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һûһţתۼ䵽ʱ֣տʼʷŰ׹⡣˵Ҹûȥˣ˵ãȻ뿪
˼һͷվԭأǹǳǳЦ
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һֱΪǸÿʵˣһаʵȻںĺܶೡҿ嶼ǹģҴ˽ɡ
ҽڶΪġ
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δŪŮӵݣǵйļϸ
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ҸоԼǰ㣬װɫʯǰԽԽ
ͻȻһסҵֹҵͷ͵ܽӴ




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һعͷʱ򿴵壬ԡҵ۾ҿı飬ֻ˵Ͳ̫ˡ
ԺĽӹе룬һ
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ҿǵıӰϣԽĺܹһõĽϣԼһͬԽǰʦȴԶֻҵ֣ԣϣ˯ѡ






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áԽҵֱ۸һ˳ȥ




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֬ŵþһ㵽󣬾Ͳûιȥ
̾˿ҡҡͷоϢֹԳΪаãŽ̲ġ
֬ҵ½ǣϽѲżľ
ҽСǰߣ˵Сֱ룬˵ʲôҺ
Сø֦ѲżҺȻżɢһײģּƬּƺϤ
ص޹С䣬ǲǵðѲżӵˡ
˵ǵá
˵ǰһɡ
ҿǰװɫİײƳɵĲżһʹѾȫεֻʣ½ƵĲϺģּ
СҪҪȥ飬˵ãվֻһֻССĲżѣ⺦ˡ
ߵǰŴԲԲһѻĴҵĶ䣬һعͷ˿޹ɴϵĲż紵ŷ˼£䵽ϣճõɢ俪ɫڷƯһɫĽ䵽ϡ




ԩܾ

С䣬ŴϡҴ˴˿մīд˵
Сǰȥϴߵűߡ
С侪һһѷɵϡ
ô£ǰȥϵĵ滹ŵѪ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲһûŪôµʱ򣬴Ѿ߹ҵ޹Χˡ
ҿվǰǸǵĸճۣվǰŭҡ˵ǵΨһһȨɵˣȻѸߣɲꡣѽֱκ˶ģͨ˹عһضܣοҴôǰڹء
ҹǰ޹к£
ŭһһҧһ䣬޺һߣ
һȺѵݵҵĲϣȻҼ˳ȥ
Сںе
һعͷС亰סҵī֮󣬰ðѹãŪˡ
СͷϣСҵ˼
ұһȣڵţʪĵ棬ÿŴкֱܶ󺰡ԩѽ·Ǵӵ﷢ģëȻҲ˸
ұƽһû˵ηڵϡ
ڸʲôʡ
һӵĵңҪҳԵһڽϣʱսʱɿ˵㻹װ𣿼ȻϷѾˣӦиˣʲôһҪñ˵ô
˵ĻһҲףץҲøһǡɡ
šһţͻȻһ飬һ۵ĹҵϣǲײĲѽɱŮѵ֪ô
ʲô֤֤Ǳģ
֤ݣЦһóһ˿俪Ϊ󻭵һϵӺݴȣ˵΢Цţǵõʱӹʱ򣬺ǿģ˵Ұ̫ˡ
ǸӺݻȻǰֻһЦһ򭶼˹̶ѣԱƽ˼Ѫ֡ɱҡҿóּһƽʹ
ѽû뵽ôݶ߽ʱҾȰƺţִҪ㵱ѣ˵Ǹɽ֮ˣĽΪѣôô񶾵ĺͲǴô
ҴӻƿߣŭʹŤսڶڶȫڶˮ۾˳ϵһֱ䵽ʪĵذϣ顱һ
Ҳվǰľǵ߳Ƶǵҽ׵ʱһĽ;һûгĺӣ˵ĸʱӢսҷǳ۰жæȨλжߣһصҾſڵ棬ĸſɸ״Ϊңһְ
Һֱ׳ĸҺģǵеʱҷҵﾹȻܣһҴˣһʼʹˡ
￴Ҳ˵ǷŭĬˣֽĿңֱָҵĺͣ£һһٵ˵ΪʲôҪɱ
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鶯һ£ʲôùһѶ̵ϳҸղϰǰѡʬѾŮϵ˿ھǱѵ̵ġ
޴ӽͣվϡѪգֱ˵֣ҲûȨңӦԴ
һЦΪҲ֪ʲôעôǱԻͷһڶͱΪɱôûôɵһ֮ǰ
ҿһۣߵŴĻ¯˵ν»㣬ֻʣһˣһ¡
ＥЦ˵ͲϷˣ͵Ľ֣ҿնࡱ˵ְѽָҵüġ
ұ۾һԪϣԩ֪ұɣʹٽҲͽֻͣԸһʽҲ˵㶯˽̣С֮һӢ
һĬϵĽ˵ãϷȫ㣬֮Ͻ̳ն̣
ûС
ߣ˳ȥηﴫľͺԩĳ
ǽǣ˼֪ʲôʲôʱ˯ˡ
㱼оҵļԺ۾һ˳ǰҳһΪɱҵģ׼˵ʱһϤҵĶ䣬ҡ
壡ҾһסͣһСƣǰ֡
壬ôˣ
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ģϵѾˣѾ˵ˡ
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̽ƵĿңһҴûмı飬£Ҹо߱һ紵ڿˣҵĶĤѵôϲô
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Ҳ֪ǲ˺壬ֻ֪ҵѾˣȻĳҵĿģ֪ʲôʱͻ뿪ЩȷȷҵֹһԶĨȥĻ䡣
ǣߵǰ˵壬ԲЩҪΣÿ˶ΣҲһ֮
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Ҿڳʪ谵ĵϣ˵Ǿ仰֪ҷҵǰһƬģˮһһεĵһֱߡ






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֪˶ãҲ֪ǰ컹ǺҹһȺԩҵֱˡ
һ˽ԸҴȥ
ܺڣ֦ͷȴɢޱȰĹ⣬ֻգ۾
ȻҹҪҴ
һĴŴˣ¯еĻߺ͵˸ţһҡڣ͵һء
򰵵ˣϰ̾ߣһŹŰӵһ޻ζţϵһЩһҲ֪ǻ϶ƤѣѪģ
һŹñڰǰվʾҵϡǰ¯ҾеͷΡ
ٰһ͵ǰ˵йٴˣķ¼
йԵķ˷ߵǰ´һ£̧ǶСİḡЦǹѼƵɤѽǸǵѽϧˣӡ
бһۣǼϳһŶĺ룬һڲӬ棬θʱڣѾûԶˡ
йٿͻȻִϣ
ٻæܹȰ裬򲻿ɣѽ
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˹ÿ֣һΪΪۣ
ӴӴ˻ͦиԵģҸʲôѽѲңٺ٣ҿɲ£¹º½Ҿǲ¹Ҫ֪⣬ÿж˻ʲôûУҲǻĺúõġ
һ࣬صûмܻųȥģҲôţ²УֻпˣڵΨһ
ЦһΪһܴٴ滹֮֮ڴҾ֮ǰˣѾʤ̣ڻع·ϣ֮һܸϵû
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йٵҲζһ£Ȼջأ˿ܵˣܵæջǵߣͷȥ
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һһܣ¯ﵽպմѪļа廹пǽһϡŹֵ̾ԼЩŰӵϵĳޣ룬˵С
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ʵҵƤֻ֮࣬ǼȻһұûνҲһС
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ӽʻֵվǰֵˣҲѹ֣ɷ¶Ǵ乬ڹ̣ڴ̵ֹ֮ʵǺҵ£ǰ
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òװִ˷ҴѺҹڸ߸߹ն¡̧ͷնҼ׸ߵĵطҲмٽذɣ֪⵶˶ԩˣˣԩôԼ֪
ٴοߵļն̨µʱҵһⶼûУҪ˵ϧͿϧңˣ׵
֪ǲÿ̵ʱ򶼽ʱ̣ǵʦҵʷϴ඼ǣ̧̧ͷҾʱ仹磬ϣأԭÿڱʱ򶼻־ټǿҲ⡣
ҺܿնΪҵĶˣֱնʱҲĳǵȴʱ̵ģɡ
նǰնұ۾Ժֳ︡ɵӣ֪ڵһ᲻üһ˿أ
ߴ΢ԽԽԽԽΪҲĻþһϤԶˣпʹ
۾壬ͬʱҲնİӰԭնкһʱſӣ̾һʦˡ





