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 1 

ĵ磬컹̫ȣѾһ˿
ٵһСϢﲻĺܡ
Ｗ˿ˣȴֻһСҿС˲ˮϲ˽һ㶼Ȼæͷ󺹣Ǿʮ㣬Цݡ
һæ˼ʱ̫ƫˣҲȥˡ
ߺáСһˣһģǮıߵ̨ԡ
ƹ׼һ裬ͷЦˣ緹ûأϽЪĻ졣
Цϰ£һߵлһͷ
ƹЦ˵Ҳɣڿһõʱƫƫϸ»ƴǹϼȥˣֳߵĹǮһʱҲˣҪ㣬һ˿æ
Цһڲŵͷĵ˵ƹҪңһǮ̲ûˣô·ѽ˵ĹǮ⣬˻ҲǮء
ƹǺЦ⺢ֽڣ춼ЦݣϲúܣԿ˸ǮҲر𿶿
ƹΪʲôʱرãЦʡ
ѧԺѧʱٵȥѧԺıؾ֮·Կرࡣûע⵽ǵĿ˴Щˡƹ򿪻ϻӾղסˣϲؽ˵ǸѧԺרŽ书ģŴû˵ɣ˵ڽϺ˽ѧԺÿѧҪһӣһأƹָȳһ
һô࣡Ц̾
ЦķӦƹ⣬½˵һٵأѧԺֻܵõҪõмϼϼӸǾôѧѣЩ˻ＷǸѧԺÿֻʮѧѧ˵дű֮ѧԺмѡʮҲ˵ǮҲһѧԺ˽ÿΪʮ϶һ󡣡
ƹ񽲵ͣһ£ʣ֪֪ΪʲôôѧԺ
ΪʲôԵЦϽʡ
ƹɤӣȿڲ裬½ѧԺĸˣֵܣͬʦֵܣԵֵһ£ĸ˸۱ڹʹ϶ܵУѧԺʦǼĵӣҲһĸ֡ѧԺﻹղ཭Ѿʧ书ţ˵⹻
УСЦͷһ£˵ǣҾûӱȽϺá
ƹʱɨͷҡͷһӲɽ̵ӣ˵뷨ЩֻҪѧ书ʲô
ŶǸƹ˵ѧԺĸǺǮЦƹ˵ȥˣֻԼʡ
ǵȻ룬һһʮˣҲʮܲǮ𣿡ƹֶʡ
ǣϴǸ忴һҲǮӡЦһֹ
ŶƹҪʲôһͷսЦĸ˿ǳĹǮֻҪǽǵĿڴǾһӶҲóǮ᲻û˵ǻǮܡ
ѽѽôǮϴθʮӻѹñӴһΪЦ޷޲ƽĽƹĻ
һתͷЦƹɵĿ⡣
ЦѵʶѧԺˣ
Ǹƹѵû˵
˵ʲô
ǸҾҪȥѧԺ

 2 

ȥѧԺƹ񲻴ţҲѹ֣ôЦҲõóһӡ
ԣƹҪȥѧԺҲøѧѵġЦϽ͡
Ҫѧѣֺ£ƹԽˡ
ԣҲøѧѣҺλ嶩ԼҵѧԺʮʦЦܺĵĸƹ
ô£ô£Цú˵ƹˣϲ̽ϢĻɾԲܷŹ
ûԵˣֻôŵܵܺɽȥҰˣɽϣͻȻһץֱʲôѧġžҪȥѧԺѧҾ͸˵ˣʶȻ࣬ҲˣȥʲôѧԺˡǸ˵ǸѧԺѧ书ģʶûϵҾ˵Ҳѧʲô书ҲûǮѧѣ˵ҵˣ˻׬Ǯأ˼ҿɲɡǸҵĻԺ˰죬ʹӸ˵ѧǲýģÿҼʮӣҵͬ⽫ѧԺﵱʮʦЦͣȿˮ
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ҵȻ˵ˣƹ㲻֪ǼҿҺ͵Ͻˣӵ߻һҲ׬˼ǮʮѧԺһ꣬ҳסĺܻءҴ˵ҵʦĻһĹǮءһ˵ǮЦ۾ˡ
Ŷԭƹˣ뵽ʲôЦȻʮôû̲أ
ǸЦ˼ЦЦҵһγԶţѾ㹻ˣ˭֪ôԶһ·ѾʡǮˣߵﻹˡ
˵ţһۣЦһȺ˳Ͻǰк
ģЦڵӭ⣬Цѿ룬ȴһվסԶ
Цһ㶣̧ͷһʱɵˡ
Ưˣѩ׵һŹûһ覴ãͬϺõ֬ƯҶüˮۣСɱͦıӣССһӣСڡ޿޵ľ٣޷죬޿޵ͬŮ·һ㡣
Ц㶵ؿǰ˶վԭɵסˡ
ʲôٿСİڳ˶ŭѩ׵ָָЦ
ЦعϽ㲻ǣǣǣСҸϲ
Ц˵꣬ͻȻǰӰһûŪô£Ѿ˶һ⡣
Ǹ˳ϸСЦһӵڵϡ
ϹĹˣȻѱүϳŮˣ˶ˡ
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쵰үﲻˣ˶ˡ
ﶼ񡣡ЦܳʵĻش
䣬Χ˵ľԼͬģүҪ
Ȼһذ׺ݺݴ̹ЦûӦذЦǰͣ
ү⻹¶˵ĺáһӣһּסذףһְѴסЦ
ܹܣ˵Ůˣ˵Ҳˡסذ׵Ķүܲ
ִûʲôʶүͱһʶˡȿڲܹһ˵һ߲źۼЦ
˭ҪƵطȲ裬ˡһתĹĵˡ
ԼҶүˣܹ̾Ц׵ϸߵһӻһӣЦС磬ԲסˣҼүᱻŮˡѹɡ˵ҲȥˣܿһȺ˾Զˡ
ЦԶٵͷӣۣôһӡԼ׵ϸߵû㣡ЦЦ۾гһˡ
û°ɣƹϽʡ
û£еʹǸܹܸôһءЦĵû׵İӡ
ҿǸԣǮˡȥõҩɡƹ񿴿һĵЦ޿κεҡͷٿԶһȺˣʼЦߴ󷢸̾ôƯһ˾ȻǸˡǣ˳ôƯʲôЦļ򣬡ã˾͵и˵ӲС
ЦִסˡǸƹңңҡ
ʲôƹתͷʡ
ǸǸңңŮġ
ʲôƹӶ͹ˣ㣬㣬Ůģ
ǡЦͷ˺ÿ϶Ĵ𰸡
ƹЦתȦִͷϸϸЦ顣
ǸʮĺӣȻ˵㣬õͦߵģһݵ̫ɹúںڵģȻˣǿóٺ㡣üë۾̫ȴһ㶼СͦǱҲͦһ˵ǺӢ--------ǣصǣô⸱ĵ------һŮӡ
ƹͬؿЦ޻˵ֻöŲߵ̨̾ȥˡ

 3 

ѧԺ
磬Ҹ˵ҿɼ񵽱ˡЦǸ꣬ԣӦ˵ǧѵһѧġҰѹˣǸǼѣľʲô书ѧǸ͵ģģͬʱϰڹ⡣ҲʲôҲܿѧˡʱѧԺʦʲộܽһԶãÿܶʮѧٶ׬ʮӣÿֻҪӡɡѧԺ֮һڣҲЦеС壬ԽԽģ̲סЦ
ܣǸЦ˵ô𣿡ϴ廳ɵʣϾɹϵӣɲС
ģҾԲῴ۵ġظ֤
Ǿ̫ˡϿʼʮܶ׬ӡ
һҪϸҪ̵ʱѧĶܸĿʼ׬ǮķԷѾʼƻһĿγ̡
ֵܺ񿴼Ԫ֣̲סһ𷢳Ц
׼ͲȥѾǿֲЦŵûһ£Ѳˡ룬֪ĸùֱĸˣǿġ

 4 

ܹܣеˣҸطϢһ°ɡŽ
ɣܹܵˡ
үʱǰŸոϢءǻȸ·ɣҪǰµ¸ˡܹﰧ̾үͱˡ
Ѿаʱˣѹôͣΰɡ˵Իͣ˽Ρ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôԵĶүȥѧԺֿ»ͷϣܹᡣ
ɽׯѧԺѾһ˶ûҪ֪ϴȥѧԺүҲֻ˲¡
ŵʱү׼ǼͬŻһүͲˣ̫û취ֻøӣüֶ̧ŽӸ·Ҳ̫ࡣǶүÿһͺۣ˾ҪϢһϢҪþáһ·ޣ겻·η粻·̫̫󲻸·û̫Ҳ·Ūõһˣ·ĥ䡣
סҲǸ鷳ǺĴ¥ϵȵľƲ˲ԣСջסջûϷҲסջϷƹ񳤵̫󻹲ס
һܹܾԼʮꡣ
үׯԳ侲үҲƽ׽ˣΪʲôүɽׯĶӣТôԵһˣ
үɽׯһĸܹܣΪʲôƫƫ˶Ĳ£ѵ콫θ
ܹܣվʲôЪ
ܹǺ˼룬̧ͷТվк
վµТһ£ɢһͷںڳȫһЦӯӯΪ֮ᣬΪ֮ϡ
ܹ˸ղԼڱԹʲôһһ̺߱ߺүȵϣȰѵ̺ϡԱߺȣȥүɡɱöүɹˡ㣬ȥүȷ硣㣬ѵĸүùȥ
ܹæòֺɽׯĶүΪʲôôҲͱ׿ˡ

 5 

ɽׯ
˾һ˽
ׯһ˳Է
ѽүȥģϷ˺ͷסˡ
ԴׯӲǰѶүȥǸѧԺϷ˺ͷ˾û˵ˡ
үλıүӲǵͷˣܲ𡣡ʸϵһˡʵɽׯ£ĸүǱȻүǽ˵㣬˵㣬Ѹ˵㣬ֻҪүһЦҪϵ취ȥժ
ׯ书ôãүĹԼ̵ģΪʲôƫƫҪѶүȥѧ䣿أĶүˡ
İɣⶼ֪ׯû̹ү书Ƕүôѧˡ
ѧˣôᡣүôѾүԵͷתĲϼش
˵ʲô֪
֪εʡ
ϴܹ˵ΪүʲʺѧׯĹ򡣡Ա˽ϡ
ΪʲôϰͷתԱߡ
˷ͷʸ˵ʲôشҵעĿͻȻһƳү߹
үˣϽɢ
ϣɨصɨأҵĵңһææµµӣһҲȺ˸ոջĵÿĭɡ
ңҲǴҿеĴүƿ鷿˽
Ҷûׯʡ
ûǸֹ
Ҷ˵ʲô˵ˡ
ҪС͵ѧԺȥСû뿪ɽׯһһ¾ͰȥôԶĵطôءǺõǸĵܵܡ
Ҳû취ѽТƫڹҲãҲãߵĶǸ͵·ӣѧѾʮˣһ书ûУֻڼӣҲֻܻЩˡҲΣѵͲСӣұϾҲǽóңܲܳһ䶼ĶӰɡ
ҲһҪ͵ѧԺȥһ᲻ǸСıܵܡ
Ҳ˭ܱѧԺ̵øأ˵ˣТ⺢Ӷǳ軵ˣһ඼Բ𣬵ʱˣѧô죿̣㣬ܿһ𣿵ʱ򻹲Ǹһʲôᡣ
ТӣƣҪ˵軵Тѵû𣿡Ϸ˱˷鷿
ӡڿϼˣ˰ɡׯϽϷ¡
˵ҲТһ书ûȷʵСô˵ϷﻹǺ᲻Ǹӡ
Т᲻ܿࣿһ뵽ĸαܻܿ࣬ۿ̲סˡ
ӣûµģҰТѡѧԺؼТԼʲôΣѧʲô书ĸʦϿεʱҲԼǲϿҲׯϽȰοİӡ
ģ˻˫Ŀᡣ
Ȼģһ໨ӰТһѩ񵤡ðͨҲ°빦
һˣ󷭰ۣǳ軵ܵܵԭס

 6 

ǰĴţЦ˲˿ǰϵˡ
Цǰ˴š
źܿˣ߳ʣʲô£
ѧġ ЦϽش
ʲô֣һһóһɫᡣ
Ц
Тţҵˡãҽȥɡóһ֧ʣТֺͷתЦߡ
ۣƯӡǰķ䣬Ц̲ס̾Ǻúѽ
ѧԺؼѧסĵȻҲѧԺõķˡһ˵һ͵͵´Ц֣ôǮһӶõóôôƾɡתѧԺĸ------ҲԽǮ˾ԽСɡ
ԭؼأЦ룬СҲ
ڶ糿Цһ
ⴲͷҲζЦ̲סڴĥ˻ᡣ
С˺úãסôĵط֪ҪӹǮܲСЦԴ֪ѧԺһ׬ôǮԼδʮĹǮ̫ˡ
ӺöЦӡǸ˵ϻ緹ʱΡסôƯķ䣬ܲԵ̫ɡ
Цһߵ緹һ߼еĶֵǮ۷Ź⣬š
緹ˣЦһǰţ˶ŸСӽ
һ£ͻᣬҲʮ߰ӣȴûһ飬̰彩ӲʮϷӡҲòˣ㶩µġѩ񵤡ʱЧá˵꣬ûЦӦϷµתˡ
Цһ˿ǰǸСİɫСӷ
˵ѧԺĸСû뵽СֵزϾȻֻôһСӡ
еóܱûóҪãЦСһ¶ȥ

 7 

ҽТѧġǰ˴һֻ֪㶣Те㲻ͷˡ
ŶŶŻعóһɫῪʼ
ЦŶҵˡҽȥɡõͷϽѿˮ͵͵һǸ˶ѽװôƯװҲ̫ʧˣһ۾ܿǸŮģԱǸܹһһү˶ĿҲûѽװѧļŮѧͷˡ
ˣܹܣǿԽȥˡТŴǷ컹ûͱܹܴ·ѽ
үǲȥģֻ⡣
ʲôТһüѵǴһ˶ѧԺ
үѧԺĹأκѧܹͬ˫ۺᣬҲ뿪үѽСүû뿪ңھȻҪһ˹ĴôһİĵطأСųĶүôôĶүǺÿׯΪʲôôģȻ˴ҵķӲҪѿĶүһ˶أҪǶү۸˿ô졣
ֹ涨𣿡Т۾ɨǸˡ
ǣǣǡѧԺĹءۣˣôѽˣˮ
Ժ˭źңТСûԼָɹճȫר˴֣ſڡ
ר˴ɨ䣬·Ҳϴÿһ⻹ҹѧԺȻ׬ǮףҲǺܵģѧֻҪͺã鶼ùܡ
ʲô˼˵ûźˣТеˡ
е㲻ˣ˴ɨ·ϴ⻹
ТԹ˻ܹܣǻȥɡ
áܹϿĴӦһ룬ѽһТߵһߣүѽׯ˵ģҪǲúôѧԺѧ䣬ͲˡҲ֪ׯԳС
ܹܵĻТ˫磬ᣬǱѧ䣬ľѧ书ˡ
أؼңǵ˵˲ɾͱؼңҲֻܹԹԵȴһ˵ˡ

 8 

ǾʹסТָǰķʡ
ʲô𣿡Ĵֻ͵һеͷԣܸɾѽոŴɨġ
ⱲӻûסôĵطТüҿɲҪס
һ飬е㲻֪롣
ʱͻȻ˽ТһȻһʧͷ˵磬翴ˣЦʲôѧģƽӹúܡ
ʲô?һ˽һѿסТţɿ
ûƽӹͲϡϴ񿴼ֵԪֳˣʹÿҪ޳ˡ϶˲壬ÿʯͷ񣬻Ůֲ壬Ǹеģ˵ЦǸŮġ
ʲôôܡЦǸѧģ˵ֻǿȥеġ϶ԶСܺʹ绰س
ʲôѽǸˣ˿ɲЦ ǰТҡͷ
ƾʲô˵ҲТТҪˣûͱܹܴ·֪Ҫһ˶ִַӴԺûźˣסôĵط˵ƽӹͲϣȻ䣬Ҳ뱻˵ƽӹڸˣɴ˵Լ޿̡
Тִӻͳһ鱻Ҷ״񣺡ˣʲô
ڴӹ񣺡ⲻɽׯҶ𡣡
ԡʶТû㻹Ҳ˵ҲɽׯТ
ŶԣˣЦТ ˡ
ʲôˣﻹһͷˮ
ܵһߣɽׯĶӣТТ˳ТǶ˵ǸЦ ɿЦδʮӾͱסˡ
Ŷ·ںͷԷˡ
巭᣺дɽׯТ͵ˣſڸˣеĵŮģְŮĵеģһͰ˶Իˡ
ѽˡ ԷͻȻһĴ˰ѡѩ񵤡õТȥˡһ˵һߴܳţתۼûӰ
һ㶣ϸҲûӰ

 9 

ʲôѾȥˣǿôѽԷˡ
ˣˡŽ̾
ôˣЦͻȻĴŪе㺦£ѲɸղǸСжǲǰѶҩ̽ȥˣǲͿˡ
ЦϹ£ͻȻ˵ղųԵǿҩֵӡ
ʲôЦ˺׸ˡ
ӲŤͷ˵ʲô˵ȥǿССССӣֵɲҪЦƭҡһҲھȻһڸ̵ȥˣԸԼ̵Ƕҩ
Ц˭㿪Цȥѩ񵤣ѩɽÿʮһѩƳɵģѩһ䣬һѩֻƳѩ񵤡˵ֵֵԷػش
ô죿ЦҲˡǲɣɱҲòҲ⣬ӿЦء
Ƴһۣ֪ⲻǲųѽ
ʱڴТˡ
ТվڷͷȻﻹǲ㣬ǿǿҲܴպˡ
Թɵϣӻ֣ˣҪ˯ˣǿȥˡ
ӣҪ˵ɥЦߵߡ
ʲô£Тǿ۾
㲻ǻﶩѩ𡣡
ԣǺ˵Тһֻ֣Ұɡ
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Т֣ǾһҺˡ
ǣֻʣһˡ
ҲûϵТνݵ͸˵ʲôܴͨ澭ҩҲֶ˵ҲûʲôôǾǮҺˡ
УķֵһأҪǰѾֵ˻ȥɱˡ
óТˣǵ벻˯ˡ
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Ǹ˵һ㶼˵ĵСôҲһҰס
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㣬ҩԲԣ
ⲻҵ£Ӳҵģһ㶼֪ЦϽΪԼס
ǾԵˡ
Ҷ˵˲ҵˡ
Т۾һת˸⣬תͷԱߵķ˵òҩ裬ֲǮԲԣ
ͷ
ǺãҿԲҪҩ裬ҲԲҪǮ
ġȻֺ£忪ĵˡ
ȻģһТ˹˵
ʲôںͷԷɸϽչ
ܼ򵥡ТһָЦѧԺСˡ
ãû뵽ֻô򵥵һϲԽϽһڴӦ
ҪôҴӦЦɲɡ
ѵ㲻ӦТʡ
ȻӦ
ǺãӸҺˡТɻشȥ
ҪҪ㣬㣬ҵС˰ɡЦҽŷ˵ץסТ֡
ܺãТ¶ЦݣЦԵߵҪ˯һȰҰðɡ

 10 

ЦڴߣԵĿŴ˯˶
Ưѽ۽ẹֳ̈Ƥְۣѩﻹ͸ŵۺ죬ںڷͷɢڴϣ̺С죬˱Ȼ仹ޡ
⣬ˮˡݡһЦѿĿˮȥϵ˶˯ú죬ǺûѽЦﰵԸˣ͵͵ͷۣû˿񻹺ТûҪѵӣ͵һۣۣûЦһĴûע⵽ТѾ۾䲻һ˫õĴۣŵһҽе´ȥ
ʲô˭׼ˣҹԶ㡣Тڱ͵ʹ˲ˣˡ
Цӵүᣬ˯ŵʱȽϿɰ
ˣʲô֣Т´ЦõģҲֳֺźҪʵû취ŲôСˡ
ҽЦʲô񣿿ңΪ̡
ʲôȻҺͱүͬТŭ
ǵģҲҵĴѵҲЦɣôùΪӣ̡
ȥָҸˡТ
㡭ЦԼҪѪˣ˵ľ͸ĵ
ƾʲôҸ֣Т۾
ƾˡТĻһ䡣
ʲôʱˣֻΪԲòСˣûǩ㡣ͲҵˣһҪҸ찡ôܹڳôͬʱôġ
ѽ㲻˵ҲˡТӴߵߣֽд
ڸʲôЦͻȻֲԤУղǲ˵ʲô˵ĻϸղűͷʱԼ˵˵ʲô
ۣѽѽЦˣ޲ҿ鶹һͷײˡѽѽô˵ôĻ
ТѾдˣֽùӸЦϿ죬ǩֻѺ
Цùһ۾Ϳдĺ------ͷͿʼˡ¿дšծԸɽׯТΪūԵծ񡣱ĶТǧ˳·ӣΥԣκʹ˲˸Ը⳥
㡭㡭Ц꣬Ѿ˵
㣬ĥĥĸʲôТһ֧Ͻǩˡ
ǩҲǩЦڵĴ󺰡
ǩТü鷳ѾҪǿСˣô
ǩֲƽԼôǩЦֲǴɵϡ
ǾͻӡСһ࣬һⲻТﰵЦ
ҪЦС
Ǿ͸ǩ
ǩЦȥˣҲСˡ
˾ôĥ˺þá
ТڲͷˣǩӾͲ㻹ˡ֮ҪԹÿٸʮӡ
ģЦ۷Ź⣬ТһٻƵߡҪдԼȥС
СТٱˢˢϼ֣ʮӣŲ
ЦÿʮӵջºǩˡЦ֣մīӡϸӡʽԼˡ
ԭǽЦѽТӹ
ѽѽǽТһʵһЦԱεؿ²ø˰ɡ
ֻһҲѽТش
ˣЦȭÿʮӵķϣҼ̣̣̣
ȻдһʱˡТۺս
Цɿ
Ժͳƺ˺ˡȻĿЦüˡ
ҽʲôأĳ˸ںԱߵѾ÷ˣ˼СЦУڽԼСŤСЦС̫Цˣͽ㡮Сӡˡ
ҪЦ飬
Тת㻹ҪҪʮˣ
ããСӾСӡЦϽӦӵķϣƽˡ
ǺãСӣȥ·һˡ
·ЦָԼϵ·ʡõ·ˣǰõ·ĵġ
ԣϽȥˣˡТмһˡ
Ѿõ·ˣ˵ҵ·ϴĺܸɾһ㶼ࡣЦѹסĬӣӣҲӹȥ
Т꣬ߵǰȻóӸ㣬Ժʹ⼸·ٴ·ˣˡ
Цϴ󲻸ˣֽӹ··ϺõĳأҪײҪ
ˣȥ·ϣٸϴˮТһ㶼Ŀʼʹ
Ц鲻ԸӦһתȥˡ

 11 

ʲôЦҪˣôô޳ܣҪ
СʲôΪҵūţźϴ趼𣿡ТҲܲ
㵽֪֪ʲôŮܲףЦ
ٸһ飬------------ˡТҧгݵ˵
ϴξ͸߹ˡڽʲôЦ⡣
ǺãңġŮܲס
ΪŮġЦﰧֱ̾ˡ
Ůˣߣ͵ҲҸĽڡТš
Ȼ񣬿ҾǸŮġȻЦǺں˰ˣǣ
ߣТ˲š
ҪôſǸŮģΪʲôţǸеˣͲǸŮģ
ô˵Ҷšͱ˷ʱˣ·ТԹԵĿʼ
㣬Ϊʲôѱ˵ĻЦĺôһŮǰ·治Ҫ
˵ҲҪТˣС󻹴û˸˵ǺãȻ˵ŮӣͰ·֤ҿ
˵ʲôôܽһŮǰ·޳ܣЦߺϽ˿Զ㡣
Цͨ죬˫ֱأһĿԼТҲеͿˣѵǰǸŮӣ
Тϸϸϵ£ңЦ죬ǲ̫šǿЦ飬ֲܲš
Ҹ֤ǸŮģҾ㡣ТȥҲֻˡ
Т䣬Ц̷ɱܳţȥǸСȥˡ
û뵽ǸŮġƽһûźϴ裬Т治ϰߡ
ȥϴˮЦТ̲סԼȽϡ
ͷûԼûԼƤûԼûԼۣüëҲûԼƯ۾ǲ̫СǻûԼҲֲڵúܣԼģְۣӵǱߺܶ࣬źܺ·ҪϺôһءҲܴأôһͰϴˮһ˾Ͱȥˡ
ҪǷ֤û취ЦȻǸŮӡ
ТͻȻЦܿһŮӳһѾѹˣԼӲһҧǸеģһˡ
һҪõ㡣

