϢľһ𣬼ϣҡ
飬ߣŭ˲ľǣǿӲ˱Ӷᣬ˺ҧһֱʹĽг
үˣ˫ֵǰٵĴŴűȥȻˡ
ҵģȣǾƾˣЩʼվסţ˫ֲĽ§סңǹҶߣ˳Ųʪʪȵϸϸ˱ģģ˵ź
ſȫƵھʯϣˣ˼ڴ׼ȥȥȴңӲҵ֣˳Ƶϡ
ֻҲܸҪģʲôҲ㣡롣
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ĭˮǰֵľţץסҵ֣ʶɢǰΨһĻ档
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θͣһڵȫʪʪĿүĻУ˵Ҳ˵ЩʲôֻǰʵĿҴӵϱߡ
֪Ҫȥֻ֪һ·ĽŲ죬ǰ·Сߵһ·СܡͣҶߵϾ͵ˣϾ͵ˡؿڣϡ
ȻҲ𺮲
죬׼ѣСսžʹе
үҷŵϣһȺСѾ߾æҵΧʪ˶ЩԾæµĻ£ӵĲӡ
үҲȥ·ɡСеǵĵϾҲǴ󲡳ˣղִ˷磬Щǡ
ţӦߵſڳƬ̣ת׼ˮԡ֮ʹظ
ǣү
ϸµĹػЩܾܳЩôʵһֱصУҲûٺ˵仰
С㣬ô۾´ңЩ졣
Сˮˣڻʹ˼ѡҲŶĲڶˮǲˮ̫ˣЩ죬ò̫С
СҲ̫Сˡױ̨ǰȡҵΣ˿ٲк
ʵǲϲӷϲĳϣôҲѵˣټ;ˮľƣ˯һˣ֪ȤĽϻԼ䡣
ҹɫȡ
׺ôᶮ𣡡
ҵģ
ʲôҲ㣡
㲻Զ飡
㲻Ҫ룡
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޺ۣү
ģˣʧ䣬ߺޣһһŵҵǰ
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öˮҿˣ
͵شӴ𣬶ͷðŵε亹
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ÿ춼㣬ûʱ䣬׸ϳһҳˣҿɡٺ

԰輧1

ԴѣҾû˯⣬Ŵڴԣҹɫһһʧֱʽ¶⣬Ҳɬ˫ۣ
С㣬ôô磿ųȥǡ𴲵˫ۣ˸
šҴµʯϣ峿ĺҲ˸
Сϴϴɡߣˮ˵ҷ䣬һ棬̽ͷҡ
ƻסңĭҲ
šһͷ
ƽ컻˼ǳɫĿȹʽΪֻ࣬һȦŵ֦סķǰһģһȿҲ֡
˯ĺ𣿡ߵҸǰҵʵ
áҸЦŵͷ۾ɬеʹ
ˣүԸȻԺͲźˡƵ
źˣ͵̧ͷЩԾȴ֮С͸кܶ˰ǰźӦҲòңⲻҪԺû˷ˡ
ҪЩʲôأܲ˰ɡҺʵ
ү˵ֻҪÿϰˡѾܾû˿֮ˣ輧Ҳɢ˲٣ү˵Ȼˣþͺǰ輧úõдд裬Ժ󶨻ó
輧ǰһΣû뵽һתҾͳԺ輧Ҳգܱÿĺðɡ
һҹû˯۾صغȦ˶ٵķɾڲסüͷ̾СôˣǲΪүû˯ã
ûСҿЦŰο˼÷ɴϡ
С㣬үմȥˣȥǹҹǶԵģС㲻Ҫ̫黳ĵȰοҵ
ԭСѾͷȻΪүûЪϢôãһҪҡǿûЦļ磬ûҪȥ԰ǿ輧ϰĵطԺҲ͵ͬүһ輧ѣҲܺðҪˡ
С㣬İүһСģүôһбԭ򡣡С鲽󣬵
֪ˣҶЩҲˣÿʵҲͦڵİЦ
סԺճͿһſڣǰ
ĭܼңү֮ﵽ԰ȥ
ǣǾʹܼˡҴ΢΢ĵǣ·һͳȥˣֲ֪԰ģǲҪһ·ʹȥأɺˣʡ鷳ˡ
ĭ԰輧ǻѡ͸үģȻүδҹǣǵԭҲЩͷģЩӣĭﲻҪֲǡ
ǣĭס
ܼǰ·ֻǵôһһţһֱǰתתĿ̨ͤ¥ƹһܴĻ԰ıԵߵһԺſڡ
ˡ
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ĭҽɡܼǰ·ȣͷһˮˮ龰ǰҲٵȥ
ˡδŮӽ·ȴѾá
ܼҴСţѭߵһˮ̨ͤϣɢͤеŮеһźɫˮȹŮӵ
үԸĭү˵ˣĭֻ裬úõĵ̵̣үҪĳɹ
֪ˣܼүģһŮһȦһȦü
ĭһúѧϰҶԴܼ΢΢ǰԺ㡣
˵˵
ܼҽҽ֮תߣߣԭ㰲ͤи˷Ϣ
ү˵ҪŮӣһ缫޵Ůǰȫһ飬ĵҲˡ
Ϊүأһ磬û뵽ǰæһһΧߵŮӺݺݵһţɫѿ
֪үˡһŮˮеӰԼױݳЦ
ˣүȻ˻Ǿͺú°ɣѵүǵǡﻰЩ࣬תңֻĭ
ǣҽĭ
裬ĻЩʲô
ʲôҲᡣʵʵĻص
ĻǹﻹѧʲôԸ˵˵ʵ
˼Σ칬֮ʱѧ٣Ϊڽ͹һһ֮Ҳû뵽ġʱʵͻȻҲûʲô뷨ֻͺãĭʲôҲᣬѧʲôҪˡ
ãǾȴٿʼȻܽ㳪ص
㣬ҪСԱߴǸ缫޵Ůֱ۲ʵĵ
үȻԸˣȻҪֵġ
ǵǣ㡰ֻǻ͵ģͿܲѧˡ˦˦һƨʯϣŪĵ
ǴӽͿʼѧɡҵֱ۽Χߡ

԰輧2

Ȼ˵԰輧ɢ٣ǵ湦ڵģҲ˽ϰϣгһղүĳ谮ɡ
˴ļŮ⣬ΧɢżˣǶޢ껪ò绨
ǲѾͷһŹ٣ϵ̴ķʽβһ񣬴ɫմʯ׹Ȼٲҵǰ󣬿ǿҲǼƷĺˡ
ͤʯϣ˫΢գָˮ㻬üƽɽ˼ƽˮеĲźɫȹᶯ˵޾˼
ߵŮӽפͤеŮȣģ͵͵ĺĪСбͤķ羰Ȼ
һˣϢĳ˼
ãŻվҺǾȣĭ΢΢ףָü䣬̧ͷʱбžȻǹﻹڣʵʧˡ
ĻǺĭˣֻǣЩ
ùЦˡһЦֳ˼ӿͷ
ŸղʱЩŮӵĶԻүȷʵǺܾûˡи̾ԺŮӶԺ֮УŲʣǲЩ̡ϾǻôᣬҪһұ̾ճΣΣԺһжɿա
ҵĵЩŮĻ֮Ҳûôĵ⣬ϾүҲδټңҺ֮ҲͲ⡣ʱˣҲֻҵǱүⶪѾͷżҲԼӵչЩ
ŨÿԾɽ٣ʱС顣
ϲǳСͤУ۹η꣬жұΪ̰ǵķ羰ΪǶĹ°ɺӱŮӿвŵ֪𰸣Ĳǧ
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էߵǰϡ
Ȼֹ̧ͷҿ˰Σһ仰Ҳû˵֬裬԰ſ
ĭү𣿡
ɡϣվͤûһϣүǰڸЩʲôأ
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ǰүûģϾ㻹ءɬЦү᲻ġ
һ٣Ǿ죬ϣүԶҲʹһͦáÿɪ飬Ūڵĺܡ
㲻̫õġܼᶨĵҲ֪Ϊʲô뷨ѵүľôҿɲôΪǿѡҵϣȴ˵ܼҾʹүּˡ
ĭ磬ү˵Ҫûĳɹˣ֪׼û
شܼңĭûӣĭ׾ڻܳʦءҧص
ܳʦܼü˼ΣүǵſĭıأĪǹﻹҪү벻ɡ
ĭ֣̿ͷүĭǡæͷܼҽӴ࣬ʱԵʮֺͰȴû뵽һ仰⣬ȻǱ˸һЩˡ
ܼңһ»ҵ
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ĭѧδԼգ֪ɷ԰ĽһͬȥҲð׳׳ӡң˴ǻɰȣ֪ܼΡ̽ʵ
⡭ܼһ԰ãҶεĵĻشȴֻҪʹүſԣҵŰɡ˵꣬תȥ
ŮЩʧ̾˿߰˰˵ɢ԰޾ɡ
ĭ˵үͬ𣿡ŨױŮӽʵ
֪ү˭׼ءֻӦҪĻ
ҵϣүȻӦˣܼҲʱ԰䡱ըеŮӶط׼ԭֵĴͻȻžߵԺУֻΧﲻϵĴϲЦ
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ǣɱ֣΢΢һЦ̶˶˵ɱ飬⻰޵Ծһ顯֡쿴ͷڱʯڣ۾ҵӵɱ˲

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үǳˣһֱСģûй¶һ书ʽүס԰үһֱδȢޣĴε輧үҲֻ͵԰ҲֻҼүүʲôӶ֪ꡣ
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Ƶߣû뵽ﾹӵ˵˳֪
촽ˣֻǹĺðˡ˵꣬޺ۣԼҲ˰Ρ⻰ƺǳϦĿаɡ
üͷ΢壬޺۲ԡ
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ǣһμôңûоǧ֮ĮҺɶҲ뵽ĽԭΪһֱҲмأʲôʱʼеתء
޺ۣǽ԰;ģѵñпУ㵹ǺãűȾƣǶ˵ү߳ͤ⣬žƱյһڣбۿվͤһߵ޺۵
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ԧ3

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С㡣ͷɫĵү˵С˯ţҽȥС˵
һ⻰ʱҲɺһƬɶүҧݺݵĻͷһۣתǸղ㶼ʲôȥˣô£
һᵽ˷ү׼õģȥӣһҲСſ϶ģҸղŰ϶ˢһߣɹˣСġݵһЦ
Ѿͷ̫ܵˡĻǸжôС˶ʲôΪôܵչչˡ
Сȥɣү̫ˡʼ磬
תöүĺڵӣҪһ㡣
ȥˣҪúõĴڷûʲôĻҪܣ֪Ҫʲô飬ǵƣӦڸġ
ƣᵽһ˵Ŀɬ
ƽѾȥΧˣղҴ֮ǰѾˡ
ѾȥΧˣô˵Χҿ϶ǻƵˣټ֪ҪôԲźá
ϣʵǲŵĺܣҲû취үɫѾԽԽѿˣٲߣҪˡ
սսİϣᱳʹĺѹҲֻǰરવƻţүͽյǰ˼ͣ˵˵羰ĵңһ·ͣͣĺľԭ˷ͷ
ĭҪһƥˣȻʲôʱܵΧԶЩͲסˣ顣
ұҲû˵ǴġƲƲС죬С۰
²࣡
δ䣬Ҿವһһ䵽һϣ񱼶ȥԶǣţ
һͷһү˫ִӺҵһߺһ˳ȥİԶǣҵС޺һֱһٶȣĸҡ
һүΧԾȻһȴôһŮǿЦȴˣԭûΧʼ׼ˣүյΧǾѾվӭˡ
ү鰡ҲүΧԣҶ˶һ˲֪ǻ䣬ԭӪеĽʿҲˡһʱҪΧԵģһ׼ġ
үһн׼׵үЩʳΧˡȺУһϮװǰ
ãȻ׼ˣǾЩɡү
ȺɢԣүŰԶ޺ǰ棬˴ʣһноʱһ㡣
˵Ǽ򵥵ĳЩЩȴЩƷζҲҲǾ׼á
ү˳ԵĲֻ࣬˵ǴԵʱ򲻻ˡһ·ʱܾĥûӺúóЩҲǿЩδůȣүҲԵòˣǽͿǴˣñʧǡȫԻͬҿƣԸʹ죡
˽վүװ

׻Сޣ1

꣩
㻹ѵҪһ𣡡ҷ£ķ˿Ķ
ȴɫį۾ű𴦲ҷŭ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ֪һֱŵ˾Ȼơֻƺݺݵĵһۣ漴ƲͷȥԶ
ǰǲǺҪõ𣬺ιʣ
ҹĶԻѵйءЦҹҷǹڵʱݺݵ۸֪ڣ糿ȥʱֹ߹ʱ֣Ϊֻ޺۵ע⡣ȴû뵽˽ƵĹϵŪȤˡ
үū澲䣬ȥ˰ﲻʲôæܻүڽʿ鷳ūӪΪүͽʿ׼ʳáĭڽĿתϣį
ҵСĭӣʧȥ鶯Ϣ
ǱһҪȥأϣ̽ͷ
ֻúҧһƬ˫ȭүαǿѣūҲֻΪүͽʿľ˶ѣūֻ׸ū澲׸ǿѹŭЩЩš
ĭСĭ
ĸ߰ͷϵգֿһĨЦݣ˵Ǹ
񱼣ʿһƬƬĳӪֻԼĿӰԾɴվԭء
ڲδ붬кЩҰĴĻⱱΧʼһΣǵһġǰãҰ޼ôһ˾ţҴܡ
ݡʿ׷ҸϵĺҰ޵ֻѰ˳ƫƧĵطŻҰҪȻܴٻȥѴֻ֮ڻֻ뿴ô档è׽˼Ĳ׽ԵŪֱŪûΪֹ
үûһֻءԶߵһЦٿѾһֻС¹յĵѪɱá
Ѫɫƺܾδһʱ伤ҵȤڸǻᣬȻˣǿɻеĻһЦӦ
үĻɲҪ˵̫ˣҿǿ޺һͷС׻أ˵ȻүٶҲûǰ׻ëɫѵһİԶĳ޵
׻۾ڤ˼ﻢǻУǰ׻ôϡҰ޳ﵹЩҳԾݰԶ˵׻ûôĲһ㣬ҵҪȥ
һδ˵˱Ҹżæʵ޺۽԰׻
ǰǻѵ𣡡ԶͷװĶƵ
ĻѣƲôһֻ׻ˣ뿴ȥ˵ţεĿңֻһ仰
ˣǾһȥɣǲ֪Ƕȥ˻᲻޺۵ˡ˵ЦţһŰԶָ·޺۵ķȥ
һֻëѩףŽɫƵۻ֧ѩѩ׵ɷǺÿ˯ھʯ֮ϣ޺۾վĲԶҸ̾޺۵Ӣ¸׻Ķ˯ôȣǲһءҵĴǰȣй֮޲
һЦǰ޺۵ļôãɻЩʲôŵˣô֣
޺۾վţ˵ţͨİ׻Щ죬
һЦ׻˺Ȼͨİ׻ˡǵϸʱסˡ׻˯ѣ۾ǰǣ϶۷һ⣬ŵǶս˽ԷͻȻϮΨҺ޺۷ֺδ
㣡ҴȥĶ԰׻
СſС˷䷨ǲȴǰˡ׻˸Ƿ죬Ծſھʯɹ̫
ô֪⣬ѲҲ͵͵ڤСֿڷˡЦ̽ʵ
׻ݺݵƳһۣȻмŤͷȥСӴ˻С˯ʱרѰСӣСӵʱҲõˣûȥ˰ɡҪٲȥ֪ҪСˡ
ô˵֪ˣұʵﰵϲ
ȷʵ֪ɣһֱսսģ֪𷣡ֶС֪ģСӿɻĿɣ౻𷣡
ɣ࣡죬̾˿ģɣҵĸܷǸ֪˽Ҳ̫ΪϾܲңһɣôȰأ׵ģԲԡˣԾЩɣ࣬ҲʱӦôɣһġ
СôִԲѵⷲʲôǣ㣬ųٳٲϹ飿׻̾˿ǰצεĿҡԶΪ׻жܲĳֽǰҲ޺ңĸվһš
ǣңҵͷҲ̾˿ҾΪҾڡһвǸӵӰңҲҲŻǣҡֻΪΣǿңʹӵռԾɿҡ
ԽǾǧ֮⣬ҾԽҪռԽҪۣһʱĸоŻҵĴڣŻҡ
С̰ˣ׻Ĵ˸Ƿҵ
СֶʲôڵһЦѳȥ
СӲȥС޿ҪǿнСϻȥˣȻȥҲҪɣೳ˯ȡ׻˵һƵľͳ
Զһָ׼׻ɱ
׻գգ۾ңЦֻЦӺѿֻǻҵСҲңСӾͲҷǣ