һδƽһ

ʱ·ֹûнкûʹУֻȺһƬľΪˣ۾ʱʵ磬յ̫Ȼ߹ңΧ۵ڶŴʹǣһĲš
⵽ô£
̧ͷͷϾ޴ն߹ҽһ׵ĵطͣסնӱһѳмŲȻľϣĿɿڴĿǰѻλƵĽ֪ôôĳܹסһٽصն
һ˼һеʱһӰѴϷԾԿٶҵǰץҵļ򣬵ͷնɳ۳ȥ
塪һʱûдӸղŵлι
վһԾɵն֮ϣһնĳʱնһڵϣĽ̳𣬴ҷ׷ס䡣
ɽϱɺڳѽнʣֱϼն̨ǰƣּ֮࣬Ѻ
İ𣬡Ѿʲôģ
岻վɫĪ뿹ּ
沿鶯һ£˵ּҺΣ
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㡪ָ̧üüëšһţȴ˿ηߣȻֱ
ãŷ֣ͷǰͻȻ͵һϣӦ飬Աߵ˳ȫҾҪʱȴ˵˾䣬Ѻȥ
ұѺϣҲͬС
壬Ҹղĺܺ㶯֣Ҹоϵɱҿ˿ΧСĶ˵
ʵ׼֡Цһ
Ǻ
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廹ŵĻش
ֵĿһᣬǴ͵ĿҲɵĽ
塱ỽһ
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˵ûлڼٴּһ飬ƽ͡
һعͷǰһƬڣһֲԤӿͷٴҲ϶ͷ̨ǰԼ𺣣Ҳܡ
˾飬壬Ͽ߰ɣ֮ǰûл֮ǰϽ뿪ԽԶԽá
ЦЦղŵĵȥˣ׼ߣҪһߡ
ʲô
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ʱҵôҲƽˣ岢˽ҵݣҲҵʹЩҲԶ޷ס
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循ϲĿңе㲻ŵ˵úúá
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һӺηذ˵˳ǿӲݣһѿʯ壬϶΢Ļ⣬Ὺʯ壬̽ͷѹ˵Ѿ˹ˡ
룬ʯ崦ȥסҡ
һŻһǰߡ
Ż˸Ĺ⣬һһܣӦһصֻ߳ǲ֪ͨ
񿴳ҵʣ˵ͨ⡱
ô֪һܵҰŵǼη
ǺǡЦ֪黹кܶ࣬Ժһ
֪岻һ򵥵ʦһ򵥵ʦôߵ书ôļıʲô˶˵Ҫÿ˶ܣֻҪ֪ҵѾͿˣĶ޹ؽҪ
Һܺ棿عͷʡ
ǵġ̹ȻԼ뷨
֪ʲô𣿡գգ۾ɵʡ
롱ҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô΢΢üɻʡ
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ĿһۣҼǰߡ
ϲˮô
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ˮôΪû壬ٴβһ䡣
Ҳ֪ҳʼҾ½ģ²ˮҴûԹԼ֪
˺þãǰһƬˮȥ·
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ҿһۣ˳ӵı۾
סҵȻͨһһԾˮ
Ȼĩ첢ⰵˮ¶ȴǵ͵˼£Ϊڻ谵ĵطԵʰɡ
ûϵˮеӦôȫܺȽ񱻲סһöҺߣȻˡһᣬվͦȥоҵķοըˣȫ䣬ܿһоûˡ






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¯ҵԴ˵һһƬհףһ룬ҾͨһŽŶŶ
ʦʦһһߺ˽µʯľһֹǧٶȵǸӰӡ
Ҳϵıšкţֱһʯͷ
һֱֻ۴Ӻҷ
ʦҾһعͷץסֱۡ
ȻҵЦݽϣǰŸӵ
ʶҵʧ̬һʱ֪룬岻ұзŵϣȻóҩҷš
Ϊ˴ƽ֣˯˶ˣ
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ģ̧ͷٴι۲һܡ
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ŷҵɤɳƵģȵʹ
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˯û뵽ҵˮԻôƺľȫ
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ȻתĽסҵĻŭ˵ʦͽҲһҪ
ҵһӺˣǱһţӲʹƽޱ˳Цҵĸ飬Ǻݺݵĵһת˳ȥ
ûеֻͨģȴ䲻ĳЦңʲôѽϲһдôƾʲôҪŭңһѡ
һһܣ֪ܵһƽ̹ɽϣ̧ͷһֱԼ۾ﾹһƬĺһ޼ʵĻɫõĻ䣬ڳҫ·Ķҫ۵Ĺ⣬̫ˣ
ܽȥվڻУûһԴһҪʦһƬһ֣Ҫһļ滶裬Щҵ鶸Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ղŵѿѾȫȻʧˣܾûɹˡ 
ҿʼԼһ龰ʦһԸ٣žȻһţ۾ţһжҵģ˵ġ
ȥʱѾ˷ˣһȻЦЦʢ÷ߣѾȫˣס˵лл
屻ͻĶһϵķ˶лʲôŵʡ
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Һ˵ҿȥˣҲɨˣЦŵͷ
磬Ҷ嵽׽㣬˵һҪһóԵĳлҲȻܣȥҲϣȻɽϣʳȴǷḻӦоС
ʱһϣȻѾܾûˣͣҺҲܾ
ԵĺܿģͣɵЦͣĿ佱ҵգٺõʳҿжζͬɫѾڣұڳԵʱҼװʣ壬Ǹ¯оô
ȻҵĲؾơ
Ǻһɡҽ˵
Ҳ£áǴһơ
ݡҾٱ˵
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ϣΨһĿľǰѾûʱˡ
ڣڴƱҹеʱԺſˡ
壬塭СĽ˼ûӦóĽɴ˿ĵͼ߳ݡ 
壬Բ𡭡