 12 

أЦѾϴˮˣﻹ̣ŷˡ
Цһݷ˷ТǰҸղ·Ѿ׼ˣҾ˳ˡЦһ˵һ߷޷޵ĿԼǷݷˡΪСķ֣һؼû뵽ûô£Ǳ˰ТˡؼТЦǷݣһٿԼģֻһɫҲԶԶȲǷݡǲƽѽ
Ц£Ŀʼͷԡ
Тб۾ǲأʲôʱ˵ԺһϳԷˡûӣѾˣʲôӡˣڸոյķϣͲƽˡ
Тɫĳ˼ڷ͸˿ӡ
ǱЦѾѷ˳ԵһɶֵĿТô͹ˣ
šТش
ѹ㳤ôЦȻĵͷȴִ֪Тʹ
㣬㡭Тƽ£һǱ˵ŮˣǱ˵ð
ãþ͵û˵˼Ҳ˵˵бҪôС
ТĹתͷ˵
ۣÿɰӺÿɰЦĿˮ̲סַ
ˣˡҲãˡˣôɰķϣˡ
ߡТ飬ǰŸ
ˣԣٳһڡ˼˵㰫ͶԵ㣬ܳøߡ Ƿݷ˼ûô˷ѽЦ͵ǺԼܵóҩп
ҪТܲӵƲ
ҪǲԣҿɾͳԵˡү֪֪жԲЦɿô˷ѣӿʼ
ܳԣТﰵ
Ц극Ķӣʼʰӣһʰһ˵ҪûʲôҾͻȥ˯ˡ
һҪߣТ˲ˣУ
ʲô£Цﰵп࣬ԵĴү֪Ҫʲô
ûҪȻҵСˣȻҪʱߡҪͻȻµʱҲɲСТдʵ˵
ǣѵҪһֱ㷿ǣҪ
ԣ
ҪѲ˯ˣ̫˰ɡ
û˵˯ѽҷ̺ˡТԾܴ󷽵ָָء
а㶼Ѿ֪Ůˣ˯㷿ⲻðɡЦӶɳˡ
ʲôõģТʾҲ۾ɻȥ
ȻáйŮһҵĻҵȫˡЦ۾
ʲôɣֻҪ㲻˵˭֪ǸŮġʵ˵ˣҲδػšТܲΪȻ
㡭Цںȷʥ˺һˣҲᱻġ
˵ˣ֪ŮģѵǻΪͷţﶼñƯʮҺͳþһʲô岻ףûʲôõĵТԼںܺĵȰοЦȴ֪ȰοǸˣ޵
Т˵𾢣ͻȻ뵽ʲôµĻסԼòͻȻԴ󷢣˯͵ϮҰɣ
пܣЦˣˣ޿ˣھҪúõʹһ١
ôûܣղŲͳ˯͵ҡУ㻹ǶˮЦӣڣĿ¶׹߹ТҲе㺦£һ˵һȥ
СЦеˣͣס˽š
СТӸӵôߣʵʵ˵ǲ̲סҹ͵ϮҲŲҸ˯һ䷿
ûУûУЦΪˣҲŲء
ˣȻΪʲôҷ̣
ŲҪΪʲô˯ôĴȴֻ˯ôӲĵϣ
Ƚһ£ҾڷٴŴЦеɿˣТҲ˿ºڣϸյһİĵطɲһ˯ȻˣһǴҲ˵ġ
ǡǱЦԥ
ˣӦТߣʼ
ۣÿɰЦž־ʼҡ
ЦТһתÿټӡ
ãһӣЦϴӶɫĳѹӦתһ룬ּһ䣺㲻Ҫñ֪ǸŮģǰҵеĺˣźҲ㡣
áТĴӦˣּһ䣺Ҳ̫ˣҲҺͱ˵ǸŮģ𣿡
Цﰵ¾------һҪҸʹһ١

 13 

ҹʱ֣Ц˯㣬ͻȻеҡ˯ҪЦûӦƴҡ£Цǲ˿û취ָסıӡ
ʲôЦһ۾ͿТ룬ղӵһˡ
ТˣҶӶˣȥҵԵ
ղųԷʱԵ㲻ϣڶӶӰɡ˵ˣֻôôС֪λүǽͨģЦֻһţһ߳ȥ
ЦŰļ䣬ҵ˳
һšˣû
Ц˳ʼң˰˹ʣµһ׷ʲôҲûҵЦе㷢ˣǸźĴүɲһʲôûеİ׷ܴ򷢵ġңҵһ͸ǸүˣҪҲû취ˡ
ЦСڼˣúܣûһһĵͳˡ
Լ͵һڣЦŶŷطȥ
ТǰӲӣɢһζĳȻǺܼ򵥵ĲϣǿͺܺóԵӣТ̲ס˿ӡֻһڿģһԾͣˡ
ТͷԣЦˣأۣܹȥˡ
ɲ˯ûһᣬֱТҡˡ
ôˣЦǿ۾һСϸ졣
ТĿ룺ܺóأ㳴ģ
ʱˣһ˭û¸ɲ˯ܵȥ?ЦĻش
̫ˣһ³ԲĶأ³ͲˡТϲ̵˵ţǱЦŵ˯涼ܹˡҪǧҪѵֻ㳴뷹Ҫĳˡ
㿴Ѿˣ㻹ǸϽȥ˯ɡԣϽү˯ȥ㲻Ͳǵˡ
һ㶼Ҳ˯ˣ˵˵ɡТµԱ
㲻˯ҲҪ˯ѽȻûϿˡ˯ˣҿһֱΪææһ̶ûͣ㲻˯һҪ˯أЦ޺޵롣
ǵûϵұûȥϿΡТĻش𳹵װЦˡ
˵㲻ȥϿΣЦҲ˲˯ˣϽʣֻϣԼĶˡ
ѽТȻĻش
㻨ʲôѵר̵Ϊѿֿ
Ҫҵң˭ҪѽТҲԼܿ
ΪʲôԭģȻˣܵҪѧʲôɡǱТνЦѾˣ޹Ҳ̫ԩˡ
ҲŲҪģҿɲТνĻش
ϸңЩȽףֲû̫๦ѧġЦһߺȰ
ֺ¡ТܲΪȻ
˵ô磬һȥС壬û׼ء
ȥҿɲȤ
ҰȥʺˡЦҲѧ˵ĻԹԺоĵ˵
ЦҪүʲôѧÿ춼ֻдû¸ɣùĻ˭------ýֺͷҲ֪϶ȫСˡ
һ뵽ԺԼÿ챻ֳֽźǮүǸæתЦ͸еԼδһƬڰ
УЦ˦ͷпµľߡˣһҪһȥѧʲô

 14 

ϣЦǿſ۾ŵТڴ˯㣬ﳤ̾һ------һôѽϱϼûϹۣԼ顣ʲôжѽʲôĸʦĵĸϲѽԼķжƯѽȵȵȵȡò׵˵˵˯ˣϽϵȥΪܰ˯һСˣ˭֪һգ۹ʹˡ
ϵ飬Цϴһ£ûʵȥСˡ
ʲôûѧõģڵ۾Ц漴ʼѵЦѽ뷨ɲУѧ书͵¹ԽǸ书ȥĹԽҪסȻһѵõѧţҪǲϻȥͺһͨûʲôˡҪ֪
ۿھҪ˵ûûˣЦϽضĻʵ
㲻˵ںһˮղʧˮݣЦҪ͵ͺá
ĵûУЦϣʡ
ûС
ڵĻشЦڵ
ЦΪԼҵĽĲѣǱûֻӵķһҲ飬һץסžߡ
ˣӽ쿪ʼҪúˣĸ㡣㿪İɣǱҲѽڻһûУǾʹӼ򵥵Ŀʼ̣ѧĶҲҪ̫ࡣҪѧṦϴѧƷڹѧѨڵһһ߶Ц˵
ЦһΣǼ򵥵ģģҪǲ򵥵ģٵĻʲôӣ
Ϊгֵӵѩ񵤣ǾͰѼƻĶһ¡ΪһҩЧϰڹ°빦Ǿ;һҪϴ̵ڹ˵ǱЦ˿
ʱ֣ЦصТһţľТŭĵ
ļһȻҳ˯͵͵ߣһֱڲŻС˵𣿡Тڳļƣָ㵽Цˡ
ҡЦﰵвһ챻ץѧϰڹķΪ̫Ͷ룬ȫεġӡԺˡ
ʲô㣿ıʵ̫ˣҾ¿ӡТһŭһ˵ЦͷѪĻ
ҪЦ¾ԲҵĴֻȥСһûʲôѧֲû̫󹦷书˭֪СץҾͱȥҽ緹ûԵѽЦװһÿÿӣȻǾԲΪ緹ûԵ˷ݵķˡ
ĻТ΢ת˵㡣
ЦɶϽٽһ춼㣬СǼֻ֪ҴͲĻᡣ⻰ǰȫ٣浹ģ˳зôһѧڹķԺ󣬾ͱСǼŴ뻻ƶСǸСĴ廹˰룬ȻǸͦģҲۣǱôɸ⬸оһ㶼á
ģТе㻳ɡ
ģЦͷ۾һתԱûôķˡôô٣ϻء
Тͷüѳˡ
ЦЦǰҪҪȥŪԵġ
áԵóԵò˵ĳТĵĴӦ
㲻ҪҹǮϽ
áТˬӦ쿪ʼûõҵͬһҲ뿪ҡ
Цеˡ
Тĵ
ûУûСȱס˵Сȥͷʹˡ

 15 

Цܵͼʦ˻޵Цڱʹó
һݺ϶ĳЦҵ飬Ͻظϡ
ϵ̫ˣתʱײˡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡ЦһæǸһ̧ͷһ
ۣʬһЦһӦתȻ̧žҪܡ
վסͼʬںס
ʬ˵Цŵͷˡ
һţŲͣ
Ц𣿡 ʬ
ʬ֪Լ֣ЦĶͷ亹
Ժ£ҰæȴԴоһ˿------ͬ飿
Ȼ£ЦסˡʬȻ˵ҪѵǰĹ£ʬģԼûʬɡѵԼǰʲôˣ󻹶Ķصرɽʬ
Цһ亹һ̧ͷǸʬһĺ£źޱԽԵòҰײҰ׵ġףʬôŸʳУѵʬҲҪԷ
ʱǸʬ˹뿪ȵӰЦſʲôʬҩ
ЦĿڣԼѹѹȻѽ
Ц񣬼ȻǽʬǾȴкɡ
λҩĴ磬þòˡ
šʬûʲô飬ֻ΢˵ͷ
ţλ磬ôƺѽԷĻӦô磬ȴûһҪȥ˼ݵ䳡ЦҲֻӲͷƤ
ǳõĳĬ֪ǲǴЦϡ·񿴼ʬüͷ
շ硣Цʱ򣬶Էڿ˽ڡ
Цõ⣬ϽĽӿڣԭǷѽ֪ʲô𣿡ͬʱﰵ¾Ϳ˵û¾Ϳߡڵ۵С۵ĸоʵ̫ˡ
ǶݵĳĬЦǰľ飬ҲſˣĬĬŶԷĻش
Ҳá
ڿˣЦȴһͷˮãʲôطã޽£Ҳش֮볤õĳĬ
Цһ£߶˵ҲáǿޱЦɲ˾顣
ĬĬõĳĬ
ֵñ·ʱһߺһصԶԶƿˡ
һ亹ЦĶͷ¡Сû飬ѵҪվͶλǽʬʤƽʬĴʯõһ
ڣЦѪ֮ǰλ³֣ҩ衣
֣Цжÿ޳ˡϽŬ룬룬룬һҪ̵ʱ̺⣬λһĴ𸴣ȻҲãҲգʵڲҲҪϽ뿪طȥ
Ͳ̫һͨˡ
Ǹ磬Ȼʹҩ裬ǩҲǰÿģҲԿġûµģͲˡǸѾܾãٲȥ㲻ҪˣҾˡɿ˵꣬νž
һ𡣡
ô򵥵֣ӽʬ˵üƻʧܵЦᡣ

 16 

һ·Ĭǰ
ЦʵֹܲŹֵգֻþ˵ֻϧ˵ȥĻûаӦû취ֻӲͷƤϵĽ
޻˵ˣֻûһ
Ǹѽ֪֪ʲôǲû̫󹦷һ㶼ѧɵģ
ޱЦϣļ½ûжԲԡҿѽԺҿ϶챻ȥһһǸҪе㲻⻹вҪҵӡѧԺʲôѧˡѵԺֻȥͣ뵽ǿµδЦС
С
ʲôЦ۾ǰɰֿ׵ķմ磬ȥʲôʲôʲôңҡ
ҽ
ҽҽ𣿷磬㲻˵ǵĻͷͺˡ
ЦĿڿһͷ
!ЦҸĴڰδ͸һ⡣
ТҸʳ
ԱߵЦԵúܿĵӣʱĿڣǸ١
ԱߵТϽӿڴĻˣҪȻҲǿԵġ
ΪҸδЦֻܼװû
ҽҵʡֺѧġ
˵һ룬ֱТϣ㻹ѽ˵ûֺˡ
ǡθң˵־ͱϡ
ȥҵ
Ц޷Ȼò裬ȲһʳͽϿڣȥѧҽ˵Ǹѧһ㶼ģֲ̫๦򡣡һ仰˵꣬Цоˬû˴ϵĸоá
ֲ书ѧʳТ϶Ȼ
ʲô书Ĳѧ಻ģ书ҲѧԼװ׵֪ûʲô಻ѧɵ书ⲻǰ˾ʲôѧҪԺȴŰЦݺݵӸ
ģģ˵
㿴͵Ϊѧ书ԲԣЦʡ
ǡТ۽Ƴһۡ
Ц˲ӿ죬ôͻȻôĵ׺ġ
ͻȻľͷƵģĻһ㷴ӦûУТϴ󲻸˵ýһ£ιǲˣ
ЦعƯ׳ϵӡ۵òˡɴûôõ·ôŪࣿҲС
۾ɻȥͻȻԼûɣװһЦʵһ㶼Բԣ
šТͬ⡣
㲻ѧʲôô뿪ؼȥأ
ţ⵹ҲǡТʼ˼ǰû
ТɫЦЦʹ˰ɣѧѧϵЦҲ̲סҪ¶ˣТֻӲס
Тע⵽ֵɫе㾯㲻ǰƨ
ʲôѽ㵽ʲôѽЦû뵽ͻȻôһ䣬˲Ϸڵء
˵㲻ǰƨТ壬յߴ˵
˭˵Ҫƨˡ
ɫΪʲôô֣ѵŲƨ𣿡ТŬԶԶġ
̡ˣ˵ˣ˵ԽֻԽЦֹ˵ѪѾ׵ˡ
ЦھԼƽˣװЦˣſУ룬Ȼ˵ҽ书ѧúãΪһҽӦҲܸ˰ɡһˣϾͰӻȥʱ㲻Ͳٴ𣿡˵ˣﲹһ䣬ҲŰˡ
ţ˵ûеТʼ濼ǣû뵽Ÿһ죬ͱôˡ
ǰһ仰Цһϲ˵Ǿ䣬ֻû
룬Ϊҽѽ书ٺãҲֻ㡣ʱ˾Ȼû书ǻǱЩʲôʲôĸҪǿѽĸҲЦΪõδ
ǵҲǡТҲʼŻԶ
ֹЩѽ룬˵ʱҲġҶ˵ҽĵǸҽʺá￴־󻹻᲻𣬻᲻Ϊ𣿡ϵ̸Ц϶һǺܰˣںǵġ
šТţЩƮƮȻˡ
ԺһˣͿչǣýЩӹҽˡչˣһõøءټһƣ
ãҾˣҾѧҽˣҾȥϿΡТ׵ˡ
ɹˣЦЦÿ쿪ˣȴװصı顣
٣ѡǺܺءǡЦüһԥӡ
ʲôТҲû˼ȥƽΥûˡ
˵ҽֻر˲ѧءЦһʹ״һѻ˵
ġТԲѵԼؿڣҾررˡ
ǾûˣЦһҪһһϲ״һܴͷѧβֱΪһҽˣ·ˣ
ǵȻҲТʲôˣҪҶѧɣϿҲѧˡڱϸţôΪһҽġТڳͣЦš
õТı֤ЦڷתТЦݣȻ첻һܳƨܿӣôЦôÿأѽϽѿˮ

 17 

ڶһ磬Цѻ˯ТӴ
Т˯Ժġ
ѵˣӽ쿪ʼҪȥϿѧϰҽˣҪΪˮ֮еΰ˾ҽˣЦһ˵һ߰緹ŵϣš˿鲼
ŶТеԺҲЦԼ緹Լٷ
һæ֮ЦŻûȫѵТĸȥȥСЦҲ֪Ͽεĵص㡣
ĸһƿţЦ̲ס˰νžܵĳ嶯ΪТһ͸жˡ
ǲҰײҰ׺ޱڱѻڵĺ£ǲǽʬŶԣǲķ
ıֻһ飬ЦĬĬΪԼ˰˵ᡣ
Ҹɡ
ʲôһΰɣʬŶȻ˵ˣ˵ûýʾ֭ȥ˼һӾĻЦ͵͵Լһ£ʹһ漣ˣǸл
ϽТţ滹һλ
ҪТȥ£ТȴָŵڶŴߵλãҪ
ðɣѾˡЦͷʹѵĴȰ˵λүͷδ䣬ͿǸλǰ˼λŵǸ÷˵ٶȰ˴һŵĿλȻЦָǸλ
ЦĿɿڴֻ̾Ȼǡաˮѽ
ãллˡТ߹ȥ£Ȼӻ֣ˣȥɣȻ¿ҡ
ÿ£Ц˲еʮɱ۹ݺݵͶϡɱˣѾʮˡ
ЦϽش𣺡ǣˣ˿ҾţȻɱ䵭ˡ
ЦԼˣȥĸТ
һ·ϣЦõúܡڳɹİТƭȥϿΣֵСͬԺӹǮ黹治һĺءȻСıĵúȫҶҲûа취ӰȸԾ顣
ЦĸŻûпλûء
Цſϣŷ￴
ףôТԱλϵȫˣѾǼˡףôôϴˣûġۣʬȻʦҮʦöڽʲô𣿰ѶȥŬѽȻһһĻҮһöأڽһʲôҩءһЦ̧ͷ죬ܽҶĻΪʲôҪءѵú𣿻ɥſ̨ϣ֦ڵϻȦȦ
ڵȵ¿ˣЦȥТںͽʬ署ɲȥǸ֣ܵТλϣʼʰ
Цһ룬ͱΧסˡ
λʲô𣿡Це㱻ŵˣòЩ˱Т۸ˣɡ
㣬ǼСϲʲôĳ׳һ䡣
С㣿ЦͷʲôʱиСˡòҲͬĴ󣬰ТŮˡҺ⻰ûТȻžҪֳˡ
뿪ڽͣȴͻȻ˰ʲôһӣһʲôһӣ
ʲô˼ѵҪϲÿҪ赹ˣ̲ס¡ȴΪӲһ
ֻҪǼСϲʲôôġ
ۣЦ¿ˮȫ׼ТԱˣãǡ

 18 

һЦĻƵաȥ·ϣЦŻӣֵ̲סɵЦ۾￴ȥĶãر̣رĺá
ӴЦûע⿴ϣ˸ʺ
ιô£Тһ·϶ɵģô趼ûò߻ħ˰ɡ
ûУûСЦӵɾ·
֣Те㲻ΪʲôЦûû۾תͷȴЦĵĳЦŵһСӽӹȥ
ããɱˡЦСպãһһ˰ɣطȥϢɡ
ЦڵķĵЦ£Т̲סðƤӿЦ֣ˣԼ߾ˡҿɲһˤʺ
ááЦһҲүʲôǶԵġ
ϳ극ТڴϿ飬Цһ߸硣
ЦһЦݸȣТﲻеëëġСŬǺܺãתҲδת̫˰ɡ˵Ļʱ۾ϰ̸ͼֻȥѹôͻȻô˵ʲô͸ʲô˵һ㷴ӦûУһЦУҲ̫˰ɡ
쵽ôˣʵ̲סˣТ
ôˣûôѽЦ⡣
ôô˵ôҽʲô͸ʲô
𣿡Цˣڱӵķ϶õ㣬ôôֵ⡣ѵǡǸô˵ţˡ
Ȼá׻˵ڣǼ鼴һʲôͼı˵
ۣû뵽پȻܿͼıЦ¶Ŀ࿴
Ȼˣôܳء
ʵʵģ㣬ӣۿҪΪһҽˣΪС˵Ҳҫһ뵽ҾȻлźδҽҾͿģĸã⡣Цһ˵һ̾ϢԼôʵݵһˣȴ˵ˮôסһӱһѽ
ģ
ģ
ТĻشְתصϵ顣
ˣ֪㶼ϲʲôЦװĵʵ
ʲôТ̧ͷ֪ǲǴ񿴼Ц۾лȼա
ֻǺЦЦ룬ΪСˣҪϲʲô֪ǲǺ𣿡
Т°ͣ˵úеء
ǣ˿ʼһһ
İЦһλðЦǰһšʮѽû뵽ѽϳТ˯Ժ͵͵ТϲдֽϣʮݣȻÿݽӣȻһ¾ͱˡһͭ嶼ûͰװ׬ʮӡҸѽ
ТüС˲֪ôˣԴʼѧҽһһһһ֪֡ΪһҽҲô˷ܰɣҽֲ
ʲôТĵɴۣò롭
ТôĿɿڴĿǸСֱֱһǽȻʵʵײǶǽϣ֮泯ĵ¡
Χ¶ֵıΧĽųЦϣָָ㣬Тסĵˡ

 19 

ڶϣТһ̬ûϴϺ緹Ҳ˲óԣԼҪš
ЦŸհ緹ТҪߣϸ
첻ȥˣԼȥͺˡ ТֹУҲˣԼطġ
ЦֵĿεεĴүȻԼأ˵ˡ̲ס⣬֪̫ǲǴġ
ǱТԼһ˳˷ţĸȥ
ǰĸ˽šһ⼸˵û˵иɵ͵͵ܵѧԺˣײǽȥˡԱ˽ϣ˵ˣ˵ǸӣͻȻԴԼͷȥײǽԣԡ˱ʾԣ˵ѧԺѧ߻ħȥײǽԣԡĸҲ˺˵ԼϢ˵ѧԺѧʦʦ˼һʱ벻ͨžײǽԾĸ˵ģ˵ҵģ˭Ҳ˵˭ۿҪˡ
Тһͷ亹ʼҪҪȥС˹֮ڲҪţⱻϳԼ
ЦڵϣԱ߷ָЦѨϰ˹һԺջ֣Ц˵ʲôҪ룬רһҪרģҪ߲ˣܻ߻ħġ
Ц΢ͷʾԼˡȻĿ񣬿ʼߡ
Ǳ߷һ߿һߺԱߵķԷ˵ĵѽҽ˵ѧԺײǽԾ⵽ô£
ײǽԾЦˣһȥˣϽٰȷ·ȥѾû취˼ȫˣƴ͵
Ҳ˵ˣе˵ɵܽе˵ǷӴ˵ѧ߻ħоѧܷײǽԾԷ˵һ˵ѧԺкܴӰ죬Ѿȥˡ
üءȷʵһִţѧԺӰܴ󡣲ѧԺ㴳룬Ǻѧ߻ħʦⶼ˻ѧԺֱӰ쵽ǵӣ׼ѧѵġѵǡǵľڵңһ뵽֣Ժͳּ޶˵ŵһϡԱߵķԷȻһ뷨þֵ
ʱڽˣŷͷԷʣ˵磬ѧԺʲôʱéɽҲʼˣô֪ͨһЩѧһ㶼𲻳
ʲôͷԷĪ
ǸʲôʲӵĴǽѽһʮѧұָҪǽĿΡ
ûаش
ѽЩѧ˵иѧڵϰǽѽ
ͷԷɾĬЦͻȻʼ
ϽǰЦе߲;ЦҪרģȻΣյġ
ЦͷѸղŲǺĿˮȥһﱧԹҲרѽǰôרĵˡ
߷ԲߣǱ߷һߵĴ˿ɫܵĵôˣ
µĿҪһˡʹĻش
ʲô˵ɫҲһѿˡ
֪˭ڴҥԣ˵ѧԺһǽǽֻҪгײͻײҶײ»ɳ֣ԸϢһϾһӵȥײǶǽղҵǶǽѾײˡĲѣǶǽҪѽ
˷Ļ߲ѣһҪҳǸײǽļһ϶Ǳļϸ
ԡڽϣҳ֮Ҫж˿顣йͷ֮ʹ
ѽЦôˡԷͻȻ
תͷЦڵϣ֫鴤°ĭ
ˣ߲ˡϽǰ˹ԷɵҲԥȥ

 20 

¿ˣĸТʱ䣬ʼʰ
Ȼ¿ΡָմĶ䣬϶һƵķɱȥ
ĿɿڴĿȥ׼ﻹûͳȥء
Сϲñ˹׼ҪýֺüˣܺͼԼڻƻ󡣿ڡ
ã컹лᡣ˲Լͬİ롣
Тһ·϶زأû˵ĵطߡ
ߵһƬͷԵΧû˵ʱͻȻ˴һ¡
Тһͷһ
һ·סֻ¶һ˫۾֡
˿ûӦɿİѰ·ƿַɿİȥ
ТһǱˣǸСˡ
ЦĴ磬Т̲סЦӦ֪쵽ʲôɵ˰ɡ
ҡĳЦЦ޻˵
ڴ󺰣Ǹײǽ˵ôТ죬û侮ʯ
ң
ҵȻҡТҪŵЦһס죬ȴͣʧģһˤڵϡ
ôĵӡТˤˣһڵ˵Цϣϵ·סıӡ
ЦҪТԼѹסУЦķ
ŤһţͻȻ˵ǲҪ컯֮£Ȼ⹶֮¡Ա˽ϣѽмԱ̾
˻ͷһ֪ʲôʱȻ߸ˡ
һ紵˶ʱȫӲֱð麹
ȻЦͻһѿТҲĪٶȿ񱼶ȥֻһ
ϣТĸ磬Ĭϴϣ飬Ŵһ죬ûˣһ׼š
Ҹ㣬Զ׼šТٳǰݺݵЦ
ŶЦʵӦ
УҪ㱻˸ϳˣǧ˵ʶҡҪңҾ˰ȥιТһݻڵĳŶȥ
ЦãТӦѾԶˣųš
һ·ϣ۹·˷˾˾Ͷ㡣
ţЦͻȻǰϷ㵽һô׼߹ٳ
û˵һһŮľĻڲС
˵ˣ˵սңѶһءôû۸ءĳ˰յĻش
߹Ц̽ӡⶼʲôˡ
һ˳֣Ц
˵ѧԺ˲ɻһصŮ
ԣҲ˵ˣѧԺ챻ɻ°ȥһŮѧءһŮҲĲѡ
ÿ£ԺҪСĵˡ
ǼŮѧ˽ԶˣЦͻȻͷʹֻõͷǰߡ벻ʲôˡ
ţͻȻ˴Ӻߺкλ̨һߺ𣿡
ûЦ𻰣˾ߵԱߣС
˵λ̨ѽ㳤òӢҸȰ棬ʱòҪһ䵥˿ЦҸ棺˵ѧԺһŮɻרӢ֣Ҫһ˵ĻΣյġ
˵Ļ䣬ЦŰҽţҽŰţˤࡣ