׻Сޣ2

££۾㲻ģɱ㻹أǲǡ
׻˼ֹڵϣݺݵ˸ҡҡͷѹСĪҪΪСˣҪǷƢС޿ǳе𰡡
ǾͲҪеˣһⷲһΡҲǰİԶ޺ؽҳ˻ȥдˡۡ
һָǵľǰ׻СҵôءҽҪǣ׻ͻȻһԾվҼĵطȫëҡ
ôʲô˫۵ǰ
ǰС޶ֱСӰˡֻǣСӵȴôǰˣΪΣ׻ɣȴʱ̾ΧתȦ
ҲûʲôǸȥ˵㶫̯̯֣ν
񷣡СĻô׻֮ε̾˿ĵĵֲãֲСӵķôǰԭ˰С޻ΪС˷Ĺϵ
ǷǰⷲҲ˵ңҲδؾһֱĹǰŵð׻ӿʼ󳷣һ򲻹ҪӵӣǺЦ
δҷȴֻöߡಡһ׻شܵһߣһֻŲֱ˸ղŰ׻ŵʯС
˭ŭݺݵĻعͷѵ
ֻ޺еļһڲղʮֵһҵŭ˵ʼ
ǰ˫־죬ŭĿԲɵĶ׻Ǳģûб˭ҲֺܶûУ
޺ۻɨҵգȴΧᴽ΢үд̿͡
̿ͣսȭͷɻд̿ô֪ܲ
ҲνʣҾĻǰү㿴ָڵϵؼе
ҶһȷʵһֻϼмǱӲĽΪصģû뵽д̿ҪɱңҾȻûиоõǸ׻˵˵̫ˣû⵽ΧĶ򣬻޺ڣȻû뵽޺۾Ȼ㱾£岽ôһֻأˡ
Сӣ׻ƬĵطſڵϽңǸղż䵽Ĳ
ʲô£Ļһ䡣
û뵽СôСްװж˫ۣɾûһСӾ֪Ǽ˲СޣɻǿΪС޳ͷСǸжʹ顣ͷſǰϣĵ
ղ׻ȥĵģʵ˵жȻҴãͲΪ˶Բԡ¶յЦݣ
СҪСӵˡҲգС޾ڷСˣùСûСӴȥɣೳ˯ĺЩ׻εҡҡͷ˶ôΪľһ㡣ֻǣСһҪסС޺ɣİΣȻС޿ɳܲˡ׻ɫּۻ۵
ãұǣܸð˰ɣֻҪǲסҵͺá
׻ϣɨΧ紵ݶһζΧȷʵɱǱ
׻ҳĽһ
СôҪʹС𣬿ǲ׻̾˿Ƶ˶ϵӲݣ¶Ƥë
һĻᣬұнڽˡ΢΢һЦ¶
С˵ʲôʲôˣСǡ˵꣬׻۾һգʱĿ¶⣬̵ӷٵɨΧڲľҡ˲䣬ʮֻҵļͳǷ˵ǳʱ죬׻һԾסеļÿֻ跢˻ȥųĴҵĴҷɡ
Զƶ˿⾰һʱû˵һ仰Ψ޺ۻȽϵ򶨣ֻŹ͹
׻ǺͱԵܰﱾҹһЦͿԶƵľ֮ɫǰİ׻ԴԺڱ߿ɺð
㶵ĿŰ׻ͷҵĥ䣬޲档
áٶİ׻ļ米Ŷδһֶ೤ôķȥǰӵˣҹӵƽӵⰡ
ЩʲôˣΪλڴ˴ɱүƸ޺ߣüͷĴ̿ͣ૵ĵ
ȷǱ֮ˡ޺Ŵ
ſԲµ˭ƹбƳƳЩʬ壬ӿǲҰٿ׻ͷҺǺǵЦԭС޻ͦỤģֵôַɱ𡣡
׻ƵƲͷȥмĵСڹСˣ֪СһСӻǣҲС֪Сôʴȡ
֪һˣСӣΪ˲뷲ʱǷǣˡһڤ磬ôʹȥҺٺһЦǰ׻ҵ˼һƲСӿ֪˭
˳Ű׻ȥһϮµ޺۸ǣ˼ĲʱĻͷЩ̿͵ʬ塣޺ۣߵһ
׻һͷ޺ãĬĬѵСӾûŵйζ𣿡
ζҲӣŪĿŰ׻ֲ㣬ıô⣬ϳ⣬ʲôζѲǹ˵׻ʲôʱôȤˣˣղҲ˵ء
˵죿׻۾һ˿⣬Сӿɱ֣ϲҲǹһֵ׻֣µĿҵ۾һһٵĵ
ҵɴ۾Ű׻޺ۡ
Сĺôþûųϵ׻̾˿Ρ

Եˣ1

˵Цذɣ׻һ˵赭дȴĲȥһео˿һƾ⣬ĿΪ֮һȻ
ǲ֪Сڷ䶼Щʲô޺۷СɣСӾȻһֱû֣׻̾˿һǰߡССǶԵġ
СޣСɣĪǾǡҼ䲻Ըһμ޺۵ʱҾ뵽칬֮мǽӡΪֻѣȴû뵽Ϊʲôһֱδءѵ˵ҵ޷ʶ˵һ˼ĶСĭϣδ˼Ĳס
СҲϵ׻۾𣬻ͷ޺ۣ漴תͷʵ
ȥ칬ʱӦǽСɺһһģһҧгݵĵһᵽҾŭգСĭĻῴҡ
ԭû뵽ȻģˣֲСһʱûȴһϳСˣС޴СôΣ˹Ŀġ׻˦˦ͷ˳㶶˶ϵƤëֿ죬¶
ЩΪ֪Ļ˳Ļʵʶʲôʱ飿ûᵽ
ǺܾúܾǰˣõС޻СʱһʱһֵܹĿС޵ڤ絽ѲһߣСϮֲڤĵط˯ţ±ץԾ칬СǲмȥģСҲ˯ðġȴû뵽˯˯ֻñһʹΪˣСҲֻץץȴû뵽һٶǱ˴ˡСӸ֪ģС˵ֻҪС˯¶
ȷʵˡ׻Сģ˯͵ҪҵͷŰ׻
Сӿ֪ҵ˭׻ŭƲƲ޺ۣߵһ߰ͷ
ǹЦ
ȷʵǣʱСǣһСѾͷѾͷһߴңһߵƣСô۸СĭСӣ֪ȻСǻ׻׻һԾǰ棬ĺ
Ƽ״ĽϵĽ˵žͰ˳ǰ
ƣ˽ްġһͷƵĽƣʾպá׻˵ͷϣСͻˡ
׻˵˵ˣЩﾭôľšǰĶͷǰߡ
׻з޷޲ƽݺݵ˦˦βͽ߼Сֻ֪ܲñ˳˯⣬ܲñ˵۸ǹСô۸Сޣﻹ˳˼СһӾƵڵأʱСѾͷҲ֣ͽеСúƯȻСϲ˼ҿƯǰССﲻ̹С޵ķϣҲƽô࣬ԱߵĹСһ仰Ҳ˵С޾һƻ˹ȥ뻹Ǽ£ȴû뵽Ľ絲˻ʱĴС޶ô׵ķŹС޴ִڻ顣
ңȴִŵץס˵Ǿ仰Сô۸Сĭ
׻ȷСѾͷǽСĭ
ǽСĭСʲô׻̧ʵ
Ű׻ȷɵﰵţ¿Ȥˡ°׻Сĭֻ֪ʲôءСбŰ׻ЦܰѰ׻Сǵһ˵Ѳɰ׻Сʱȷʵ񹷣
׻Ц⣬Ťͷߵǰ棬β̵ϸߣǰΰεģ
үҪȥ𣿡Ƽ׻ߵǰ棬ҵĲӣҶߵʵ
Ȼûղ˱ôԱ޶⣬Ҳ֪ҲǼ°
ү׻ɱϾޣѸģһԶҲǰеĲ
޺ۣ˵أҵվԭص޺ǣ
ҿ׻ү޲ףȥ޺Ű׻һҡһݵβ͵ȥүʮͶԵҲʮֵԣ˵ү
΢Цŵ˵ͷҲô˵գתһԾΧԻδȴ˴ɱһ£ĺ¾ôıǻˡȻǲñúõңôҲкӹһҲȥ
ĽʿԱԶټȻԲãÿ˵϶ССĵЩջҲôһ⡣
ʹϹսѪĽʿҲȻη׻ŵˡһ·ϰ׻·ڽʿЩľ޲йԷͻȻϮֻȻһЦϣǲҪŵĹ˷֣òеļ˳ȥźáҲǻ˵׻ֻǵĸոչ˰׻£ǵղŶԸ̿һԸǲźá
գǳɢģȴһӵķջȥԭ׷СĭˣΧô¶ˡ޺ۼǹôҵСĭĽ񣬸òɡԴһ飬ôˡ񷣬׻᲻£װ׺ķôô鷳
һСĭҾŭôҲȥӣ޺۶СĭϤʱҾ͸ǡҿ̫ˣ
Щ֪̿ͣԺδˡ
⻰__________________________________________________

ɪŷЩΪ룬ܻϵϣ²ܼʱϴ½ڣϷҡǽܾĻɪٷһҳ

Եˣ2

Χʱ˵˵ҲˣǱԭȶµʱЩΧԣͲֶ࣬ҵΧԳӪػҲһˡǣ˺٣Ҳҵǰ˿ܰ
ԶԶĿⷬһӱ޵Ŀ񱼵ʱӪأĽʿҲƺΧ쳣һɨΧ
үòЩ̿͡޺۳ֽ嵭ɨǰ
̿ͣվӪ룬˫۽ܴһ顣ղŴ̿ϮҾ͸뵽ҲҵӪǣСĭСĭôˣҽȭͷָؽžž졣
Сӣ׻ǰԴʹźһĶҵʵ
ˡһ׻Ҳһǰ
ɱ׻ͺһһ죬˲Ӱ٣ֻɱԽԽŨء
֪˰׻ϵСĭǰ޺۰ԶΧ粽롣
һʣϸ΢ĴִһôϤȴҲİζҾ֪㣬ԭ㻹ôԲģǾͲҪֱûˣǰ͵ӣδ䵽ڣܾһƬɱ
ү޺ֱһһһߣֳֽѻɱѪǵྻ֮ϡԶǰԶĵطڽʿһסӿĴ̿͡Ʒ°׻վЩ룬Ǳ̿;Ⱥ֮УûͣЪĹ
ſңСĭ鼱´УŭĿԲī룬ȻСĭ⣡ҴһӴ˽ȥ
ʱСĭīڻָֻīסɶīȻ죬˵֪Сĭ˶ãķٶɢɢĴԺɫͨ죬Щ߳ŭŭ
·֪棬ҽûоȣЩο
ī룡ҷվڣʱֻˣȻͼȴڲȥԼϵζһضȻҰȻĽлιһ˿ĲţԳƵĵĮ
үȻ۽𾦣˶ϳīԽһߣסСĭȴּ˼ָ֣ؽ¶װ׵Ĺɫһ۵СĭСĳ
ҿСĭʹı飬治֪µ֡һӪʱԵŲӺݺݵĵī룡øӣ
ʱȴɽСĭڻУκεĻӽ
үֻգһԼԲްĻ⡣ֻգߣ֪СĭͲʲôգǰĺˣбŵĿҵŮˣֻŮˡ
Ѿ˴ɣ
ī룬Ƿѹ㣬ĺһ˿бۿĵĵ
ǿ϶ĵ룬ں
δλĲںֿǰһȴæһ˸Щҡ
룬үԣΪүҲˣ顣۾˵תСĭȴҿֱ졣
ˣһˣҴŭȻ֪үˣ͸֪ȾָŮˣ
͵ĲǰһֻѾ¶һλεǣԭȷֻҲ̫С˱
ҵֱܶһϵĻ档ȻһٶĲȰӽôͱҲˣɶҵġ
үСĭеĽסңǿ޿̡
ӻſū澣ūĭǺգھȥֻΪԼͽգοءū룬Ǻչ֪ԸΪ´үһжġֻū˵ĺչҲ֪ˣսҷΪ۶һ档ū룬չǸжӵ⣬Ҳͬӵ
СĭĻīһбįĿ΢סСĭҲ𽥵ЩĿ϶СĭôʱһڿɿӣüͷҲչ˲١
գҲǵҷſĴۡⱲӣ㶼ԭˡͷҵĳͷҴҲ޷ȥֲɵ˺
ˣమеĲۣӵġĭƲ촽ȴװ˵
ҿǻԵӵֻЦĻҲСĭ˵ڵôīҹӪʱڿīҪΪֻعСĭֵȥˡ
ԭǿѹ֮£֮䣬Ҳίȫʱ
Ҳɱ޺Ѿ̿ʰĲˡ
תīӽտһͿˡ˫ۻǰ۾ʼЩȴֲòװ򾲵ӡ
ү˻
ƫͷƲƲɫ˲ò԰ףвȴֻںޡ
үԶе
ɾˣЦĿīʵ
Ѿɾ̿ȫɱһһǣЩ˿˿ѪζСĭšüͷƲͷȥ
ī룬ʤѷ֣㻹ʲô˵
ܿܣһУЩĹ¡лү붨˵У޵ҧгݣ»ŲӣŻ
һ𣿡ҿŶСĵɫǵ⡣һĲöã㲻ûŶŮ˽飬ͷȴ¡
ү˵û룬ǰЩµĻԶʲǡü˲ɨСĭһ̧ǰźоѾľϡ
үÿ룬ҪȥˣһǶĶһĻ
֪꣬ǲκ˵İڲ