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ҽŲͣϢɽ¸ϣʹ·ƬʱҲ˿ֻͣ۶ѡҲ֪ľΣԸɽ֮ǰҪѹҲϣѹ֮ҵһƬġ
ɽˣĺ˿ͼӦߣһƬôҵõأ
һĪչʱǰʦҹĿҵһơ
ȻϵǺܶ࣬һŻǺҵģ˳ķǰߡ
ʱĺۣһ޼ʵĻɽ֪ߵʲôʱǾͷһ·ϿĿİˤýŶˡΪԼ̽·û뵽һжǿ룬ô۾ֻܿϡǹ⿴·ǺõĻĶûܸ˿ԭڵҾһͨ˶ѣҪ־ֻܹʦִⲻѧϰա
ոϢһ£ϤϤǰ洫һŲƺǴѵ
׼ǰͻȻʿ϶˵
豳ôɳ׷ӷҪҪ˻ѽ
˰㣬˵ˣѾˣûûҹңűɳʲôԩѽ
˵ʲôڵҲҪҵƵġ
ɱŮ֮ѽ㶮ʲô
˵ôӳȥģ
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һȺǰɳ۶̤һ̳
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Ϊʲôվһ߸˵Ĳǰƽһʡ
׼ǰֳˡ
˵ʲô֬ɴ˿־˫涵ĿңһֻܾС
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ߵſڣûлͷ˵֪֮Ļɡ
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ǲǱѽԽģõѣȻԽദʱ䲢ܸ࣬о׽ܴܹǰҰɣⳡ¾͸Ҫˡ
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ؿͷҵǰԺ
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ݵƽûдҸᪿһѩʱ򣬼ˣͬʱһŮӣ槼
СƣôˣС޾ɵĳԴڴǰʵһѾͷûһͣͣҲզզ˵꣬˿ȴԴɵһ죬׷ɵѩˮʪ·δע⵽Ҹͬôôûм
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ҸؿͼͷѰңγĻĵѾ˲ؿ磬۴Ӹϻҵϲؿûв˵Ĳģκ˶ǡ 
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ǣû뵽һ̫ҲϧˣȻһĶ̫ĻҲܹߡһ߿ڵϵĽǰȥ۱ߵĹŮڵϡ
ūǲȫ֮ˣҶӣūֻǼ乬ðͲŰȫԼϡ
Ҳ޷ˣʣΪһ֮ĸѹɵôץǰΪѳջŮΪס޹кô๬ֻ֤һʵĶʸ
㡪ת߳ŭָֻһָ䷢֨֨ҺȻסҲʱ龰ɴ졣תǰݺݵ˵ҽһжˣҷȥûзס㣬ǼȻˣҾͲˡ
ҿһһϣȴһ仰ûңΪʲô֮ǰʶңѽҲ࣬ҲֻǼ᪵ˣô˵ʶ˼ʮƵġˣָӦ槼ɣ˵ҪˣԩޣҪԹ
㵽ôٸȥҪɱҪ㣬ǷؿģֻҪȫʬҾˡ
ȥüƮһĨЦź˵˾䣬Ҳȥӣôô񶾵ֶΣ
δ̫ˣʲôõңôҲﳼ֮ŮӦг͢ãͲٴô槼ǰʲô˽˶ԹҲû˽ѽһʲôʸĸ£
ЦˣЦôЦȫ飬ΪҵĻ
ءЦϣҶ˵㻹װͦģΪԼ槼ѽ
ҳԾĿԭ֪Ҳ槼ĥҾͲΪ槼г𣬶Ϊг𣬿ļôôǵá
ԸԳİҴżǸʵʩ̵֮ĵط˵кܶ໯ɻҵԩΪ޷Ͷ̥ۼڵڣĴε
һƽȥҾ͸о󣬴ͷһֱֺ䡣߽ȥʱһڽ̣֮һܳͭͿ͸࣬ȼ̿Ǹ˱
߹ȥ˼ȥͱһ𻯳ɻˡ
һعͷҧ˵ݣϧûɱҵɣ㻹ûҳ֤Ҳ
槼֤ݣҲûа취֤ӳ乬ġ
ұһ˿ϣֿ槼㲻ûж˼ģջҪ֪ԼŮƽ¸мһȻҲָֻ֤Ҫؿ槼صĺãû˿֤Ҳ槼ͬոսҲûָ֤Ǵ乬ӳģ乬Ȼû֤ݡ
ЩԽƺκãЦ˵ɣɱ˸ͲҪ֤ݣҲɣرŮˡ
ҳ׾ˣֻϣ漣֣ҿǲʦңΣյʱҲҪ취Լ壬ûˣҾҲزȥˡ
ôͷ˿˺۵Ľװҹеӣ˵Ҫýȥ
ɫҰ׵Ŀպͭ˶촽û˵ӵˣԼһһ˵
Ůеԣûҳ󣬿ҴôߵЬǸ׻ȥˣɣϧҵƬһֺǸҵΪֹδˣˣôƮȻô᲻ںʹ
ţٴοǰͭʱҵ⾹˺֮ܶ࣬ʱžʵɿ¡ͭʼ򻬣ſ˫СǰߣЦ첢ôȥҲûϵҵƽôãһһǰŲһֱŲм䶼ûеȥҪؿϣʱҪұƽ⣬ʱһܱԹΪΪңû뵽ؼʱ̻ˡ
̷̳Ĺ涨ܴ߹ȥģӦ⣬Ǳ㲻ΪңĿһ˿ϣ󵽽ڵɫһѿŸʱԶ֬һȡ
ǷܹȥɲԴӦһ£ͷҲּۻۡ
Ȼԣ˵Ҫܾ
ллǷȥ㲻ҪΪûʲôԱ𽭻ģνӹһ٣Ȼ˲ŹңλỹĶ飬Σյʱ̶ûаҹٴ
ҴӦ㣬Ҫл֮ǰΪҵūſǣҿ㻹ȹ˼Լɡ
ĵЦҸоЦеĹ죬ͷ¿ȴԽԽˣЬ׿챻ˣһ˼ӴƵģҸϽǰȥ
ʦͲؿƽʱҵĽ̵һûѧͨûģһʧȥǣʱǡ嶯ħһżͻ嶯һǰںܿ͵յʱһǻȥ
ܵĻǰԽԽˡȣҷһһȡ˵Ľ̵һ±ô





ٹϼ槼

кܶ漣ҿӵʱȻ˾𣬵漣ҲȫǺõģҵǸ
ʵֺΪֻǺŰ޵ΪȥĴţӦý
ڿԾʱô޷ʷǸ̻ĵϵûаҲûнеֻһֵˡ
㡭Ѿ߷ס
û°ɣ۰ڵĻеҡ
ûû¡Ȼ𣬷Щ֪롣
Ǿͺá˿סҵȴԽԽ˿ûҪɿ˼
㲻Ծǻ͸֪ġڶ
̧̧ۣƽͣﳼջŮ㲻ҡһ£˿ǰӽ˵ҹ²Ǹ˵ôҪʹˡ
㻹ٺһɻԭôôĶԵң뿪ʱվں˵
˵һᲹ㡱ͣһ£ûͷƽ͡
Ϊô࣬ҪľĲĲǾǸϵȨЩ˵ҪԽԽ
ͷǸȻĿ˵ֻܸЩ
ȻҾֱ˳ȥżﴫ˹Ŀ
ص͹ҷڴϣʣû˵ҪҪҰһ£
ƿ֣˵ǽǣ˵áǷĺ˸㲻һһһ˷θӢ۾ĴϷϧҲһס
ԲҵĶξǧ֮⻹ûмŭȻʼҵǸΪҵԭܾˡ
ҺһͷȥϷ̵ı罪ڡ
ˣ㰲Ϣɣұ֤û˻˺㡱Į֪Ȥ뿪ˡ
ϴһȥǺܾû¶棬ҲֻʵʵĴ޹һЩĵľᣬȥߵͷһðԾԼķʽ
ҵϢһǺйɵģǽӶľټѾ֪˴ߣʳѰһ۾ܸо˷˫ڶңذϡǽ϶ǡ
ѾҹˣϵľᣬҿʼڴϱĿϢһֱ޷ߡŹ˺ܾãкĽŲ˶ʱëȻֲǸŲҴرͣˣָҵĶͷŵĲҶֻ絴
ĶᣬҲůů¶ȣôͲǹꣿҾ΢ȳƵĺȷһǸˣǸɫ֮ͽȻҹ͵Ϸôĵӣ
ȻѸײڶٶץס֣ҵ֮ͻȻϤ׻һѸٵ
û뵽ŵģͬҲһð˵ԡԲŵ𣿡
ǹҲ֪ðôһ仰
Ȼˡһºش
ԡҡͷǸģһԼе뷨Ӧָ֪˭
ûлش𣬵ͷ˵Ϣɣҳȥˡ
Ϊʲôһش𣿡ҶıӰʼƣһֱұôΪʲôңҵȴ˵ʲôαôɴһ㣬硱
˺ܾãعͷһЦ˵Ҳ˺㣬ңҲеǸϣҺʲôֻ֤֮ĲҺͬһһ֪
Ļκ΢ĺ⣬һʱԻһһģһǳûطаơ
طǰǧ˿ƵĹϵ֮䵽ʲôϵãȻ󲻰ΪѾǰһ㹻Զˣ¿ʼµԼװڴǰƽȵĿհף֮ǰʲôûУҵʦʲô˶ʶǸöá
ҹץס֮ˣҲʱһԱ߸٣Ҵûп٣һֱʱҶͻպܺ档
¸ٵӺˣ˿ûаһ˼еƮȻݿݵ͸ŵˣ˵ĿԣҳģҾĲ˺ңи飬ҵľʱʱҲһϵĻ⣬ʱкʵЦݡ
ûô׷Źңﲻ͵͵СҶģҲܿĳ˵ֻһпվͻص޹Աߣ֪ڱңֻҲΪʲôô
ÿ춼ϳ˵Ǵǳ󲡺£ԳͥȶʷĳֵôתҲܺ棬ֻǲȥധ⣬һ˳Ȼͺá
ȻȶǺȴһ㣬֪ǼǺ޻ǱϴӣֻʱѹֵһȺȺɱԹ乬ӣ֮ơ
ұЩҲûȥܣƫƫһӳ޹űҵȺ
ȾҰɣҸս涼ûмôܹأҽһĿͷ
ʲôʱ³ԱߵѾߡ
ս飬Ҫһ㡱Ѿ߸˵꣬Ǹ־
Ƚȥһ£ܿͻġҼӣǴҪԣֻǵҾͺһڵҺ⣬һּȿ־ͿȥһҾץסһݣʵڲĿ
ҿǲҪµĺãӳģӦðͻȥŶԣǻġҷʱԱߵѾ߲ʶʱ˾ѡ
һջˣȥԱѾ߻һηԭȵĹͳͳʧֱԴǵĸ˵ȥҹܶˣҪ˵Ļȹһء
Ѿ߲Ļһ䣬ǣūȥȻҡڵ˳ȥ
Һ޲õһƣһѾô
¸ᶨҪͷֹΪҲΪҡ
ոնڣʹһ˺ƺƵĽˡ
֪ǰΪ£
ѵﲻ֪ǰĿôб˵һɴҷ緶
֪
֪ڣĴ˿ӣѣ
ţҵǰ˵Ѿôʲôط
޹޹ʸѡȴɱ
ƾʲôʡ
ƾƹܺ󹬡Ц˵ȻԺ˵˾䣬ôѵҪԶ֣
׷ƹңĴһ㱻˳ŵĿҪȥƿ㵽ҵ󣬽ҵ·ȡ
ǳЦһ˵ÿ
ҲأͻȻһ֡
ôͱˡ̧֣һѾ߰һ֧ݵϣסϼȻ󻺻ǣ׼ȷ˵Ƕ׼ҡ