 21 

ЦţĶ˵ЦѾһˣ쿪ʼҾʽʼ㱾ŵڹķˡķһ㣬ѧǵһ㡣ҸղѾѿھ̸ˣҪſھϵۼڵ֮ȫ忪еѨλҪţмѨرѳ忪ǧҪ죬мǲܼȻ»ȫ𡣡˵꿴Це㲻ģҺúõļоȥһĪĲǿɲġ
˵ţˣʣܣǸײǽ²𣿡
һɥǸˣֳˡ
ʲôʲô£˵弱æʡ
˵ѧԺ˲ɻˡ
ʲôֱԼĶ䣺ЦɣĸɻҵѧԺ𣿡
һ˼˵ǸɻֲѧԺѧ뽫ܻ񣬽ʮһ϶Ķ֡
ѧ书ʮǶ֡ôõ֣ʲôأ˼С
ЩϹ˵ѽЦԱһ߳Ѩһ͵ҿ·ѾԣѾ׼ȻҪ϶ˡ
ûһںͷԷҲˣֵܾһԲߡ
ЦԱ˵ҪҳǸɻȻֿ̽ĥ̲סҥɱѽ֪̹Ǽ᲻ءЦô룬Ǽһɱ룬Ҳøء
Цݱ֪ϺﶼûŹֻϣϽһ찾ȥŹ֮Ҷ¸ǡߣе㻵ĵ룬ҲȥϼҥɢҵעҲá
Цʾ֭űЩʲôҥԵʱ˵ѾȥѧʱˣӦúܿнˡ
ʲôЦ룬ѵܻҪ֪ТôŤһӾͱ˵ʱӦðڳǼ˸ɱڡ
Ȼʱһһ˽һᣬԷ˵ҵʱڳļѧˣǵݣǵʱλˡǼѧˣһ˵һ뵱ʱ龰޶¡
ʲôЦһѨʧȥƣ͵ĳʧصɢäĿҳײһʱ޷
ĺáֽӹ᣺ҵҪ˭ѧԺﵷҡ
Ǳ߷ѾʼĦȭƣץǸСȰٷ书ĽȻҵѧԺߵϣѧÿпվʯͷӼ£ʮԺٰ͵ٸȥ͡
ЦƴȥĻᣬȴ޷֡
ۿѻչˣһͻȻӿһǿȻȫȥЮ֮ǰɢԲɵ֮ƣ谭سȫڵ֮СȻ󡪡ЦԼͻȻܶˡ
ۿҪˣֵסҪĸ۵Ļ쵰ͻȻԱƽճһֻ֣Ѹײڶٶᣬܿ˵ߣһչ
ڿһ˲䣬׼һ˺ٻֽЦͻȻһȻǰһڣ˾ȵ̱ڵϡ
ĺܴܱأǲѽʧȥʶǰЦô롣
ЦһͿĸϲӵ
ôˣЦʣŷԼȫ
ЦҹȻûпѽڼס֣һʱһʱûȻѾѵһˡ
ʲôЦеãȻˣ
ЦȻеš̲סϲѧѽһѧԺâɵĽơԣҲõȽˣٶȣҲͿˡ
ɾɺˣһѣõô𣿿ĸЦúԪӣЦе㲻ס
Цõò˵ķڶͣҪ֪ⱾŵڹȻ£һʵǺܼ򵥵Ҳ˵ѵġһûѧ츳һҲһ㣬ǺҲͲȥˡһõĻꡢ԰ϵĴѨλͨмѨҲͨˡȻԼѧѧЧҪۿۣԺͺ߻ħ츳õģһҲҪһꡣҵµʱɣǷǳˡǣ㣬Ц˵һ٣һָһʱˣǰ㻹һȫ书ˡ
ЦĻеˣʣô˵Һˣ
ͷ
һͨǷǳǳ֣
ͷ
ǳǳǳȷʦ
ͷ
ôЦ۾صʣǻҼӹǮԲԣ
˴סһˡ
ЦϺȷԷɰҩҩܿ࣬ЦȴЦúܿġЦ۾ЦüëЦϸҲЦ
ЦôܲЦһĸ㿳ɱȥһʱ֮ԷֵͬٸЦա
ҩЦ첲ղΪڼ̵ʱȥ̫ŻȫϢһֺҩ־ʮˡ
Ա߷ֵʹĿҸı飬Ĳѡ
ͻȻɨǰĻТǰʲô
ЦһϽش𣺡뿴ǸʲôӣҲϳ˭Ҳһ
ڵǲǰĻϧǰﲻʲôæˡ
ЦٴͶϡǼ䴫һ֡Ҳ֣Ҳǡ룬˵ڵϣһһѹšѹǸ·ţֻ¶һ˫۾ѹǸͷɢסˡ
ΪˣЦǾ̫ˡ

 22 

ĸһƬžʮѧűڴ⡣
Тӱʼ飬ƴϽ뿪ȥԼķ
ϴӷ䵽ĸ·ϣѾ˲ʮֵĴ԰汾ˣһһʶһһɫһһףһһѪĸԺҲܾ˿۹ֵֹģɵľǲǱ˸ǽֻ֮һ
ʱϣӿλطȥϧʵ̫תʦޱĳˡʵûа취沿ޱ顢ʬķʦעö֮ӿΣֻú¡
ҺãʦϾǿԣ뿪
Тõӵһ𣬾ƴĿдһֻĥīһֻд֣޲ֻŶһ
ڣТһдˣ
һٶպϵĶһٰѾʦһţתȾܡ
ѽɣô죿ʣµѧĿɿڴҪﻹûأ
̨ϵʦչТľӣ˼֮󣬲ɵﰵ̾ϿֻΪЦڿТȷʵⷽţžΪΪЩѧġѧʮ֮һͿԹˣдƯľӣӦˡǸ˲ѽúԼǲǾл뿪ˣţֵһԣ
˼ֻϧȻޱ顣
Тһܻط׼ţվȴ˴һƿһһЦŴһ
˰ŹϣðѵӰŶϣŰ
Цȿڲ裺컹Ǿա
δ䣬ͿТסӣ㱻ϳˣ
Ц㱻֣Ͻ˵ûУûУôᱻϳأ
Т˿㻹˵ʲôա
ЦºТ˵ˣȻüʣûʲôˣͲ֪ҥԻᴫá
ТԵúܷģ㲻̫࣬鴫˶õġֻҪб鷢ˣֻȥҥˡ
һֱûб·أЦûôֹۡ
ĻТıͻȻؿЦǾ͡
ɢµҥԡͬ˵ȻԼЦ

 23 

ڶһ磬û˯ڿ˼ʮ¡ЦТӵˡ
Цһһ߶뿴ʲôʵѡ԰æҥԷٵĴȥͻȻϱһ¡
ЦеĻͷһȻĸŮ
ĸŮȻѾǺˣжʮӽʮˣǱ껪ĽŮй֮޲һ֮ѩ׻ļ˻ǵۣĴţ΢¶ѪľѽȻЦŮģҲɵӿġ
Ϊ׵ŮӼЦǣһЦߵԣλС磬֪壬ڣͷԷĸ𣿡
䣬ԱһŮӽϣ㣬ˣǵķ籦ءһ˵һЦ׸ֵۡ
Цץץͷֱϳˣû취ѽ̲סеĽĿĸŮҪܳͺˣԶܱϴġҪܳТ͸ˣȽûТȽƯ
ЦǵĻͻȻתһ룬ǺѧԺء
ʲôˣĸѧԺ𣿡䣬ͿĸŮ¶ֵı顣
ʲôط𣿿ǵЦ̲סͷϸһԼĴţûʲôëѽ
ͷĽõϸЦǿɺٻĸΧ֮£Ȼ˼ء˵ǰĽޱ׵ۿģȻҲΪ濴ССȴܸء
ĽõƣŰµĽ˳
Цӯӯһݣ̧ͷĿūҼǷֵܵϣѰģλСæ·òѩ׵ıҧź촽ϸĿ磬ô˲ϧôΪ
ǣЦȴֻ֣Ǽϴ·ôõϣôõֹ۸ԸߵٿǼΣ˵ǼֵǣǾƷеľƷȥˣκһЦĹϺüꡣСֵܵ˽⣬ǿܻԼôýֺͷ룬ЦҲ֪Ǿԡɡܡģ
ôĸšǼʲôˣЦʵ
ĽǾԻʵʧ룬һвһ򶼰԰ôȻʧ飬ҶǸô۵Сӡ
ĸŮӻཻһ϶ˡ
Ľõһ£ʧˣĽݷȥҲʲôáҲ̫ãȻĸˣǽļƻҲһˡȻĲԣǾֻܸӲˡ
Ľõ⣬ʹɫĽޱ̷˲Ц󣬴סЦĲӡ
ǸʲôЦʧ룬Ǵ˵רŽɫŮɫħɣ費Ҫ˵ʵҲŮǷʵǸŮĻ᲻ϾͱɱأһϱҥͣЦ˼һʱֵͬҰʼű߼ʵĺұۡ
ˣԹԴȥֻȻĽޱĽвϽ˽
ãáЦæĴӦЦôһλεĽڲܲӦǲѽŸ׼ɢҥԣԼĲӾͱ˼һѽѵǴ˵еǴ
ͻȻЦ۾һɨףǲǡ
оˣϣϴ󺰣磬ѽ
ֻǱŵĽʬ߿Ȼһӵŵ飬ɱ
ţЦ̲ס۾ǲۻˣô÷෴ķܹȥˡ

 24 

ɻǲԼۻˣͻȻܹһɫӰŽʬַӶȥɳһɫ˿ýʵʵһһ˦ȻЦͿʬֽʵʵıˤĽűߡ
ۣúõӡЦﰧ̾һ͵ܵģڿɲҳˡ
ʬָأԱߵһŮϷɿİѷһ§ϲؽţþòء
ЦԶ췢ģĿˣϳ˱顣üͷɫ죬ҧгݣһ׺ݣͷϵĽ챬ˡ
ݺݵļ֡
ʲôЦ²⡣
Ϊʲôǲܽ֡УôһǾܡԴ׵𣿡µĽ߹ȥһҲָʹĶͷ
ԱߵЦˣһҪĽޱںסҪˤĽųˡ
ôôܣôö署ĻôܻǷףУѵǽ
ûĻĸףҲȷȷʵʵվǷ籦Ľõ߻شЦ⡣
ЦŷԼ֮£Ȼʳˡڵõ˴𰸣ȴԻˡʲô˻ĸףҿͣӦѾʮ߰ˣĸӦöôĶӰɡУĸûˮ׼˻ԼĶȡΪرǰֿڱȽʬʬķϡ
ǿѽŷ磬˵Ƿ籦ĸŮӵָͷѵЦ̲סҪΪһ֮ͬˡڲ֪ԭĸôµ顣
ýָţȻǵĶӵȻʲôΣգǶΪԼһ°ɡ
ΪֵĽޱȥ۸ӡˣýĻۺĽݷƣһЦݣܺ˵ӡ
Ǹ裬ܷܲѽЦ֪ôƺǣǺϲӣƺӦûɡ
СĽݷһЦݵķ顣
ΪʲôǲҪĸѧԺ÷ȥˡЦĿ顣
СӶĸȶĸҪöˣǲŲָءĽݷƲƲ죬е㲻Ļش
ĸЦæʣѵСֵǷĵ
ĽݷĻЦСֵܡƺ治ó
ȻЦĺܺЦûͣǲѽ
ǡĽݷסЦش
ѵЦе㾪ˣĸСһëεķֵܵţ죬ôܣȻȢţҪľǷ˾Ȼῴǲ˼ѽ
ԣûĸǵšӰĽޱĽݷƻش
ЦͬĿǣ룬֪Сֵʲôֶΰĸƭ֡һ־òԣžĸСҲ᲻ôõ·ôõθǡ
ͷǸӡЦָĽݷͷſԲɻ˭֪ġֶû˵ڣĽݷƾͺİһΣӸ
ЦæҵĽסǸӣЦԼǷТأҪٰˤҪһˡ
ȻϲǾ͸ˡĽݷƺνĶ˵
ЦհǸǳǳֵǮСĽݷƵһ仰ŵֲʧְˤڵϡŲǷˣȻǴ󷽵˵ķˣ̫һǴ߳ˡ
龪棬Цϰյ˻콵ѽ
֣Цʱã㲱϶˰ѽҲûôˡԷ籦ҲͬĽĸô󷽵żһ¶ͷѵʲôϵء
ǱĽõڶԶӱƹԣĸ
籦ߡ
Цһˣ룬ȷʵǸĵȽϺãȻΪҪԼߡĽõĻȴףĻ
ˣȥĽõۣķ籦ƭˣĸһһѧԺĸ¸ͻûˡ
籦вΣתͷЦһۡ
ЦʲôûӦǱĽõѾĵİ˿ӷ籦ϽȻЦ߹ιСӣȥȻִвЦ˵㲻֪֪ġ
ʲôʲôʱ˵ģЦһƬУʲôʱ˵
ղŲǿһ𡣡Ľݷƺĵİ˵
Ц㯵ؿһۣǲס
ղſһۣǺ˵˵֪ҪȥĽޱ˵
ѽû뵽ǼȻ棬ֻǿһۣǾȻʲô˼ЦͶأǷ籦׵޻ɡ

 25 

ĽޱѼЦϵĽջȥСӣúõİǴ·ٲĺôҪ붯ʲôԽĻĽޱвԵЦЦָ׻ЦĲӣŶ
Цµصͷãҿ԰Ǵ·ǿɲԸǵĸСʲôǸòȥɱǰɣ
ĽޱЦģǲȥɱǵġ
ǡֻҪȥɱ˾ͺãЦеˡ
ֻǺܾûˣԡĽش𣬰ԳĺΡһ죬ʣҲһ
ǵӣϲСֵܡЦһۡĸŮǾԵû۹⡣
ЦĽĽȥ
һ·ϺһˣЦѾ֪ĸǴСһ𳤴ýˡЦҲղôˣ´ŵʣǼСֵſڵǼȥ𣬸ղŷҪҸýָŴȥȻĸȥſڽҲѽΪʲôƫҪۼ޹·˼ס
ЦĻһڣͻȻϾΧˣĽĽõɫһǳÿ
ۣ仰񲻸ʵġЦе¡
ҺĽĽòûвɱй޵뷨ֻһĬˡ
˳ĬһЦǳڣæҸǸһ£Ϊʲô˵ôšôҿϿΣϿεʱ˵ɲġ
С˵ֻ˵һ;˵֣ܲ˵һͲ˵ϿεĻû취ΪĸˡҲܳΧգĽݷϳش
ԭЦ⿪еԻ
һС·ҲѾ쵽ˣЦָǰ棺ˣСֵӦö档
лˣĽõһ˵һЦһģסѨִһֻЦĻǴлˣѨʱԺԼ⿪ģھ͹ԹԵĴˡְЦһ棬Ľñһȥ
ЦһҲˡ
һù糿ѽЦﰧ̾ѵ׼ȥɢҥԣһֶûɢȥϾͱһѽֱ˵һ棬ˡڻӺӣЦ־Ǹ˲糿ˡ
ĺأЦ´߶ѧĵһķȥ屻סǸѨλľ飬ûѨͱ忪ˡ
Ц˵شӵֽţҲȥ
ŵܵĴߣһֻ۾Ӵȥ
һ֮£ЦеԾҵĸֵܹȻڣһһҲˣһøɵۡĽݼҵĸһŸ󲼴ŬҪװȥ
ڸʲôЦеͷԣǰΣӦȥСֵܡԼ϶ĸŮ˵Ķ֣ǲӦȥҷء
ЦţͻȻһҵĽŲ
ЦͷһʦѧҴææܹ
ˣˣͷǸʦһţһƿţļѧʦҲųȥ
һţҾͱǰľ񾪴ˣһ֪شֻͷǸʦʶĽĽãǼֱţ˵ѽǱˣ²ˡ
²ˣЦĵһӦǡТҥԴùͷˣˡ
ĽĽõķӦǡȫûзӦֻװˣ͵ǰЩȫڡ
ǸʦĽĽȫֱţѽǸϽѧԺ˰ɣѧԺˡ
ĽõһۣϹ˵ʲôѽѧԺܳʲô£˿ԣó汾
ǳˡвɻѧԺˣץһѧԺŮѧʦﵲأǸ书ǿʹץѧҲҶºУۿͿҪסˣøϽѧԺ˹ȥǸʦöǹˡ
һǲɻĽĽõɫʱü԰ףһۣԳϽ⿪˰ŵķֵܡ
ֵܴӵʲô˲ϣϸǸʦ˳ȥĽĽҲ׷˳ȥ
֣ЦţТǼҥûһѽѵ˵ҥԵĺҲѽĺӦ°汾ˣҲ·ŮѧŮ·ѧ֮ģܻľɰ汾ѽ
Цأмѧܹһ㻹ʲôС㱻ɻץˡ˵ţһץסžܡ
ҼС㣿Цһٿ⼸ѧТĸͬѧһŵӣԲǿЦӡ
ѵ˵ĲɻˣץТһ뵽Цһ˦ץˣƨһŸղŷֵ뿪ķ׷ȥ

 26 

ԶԶģЦ˴Ͻӿ첽Ӽȥ
вѧʦڵϣ˲ţеˣвɫڣϢ΢˶мʦѧڸ˵ˣ˶ļȴûа취
籦ڵ߸ʦΧһȦͱΧȦе˶šǸ˼ϿŸˣЦһǲТ˭
Тɫ԰ף˿ڼһҲǱѨˡЦˣТֳ︡һ˿ϲɫȰĿ
˵ТֻЦһˣǾɫϳҼ飬򶯵ȴڳв֪ϸˡ
£ѧѪڵŽŵȥҪӢ۾ȡ˳ȡ˵ķġ
⼸ѧɫֵͷڵسȥȴ߸ʦпࡣ书ǿʹϻиѧǼȲ̫ܿҲܶðֻ˲ȰסȥѧԺĸѧԺĸˣȴ֪Ϊʲôȥˣ￴ڸˣȻѧԺѧԼʼ˳ˡ
ΧȦе˿ǼѧһЦһȦϾͳǷ˶ȥץסһһʦȥ
ʦۼǸѧһʱ䲻֪ôźáɣ㲻˾ʹˡɣѧôӹû׼ᱻײȥ߱ײֻ΢μ£¶ָû취ǸʦҧҧƣӲǸѧ¡
ˣϵˡһǸѧǸʦ̲סﰵСѧѾ˶ˣһҲȾ˶˵ļơⶾǰԵֻһ¹Ǹʦɫɰת̶࣬תڣ˵ϡʦһأߵȱڳ˹ȥۿҪȥˣһɫӰȥһְ˻ȥ
վԭأĽõһЦ˵ĽݴˣúõĲȥԼ飬ҵľָʲô
Ľõҧѽֻǰγ
˼ĽõĶһЦĽݴˣĹҵĶ𣿡
˵ĿĽõĶ֡ոеЦżץŷ壺ʦ㣬ȥТϣ岻ûϳȥˣҡҡͷ
ôˣТɻʡ
ֻ̾ԱߵĽشĸѾ˶һ㹦Ҳûˡ
ɣЦ汻ŵˣôû֣ĸߵ˾Ѿ˶ˣТ
ǿ͸˼û˵ģǸһﻹûôµġ
˭ʲôʱôˣ¶ǺһЦĶ뿴ǲǻе˶ڰ
Ӧòһġһ߻شһ߿ԱߵĽ
һĽֻǺܾûˣǣ˭֪޵˵Ľݷưı
ǲ˵ǲҪ˵ˣбҪôҩ𣿡ü
һ˵Ľ޵øˡ
ʲôѽҪǼȢǣҲҩǻȥˡĽޱ
ۣǾ޵дѽ
ĽޱĻЦ춼úϲˣô£ԭֻ˱޳ֶܵΰĸƭ֣ĸ飬ҪȻ⣬Ȼవ˵ĸСļһĸȥóס
𾪹𾪣º񲢲Ǹ۰ԵĴʱ
ǿѽҩóѽЦǰλǲĽõϾ¼ӽȥģϤ󷨣ʣ˵ҲĬԣô³˴Тˡ
㣬㣬ýҩҪǻѷʦǼȥףҼ˰ǰĸˡûЦת
Ľ۾̧ͷûнҩ
˭У
СԱߵķТһָ
ǵڸʲôЦ׾ˣΪץסɻҪֵܳҪֵܳҪץסɻȻҳҩֵܽⶾСҪбץסɻֻҪֵܸʲôΨһóһֻǡТ׶༪ˡ
Ľ˵ֻҩĸ˴ߡ˭֪ȴ͵͵ǺѧԺ°ˡ
˵ãһ˵ڸˣĸŮ˵ûӣʲôˣ˾ͽѽϺպĵһ˾ͽѽĸȻȥҩĸ֪֪гѽںˣĸûΣֻԵùȫʧֻѧԺѧ°ߡѧԺȫˣĸҲڽϻˣɴ˳ɽˡ
Խ˵ԽĽԽԽޣ޵һ˷ڵĻ
ӣЦΪһƿĽȴû뵽ȴסĽı˳ӰᡣĽûﲻϳԱߵĽޱĽݷһĽ
Цܲƻǰ龰ȻóӣŴֲ·ķںͳϸ˵Ľһ㶼䡪ǣѡʱҲʵ̫Ӧ˰ɡѵǾ治Тһˣ
Ц׼ȥһԧĶˣȴһ󾪺תͷһĽõɫڵĵ˵ϡ󷨴ңȻĽޱĽݷϳȥҲˣۿ˾ͽҪȥˡ
Тһĺº;ţЦҧҧѽӵϼ˰ѽҲȥ
ȵЦȥ˾ͽѾﴳˡṦߣ㿸ŸҲȫûӰ죬תۿѾ׷ˡЦһȫעý֣þеѽ˾ͽȥһ֣Ц͸оȫģǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
˾ͽͻȻƿյǶʵ̫죬ͷ͸еԼûп˵Ҽ类ʲô̴ˡǶĿ죬Ҳܾ޴󣬱Ƶǰȥİ˶˵ϡͷβ˾ͽᶼ׵׷ʲô¡
׷ʲô£Χ˶ǿЦѽȥǽԿò˼ٶ׷˾ͽᣬ˾ͽҼ롣̴˾ͽҼԺ󣬽ϵδ˾ͽһֱ˵ϡ
֪ΪʲôЦһ̿ʼÿ˵ﶼ֪˾ͽǾԾԶ㲻ġ

 27 

óѽ
ЦԺĵһͷ
ȫһûУǵֻǿǿ۾
ءǣǣءǺҵСˡңҪҵСҡءһ߿һߺһһСӡТ˭
ûһشǺ֣Ǽª֣ЦÿҲ֪籦Ҳ
شТ޵øˣûˣôûˡءءСӣҪǲСӻңҾѧԺˡءȡȿȡ޵̫ˡ
ԴТĿеۣЦԼָҲҪְԼĶϰɡУ˼Ӧò˵ûˣǺТ˵ûɡ
ʲôޣ˻ûأʲôÿ޵ģԴ۵ĲֹЦһҲܲˡ
ڲ˵ãһ˵Тעͷˡ
ء㣬ԣءĸѧԺءءұץҲңءңءҵСôΪ˾ҶءڻҲҿޣǻҲҿޣЦǲò޵ÿ촭ˣ˵ƻһ㶼ˡ
Тû׼Źĸء˵ĸΪʲôңĸǲǹģǲС̫ˣܿͻᳬǣǹȦףСӺءһһ
㵽ں˵ʲô˭Ҫڲſ˸ͷֱТˡ
㣬ĸҪҵСӡءСúòң츳˵㣬ʴӱ˵㣬ûʲô£û뵽ȴĸ˺ˡء
ûѾ˵ˣæΪֵܱ⣬ϧֻ˵ĸ־ֱˡ
ԣСһˡһǾѧԺѧϰ书Ƿܰĸ򵹣ĸΪ˱סԼĽλ¶ТŭŷֵܣָǵġС
ţúеЦڴ룬ǰڲҲ˵Ĵ˵ƵĹءܹĳɡ̫ǮҪһһ꣬ĸΪ˱סԼӣ¶һ㡣
ͷ鴤ǿѹסѪĳ嶯ɤӣ׼úúλɽׯĶӽȥ
Ȼñ֪ĸС˼ƣĽݼĽ˾ͽĶҩ¹ʧֵܺûӡǣûܱȱɱ֡Ҫúðɡ
ϧТڵĻᣬһָӭ
ԡĸաТַʲôû뵽ĸȻıСˡзСǸ꣬ԣǸǧ궼ѧģǵʱɱġΪ˲¶ɱСӣǾһƣȰѱСƭǵѧԺ书ʵ뺦߻ħû뵽С̫ˣû߻ħ˾书ĸҹζ࣬һƣͨһ˾ͽᣬɱСӣͲ˻ɵͷˡ
ТϲЦýζǱ˵黹ءȻˣТܲҪ˵ǡСӡ͸ˡ
ֵѾ׵׵رТˣͲԴǵķԷѾȵŴһֶ˵ˡ˵ͣ˵ֱӵҲѾͲˣͷϵñˡϴ壬ÿТ˵һ֣ͷͶʹһ֣ѾʹÿҪѿˡԱ϶ʵ޿ˣǰȥһѾסТӡ
ϧʲôûü˵֮ǰТֿˡ
ʲôѵТ¶µı飺ɱڣ
û뵽ТͻȻ˵ôһ仰ķڴ
ɱھɱˣҸǣҵҸһΪұġʱҵҸһǵĿҷֶĸ޳ܰ࡭ТһĶĸ޳ܰ࡯ǳ⡣
Цοڴϡ֮⣬ҲТ˵ܰѪľ⣬Ҳˣԭҥġ
УʵǺϣһТʵûǿĿǰǲˣТ⣬ֻʣ±ТÿѪԴҲѾòõķֵˡ籦֪ʲôʱѾˡ