Եˣ3

ȥߣղСĭסңѻɢȥ
վԭأ۾СĭϵУֺҾ֮أ
ү˼ذףͷСĭ˵ʲôƾԾԲٳҵǰԲԣ
֪˵ЩʲôֻСĭܲмŤͷȥеıƽСĭĲۿžҪѪ޿ֻ̣΢һķͿԽأָһϣҪȴֻð׻ֹ
׻ΪΣŭ
׻Ի˲䣬īСĭһ˲Ƶ˴⡣ҽĲӣƵֻòˡ
Ѿûеֻûϵſվŵİ׻вԶҵĽʿǡղҲɱ㣬Ҳô׾Ϳӵĳȥ
е˶վſʮ֮ңĵطû˸ǰ벽бһ׵İ׻Ҳ֪ΪθղŰԶֻңûнԭſڰ
СӣԺɲҪٻôķźãһСӵ٣СӾҪùˡ׻Ťͷȥ۾īСĭЩĲʡ
үҪˣ鷳үһƥī׻˵Ȥ˵ʼЩҲǣ˭뵽߾Ȼ޿أ²ҶҲɽŰ׻
ߣī룬㵱߾ߵĵط𣡡˫ָվԭĵĳڣаȵһЦҹŵõ塣
үģҧ촽۾һգգɨΧ촽ɿݵķѩסеָԾڲһп˵СĭˣҺǸȤҲСĭˣ˭֪ܼá
׻Ҵ׻ϣСҪŮӰȻɰõ
׻ĻعͷңĴ˸ǷզզСӾͲСһһֱôʹСޣС޵Ǿûڤɣ̹Щ
׻΢΢΢Ц׻ҡҡͷεǰС𡣡
ɫ׻Ҳʹˡ
ī뿴Ű׻ƣŵĶˣһذ׸СĭĲصĻζľս׻ȴٳٲϳ֡ʲôأȵ
СӣŮСôЩʶأСȴ벻׻Դڤ˼룬ȴôҪĹͷЩ
Сĭ
Сĭ׻͵ĺһŻī롣ֻһ£ǰذ׺ؾСĭĲϻȥҲʲôĻһȥڴʱҲͬһӰһץסСĭʱҲͬʱסī롣
޺ۣСĭе
Ϊж޺ۣȴҵĴڣһܲľȴлֶû˵۰Ͱ͵Ŀ޺ۣѵ˵θ޺Ӣ۾
ҷ˦ֱֻۣһʹͷֱۡ
ĭû°ɡԶƿ׻Ҳܹʵ
û¡ĭСΡΡ˵
ڽʿī뱻ܣ׷Χ
үôã޺ޱҡ
ôã°īתһȦͷˣһӵͷ϶ҵͷЩ˭۸ͷǶ϶ϲˡɱ˰ɣɾһһٵĵ
㡭īҧݺݵĵѵͲ𣡡
ҹЦȻ˵īΪγڱΧӪڣīôǲôĴ̿ıīΪνٳֱŮвīΪμװ̽ҳӪּٽΣ֮ƭ˱ȥ˱˵Ӧô˵𣡡
ī뾪ǲȴһ仰Ҳ˵ֻ
޻˵ˣվǰЦʵ
ī˫Ŀƫȥŭҡ
룬ֻǸ֮ˣʱӦðһ̵ЩǣЦ绨ȴ
Ҳɣɱ֤ĸҡ޼׵ľתȥӻ֣޺ۣɾ
ǣү޺Ӧ
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һղžʱֻ޺۵ӰҾͺߡĵſҵĴ𡣡л˵û˦¼ֵ
үɷӣ
³ļȴûҵͷü⣬ʵʲôҪ
Сĭźī룬̾˿ĵүҲΪѾ˵ֻս²ȴҲǴͲϰܿࡣĭϹǰߣʿʹģľүΪıĭʹͷ˵
ֻΪˣǳ鶯û뵽㵹ô֪ˡ
У˶٣̧ƤɨüһۣѸֵͷȥĭүΪıĻҲ˳顣
飡
Ҳ֮⣬漴̧ͷīүηŹӺܳ׵ĭĭ˵һΣū澲ǺգԺҪūˡūԺճķϲүԺҪ飡

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ĭ
Ҫ飡Ķ˵꣬ˮ뵣æͷιȥ
ΪͲܱ֮ǰԺյ飬ֺ覴õİΪҪҿΣ£յΪעðֻΪ档Ҷ˵Ҫһ뿪ʱ룬յľѾûˡ
ԭΪ˻뿪ȥе֡￴ʱȻһ˿ľϲԭҲֻǺգʧȥһѰһǡ
ˣ飡ˣ
Ųȥīľүŭ
ֻʱտյģͺһ㣬ȴ޴ӡ
ΧʿԣյΧԱҪղɢġΪ˴ɱ飬үû飬ڽʿ׷ױԶǲؾӪУиԷͻȻϮ
һзԸ׵үҹ·
һ·үзƣҲ˵޺۲ү࣬ԶԶĽں档ҲգͲ˦ں浹Ҳ徻ֻΪĭ˵Ĳã칬ۿŹϦ⣬ⷲ仹īֹ֮˵˺
յ£Ҷ̾Ϣ
ͻȻһӰĵҵСͻĶ쳤ǰһƣؾͽҴ˦
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δʲôҾͽʵʵıˤ˵ϣȫ£ĵֱʹ
׻үȵ
۽ǼᣬֺҵĨ˸ɾſǰԭֻүΧԳİ׻˵Ҳ֣֪ΪŨĻĻôүĻôһ͹ԹԵߵүȥˡѵۣ׻ҲүһЩȣȻ²
ҰԵͷԽԽĺ䣬ֲûôͶԵֻǣԴӼ׻ҾͲӽôܸоʲôƵģʱʱһֺܹңͻȻܳңѵĭǻƽȮ
ԽԽܣī޷ͻİ׻˵ңҡʹ۽ĵӳЩˮ
ͻȻһˤ˫˵أʱѾʼѪѪɫգۡҴӻ˽ϣѪȴһֱͣ
үǰͷ¹⡣
ҼѵĴӵϥǴһҲʼ˿˿ʹˤĲᣬȽϵȻˤĸˡ
޺߷ͷҵƵ㲻ˡ
ﰵ룬ѵҪŻȥɡвУӸߣƵĻλȥɡ
޺۴һϸϸİҰ֮ϡķ˿޵Ĵҵϣǻҵġ޺ۣ޺۾ȻΪҰǲΡ˵֮ǰΪǡѡӣҲûǰô룬Ǵʱ˿ȴΪҰ
⡭̫˼ˡ
ҵɴ۾޺۵һһһжֻξ
سǣ
޺۸վãү͵ͷһȣ۷ŹĶϵĽ
ǣҧƵķϥδվãֱ۾ͻȻĳʹ˺һ㡣ȴ䵽ůůĻС
ûôʱ·Ϻţ֪ԼѾү
δ䣬ǣ񱼶ȥ޺
ճʱҲΪԼһȥΧԳԼˤֺһȥԺҪѧźãȻ֪ԺǲǻôңÿʱԸ˵ʱһͼ
үΧԳʱͲãҲ֮Сôõʱȴ˴̿ͣصӪΪҶв黹ǸءֻϣڱһӵŭҪźãûãղʱδ̫Ļ
воһ
ΪīƶһвүһףôǲӦúЦȪˣȻǳЦīΪǡ
---үȷʵûвҵǻҡʵһллǡΪҪңѵ˵ҶҪҪΪҪЮ
ҡҡͷԳЦֻһŮˣҪߴѴѶǣֺαΪҶɱīĻᡣңҲֻΪүκҪЮүī봥ϣȻǲóѵģԺүôźá
ҲеҶµĲ࣬ȴһ飬ǾŭվҪйҵϣ˭Ҳʶôһīеʣ˭Ұ·ˤسǵʱ䡣
ҹˮž߿ҵţһɺζէϮ
үôҹūˣ˫ֽץŴӣ˿˿˿Ѫ
һ仰Ҳ˵˫ָŹϣơֻӽĶңڵҹԽͻȻڻ⧲£˺ҧ˱·ҪеĲȫйû뵽īȻ˶Ĳ죬֪е׻жٵŭδ
ҹ
עˡ
峿Ѿڲϣߵıӱģ˺ܾá
ȫʹѣ֮˻δãϥǶѽİ̺ۣҹֱĲ˲٣ʹ

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ᣣһѾ޼ɵ˽͵ľѣģڶʲôʱˣ
Ҳ˼ʹæļ𴲱ߵӵһߣȥѰոô·ȴûѰѵΪүԵʣû𴲣·Ҳû׼
ߵ̧ȿˮһ࣬ģƿһһˮҲûСô£ˮûúȣʲôʲôʱôˡεҡҡͷѾͷҲ͵ʱˡҲգԼȥˮɡ
·ʰ׵ճžơû뵽ʱ仹ܿʵҳһ֮ǰƸ˵Щ㿪ȴӭۣѾֻᲽǰƣ簡
б۾һۣߵ磿ˣū澿ûôү˯þ˯ã¡
ƣҡ⻰ôıŤҲüͷҲͽͣԽԽڣ粻صĺá
Ƽû˵Ŷ˦˦伲߳СԺܲмͬһԡ
ס̧ͷͷģԺٲˣôƲôأǿհ
ԺҿҲûҵүǲȥҲûңǽֱȥ˰ɣҾʹ󲽵ĳү鷿ȥ
ȥ鷿ȽǴܼһ·ĿȥġȥˣȴûԺſڼܼңѵ˵ܼæûٵŮȻһ·һεܾһ㣬Щˡ
յ鷿ſڣŵĴƼٺֱЦЦҵЩ˼ˣһĳٵ˵үŮְ̫
ĭү濴౾أȥɡ
лλˡεЦЦҪŽȥòףתСʵүΣĭ˲ײϰɡ
λһЦ¶ү˭׽͸ΪֹүһֱܰʲôҲû˵ȥֻҪ˵϶ʲôġ
⻰ҵЩģŶллλ磬ĭȥˡ
һŶ롣
վſҸūĭү
šֻϺһԹ˵Լ顣һһ౾ͱӵһߣ˳ͷҿȥģôô౾òᶼһĵİɡ
ʲôҲ֪ϿѸãѲЩҪԼʰ۾Ƕ౾ʱȴܲ˵ŭŵ̧۾ëʣŭĿҡ
ǣһæߵȥ౾һһټһһѵͲܽ౾֮úõôѵЩ౾ҲŲ£Ҫӵϲġ⿴Ŵ絽ôģʲôҲ˵Ͳʲô飬Ժֻ˵ҪԼЩɫС
౾֪˶٣ʼˡһǱһģҪҲҪһطӰѵ˵Щ౾̫ǵ㲻ˣҲҳĥ㣬ĥңûҪȥĥ˭ܳ
òߵ౾꣬αϣſھ͵裡
ұŻ౾ֱЩɢҵͷĹڶǰһϲڣүҳͷôæ˶Щɢҡ
һ裬ҵһˡ
үūмүһ¡˲ŵֱߣ̽Եʵ
˵
һûҵʱ֪үǲȥ¡ūû֪ǲүһû˵ֻ꣬žһһӵˮӡ
ҺҺҲļʱŪʪһϵ౾ֵү϶Ҫҵ鷳
˵±ûһʹˣֻʹѾͷˣǲǡǳĵ۾ҡɢһϢ˲
ū澲ңֻǡæɾϵˮգĶ۾һ򶼺ܹԣȥ϶ȸһǵش˶ֲ࣬ϤĵطȻӵСġֻҲһξ챻ǲȥ£ǽ졣϶ϲôҵģڻûˣĿܾбǲȥ£ҲҪ˭Ҫˡ
ӵƬ̣۾ȴûһ˿Ķѵ˵ûǲȥ飬Ǹòᣬòʲô˰ɡ
ôһ룬ûֽ߬ţ˿Ҳû⡣
Ϊͻ𡣡ҵģŭ
һʼ룬ȫʼôãôͻȻĲˣҸǺãܾͻȻ֧һ㡣
Ҷ˫ĬĬԴҵɨÿһȥĵطվһ񡣡㵽أ
ھӪ
һҵĶ䣬ӪҲ˼۾ү˵ھӪ
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ȷھӪ֮УҧһһٵĶҵĵ
һ˵أࡣ⡰ӪȷʵǴ˵ģǸղšҺݺݵŭΪҪǲҡղ˭Բѵ˵ûʹĻʹҵ
̧ܲͷƳһۣߵǰбαϣ£ÿ˸ʲôʲôǽصġôˣ㻹˯Ų£ô鱾ô˭ءָĵȻѾͷˡ
ǲȥ£üߡ
ߣⲻѾͷӵĸĵ
ū澲ֻ͵˵ˣūˣүԷԸūȥӪˡҴǰͦվǰһϵ˿ϸһʹ
㻹бҪΪ֪ȥ˾ӪÿԶԼȥ˲ǡ
ҡҪתһ룬Ȼ֪ھӪҲͰܱ࣬ȴⷳҵ˷ģ벻Ϊŭ˭ǵһ鷳ҾƲү̾ԼĲҡ
һ죬үƺһĴʹңԿ¡쳤̾ԭŮɣֻҪӣʲôҲʵ۸ʱͦû֮ǰھӪеӣ뻹˿˵˵˿Զӣ˵ԶͲ
뵽⣬ˣԹԵĺǺЦ
Ȼ񣡡
һ㶣תһЦݾͽϣξܻģжЦҲЦˡ
̾üС鲽ǰĵūĭ
ߣɿˡôţүǰүǵˣˡ˫ֱǰֺĽѵ
Ϧ̫ԸӽҲֻڶѡ⾻һֻһѾͷ˵ǿүôҲǿŶ˵𡣿ƺүȨ󰡣ôֺα
ѵôھǶѾͷˡ
ɡңȴһ˵һߣͽڰգջء
һ£Ǿŭңۺ޲ýʬΡʱ浣˵ŭ᲻̫ˣʲôһסѾͷߵأЩ档
ū澸ղү飬û⵽ˡҹ֮ǾѾͷ
ȻЦЦǾͳɤӵһһүǲǲС
˵ǣūү²ֻүҲǡ֪Ϊʲô飬ҪҪū澽ȥүǲпգʡү̫æһˡʵֻվһߵãүֻվҲ۵ĺܣүū澻ڣӸʲô౾֮Ľ˾ͲˡҲ֪үǺͶģūʹɾͲˡҵüǳЦЦⲻ¶̫࣬һСĽ㼤ĹͷɾͲʰˡ
㣬㡭ָңĽͰ˵
ңңôˣ㡣үôҵ˿ԷйһˣѲһűƾ˵ү⻰Ҿ͸ö㣬úõĽ硣ôۣѵôһôȻˣҸŲá
ֻǣҵĻ˵ȷʵЩ˷֡˳žƲȥֻ׵ҧ촽ɫɷףįˡ
㣬˵ˡžצ֣۵ס졣Ȼعȥεֱۣϧֱе
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ĭȥ£ôһ͵үʱ˵ĳﰵпࡣôղұ۸ʱ㲻ΪŮܵίҰίȫ˼ˣˡ˵׼˼һ״㻹Ϊ̨Ϊء
үĭ
㣡ᰵֹ
ֻþС죬һӵĻӲı˻ȥǲġ
үүҹͻˣүղŻǲǳʲôˡƣӯӯһѿɽзƴӰ١
ûʲô£ΧʱδЩñ᲻ȤԾͶˡүĺŪȥƲƲ죬ﰵţ˱˵ﲻô̹˰ɡôõ죬ûֻ̿ͣԡΪΧˡ
ȶԵʱٸëүߵߣ֫£ߵķ˿һĻǵɴ۾ү治ñܻ䣬ô˵ǰɫͨһĳһۡ

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ү˶ū澵Ҳһ߿ţ˼ҵ顣
˾ԶԶվţҲô˻үħƣҸطһ滺滺顣
ֻǣ˿죬Ϊȴһֺɭĸоʵ˺¡һתͷȥһֻ׻۾ңϸ۷¶ɫ
㡭
֮⣬һⲻүΧԳصֻ׻û뵽Ȼ⡣ղүûм׻أһʮƵġ
ŵεЦŴӰ׻ƹŭԼ鷳ȥү˵׻ҵˣԶԶĿ̸ôšҲͰȻٸ˵Ҳ١׻ǻ˯ţһʱ֮Ҳܲȥ
صԼķ䣬ĵڴϣʹѡ
С㣬Ŷ룬
ҴκʵǷĺܣӻδֱֵˡ
СôˡǰָҵĶͷ
ûôô
С֣ȥӪˣôôͻˣһΪȵŻءƣĳһĨЦƵı۾˸Ƿ
үֻǽ˱ȥûʲô飬ȥͻˡ
ŶֻǱ鰡ԭֻô򵥵飬αһҪȥҲھʹȥôˣһͱ顣ҾС죬ݺݵ롣
С㣬ֺ㵣ˣǲǡʹԴЩĵղŵ˷ܾһ˲įɫ
ţȷʵĲ٣ΪʲôءҵͷС۵ϸϸƤ
СԭԺ᲻С˵ȥġү
Ҿ֪үĹ֣϶˵ֱӾȥ¡ҵôã޷Ǿż
ްġԺʲôҪǵøһٵľͺˡɱ¥ӵĶ࣬ĲǡֱۣЬӣ¾˱ղžֻбڴϣôˣ˵ôһԽ˯ˡ
˵ͷҰѱӹãڵϵЬҲһڴߣ֨ѽĹųȥˡ
ҹû˯ãһֱʹ˯ˣԴԾһֵĻطյĻ棬һҲͣЪȥľû˸ղô˯⣬ֻԴǵȴ۾
޺۹¼ŵʱʱ䣬һ䡰Ҫʱ򿿽ɱ˵ġԾҵĶ߻صɱ˵ģڴʱΪΣҹ£˼ȣΨΪ顣ΪǸ˵޺ۣ㾹˵ΪΪ顣
ǷѪĽϵϵЩţˮ龹Ǵֻͫ֡Ϊһѣ㾹˱仯Ǹϲ
ΪΣת˲䣬ȴ˹Ӱ
ʱСĭ㣬ǺСĭ
УǷԾֻϦĴڡ
Ӧúģ𡣿ΪΣȴʱ㡣
֪Сĭжʹ
Ļ䣬˿˿ȵŸɺԵġָ⻬գƽůΡĴƹϷĵ飬ǵĸµʱڿֵСĭֺ뵽ɽյģʹ޷ʹ
үаȵĻȿҵսľֻΪһ᲻үݣʱΥ˼Ż˴𡣿ѾԼݣ˳ΪλҪҡǰݣһüͷ
ָգʹ˲Ϯ˭ҵӲĽҵָүϣ۶ҵģءܵĿ񶳽һ㣬ûһ˿졣
үԴЩءЩ΢ʱ̴˸ϵĺδߺɫԽġ
ͱ˵Ŀյ͸˯һʵñԾҲҲѾͷˣҵ֣˵ĹͻȻӴ˿˿ʹȴ
ū֪ˡ´Žվڴϵ
ҶűߵЬӣﰵţȻȥЬӴﲻţƫƫЬԡţҲùȥЬӣֻôš
мҪ㡣һ˦ƹߵ
ҸȥЬӣһʱ˵Ŀô֣أͷһ⡣ҲЩ棬ʵүū˵ʲô
˵ڱҲЩʱգȻѾǱˣΪ檡Σб۾Ʋҵ