Ӣ۾Ľ

֮УһξңҲ⣬ΪʱѾվֻǲ֪ΪҪȼʱǰǰֻǵʱ˵ôһ
£Ұ˿ڣû˵ͰڴϿұֱŵİֱϵѪգǴֱ۵ģ̫ҽҩˮȴִҩ˵ֵ֪̫࣬÷з
Уһǽ̫ҽɡҵΰֹѪֹסʱ̲סˡ
ˡЦ˵㣬ҩڲɴϣȻϾͿˡ
ĿôԿȻȰѲҩٲɴúܶ࣬Сİòɴ̧ͷʱҵѾĺܽˣȵĺе
⡭ôҲ̫Ȼʣָȴ˿ڡ
ӴʹĽг
ôôûŪʹ㣿ְ˽ŵıֱ۽ŵʡ
Ǻǡȴ͵͵Цҳӵ񣬲żװסԲ
Һ˿ʵӴһʱҿʼôִˣ̶ʱѾΣһΪǹģĸжˣΪңΪ˵ʱȫɢ޾ˡ
Ҳ֪֮ʱȴϮһů⡣ĴĸҵĴôͻȻûԤףҵĴԿʼңɵɵ̧ͷ۾ƾҵǰܽȻȻбңһģһҲ˺ҰɣֺαطôۣȺ̫ࡣ
ţҾȻҾʱ૵Ľгˣ
СȴȻˣͻȻͣϵı۸ӵĳֳҺ֪׷ʲô飬ãȻĬ
վߵߣȻͷıȫܹҹҲǸ߹ô˲ܻڹȥѧǲӵδΪʲôƫƫ
ô֪˹ȥô֪йȥҽתһ۾ʡ
ղűˡһü
ҽ˭ˣͷЦʡ
ٴ
㲻ôҰʤϲװһ
ҡͣо壬Ĵȥŵ档
ţߵǰʤ׷ѵ㲻𣿡
֪Ҹһ˵ֱĳڴϡ
ô֪ô֪˵˭˵ҾŹǰ췭ȥһ˼Ǿݿɣɽģƴģټĳ֣еıʵȵȼԽԽ϶Լ뷨
槼
ϲұסͷǰ̾˿˵֪㣬ǰҪˣǰ鶼ȥˣǶҪȥ룬Ĳˣ̣ûжٹĥģÿ˶Լʹʹ֮ǰҲжݵץסҲֻôˣһúϧô
̧ͷҵͷʣԭһúϧô
ԭ⡱
ϲңͷҵľһȹ˭ʲôϵ
Ūеʣڿ̹Ȼ˺ˣһ֣ŵҲܱ֤Ҳܱ֤쳤ؾãľһߵʱú㣬㣬ȥֲϱӶĿǷ
΢Ц˵͹ˡʮֿģҲֻôˡ
ڹȥˣ̵ʱֻˣ޹һҿŸ߸ߵĹǽź̾
ôˣ¾߹ңҵļϡΪʲô̾
ôõֻܴôȥߡΪһֱҲƽʱ޹ȥϡ
ѽǡԥ
˵˵ѣ㲻÷ϡвʣҲΪѣϾҲΪҺá
ԲЦĺǿҸоʲôתһһֱҶ±ãίǷʲôˣôѻ
ûɵԴŸոðѿɽȵʱһһ龰һһϲ
ҵ룬Ȼվɵ˵ɣ
ȥ䣬̵ĽַǷһϲ
ģϲ
Цŵͷ
죬һҾͿʼ׼Ǵƽ·ѲûдҲû֪ͨκˣϢĳȥˡ
һҲô죿ǰ棬бʡ
ֻһͻû˻֪һҶ͵͵˵
һԹôֵĻе᲻á
ģһԡЦŴ𣬽鶼ܺãûڹеСĺѹ֣Ȼޱȵɡ
ǰһҿջʼͽ͡
㿴ô˻һƯĻΰڵĿĿϾӡ
ҪϲҶ㡱󷽵ͳǮңҲİϲĶͳͳ
ߵһ̴ĵطפ˺þãһĪļ¶ʹǰȥһڱǰ˺þãۿʼģζĳеģֻϵ̴ζȽϵûϵôŨǸоվһЩʱʹȥأصԽԽͻȻ
ϲǾֹ͡
ûСһͷεĿղʧ̬ھ˵һҪúϧһʱ⣬ȻܲסԼˣǸ
ŶǾͼǰаɣǰһҺζĲ˹ݣȥȻ֪ʲôҵ֪ĺ٣壬ǾͲˣ岦ҵҵԺÿ𶼻ʹıԸӡ
ʲôóԵģöˣ߰ɡŬջ˼ֱ۾ֱ߿ˡǹȥӵδҲǣֻоȥҲܹĸá
һ죬УȻδɫѰǱû
ȥˡ
ֿʼ̧ͷϵǺȱ˺öֻ࣬ʣһһĴе䣬չδɢ
ϣǵʡ㻹ǵôҵһνĹʱԼϵģŴѩֻǵһʶ
ЦЦ˵
ôǵˡҲҺò¸һǰʱ⣬Ȼֵȱȱ
ǵãֻǰҲˡǸ˵
ǰ鲻᣿ô˶ô˵С
ˣȻͣ£ݺ䣬ˣ
ûУҺ㲻Ҫ롱ôһؼʱ̾Ͱղסִأǧ֪򡭡Ҳ
ڳ˼ҸϽȥɣĺ䡱ʵð亹ܺ뵽Щʲô
á˶¿ǰǸ£࣬ͼٴδ˼άһֱҲ⡣
Ҳҵˡ
·һʱһȺ˵סǵȥ·