 28 

ʱűˣĽݼĽýТǰһſڷֵǰ棬ڳĸСļơ
ǰС˳ƯòƵĽúܲˬ
Ѿ͵˺þˣТϸֵ֯ЩĪеǱֵӲϳѾܲˣΪĸдȣŹԹТԽ˵Խ񻰣ĸ޿̣׼Լˡ
ߣñƯˣھȻ۸ǵ,Ҫ֪ĸ!
ĽޱȳϹ˵ʲôʲô޳ܰ࡯ʲôСˡҿſڴƻƣ˵˵Ϊĸں𣿡
ԣǳԣСֵ˵»ȲһҪЦĻͬ
ҲŲǲںˣֻ֪ǰҵСӺˡТŭ
ѽĽޱһ˲ʧ漴ʶԼʧ̬Լ˵òʧĿɳʵ¡ѹǸЦΪԻԭС˳ôʲôúĴôһƳܰ˵߻ȫߡ
ǲû˵СӺǡĽޱû˵Ļ˵꣬ͱТˡ
ԣûֺСӣǽ˾ͽСӡ
ԣǸֱ͡ϡ
Ǹǽϵ޳ܰࡣ
ˣû˵Ľޱ޿̵Ĵ
Ľޱһȣ˲䰲
ЦΪĽޱϧôһ䣬ֱ˵Ĵ󺰡ЦûȽϺá
ʲôô˶ѽТӦûĴ󺰻ȥ
Ҹʲô㣬ҪǿϺúҰһ仰꣬õô𣿡Ľޱ챻ˡ
ã˵ɣءסٺˣղŰҶ䶼ˡŮ˵ķϣТܴ󷽵ĸ˵Ļᡣ
㡭㡭ѵõõ˵ĻᣬϧĽޱѾТ˵ˡ
ֻһ£ֵܾûмͶʲţ˾ͽѧԺɱˡĽõǰĽޱѻ˵ꡣ
ЦﰵǴ㣬ȷʵĽޱǿˡ
ŶТĽõһŵ
ʵģĸǲȥ㣬Ϊ˾ͽĶҩʱѾʧˡĽϸϸТ͡
Т۾תҵ˵ĸǺģôʵôݰͱ˾ͽᰵˣ
ڱΪݰĸȻǺܲȡǰĽѵĸһҿԣТעֻصǵϡ
ǲȻΪǴ򱧲ƽǲŲǲݰ˾ͽôܰǡĽݷü˵
ŶȻ˾ͽᰵ㲻ǣô˾ͽĶҩТʡ
һʣĽĽúͷֵܵɫ̫ÿ
ЦúԼڻûָȻͿ԰֪ĹĽĽ˾ͽҩ׼ηֵٰϻؼҳԶТؽ
Լû˻شТǲǷҪ˵ôֲ˵ˣ
Ľõµ˵ǲãǰҩϣûʱ
Ŷô˵ĸĸгˡТĸٿֵܣô˵˾ͽҲǼΪ˱ˡ
һԼñТϵĽݷе㼱ˡТȻûĻ¡
̫Ӧˣһһ˵Ҫĸˣôʹô񶾵ѧԺˣұ˾ͽץȥˡҵСΪ˾ҡءǰСӸءһЦТɵñֿʼ
ǲǺгҲû˾ͽֻǡТ˵޾ͿޣĽĽеֽˡ
ֻʲôءֻʲôûˣҵСӶѾˣءءТɴ
ޣޣСӻûأԣޣޡ޵촭ˣĽݷƸϽı˳
ãҪТԼûʵЦ˿ܸò˰ɣͷѾ챻Ĵ񹦸ˡ
ءƭˣƭˣءѾһһҹˣСӶûТһ߿һ߱ЦȥͻȻЦ۾ſģ۾ʱһϲòѡһЦ˹ȥץס֣ˣˣСûСѹˡ
ʣµļ˿ҪЦٲǶҪТƵýоˡ

 29 

ԷɰЦ˰ûˣ֮ǰֻǰȫһ˲þˣߣŻͻȻ£ֻ˯һһҹѹûˡ°ҰĲҩˣϢܻˡ
ŶԷԷɵĻЦֻӦһѾТ¶ĲЦݸԵеκˡТƽʱѾǺƯƯˣٶ¶һЦݸˣ۾СһһĹâмܲס
ԷһЦТȲĳȥԼռͷλãȲĿʼЦСӣðŶʱҶѾΪ϶Ҫץˣû뵽ֻһͰǸ˾ͽˡۣһѽֿ׼̴˾ͽҼ磬һֱȥˡǺѽ
Тһ˵òֺЦȴöͷһ亹ȻӳԺȫûӳ󣬵ǵãʱΪ˵Тص׼˾ͽȰѽȥģô󽣾Ȼܵ˼ҼȥˡҿҼ磬Ҫ硭ТһһǺܴˣܰ˶ȥഩһһˡ
ǰ֪Цһãһ˵ÿĵТ룬ǲҪ¸ȽϺá
ЦڴͷТһιҩ
˵ʵТ̬ȣЦһʱ֮仹е޷Ӧǰү˲ˮүΪ˲ˮǰүȥҪΪǣڲүȥүԶΪǡߵʵ̫󣬴ǰεʱҲ롣
СӣҪʲôǳԹǻǳԵ÷Ȼһ㡣ιЦҩТóµУԵȥȥĿζ
ǺˡЦڻش
áТ˵ĴӦһӺóһǡЦ׼ȥӣȴТֱӰǵݵߡȻ˼ѾôгİǶ͵ˣЦҲǺ˿ЦǳȥТȻһЦһΰԵߵǿǲֱϲĿˮ
˵ԺǲҪɻµĺáЦﺬŹǺĶТ˵㿴ΣŲ׼ȥɢҥԺ˵עأһֶûɢȥͱɻץˡأýڲϣǱΪ˾˯һһҹ
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ԣЦͷʾͬе˵֪ѧԺﶼڴʲô
أֻҪûϵͺˡТûʲôȤͦõģҪҪҷ㵽ȥߡ
ҪҪҪһڴϾû¹֮ǰԵһһҹѾû뿪ˡٲȥߣҪڴϷùˡÿԽȥ̽һҶڴʲôĸùǼТ֮ǣҲ˳͵͵ֻһ£ƽһԼ顣
õԸЦȲТ˷š
֪ѧԺһԾǹТġڣڶ̶̰ھһٻѧԺܣ¾ɾɣʽǧٹֵԣٵѧԺ԰İס
ʵӦûһ򳬼ʶֺ䶯Կ֮ġֻϧרŸԷɼҩСͯɨصüɫĽŴ͵ĹڷֵΪ˱סԼĽλݺѧЦݺ֮δͨһ˾ͽҪ˾ͽֳ֮ȥЦɹ̵ʱñ·ķڴš
ڷڳһűȹ׻ڵȭͷһȭǰʯ÷顣һ䡮ڴղ˵飬ͺȥɡһɱڵ׶񣬰ŵ˫ȴӵһ¾״֮ǰ;ϣѧԺһ·֣Ͻ԰λõԣȻôϧģ漣ʧˡ

 30 

ТЦСɢţТͻȻе֣ղСû˵ģôͻȻ˾ͶˣһȺľԶ
Тһ˾֣ЦҲоֹա֮ǰ;úкöڿǣʼΪǶǱТòġǸղţŮѧṦɱСֵһͷȻװµӣٴһͷ߹ڲһ˲䣬ŮѧһƴƣͺĲͻȻԴ
ЦТһۣһ϶⣬⡣
ЦΧЩ˹ŹŹֵֹ񿴵ȫڣתͷТûһ㲻ڡЦСι˶ſ㲻úܲ𣿡
ТĿһۣʲôҵﶼ˶ſģϰˡ
֮˵ټˣЦᡣ
СԽԽ࣬Ůࡣ
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ԣһˡТԼƶϾȷ
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ÿమȴأֻѧԺݵۡ˵󵽵ܲһ𣿡ĳŮץ־Ϊ˵δĲѡ
ҿѽһħ̽˾ͽԼӵץߣȵòֿ˶˵δֹܲۡ
ҺǰԼ˾ȳˣȻ˿ҪƵ÷ֿˡΪҲѡ
ΪʲôΪʲôֻమѣѵҲд𣿡ĳŮ󺰣첻
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һȺŮˣССģΪ˵İѡ
ϦԵĳ¡

 31 

ЦһǷһТˣǸ˾ͽôˣ
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㲻֪𣿡
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˾ͽųƽһ֪˶ٻˣͱٸŰͨˣֻҪץסĸһӣĸǧӡ
ʲôһһӣЦĿӡžһϡһץТĳšԼҧгݵùݣùݣҴܵģȻҪ͵͵ȥ̫ˣ̫ˡ
Цһ·ТĸסԺӳȥԺſڣЦһߣӣƵһŰԺ߿
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ҵҸ硣ТתͷΪҵҸһô˼ýŵɵվԭزô׾ͱΧס
һ˱бҺ㻹Ǻһ
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ЦסĪĸжһ֪Тģ֪ТȻܹӣú·һ㡣
Т޷԰ΣТһ仰ȴְѡ
Ϊڻʹԣλ취ɡ
ЦĸжһصƬ

 32 

ָТǲеˡ
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ˣΪ˰˾ͽȳڴϻ˯һһҹһڴҲˣڶûȫԭУϴҳ˾ͽȥʲôǽҮһλΣһ֪ò˵ĽҮڡЦԼ÷־ŵĶ㿴ҵʲôһ˫Ү
Ӳ𣿡 ЦòӣТеµʡ
ȻУЦŬסԼÿӴĳ嶯Уûϴ˫Ӹʲô
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ֲŮˣżһɫʲôϵЦˡϸȥ
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ԷɰĿҲĿ
һʱ
֮Ǹһ̾ϢλҲܵΪǼλС㿼һ°ɡôˣǵҲˣүѾŻˣҪǽ겻ȢǣͲˡ˼Ұȫˡ
˵ˡĽõסĽݷ˵ǻؼҰɡ
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Ҳһ˭ҲޡĽСĶԷ˵
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վĬܣ岻֪óһֵ̳ĬĬԵĶ
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ҹ
ЦͻȻӴĴ󺰣ģҾȻ˺˵ˣ
һŴϵТˣһ䣺ԡñסͷ˯ȥˡ

 33 

ڶ죬Ц˴ϴһֵ֮ܵԺӷɱȥѽ׻ӣô԰ôɰĶء
һ·ϣЦߵ÷ɿ죬ֱתһͻȻͣ
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ȥЦ۾һˣֻҪ˵Ļ᲻ˡϽӿ첽ӣ籦ȥ˵磬硣ȻĿбӣСżǰ
硣
籦򵥵ĻЦһ֣ȴһ٣
Цתͷɻؿŷ籦ıӰе㲻ԾѽץץͷǲԼˣ˵˸硯֡ѽɲǷѽѵرãЦȻеɻȴҲû̫࣬׼ǰߡҪתͻȻ籦ߵǸʦһΣҪˤڵϣ籦һѷס
磬λʦû°ɣҪҪҰæѽЦ˾䡣
籦ûͷˣȥɡ
֣̫ˣ˷籦ĻشЦӵɻˡ
ĲҪҪȥæ̽ԵĿ˾䡣
ˣһ˾ˣԼȥɡ籦һ߻شһ߼ӿ˲ӷʦǰȥ
ǣ˲Ƿ硣ȻһģһҲһģһ˾ԲǸ˵һ־ͺҪһķ籦ʲôˣΪʲô᳤úͷһģһЦɻ䣬ͻȻǸʦҼѪͷͻȻһһ˾ͽᣡ
Ȼͷٰķ籦ͻȻշЦֱ˹һŻȥ
һ˻ͷЦԤд²ۿٰķ籦˹æ͵һ㵽һ
Լ֮ǰվŵĵ汻һƻ÷飬ЦԼղù졣˼һУһЦϮҺЦзǱһǿһơ
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Цæ:˾ͽᣬˣסǡ
Ǽʦһæͷ׷ȥȴѾܳԶ
ЦӵҲǼʦ׷˹ȥһṦᣬû˵˾ͽˣǼʦӰˡû취ЦֻõתֵܵԺӰȱȥ
һҪѧ书ЦﰵġƽһΣ书Ҫԡ
ˣˣ˾ͽᱻ˴ӵȳˣڡһԺӣЦͿʼ󺰡һ仰û˵꣬͸оǰӰһعѾˡ
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ЦԼ֣Ķ˵û¡ֿɥָָԼؿڡֻеʹѡ
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˵ֻһ˵ǺôôһǮءЦߵؿǮ˲֪ûǮ˵Ŀѽ
ˣҸһѹ˺òãТο
ģЦ۾ҲҪһ𣿡
ȻģдţеƱТǰΪӶ۷ŹЦݵЦ֪ΪʲôͻȻЦÿɰ
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ˣҵľءТìܵӣɡ
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˵ҸòøһӣТ
ããЦƴͷТ¶Ц
ТЦͻȻܹǷԼӣڸһӣһԺԼһ뵽ТͻȻ÷ǳǳˡ
СӣһʲôɫЦ
ȻǴЦЦĻش
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Ȼؼҵʱøǿ¥׬ǮЦһ˫۾ˡ
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пҪһӵСˣТа룬һҲ̲ס

 34 

ķ籦ҵˣϰһƣ˾綾ԲѵıԼĴ¡
Ǹ˾ͽٰʦҲԼĴ±ҵˣȷ籦Ҫõ㣬ʱȥصεʦһֻ˶
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ģĵѾǵĶˣֻҪûˡָָʦָָ籦Ҫ鷳㡣һ˵òᣬŵ²ܰȫá
มЦӦһе
ЦζˡͻȻһļ磬֮󣬲ú׼Ц˳Զҿ緢ˣҪȻĸ֪ùòŻᱻ˷֡Ҫʱ䵢̫ˣĶȲˡںǺһЦЦѽЦ㲻ǸѧţҲʵǲ
ҲֻɶѡЦǫһ£ʵˣʦ㣬絽мĸĶӣ
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ʹЦԴ˵ĿʵбҪôصСȻôзôӣѲǼģֻôһ˵û뵽ȴ˵ͷ
ʮǰĸΥʦȥħΪĽݽѰҽҩ뿪ʱħ̸ɽȫ˻ԲѵıͰһˡǰԺʲôǵˡǵԼĸĸˣǵΪʲôˣԼʲôֶ֪Ҳֻһֵ塣Ǳʦ˭֪ʦȴҲԸǡ˵̾һĸһֱߣչҲĸ
Ƿ˭ȡģЦ֪˭ôûˮ׼
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šͷ
ǣĲȢ𣿡Ц̲סʡ
ûϴ𻰣ЦͷЦ£㲻Ҫܺ𣿡
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ʲôûǸʦͬͲȢ𣿡ЦĴϷĻϼǺãȥȥҵҪƾʲôȢĽݽáЦ˵𾢣ͻȻԺ˷ܵĴ󺰣Ҫȥȥȥһȥ
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ȥʲôãܰæҿһû˹ȥѾץҪȥȡЦؾ
Ҳûô㣬һ㽭鶼ûУûߣСĵʱԼôĶ֪
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ҲŻڡϴβ֪ĸǱһȺŽΧסʱ򣬾Ȼһ˫ӵ

еͷ۵ĿһҪһøһһ䣬òֺӦûûӦЦȥʦɣ治֪ʲôóġ
һתͷϵķ籦ѾˡԷڳ֣磬л˵
ԣߵߡ
ԡ籦˵һ֡
˵Цȥ˵ʦ𣿡˷籦ôĵ岻ò¾֪˵ʲôˡ
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仰籦ģ˯˹ȥ
ڻУһΡ
ĸȢĸȻ˺ܶܵá֮ĸµֻ۸Щĵܵãڲ۸ˡ

 35 

Тһæͣ
ڸʲôЦڴϣԱ߿˰죬̲סʡ
ʰѽТһ߻شһֵ߲ͣһòײŲͬȥõĲˡ
ߣ᲻̫˵㣿֮ǰһղˡЦе㲻ס
ô磬ȰѶ漸ͿԿʲô©µģٰѶȥ
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ܶ𣿡Тһ޹ؿҲһء
ĻЦܲˣӴߣӣТ˵һȥˡ˵꣬ТشͿʼְТŤŤļ´򿪡
ô·ʲôʦѾ˵ˣǵʦֻܹʮ·̶ѣ׻ϴ·͹ˡһ˵һߴ·ó
Уÿ춼Ҫϴ軻·ֻôТɡ
㹻ˡҿÿϴ·죬ȣϴȥڶϾ͸ˡЦһ߻شһַһ
ǺðɡЦӦϴ·ķϣТǿӦˡ
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ԼͷͱӱȽȽТе㲻ؿ飺˵ջЩкö˯ɾУУҴ˵ķݣȻ˫ˡ
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ϸѵ˼죬ڱЦȵŵһˡТҪ˷ܣʹ
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Ц˵תͷ˵ƹãȻֻǰҮ
λҪʲô𣿡ƹʣѾˣܲỹʲôҪɡ
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ƹεĿˣָ˭ܷ㲻һʧˣһҲûвͬЦ˼
ڴվһ·һˣƹĻǿȥϢɡ
áƹӦתԸСȥλĿļϷ
ڳֹÿļ䷿һ͹ˡ
һ䣿ƹ񼸺ԼĶ䡣λҪסһ䣿
ڵͷ˵ʲôһСС磬ϽǴ·ɡ
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ТһСֱЦˣһ԰ɡѺָЦƹȥ
ǣ㲻ˣЦʡ
šТе㲻Ըش
ЦøСֱТôջģ
ҽ˿ջʼû˶ҿТش
ЦðһˮȽĻûǺ
Цòװ˳
⻹𣿡ТҪһҲˣջƹСˣܹʮ߸ˣһң㲻𣿡
⵹ǡЦͷТòˣֻһ۾ͺáż⣬Ҳ޿ʮ˶ˡתͷȥʷڣС壬Щʲôˣǲǵĳѽ
̯̯֣֪ʲôˡǵĳˣҿǵˣһǳҺʹġ
ǿЦ뵽ľǻĶʮƱֵڣ˿Ҳ̫û۹ˣʲôġ
˭˵ûУ˵ϴֵһƱء
һЦٴβ㱻ֱҭТϽˮ
ϴôƱֱ¶ǣЦʵ
Ǵȥʦġشʦڸؿ˲ãרһ޸ĸĹ¶˷ıˡ
มЦͷСʦǸء

 40 

˵ҲǵģʲôۣɴѲͺˡʲôԣôҩѽ֮ǰߵһ̨ܵԹ
ûӣҪǸѣǲ𣿡ƹ˫ֱأһΡ˵ֵСһëΣȴҲû뵽ȻС
ҲҪܵô͵ˡ²ˣϴ󶼻ûأǼ𣿡һ˴һĵǡ
ѾˣϴڣҲֻˡƹһ裬ŽһСװɫĩҡȣߵСʮţȥǡ
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˷ǰʮۼ¡źܿˣڳǰ
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ТӣһڡЦ״ҲֻǰıӣһСڡ
ʮż˶˲裬תЦ¥ȥ
ţТϰһڲˮµϡ
ʲôԭûȥЦָ˵
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ȥˡشȻ΢һ˹³һڲˮ˹Ƴûˡ
ô죿Ц
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ЦҲҴкҰɺҩȽˡô죿
˭֪ôТǷˡ
ȵĲ࣬ԼԿ˹ҩԱƳɡ顣
ôƣЦͰ͵Ŀһӿ۾Ѿеˡ
ˣû취ҰƳɡذϣְסϵѨһЦʼԽԽ࣬˶ʪ͸ˡ־Ҳ˯ˡ
ջ֣ˮˣûˣȵˮ
ЦŷԼʵҪӹˮڴƴĺȡ
ͻȻָŵ촽ϣʾҰȻԼſϣװ˯ˡᣬҲſװ˯
űƿһ죬ʮŴŷ￴һۣ˶˯ˣ˻֡ƹˣЦˣֵдôڻǵˡһ˵һ߶ӻ֣˵ÿʱ򶼻ѴʵȥǵʦãǸҺúǵƱԺϾ
ˣ߽䣬̽ȥǶûأ͸еȫһ飬áһ岻֪ʲôʱվǰ
վſڵļ˿վŵû겻壬һ¥ܡ
ݵܵһ˾͵¥ݿڡ
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޿̣һŰ߿ȥٴıڵĴȡѽηŹңһ¸аˡͬҵĸһ㣬һΪף꣬Ӷ
ʮҲסڵһȣͿ֪˲磬󽻷࣬;ۣͬȴȻһ֮ĵķϣһ˵Ļɡʵһڴ֮ʿˮ֮УһĶ³ģΪҲһţԱĴ¡
ߣߣȴôҲ߲ţƤǣε̾ȵĿ塣
屾վԱ߿Ϸһڿ̧ͷר־عо컨ϵ·ֻװû
֪βźãͻȻЦ
ͳͳˡЦʮĴ󺰣ҪǷŹǲѣֻҪ
û˵꣬ͿǰӰһع˫Ѿ˽ס
ҹȻûпѽƹ⣺ǰһҾͷϳ֮Ļδϣѽ
ءҺøжʮż棺ʮŴûʲôˣԴӼһҾͳ׵۷ˣΪʮŵż񡣵û뵽Ǳãˣ书ǿһ֮⣬һģһ˿ݵػңءʮѾҪ׷ˡ
ſҡЦѾ˵ˣҪǷŹǲѣֻҪ
֪֪ƹĻһ˵͸а»¸ȥ
аȻҪģǲġǡЦĻһαʮŴϡ
ǵȻΪ³ƷҹҹĤݡ
ƹһ߲˵ǻѶĽ̵ʱģΪ֣·ֲµĹ
Цֱ֣ס˵졣ұ죬Ұѻ˵ꡣȻ̧ͷ˴ҪǣǾϰԼϵǮֵǮĶͳͳҽ
һĬ
ڳ˶סЦסȵ˸ǽӲʯ

 41 

ʮòʣղ˵ʲôĶ䣬һˡ
ģȻͶˡЦϧĿʮţٴδǮֵǮĶͳͳ
ȻȻģʮŽܲסôĴһͷԵڵذϡôû˸߹ǿȻҪðôķգء֪תлü
ںͷ嵹һϲɫ˫һЦǲ
ҲŸϣһ治֪ȺôءھӺˡ
ֻТεķסͷ˵λѧԺˣЦҲˡǸŴʲô֣´ȥѧԺѧԺ˴ټСëǾͲ´ȥЦ˵ĴӰѧԺ
ڲΪȻİڰ̫֡ˣΪΪǿȴ˴ٺǲŲҴȥ־һݺݵʣᴫȥ𣿡
ᣬᡣ˱ŵ˫ȷͷҡüԴϵ
ңΪ˵˻𣿡Ҳһ˵
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Тӣ׺ݵĵʮšǲʵʵİǮˡ
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ТɭһЦӻСƿһ֧ëʡѱƿմЩҩ۳ȻʮŵĽŵĻ˸Ȧ
ŮΪʲôҪҵĽŵ׻Ȧʮ̵İţѵǿӢڵԴʾ𣿰̫ӢѽŮҪôС÷ء
أʮͻȻԼĽľȥץĽŵıĵطȥץֻøܡӣʮʲô붼ˣϽТģŮ֪ˣͰǮҰɡ
Цһҡͷǲ֪ТСŮТŹ֡һߵķڳԹТ۵Ŀͷһȥˡ
ЦûָʮŶ༸˵ҪǲϰǮ»ᵹùġ㲻ñҪҡ
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ıǲףǿҪСķҡҡͷ̾ҿǿǺûǰ;ѽңҪǸаɡ
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 42 

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ǵˡͣһջǰ˵ҽȥɡ
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ТӴܵӣḧͷ磬۸Сӣǿɲ̫Ӵƥȡ֡
磬ЦƲƲ죬ħֲźƥǾءͲףƥТǰֹôһǰ۸ǰڳһмһ˵ӡ׻˵ƱۣôҲҪ۸أѵ̫ˣ
ЦڷʡԼǷ̫ʱ򣬿ջһ磬ʮӢӡ
ͷֵһͣĶ
Ǹ΢Цסˣʲôѽת˽ȥ
һĺòˣΧţȴֻһƴԴȡ
ιТźۼý͵͵Цԣû˺
ĺܺóԡЦ˶ﻹץһȣ˵
㡭ûϢТһȡ
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Тԣգգۣչȥ˵㻹治ҿͶСδŵϱɡ
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ЦĿһͷѩͷһѳѩ׺ӣɷǵˡŴ죬һʱ޷ʵ

 43 

Ц˵ʦѧգСεɫʱһ䣬ʳָЦһ㡣ЦǰһڣһۿҪڵϣȴСηסȻһѰϼ磬һɽϱȥ
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ģСκ׷ʡ
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áЦɵɵ
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˯֮ǰТֻһ¡һҪСӾȳӡ

 44 

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˵ˣ˵ˣȥȥŻ𡣡Ц죬׵׵ˡ

 45 

ǳõգ޻״İƮڿСܺãǲ̫ҡ͵ķᴵ֦մһ˿⡣
ǳõķ羰̵Ĳݵأ׺˸ɫСݵرһС峺羵иɫζĺɻޡ
һǳɺǳõͣڷ羰ʫ续СߡŴ򿪣ɫǳǳõˡ
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Цۣսȭʹסǰ廨ڽϰϿŴʯͷ˴ʯͷĳ嶯
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Т޺޿Զȥ
Цǰοļ򣺡̫ѹˣûᵽԺܻлġ