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檣ҾһԶ
ô˹ͷˣ۾΢䣬аȵЦ
檣ˣЦ
Ҷ㵽Ӻ棬Լǰ̽Դڸǲסȵɫʵүū澿Цɡ
ǳ鴤Ťò߳ЦΪ㿪Цйȥ顣
ǺǣǺǣһū澿ЦˣүҪĺáȫʼð亹أԵɵЦǰһжֻãϣһֻΡ
ʵЩֲˡ
檣ô鷢ҵϣ
˵Ҳÿ£ô𣡡ĿңߵĶգ䲻ѵɨһ磬ֱ򺮲
а룬ɲÿռʱͼ廨Щÿջʲô֮һʱʱǲˡܻдϡŹ֣߰顣ҲͶûйȥЩԼԼû룬еûţôôࡣ
ƲƲ죬С̧үֻֽգ𡣡ߣһ˦󣬸ֶȫɢϢ㱼䣬ΪѾ١
Щ׼Щ·ŶԣҰ롣
ƾĳΪĻӦΪ𣡡ЦŭʤЩŭ
ū澵ĳҿɬ
ǰճ¥ĥĺۼڶͷϿţÿն꣬ôǡ
֮ŮŹ㡣㣬ֻһ¥Ůӡ޸Ĵҹ㲻֪ж٣檣ҲԶԶʸ񡣱㣬ҲֻŪô뵽Ҫ㡣ұ»飬ôʱˡӣһһ·ҵĿϡ
ȻԼҲԸΪ檣˵һ־ĵʹۣĺء
˵ֻΪ㣬ǲǸҰҪ裬űӵλϣٻ󡣡
ң͵̧ͷĶ
үȻ̽ū澣αأҵüǳЦۿȴƲסᡣĭô̰ٻȻӲ칬ĭȴûΪΪū澶еֺҪ뷨̫ĭˣңҵֻΪǣңĲӦ
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ǵһμ̻ʣ˺һŻЦЦҲѧҵӣڴڵĳⷹʲôζһĳԲ
飬ǰŸ̤ү鷿źȴֻƵүԸźү԰
ޱ飬Դǣ˦仰ͷҲصĳСԺ
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С㣬Ҳ뿪㣬ǡͷ۾㾧ӨҲȥԼҲᡣ˸УܲܰѿΪļ䣬ЦЩ
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ˣһߣҪ׼ЩӪȵʲôǴȫЩáߣȴסС㲻׼ʲôˣүѾ׼ˣЩ͹ˡǸʱŵİҿ
ү׼ģЩʵ
ţһܼҸ˵ү׼ЩȥӪʱãԭҲţЩȷʵү׼ģܼûƭˡ˵Ž򿪣мʱҪ·ЬӣмΣȻʲôصĶȴҲһ⡣ھӪ֮УƽһЩĺá
ҲүϸģźôáҰպãЩ·ʰȫЩæµӰҾʣŻûᣬҴҵĳȥ
ƭ㣿ү֪ʱҸû˵ĵطúõһˡ
ү˵ǣȻȥӪūȻҲͲֻ֮ǰδ˵£ӦЩͷүˡҶôϣ̧ͷʱѾȥǲߣƫƫ׼ǰطվҲ˵һ仰
䣬үǵů͵ĵطȥɣǧ𶳻ӡȻԼߣǾ߰ɣֻԼһ徻һ¡
Ҳı𡣡Щѵ˵İ
үʲôʱ֪˼ģū澶ء뵽⣬ҾЩԼȻûүˣҿôҲ뵽Զǣ
ͿЩߣϴȥԶӪ͹ģһȷʵΪҪͷŹȥץӣһҲΪ˿ǷġȻϣѾͷͶ԰Զ㺣ʲôʱʼģ㶼֪͸ö֪ˡҵҷ򲢼վţ˭Ҳ˭ӡֱ¶ۼĲۿۣӣװ¡
ʲôʱʼأ
¥һμԶʱ򣬻ھӪҹӣү֮ʱѵİԶʱ򣬸ЩĲ֮ݽȥˣҪŰԶҶȥˡ
飬үԶ𣿡ʵ
ֻ˵ǲѾͷڸҲûʲôǲȥչ֮ǰҲھдİҲûʲô鷳ԶҲһֱûʲôչˣҲȴʹӦˡүһһ䲢ްڣܼžֻĶ
ū澴лүˡ
⻰ֱô˵б˼¡ͻȻ˵ӣعĿϷʵҲɵΪ֮һүղֻһʱļˡ
ү飬ɵūȥƷ΢΢ףϹϾȻѾ͵Զպûκ˿ԱвˣҲ֪ߵǺ»ǻ¡
ͻȻ֮䣬޺ۣҲٴңԼǹ¼ҹһ㣬쬵ġ
үǷ񻹼ǵãһ뵽ǴνӷϲԶɫǺܻİܳԽġ
үЦƲ⡣
֪ԶΪҪӪУԸҲԸظôһ˵ҵҲ˼ֺ棬̽ʵΪΣѵ͹йء뵽Զ飬ЩѰζ
ԶֻϾǹܲӡķڶǰԶĻҲŷˣá
ձ£ȴɨ棬ʣǸúúõˡߣָյžž졣
ʣ㣡
үˣ̧֮ʱǰͻȻһӰδͻæεˡ
εˣү۵ˣʵʲôʱ飬ȥ
͸ոգȥˣɫ԰ף֪ι취ǲѰ
ȥеű
Ȼ䣬ֻƺôģÿμǶһĸоѵǷ޵ദ֮ྴ
԰֮ʱ뾡취Ҫ
ᰡ㡱ү
˼ĺܣҴй񣬾ݵĿү
ô£
үһֱúõģɾ͸ղţ԰ӵʱͻȻεˣūҲ֪ʲô¡Щļ˵ʱĻͷ
ô˵ү̧ʴ
үֻǻɼʲôš˵Ӧˣɲ֪ΪΣȴٳٲҪѵļ󡣡

3

үԴЦɼǹĻȾ˵Į·ǶԴһİһ㡣
үĿүڴϵĿΪȴһ㵣ĵɫѾͷӻżôԶԶվţһҲǰ
տȵ˲׼뿪Ŵ˵껰תߣûһ˿ñᰣɴ۾ſȴûг֮ǰүô۵Ժ˵ôүȻ˵Į
㣡ֻöߴһϾ͡žһ»ûκεɣԭػĸԼۣ
㣬Ͳ᳹ҹδߣѻǰŹž͹үô֪ܻ߳ܺ䣬ǴҪˣǲǣ޵滨ģϧֻǣԩζĺܲء
ڿ˵ҹΪҳ޺۵Ժվһ˵ҹүܽߣҶվһѵΪվһ˵ӣŲ𣿴˵ġţȻΪңȻˣֺαүҡεΪҺүΪҺ޺۰ɡ
ԭôĲȻˡ
ЦԼҲүһЦ˹ȡ
Ҳ޷Цޣһʱɵۣǣȴֻážһ죬ȸղյĸؼһ˵ϣʺѪҲǱˡ
ҲүһһĻ˱˭Ҳûʸŵڳÿһ˶Ĺڵϡ¥һֱôˣټˣû뵽ξΪҳͷΪҳͷͷЩжжĽ޺˵鶼׵һߡ檵̽ҵҲ׵һߣеĲ춼׵һߣֻݸжǧѵһ£ҶҪúõĸжһѡ
һǳŵıᰴʱҲ𵽣һ߲ǰȥ㣬үеүϢŭ̫ţû˵ȥۿžӵֵȥɫɷףѡ
һƽ˵ĲᣬղŻʢתۼͱú
Ƕߵˣ˲ڴΪҪұ˵鷳﾿ûбһȣ˽ѹӣԼ̫ͻѵ
Ǳˣֻбʸѵžһŵþմӵֵȥ
ֻչ˺鲻ùܵľͲҪܣǱңǿҪչˣڱͰؽΣ֪һ仰ǽŸ壬ȷʵʲôĵط
ŵö˵æͷлү
ߣүһ˦䣬תţ˸ղŵľҲٴξӹ԰׵Ҽ԰ܿŵľ㱻ųӣҾЩֻһƵûװҺúõĸжһѣ˾ıӡֻǿлЩ̣һƴȥһŮ˵ƺ̫ˡ
ֻ̾үӲϧ񡣵Ȼ⣬̬ʱܺʱֲģѵǶ˳˲ɡ
С㣬𣿡һģ͸Žҡ
֪ձ븮ȥӪӣүŵŻʱѾ˯ˣһݶûú˯ĳ٣ӽûÿս𴲰ͷˣ뵽⣬ɬ
ͷһβԼ𴲵ءѹͷ޵ĳ嶯ߵǰȴס
Сˣ峿أ͸˵ɡҲƴЩҪ޵ǿ
Ҳգ˸УǾô˵ɡűϣָϸϸľƣŴӼʼĵεΣ޷ᡣ
ԺźСˣСҪԼúչԼŲµľС㡣վǰɳƵǰֵģԾ¥ϧӣŲµҲ㰡૵ĳڣɤںۿеˮģǰһС
ԺÿСԷСԼɲ͵ԡ
ԺÿСˣСɲͲ𴲣Сıүץ
ԺÿҹС̱ˣСɲľ˯£ԽԽ䣬һôҲûչСˡ

˵˺öö࣬ൽҲ֪ʲôʱѾ档
ҵȻӰûƺѾҵϰ˷һУʱҪ¿ʼˣ֪ԼǷӦ
С㡭ʣҲ˵ڡ
֪Ժ󣬷Ҷע⡣ĨϵᣬЦɳȴñȿ֪ǲǻŻ
һ¡žĹ˵ϣ죬̹ǡתҪţֻС㲻Ҫűߵȴʼû򿪡
ʲô䣬
С㣬Ҫԭ£
йأҪ𣿡ʡ
ŴֽģĿݺݵĵ˵ͷţ
ԭ㣬ʲô飡ҵĿ϶ûһ˿ԥֻΪҲʱлںޡֻǵ໥˵ʱˣá
С㶼ʲôԭ𣿡
ҲʣҲҪ˵֮ҲǺúõģʲôҪˡ
С㡭
һֱ뿪ҶĻûпţһֱվź󣬿ӰһһʧһӱĿտյģһ̱˵ϡ

ڤ壨1

ûЩѰ˵˶ûСԾɶҲǣżײҲֻǷߺ޵񡣶ȴòÿ飬̧ͷͷᡣͻȻףΪһ֮ߺ޵ĻıӰҵľȻʹرᡣ
˹ɣԴˡ
ᵽҲ޺ۣϵ˲֪ЩûСԴߺ󣬱ҲûԶҲûָŰԶʱлġ
ھӪ֪ôˣһҲûѵͲ֪һᵣ
үˡҷеī˵һվãǲӦ˵ȽϺʡ˼ţȴү˭׼ͣģī
ǣӲͷƤֻصԭλīѾˣҵֻûͣҲһֱ⣬һ仰˵Ŀ顣ȻڿΪʲôȥʼնһʼնһҳءѲﻹʲô֮Ҫôϸȥơ
檼үӯӯһݣü䰵ǳԴ֮ͱȴǰ˷ݳ˼Ʋ֣ȴֶ˷ݲӵĽᡣ
ľ㵹Ǳٰ࣬һʢ˵ӣСģӦүһƽŵ˰ɡôҲò̫ϰߣǰǸ˾̹飬Ȼʱȷʵʮֵᡣ
к£үڽϵ£αĳ°ʵ
룬þûлȥˣ֪үǲǿԶ׼檻ؼһˣԾТͷһȴĻش
׼ֻƬ̵˼үһ֣ް
лүһ㶣û뵽ôˬ죬ĿվǴﵽˣһݣžͱ˵뿪
ҿЩ⣬ү̬ô׽͸ȥѵŮҪһȥ𣬲Ȼ˼˿ԼҵŮݵĻ˻ô롣
ԻؼҿҲþûĸˣǰ֪ǷҵϴμƺУΪʲôھβء
ʲôүͻȻҵ
ʲô֮㡣
ҾС죬üūүǲҲҪȥҪȥӦ׼Щʲô۾ĵˮ©ûߣŵʱźܶ飬ΪܱԼҪѧôദҪоͺá
ʲôʱ˵ҪȥˣվߣͻȻҪ磬ײ˸
ʲôôҴҵģүѵ
Զˣ˵Ǽ¼ү
£ôֱӹ
޺۽أԶǰտţһҧڲĽ˳˵ƺҲûʲô۾Ǿֵɫȫ
أүüͷ˵ĳȥде׻
Ӱĵһգ۵Ĺǰ׻Ѿү࣬ǰȥҲ鷿ͣŻŵĸҲǰȥ
أôֻأѵϴצ˻δĲ֢үҿ϶ôŹ㻹ֻ׻ģǿɶΪʲôڻҲǵİѱء
ô£սǰͿѪ޺̱ϣԶ˫ֶ֪ôźãһһĽϵѪ³챾䣬űѪʪ޺ۣҲɵô˸ֲøղ˵ľ֣ӱ˭˶𾪡
ҷ޺۵ʱѾû֪һֱҿҽҪ·ǿȻʱ޺ۡԶһ̾ٿҲմ˲ٵѪ޺۵ѪһƬһƬġ
үǰ޺Ѫ쵵·۾˲ɨһ磬üͷ壬Ƚ޺۷䣬򣡡
ְ˽ŵΧ޺ۣȴ´˲ĵطһˣδǺðɫ԰ף˿˿ѪֻֽճȭŲ԰׵ĴЩʹ࣬ȴûκεЭ
ܿ͸һˮ˽޺۵ķ䣬һѪˮ˳Ŀġ
ôˣԶһ޺۷ȥŴļʵ
ˡС죡׶̾
죡үվſڳŴݵĵ죡
ͻȻһ£һ̱˵ϣүүˡСû취ⲻͨ˺ۣСĴûˣҴҪСû취
үʱҪʬһ㣬ȴû뵽һ̣ȴ̧ͷԶİ׻ĵĵ
һ⻰ԴɵĴӵүûпűСҶӡ
޺ۿô죡Զŷ԰׵޺ۣӺðúһ㡣