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书ǿһҴӲɣǼǰڵĵɽӵĵǲӵгǿգҪһŲ̵ġһ˫ɱ˲գۡ
ұڻ˶Կ⽣ӰеѣΣҿۣȴϵİҺ´Ѫɺӵ龰ٴμǸϤ
Χٶ𽥼ռϷ磬ȴˣÿһжǷأûй˻ǰǰŰΧȴðȻǰγ˶žơ
ڶһתȥһ˳ûӺϮԤϣ嵽һ˲ѸٻһæֱĲϣֵĵɴ۾
ɱҰɣҲġƽƽĿᶨ˵ƣҲʮ꣬ģۡ
ҹ۲һòȻĿ϶ӣ᪵ˣ
ڣȴȣйº㣬½ְΣ
ҪңɱҸĸֵܣڻҪңΪҲ֪ƭҽȻ֮ңһĵô
һʱĳĬҲ֪ʲô֮Ǻ˫ְں档һֱΪʲôΪʲôѰ·ٽصʱеĽס˵ֱۣȻʱһ㷴ûС
ҹǣŵʱǵ춼￴ѺǵǸץĺ꣬ʱѾͨڵ·㣬סǵļȴǺܴ۹⻹мֵӺͲһ˳ȥʹһȥͬʱϵķⲼϵҲֻһһεľǣҪҶԿԼ
ʣˣһһĿŴ⡣
룬˵Բܿˡ
˼֪֪Щ?ؿ᲻ʲôϵʻʱһڳ˼֮УûзӦ
Ȼˣʣϲˣû˵ʱһֱϲȴ׼ҽ̫ƽˡ
ûУûСһعЦŶ˵˶ʡղΪʲôˣǰԲôĴġ
ΪʲôͻȻ֮ò˺ǣǰ̫飬͵ΪǲһɡÿȤҹա
ҺȻůůģⲻһֱ뿴ôԼȻͨˣǰĲһˣҲҲǰӰӣͦá
Ұͷļϣо̤ʵ
֪ǰ˼죬һֱϣҹתΨһֵҵǣһ˶ǲ̣ʳ涼չˣûйΪǣ᪴ӵԴ˵ϰߡ
극Ժ·Žҿ˵ǲȥһЩˮѾ˺ԶмЩ֪Ц
Цʲôʡ
棬Ƶĸоһҧˮһ˵ǹ治˵û⣬һжܺãʹˡҾеˮҫ
ŶÿɷЦЦ˵㲻ϲôǴõĻᣬһ·ŷִ˴һȷľɵ͵ôõķ⣬ҲС
ԭ㵱ѽ֪ǻôҵǵҧһˮҿûô֪᪵Ҳ֪ǵ²ȥ˵ǰ캦黹Ҫڵϣ˵ˣȻģ
ġҵǣҵ֣ڵΣӳȥһ㶼ѣȻ氵ܶ࣬Ҳûƽ֮˵ζָһ³
ϵˮϣΪʲôһ·Ƕɣʱоֵֹģˣ˹ŵʱ򱻰ʱ֮ԭǲǶǷĶвѽǡôΪʲôأ
ӺףҸ˭ôĵӸҰܾ
ҵĳһжúõġ
ûҺµĴ𰸣ҡҡͷ˵ʱҵȻûô࣬·ͻȻ뷨
ãûô£ֻûоȱĻǺΣգ㲻ô
£ǲ뻢Ѩɵûӣһֱһõĵж˶ҲҲ֪ҪôЩԹймңҪһĻǺúõȥУ뻳°͵ҵĶͷ˼
뷨ǺõģôһѾˣƾһƬҶԾȻô᪣᲻ᡭ
˼ңһҺǾǾԲ֮Զн
Ҳƿǿɲھ뿪ҪȥʲôıˣҲȥˣ롭Һ˵ԼĻȻ֪㵽Ҳһ뼧棬Ǿ֮һҲҳԣϾǵôһָ֪޳˹ҺһΣеڶΡ
ôˣϲŵץסҵ֣ôͻȻ֮ô
ҡһֲԤУӳȥɣҪǰȥðˡͼ˭˺˭Ҷ뿴
úá侲һ¡˿סҵ˵׼ãǷȥû´ĻǵһأֻҪһͬͻаҪСģץҡ
лأô֪Сʡ
ˣǸѺǵĺ꾯ǺܶΣǱҶ۳ԷǱᰴסһһȥŲŻ档Ȼһ·ػһֱ棬Բűƽ⡱̽ͷ鿴һҡ׼ô
ұסļ磬ͷϣ˳۾ǿ֮ʱϵʲôĻء
һƽԾ˾йΧܣϷɳֻֻһԭոµѾǧٿˣı¶ˣ
ͶĿ⣬ֻ΢΢ЦЦƺ⡣
չһֵĽսӮûжڿв֪ٴΣ龹Ȼûǰô־壬ûмƬѪ֤ûɱġãһֱһֻӽȫûаѷɫӢˣݡ
Ҫȫ˵ģǰͻȻѣе˶֪Էǵѡ
ûдﵽ᪣Ӧò᪵˰ɣţѾǰ֮ϵ˷ǳעĿڣơ˴Ŷʮ䣬ɣ˫ȴƽ˼䡣
ǰµˣʡ˭Ϊΰҹڴ˴򶷣
ƺûм˵ȼƵˣȫ˵Ҳתͷ𽣣˵ߣ
ţһ˷ǡ
ɫѿЩš




ҹоѼ׺

ߵǰһ󣬹ֵϳμ˵μȴû¹˼ֻԵӡ
Ĵ״Ҳޱ˵̫ʦĲ¶ɡ
ԭ٣ҸҪ̧۴ͱϿòòͷٿһ۾ֱߵһԵĺǰʣ˭ҹд̾
˵ţϵĳ޿ʼսǰȥȰ˵Щǹ΢Ѳύѣ̫ʦġ
ôĿһɨһƿ˿˵²ɣ
᪵ĽʿܱģҪɱҪ㡱ȹĺ緢վֱ٣ǿ˫͸Ĳм
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ȥһֱк˶ڵϲܶ߹ȥסı˵ˣ̫ʦҪ
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ߣ򣬿ƺ⣬޶õļæϵ飬վһ߿֪ҪˣʲôϷֻҪ˱ѿҲˡ
ջȿ˿ڣ̧ͷ˵þò
ԺܲãǼǰż桱Ҿֱߵһ¡
Ŷôǵˣ˼״ĺþûмˣ뿪ᪿʼǾѾİˣô
ҴסĻǰ鲻Ҫˣ˭á
ô߹ַҵļϣҶ˵ǶȽϺðɡ
ҽʱ̸͵ģһ㡱ÿ֣Ҳ֪Ȥ߿ʣ̸ͣô̸أ
ս˺ֻ޹գ㲢ȱٻ㵽Ҫʲô
ѽʲôȱֻΪҸֻһ֪˴αɣҲؿܰ׶˫ȭ˵
ؿҲĿؿʲôϵ˵νΪ沮ؿǲؿûйϵѽǡ
͵ת¶⿴ңΪҺ͸׺˲ؿ
ѡѵôҲ˵
ͷЦȻһļı뵽ǵ
η̸ѵм٣ģҿɲ̸ȥӦ뿪ˡ޻ϣҵһ֮Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼҵбôҪˣҪҲ˵Ļ
ֵסҵȥ̾Ϣ˵̫ˣͼ󶼷ֲ㲻룬Һ͸жƭؿĻʲôôηʵΪʲôûңֻǰҲ˵ֻܶ㿴һʵʩˣȻֳһôˣҵĺãôܸܲҲˣѪи飬ô˺һôˣҹе̫ҽʱЧ㲻빬е̫ҽ˭ģǵôôôҪؿҲôԣǰһǵڶͺã˻װҼ̾͵͵̶ֳô
Ϊʲôұ˵Ķˣʵ
ܼ򵥣ȻǷĶµģףô˭µĶʵһͻ޷ĿģһؿԲؿĺҶʣοר㲻ûĳͬĲɫң㿴ĳô
˿˵ڶĿľݺңҶĸԶûа취أһҲˣ᪵һˣ貮ؿǲõĻôڵȽɽ㵽ؿһǱطץסǵǡɣһû˸ٺͳˡ꣬ԳЦôһˣļƻĳ
ġҡͷס䲻ȥǲҵġġᣡ˦ֱ˳ȥ
˳ں漱еĽе
û뿪ΪûˣһȥˣҲ֪ҲҪ˭ãҪһеô£ʱҸﰲˡ
ҹ̺ñӣȻҡϢˡ
Ҵ˼ͻȻŤͷ
ʲôԸôҷźͷʱܹڹǶԺȻû治֪ô졣
¡Ҽһ£֪Ҫƴǣһ䣬л㣬ͲҪˡ
ǡ߹Ҷ棬ͷʣʲôҪūš
𱰹˸ǸòˣҲǿֱʲôҼǵýǰ˵ūŵ۾ǳҪҲ׼ȷ
ūôӣֻҪ֪Ҿ˵˵˼һ˵ǰѾͬˣֻıʴһɽ׸ıƣǵװ£Ѱ˲һʥѴġվС˵ֻūŵһ֮ԣͺãҪȥΪѾ˺ܶ࣬˼
֪ˡЦ˵һϸģȥɣˣҪϢˡ