 46 

ЦТ˲ţ˶ûɡ
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ñӵڿͣһ£˻ȥ.
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һ̨м̨ȥ⼸ң㣬ѱ˶̨ȥͬʱվ̨ϡ
νЦЦ۾гһ졣һϺˣҪӮˣһͨˡ
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ʮֻеһµĺ󱳴Ц˺ˡ

 47 

ЦӴȥиùļһ̨ȥЦһŲԴϣ˵ľУĽųˤڵϣ˹ȥǳʦδ
Цһ֮ȵ̨ϣúȲʡ
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 48 

Т¥ϣЦƽµı̨ȥһ漴һҴ¥ȥ
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 49 

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 50 

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Тƿ죬һ¡ûˣǽȥɡ
Ц˽ȥТǸһýôóԵĶǧ˷ˡ
㲻˵ҲġТӣŽԺӣְַŹϡ
ԺӵϵŲˡТýߣֶȥ˿ЩǱѨˣЩҩˡ
ˣǽȥЦ洫ְһӣǰȥ
ǰȥԶԶڰжơ
Ц˿Т͵͵㵽ɽ档
ô죿Т
ȿ˵Цһ˵һߴТùУץСԼТҲץ
ǺóѽЦۣһҸ
ѽТҲһ
һ߳һ߻ԿֹУҸѽЦһ
Ǳ˴֣˳Եøˡ
㿴˭ӮһСЦʡ
ҿǸĻӮТ˼Ļش
ô϶ǸϲȻһ㣬ǹҲء
ǸϲжءТָָǰˣҿǳŲ˶ˣʤܿͻˡ
ӡ֤ТĻһ㣬Ǹϲλ˻ΣͻȻһںɫѪ˵ϡ
˵Ц⣬վˣŵĳ֮һôҵ°ܽ
ڵϵ޺޵Ŀڣͽܵӣôʧ˽ģĶĵֶΣӮ𡣡
ЦЦĵֶҲãֶҲãֻҪӮҵı¡͹Թ԰ϵѻ뽻ɡ
ѻ롯֣ЦТһ
Ȼ붼ѻ롣޺޿ˡ
Ǻãھɱ㡣ҪĲڲϵѻ롣ЦʵɱҲûϵģָûˣʲô𡣡һЦţһ߹ȥӣڡ
ʱͻȻиӰֱ˹ֻһ㿪
һлɳˣУò˼
еЦȥ
ТûӼɽڵϵȥѾⲱϹŵˣТĵİȥۿҪõˣȴЦһҽС
ТһϻͷȥЦסұָۣѪҲģТϷҪֵѻ룬Ǳ߳ȥ
˿׼ТȽϲܿЦֱһƻ
ТһﺰţҵĶϳɢһŨҵζ
ϳɢ֣һݣ˲ùТϱȥ
ТûЦһֱ˵Աߡ
Т˺Լ·Ц
ʲôʱˡϳɢͺܿµĶҩˣЦ
ûУҸͺĶҩ㻣ģ˯۶ѡТ˵
ʲôЦԲ۾ҲСС˵군ˣҿɴ򲻹
ô죿ҲöӣƭõġТ
֪ЦͻȻһһƿТ
Ҳöĸ֣ܿԼТĵҵ̫ʱ䣬ֻϽɱˣôѻ롣һбһж񶾣㾡ȫҪ̵ʱɱЦ
ТЦӦĺܳӣųֵȥæ
ԱߵŵͻȻ
ТϽǰļͷбԼϡ
Ҳϵ
ТиСɾµĳԲκӣТİôһС붴һиССɫ͹
ͷ͹ĵطˡ⽻
ǰЦѾ·磬֧׾һƹЦֻþ͵һ㿪һƣȴۿ㲻ڶơ
ǰ龰Тԥ׼һǸɫ͹
һϸɫСһƬϢķɳȥٶȼ죬˲䵽ǰ˷Ѿ޿ɱܡƬմ壬ȫʧڡ˵ɴۣһĲţ漴ص˵ϡ
ЦСȥ˿ͷТ˵ˡ
Цĺӣ⣺ѻ룿
ǣŵѻ롣ش
ЦТɫТᣬ׼Ӵⲱ
Т֣ͻȻҵĽŲЦۼ⣬ԶԶһȺ˳ֺҲУͷһߡε̾һѾˣ϶û취ТˡûˣղŵʵҲ֪Լûӹŵѻµİ
ˣЦТ˰֣аޣʧһˡ
Тյİʾεջӵ֡еĴ˵ϲôˣ˹ˣǧҪסѽϣ֮ԱЦѡ

 51 

ļ˿ǰΣϽ
ͷַ⣬˴ɫʱһݡħ̵Ķȥҽݰй
˴Ӧܿˡ
ʱǿ۾ЦܳĶŷסλ˵
ŵң˿ЦТˣһñɴţòһȫİס
ЦТ񿴵е˵ֽŵĻץסԷ֣ŵҳ
ϸң˵λǸ˵׵ģǸͬ顣
ңüúõģ
˵Ϊ˹ֲ¼⣬Բñɴס˵ТԼϹɡ
ʱм˴ҩˣңϿʼָӣȥϵƣǼȥӡ
ˣˡТϽֹǼ˿ЦҪǸСˣСŮ˵ʵû취ˡҪŵ֪׵ȻиŮˣ֪ᱻô
ҵ˵ĲأһᴦģǻȥλϲɡТЦʹطȥ
ǰһܳϿҵĿڣôУλΪǵĶϲܵˣôˡολСֵܺпܻΪķܺܿҾһˣλͱˡ
ˡЦТϣТסֻһС˶ѣͷˣҵλҲҽģչҾˡ
ǰˣܾôվһ𣬸һֺǵĸо㶣ſڣȻǾλˣҪҪʲôҩλܿڡ漴Ըߵطȥ
лˡТлЦ뿪ˡ
˵ıӰҡҡͷԼӦȥһȽϺá
ТЦص˷䣬ɵϣ˺Ϊҩ
Цһ߿ΪԼһ߰У·µģô˺ˡ
ҿɲ˺ģΪ˸˲˺ġТһСҩһߵһۡʵʵɺãҪҸҩ
һ֮ЦԹԱ죬Тˡ
ТϣˮԼϴɾ߸Ц˵Сѽл˵
ЦҲ˵ʵҲл˵
˵ɡТ׼˵ķϣһΡ
Ҿ˵ˡЦһңҲˣѶ̫󣬷̫󣬶Ҿ£滹ţһ͵ѻѶȻҪ󣬷Ҳһű󣬺ܿһСľͻᱻСθСֵΪԼĽ᲻ȢĽĽԼĴôΪǵĴҿǻǻȥֱӰСֵܰ˽ĽĽˡ
Тһ
ЦŵԴȴТĲԶţ̰
Сӣû뵽ȻˡТ۾ЦˣһǸһˣԴˣȻ뵽һȥˡˣϽʰһ£ҹ߰ɡ
㲻Զš̰Цȵ̧ۿȴһ˲䱻ЦݸԵͷĿѣ
ΪʲôҪҵ뷨һء˵ˣһֱùˣ䶼䲻ҪٲߣùԹŵŮˡҿɲ鷢ǻ˵Тÿˮһ
มЦʶԼʧ̬ϽˮӹТ
ТİյǰͻȻĵһЦЦ㱻ԼĿˮǺ
ТķӦ⣬ĵʰȥˡ
ҹʱӰĳΧǽϡӰһ£ɿķǽ⣬һСŲӰ
СӣȻе͵ܣҾĲǡžĺҹͻȻһɭɭɱڵ
ӣǻСӣΪȥѵһǾͺˡֺĵ
ЦТƾŰϡļ䣬Ѱų·
ţЦͻȻйɺӿһͷʲôҲûС
߼ӿЦһͷʲôҲûС
תͷȥТûоúʲôǺ棿
ТµĿһ˵ȷʵء
һɺӿһͬʱһͷȻʲôҲûС
Сӣ˵᲻ǸТսľʡ
ʲôǸЦһʣһҲТϿȥ
ǣǡТһڿˮǹ
ɡÿ£ЦŬճТϡ
𣬱£ңһᱣġТʵЦ£ȴְѱߵЦڻ
٣٣١ɹ֮ʣͻȻСߵĲݴ﷢ֵġëȻЦ
˾Žһš
ɭֲЦͻȻֹͣˣһƬž
ãÿ¡ЦǲģǣǿӰɡ
ã⡣Тһķ
ɫҰ׵˽һùƶš
ǣǣǡ˶ͻȻִĪЦ˱ۣ亹żӿ˲ӡ
ЦֻеһɺӿϣѾŵòһͷˣ¿ʲôµĶ۾˼ͻȻִɭɭЦţʲôĶߣһڱϢ
ЦԱߵТҲŵùǺ
ŻͷЦҲˣҲˣץסТקžܡ
ûܼͻȻǰһƬԼɼһŮӵӰŮһ£һͷǡ
ڿŮӵһɲǣЦԺĵһͷǡͷܣϧûüתǸŮӾתͷˡ
¹£һŰɭɭ
ѽЦТŵúëըˣͬľͬʱͷܡ
һ·ȿ񱼣䵽Ӷ̾ķԺǽӣؽţһ嵽ϣţһűӰ˴ͷŸǵʵʵ
ڵıһŶԷٵǳֵģͻȻʮֵCں̵ܶʱ˯ȥ
ϣТۣһۿͷŵЦ˲ûľ֮ҹꡯһ̲סЦ˳
˯еЦȦ˻ˣǼҲͿˣ°ϱ˺ӣͷϱдˡС֣ôôЦ
ЦЦˣʲôôЦ
ЦĿͻȻסһľޣˮڣ漴һĲŮģΪʲôҪƭеģ̫ˡǰТ˸ɰƤķ٣ϻ˵ױ촽ն˷ɫ֬ӢüëҲ޵ϸϸ䣬;һ˿Ůġϣ¶ɫĶǶѩ׵ļϹŷɫӣ˿ָҲȾ˷ۺɫĵޢһ˫ָǳĵľӨ
Т˳ͷԼϿȥһ֮ǴʧɫӴ嵽ӱߣסաôôТԼеʧɫ
ƭҡЦָ
ûƭ㣬еġТ͡
ߡЦŤͷ
Цڵı飬ʵТЦ
ŬסЦТѾӾٵǰ
ЦһдӣԼЦĴ˭ɵģ˭ɵģ
ТЦָָԼ϶ͰҰŮ˵ͬһˡ
Цͷ治Ůˣ
ǣЦնĻش
ģǰеТЦﻹôһĻɡ
ȻġЦĻТһѳ¶ǶչʾԼǿ׳š
Цͻľٶߺͷ𿪲
ЦТͻȻʶԼľٶʵе㲻ҲߺϽ
һתͷϵĲѹһżֽ
Т߹ȥӲ°Ѽֽȡһ֮£ɫʱûҰס߻شߣѼֽøЦ
ЦӹԽɫԽס
ֽôдţеܣôʰǡǸǸССĽѵԺ󵨸ٲĻߣߣߡ
һΡ֡
ЦТ˰ԹĶţˡ
ԭĲǹǱȹµСѽ

 52 

Сμţ˶֪ˣ̾ϴ
˼֪ˣЦϵĹТϵױȻϴ˲ĵİֲϴϴϧһöûС
ҽôȥѽءЦžӣžԼıЦ治ƽΪʲôͻôȴһӡЦһԹ޷޲ƽĿТ
ТŤţһһڻһЦЦŶڵϡ
ءѾôˣȻЦҡЦۿˡ
ТԼϺݺһѣǿֹסЦӵǸСѽתϽתȻû취û취úýŽţТЦ̱ȥˡ
ЦߵŤͷñס㲻Ҫ֪ЦҲҪΪһ¡ҽ컹Ҫ˱䡣ҵУҪǶôһȥͱ˶ֵʱ¹վܰ˻Цô䣿
е鷳Т룬Ҳû취Ұһºˡ
ôڣˡЦƵĿڡ
㲻õˣҵĺˡТĿڱ֤
ľȲҪãЦТ󣬺ܲʵ
ǵȻˣڿЦˡТŤͷܿ϶Ļش
ȷôúÿ˶ڳҿһһӡ
һܱһЦ̱ڵҪðɡЦĲТǲ󷽷վˣұزصġ
ǲҪˡЦæܾġ⡱룬ڵТҪȻɴñҴ
СТ϶Ȼܾ
ΪʲôѽñӻҸءЦ
ˣˣҵҲСθˡҪڣҾͲҪ𣿡
㲻һôƯûϵЦȥñӡ
ҪТѹסñӣСΰҴŮһô˿
ʲôʵƽʱѾŮˣñӽҴЦ֡
ҿŮӣҲҪô˵òá֪˵Ůˣٸ˵Ҿ¶㡣УñˣҧˡТסñӣñڣñơ
ҴЦ
裬裬Ҳ衣Тӡ
׷ԶˣڼɽѾ͵õСѾ̽ͷ
ոǸ˳úѽµСѾͷԶȥӰһɻ󣬡ҳôˣǵһμˡ
˵ԭ֮кܶòصˣղǸž˰ɡһµСѾͷ̫϶˵ԼĿ

Цʱ򣬴סˣɻĿʣ㣬ô⸱ˣ
ġûЦشñɴТΪ󡣡Ҳ֪Ц˶Բԣ
ͷȴʵֱֻˣôЦӡ
Цıմ˶ġТĿȻҹ˹Ѷ˳ħõĲ֪ʲôŹֵĶԺЦͱˡ
ЦһߵͷТ졣
ТĻٿЦüаţʲôĶȻһ˵̵ôȻ񡭡۹䵽Զңˣ̵ú³Ҷһ
ûЦ̵ģӲӵͷյƤ͵һƬ
һĴԼЦТǺɫҩԼͿʱûзסһ̵ԼȻڵСԼϵĹ֮ǰŴԼʵڻǿȥ
ЦǱТֿˣˣҪЦָ»Ҫõҩ
Ͽڣ֪ҪЩҩģ׼
ТͷǾͶлˣҪõٵĹҩء
û⣬뾡ܷԸǡ
ҾͲˡ
ЦһˣиӲƽΪʲôỤ̄Լһôû֣ȴТ

ͦһǰ棬һվšʮǰվһš
һɫעĿЦüվĩλϡ
ң߹ЦʱסҲ˶ٲӣЦңҡҡͷйһ˷Ը˼䣬Т߹ȥ˵˼䡣ĻТͷߵЦ˵СӣҸȥҩҩģҺúõıȣǧǵҪ䡣
áЦûʲôĵͷ
ТοԵļ磬תˡ
ТߺЦ͵͵бǰľˣаһҪΪǿõȶԷһվԼϵزöԷӮҲӮ
һ뵽ϾЦ̲סٺһЦϧֲһת˲ҪΪСεѻ롯飬ЦֿϿµ̲ס˸漴СοھΧ²͵͵
Цʱˡɤӣڵλ˵һ½ııġָָӣ˸ֻأֻҪǰŽȥųм䴥زдεģǹˡ˶٣Ųλģﲢûİֻǻµۼøλˡ
ЦĻ뵽ǣˣװвͨˣ뵽ľǣҲûϵʱ߾ˣӲĸؾͺˡ漴ֵԼ
Ц֮ǰľŸ˴ǰŽȥӺųһɥģҲһġ۽˺֮漴ͱ˴Ժˡ
ȵֵЦʱԺһѾûбˡ
Ц׼ٲǰߵԱߣ˵ߡָȴǰŸ߽ȥţָͨԺŵķ
Цʧɫˣɫˡƣƹӣ֪ʲô˼찡ذǧǧҪǸ˼ѽ
΢ЦŻش𣺡Ϊ˾ŵĳˣر㲻òμεıֱѡ
ҪЦ󺰳ԴɻɫĿڣƹӣǵĺˣ˻ϣΪģĵѡﲻģҺͱһȥһ԰ɡ˳֤ûмμӱʸ񣬾̭ҺˡЦָǰţޱȼᶨĿ
ЦǸĿڣǵˣĪ֡ ˿һ·óЦ
Цĵͷߵűߣ׼ƿͻȻʲôתͷּһ䣺Ҫұ̭ˣֱ𣿡
ϽͷǣЦҲͿĵİƿ˽ȥ
֮Цվ´һ¡
ӿƽЦסŵӲ𲻴ŵĶҲ࣬ûʲôҲûʲôֵĶǱǼӴ˵㣬ӵһͷһš
Цţﵽߵ·һǻġ뵽Цг񣬰ͦرֱȥ

Ӹڣ˽ſһǽϣֻ۾ǽϵСףգգһ¡
磬ܣļһߵ·ߣȫõĻˡмһ߿˵
ѽ磬ϸˣû׼һضᱻұߵһ˻
ǿɲһߵüڣſǸǾƵģͲܿǰŸÿһǸصģҲӲġ
˽ŵĿЦһһ
һ֮ͬʱһ˰һ˳ȥ

Ц߼󲽣ٸвѾűˣôһأû
Цһ׼ͷתһȦȱĴԺٳš
ЦĲһˣűͻȻ˰ƿյ
Ц̧һ
Цһϲȥ׼¸ӡ˵
ǺܲҵģЦϳ嵽ǰʱ򣬰ͻȻ˷
ҵǣЦΪ̫˷ܣֱͣײŰŶˤĻ̳
ҵǣЦ׼ٻصʱͻȻ˲֪˳ץסһһˡһһͽ̡ƾЦߣҲ֡Цϵ֮ǰ˻ӵĴʱ߸˵ͨȻ˿Ժȥˡ

 53 

Цװ˵ľһɥĻص
ڷһҩ﷭ȥТӣͬʣСӣֹˣ
Цͷ̾һ,Т¡
ТοССӣȱЩˣѾýҩˣҰϵĶϴɡ
ŶЦӦһТתȥ
Тˮ裬һĩȥֽ֮ԼմˮЦ
ЦϵɫɫСεĹһһ㱻¶Ŀ
ТһһţĸֱţЦı￴һӣҡ
볥һڣ
Т⣬ضЦ˵Сӣ۾ҪҪƤˡ
ĻЦԹԱ۾
ТƤ£ѾЦƤϵɫøɸɾȴ˵ţûȫɾҪٲһ²УСӣԹԱ۾ˡ
Цԣ۾յ
ТһȻźһһЦչȥ
һ磬硭֮ľԽԽТԽԽţԽԽ졣
ֻˣТ׼Ц촽λãۣԼ촽˹ȥ
ҪĹͷȴͻȻɷ羰˵ķš
һʱ򣬿šˮ֮һЦģһЦȥš
Ȼû׵ıյТֻܰԹҧйߡ
ǿϧѽȻû׵ݶϴһϧѵ
ЦТ˶ûݶſˣ͸ݶķ϶͵ˡ
һһŮŮĿѾʮˣȴǱǹɫ㣬֮ʮ˾Ůû˿ѷɫŮԶԶ޷ķ顣еҲͣ磬òΪӢŮһһӣСκлȻ˭
лȻһ¿һ˵ѽТͦģֻ֪ƭЦ۾Ӧѧѧҵҩ㵱ͷһ㲻һԹ׵ˡ
Сԣɫһ䣬漴Ѹٳ֣Ҳÿ׼ȷץסлȻĶ䣬һšһתŶݺݿڣôҪ£㻹ᡣ
ӣ㣬֪ˣ㣬㣬ʹءлȻεЦϱ͵͵档
ţЦһŷݵŮ
ʲô𣿡Ц
ǸŮҲڣͷ°ЦϸϸһЦûڣͻȻԼһֻ궢ϵСõĴ
ŮˣĵͷЦȻһЦ˵㡣һ˵ţһ˵ԻĽݣֹ˷š
Ц˰죬ҲûԼǰŮСʣ֪ǡ
ҲδˡŮǳЦ׳ôһ䡣
ЦһҪڣҧТѾ˦һһƿЦŭĿӡ
ʲôδӣʲôʱСδˣϹ˵ݺݵɴ۾ҵɣҵɣҵ㡣
ȻҲǳˣϴӳТɫѣлָЦһգ˫ֲݺݸТɻȥ
˵ǾǣˣҼ޶ˡТӲЦԼߡ
Сһ˵ģŲȢءТһקְЦקԼߡ
ҪǲȢңμӱ׸ʲôһЦԼߣТ׼ץЦţһûܵóѡ
ЦŲԸμǸ׵ģǡܲ˵ЦΪ̰ƲȥİɣТ˼һ£ǱݺŲС̨ġТһЦһ㡣
ҲŲЦǲԸģ֮μҵ״ᣬҵˡһҧʹһΣְЦȥһ㡣
ʲôˡТһЦˣ㣬СҵġǩˣТĻ˭ģϼְЦһ㡣˵ˣ׵Ľûɣô֪ʤĻСˡôͰСӵģδҲ̫˰ɡ
ߣߣߣͲ֪˰ɡԵһ£һ⣬ТЦȥһءһҧŲʹ̵ְЦȥһ㡣ҡ֪¡һαԵʲôҽصءҪЦУأ֮Ȣˡһ˵ţһҲҴ⣬ЦԼ۵ýֱ
ǰ׷ˣǴȥɣСֲȢ㣬䶼ôӮһ뵽µŮ˾ȻҸЦТŭʻһա
㡭ô֪ЦȢң㣬Ҽ޶ˡҧТһһֵ˵Ů˳ñˣȻ涼ţǿ̣벻̣ΪӣЦˡ
ҲҪ˼ҿȢС㣬СӾҪȢҲֻȢң˹ָһȥȻҵ˵ҪЦТöðˣ
㣬Ȼ˵ǳ˹֡ТüûѪק
ӣЦТδŵϱôȢǸЦŶ𣿡ſݶϿֵлȻɻʡ
ǿҪЦͿˡСο龰͵Ц
ТһץסЦһֻ֣ҳòֺ
ֻЦȥ಻ԡ뿪ͣɣߵТһɱ׺ݵ񿴵ɱˡٿұߵ֮ǰĶŵȫûˣüŭĿɱڣʮһƯĸҹ档Ц˼Լһǲֻ죬˵
˰죬ȻТҪС㣬ϾǸӣҪǿ㣬ۿҪڡЦսʤ
Тۿʤһһߵüơ
һҪͻȻһЦȻſЦ֡
ТûзͻȻ֣Цϵȥڵصһ˲䣬ТסЦЦϣӲǵЦĵӡ
ЦɿĴӵТҿһ߿һһʣôˣû£ʹʹ?
ТﺬỨָźףʹͷײˡ
ҿЦ쵽Ժôһ۵òˣϽࡣ
ʹʹˣЦһеʡ
ʹģͺöˡТ죬Ҫһ
á
ǰȫԵˣǲˡҲòϣǰòˡٿһһ۵ӣȷǻ顣
ͲϲЦǰ龰Ҳɢˣһ뵽Ц͵ڷԼСΪһŮ룬ֺǲġ
˰£ĿڵЦȻϲˣҵ̨ʲôҰȫעϣһ⡣ΪֹصĳЦ⣬ֻʣҹˣǽȴŷ缫ϣ޹ȥֻڼӣû߽ˡ
Цﻹиתƹ̨ʵڷԸҪֻǽӶѣʱǱʹԻɼ̨ġҪ־Ҫ֣úõýӵʲôⲻ˷
̾һįޱȡ
ⳤһ̾ϢЦУʱƹ㻹ðɡ
̧ͷؿЦҲãһ㶼áҵĽѽͻȻ۾һת˸⣬ʱ־еؿЦˣҲҪȢˣֻҪҸæˡ