ڤ壨2

꣩
ԶŵĽеȥҴ򣬿ɾҵĴôⷲõҩҲ޷޺۾ȻأΪ˱ͲⷲУΪˡƿ޺·ʱҾ֪ˣֻԾɱһ˿ϣѡ
ǵ׻޺۵ʱСĭľźʹתۿСĭȴ쳣İԶվǣɫƽͣڵЩʲôѲǱ޺۵ɵˣҲѹ֣ϹսİԶӣôܲ𵽡
޺ȻˣϾ壬ӦÿԳһǡ
׻׻ϣߣԴ˼ҲڵĹ֮¡
Ű׻ͤʱȫ˵޺۵飬˶ϧȻһֱΪСĭƫ׻ԲɷȻҲΪ˸ѵԶСĭѣȻҲ֮϶ҵ⣬ľˡһߣȴɱ֮Դйء
Сӣô죿׻üͷߣ⿪ʼ죬Ŀڳظӡ
Ⱦ˵˫ָӭӵˣ֪ʲôӡ
ʼնɣɾô׾ͱˡóֵĲʲôֻЩСධɡ׻ЩмÿжҪ˵ӦóŵסǱϾ壬˭Ҳûʮɵİ˵һС
㵹ǿÿֻɾ˹Уһսҿ¾Ҫ֮ˣǻСΪϰ׻˵飬ȥɡʵǺԼֻ֮ҺͰ׻Ҳ֮Щǣǰ׻ȥȽϺ⡣
С۸Сޣ׻ſϣŤͷȥҡ
ϴѾǱ˳𣬿˼ôأ˵Ͳн֮¡˵ģӦСඣԸǣĲ˵ԱǸеġ
СڹСճ̫أЩ
ô㣬ֻڱϾˣֻǲڷʱЩ鷳ˡò׿׻ŭ΢̤ʵЩֻҪ׻֣޺ӦûûµġҵȷԽӵĲܾҪҺܿͻˡ
Сʲô׻ʵ
ӦĲɡŰ׻һ棬Ц
ʱСӻЦĳС޿ûСôѡ׻̾˿ϵİëͤصŲӣʮֲ
Ǹ𣿡ʵҵʱѰ׻ʱи˿԰æ
ǲȷˣôӦֱСӲŶԣΪҪҹɾ鷳ⲻǽ֦СӵʱӦòô󵨲ŶԣЩȷʵǹ֮£СһʱҲ֪ô¡׻ͷ˼Ƭ̣벻ͷ
ǰе벻ͨô鷳һѲ޺ǣԲŻ³Һ裬񶨡ȻҲǺϲΪ˵ǻᵽǷǵˣӦɡ
Ϊʲô֮һǸҪСΪϡһͷѹ˿ʯš׻ҿɲôͱץȥСӷǲǣ֪𣿡İ׻Դҳüչĵ
˭֪׻ͷһ˦ߵСһأʵСӱץȥҲãͲ칬ǣȻ֪ˣ϶ǻŭģĽСӳܲġ
ϣұץȥ׻ĻҲ޵ȴô롣
棡һͷᶨĻص
Ǳץȥˣ׻Ҳ̹һⷲ飬㵱Ͳ׷𣿡ҼаһЦŰ׻ͷԴЩɣЦ
СҪСӺˣҲգɼˡ˵꣬׻ת޺۵סԾȥҵǰ˲٣޺оˡɹ֮ȴͷĲ֢е׳ʲô顣
үѭȥվͤ棬󻹸ѾͷĴ絹ƽʱټǳһеװѾͷĴŵҲƽʱЩѾ׼ãҪฮȥİɡ
ҴͤĻֻüɫţҴҴһ漴ʵ檸ղ˵޺۽Σ׳ʲô飿
û뵽鵹Ǵͦ죬ٹЩʱͻ˴޺۽֪ʲô鵤ҩȻˡ뵽⣬Ҳ΢ЦһЦŵ
үΪ飬ѵǼ٣
٣ģ޺ȷʵΣ˵죡һһٵ ˲ĹɫҰףĺѾͷĻ
ôˣǰʵ
֪޺֮ЩǣСĭ޺һ龰һӰҲҪĽɡ
Ǵ㵽ฮȥɡƿߵѾͷǿվãҲվֱӹʵ
ǣԭҪ׼ฮֻǰ·޺۽£ɫԾô԰ס

ڤ壨3

Ŷˡҽġصҧһ£ֻȻһƮƮҿѾͷֿס
үҲ֪ױ޺۽ʶʱڸϣӦĲǡǷǷӣͷҿңѾԳһҧۡѵôѹȻѲѹҵĹϵ󣬿ȴǶΪ޺۶顣
ʱ޺ӦĭչˣԶҲڣҪǲȥฮǾ͹ȥɡᵽСĭ֣бۿյѾõҪĴ𰸡ȻСĭ޺۵ĹϵȻѲ絫ȴԾǧ˿ƵĹϵеԵȻһʱ֮һᱻҲġ
ͷӦǣתҴҵľͳ޺۵סȥŲĸĴҹ
а׻Ȼȵ޺ۣȴЩǡЩСඵΪʲôеʲôû뵽ġѵ˵ɣĵס˱֪ҵˣңô޺۳Ϲϵ
ͷ۵鰡
鲢δ̫ãһд𰸾Ѿǰ
޺۵ƾ׻İƣѾ˺ܶ࣬ͻȻĺתе˶Ϊ档֮ǰֻҪ޺۵Ĵһҡҡͷҩߣת۵ĹѾڴϣŰԶ䷳Ľ֮ˡ
Ҳ޺˵Щ죬һֱŰΪ͡
׻¥УΧζŲϢҪ
׻ЩΪ޺˺ķ˲ٵȻ֪ҪҲ᲻һţֻ۾ſߣ񣬵ȴš
һĵĴ¥У׻һСӣжˣ
ΪǻССĵĽӽңȴû뵽ǻô׻ˣôûоء
Ƶĵ˱ƣһžһ֮ʱಡļӰӦתۼǰ
׻ëǰ޷벽
СӣǽԵϥأĽе
Ǹˡ鷢ĵĵ
ǲССӻȥмһСӵͷ
ȥ̾˿ƹ࣬վűϵⷲһûþˣô˵ȥͻȥ
һ⻰ڵϵļ໥ۣĬΣǸС˵˻СӿɲҪΪСǣԸһҪСӻȥ
ǲԸ⣬ҺΣƾ⼸СҲ뽫Ҵȥǲ̫ˡͻȻҾΪЩԹ޸ӦЩҡ
СӻǻȥĺãȻСǿɾҪСˣȻݵĻ⵹ҲɵһС඾ȻҲҸҽа壬Ҫ
񣬻ѲСӷ
û뵽׻ȻȳգҺǸж뵱׻һҷÿֻ֪˯û뵽ΪΪҳͷǰǰ׻ҷǽΪ̫Ҳſҵò
İ׻ԴҵĲòԹʾǸǺټҶôã׻Ȼ飬ݺݵĵһۣڹ̬Ҫʹթһ
ʵԩúţ
׻Ҳ£СӶⷲ䵹ңˣɣÿչڵ֮н첻Ӧеصز飡ǺСһЦ
ɣ࣡˵ɣ౻ˣҴ粽ǰһѽʲôʱ飬˭Ұ
ڼǰСӸ֪˭µҵ۾ڵ̵ù⣬һ֪СӲˣһ˷䣬ɣѺΣСǰѰСӡ
ҲƳ۰׻ֵ˵СһղȥɣҪڵһյĿ̣ʲôʱܳҪСʲôʱȥˡȻҲҪɣСеķжأǲصĹϷ䡣
ɣ࣡͵ؽ˹ȥ˫ָڴʱĲû뵽Ȼ˺ɣ࣬Ϊ˼ЩɣСĹȴû뵽֮øõĿռ䣬ҪЮҡ
Ѿмˣ֪ôˡ
׻ҲߣʱûȰȥȴһ⣬ɣ࣬һҲںڰɡ
뵽ˣͻȻֳ޺۵Ӱ漴תʵⷲ˹ˣ
ҵڴʱЩű߼ʣһ㶣ֵͷ˹һܵÿ죬Сͽʬˣ
ȻĹ֣ҧݺݵĵ
СΪô˵ϵ˿ڱйζϸϸӦǰ׻צӡζСҲӦǰ˰׻˼°ΪΡ
ɱһ˻õǰ׻͵ǰ
ͻıǴΪԾǰ׻ʵŵòᰡ

ڤ壨4

׻Цڣ׻ͷƳһۣСɨС޵棬СͷðȰĻ˫ð𣬺ݺݵֽͷŤ˻ȥһһıǡ
ҲȰ㣬ֻ㣬ʲôġ
ץСӻȥС֪׻ھ͵۾ȴһҲ뿪ǣǷ˸ĿͶ˵׻ͽЩСˡ
ѽץһȥģҵԸԼȥȻԺڤдԣ˵̰䣬ǼСමץȥģɶඪšСӿʮ˰Ц
׻Щɻתۿңˣ·ҵ˼ͻȻЦҵľ
صļСӻȻһ㶣쵽֮ѾѣѸײڶ֮ƣһ׻ѹצ¡ЩΪ˾޺ۺķЩֻʹĶѾɢˡ
׻ס׻ѪһץղŸҶԻСӣüʵ
ô֪ģųҵҲǱˡ
СһĸղƣսսĵСҲֻǴɣǸǸˣ˿ڵζ֪϶͹нӴһֱβ̫ܵ죬Ǹˡ֮͸о˰׻ķ֪ΧԲҵġ
εĳŰ׻̾һԭԼ˸ģΪ˽޺ۣͲ˿ڴŰ׻ζȻҲЩСම㲻Ϊ˾ð׻ȻҲͲΪ׻֮½
ԭ
׻Ҳҡҡͷ̧צӰ̾ĳ߹
׻ҵ۾е˭ſצӵģȥѹţ
ҵ׻ѹŵļСҲȻһ׻ûǣҪܡڰ׻ٶҲ죬µһεĽס˻ԹңСЩ飬С޾Ȼġ
Ҳ˼ĺǺǶЦתۿСӵʱȴָֻɫ´ٷڶδлл˵ʵ˵꣬ҽҲһ׻š
СӴôǣ׻۾ɱ
СأլʺģԲԣЦʵСæͷơǡΨа׻͵س鴤ܲͬҲֻûͬô˺ͬǹǡҲ֪׻ĴҲŲ˵ģǹˣͿ׻ôˡϾǸղҲҿû취ˣΪ֮ɡ
˵꣬бǰһƣһڣȴŰ׻ľ
ɱɾ䣬ǰ׻硣
С׻Сſڵģ׻ȴ˿ΪȻҲ棬ϾɱõľȻҲ̡
˵ˣ׻ľǸԤ˵ģǿɱˡ
ۿŰ׻һĽǱƵǽǣӹһ⣬Ҫ֣Ϊ׵ǸȴͻȻĴеСӾɱǣҲһҵõСӵģʵѰСӵĲֻǼɱȴɱôֵܣɣ໹ڵιţѵСľĽɣǲܲ𣬿ɣܾ˿Ծһ仰˵ΪС
ɣָ࣡һһƾָ⡣
ɱǲΪǻȥ߸ڣֻΪҰ̧ɫǵҪŪˣ˰׻֪ɣ࣬ҵĸȻῴܿ࣬ͲǹˡƱһֱܽ˺
ûʲôˣҿɾˣʣµǳҿûȤ׻Լŵ㣬ŪôõĵطԺһȾء˵꣬ת¥ֻתʱð׻ЦС޶ʰɾġ
ɣ࣬һģң
¥ҵĽŰķһͬһ㡣

ɪ꣨1

ĭ
޺˺غأԶ˷ȥеĴ򣬿һҡҡͷҩתߡү֮ʱԶ飬ҽһҪȺӡʱΪ޺ۣˣ֮飬Īڴˡ
ֻǵ޺ۼүأǽҺѵһү޺أҲֻǳŴݺݵѵһ֮󣬾ʧӰ٣ĶԱʵ˾ĺҲ⿪ʼΪ޺۽ԺǲҪŶãʡýһպôչ
ҪȥฮģȴҴææ޺۵ķ䣬޺۵ӣɫӵĲҰףľ᰷ţֻ͵ȥˣҪٽˡ
վ޺۴ߣ촽ҵ֡
ֺñ컹˾ú䣬һֲֻסĴҸռ޺ӵʱҪ֡͵Ľֳ˻ָ䣬ʮֵĲ
ĭлζˮգۼƺҪ
ūڡ΢΢죬ĵϦˣԾ޷ǣ֣Ϧ
޺ۣ죬û˵ȥ֪ǰ޺ľ޺ۣţҲšǧĮ񣬿ȴ⸱ף԰ӣǰȥϡ
ս˫ȭҺòװס޵ĳ嶯¶޺۽ء
ôô˫ֺڴǰǿ˳Ĺȣſžε޺۴ǰҿԶִһæҵֽŪѣΪԷ޺۵ٴεԶоᰴ԰
޺صŻڱ㴫ˣ֮ûлฮǴ԰ϴ棬ͲԽĲ
û˻õҽֻ¡족֮޺ۻٴ۾ܶҲԣ˵ĭôô䣬ǲҪѩˡ
⻰ʱҾȻ޵ĳ嶯
ԴհԶһֱŰһ䡣
ܲûһ˿⣬ӵѹ˶ܡתۿ޺ۣƺǰ˷Įȴ˷顣
޺۽үСǸͻˡ˽е
裿ҽһܹ÷죬½½Ľ˼ˣһ϶һ裬ůůĴ߹˶ŵʱȴ̧ۿⲻԶվŵơ
޺⼸գһֱûһֱչ˵ԵʣԸ棬ȴַĲ޺ۣÿձվңһգҴӴƼسɵߵűʱȴѾˡ
תͷҲصĳԺŶȥ
ˣҲŷＷ˽ҳ£Ҳ
ʲôأʵ
ûûʲôŹϣôķ磬Ǵｫ޺۶ôô졣
һ˸裬ĭһ¡Ϊ׵ļҶ
һ֪ǰ˸ˣʲôһӳģַڻϿţǺǵЦ
ЦҲˣЩӿ⣬Ȼƾôܰ޺չ˵ôáǰ˸ǻүȥɡ˸׼ţֽסǵ䣬Ǽү˵ҪҲ˶Щ·˵֮ž̤ʵЩ
ߺҺݺݵԴղΪʲôҪرôһ仰ˡ
˰˸ӣů˲١ղŻúıӹŵ޺ۣʱһңɰ𣿡ȻЦ
ҵĴΪڿ޺ԽԽǹءЦᣬΪʱΪǹ
ɱӣѽƼҶԭأæǰһѡ
ŶҪ˵ôίūĸҰšЦӯӯǰıɡȻԽԽã˿ڱϾδϣܶ鶼ҪæС
ů紺ȴԽŰ޶ȣҹʱʱĻһĽоԵԽֲ
ҹң˵һ۾е͵սľ˯ȣһ޺ۣȻҲⷿĻů͡
Ҹղźÿүˣүô˻ƴСʵ
үתſڣүûǲ㿴ˣô˻ô䣬үôܹ
ûӰȷүѵҿˣʼ򣬽ֿů
ǿ˰ɣȻүôֲܹءƵصȴмֵʧ䡣
Դ޺סϣү㽫Ұ޺۵ҹչˣҲ֪Ϊλİţһֱ۸ΪȤ𡣿ң˭˵Ů˭˵ҵֻĴڣ׼˵ġȻ˵ͽҶһߣȻֻǽҵһʱְɡ
Ц˵ֻһŮŮѣҲֻŪĻҡҪֻĴڣҲֻΪݲñΥѡ
ʲôأǰֻΣڿˣŰȵߡ
ûʲôǷ̫ů˯ˡæڣ̾ôһˡֺα˵ĻǲģֻҪŮͺãҺθɡ