鵽Ũ

ڼͥԺס죬һֱܵĳýȥҴһ¡
ͷ󺹵˻ūѾˣ˵ѾʱӦҪȥ
˭˵ģæʵ
ūǶСۡӻô
УҵȥΪҲðյġ˵Ҿ˳ȥ
ͥԺܴ󣬺ܶ෿䶼ʿסģһңҿʼɵεͥԺʱĿĵ׺ڡ
ҰһıᵽϣںҲʱһӴĶԻΪϣߺܰҲһԱ߶ѲأӴķ϶￴ȥһｻ̸ҵķ棬Ȼòǻǿһۿ
һϮۣϲǱЩɳƣǳ;Ⱦ˷纮ԵʣұŽȥǺȻ˼ĻҾ̸ʲôû˵ʱ̸Ӧеġ
ڣ˵˲ؿ飬ޱȵ䣬˵Ͳؿ๼ҵĽɽǿԶҡģ󻹸ңһῼǷһ·
ԭǷ¶㣬ԭ㺦˲ؿվ
ⶼҵģйôѾǺܱˣͷĲϣӦøжŶԡӵЦһ
ҪΪֳ𣡡γĲϣֵҾȻһ㷴ӦҲûУҵҵģҵûа֪ˣôߵһҲıı仯װҿģҵĹĺ˲ؿôٴ
ľ豭һڣ̧ͷ˵̫Сˣһֻһ̸ôˣûһܹųȥ㡱
Ҳں
㵱ȻԲںʿأǸΪһѳôˣﻹҵˣһҲ㲻ģҪôҪЮݣĵϣ˵Ҫô
󻹸ңĿģ˳ʿȫߣݲ׷Ŀϣ˿η弧ϵλεĽС
ĵǺܵڽɽѡһأĿĿŶѾԵıڸȥˡ
û˿ԸѡҪǿüò̾˿˵ãҴӦ㣬úչ֪ĲãҲŹ㡱
ɷģҵһչˣģ㲻ôȥĻúԼģ򡭡
ңɫĴָڶͷϣƣ˵ҹ뿪ɣԻȱ͵ϡ
ã㡱վҸϽӵһߣԶıӰҺþöûлһֱҵĺۼô
Ŷֻǳߣոչ䵽ͥԺܴ˺Զ·˼䣬Լ֪Լ˵ʲô
󣬲ҪҹˣȥϢɣȥѳϣĿеĿңͻȻô£Ȼ˵Ķԣһֱңֻƭң~ΪʲôҪһֱȥ˺أ
һ·ţǸ¶û˵Һ˵Щʲôȴô˿ڣϣԿóεġ
һֱ͵ҵķ䣬ͣסŲµĸ˵졭ȥ
ҳĬû˵
㲻һֱȥô㡱СɫҲÿҲָ̧ǿһߣһĺӣ֪ﲻܣȴ֪ôο
ҰЦŸӺͶͷ˵ҪúչԼԶס㣬סҵĺãֻǽûа취ˡ
Ҹ˵꣬ת뿪ıӰܹ¼ţ°ڷƮһ˺Ļһ䶼û˵ǼҪ֪Ҳٺˣҿ˵ҪߣһԥĴӦĻĳô죿ô죿ҾԲ㲽ؿĺ󳾡
ڶһű㿴վļۿЩףҲ֪ʲôʱֻһҹû˯
ܵϣңȰȥĺһۣ˵ģҲǵ㺦һ԰͡
εҡҡͷ˵Ҳ˼Ĳ˼ֻܵ˺ѡ
һ·ϣû˵˴죬ŵĿĵأ³һ̧۾Ϳϵ߹§סңҲŸһ룬ͷԵ˦ֺ
槼ôˣеʣŨŨ⣬ŨҲҵ˺ҷһʱҶĿ־ǰδеĸˣǰˣʲôһˣ
ͻķӦǲ죬ת򼧷ʣôˣ
ؼ£ҵм˵κ˵£ҸȥŹǡ
槼˵ʲôҴûҪôĻҾúܿЦȴһҲЦһӾӿ˵Ҫ˵ˣ߰ɡ
ǣ߽ʱ۵ָĨʧѾõˣҵһʹǸǱһֱƭҡ
Ҷ棬һֱеĿңȴ񣬿⣬ȷʵ֪ˣαװԽҵľԽ䣬ƭңҵ˺ѣҶЦӭôںܾúܾԺҲףǶʱҶ䵭ǶôĲ̣·꣬ʹ
صУȻ䵭ҵ˼ûҵҵĹޣÿңǳ˯֮ΪһֱʧߣӼͥԺ֮ĸأǳҹҹı۾ߣÿһεҶ
ÿʱֻԱߵһᣬѹŵ΢̾ϢеʱҵǾһȻǺܿ죬뵽˲ؿ뵽Լ˺뵽ҹĻոձѸٵıᣬҸԼⲻҵĴҵģڱ
˱ˣĳŵҲû׷飬ҷࡣ
˵еӡĨȥģֻеʱĳϴƫƫҵļ˵ĺãô飬
ҵĿգС͵ߣչˣ˵ҵĲкô
ǵ죬Һһܣ˵ûҪҵһ˿һˣҲôױƭģ۾ֱʵࡱ
˵ҲǸ˼ֻǹ㣬Ҳûƭ㡱
УȴޱȵıûƭҶ׶ѵм٣ֻҲǣϣ˵Ժҵ飬Ҫܡ
˵仰ʱҿ˱飬ݵ̫ˣһҾֱƭˣʱҺ˽ĻһȻ˵Ҳģ˺ҡֱֻ˻ȥѿڶˣ߰ɣҲ뿴㡱
뿪֮ߵ̫һЩʳ˵ģһЩ˯ߵҩģҶٳһ㡣
ϣҴڴڵĳǰЩζһȴɫʳ˵Ŀɬˮδε䵽ҷ·