 54 

̧ͷؿЦҲãһ㶼áҵĽѽͻȻ۾һת˸⣬ʱ־еؿЦˣҲҪȢˣֻҪҸæˡ
ʲôæЦÿҪЦݣͻȻһַǳõԤС
Ӯǳ
ʣȢʲô𣿡ЦȽһߵ𣬾øûֻÿʸס
ȻһˡȢȢңӮǴӮĺܡһ汿ı顣
Ӯ֮󲻾ҪȢˡТЦסȥ
˭˵ӮԺһҪȢˡƳһۣЦӻһ뵽ԼƻЦ۾ûˡȰӮ˱Ȼߣ㲻ȢңҲüˣһá˵꣬ЦϷдšҰ, Ұɡ
ϧТǳӵЦƴС㣬Цӻ֮أүүŹЦŻŹЦ𣿿µʱЦᱻ׷ɱɣ˵æǻ᲻
ǲ𣿡죬ۿҲʼ졣ˣ͵ǿңҰɡ
ʲôطˣôһ㶼ТΪװˣǲŲϵ
ݣаϵıȴԽˣ΢΢ŴۣһſŶỬۿ٣٣ֽǶȺǿǱСžӾϰģǳ˼£ټʱض츳˳ɵͲЦܿ
гһ߿ţһ߲źۼ͵ƳЦһۡ
޵ôңЦԳԥ飬͵Ц
Т״һͻȻӴһź˴ϡ
Цȫעϱˣ£ôˣôˣ
ͿТỨתüͷ΢ѩ׵ҧź촽ޱȰԹؿЦСӣͷϵİеʹٰòã
ЦּԺİһһʣòã᲻̫ˣҪ˾ͺ˵
һװۣһһʹϧ࣬ȫ͵ǲڵġ
㱻ϵİԹһգһվҲ̫ˣ˼ڿޣڿҮǺôҲֵòáû뵽ŮװˮƽԼߣϾͰЦеעռˣһ㶼ָ
һҵװȻʧЧˣӹҲסˣҧҧһӣʼաЦҪǿϰæСġҿ԰Ҵ˽Ǯ㣬ʮӴһ˵һʹѣʮʮģ׼ΪԼ߽Ŀ֮á
ʮЦ۾һ뿪ڴӦȴϱзТס죬ߵӦ
Ц¶ʹ顣
Тûİһۣһ䣺ͷҲʮ㣬˰ɡ
ЦһЦۣæĵͷ
Тɿ֣˵ʮǻ
ҧҧٿڼӼۣټϴθ˾˵˽Ǯ˾ǡ
Цһеİ۹תТϡ
ТȻ֪ʲô˼̾ͷЦ˵Ҹ
Цֿ˻Ҳֿ˻۶ҡҡͷ
ۼǮЧˣǰסЦ䣬ధ󣺡ǾͰңҰɡҴСԽһŮΪ룬ṳ̂Ҫżˣңңǲѽ
ûʲôòĵġТڣʣڽҲʲôһŮͷǲ䵽ͷ㲻ûߣ㻹ǹԹȥˣŮϣϱȽϺõ㡣
㡭ТĶҪһ壬кݵģҪǲϰҵĻңҾǿ
Ц˾Тȴںæǿ϶ǰﲻϵģҪеѰĻԱ㡣׼û˲в¡
ΪҲңһһվ˳Լ˦ȥ
һ˦û˦ϺТ͵ЦǺ
˦û˦ϺТɴܲӵĴЦɺתڡ
˦˼ζû˦ϺɫѾǷǳǳĲãƫƫТҪһԷԷ侮ʯ
ƴСѽ׼ͷϰһǸɡѹүү׼߽Ű޵ԭ֪㲻ϣ¸ѽТڴ£ҲԣҪƴС߽ӵܲӡ񣬿»еĵλɡ뿴ҪǴСһѰӳȥôеûУѿֵһƬǿǡТɷнµҡͷ̾
ܻİһӣڴߵТȥ׼ԼǰȰТſ̱ϡ
ڵسȥһʱ̫˿·±ʲôһТײȥ
ЦƲϽТӴûТ棬顯һ죬ײ˴Ȼܸɴ˹ȥ
Тô죿ƹᶯˡЦչȥָ
û£ֻײˣһͻѹŪȥŰɡТһ㶼Թߵȡ
ЦϴһӲɵǲǱТˣſϣ£ͷؿڣǲǻ
ʱͻȻŽǰ龰һ漴һȣȻҶ£Ϸɱ㲻ɡ
ںȲТŵˣң˳ң۹⿴ȥʱ趼ˡ
ϵ𣬻Բѣң·ڵϣΪ֮ǰװͬԵʣۿ죬̴ۡЦſϣһֻ£ͷظϡ龰ҪжжôôǲɻԼҸŮ
Т֪ңɫַ࣬ӨӨ׹⣬ֻͻȻͱúɵһ㣬֪ž֮һİƣһУȻϣ޻·ϽͦЦǰ棬ţˣҽ͡
ͣǰʲôý͵ģϸȻҾһɱˡ ң֮ǰЦкøУ˵ЦϲķˮЦУЦıʤ˱ŮԸȴû뵽һžͿЦ衯ĳ棬ʱŭɶ
Тоңɱ֪һʱὲҧҧ˼ͻȻγһѷذףס˴ĺҪٸǰߣϾɱıŮ
ôĵӡңȻŭһƻϣϢĻΪĩɢڵϡϰˣһһ·㡣
ʱżŵŷǰ龰һ漴һ֣ŵ˳⣬Χס
λðɣǲΪġĸТ˵.
ʱТҲûȥƽϱ˰ԼŮˣЦķ̧̧°ͣʵЦأ
˿ЦҡҡͷȻϡ
ԩѽûʲôûɣʲôûɡعЦϽΪԼԩ
ϧң˲š
ТյЦߣ˵˵ʲôǶˣٶϻʱ䣬ٽ͡
Ц࣬ϱ˵ҲˣھȻˡôһڹһ˵á
ТƼңӶ˶ϰѵֽѩ׵ĲӡţֻҪһҾɱ
ңԣ޺޵ĺһվŲ
Цŵ룬ҲѾزˣһݣڵţϵѻ뽻ǡ

 55 

Цŵ룬ҲѾزˣһݣڵţϵѻ뽻ǡ
ңöͷֱ俪ڣ룡
Т͵͵ԼĴָյϣָĵлѪֱТĴָĲӣԼѪ˳ĲңͺĲӱһ
㡭ңŭ
ţҪˣѻСȴǻģѻ뽻պ㻹лȥһȥŮɾҲ۾,ʱ뻻ҲˡТңŭ侲Ŀڡ
ң˿ТڵвϷŮ޶ݵʶҲǲˣֳαظ޳һߵ㿴ҵӣҲڶһεòӢ书͸˵ˣô
ԣæҡͷȻλˮ׺˵㣬ǱȽƫó浾ˮ͡
ΪүүΪ˾ãҸֻվ˵үүʱˣͱ˵Щű߼ʵĻˣǸϽѻ뽻ǰɡңϽС˵үүҪѻȸôҲܲȥѻ뻹ò𣿡
ң룬ȷʵеԥһ£ֽŵѻӲժ
ˣʲôҪ¶ǿóġТýżָָԶĵ棬۾Ķңӵ
ңѻ׳ȥТָĵط
Тõ۾ңȥѻ빴˹ȻЦ˵Сӣҿ鲼ְˣѻù
ЦѴ˺һ룬̫ģ˺һ鲼֣ѻӵϼ
Цѻ룬Т˵ѻ뵽ˣˣô뿪ѽ
һû뵽
ϿѽЦߴ
ˣһõָӣѻǾôһֱ߳ȥТȥΨһİ취ˡ
Ҫƹ·ѹô죿
ٰΡ
Ŷ

ȫûоİһһһѻԲѵŸմߵ⣬˾ͽп಻
ТҪԺҪץʵĻǧǵҪץԼ·ġЦ۵ͷĴ󺹣һֻּһֻѻ룬ֻ۾ҪæžңԼһŵӵľٶҲôûѽˣҿɲԲҪٴˣ
ͲôˣԼߣ˳ҲøǴ·ТһǱ顣
ƹ֮ǰǻЪɡ
Ҳá
˴̴̵ʮ˫۾ע£һƨ˵ϡ
µλãɫýڵ˼¡
ЦͻȻŵĵصһֺ΢ȴֵȻʲôЦȴܵе
룬Ц̷ſȦסТǻǺṦТԾɡ
ЦԾͻȻһϸĹӴӵ߲ʵѸٵ˸ղŵĵط
ТСӣж
ЦסⱼʮԶվТ
һ뿪ϳƬ𱧳ŵһߵϣͳһƿ˼Һ嵽Ƕ̵Ľҩˡ
Ѿˣȴʮֱֳָ˸Χסˡ
ЦТ˿ǰ龰ͬʱð֡ˣ
ТȰ㵲ţ취ߣȥСҰɡЦТ˵
ãҿСβ󿿵סҰ㵲ţ취ߣȥɽׯҵҡТܾ顣
У书ôסģǿӰɡ
Ҳ֪书ҲӲԶӰɡҶۣ˯ۣۣܵһӰɡ
Ҫӡ
ãӡ
˲û׼˳ԣʱ˭˭ӡ
˻û̶ңѾһһƳЦ
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ңһ֮һƣЦһһֶ˹ȥ
ңһЦС 㻹е㱾¡ΣҵҪ㻹ܲܶõһ˵һַһƣȴ컨ַһ롣
ЦңþȫԾȶңһƣȻʣڰгƣƷɨǰһƬ룬˱ɴ⬵ıˡ
Ц䵽ϣͻȻеҽŽŵһĵľʹһȥˡ
Ц±ңӲûװµӡ
ңȻЦ޼ȴҲòЦȷʵţ˵Цһ͵ӵˣЦʹĵӣҲж㲻ȥرղԼڳƵͬʱ˰ЦȻҲܺ˵Ķ㿪ȻԼδȫЦܶùҲѾѵˡ
ң˰֮ģջ֣Ц˵㵹ȷмͣɣֻҪȢ׸ƼңϷҲͲ׷ˡ
СЦϽΪԼͣǡ
ЦŮֶûü˵ڣңѾŭĿڣĻȻ㲻ԸȢҲٶˣɡأͻȻƣһӣ⡣
Ц׼ңƷϮķλҪ˿ȴԼŵˣҽһˣһľʹʹŲɵûһ
ôһЦ֪ԼѾܲˣ׼۵ȴТ˹ǰתס
ҪЦ˵һжǾǼٵġ
ɵϣʲôһܺùһЦۣҲТס
ԲԼһҪТٺһ㡣Цĵһͷ
ԼˣԼò׬Щô죿òôӣȻҪˣ̫ϧˡЦĵڶͷ
ԲһҪСӶԼТĵһͷ
ԼˣҲŹԼôҵСΡТĵڶͷ

 56 

ЦТ˱۾һ𣬿ǹ˺ܾãңûǵϣңҲûϡ
˳ɵ۾һ˵ǰ
۾ǰ֮ǰ֮Ωֲʱ˿̿ȴоԼ軹׵ˡСΡ
Сν㣬ˡЦ˹ȥסСεĴȣѻ㣬Ҫõѻ룬ǰõˡһЦص˵úܴܴڸңҺТ޹ģҲǱƵġԩͷծҪҾȥСΣǧǵ鷳ˡ
СȻ֪С˼һɣɭɭһЦŵЦصТȥˡˣңȻǣСȴҪһٱֹ
ңݺݵĿСΡ
СκƵؿ
վţЦһĶൽɤˣ۾һգգĶˣ˭ȳ֡
סТһСҪǴˣТô
ЦϣңСξȻû
ҲûңСκ񻹺ӡ
СѾͷ㵽ʲô˼Ȼŵѻ롣ңСδӵۡ
㲻ǵˣСο
ǵʲôң㶡
治ǵˣСü
ʲôңһͷˮ
ĲǵˣҺ׼Сεͷ󺰵๫Ѷù
лȻһôһߣһֵȥͳһֽ
ӣءлȻһ˵һֽ߰СΡ
СνӹֽһֽչңǰΣƲ㿴
ңִСӹֽϸԽıԽֻ֡һڣһףһ죬һ࣬һۣһüһ죬һҧ
ڴҵע£ңɿৼ°ֽ˺飬ӲȥȻ£޹ĺСζӡ
СοңľٶȴţҲ΢΢һЦƲСζ֪ԭϲЩãСĶûЩ˲١๫һ졣
лȻֽͳһź֮ǰʵһֽݵϡ
ֽңĶͷԵĳ鴤һ¡
ƲҪϲ֮ǰŵζҲһŵζСδ󷽵İֽݸңټһ䣬ﻹкܶء
СѾͷѽⶼѾʮǰˣ㻹ҧŲŸʲôң϶ЦСκ˵СѽƲʱǺȶˣ˵Ķǧѽ
ѽСĿڣҼǵúʱƲѵúܣָҺܿĵĸʦ˵ʦյͽܸյͽǿյͽȴǸͽյͽҪ˵ͽʦȴͽʤʦƽˡҵļĳĸ˵СѾͷѽҿҲղʲôʵͽˣʵڲеĻҪҪž˲ŹѽʦؾҵôĿ˥ȥ
СԽ˵ңϵ亹ԽࡣСѽʱƲȷȷʵʵǺˣͱƲһʶˣòѽ
á Сն֣ʱ˵ĵ飬ƲǴӦˬ켫ˣôҪծ˾ôĵġһ죬ֽңǰ˻ΣԸķ䣬޳оƲصӺһġƲ˵˵ĶԲԣ
ңڵ˵ԣҲ˵ԡ
ǰС˸Ȼ󿪿ڵǰϵĶ֪ܲҿһ¡
һ˵꣬ңС㲻ùܡһСֽ˺顣
Сһһ֣лȻͳһһģһֽݸ
סˡСֽӹлȻݸָֽһֽɹȥ
ֽ֣׹£
һ߿һˡСض˵
չֽһ߿һ
ңڴСζ¶ԼСµӲۺܴõѻ룬ңҪСǧ˲κǧڸһ֧⡭ͻȻһ£ס죬ƴȫҲžҵĲ˺þã̧ͷңɫʶȤĲټȥ
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лȻͷӻһչɤӣ⣬˱ҪټµĵӣȻҽţŵվִӱץסҽţָȻ۱գ࣬ڴ󺰡źãŰŶɡȻȻһЦ״ڳŵûЦû£ûΣûҪ˳ţʹաȻͷһ飬ֱûЦû£ûΣûҪ˳Ϊֹɽ˵ƾ˾ݡ лȻֽ꣬ŵӡƲӡ١
лȻڳŵӸɫ䣬һ棬ңģһ԰ܾŹȵģЦЦÿģеͷ֪Щʲôġ
ЦЩŵӵķӦعͷĿңТһ£˵ҵķӦ˲˳Ҳҿ϶ǿǸϲظʮҲǻЦ£Σ̫̫̫̫̫̫̫ˣ
ѽһΪѾСˣڲ֪ʵˡТпĵͷǺÿ£СּǳСӣԺһҪǵãǶ˳ǧˡ
šЦͷͻȻʲôɫһ䡣ιТղǲǺ˵Сοס
Тһ£ɫ䡣ңҺȷʵ˵ˣ˰ɣ
Ǹʱû֣ӦòɡЦеɵ˵
ԣˡͻȻһߡ
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лȻ߶£ͬĿТܿ϶˵˵סˡ
Тˢһ°ˡ
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Тˢһˡ
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Тһ亹
Ц֮󻹺ܵЦˡ
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Тһֶ׻ԭء
Цο£Ұ롣
ҲòȥлȻתЦղżŰѻӣƲϵӲˡ
Цϵĺٲһ

 57 

ԣТͻȻʲôѽСûаСΪʦСõѻ룬СӮ˺ңĶѽ
лȻͷ˵ûЦûаΪʦⲻҪֻҪƲŵ˲֪Цӵͽܾˡ
ѵСξͲҺСӸǣСβЦʦТɻʡ
ȻˡлȻȻӸﶢ
ԭСļϸ
ЦТ֣˼䱸ĿлȻ
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ŻСӵĻˣ
˼
ǱߣңСΣŬּۻۡ
СѽݣʦĽֵܣͣҶԵˡ͵ϾͣƲһΰɡңŬڳֺõЦݡ
СЦ๫еĶù
лȻӵٻҪɱȥ룬תͷТЦ˵ôһе㲻ģˣǻЪɡ
˵꣬ЦҲûʲôͻȻȫТһ̯̱ڵϡТ˵ʲôȴֺһҲ˵
ТлȻıӰݺĥӣЦͻȻʵТҲǺܼǳġ
лȻıӰа̾
лȻлȻǧǵñТ̵̫ˣȻʱ޶ˡ
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ңˣͷʹˣ˵СѾͷѽôѽ
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ңûüڣԱߵѾˡ
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С죬վţߡң˵꣬һߡ
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á

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СϾȥ롣С֮¡ЦЩʱҪǶ˻ߣĿù

 58 

СμͷϿЦлȻļͷϿТһƬм
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СεǾ仰ǳļ򵥣һ°ˣȥڶ°ɡ

 59 

ҪˣСν㡣ЦһĿ࣬Ҫĵһ¾ôôôôôѼΣգڶ¾һǾһˡʮ궼ûôʵ̫ϧˡСν㣬ͷģɡЦŬգۣӲ벩ȡСεͬ顣
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˺ѩ⣬һδӮǧ˲κǧڣҼΪͨЦչʮԺ󣬴ƽնöʮ㱾ͲӸøԶˡлȻһ˵һ͵ТķӦ
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СӣлȻҧгݵĴ󺰣ͬʱմͽܵĲԤС

 60 

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Ҳ԰ֻͣһʱûдǮѡТĨĨͷϵĺ֮ǰЦ̫ỨǮϵƱȥˣֻЩϡһʱԴöȶЦڸʣʱˣȫԼѾûǮˣߵʱǵøлȻǮ䵽˷ûӸʵľȾ档
ÿ԰͵Ķô˵СֵԲһš
Ƿţ´αض˫һ극ֶ飬ТϽڱ֤
ÿ԰͵Ҳô˵šֵԲֵĿ
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 61 

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ܡТ׷ȥҪ׷һӡ

 62 

Тò׷ǸԲӰȴ䲻һ֣һڵİӾТ
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Т޲ҿ鶹ײˡ

 63 

Тգһ˦䣬תؾ¥һѾסФЦ롣
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ФЦ˫סڣҡͷУⶫҺҪģҵıҲġ
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쵰ТˣȻһҪúáдһһ顣

 64 

Тھ¥ĵذʱʱТҲûţһϵĿ̡ТаФЦƤ˽͹ըըŸоԺôһ㡣
Тత˰ʱֽܶˣֱȥ
Тڣһ߿ľš
粽ȥóһȣĸ˵ˣȻӳš漴һߦȶТӭ
ТæһŶ
Тɿһ̧ͷһ׵ıδŭĿӡ
ТʾҲɻȥ
Ǵ󺺿Т̾˿˻֣úһŮӼңôô³ˣŮӵķϣҲƽˣһԷɣ´μǵñˡ
Тˣʱŭ嵽ǰŽţݺݵҲŲʲôŮӣеģеġ
ǴסˣԱΧһŴ߳Է˳ФЦ⣬Ҳסˡ
Т״գҡҴͷţŮˣ
Ƭ̵ļž
ͷţϴװ⣬ﶼŮӡǴ󺺿ڣТüѪ
еģеģеģеġŴһɵТҪ쳤ХˣǳԩĪѽ
ФЦͻȻ¿ӣĨĨ죬Ȼɿĳ嵽ТߣסТ½
쵰ʲôТס
㲻ǲñ˰㵱Ůڰ㡣ФЦίı졣
Т㶣ͻȻִҶ泯ǽڲҿʱܻﲻҿңеģˣ¶ʲôҿģʲôġҧҧţˣͻȥˡ
һѰˣҿɲŮӡ
ӵϵ̱˵ص°ѾʵȻǴһµôȻǸеģǱѽ
ТȻվǸҼǺˣ˭Ҫٸ˵ŮӣСҶ

Т·ڴ¡
Ǹ󺺣װ׷Тǰһ˫Ӹ˳ҽһ£պĴ
û뵽Щ侫ζļȾȻôһ֣֮Т̾һ£ϱϵʳעɿļ˵С
һȺ˳Ա㣬һ
Тվӹﵹ衣
һһȥһǸФЦġ
ФЦЦеĽӹ豭漴ɫ䡣
Тжʱ֣ФЦԼڲ豭ϵġġ̵ФЦ뿪ֽҩȴûϵФЦѱһ飬һʹĶԺҸ㽲˶ٱˣϺõǰǮģǶʮһļǮݳһҵʹġ
ФЦ뻰δ䣬ͿԲ۾ʵĴһĵϡ顯һ죬ϷŵıӶߵТФЦڣǳݵڰнסӣ˷Ѻò衣
ˣ֪Ǯײָ͡ФЦıӴҽĲɫʰٺΪϡٺԼֵģ˵ʱõˮҲͨˮҽصɽ˻ıŵζɽȪˮôˬڵĲɫʳʳ֮ٸгݼ㡣ĩˣѵӵȲҶ˲ӵȲˮƻĸоҵѪô׷𣿡ɫФЦɱˡ
ʲôӵȲҶĲҶҲһĺòáФЦСֹš
ʲôǶҲˣФЦֹ󣬶ʱŭɶФЦ룬ȻӲǾͰҵƨˡ
ǣǣǣҴФЦϴײ֪ͣˣԭңԭҰɡ
Ȼ£ӺȲ衣һҲ겻ʧ顣
һڣַ±ӣһƴоФЦеĲ豭Т˵Сӣһ¶ҪݵĲС⡮ġ֮Ȼɫζ߼Уһȴûʲôõġ´ԡʴġ֮࣬߼еİԵ
Тһڲ
û뵽ζիȻԻһȻܿФЦı˶
ТɾĿź
ôТļ磬ģҪܰһˣǴҲΪ㣬Ϊġ
ǡТɻĿźȲˡ
ûζիһСɣɣˡ˸Т翴žȿѴȴ󱯵Ĺ
òҪһӾ͸ɸɴĶҪʹʮʮҹŻܱҺܱҵĶԽӣץסТ֣һĿ
ԣԵĻһ˿ڵлһ̤ĿϣżתѽתһѪҽ²ʵıۣ˵˵ţĶͶ˻֮УҽżʹĲԼţһԡ
ТĶͷ亹бۿһͳ־ĨФЦ롣˵ѽҲ̫ʧ˰ɣôô˺ѽתһ룬ֿʵ¥ģ
ФЦͷ
ТʣǼҳׯɫҲģ
ФЦֵͷ
ǼΪ۱Ĺꣿ
ҵġ
Сɫεꣿ
ҵġ
ջ
ҵġ
ʧھ֣
ҵġ


˳¡̣
ҵġһڣФЦ֪
ĺڸεļһҵ·Тִӻȡ֮ǰФЦ뽻ĵƱϡȻϾȥĵ̲ˡ
ФЦɿһ²豭վѾˣǸϽȥͷɡһТߣһߣһ߻ͷǼˣ˾ͿˣϽ׼׼ˡ
ТФЦһ·񱼳ζիԼ󺫴ĺСӣһرĥѲ˵㣬֤Դв˻ףһҪǵѽ

 65 

ҹТȣҡһε߽ζիĳӺӹѱĥúĲ˵
ТͷǵӺѲ²ܵ˾޴ĥĥÿ֨˿ԹͬȷТľҲܵ˾޴Ĵ֪ТһǲûФЦ룬ФЦúܲҡ
Тļ򣬺ĳ˵СӣФЦһȺ껹թƻԸûô׵ġ
ҲҪԣһһʵ̫̫̫̫̫̫ɶˡ Т˫յһļ뿪
ڶϣΪһϵТûаФЦ˶ҹδߵĺ͡ɢФЦ⡣
Тһ˱վԺТڵļƣ
ȷФЦȷʵ̲֮סڡιСӡ
Тӽ˽ûлͷ
Тûлͷٽң㺫硣
Тûлͷȥ
Ͻ߼׷ȥ˵ТѽʲôֻûС׷ТТļ磬ͻȻ
ТѸٰУƵģҪЦЦɡ
Тδ䣬̿ЦЦòԼŶӼûڵϴ
ТֵȣٵȣǺƺûЦĴ㡣
޿̣Т֣ɫ࣬һѾЦ̱ڵϵĺȥ
ݵһ㵽һԣ̲סЦͣҵģФЦֻǹݵġ
µТոһӡ۸һںȦͷһС췢Ĵ
ТȫӲǿסЦТѵأ
Тָָ
ȥԲ򣬲棺ФСȻðѵĲ˵ˡ
Ȼã˵ҺŪѲ˵ǷծҪТФЦԼڵ˵ԻǷӲԼӡ߲ѡФЦԼѲ˵ģôͷϡ
̾һТļ򣬡ҲԹˡѽֻǷǮѣңôɵȻǺˣǩһءءء̲סжᡣ
ТĬĬ飺ȥŻζիˣФСһŭ֮£ܾͲˡ
СȻؾԹˣȥһ죬ʵǱûˣͰѵе˶ߣڳһѻ𡭡
أТϽ׷ʡ
ôȻԼƴѻˡĵĳ̾һ
Ϊʲô
û취ѽФСвҡ
ôв㣿ТҿϿ¿ǰĺǸһӲǣĺӣôܻФЦвµͷ
ФСв˵ζիˣͰǹеҵڳʮʮҹʾڡƵġ
Т
ȻݣѹҪ
ТͬĿźͬʱФЦֻǰԼĿȫǶѡ
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Т£ȴһ¡ҺõЦǩûдޣԼһӰš
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һʱһ񣬴ТôһѰɣ
ߵТԣͻȻɫڵϸ롣
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Ѩ󣬺ÿһһᵯһ¡
ТֻѨͻȻģʲôϸ˳ʱɿТһ
һ֮Те뱻ջС֮ҧԼʳָТüһһѪӡТüֺ֣ܿı䵭ʧѪӡʧТĸоҲʧˡ
һУТļ򣬡ˣԼˡҷЩЩܰ㻤סԼӿٶȣõĻ߻ħ
ȻùƣТϸϸܾãͻȻˣ
ˣǰˡ
Ȼ֮ǰûۼҲ˵置Ĺ˵ΪأʤТһɻ󣺡ΪʲôĹȥԸФЦ룿
ΪҲФЦӺģһʱм˲壬Ϊ˱ľ֮ҳǩζի֮⣬ұƵӹơһйƶͿ԰ܵĹƶȫת޵ϡ һĻڲϸһöûСТļһΣǼԸФСǰϣˡ
صĵѽТԸ̾
ȥİ£Тһ߿ڹһ߰ר˵ĽҲģƶˮƽͻͽ
ТФЦ¶Σȫʧܸգ³ҲһαһβҡФЦر𰮺ôТûһ첻˵ġТȴʮǷǷծǧ֮ࡣ
磬ζիĳһΧԷ׵ТУעĿ
Тһвһߺ޺޿ФЦһۡТڿФЦİ°һТˡ
Тͷʣµķǽվ׼ȥ
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ТһߵССҨһ뼦ŵТǰ
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ФЦԼ°ֵͣǣôôã
ӣ꣬ѽôöõ㡣һ뷹ŵТǰݺݵФЦһۣҲǣôƯһҲµȥ֡
˾ͷһǴĿͶФЦ롣
ʵҲ²ȥֵģֻҪ۾־ͺˡФЦ˴Լĵá
ߣһͬТ˼ûû뵽ТܽӣȴйɲϷĺݾФЦޱңȴһԣԽԽ£˶øд
Ҳ̫ƫ˰ɣҵĺòáФЦΪԼԩ
˲ֻڡ
ߡФЦȻТТҪһȥǣ¾ͳҺòá
Т롣
áФЦӦˬ졣
Тд档
ոһӣüֵ߳ƽФЦ벻˵
ʲôТİ𣬡һưҴɣҲŻҵӵģȻҰ㵽ͷϣ˵ˣֵҿֵͺ͵ЦˡҪҵı磬ӳȻ̸
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ˡ
ˣ
ˡ
ȻҲû취ˡФЦ뻰һ٣ͻȻָһ㣬ТӦһֽס
Ȼ㲻ϽңҾͲˡФЦТ͵͵߾ͺáһ˵һߴҡ¥ȥ׼͵͵˩ζիߡ
ФЦȥıӰͷεĿűѨТТѽûܽ⿪ФСĶŵѨֻеȰʱѨԼ⿪ˡ
Тһ˫ŭܡ