ɪ꣨2

˵ĻȥЪϢɣžͺáϣ̺ãҹȥ
ôã˯ɣ㻹Ҫأúú˯СҲӣӲǽưϡ
һֱôҲ˯ţš˵䵽ůͣҳů뿪ˡƲɷ˵ֽҰϣԼصΧŻӿů
ȻҲ˳˼ϡЩչ޺ۣһֱԼýģ³ʲôһֱûúϢ޺۵ȶ췿رůͣһմ˴Ҿ̤̤ʵʵ˯
峿һŵҾѡ˯ʵĿ߳šһ򿪣˴۵Ĺâæ۾Żй
ĭ쿴ѩˣƾе
꣡ҵָڴǰæֹסƵľСˣƲŻæס죬˼ЦЦͷ޺ۣδѣŰĵĳ֡
ҴӴСŲ䣬޺ȷʵ˯Ųδѣ˿Ųߣѩ
޺˵ô䣬ӦҪѩˡȻѩǰװعһУҾ̾ԭѩ
ô̾ƲɵһҵͷԼͷȷû֮ҵĭûѩ𣿡
⵽ҵһμѩȻҲǵһμѩ֮ǰ𷲼ѩӨϾȴû뵽ˡ칬ļ紺һֱûȻ֪ʲôѩһĻôӦѩ֮¸űǴаɡţѩ֮ѩǾɫʣȴûлȥˡ񿴿ⷲѩҲֲһźɣֻǲ֪ⷲѩѩ֮µǷһء
ԭͲǱˣûҲƺǺǵЦţֽӹƮѩĵǸͯ
ĭѾˣСǾȻȥˡЩҶһľ޺ۻӡ⵹ҲүʱϸܼҪĿ࿴ˡ
ҵͷűϸ˿գһ˲Ŵ̤ѩ뿪СԺǽԶĽӡͻȻһЩͬæϵ·ǰȥӿϵĽӡⲢ˵Ľӡצӡһ뵽צӡҾ뵽үߵֻ׻
׻оһѵǰ׻޺ƴã
ôһ룬ҽӵһƷȻǲ˰׻ˣﻹôĵӣֻΪ˶Ŀˡ
ĭʲôأ޺۽ˣſڽң룬ͳȥ
޺۵ɫֺ˺ܶ࣬һһ仯
ѩˡ޺ڴһ۾ͳϻδȥѩ
˵ҪѩһˡЦǺǵߵ޺ߣ˼Щ·ϡȻϿ쵹˱Ȳ˳˳ůůӡ
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Ƥȥʱֻ޺۵۾Ǿȣôˣʲôط𣿡ʵ
Ƥ̧۾ȵĿңôϣ
ոүģ˵ǸõġҽƤɢ޺۵ϣȴӾȵʵүģ
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ĭҲáʹԭõ˸ˣѻ
ү⣬ҽҲûʲôЩȽϺáҵ
ĭү͸Ƥ˵ôء޺۴ߵįЦݣڣˡ
ū֪ˡҺܿĽƤʲôʱ᰽ٻ޺ô˵ôղСѾͷӦߵˣүүȷôģ֪Ƥ޺ȡůôȥӲ֪ǲүˡ
ƤȻ͵Ļү͸ģ治֪ĹȣǾҲźͿ鱻ү֪ˣҪЩǷġ
ĵһѩأĭѴӿЩ뿴޺۵
ǡҵӣȻ˺ܶ࣬Ծɽ紵οô졣㶼ҹˣްģЩˡҲãЦҲЦãɴĻ˴ƫĴӣľɫֱֲӴ硣
޺۸оôˣǲǺЩˡתͷȥԶѾ˷Ȼɡ˲ٵѩԶӣſ߹ĹüĿɣ˼ҹˣֿš
С㣡ɡ£ûüϵѩֱ˵һ
ҵּˣӵڻϸϸů˫֣ôЩӣҲ֪Ӹʲôģҵôáֵ
δü˵ǰԶһĭôҲʶôˣһȥӪĻһ㵱СһĹţаֵί

ɪ꣨3

Ȼһֱ֪Զˬʺ޳ǸһֱǼã˵һ̲סжһѡСһţЦԶū澹ȥһӣʱ򵽵˭ź˭˰Ҳ̫ῪЦˡ
˵ģԶ΢΢㶣Ȼͷȥ͵źˣȥˣľͣźҡСȴĺȥ¾Ҫ˵Զʻ߿׻ȴһů⣬ǰԶ硣
ôʱˣžӪ𣿡޺ۿڴϣƫͷİԶ
첻ѩ𣬾Ӫһжãǹ̿²̫үٲлȥԱʱ֮谡˵꣬Զϵ⿪Ȼֹȥ˶űϡҵЩİѾӦڰԶߵˣϸ¡
Ҳãֻǣ㲻ֻΪӪİɡ޺üʵٿԶüʹǣΡ
ôȡЦˣӸûʲôˡԶôһ仰һԶˣ޺۾ȻЦЦЩЦ˿æܵԱ󱳰˳˳
ʲôЦģȻýЦҲֵ
˭֪½ǣҲŴǿЦ޺۽ôһ˵ū澵һˡ
ʲô£Ҳʵ
ÿ궬ѩ죬Զ񶼻ᵽүһӣֱѩ˲ŻȥΪÿζūźţԵҲǵ塣˵죬Ц
ΪʲôѩҪţĪǽʲô֮ǵӣҵӵĺ
ΪÿѩҰԶȥѩʹھӪҲһȥΨүϣŲڰԶ˵Ҳȫ޺˵꣬ЦмſִͣҲ̲סɿŶЦ
ԭŰԶίӣҲЦף̲סЦֻóŰ޺˳Ĺ͵Ц۾ﶼû뵽ȻôһȤˣÿԶô㻹ͦࡣûүǰԶɾ޲֮ˡ
뵽תЦȻҲЩ˸УջҸӶࡣ֪ԼʲôҲ֪Ҫʲô̫ˡ
ô˵ֻҪѩڣԶͻүˣҼеʵ
ţԶѵĵ˵ͷȻĭӭ𣿡
ūĸҲӭأ˵ˣǼչ˵ôãĭûлأóЩúõдǡЦǺǵǰϸĶ꣬ȴôҲֻҪԶһ죬ͻһ죬ֿǰһˡ
Զ޺˵˺ܾõĻ󲿷ֶЩӪ飬Ȼ֮һߵ龰龰˵˶ٱ飬Զһ޺۾ֻٽ޺ҲֻǾʱҲЩ̾ϾЩȷʵЩ̫Ѱˣ족תۼȴúõĻ˹˭ҲŰ
ѩҹһֱµԲҪͣļ󣬷̿ۿžҪȼˣǡڴʱţǰܹȥţһˣ϶ѳһ仨ˣҲˣٲɾҪˡ˵ţƾÿ߽ҶŻӡ
˭Ҷƽ㰡˵ұߵ䣬סŵļҶʵүģ
ǼҶԵһ㶣ſڵѽĭôôʣү˵ʱܲһҪСġ
ҽıǣɴǵ۾ȴ˿öˡ漴ڰ֣ǻȥ⸱ӣҲЩ棬ʲôҲûʣһһ·Сܵĳ÷Է
ү֪ѩһû׼дӣ޺ůͣˣҾͽĹҲסˣˡ˵ŰԶҳѰһҲкˣԼߵǰͿʼơ
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ȻҪ޺һסˣ໥иӦ
ӦðԶĻЦԶǾůͣһ𼷼ɡ
Զ˼ĺٺֱЦϵĹȴͣЪһֱᵽźòһƨȥоõ죬ò⡣
ĭүȥ鷿һˡ
ͷһƵôЩˣ⻹ͷһƸ˵Ҳͷһνӽ޺۵ķ䡣ʱүΪ˺°
ſվ⣬æǰеƽ㡣
Ƶ˲ӹһ˿ϲͷֻصҵķߺ񣬡үȥ
ǣȥ˼Щ·ϣȻƵûʲôĻ˵ɣҲþòˡ
Ҳ˵۾޵￴˵Ҳ˵һѽҲŤ͸Žȥˡôû޺ۣӦúܵɣˣҲ˼
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ѩ
˵ı䡣
ߵү鷿ʱЬѾʪ͸ˣ˫űġŵλǺܾûˣʱЩ档
ôʱԶԶľͿʼҴк
үЩ顣΢΢Цţ߽˲ŷȻվ£Ҳմ˲ٵѩ˫ŽŽͿʼ䣬һֱôţö䰡漴λ䣬λҲҪ⣬ౣůǡ
˺ǺһЦлġ
ôô໰ſ˻ϿҪñȵʲôʱ򣡡ֻ÷һȣĿһǱĸӾˡЩӸ޺ദĺãѾүаʱͻȻûӦڣŵ˰ɡ
ͷε΢Ц˫ֲƿ鷿š
ôЩ첻֪ʲôˡ

ɪ꣨4

翣һů
ʲôʱʼϲ޹ˣζмֵĵšζ߸ҹɽ̴㣬ʱΪ˸Ҷԣʵ˲ٵĹֻϧأá
߸磬Сĭĺء
ԽԽ֪ˣ˱Ҳ֪ˣϣһǰֻǣΪ˫Ⱦôƣ֮ɫüͷôҲ಻
ū澼үһݣͷЩˣȼȴۿ޹ѬЩɬ̲סǰ뵣һæһδԵֱվǰ
޺Щӿɻãߵ޹¯ԣ򿪸ӲŪ£۾һڣֽӷźãӱֿ
ã޺۽ЩԽԽãʵ޷޺۽ǰ컹д޲ߡ̧ͷһֱϸָŪ޹㣬ݵڻ¯ԣô컹ô٣оⷬӦĶ
ҿʼ̲סʹ
û¾ͺãȻ˸ұۣЦȴЦį
үɺãã̲סʳУžЩףΪҪľôҺθɡ
ʣŲ豭ȻһҲ˰ΣЦ𣬵ĵȻõúܣ
˵õúܣ˿ʯ̤ʵࡣɿӣǺõúֻǲ˼ϰˡϵƣҲģʲô飬Ȼô͡
֪үūбʲô𣿡ǰ׼裬ָմҴסˡ边Ǳģ죬ôĲ裬ȻЦĳͲ¶Ҳүźôˣľû⵽Щء
뵽Ҳ̾˿ԼʮŮˣ뵱칬֮ʱֻбΪҲģʱõΪ˲ġүǺңõĭĵİ
ߣǱŮһҪʲôѲ⼸첻ʹ㣬Լˣ㻹Ҫ²Уүİ
ū澲ңæȥǾĿ˿˿Ц⡣Ǳⳡѩòᣬôѵ⣬ǵЦĿġȥ֮һҪҴúÿǣȻⲡԽԽؿɲǼ°
͹ȥĻɶʱȥʵ
æУÿ춼ȥůֲͣô˵ӹȥģ˵ʧȥ޺۾ʧȥұۣԲŴ޺ôõ
Զˣʵ
ǣԶϵģ˵׼޺۽סһ䣬ҲиӦҹĻص
ѩˣҲùˡ˵ͷƮĻ
ȻůҵЬȴʪѹɵ棬Ҳ˼ЬȥֻֻĬĬĲϣܿЩһȥýЬȡů
һֱɫѺڣмһ仰Ҳû˵ôţһ裬
ĭͻȻĳһ΢ߵգʱı顣
Ҽֱ͵һǰӦūڣ
Ǹȥɣָ鷿ǽ߰ϰڷŵһѹٵԭҪġ
߽һſ٣˵Ҫ͸ǰѣ¥õǰѣҲӦ֮ʱҵǰ١
˵ԭҪҵģ
ģӵڻУ·ʧõı֡
үҪū澣ȷϡ
ʱƭˣЩŭĹǷƭˣæūлү񰮣
ݵӽӦѩ׵ǽϣٵһѰɣһ㵯ֻΪһ˵
ıӰľܾҪ󣬡ūֻΪүһ˵ҾҲĻﴥͳӦ
ڰϣұ˫ΧһƬ谵Ψָܴõҵı䣬һһ˿˿ġ
ҶǰЩ֮ʱֹϦӵ龰ҷҵʱҺԸɸҲҪǵʱ¥Ϊʱ򣬳үȥҹʱ򣬹򶫺˶ʱ칦ʱ޺ۡ׺ʱɱδһҩʱ򣬹ΪͨŮʱ򣬿ʱīҪЮʱҺ޺Ƿŭʱ޺һߵʱ򡭡
ෲһ·ʱΪô࣬Ψ뵽ʱĿȴʼʹ֪ľ档ͻȻһ˫ֽҽӵ뻳УָһϤζ֪ÿαӵסֻǿܣֻ϶ſˣȴô̰еů
Ȼ侹ּĳ˼
үʳֻӵסңձϣһ᲻Ļ䣬ԭһѧǰĿȥȴסһһ૵ĵͬؾǰӪӵסҵ龰һҿܵӵסҡ
ͻȻһ䣬񱼶ȥͷҲءıӰãҲŴӸղŵĻлһĪЦˣ̧ȥղŵۣȴ֣ҿˣǣˡ
һаȵүȻҵǰˡ

үʧ٣1

֪Լô߻޺۷ģֻ֪սʱȿҡŵĽ£˲ðԶ޺ҲڣֱӾͽҵЬȥ޲ҵĽţȻֻֽţԼȥůһֱϼůŴˮҵĽŷŽȥݣɣϸҴЬӱů
ĭôˣ㿴̫ãʲôˡ޺̽ͷңԶҲվԱߣǺ֮ɫ
ûʲôұⷽ٣Ľıţ̫ˣˡ̧һЦȥͷĲ
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û˵ʲôү޺۽ĽһЦУү˵ѹٸˡ˵⣬ǰ뵣æͷȥ
İүһٸ㣿ƾгƺԼõٻҪ˼֡
ʲôֲǸġԶƺߺߵ
ūĭˣ𣡡ƾС죬һ֪ǰѺ١̲סָвͣ̾
ˣүôͻȻ뵽Ҫٸ㡣ԶԾüͷЩ⡣벻ͨҲ벻ͨΪνôΪֹԲʶүһңĺܡ
ҾƺЩʲôҪˡ
ûֻԺﳳúܣԶɿڴӱϣƿЩԴЩĵôôˡ
Ҳ棬һ𼷵ӱϣֻüŵԱ߿շţġͱѩǵѩ˵أʱֱƹĸӲҰסûͼ˴ӷֱ̧ĳ
ȥšƿ龰æܵűϣյǷſʱҲſһĽӭ˽䣬˼ӣͻȻ֮޺۵ķԵ쳣ӵ
ʲô˭ǰЩģԶʵ
ؽүԸġү˵޺۽ӻ߲ûѾͷչˣԶ޺۽סһǾֻöˣԲŷԸСǰѸڵԱϢá
үȻô˶⡣ԶΪԾүʲôʱôСͲ֪ҵķӼҲͲ޺ۼ𣬻ֵöô˰˵ţԶСƵƲƲ죬ܲӡ
Ӻ뵽һɱУѫ׿Ľ
ŶүԸסʱ䣬һҪúõչ޺۽ЩѾͷǵİȫǳʲô飬ү˵һ׷Ź˵⣬ǸҶͷ͵ĲٵˡȻ⻰үԼ˵˾İϾĿһֱһҶԶ˵үԭеݡ
ү⻰еѰζڰԶЩֻĥ⻰е˼
ҶһòˣҲʹŵǰСǾȻȥˡԶڰ֣ȥԼߵ޺۵ĴߣһһĲ֪˵Щʲô
峿ʱ֣ѩѾͣˣһһľӣһֱů紺򿪴ӣоԭߡ
ѩͣءԼʵʵģȸԾܵԺѩһѩŷɢ΢ŵ۵Ĺâ
ô𣿡ҲųĴѩģ͵˻
ԲԣԶ󣬿⸱Цĸˬʡ
û뵽ѩĺεЦȴԶĿЦ㵹Ҿʣѩѵȵòɡ
ԶȡЦū澼ʶ𡣡װתӽ䣬̤żȴֱԶ˻ɲʶĭ˵ţЦȴұŵӲĽЦȥʱɫͨ죬ùࡣ
Ҳ̵ôˣĭЦءʵǿ̵ӣҡҡͷɴһˡһվ£ĵԺȥһѩʱʱĶڵϽѩеһ𣬡ʲô
ѩˡԶЦûɡ
ҵͷûĺܺ棬ѩ˵ѩһһĴϻǺǡֱЦ
ĺϲǲǣ
ԶתͷûͷûԵһ仰Щ⣬ǵ˵ͷǻͦϲģھӪЩչˡ
Զúô𡣡
ĭпܣʵҸúôԶû˵ֻ꣬÷ԷæĳҶǰǴܼңԶܼˣ
ˣһɫ˽ţԶҲɫصʵʲôˣ
үүˣܼһҧĵ