ٻӱն

˵ǵʱںͯʱÿοСڵʱرҸ·ԼҲصͯꡣ
ĸèèòãСѾˣеĺһͯȤǳҪҪǸǸ˵ҵʧĳм˲٣ҵøм
ѽСʲôУڿʼɡҰС۾Լʮң͵Ӵ
ĸģСڲŲƤء˵ͱ123
ʮʱѲغһصĵط԰ݺʢһطǲױҵġ̽ͷҿСڻںԶĵطΣȻ෴ķȥ͵͵ϲ
˺óһʱ䣬Сڻûҵң߳ȥ˿֪ܵĸȥˣСȥ
ǣҸ෴ȥ
·ϣҺȻС벻ãСڿܳˡ˳ſһ·ܣֿǴӾƳشģƳԭǸŰ޵ĵģԺͰѾƳغȫˣСôܵȥˡ
ɻ߹ȥСڵǰԶѾˣְҴûģҲ֪Сʲôĵ£޳ӡ
ԴͷҵСڣһ˶ǰĲݴԣ档˳߿ȥԭһֻ׺˾ƳеľѾǰ׺ȴͨ徧Өº˰˯һϾһֻ
ǣ˭ộʬӵ˾Ƴû֮ǰֱӽȥģ߹ȥСڣҵĻ޳ˣ˵ôÿζ˵ˡ
Сڵļ˵ˣĸڣĸᱣġԭ֪͸뵽ģҲһֻڹȥһӦöֻ׺ɣֻû뵽Ѿˡ
ĸ󡭡С̧ͷ涵Ŀҡ
ʲô飿Ĳȥϵˮ
ĸ˭ɱʡ
ҡҲ֪ȷʵ֪Ҳ֪һĻĻǰʵѾҵģĶôնΪʲôһҲ͸أ
ð׺ǣСߣȥѾȥ޴֪δ·ܳҲСڱ޸һӣҲκ飬һҪѪծѪֻذɡ
ţһıӵסǵȥ·վǰׯϡһ̫ʦĿĿСڣ۾ﴫ
Сھŵĺˣҵǰ棬ʡ̫ʦҪʲô
Ů˵һֵ̿˺СڸϽܣıӺʩ˷һֱǵǰ棬ܵĶ죬һޣǱ㱻סһͰǶ˻
٣㵽ʲôǰ˵ᷨ޵֮ˣʼҲ̫ţΪ书ˣҵ޵֮ӦʦǣסƮȻ⣬ҶٵĸоϡԵʢˣһη壬ҴԸţһ˵ķжǼʶˡ
ÿϳҪΪ˵žͻ𳤱ޣɲͨıӣСϵĻ϶ԪˡٴΪҵΪûִѧϰɵһаʽʮٳǰҲаֿ־壬ҵʦѽΪʲôǲϰأ
ǰΨһģҵ嵲Сǰ֪ǲǹ⣬ҵǰ棬ӻ䵽ϣ·˺һӣѪһСһʹľѣҧгݵĿ٣˵ĺӣ㲻ܶ֡
ֻһֻܻٲÿĻϳٵŲûԭģԪϣþ֣ο޸֮֮ǰηȴͻȻ˺ܶ࣬ٲûзҵԭɣʹһӴȥҲֻѪʹѣûȥ˵˵в
ˣҲؿӱĿ⣬һˣҲûɱңһʲôһӳ˺ܶ࣬Ҳߣ٣ո˱õ
֪ܲɣȵ۴ޣϴ´泼ϳֻΪ˳ȻǵֱͦӣһηӵҸո˻ȥ
룬˵̫ʦһҪСڵôСڲһ£ѹ˵Ҫ£㲻¡
ϳΪ˭Դϡ
̫ʦ֪ĺӣҲֻһͨĺӣɱ̫ʦԷڣϴڹϸһϣӮһΡ
ߺߡЦһڲǲֻûôˣոھƳصһĻѾˣӵĿɲһ㺢ͯһ֪Ƿˣ֪һУȴִָõ
ӵĻ԰صҸСۼҪмܲסҵҲһʲôȥˣֻסСڣҵı۰ٳµʱҵ۾е㱣ͺ񿴵߸ϵնһʱΪˣǺϵңһȴˣϣ˭ܹٴǡ
ʧȥ֪ˣҿ£ȴûӵҲûиеӳʹ
СڽҲ̧ͷҿٺһסӵһͷｩֵĶš
ڸʲôǸСŮһָСڣС־ŵҵĻ
̫ʦǼֹµģôǣµŮˣסӵҲڰʹ
ɱˣ᪴˵һǴҵĻߣ粻ɽӣӵһͷȴǽקС
ˣ֪̫ʦ߸ǹµļɹԼ̫ʦΪӲҪȡڶĻ˹£λֱӽ̫ʦɷ񣿡һɿӣվֱò˵ϳҡ
Ǿ£Ѹߡۻ軨Ͳټƽˣ̫ʦΪ֮߹Сڣ޹ȥ
û°ɣ̫ҽʹĿѪֹ˿ڣСſҵĲѡ
ˣĸ󲻻µġСڵͷο
Сҡҡͷߵһߵĵ£⣬һСҪô飬ôܹйأ
̫ҽˣҴ˿ڣڴһԲĿһߵСڣڴصһߣ˵ˣллǡ
ûпһֱܵͣ˵뿴û뿪
߰ɣԺʲô飬ҲҪپңҲǷģֻúչСڣұһҪǷģǷľҪһҪȥĲһޱ˸еĽҵĺ¡
һ£˵槼Ҫ˵Ҳ֪׷ʲô飬֪ûչ˺ǣСһչ˵ģʱ鷳չһʱ䣬ΪҪԳģ̫ʦһᴦٶ㲻




ԵһЦ

ԳƺƴҲȥΪ̫ƽһʱˣû뵽Ǹص鼴ˡ
ŷȥúߣý޹Сˣû뵽ƤͻȻʱȫޣֻǰعˡ
һ·Һ֣еƺȫһ˶ûпȻҳȥ͵ʱϰԵĵߵŮǹûеģǶȥģɻ롣
ߵſڵʱ򣬿洫һɹŨŨд̱ǵĽζθһڣæƿţƣʲô
ãŻˣҴСڡ
˼оֻڱҵȣҾֵ˺Ľ
ҶڵϵĽû£׷ʲôС
ǡ˼ҸϽűߣ͸͸˵Ǳȸɴ˷ŵĻ˵Ҫ
ҵһɤڣʣСģСģ
ڹصָԼո嵲ڵĵطܹȥĴ򿪹ţûпСڵӰֻһӣǵĸʱװССǸӣСѾôˣôװ
ǡҲȥźиǵһһƿȻһֻС׺¶巢ŰĹ⣬ͨ徧Ө͸ĸȥ̬һ۾ţұʱ΢գһ£ȻϣϵĹҲʧһһԾۼ
ɵɵڵϣСѾ壬絶ǰסĿͷǸūûãûСӣūûУūûá
תˮͷϻ˿˿Ѫۣ˵ⲻ㣬ҵĴҺСڡ
㲻Ҫô˵ūűСӲܣūŵĴͷūšû˵꣬ʹܶŲ
ӵ𣬵ű̽ͷ˿Ȼܹң˵ӣȸɴ˴˹ˡ
ӣӵģĿնĿ⣬ҧгݵ˵ҪΪСڱѪծѪ
ص¹򵽵ϣڲӵĻֻѣʲô𶼱˵ģĻǵСҲԭģһôˣ͸ˣ
Ҵûôص˵ǰһֱϸϸһֱһҲž֮ѣʣµҲֻһˣ˵ĶԣҲܾȥ̫ˣҪǸĴۣ
ҴһңסôҲ֪޹һңȻխҲªҲΨһĲ֮
ǰǰģԱʱ֮裬ίһ£ȥ
Ҫȥס·㲻ߣںΣգһ
ֻһС̫࣬ǲôģĺˣ˵ҲһȫȥԮЦЦȻȥѸӸǺá
ұСڶڵϣΪĬĬ
˺þãҵͣϢˣһֱһ㶯ûУҲſǽվȶѾˡ
˶Ѿ뿪ˣСеû˻ӦңԼ˳Űȥ
ɢ˺ܶ࣬йǺ˵ζһƬǽ壬һЩϵʬ嵽ǣСΪԵ޹ʵȥԭЩ̵ԭ
ҼѰҽܺ½Ǵ˸ô죿ǰԼԼվűߣȿǽ߹ȥϲĶ˵û¡
һңҲһҸеΣ߽һԭǱϵģһϢһذ״ϣ˿ĴĿģǽһӵӰˡ
ôˣ㲻ҪҡѾˣֻƴҡŽ壬ϣܹѹ
·⴫ϸ̧ͷŽŬ۾뵽ľллأû
̫ҽ̫ҽҶ
ý̫ҽûˣҾͿˡ˵۾Ȼ
㲻ҵĻҳŽ壬Լһʹ
ūûáûбСӡġūѾ֪ͨ˹лԺ󡭡ﰲȫˡĵЦ˳ҴûпչüͷǰֻǸо㣬Ϊľнû뵽ȻΪԼ
ʹҡͷ˵ҲֵĲֵá
ѵļһ˿Цݣ˵㲻סûˡСʱ򽭻һáӼĵһۣ;۾ҵáֻҲ˵ֻһūš
أһҵúչ
ûˡҡͷɫ׵ľˣϵѪǿ˵꣬СʱͶˡһֱ𡭡
Ƥ£ʧֻ촽΢΢ſҸ԰׵˵ԺҾãһҶһôõĸ硱
֪һˣΪָĶһ£ˮϻ£һͼŵЦݻչͽϣУԶһЦݡ
ͻȻ䣬еʹȻˣǻһֻӴԺҶһġ
ܵӣ٣ǰʱһ仰û˵ֻǰСںͽС˾ƳԱߣǿĸŮžۣûκˣҰ꣬Ժ˿
鶼˷ԣû˵һ仰ͽǣǾǷź򡣶겻õֱ¿ˣһµˣҵ泩Ǳ֮ĿС
ףĳûбȸɲôöԸģҲһܹ֮Ӧģô˾͵һɣҵģʱҲΪһϷ
̫ҽҩôĿվǰİ׷ͷ
ﾡܷģҩҩЧǿжļ󣬲̫ҽֹɫź롣
ʲô
ΪҩЧǿԻʹ˵оϵĸоǲΣա̫ҽͷش
֪ˡҵתȻһңЩ͸ģҲһ
뽲̫ҽеĽ۷Ź⡣
뿪УʧԽԶԽãһҿ㣬һӵ˱ˡҰѴӵǰ
ǣģݳ̻壬뿪֪Ȥ¡