ʱТһܶʹĿɿڴע£Է˵ͷ˵ٶζիݾù澵ӣִӻͳСƿ
ТѶžӣƿŵ͸ϸϸͿԼϵ˴ƳҩЧѣͿ֮׺һʱ֮ھͻʼȥʵҲףФЦһֱġȻÿζһһףҲֹڴˣбƤ˸ص˳ϡǴҲֻԼЩµ׺ۣ֮ʲôۼ¡
Тһ߰ĦԼҩЧ㷢ӣһ˼ФЦСεʲô飬СΪʲôҪФЦ

ϣζիһˣæŴɨصꡣ
ТҲаæ˳㲼û׼ԸФЦ롣
æţͻȻ˴ƿѾϵĵš
һſڿȥһ
һŮվſڣЦӯӯĿˡ

 66 

λǲ˼Ѿˡ ʵƹͣẉ̂Ů˵
Ů΢΢һЦû˳ȥһſ
ҲԷģ˵ġŮһ˵ţһš
·ֻ֮Ǽ򵥵һһͶ㣬ȴ˵ɢַ顣
վ¶һ
֪ҵλƹ񿪿ʵ
˵һλպĴպǲ֪СŮӿɷһ Ůӵģ޷ݵķϣ˶֮һЦ⣬۲תɨڳˡ
ɨˣֻͷһҪ⼸쿴ТˣɫһĵֿȶҪˡ
λҪǱҾ¥ڽǵģûָˡɨصСҡҡͷϾФЦѽ
ĵһֻҪλϻǮƿԴФСѺȥĻû׼ܴФСѺ֡˵ǵС£ʮ꣬üĿ㣬ôôТĹ۲죬Сܲ˳ֻۣҪһлҪСĲ꣬С˵ĻҲһҪʮа˾ţˣ˽гġ
ǿɲУҪǺˣζիô죿ҪǿˣҲ٣Ǯͻ治Ǯ治û취Լ겻ҪһֱﱻФЦѹҵģڲӵСʣĨһסĿڣһľʧ롣
һоһСϷµǰĿŮӡ
ŮӲŭֻӯӯǳЦŰ۹ͶС۲ת䣬
С۹ע£ͻȻЩͷΣ֪ΪΣ߾벻ǳ˰㣬
λС磬֪ɷԴȥѾܾءǰޱȿеĿС
仰СͻȻ־һԺ˦˦ͷ־ЩǸеһͷΡ
ŮӼСľٶס죬ĵЦЦݣСתȥ
Т֮ǰһ߿ţ;ŮӴйŹ֣ʱСһתТɣ֪С󺰣СŮ˵۾
Сȴ·ûһ㣬Ȼȥ
ТһҪȥȴס
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СܾţΪҲ֪˵ˣȴһֱǺңһᱨҡ
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˶סһתĿתĶ
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ǲңŬ˶ͷ̽
СۣҡŮʩʩȻ߹Ϻ۾ЦеĿڡ
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Та룬ųӦòǱҾ¥ڽô򵥰ɡ
˵Сѽ˰춼֪ȥŮʧȥģſˣߵĸǰ㿴Ҳô£ģѾȡ˼޸ͷˡ£ƻġ
仰ԵһĴҲȫջȥ
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ۣȻϻҲǿ㡣۵ľܾǺӵ֮УǺӲûκβõıʾ俴һޣֻŮűҲˡһ˵ţһͻȻεضһֱȡ޵ǡ
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֪ȥǣĽų̱ӦһŻġ磬ӦûһЩŰҹܻ˰ɡС룬ش
ǵģ뿴ʱǰΣˣ˵ˡТФЦΪ
ȱˣôѽС̯̯֣ʵĿͶТ
ô֪ȥʺТ°ָָСסѨһ߲ܶޡ
˵ˢˢתеͶ˺ۡ
վţĬ
ֻøžĬ
磬㵹˵仰òáТͷʹĿڣ鷳ҲԼʧġҪŲһֱץС
ТС۾תתͻȻڣ磬ҺòãǸĶѾˣѾҪ˫ⶾˣҸ绹˫ءңԺҾһ𻹸㡭
û˵꣬ͱТһǴָشͷ
СڴʲôˡТ˵£С͡
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Ǹɫͨ죬ֿ޷ֻֻТڣּ˵ȥ磬֪֪˴£Ҹ硣ҪòҸܾûˣҸҪǻɵĻҲԱҾҲ̫ʹġ
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ˣǺӵȾһ{ײĵɫƳƳԶޣ˵ȥ
磬֪ϲޣҪǿϰңΪл͸ˡ
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϶ȴ߹վǺǰ
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϶㡭۶Ȼ
϶ڰ֣½ˣͲҪˡ
תСֻҪŰһ˫񻹻ͽˡ
¹ƺˣʲôƶãʱҰ˫񻹸㣬ٸҽ⡣Ǻһ룬Ͽڡ
СǲеСΪ˵زТежˣϺɫ
˰ɡ϶ӻһɫҩ裬ݸǸӡ
Ǻһֽӹǳɴȥ
϶Ҳܸɴİ񽻵תͷТ˵ãѣҵĹڣ䲻ʲô
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϶ͷã㽫˫񽻻ұΪȥϵĹơǵãʱ䣬ȻϵĹƱᷢζԲܵġ
ģΪȻСȴҲ֪һŵǧ𡣾㲻Ϊ֮ƣΪҲὫ˫赹ԡǺһ˵꣬ת۵磬ȻҲ֪ʲôõģȻϲҾͰˡȰһ䣬ŮˣǲҪߵĺá
˵ϣζի˹Ϊζеˣڡ
ССһȴ쳣ϳɣоݣзȣд֮硣
ʹ뿪Իζիһǲ򵥣СС;˷ȣ϶ǳ֪жŮΪģȵȵȵȣӡ
ֻϧ̲סŭТָƵһָ˵ţĳһᱨġ
ʵⱾҲûʲôСӼǳҲ
ǣТķӦǡббһۣһټмӣм֮ЩЩ̾Ϣһ䣺ֻᶯ֣ᶯԵСʲôµģ´ҪٱץסҾͰǹˣƨϻͷٰڳſʾڡ
ǣĺһű۵ĿСúףڣָТָʮ̣Сţһ㡯֮⣬ʲôҲ˵ֻһѪԼµ顣
ζի˴ʱȴûȥͬжһ
ТȻФЦвǵռɱﵡǹͷּͷһҪФЦ֪ˣһãǻò˻

 72 

ζիһͬĿűТ߻صĿСҧгݵζիȥ
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ƹδ䣬ֻ߳ȥ岽ĺӺܾһ㣬һ󲽣΢࣬Ҫʲô
ȻֻһӰһӱһƴؿڣ˾ͷֻ顯һ죬ײ˴ӣѹһӣǱֻصζի
ζի⣬ǺӴһȺͻȻද
һӰӴ˽ǺӴĺеһ
ֱǸӶȥݺһƻ¡
ƹһӣһǺӱƹӲŶһơ
Ǹ˽һƣȴСӳȥһŰס
СһŰ֮󣬽һŰʡǺҲ㣬ֻһ
СȻƵǿһ֮Ǻ˾Ȼ
С⣺㻹ҲССү
ѾûȥǸӸ˻
ǺɫףѪ
Сô£ѱˣТȥ˴ִӻһҩ
ǸȻ뾡ӣСһһµöǺ֡
ϧСĹ֮ǿԶԶһʱ֮޷С
ТҩǸǺЩǺʲôҶҶ֣ǻ˰ɡ
Ǻֻǿһۣ˵ֻϵȴһкһС
ζիսҲѾˡТ֣һǴСһӮˡ
ΪʣµЩˣѸٵĳζիҪζի߸ԶԶТ֮ĸ֣סȺˣСѾˡ
ТǺˣȴ϶һСģ
ТֻƷϸʱ䱻ФЦ͵Ϯľ飬ѸٱǸһ˳Ʋôľ͵شһ
Ȼܵļʱǲ졣ֻеһȻһʹÿҲ֪Ѫˡ
ͷȴ϶ͱӦñѨԹԶڵϵ޲һ
СѧղѽѨôѽô˼ɾԼˡТ̾˳ֵİǺӵ䳶Լ˿ڡ
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ЦСүҪҪˣҲԼ汾ȫʹء
ȵȣȵȡТĻλ㣬˼˵ҪɱСɱ֮ǣ㱳ڹٰǼȫɱˣɱ֮ŻҪһѻζիյøɸɾ޶֤
ҲˣСո˵ģǸͻˡƣŲأʱһɱܵܡ
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Ц̬ţˣСүѽ˰ɣòλ磬Ҳ幬ܻ˶ã
㡭ǺӱüѪҪǱТס¾Ҫһȥƴˡ
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Т֪ζի˴ƹʦ۸书ҪТŲ⼸һһФСѹûͷ۸ðֱУҪû¾ͰںģȻǸ֡
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Тƣʵûô
ȷʵζիߣ˵ٵ˼ұѽһһıɣ˼֯Ĭıѽ
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ʵһų˺֮ܺ⣬׼˵µλãþһСݱĺˡùļһﻹʲôѡأȥˣ϶С롣ʱǽסˣ³һܲҡȥˣɹֱӴС˷֮󣬺һǳıҡûѡˣֻˡ
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飡ɹһأѪԲˡ
ۣƤһСһȭѪһߵÿѪۿҲˡ
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ʣǸۼͬˣԲȣðƵĹ򣬺ݺһȥջƣۼ㲻һˣҲˡֵֻɴۿ󣬺ҡ
Ǻ˴Ϊŭ룬ͬΣ㵱Ǳѽ£һУеעڽȫʴȥ
ۿֻôһ㣬ܴаˣǺˣͻȻеͷһʹǰһڣʧȥ֪
󣬳µӵõİسʡ
˵ˡʺϧҡҡͷ
ʹǰϺ˳ֳһš
˸һͷǰһ壬ƹֵһ˴ƹ׼˻ᣬָһһöֶͭ
ǺֻǰͻȻһڣƿյѣȫһסѨ

̫̫̫ˣТ̾಻ᳬʱ䣬һȺ˾͸ȫˡ

 73 

޿ǰĻңȴһ㶼ûżӣϷЦݣȷʵǿأҵõ鱨ûдζիȻǲԻǸءЦǺһۣСүһȺ֣ܸɱɡܽùȥˡϾǽ۰ӣܵò˼ɲźð
һ˵ţһóһССڣŵһ
ڷ΢Բ
⼸ŵɫӰӴԶķӶ
ֻһգ۵Ĺ߸ĺϢĳζի⡣
Тһˣ΢΢һ
Լ书ȷϡƽǴСҳ󣬼ʶȴеġ
߸˸ղõ֮졣
ӹٶȼ죬ڵζիǰ֮ʱҲһ㶼ƣȴͻȻͣסءصʱҶһ㣬Ϣ
ƾ⣬Тܶ϶߸˲ǺöԸġ
οڣѾվζի⣬ôТȴǵĺ
߸˾վζի⡣
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ֻТѾܸеɢɱ
俪ڣ֣һ
վмǸˣ̧俴һۣ漴֣һӡ
һ֣΢һģһĳС
ƹһ֮£Ҳһָֻӹ̨ץһͭ壬ݺζիȥ
ƹȥͭһŷŽâĴһ㣬ֱ߸ĺ˵ͷȥ
ƹõַҲ֮Щɳȥͭ壬ٶȼ죬һЩڰײͻȻıԭеĹɳȫ񲻵֮ĽǶȺͷ
⼸ַЩֱͭȡ߸˵Ѩȥ
ƹģ߸κηܣҲӲһŽǮɵĴΪѾǵ·ãˡ
߸ȴ޶ԣûκҪ˼
ۿһŴҪ߸ͷŶֽȥȴֻѳʵ˽΢վһֵ͡ȻТֻǰһЩͭڵϣ
δֻͣһѾζի
ƹɫһԴкҪˣСĵ㣬һɾͲöԸˡ
˵ɫҲˣЩ
࿴˼ֻۣʹ˼ɫ
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СתͬʱҲûţǳ־һͬѭФЦӰγɵġΪǿꡯǳǿһӵϣ׼չֵȺŹ

 74 

Ȼʱƺƽ֣ζիһȺˣТô㵣ĵġ
ȻһȺողɰһȺ˴ú޻֮⼸ĿɱȸղһȺҪǿԶԶֹôһ㡣
˵ģԸղɺľƹİһ֣ζիһȺϸղһȺֳĹ˵ТԺܿ϶˵ζիһȺȻ޳ܣ޼䣬Զ٣ʤҲҪٳʵһ㣬ٹһ㣬Тò˵ζիһȺпܻ䡣
Ϊ˷ֹԶٷıζիݣТһ֮
Т̽һҩۣ룬һТҩۣһЦ׼һȥ䲻˳˶壬׼һȻȺŹСһۿˡ
Сһ֮£ʱʧɫ ˲üսˣɱТǰʣТ㡭㡭Ҫʲô
С߿סҡТϽ֧߿ңҾû취ۺЦˡ
Сһۡ͡ЦۡʱͷһɫһƬɷףԼĥҪҪܵĲ״
һѳǰץסТ
ТТС϶㲻аǸǸƹİ°ʰǶ㲻ͦõģôԡôԡС۷⣬ĳصôʱ侮ʯ
С㲻Ҫ˵ʲô侮ʯҪǼһ֮ı¿ηΣТˣСһۡ
Ҫһ֮СգգۣТٿҩۣС̽ǲҩȥֻǼȫúᣬϻɿڲĲŻУǾͲ£Գûˣ
ôܣТҡͷ
㻹ҪСˣǸһУҲһ֮
Ͳ֪ˡТСչǼϴζйЦۺˣУ֢״ȽᣬǺúܶࡣǼҧҧסҲЦϽûʰˡ֮ٸǽ˲ͳˡ
ТҪǲæҲеġСĻû޳תͷսһŵ˶Ѵ󺰣ҿѽТǴ򲻹˼ң׼ۺЦһ֮ء
СĻζի˾һŶһ־֮ı飬ٽžһʲôɵҩһͻȻһ񣬳жǰֹ
ʻŤͷТߴ󺰣Т˰㿴ǺʵǻûȫǶء
ѽѽʵڶءͬΪ֤Բ飬ͬʱذԼ棬ѧɣ޳ܣҪ˽ȫͳͳʹ˳
𣿡Тǰ˺ζի˴һʼƽ֣ڼ˱ζի˴ֻزеʧصÿϧæء
Сͷϵ亹ֱðаҿҿˣȻұֻ֣úˣˣ⼸ˣȴТЦۺ۷ŵǿ̫ԩˡ
Сͷϵ亹Ǽֺ۵ˣʱŭһҧһȭս˶ѡ

 75 

ТźԼûлæȴͻȻֵһ̽һһС͵ТǸؿʹ̹ȥ
Ǻ˵ղźݺݰһƣˣȴǿѸٶ㿪ĵļǵøТһɨȣɨڵأˡ
һգתƣиһ䣬׷ǸӶȥֱĲȥ
Ǻ֮ǰТµҩţܳšոΪ˶һòתǣ˴ʱһѪֱֽͷ亹ȫǰľҲģ
ȥϴһ˿ЦĽ׼Ĳȥ
϶γһСС䵶ȥ׼ס޵Ľ
䵶޵Ľ֮ʱͻȻеһɾ޴ֱײŵ䵶Ȼֻеһ飬е䵶ͷ˳ȥ
Ҳ̧һֶ϶̸дһƣ϶Ѫ
һȻͣǸӵĲӶȥ
ТһߴӵһֵһһСֽҲ˲ùõĵʲôһҺţҵǧɢһ߾ʱҹòôһͷȥ
ȴûһ۾գһ£еĽͣ١
Тû뵽޾Ȼ˲ܲˣһСֻмȥˡ
ۿ޵ĽҪǺӵĲӣһѲ˵ͻȻ֣һ֮󣬲˵˺ôһӣϳأֹסˡ
һ裬ТӳֽҲˣɫҩɢ޵Ľò˵ĺۼסһʱ޷ͷ
һջؽһһۣú۶Ĺ˳ȥĨϵĺɫδ
Թ޵ؿźۣ֮ǰѾˣТ㣬ӹĶٶȶΪ壬ȫаڸǸСĲ֮ɵĶ㿪㲻Ҳûϵ֮ǰѾҩԱ֮ڰٶ֡û뵽֮ǰڴҲעʱĶĺ۾ȻͻȻ֣Լĺ¡
㡭ŭźۡ
ס֡żϳصĲ˵ڡ
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ۿЦӦýˡһ𣿶һҵȺǰˣԼȴνĻȥ𣿡
ݹˡǶҪҾСٶһˡɫһ䣬һҪ֡
ʱȴТһס֡
ţ۹ȥ
ιιιλ㣬ټ֣СҲҩТĿڡ
Լﲻ֣ͲТжɱ֣ⲻ뺫ҪѨ
ιѽҿ㳤ͦƯģΪͦںԼģû뵽óȥҲںǵģ㳤ûҲôԱѽТһ˵
Тһ˵ͻȻеԼĸод󾪣ֹסƣ˼ȥԼ
һ֮£и
ϵƤֻЩһָһʹ
ϵĸоҲԽԽңԽԽԡ
ôܡ޾гڡģƼ䲻׵ģ֮ڰٶֵҩ衣֮ǸС¹ոǸ϶ҲԹ¶¹ƣûЧġôᣬ书ҲҪСѾͷȻԼС
ݺݵТȥ
㣬ңҺµġТԼؿڣһܺµӡһһͷţϺεġ
˵˭ͷ㡭޾𽣣ֻɱТ
ȵȡ϶ӻһ澫µСͭȥ㻹վ˵
һ϶ӹľӡ˭Ҫľӣˣթ
ԼֽҲͳСͭŵǰһա

һ֮£һҽУ䵽˵ϡ
㡭㡭ָТָŶϰѽҩҽ
ס֡ТһһлȻʹһٱ顣
ҩлȻİҵģбעһšעдšͽ֮ò̫ף˷һ·ֶţѰ徲˷۾Ϳϼɡ
ТʮֵңԼ򸾼лΪ£ȻϣǸûҪ·Ķ
ǰޣոջһƯƯĴŮأͨ졢ף׵Ҳͱӣ۾Ҳֻʣһ졣׵ϻ½½ðһɫɫĿĵøǿֲ
ݣֶңǴңҺùТдãȼˣӱʮ겻Ҫ

 76 

ҧ޺޿Тýָסߺ޵ؿڣ㣬ϰѽҩҽ
Уס֣ȫ˵ζիȥТָָζիĴţٰһ顣
Ҳ룬ɡһԼһΪòȻǰСѾͷ޺޵۾ˣ̳һ޲һТ̸Դ
һТͺ۶зһТһһ
޽ѽ治ҪˣТú۵ţϽ˼Ů˵ľȽϰȫ
ŲҪ޺ۣһֻɱТǺ书䲻˿ʹȫֵȴҲһʱԸͷŭ
Ȼ޽㻹ҪǾͲҪҺɱģҪˣ˭ҩ붥ôһһӡТĿտ˵׻ҩлȻģ֪ʲôĽҩߣУҪýңҵӺСģһңҾǽҩôˡ
ԣս΢΢һͣʽҲ
Ͻˣס֣ʱϾˣ¾ͲˡТ桯ؿޣ㳤ȻȲңҲѵõĴˣҪ˰̾Ͳˡ
ҧҧУ˿ڵǣס֣˳ȥ
˵֮˷·ûһȻζի˵Ŀ֮£ȻѹŴȴҲûһ
ֳǴһס֣
ȻûеõһӦ
ߣתͷζիǸˣ㣬ס֡
û˵ֻת֮ǰһֱζիһȺ˵ۣһۣת˻ȥκηӦ

ѽ޽㣬֮ǰͦͦģָȥģΪȺ˵ͷأҸѽӦ|޽ΪǣһԸİɣ˼ҸͲ㵱Т龰ĿϴϽ侮ʯڿࡣ
ޱТû޲óȥʬΣȴΪ˽ҩ̣û̵Ѫ
ǿѹĵķߺޣǸ˵㵽ûҽס֡
Ǹǲɴ۾ûһ£ÿһۡ
ʲô˼²ͬТҲҪˣҽҵס֡
ΪǺĹϵ˵˵ӣҲ˵ҪңΪʲôҪ֣ͣ˲Ҫǳ𡣡
ǣҵ޵Ļδ˵㱻ϡ
޹ءӲĿû
ǰƣТ̲סеˡۿҩ֪޻᲻ܴ̼ȣԴ󷢣¾ͳʮ˶Ρ
Ȼսֽˡ
ТӴܵ׼
ʱһֱվζիͻȻζի˽
ТۣԼڵϵС϶Ӷֻ߹ʱζؿһۣһ䣺ʲô㣬ֻҪţӵĴ¡
Զʱһݡ
˵ֱֱ꣬Ŵֵһȥ
ζի˿߹СϽ˶ѣ˳ץһųʣֱкȥ
ۼһųӭҲգһ£²ӹһת˾ͬһϢػˣɶ㿪Сȫһ˳ǰһнѳʣһֱСǰȥ
С㣬ǺȴӰΣۿ޿ɱܣСͷ󺧡
ʱһֻȻץסСĺ죬ӲС׳
СֻǰһغϽͷȥԼؿڡһ֮£ʱͷһ
ֻԼ·ʺ£ϣֱֱһĿӣ·֮⣬·µƤҲһǳıֱ˿ڣ˿ʺѪɫ
СĶͷð亹ղҪǳȣԼҪһƶˡ
ٿڣƴ䡣
֮ǰζիһռ˾ƵģԴ˼룬ζիһȻ˶࣬ҲùǺ
֮ǰȻͦģϽ󣬸ζիһҲǸֽϻܰǴſ¡ͷ죬һ㣬ҲΪ塣˭֪ӡ
ֻ˳֮޻ڣǼݣֱָζիÿ˵Ҫǰ˾㲻ҲҪȥ
֮ǰ⣬Ѿÿ˵㡣
ζի˲òָԸһ
ֳַȥ֮ʣµĶԸȴЩˡ

 77 

ǱߣζիЩУߣҲʼס޵ĺݹ
ԴǸ˶Ǿ仰ôһζ֮޾ͻȻʼʹɱ֡۵˼ʮк󣬱ʼ·ˡ
޽㣬л˵ҪҩǾ͸Ͻ֣ͣˡТͼԽҩΪɢ޵עҲúܶ൲һ
޾һ㣬ȫТ˵Ļֻר־ضԸۡ
޽㣬ҪǲϷ½ҩʱ䳤ˣ˽ҩҲû취ȫָġТš
ûӦ
޽㣬ÿ£ԽԽˣˡТװģ״
ȻûӦ
޽㣬㿪ʼͷˣٲԽҩݶġТУʼ˵˵Уֻŵޡ
޵Ľ·˶٣漴ֿʼͣЪĳУԽսԽ͵ļơ
ͷҲˣҪǵȵݶˣ˽ҩҲûˣǳģ޽㣬ʱֻܵû̫̫ˡ
ð⣬иݡ
Т״ޣսмҲ޵ĺۣͷ׼ȥԮ
һͷТһ
ζիһڴ붼м˵úǲᡣ
ҲѾûɵı飬һɫء
Т֪ҶŲ˶ˡ
龰Тʱ´ڣ˲Ķɶ˷ФЦˣֻʣһЩͨҩЦʲôġڵ龰ͨҩԶԷĹʲôáۺЦۣζիߣû취סаﵹæĿܡ
ТżֽͻȻһϲ
ﻹлȻǿҩ
лȻ˵ֻҪӳȥԼͳͳҪ¡
ۿǰƽţТ˲ö룬ͳһţݺһӡ
ССԲ䵽ϣ顯һըѿһɰƮ
Ű̵ĳ֣һζ˲ӯζի
ýԵʣ޺ͺ׵壬˲ȫضá
Тһϲٿһߣζի˺Ҳʼ½ء
ҩԽߣԽܶʱ䳤㡣
صİȵСƹ񡭡
ֵȺˡ
һһһ
ãֻʣһˡ
ףô
˻Σǻû
û߹ˡ
ТϽٲһš
һɰƮζիζŨˡ
˻û˿Ҫȥ˼ԾТ˹
֮ǰһվ⣬ƺһȺͷǸ
˿Т黹ǺƽһСˡҿ书̫ûȴû뵽ϾȻҩҶЩĵϻʣ²ɵˣԸ㣬Ǵ´ˡ
ʲôҩӳȥֻʣһͳͳҪ¡ֿסΪʦҲʲôǰ;ˡǸŷźģɭɭĽԽԽТ̲סְлȻһٱ顣
ТһлȻһȴϰڳһƽгı顣˳ּ޵ǰ΢֣ͦ΢΢΢΢̽ǰһƯĽȻ˳΢ǰ
˼Тڳ⸱ƣ΢΢һ⽣иǿɹأľ硣ѵԼˣ⿴书СѾͷȻǸز¶ĸ֡
ƽ޲񽥽͸һ˿ȵ˷ܡ
лȻƵҩȫز־ѵġζիһТڳļƣֻ֪ǰźÿĻ˽
ۼ˺񱻻סӣһ˸顣ֻҪôϽµǰ˵ҪȻ͸ϽФЦТ֮ǰ
ТŵҪĺ󱳶Ǻϻǰڳһڣʤȯյӣһֺܡˡϡ
սֽɣֽʼҲТĽ֮ǰһƵУȳֵԼһ䡣
˾š