үʧ٣2

үˣԶʧɫ
ʲôʱ飬кúȥҿԶʵ
ˣˣɾûүӰܼļǵĵ˵ֻŻͣţѾѩʪ˴ЬӣӦү˰ɡ
үôô˵Ͳأǲʲôط©ˣүֻ³ȥˣͻˡԶֵ
ģӿʼѩүͺܲԾһֱԼ鷿ֱĭ֮ү鷿ֱ¥ԴӽȥҲûϻɹү˰ҲûүţǾʹ˽ȥһ¥иûˡУһֱøүߵİ׻Ҳˡܼһ˵
ô֪үһֱ¥ûԶʵ
һֱү鷿¥ſһûү˵ţָܼ
һⲻһֱ鷿һֱܾ˵үûǾ͸ûˡ
⡭ԶҲΪ
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ȫŤͷűϵ޺ۣôˣæǰϵ·ֹȷᱻ룬Ͽɣ䡣æ
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ܼҡҡͷĲ֪ô£
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޺ͻȻҴӳ˼оѣү˵ʲôˡ˼ֻǵ˵ӣƣɫү޺۽ƣȻ󻹽ǰٸū澣֮ū澸ӣѣүԵġ
Уձһᣬ񱼶ȥ
޺۽үʲôɡʱЩңʱҾ͸ÿЩģôүһ鷢ˡ
ܼңڸүвκ͸¶үʧٵϢԷ˳ûңңڻ֪үʧ˻ֻʱ뿪Բš޺üͷԸܼҺݺݵĵ˵ͷŸڼҶµܼ
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һֵζԶŵˣ޺۸һ̤С¥ʰԶ
ֵζԶӣҡҡͷʲôζ
˵壬ֻǾζͬһ㡣޺۽ҵһǰߣÿһʮֵءһֱߵʱվ˽ŲζʮŨء
۾ãҲûŵ˵ֵζ
˵ζ᲻үʧйأԶҲǰЩǡ
֪˵޺۱㸩ȥгĸϴ⣬һֱ£ϵ棬ϸľϾ˿˿צۡ
צۣ
޺ָ͵һôˣæʵ
үߵİ׻Ҳǲǣ޺۾ŵ棬˺ôʵ
ǣܼ˵׻ҲˣҲŻ񣬻ص
ү׻⵽ô¡㲻ĳʲôɣһ뵽޺ۻʱһߵӣҾͿʼΪүǧҪ²źá
үʲôˡ˵꣬޺վڴǰ۵İѩ
һûץҪ޺۵İѱô˵ʧʧأĬգ˶ٴε۾ÿζϣ۾ʱܿӰ˵۾ֻҵĴڣÿζʧ
ֱһ飬ԾδүͰ׻Ӱܼʱ޺ֻǵ˵ͷʲôҲû˵
ڴڼҹ޺һΣҲ޺ؽúһ
Ӯ֮˻޺۵ķ䣬ʵ㻹𣿡
վ޺۵ؿյ˫ϷǽŰɡҸҩðˣūȥȡҩˡ
ߣֻεˮ
Ϊ˭أ޺ۣѾʧôõү
ͻȻ䣬ҾֿϦƵʱѾôԹޣһЩˣȴమʹҲʹֿټʱȴô䡣ֲ޺۵һֱôİԹˣį˹
޺ۺôϦأǷҲұˡ


ľ ڤ

1

Щ޺۵ûкǰЩһһһԽĺãֻǺƽͺƽ͵š˽ΪΪүʧٵһֱڷģԲûĵĵÿȰҪôʱ˼صһЦ֮Ծɻǵš
үһֱ˶ûٿӰΪүֻǳŶʱڵǿȷүʧˡԾһֱţүʧ˵һͬһĴ£ҪʮСĵĴǡ
죬үʧһֱƵء˵ÿѩ֮ǻЩƵģѩϷž⣬ʮֺÿǽȴʮֵķѩѾôЩˣƬƣһֱôѹ˴
ѹֵӵʹ
ûɱүû˿ɶİ׻·һࡣûйְӣԵʮֲϰǻӰһץȷʵ䣬һ
ֿʼ˴磬Ƭ֮ѹͬҹһȡ
ƴСŽ޺۵ķ䣬ô˵ͱˡƶСصڷȡů
쵹ЩԶվڴߣüͷһ𡣡̾һžĽӹϣ֪үںδôͻ죬֪ûз
ԶĻҵģ͵һ۵ġ
Щ̫Ѱо޺۴ӴϻԶߣ԰׵ָƿһϸķ죬ɨΧһУҹڷʱΣյʱ򡣡
ţԶͷȷ
ǶٴеӣҲץס֣ţƺһɲ֪ؽӽǡ
ǵүʧǰ𣿡޺۵
úõչЩѾͷİȫԶ۾Ķ죬ֻ޺ۡžһӹؽתŲ£ү֪鷢ˣ
޺΢˫˿Ӧúүʧٴй
žֻż¯
ŰķмŹһ죬ͬѩҹǰһ־塣
޺ԶϣƵš
ˣ޺۽յ˫էȻ˫ֳӡ롱վϱһһֱϣǶĿ硰žĽŴ򿪣޺޾ɫӭһֻ˲γǰ
Զǣ޺ͷҲûأһԾ˳ȥ
޺ۣҴУȴûϮķУСİ
ֻ桰ƹƹžһĲҽСҺıһ໥ȡ⺮ҹ˿˿ů۾¿һС
ϸ˿һ͵۾ԶҲŴὣվſڣȴ޺۳ȥ
ǲ̣ԶԾתνΧԷϮ
ɱңԶߴݣû˿ԥ
֮ʱӣű˲ķ
ಣһȺǰϲУȴһĹ⣬龰ԶԵЩ죬ִӭ绤ǰǰһһ
ƺʱѾŵҲͷڻпҲסǣҲѷûмⷬ󣬼ʹսıԵҲûô˵ĳ棬οڣߡ
һŨҺõҵֱϡ
ҵɴ۾ŸղųǸĵҽűϣʪȵҺ巺ϵĹҵֱۡ
Ҿг˫ûɵȥ߿ǰĺˣԴӣͷҺ㿪ʼʣںڵҺ˳ҵĶһֱߣʪҵ
ޣҲ޲ƺһֱˣһֱˣɲ˵Һһֱҵ
ĭԶ˫ִһסҲϮһˡ
̫࣬޺ԺһҲûͣЪԶڷǲи
ߺߺߺߡȵȴ뵽үֻԶүݣ˴ĵ׿ʼ־塣
˭Զ𣬽費ͣЪ
ĭһһӰǰ˵ϸЦһ۾ﻺ󡣺һǷϬ˫ƽһۿ΢̹ǵ㴫ԭ㣡
ֻĴҵĶͷָıһ񣬻æˡ
ˣЦŪӡ
ԶӽֻһԶһ˸աתһֱؿڴȥȴָᵯԶͱһߣздŲм
㡭ҴɵĿ˾ţ˺ֻɵɵ˭

2

˭ͷЦһβȴϵϸֳδ䣬ָָҵ°ͣϸĶҡ
ſԶὣҡҡλεֳ
΢бƲİԶߵǾƲԳԷƣ
ҵɴ۾ɫâʶĶһӴδü˼Ҳ֪δһԾ˰ԶǰážһͷһʹĹâʹ۾һĴͷ̡֮
ĭĭԶҵӴؽе
ҡ
ǰĹâȥֻһƬڵɫֲָҺò״Ӻڰץһֻ֣ı֣ĭԶԾڽҡ
ôģң治ô׵飡
㵽˭ʵϣ֣񷣬׺ʲôϵ
˭㲻֪Ҫݣĭ˭
䲻ĴһҵݣŮĭǣ칬ʮĭ
˵ǡĭݣôΪĭ֮ûǹʲô˰ôҡ˵ǡĭôƺûɣѾɣֻһˣֻʲôҪҡ
棿ʵ
ԶҵȥĽӽ
û֨ǰĺڰɢȥӳ۾ľӣĹ⡣
Ĺ⣡
ɫĹâоһ㱼𸸾ᵽ飬ǹӡǣ
ǹ塭ҾгֻץסԶֱۣ
ĭȻˣЦ쳹ʣȡ
ǣȴѵĲʱ򣡡ͻȻһĵ˲们䡣ǡڴʱǰһӰһӰĿǰ硣
һ޺½ֻеĽ硣
һʧѾõүúǺһַһ硣

絲ס˺˴ĹƣֻǰԶϾֻǷˣס͵ͷһѪεڵء
үǰ
ȻǺŭէָү㻹
˵ԶҪү˫ֽ£
ҪҪĹ칬⼸ĶԹ
û븸ȫ
칬ĭԶҲģ岻칬Ҳ
ʱֻϣ˺еĺԻе
еΪôһŮˣȻҪ˵ҪеڤĶԹܳе𣡡
Ƿܵ𣬶Ҳһ߾ȫڣ
ãһڣǸ̳ĺöӡǺŭʢһڿϿԷһɾͲٻôˡڤԶͬˮ𣡡
䣬Ǻ˴е˲ʧӰ١
ҹ˰ࡣ
û°ɣүתͷƣɫ֡
үųһ㶣˫ָҵĶͷյĻʤ͵Ѿڵأ꣬ǹ꣬ģ
ġ˼ţǰֳһ·βҵǸ꣬㣡죬е
ǹӣæ˺󼸲
壬ӣ
ǣǹӣ꣡ظ𣿡
һЦٰΣڵҵĻǵ㣬Ҳ㻹칬ĭҲ䵽ⷲ䣬ܾҵ衣
ڣҺȻЦˣҲɡʶ㣬Ҳڡǰӵסһӵסԭأҽӵס֣һͷ˿סҡ
Դ뿪Ҳŷ֣ԭôԭѾĵס޺۳ϦദЩҲŷ֣ԭ˵ֻСϰĴڣһϰߣֻ֮飬Ů鰮
ΪԼ˽ĺĵĽϦɢƻôõһԵ

Һߵ޺ۣղõķǹķ
޺ۣҿ޺۰죬ɱһƣĿĵʹͷеĬĬ
޺۽ָ쵽ǰγѣ̧۾ң
ôˣʵʵҸΪʲôйķѵǡ
Ҽȥ
ղţʲô飬Ҿңɼ޺۵ͷֲ
ڲ˵ЩʱȿôˡָΧĲҾҡҡͷ
ԶķˣˣͻԲѡ

İ1

ӺɫѪмһصĻʤΪ׼ģȴƴҲƴˡ
Ժһ֪ʱվ󣬿԰׵Ҳָա
Զûˣʵ
ûˣϢһ¾ͺˡǿЩЦ
ġ𣿡һʵҺԥĵͷҲ㣬ڡ㡣
ʹߣпܿԸһҲڽ˵𣿡ʵ
ҵüЦ˵Һֻ֮飬Щĺ֪Լ˭ʮֿ϶ĶҰ㣬꣬ǲүǹӣĭֻˡ
Сĭӵڻһתǧء
ԭҶһֱһֱСĭСĭٴ̻ͷһһ顭
˵֪ҵһжãԴӳʱҾ֪нһˣǱ--СĭΪ㣬ҿ£ȴܸ㡣
ЦЦ㡣
ֻҪ㣬ӣɿң˫ϲᣬ˫ȣʪʪӡҵĶͷ֣ضᣬ飬İԵһӴµֻпྡϲ
ҵĶͷŰ̺ۣѿԲԡΪԼѾʼϰ̺۵Ĵڣһֱʤȡ£ֻΪסҶʹû뵽ôˡ
ڹҵô𣿡ָḧŶͷǵ̺ʡ
ݵŮӣҵȻǵô˵ģôңôǡֵ
Ҳ⣬̺ʵƯεģǳרΪϵġЦ§ڻУôĶеů°㡣
ҷһֵ顣Ȼ޺۵Ľ磬Ļ
޺ۣ
ô֪Ҿ
ΪǹһһٵĿҵ
ǹҲԼĶ䣬ȻҲôɹôܾǹء
û뵽һƣȻ㿪ۣҲܿõķˡЩϲԴŰ̾ۿˣֻɸѾȥ㻹޷칬޷ԭ㡣
ЦЦںܺãǻ𡣡
޺۾ǹֲѣֲ˵边˵ϤҺЦˣû뵽ԼһֱûǹһֱֻΪ͹ѣȴ񲢲֪Լǹ֪ԼᷨҲ顣޺ǹ᲻ǡֹҼ롣
ǵĸǲ˵ϦΪλڴˡ
ЩҲ֪ǰǿԿ϶ǾǹϦϻֻޣúܡղǰ׻ңҶû
ǡ᲻ΪҺĽףԲš
ҪϹˡ긧ҵͷĵķһֱţ鼱֮¾Ȼܽǰ׻⼸Ϊ˴ɸɣ㿴ҲԼʲôеһְɡ
׻ΪˣҺʵð׻𣬶ˣҪһΪʲôҪô
Ļɷű˫۶
ǺǡЦЩ֣ð׻
˵ûУ
УУֻһΣצӡǴΣȷʵð׻˵ʱԶ㣬Ҳǲзҵ֣׻зִģûʱ𡣡
Ѿ˵ĺˣüչҰ׵ҾЩۡ
֪ˣ˹ҲͲԺЩ飬ҲҵˡįĵͷȥҵһЦ
ļ򣬰οҲȫ㣬㸸Ҫ㻹׾ٵ飬ܻġ
˵ȻЩ֪ҵı仹Ϊû˺ޣֻİ⡣Ķ˹˵ġϦ֮İ
㡣ӻгΪҰĽϴһֱûлΪһЩ䣬һתֱҵ޺ۡ
ǡʵ
Ұ˿ڵģһֱû㡣ҽģЦתȥһԶſĻҵУҸۣˡ

İ2

˵һжԸûкĵ񷽫ǷֿԼĬĬⷲ䡣
˵һлԸûô۸㣬Ǻúõĺǻ㣬һĽڻ
ǣһв
ܹ黹ǻ
ҴεĿϦݡ˵û׵ġһ̯Ʋĸɸɾ
ǻҵôԧءҾСֵ
ĪڳԴףָҵ°ͣһ𣬾壬ǳһҸֱɿ֣ڻС
ҲҸɡҵΪҲأֲǰɡ
ŴҡҡͷεĽһ˿纵Ҷ󣬡ûа취ǣѾıǵ졣
ǡ
ɣҵһЦҲ𡣵µĴȴһܡ
ҹĻУģ˵
ǵóʱ治Ǹ޵СӾȻ----칬ʮĭЦϱ任Ų˼ı顣
˭˵ĭͲܿˣҰ޻УҽŤһ࣬װ
ޣСĭǰǰ޳ҲֻȰɡָҵıӣҴݺݵĽִȥۣҽе
Ҳ޵ġģôܿޡ˽ңյ˵
ô뿴ҿ޵ӣ
뿴ҵСĭ쿪ĵĲõġҽ§סؿڣͨͨǿԭҸ˵ļ򵥡
ʧЩ춼ȥʲôˣĺ㡣˫§૵ʵ
ȥˣɣࡣ˲Ĭòŵɣҵӣһ𳤴󣬺ֵһ뿪ʱҵŸҳʱ̨ˣˣڵΣÿտ̱ҵȥһֱû˵ôãôܲȥ˵⣬Щʡ
ôˣ
˵ĺأΪ˰ˣҼҪľñס׻һһЦֻΪûָû취ӳŵֱ׻˵ˣҲƴ˳ӡҵĶͷõˡ
ͺáұصᣬš
ԭ廹δָΪӲӳ壬ô΢ȴ͸֧ȫΪҽ絲һơ
ĭңں