ԩԩ౨ʱ

ȸɱԤΪΪСʱϹֹû뵽һֱȵҰѽıŽʱŽңˣûҰ׷˼׼һС
ڳϣվǰɵıȸȻӣȻоܺЦô̵˶ܰɱ˶ṬоȻһ֮ɫûС
ϳΪһС̫ʬŽֱЦȥ桱ȸվԴǵ˵
Ҽװû˵ʲô˵ȸ˵ɣվⱾ
޹ϳڣվػɡǿӲҵš
ĻݹֱӴܣǰЩڹбһĪѬţӰ죬úĽҲѽҶЦ˵
ȸס͸ӿֱȻһ£Ҳһأûҵҵټȴûϵԭڡ
ȸԥһ󣬻˽û̧ͷֱӰѸոյĻ˵һ飬ȻҵĻش
ֳе̫๬Ů⣬ҿȸɵɫԽԽѿЦ߳ǰеѽ
ﾡϳһ׼ϳС̫ʬ崦ҪĻϳΪһõط
õطʵ̻бõĵطôΪͲأ
㡪ȸɴŭвҵﲻҪ̫ˡ
ҲȲĳЩѽ˽ɵеȻɱҵŮͽڳĻҲϰɣĿĿ
˻󡱱ȸɽƱӲ˵ϳΪӦóʮ֤ݣеΪʱŻ𣬴ҶȥȻˣ飬Ҳǿտƾɣ
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ûǸˡҴЦȸɻĿңƺѾܵյĲԣĺһ
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Ůȸɴҵ֣֣ص˵Ҳóҵϣûҵ㡢ɱ㡱
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֤Ҳ˺κһˣǱҵģҪеһС
˯̫ҽǰϣҡͷ˵ΪʹҺȻһ⣬ж֢״᲻һأôµĶΪβֱӶأ
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治֪ǰ컹ǺҹʱҺʵ˯ˣ˯иоסҵ֣һ̫ҽڰϰɡ
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槼ǰѾȥˣǿɲԲҪȥ룿ҵĴǰ
ȻԣֻҪΪСڱʲôҶԲȥƽϡ
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˵Ķԣԩԩ౨ʱˣѾĿˡҵֱִϣңô
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Ұͷļϣ˺ܶ࣬ÿοҪʱ𽭻СȥģЩȻ޷⣬˿Ŭƻȥ˵ȥϴɣϵĺζ̫ˡ
áá˳𴲰·£Զ͵͵ȡ·ϵƣȻ߳⡣






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ȸɱҴûٻصΪƣҺױˡ
ŵʱܴѩ׷ɣҾһ֮ףڻûеոﲻãվ˵⽫Ԥһ֮ĵ
ڹһС˿ﰲˣĵĵϰ忴Ŀĵѩţв̾ңϰһʮͷСӣ࣬˺ܾҲʵһŵδޣΪսӵأӴˡ
Ϊʲôӣ˵Ҫսˡĵסһˣ֮Ҳ֪һ㣬˵Եˡ
ӵѽĻһҵӣҪˡ·ߺٺٵĶЦ
ӦñҲϲµ졣ǳѩһֱûͣϢסӾһߣһ춼Ұɪɪһ̿𣬰Ӷ˵ԱߣҸмЦЦ
Ҿһһƽϰաͷ˵
ԼãҿŻ΢΢Ļʡ
·ͿԿĳ㴩ĶϵȲϣǵﶼûжѽô䣬ӦǱ˵ĴСŶԡЦ˵ȴҲͷ·
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ʲôµģʱֻҪõңҵһϳȥɱС࿴⣬ڵƤһ˫۾Ե÷
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Ҽһ桱಻˼ЦˣƵ˵ǰҸ׻ŵʱպܺõģҲΪ·һȥ·ʱʱҲʲôǣɵ̫ҪȥնˣŵҲεǣңҼǵõʱ˵ˣһӡЦŰҷҿĿ⼫ºͣôһֱǵá
Ϊһˣ
ѵΪôеӦһֱǵǷݶ°ɡ
ЦЦٴ𻰣תĿ⣬ڶĲԶͿԿеĳǽҿʼ˼ŹȥĵεΣںܶһ벻ףѵһˣһ棬˲ؿҲ˼һļƵˣΪʲôӡеȴĴأ
ǽѩװװعΰǷҴûмôƯûµʱһվ⿴Ŷ棬ǸʱһúůһҺһӣһо졣
ԭӦԶ磬ߵԽԶԽãҲ뿴սĵ뿴Ѫɺӣʩ˷һҲȥҵһֱһֵŵȴ⿪⿪ҵƺ
ҺΪʲôû˳׷ңȸ֮Ѹµʱìͷָ˵˵޵һҲûб⣬ĬһʱҲ˸Ĵۡ
᪾ӻǴˣʱ˿ֻʣһˣѾξˣʼղĴԣߵʱΪԼһ·˵ҡһҰ͵Զһֱ߽ӪҲŻͷ֪һȥ
᪵ľƺǲѴ֮ͽ˳ţ˵ǰ򿪳ŷǽġӵڹܼƺûٵֿ뷨ˣ˹Ž⣬ûɳӭս
Ҳ˵⼸곯һ˳رӱǲûе޿֮ĵزѽѵķһƾ᪾Ӵô
ٴη߳ǽϵ˵ֻҪܽ󣬿Ϊ졣֪ԭ뿪һ֪࣬
еһ죬߽˼ľӪұȸ֮ɵģѾ빬һˣӱӦеϣܹһ
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ܽУһƬ𺣣ڴз׷Ӵܣûûʿ˵ֿǰ壬κʱΪ룬ôԼأҴȣҵ޹ȥֱңҡ
һ·ϣܶǰⲻյףͻȻΪʲôǰһʱÿʱ϶¶ҿˣԭЩûһˣʱһʹɵɵΪʲô˵ȥأ֪ҿ͸˵ĻҪ⣡һδ˺˺۵ĴǺοأ壬֪֪˵һʼҾ֪㣬ǾԲġ
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ɣһҴҾһһľĴۻȡһĨЦݵְҴ˻һȥɽô 
ڳţͻȻɽд򶷵һæɽΧһվһյϣ϶վмҵʦɡ
ʱıζһ£ԭҲֻͣǺܶݵʱ䣬ָֻɫС뿪
ļ˳߻ͷȻ໥һ£ìͷָҡ
λʦ֣޹ءԾǰ档
ʦܣ˲㼸ΥʦʦţΪĿ¾ɣʦĵӣҲǱߵˣȴٳٲ𻯷ɣҪʦţΪֲԿԶǰ;һ䣬һٽǴ
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ʦôұסĸ첲˿ڣʹѣ;ηŵˣʹһ겻塢˺ҲԸ˿ʹ࣬վǰһȻ˵ǳĻɱҰɣѾˣҲȥκҲȥκˣȻҲ֪֮䷢ʲôǧҪ˺
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˼ʮ·һ·˺ܶѣҲʶʲôڹдԵĺգʹټҲûҶţǳʵĿɽɽˮˮ
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