ڽӣ1

չߺһֹڴǰ
ԶľΣɫҲԽԽãΪ޺˵ķʱסڴ˱øӵȻһ䣬ˣʮ֡
޺۶ʹȻо죬Ҳʲôûʡ˵ȻԼ벻ҲعУɾǴϼӴˡ
Զ⣬ȻҲҪտææĲͣЪʱ֮£Ծ£ֻǧҪãˡ
굹ǴȤȻҲͲẦˣԺǶļȽϺãӡ
ˣֻǸŭԣүȻҶǿĵģеһʯ˵ءû˸ЩӾȥֻҪȥʲôϵ
ѩҹһƬƬѩ䡣
ҽ쿴죬ҪһҹѩˣֿԶѩˣѩˡ
غôߵԱ߲Ū˼¯ȼĸЩſϳ˯ˣôˣ˯Ҳ֪Ӧ·ϸǺñ˯𡣡Žһķ齣ñӸǸǺãתԶ޺ҲѾ˯š
ˣһô˯ˡҰĵһЦתۼ䣬ǰ︸ĸչҵ龰ĵȾ
Сĭ
һ˼Ƕʼˡ
Сĭһ
һæǰҲɵ棬ĸùáһͷ˵ĸĻУΥůϤζһĸϧĽڻУҵСĭ
ЦĨǰᣬЦʵĸôˣ
ĸˣҵСĭôˡ
Сĭǰһˡù޳ָҶǰķ˿ǵ̺۲ɵ̾˿ĭ
ùò̾СĭѾˡ΢΢һЦе඼֮ɢ
СĭǰЩӹΪ㣿ĸʵ
ĸ֪Īľ죬ѵ
˴Ķ칬᲻֪ο㡣ĸ
ĸǵСĭ£Բ𣿡ʳǲĸҲСĭˣ˵ţǰּ뵣ҾǿĻæȥ
ĸһ˵̲סķȥǰᣬùæһ߰οĸȻתҵСĭôôĸ˵أ춨ĸô㱻˺ǿ˼֮ʹĸôÿʳѰǵ㣬ôܱ㸸˽·㡣ùһһУ˵󣬾ǿʼʣɵ
žһҹڵϣСĭ֪ˣĸ𷣣
֪ĴֺֹЩһ̾һͱǴǰ
Сĭݼʦ
ɡ˫ָƵ½أƮ䡣
۾Ҳˡù΢΢վһࡣ
Ϊʧȥɸ뷲Ľȴû뵽Ȼ͹島˹ϵ칬ĶԹֲǲ֪ǹӡ̾˿û˵ȥĸЩ˭õأҾǻᰮһðϵˡ
뵽꣬뵽ǰĳеһľݵĭֻ󸸾ȫ
СĭڱƸ𣡡
ĭңֻǡͷŸĵĭϵֻԸأ˴˲һ칬Բ䣬ѵͲĭԸ𡣡
Сĭĸ涣㵱Ҫˣ
ĭֻһ鷲ˣֻ󸸾ĸȫͷأѾ
ȫȫˣȴẦڤ˵֪ΪΪ֮øγȫһӣڿҹУ졣

ôȥڤ籾ͶԹЩҲǾˮˮల¡ɸ꣬øˣַθ칬̫ƽǣֺγԸˮ𣬿ΪʲôͲܳȫǣѵҪڤĶԹ
ֻһ𣬾ô𡣡̱ڵϣҡ
˭УΨԣ
Ǵ쳤̾һ˫۷·Ѿ˲͸вΪ֪İء

ڽӣ2

ɴ˻üԱǴɵ̬ȴǼΪ
۾ɻǵĭ֮ʱ˽һ˵Ǵ˫ָ´̴档
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ﾲĬΨѩ䡣
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Ҳֹǵģѩվǰ
ʱʼģǲʲôˡǰй칬۾Ȱһ治ô׵飬ͻȻĽЩǣˣѵףǣֶô򵥶Ҹ
Сĭһſ佫ҴӵСû°ɡϸĨ۱߲ᡣſ˵ЩʲôɤȴסʵʲôҲ˵ԽԽǲͣӿ
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㽫СĭŪɽӣŭĿԲ̬ȼΪӡ
Сĭ뷲ҵ⣬ҪҲҵľ˵ϲôȻɡֻ˵ڤĶԹôأСĭ֮鲻ҸģҲǣ칬మأ飬ǺαҪһţȡûȤ
㣬㡭ָ㵱Ϊֻ֮飬ôô죿
ǺţҲᶯҡǵľģԣһȰٷЩģЩ칬ǰȥԸ˼ĵ۾ݡ˵ͷһˡ
Ϊջȴû뵽øꡱһЦһͷ㶵Ŀ˸ΣԲЦ⡣
ĭˣаο΢Цŵͷûһ˿١
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ԣԵɣĪթ
ĸҲЩŵĨῴŸô˵ͱ䣬ղŻһһڤĶԹأȴЦĿ
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ɿ˵ĭĽʵ
۾ҲѾ͸ԵˣǴ΢΢ĬЦ̾˿֪ϲǱ
۾ʹ˵ʲôĸùòǰʵ
ĭĽֻ䷲ô򵥣Ǹйء꣬˵ͷЦҲΪǣԻڤĶԹˡ
ԹĸùҲΪ죬˻
మܳأرڤף׼ֺԹ֮˵Ϊԭղһ𣬱Ĳٲʵǳףȴʼûܿ͸ȻҲǿǵʱ򡣡嵭˵ꡣ
û˿ԥץҵ֣ĶҵСĭĺǣֿԣҵԡ
ˣãͷӦ
ǱĿԴˡǴ̾һֻĸĿһ˲䣬â䣬Ӱˡ
ꡭץ֣жδĿֻţҲķնӵļᶨ
һԵġŸʧĵطĬ

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Ϊѩһҹͣ˭֪һ¾ա
ڷգÿ춼ѩһһôͣôͣ˵öˣÿߵ߻űʱԶͻסǣ϶ͣǲҪػصĿˡ
֮󣬴ѩͣˣͻȻʣεεůھİѩҫ۵Ĺԡ
һľܵѩѩ˴ѩ̣æòֺ
ôȥ棿ԶŲʵ
ū䣬ǲˡ˵ţһֻҲ쵱ȥ
ѵôõѩ浹ǿϧˡԶӵľߣһѽ˻Ǻ˲٣Ծͺ΢ͽ˻
˳˻ŵȥҲ֪˭˵䣬ӲҪ޺۽ķġֵĽشϣ˱ӽá
޺ۼ״ꡱһ漴תֻǱЦһ¿˰Զûݺݵĵ޺һӾôЦ𣿡
޺죬ðŰڰ֣һͨĵӣ֮ǰ˵ʱҲĭҰʵʵģһͻᣬͻᡭ˰š˵ţ޺̲סЦ
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ĭˣѽԺĽңȻůͣҲòܵԺһ
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Ƕѵѩˣܵſҵ־ѩ˸ǰϣҾֱֻģʶյýû취أֻš
ѩˣҵ۾ǰײġˡԲԲͷ۾Һǰһմ˲ٵĺɫϸһԭǹ׺ڣһܲƫеĲڡ룬Իӡ
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ãѩڻҲܿ죬ȴû뵽ѩ쾹ѩʱӵ䡣
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Σ˭칬ļ紺ǵѩ֮Ҳ壬о˿ĺ䣬ȻǴɴôǿ϶Ҳסġ
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Ϯ2

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ĺĭ
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СѾûܱˣɣ̧оĻ߶ǰҷ˿˿۾зѪ⣬΢б֮䣬һϵĹâѾҳ
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øˣգգ۾ô˵ڿԲ¹֮鷳ô˵û˿һǲͿˣ˷ܵĴӵһԾҵһθоԭ̨һĨʹԭôֵá

ݼ1

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ݼ2

˼Σ΢΢ֻĭȻѾ񣬿ԾɲҺһһ䡰
ԭΪǶ㻹㲻յԼˣȴ͸һŭ纮ı׶Ŀڡ
ĭѾɣߵͷġ˵ţǣҵǰһžĹڵϣ۵أȴû뵽ͷصǣĵӳһϵĹ˲Ϯ
ĭ
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ΪŲܹΪϲκһŮӸᷴԣȴƫƫ칬ˣһ칬ۼøγȫ߷߶ŭڴϷ
칬ۼΣΪζͲȢΪ칬ĶԹЩкιϵαһҪǣǵġ
޹أȴйأ˳Ծμͷĸթֺαؿڤ硣˽׼ңǸĳ裬ͲҪ룡
Ҳ˵ǺҸ֮ĶԹԹѾͷˣѵɢȥˣֻ˵ǹ̫խ˶߷߶
խĿбӣһ˫۾ƺҪŭխؼ˭ȵù㸸С֮İȻôӮùңʲô۾һ˵
ҸӲС֮£жЩԵɣ
ҪԵҾ͸Եɣ͵ֱӣǰңмĵ㸸Ҳ̰ɫ֮ˣʹĵַΪ۾λãν伫

νԹ1


˵Ҹˣ̧˫Ķңг˷ŭǷŭ
󣬼ȫļƭˣ߸ϵ۾һαװĴüĿеˣŮαƱ䣬ƭеˡҴһָ죬Цݽһ˫ۣЦĳտӽסĶ
һֱõĵ۾ܸ˸вʣڮĴӵվվֱ۾һգգĿҡ
ڮ٣ߣƲƲǣ˻ҪڮΪ֪֪֪֪׵ĺܡ
ʹڱСʹķѾ֧ŲãʹһͻҵУάɾĸ
ôЦ飬Ϊôһαӣֵã
мڸƱȥȻҪάĸôϳϵĴΪܹɣȻһѩ衣
ϵĹâü΢䣬ɣĭ˲ӳҶ꣬Ҳһ˳κεĹϵҲҸ

һ̻æ֣㻹Ҫ͸ǲǣ˵βˡݹָ˸棡һɨ½ɢ˷˿ŭ
һзҪɢǣǸɣѺĭԼ棬ͻسŵĭ˵ȻҲøĭžĹڵϣˡТߵͷ֮侹ΪôһŮж⸸Ե
ʱҲһŮҵǰߵһ
ŮʱҲôľΪǸ߸ϵˣ㲻ϧ÷ң޷˵֪һôʹ
ȥУҾͲںӱ㡣
ǵóʱϣɴˮȻһЦҼ¡ڶӣÿҰɴϰճϢദʱ¶ģй֮һҪҸȢΪޣܵ㣬ӣ
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ǰ˵Ը⡱ʱ֪ҵʱʲôܡҲţҹ꣬ȴвᴽ΢һ仰
ʱҲڷУȴǺһλã̫
֪϶ְȨ㣬Ȼôÿ峿ŵķ㣬ÿ߶ζÿնЦÿնܿϲϡŹֵĶҿЦı㻮ʱǿŵˮһĻĻҵǰ
ҲͻôҶȥ
ŮΪ㣬ԸֳԾ
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գҪΪŮɣҪΪҵޣһһ룡
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ɢը죬ؼ羭һĺƽ٣ûֹǣûܾȵ㡣
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㵭Ȼ˲ɵŭգαػ⸱²ؼӣֱӵַõŮôĿ
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ŮŮڰģӳۣĿҵŮ
ңԺҲᣬҵŮԶֻǿĵŮ
飡
˭ҲעʱУǰȻȻΪ
˭һŮ𽥵ģȡ֮һ۾ף𽥵ʣһ̫룬ϺʮȻڤ̫ӺαҪŪŭԹſϰݡʱУʱĪǿ󡣡
ƥ򣬽飬޹أЩݹҲ
̫ӵ²Ҫŭҿŷ䣬ǵķѾ֮ˣΪξͲƽľĺú̸̸һҪ󶯸ɸ꣡
ֳʤͻȻܳͷҲͲнյ⾰
ǣҧݺݵĵһģ
ŮʱӦѾҵޣڤ磬Ҳ֡۾ˡ

νԹ2


Լ򲻹ңۿžҪΪܱ֮ȴһ֣ǵʱŮմҵ˼ʱҽ»ɢﻹнյĵ۾ڤ籾޵УʱûƬ̵ͣЪҲҲѾУһͳڤ磬ҿ۾ʲôʱǰһݡ
ȥĲŮǷҵһġֶλҵһ˵սȴ˲ҲҳƵ۾ʵαĺܣ
˽׼ңʵڤ棡ҲҵĶŮ˺ΪһĭԸԼҾ֪һĳ͵Цء
֮Уĭһڵϣɫĵذʯ澧Ө͸ӳŶ˵ʹաžžѪ˳ǻ䡣һҵĶСô㣬ʱܹʹɶĭҲˡΪƫƫ֪жô칬֮ˡ
ɶĭΪ㼸ȴԾɺúõǣڿ˵ȴһֱֻĺ̡ģȥΪܿ
ǲǿϳϣĭѾǶޣֻ϶ҲֻǸ߸˿ԻڤĶԹãⲻˣڷĭһһҲϣҪɧšٴߵͷĭƬ̣Ȼתĳſߡ
꣡˫ðŭҪΪĸ
ͻȻͣסӣδ֪ƢģҪһУҲģ˵꣬ǣ֣һЦͷҲصǰߡ
鷢ģԶᣡǽӽſڵһ̣ȫķĻĵĹâôˡŸɺԵ촽¶ЦվĶԹɣծӳ۾ɶ
žĺڵĴ֮Уţ֮޲ĭ֮ˣǺǺǺǡ
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һ㡣ʹͷյȭͷҿóʱţնǵĸ֮飬ӴˣҲҵĸҲҲǹӣֻİ·ˣ
ĿеᣬͬĭʧǰǵһӨޱȡ
ȻҴﵽĿģΪҵȴû˿Ŀ֡ûǲܺ칬Ϊ׼ңǱһԵֻǽԵսᡣҵȰô֣ҲͲн飬ǵ۾Բҵ飬ҲнĭĲûд
ѾﵽĿģøΪƲְ֮ʱ֮жһˣѾ֪ȥӦǺҵİɣԺӦҵࡣ
۾ȻѾˣֺαضزЩ˵ĹҲмһ۽ɨΧ
۾ͬıһ⻹ǵһǸúúдǡֻǸղŻĭһѾ̫෨ʱٳ֣¶
ӣǸոӦÿĭҷһ˰ɡüʣҵǣõĵ۾ԼŮôûҲȣõıǴɼԼİͽô۸Ҳ֨һѵ˵λҲµֵز˳ȥʧ϶棡

νԹ3


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ģҵȻģûɱĿģҺ޵ҧгݣһ⸱òȻӣŮʱ
㻹Ǽ£̾˿̧ͷʹɱľͻĽһΪ㰮Ůʣ㰮㰮ĲԼ
ҰŮҲҡŲɢǣŮôҶȥ
ˣİŮ᲻֪ĸҹǿ뿪㡣ңԸΪľ֮λݰ㰮Լֱֻ֪ˣȴû뵽Լ⡣ҪĶӲԶˣΪԼİļ֣ϧΪҲҪءҵŮңܵõһݰ⣬Զ󼰵ġ
ģµ㻹ЩĶΪ칬۾ȴʵǶ棡
Ȼ˵ŮమôôΪҵһ仰㣬еԵѵûкúϸһ£͸Щʲôˡ۾仰תȥһɨ𳾣
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ʦǡҲ⣬֮ǰ֣ҲӦѾڹҷΪλţ̬š
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ȥĹ룬ÿҹɵǿʯ֮ϣԲȱһ£ķ

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һģұȥϦڷݡҶôϣ޺ҷµĴѾأǴ˵ģǵҲǵСһ֮Ƿ칬ԾɻһԼżˣá
ȻԾҪȥĸľǸӵĽҶҲ⿪ɻδȥȰ˵ĸȴˣ£ֻŵӰˣֻôһ仰ʧӰˡ
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