ټһζիһȺ˵ڵϣ΢жĻ󲿷˵ģФЦ룬ФЦ룬ФЦ룬
ʱһһȥТﰵпࡣ
ӲҲǺĺòãôȥԼ¾ҪŲסˡ
ТҧӲš
Ҳʱ£ʵޡǺȼ֮Ǳôãֱۻۡ
̣̣ڣһʱȥ֮ýֻ̲סᶶ˶
һһֱĵȴץסһݳ
һТĸȥӣֱӰֱӹȥ
ýһʱ֪Тмء
俴Тһۣŭ⣺û뵽ҾȻᱻĻӸסˣװ˷ôʱ䡣
Тζիﶼһ룬û·ˡ
ТĻʱͻȻζի⴫һޱϲ
ѽּһͭ壡ȻǮۣкö̫ͭˣ̫ˣǸӣ
Тһ̲סһϲ۷Ź⣬ſڴ󺰵Сӣ

 78 

ζի˼ТһϲɫϽĿͶſڣžǳ
еĿУֻһ߽ζի
ԾǵĳζիˣһֻǸТ͵꣬ɴʧ
꣬ݸߵģɫԺڣӢ㡣һſͦǱ˫Ŀ񡣴һ̫Զ̵Ϻóұ߼ϱһСҸ¼һһײʵʵ״ϿǽĶʱһϲɫһ߽ζիһæŰһͭǮ
СӡТһˣ˲۷죬һͷ˹ȥŲš
ζի˶ʱԾòһء
ТжƯŮӣʱദζիТǸӺˡ
ТڶФЦʱսŰܣŰսФЦģӲһϲ˯Ϣһ˰ͷĻȫװˣڶ·ҶһһԵТ㱻ФЦñҲҪڵһʱ۶գһ¾͵ŶФЦչТȻΪֹıûгɹˡٿոТ书ҪӲŽ˶ŵӡ
ٿǰûйͷһڸսŵϣ۷⣬һί״Т

ǻþǻþһҩҲ˻þڿĶģģĬĬĬš
ءСӡˣ˼Һ㡣㲻ڣ۸ҡТߡ
Цͷ˿ԼТԴ׵Ȼ̧ͷǸŭ
ԣԡΪЦΪԼͷһϲεТһ߿ĵĸ:ҡ
ҲˣΪʲôҪЦ޷޲ƽָТϵ׺ۼ
ԣԡҶҲˣΪʲôҪҵТǳ𾢵ļ͡
ϵФЦģġ㶯֣ûüòáζիһµ
ѵ֪˾ֻһܿ𣡡Цŭ⡣
ԣԡѵ㲻֪ҾֻСТȻͣ£ĿЦʼţСӣʲô˼ʲôҾֻһܿ
û뵽һСľͰԼﻰ˵ˣЦТŭԼϽЦͷĵЦ漴һ̧ͷղǸĵЦ˲ĳһɫĿڶ˵ôԴѵ㲻֪رÿ𣡡
⻹࣬ТһۣʱͲƽˡ
úõһЦТչʾһ£Լ˵׼⳥ҽҩѣ
ԣζիΪ綼Ѿƽ˵ϣƻʹͳͳŵһˤ˲档
ضŵĸʽıζիﱻٵò˵ΰŴذ壬صѪգ޷ˣٿ󲿷ϻСص˿ڣٲȻǸϵɱ
˵ʱʺϸּۻ۵Ҫҽҩ𣿣
ңТϵ˸Ͳ˴ĺòã
Ҫҽҩѣǵ취ФЦ

 79 

ТǶЦҪǮϰΪӣСӣȱҽҩˣ˺ÿ£ҪɱеءТֱָָǰˣҪ㼰ʱϵҴžҪɱˡ
ЦԣϽТԼ󣬾ؿǰ˵£ء
ЦľٶТͷһֵôһ죬ſЦϣЦߵСӣá˵ֻ꣬èƵģТϲ¡
ζի˶ʱ񺮣⡭⡭Т𣿲Ǳʲôֶ˰ɣ
ҲѾͷˣɱ𽣣Ҫ˷ʱˡ
ЦһļƣϽԼϵСȡТţֶȥ⿪ǼײŵĶ
һ߽⣬ТһߺʵСӣʲô
ЦٺһЦСΡԣʦҵĽ
СΪʦˣТ󾪡Сΰ书Ǻܸϲ֪ж˾ҲŰΪʦǣʱıҾѾʶСҲܿ°һôµΪʦ֪СԺһܲҺܲҵġ
ţݲа˵ҪҲΪʦЩҩͲܸҰ׳ԣҪǮҴͨҾ书ҲҪǮġЦЩҩСκлȻӲԵģֲԼҪԵġڰͨ书ԸСžģͷȴȫͷϣǿǿС˵ҺͦķϣֻһӾͺá
ǶӣТϽʣ뿴ԼǮġ
һǧЦ̾ʱСɫĲ˵ЦѽͦɰģָôˣҲ˼ҪģֻҪһͺˡɣһǧӾˡŵǰһڣһͷԵڵأһЩϲˡ
ТĬȻͬĿЦ˵ûһǧӣУЦҲ϶ɵСʮӵͽܣҲװװľ޿ȥ˵ġ
˵ˣҪǹԹԵİΪʦһǧˡҪǲϰʦҲУͻӸҪ֮ڻӣֻܰҿˡҪһֲ뱻ˣͽծЦ߿ࡣ
ʲô𣿡ТˣǵСεͽܣûӡ
С˵ˣԹ԰ΪʦĺͽܣǲԼĺͽܵġҪծͽܣǾֻͽˣͽһ㶼ǲʲô³ġЦ𵱳С΢ЦߵʱϹŵЦݴӡִᡯתΪϧֱɡ׺ֲб仯̣̲סŵôһ£ҡֻѡԹ԰Ϊʦˡ
ôѡҪ㲻ôѡҵҪûˡ ТͬЦļοСͶڱصãôӳģɡˣСε书ǺܸߵģڽϵҲͦģôʦҲȫǻ¡
ˡЦСεĽϽ˵СΡԡʦ˵ˣҷֱ๫ΪʦԺҪʦҪʦлȻҪʦҪʦҪûûССΣлȻҽУҪݺݵʰ
ţǡТŵ˿ڿˮԺǿҪСĵ㣬ǧдˡСʵ̫ˣɲ뱻ݺݵʰһתͷЦҪ⿪İײϽСӣѲ⿪ҿǲǣҿʦĽСθĽһǷƷüʶʶ

 80 

ЦͷСĽ⿪˽ŵİײ
ǣһӲӴĿҫ۷ޱȵĽôТǰ
ТһʱǰѽסˣŵգգۣգգۣۣȷԼûۻǰĵȷȷһѽոһ˲ΪһСͱء
ðɣһѽТĬĬ˵Լ
ֱĿǰĽТֱ֪ȥѽ
Ҫ˵ǰѺýТǴҲϵġԶ췢ģһӡȻǲ̫һӡҪ˵û붼ûϻôôôһѽĽҪӳĲ˵ǰѽѡһڵһʱԥķĴ˵
Ҫ˵ѽܲֻ˵ڡΪ١һѷǳǳǳֵǮĽ
ֻǰĽʣ˼㡣
ôôĽʣǶ˸ɫʯȻûһ֥ĿյգҪǳһĹʿڸǸɴûƽװΣ˾ͼǶ˼Ĵָļ亱Ľɫ顣
ٿڽڵĽҲǽӲӣ·ǻƽɣӲӱĽһã̵˼۾
⻪ĿĿ𾪵ĽТˣζիҲɵˡ
ȻͻȻֵ겢̫վôһССϣζի˵ھˡ
ֽӲӺƷζĶһֻЩͨ书߸ɴ书һϲͨǮŻҡе𣿵ȻˣܹӲӺƷζ˵زģȻҲʲôһıˣǼ伫ǮıСǣǮûǮص㡣صǡǮûǮĸִָֻױ˵Ķƻǣҫ׵Ҵ˵ĶģȻʲô֣
ԡ
ǿܾҪͳͳˡ
ζի˿ʼΪԼĬˡ

ССӡ㡭㡭ѽġġСΡาʦʦģТڴӴлָ˹ָѽţͰ͵ʡ
ȻˡЦۣĶְϧظǽӲӵĽʡ
Тſڲˡ
ЦҪǮҪӣѡôһʿܻѡĽǷǳֵ顣
ֵСôһѽУСôͻһѽֳ󣬳˱ϢͲдϡǮҡҪߡĽЦͽܴһѽȥ
ѵԼͽӵĽڽϴСζö𣿾һ㶼ΪԼӿ
ТǽӲӵĽͻȻһ
ѵѵ޾׷ֵСΣʿĵСΣ˾СΣŽεŮżСΣѾΪһСΣνĽһСΣ׿бϵαװʵôһƷζϲӲֳˣ
Т˼֮С

 81 

š
ӣˣȿڲ衣лȻֺõЦţһյŵСߡ
࡭СתؿлȻӨӨΪںһͷײǽϰ
лȻϽ²裬Ӱѳɶ֣ҲѾûа취ˣģȥˡ
ôܲȥ롭Сۿһ죬ֱ£ЦͽܵͷΣȻôһѽɽȥˡҡҡΪʦҡҡʣ޷СεͽܣĽĸ鰡
ӣöǣЦǺӲ˾˵ͽܣ˵ͽķû˲̫뵽ͽܣ۲ġлȻϽСӵϸϸο
һǲ̫뵽ˣأҪЦô죿ҵĸ飿СƵ˵Ц书ŵľֻҪһ֣Ϥһ۾ܿڵġ
ˣҪ˻᲻֪Ϊˣһͽͽ㣬ЦġлȻοҪ˻᲻֪Լж£ֶжֲ˭ɵϹĳЦ
Сλ磺ҪЦҵĳأһҲµóЦҵĹϵǡǡһ뵽ԼļͷָܻЦĽЦȥشܻţ泰ЦСβ¡
ӣˣгǼ̫ңѾòڽ¶ˣϵġİᣬɰлȻˣϽͳ˿Сᡣ
๫ҺúڡҪҿЦ̶̼콣ͽ٣һˣѺýͲˡСлȻ˿ҧš
ΪʲôҪȥҵĲؽԼֱѡһѺýأΪʲôҴȥؽҪᾭⷿ·أΪʲôǸʱⷿžƫƫûйأΪʲôƫƫһɨⷿǰѸĽأɺ޵ǣ֮ǰΪʲôҪӦѡһѽأСһЦǰѳ˼Ľдʵ˵ʦԼӦģѡİѽԡ˼ΪһǰȴԶţʧȥʦΣʧȥԽġ̲סѪӿЦԼôȰ˵ôвϷǰѽԼҪʱ򣬻Ž󺰣ڣ޴˽Ĳɽֻá˻һСηŭİ˿ҧˡ
ӡлȻһСĿڣôЦǺӲҲһȻӲǰѽˣ˵Ľ
ӲҪҰǰѾýĽϻƽſϻСԼؽõһѽЦȻ־ֳ󣬷Ҫڽ϶ϻƽſϻСһӢôôıͽܡ
ʱлΪƴҴҽСʵϴӲʮɽǮƹˣִ˶ʮ
͵գϴ͹ʮҲһȫ˻ȥСͷʹĻӻ֣أйȥӦЩˡ
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ʲôˣӿⷿĲȥˡлȻνĵ
ǡǡлΪƵͷŽż⣬ССǱЦߵǸʡ
ʲôСһԾ׹䣬סлΪƵ죬˵ǰѸɺ޳󵽼пӶý͹ģ
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Сɿ֣ɭɭʵôͼʲô
ǮƹŮȥѧԺѧ书ɱ궼ûѡϡ취ѧԺƸŮ
ãǺǮôΪƣȥԸԸÿʮѧѣÿʮӸҵáҪԸ⣬ҾѧԺƸŮҪǲͬ⣬Ƕʮ֮ǰʮ䣬ҲûȥСκ޺޵ҧãǮŪôһѽҾݺݵĳѪ
᲻յ̫ˡлΪСڵϾѧԺѧֻҪһӾ͹ˡ
˵ʲôСŭڣɱȻݹȥ
лΪŵȫһϽһ·Сŵд˵ǰ½Ǯƹ˵Сε
һ֮£ȫǮƹʱϲظ۶գһ¾ʹӦ
ĿǮƹֺǺԶȥıӰǮƹµģܰ۾ϹĶʮٿԼŵģոǮƹִӻ˵ǾõʮƱԼרŴ͸ĳһ󶧽ӣлΪƲãҪĿʵ̫˵㡣

 82 

ߣЦڰֵĸŽʣТڷС
Ǳߣƺѱȫ˵Ѿŭˡ
ʹֶҽ֣ŭָЦĽֱǶҺҵĽ衣ˢһ£ԼĽջʣҲ˷ʱˣɡ˵꣬˹
ЦҲ˲ͽˣϽγѽТһæлǵöҰѽպãɱˡ
ȻֻЦһִ΢֣ͦ΢΢΢΢̽ǰһƯĽȻ˳΢ǰ
ʲôŲЦеТŵؿһۿҪˤڵأҺôһַסһŻʣֻŵӣȻסվˡ
ģζիͷ˶ȻֻƴѪһˡ
ڳļơ⶯ǶȣơǺ֮ǰТĻ˽һģһ
찡ذͬʽΣҪٱƭϵ˾Ǹ˫Ĵɵˡ
ЦڳĽУ֮ǰТƭӣ׹һ²ӲֳͣƣźֱЦǻȥ
ТΪЦģһڵһƣһţ̲סᡮһ
ʱֻЦŲæս΢һ̧һ˧ޱȵһбӳȥ
һƾͰЦˣͻȻǰһӰһɺҼʱһżһתӲ࿪ͬʱһգֳƣЦĿȥ
Ц΢΢һšҽΪģһҲöֱؿڵһƣͬʱսתһĽǶȣ˳һ
æջػյһƣżһԾΪ֮ǰһȥ̫ͣƱôһ㣬ͱôһۣԾʱЦĽѾˣȻеһɺƤ
һԾأͷһԼҼ絽¸һһָ˿ڣѪһε䵽ϡ
վֱ壬Цдſȣ͵͵Ǿû뵽һʽڲͬʹôĲͬСˣһ˵һ߰Ѳм۰Т
ТѾˣ΢΢죬֮ǰĿ͡
찡ЦղʹȥУʽѣ޴󡭡⡭⡭лȻ˵ģνֻӺÿֻˣʵһôҲûеĽ
лȻȻۻ軨Լɵ书ʲôӶ㲻ˣΪʦ̫˰ˡ
ζի˵гϲˮְԭȻǸز¶ĸ֣
찡ԭǵɡ
һǱФЦϺԶ뽭̫ˣˣȻ֪ڽһĸѾʼ˻׵ķˡ
ҲǣȻǽӲӵĽ˵㣬Ǵ˵㣬ʵԻǺǿġ߽̲ˣӽϿٸʲôģͽˡõӣˣֱĽʷ̫ʲôģֱӴϹǵ۾ʡʱʡ·һӢ۾Ȼ˵л֮£һ䡮ڡת뿪ʱϷĽɫâܰеƻã棬Ӣ˷İһôһѽںһս֮ףһˣޱǵͶ޿ջúϢʱҲڱ۵ĵҾ֮⡣
ʵõĺýȻǿᣬѽֻһգǧ꣬Ǹϲϳ˰
̲סȻˡ
ТعȥЦĽ
ֻǽʣǽѽĽȫ
⽣ĽһĽҪխЩЩ
͹ӣһֵɫɫһâϻһСһСĺۼҲǲ̫ӡ
⽣ƺһɭɭĺ⣬ſþˣ̲סëֱ
ƾֱТ϶ˣýһѺý
˵֪һѽôôͽʣССӻǲǰԼѹ׵ıóˡ
ͽȫĻƽ𽣱ٿԼŵĻʣТ̲סǱͶȥͬһƳ
ѽٺãЦĿƻǱȲԼʰ
䵽Сӵ鰵Ͷ

 83 

Լϵˣ˷·벻⣬ֻԼϵ˼ѨֹѪ漴γԼĽ˿ȵ˷ܣֱЦȥ
Цý㵲
ֻһգۼ䣬˱Ѿʮˡ
Т˹Уʱе㲻
˵Цˣֻʽ׺ݣֱָЦҪȥѨĿڣӣԴ˾º֣кһһԥ
ٿЦʽȴ࣬׺ݲ㡣ָָȥЩ򣬸첲ʲôģհǰ˺ԥԥ
һ׺ݽһԥ㡣ЦڶԷ͹֮£ʱ໷
Сӣ֣򡣡ТˣЦ󺰡ôȥЦ㲻ûġ
ТĻЦһࡣҲ֪֣Сֻժˣʹ㣬ڳй˿Ƭʲôģֻûɱһѽֱһ˵ĿͱȥŽȥĨһ˵Ĳӣ
ԥţǱ߿ûҪ·ɿ̣һһ
ЦƵæңЩһУҿÿ죬û£ϵĳȴˡ
һԼТϺóƣЦһ֮£ʱŭ
Ҳܻ᲻ˣץһֱ˵Ŀڴȥ
ϻӽ
ѽһɫһѷҫۣڿഥһ
ЦеĽһ䡮ýȴȵķ֣ΪӲЦԥһɣĽɡ
˵ĿУĽһ֣벻˾ȻɿĽǣôһ㶡
Цսһɣ˶ݵһһһ˵ɨȥ
һʱУֻԾ𣬶㿪Цһɨ
һЦսţһ䣬һ죬һץסԼĽ
Цս֣ԥڰе˵Ľŵ״ȥ
˼״ۿ޿ɱܣһָڰӲŤתԼӣͷ½ϣϵĽöЦĽ⣬˽һ˳ȥ
ЦϷɿ켸ǰǰһָһ˵أЦĽҲѾ˸ǰ
ſŴ󿪵ˣЦԥһ£Ƿ˻˵ĿڣҼȥ
Цԥһ£һ˷ſԼ˫һ졢һУ㽫ЦĽס
ЦסҲ룬ɿ˱ȥݺһȭֱ˵ĸ
˱Цһȭֱɳȥ
Ӳɳȥʱ򣬵ƣŵЦĽֱЦȥԼ֮˼סΣ漴Ҳһȭһ˷ֱܵЦȥ
Цһ㣬˽ֱ˱ƽ
˱һȭһŵĽ
⽣Цֱֱܹļǰֱ̱ڵ޷ζիһڶȥ
ζիһڶҲˣҲûӣֻӯĿǰѽֱֱǵķɹΪ㣬Ϊıζ
ТһƲãϽӢµıȱȰʳþȫǷɹĽһ
ˡŰʵ
Ǹеǰһ̹ǵĺӭŬԼ۾ۼɶ״ԼĶͷϷ漴ͿһӰԼǰȻǱǼ⣬˵ذ塣
ʶۣ˿Լǰɫʲô֮󣬷ɿһ°ĭʱˡ
Т˰ˣ޴󰭣ͷϵ亹̱ذЪЪ
Ǳߣ˺ЦѾȻˡ
˶һȭһƣ֡
ТЦ;鶼ˣȭӻԿһ֮ȴ֣ʼⲫˣЦʼռϷ硣
˽棬ЦԿĸӱҪСҲЩʽ鶯죬תתȥ˾һ취ûС
˵Ҳ죬类ЦƳԽСĵطԽʩչΧţģӲ޷ʩչѲЦΧ
ЦȭƷŷҲأ·ȫûʽһ㣬ʩչ硣ЦתȦֻҪһץſӾȭӡ
ҺýͬЦ¿ûκԥĴģһ㶼顣
Ҫ֪ЦȻڿ书ǿǾǰǸʲô书ƽˡкӣСǼܻûٴĹǻ˵ģǴȭţȼƣ۵ӡ࣬˲ڴҲûʲôˡȫû뵽ڹעȭһ˵ģҪȻɾͲôˬĳˡ
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ûЦأƺ·ȴܰȭƷŷ㶼ʽĶͶ뵽ƽ׹书ȥˡЦʽʵǱ仯ˣѭʱۿž˻ķˣЦʽϾֱˣķӣЦʽȴֱȫͬˡ
ܺĸֹУ˷֮顣

 84 

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С鷿ĴǰһãȻĿա
ӣôˣлȻ鷿Լӹı֣ǰźοǰѽ飿Ǹ˵𣬲õĵģû˻뵽Цͽܵġ
С̾˿лȻһɥ˵ǰܲ뵽Цҵͽܡ
ӣԼӸӣлȻе㲻֪ˡ
๫СлȻ̧ͷؿѵյôͽܣǡǾȻóҫ
֪ԼӾȻΪܣлȻĬȻˡ
ЦʺõˣѣҲ书ʽֻҪԼӵ㲦һͨͨѧġС˵жѧ޾ඨƣŷͬ˵оеʱʱûʽֻ򵥵̣ܻҵĽСյͽܣҡ̫ˡ˵۷⣬ͻȻͽܴһѿ԰ĽɽԲܰͽܹ£ҲͲܰͽóȥҫʱѹ
ӣ̫û۹ˣúõĽҪϲҲֽĶ߽Ầұû۹ûƷζС˵˵ţ̲ס
ĺţֻѧĽԼֿеĽѧ죬ҹеʱѾʽˡС˵ɫȻôͽܣȴóȥҫʹడʹ࣡
ʲôлȻˣӣ˼ǵʦ棬ҲŵĴԴѹ׵ʽЦѾˣ
Сκܿ϶ĵͷ
ǡвֻʽ𣿲˵ȫԼӣӵúս޲ʤӲþͻúѿ𣿡лȻȷʵǳԾˣҪ֪ʽԼò˵ġ
ЦҹеÿζӵýȻ̫Ӱ췢ӣѾĺܺˡ
˵ҪʽҪǿṦһ㣬Ӧ죬ԽϤԼֱһ㣬һҪﵽУҲֳѵľ𣿡лȻ׷ʡ
ǰȻ˵Ц⺢㣬Ṧ㣬ýҲ㣬ԵеľҲоӦǿҪǣ⺢ûо࣬УҲеľѧҲѧȻ򻹲㣬ˡһԼıͽôСζʱһɨ죬ֵ϶Ҫˡ
лȻˡ
Тⱻ۸صذŵУһ£ТļǵãԼТô˵ġ׽Ӱÿ⣬һöûУֻˡֻҪڳУ֪˻ᵱǾ֡Ͳˣ˼һӾͻ֪ʵǸݰˡ
ǣû뵽ЦֻԼѧô̶̼죬ȻˡºˣԼյǸѸͽܿʽҪԼˡ
๫㿴ѵôõͽܣǣȴȥҫǡܼˡ룬ͽȴóȥͱҫǵڽҹУһȤҲˡСüһʹࡣ
лȻԼӵˣΪǰѽӲӵĽȡЦ᲻÷ҫͽȤԼӱǰѳЦȤֱҫͽܴԼ˵ǺҪͽܴش
ĺȡᰡлȻԼ˿˼֮С

 85 

˺ЦŴţԽԽȡ
ôУûҵЦЦʽ·û塣ûмпգʽ
֪ЦûʱúѧһƷȭǽŷСΪʦԺ̶һʱ䣬Сص̵ǽƷȭŷֻü˻ʽ
ЦڴǰѸеڼͽϺĲ̯ϵҵСܡ
˵ͷʲôʽģȻǸŸоˣȭȭƳƣųţȣţ伫ҪָײЦżצ
˲֪Ц书
һҲģ׼Цʽ㡣
Ϊ˻ҩѾֻʣ˲ɵĹЦԶԶԼֻҪȥʤһԼ
ТϢˣ˺Цһתѧϰ֮ǰµ˶ѻǿܿǰӵľ˺š
ûǱ£˲֪
˱Ц̫ǿˣǸڲԸ
ǱߣТźӣϽԶԶһȥ
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Ŀŵı޳ܾٶֱ
ۿЦƵ˾ҪӰˣһֳƣһֺɨסԼ·ͬʱһɨǰѻܿεĶɨ÷顣
ЦһֵסһƣһֻһֵţͬʱŹעֱ˵ҽŽֺݺݶȥ
ЦһֻҽŽֺһʹԼҽŽֺԼǱֻ
ʹʲôҽžˡҧҧӲ
ТֱԶһǣЦʱ򣬵ݸɫýŵĳָָ컨壬ָԼ۾˸۵Ķ
Цһɫʾס
ТܵԱһӱߣӻͳСš
ЦֲТղýŵطȥ
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գǱЦóˡ
һ˱Ц˵ԼָĵطТСһӣһɼϸ
컨ĺϣһֻ£һɫķĩ֮¡
׼Цһ߳̽۽Ծ
Ȼ̾裬Ҳˣһ㣬Ծ𣬺ɫķĩѾͷ¡
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̷ʹɵ˫һʱ޷ſ
ŭ󱲣ȱ޳ܵļҡ
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˵±һߵüѪ
ﱰ޳ˣһԼ׼ԸФЦۻЧТﵽȽϰȫĳȥˣ˵Ľ̽ͷϵص㣬˸ٿҼСӣССôˣǿ۸ҼСӣѵͲɲ޳ˣ˵֮ǰ۸޸֮šТһ֮ɫָŵŵһˣ㣬ϵģôˣʮֻ۾ŵġܱ޳ҪҪҲǲܵģ
㡭˱˵ЩʲôͱЦһƷϡ
Ų۵˱û˵Цü޻֮ԼȫݣТɤӣ˵
Ҳ֮ǰô۸ҼСӵģҼСĵΪֱȻ书Զ֮ϣɻǹˮһֱ㣬Ÿ·أⲻжҲˣ˸𱨣һбһкݶֱҼСɱ֡Թ°Լ˵ϻҵҪ޳ܵ𣿡
Тһһ˵ţһָָŵһѣ˵ŴҲһˡһţһô޳ܵ˼СˣȻ˵ҼֱСӱ޳ܣǻϻûû幫ģТһȻı飬ֱָָˣɫٲȻǶĵ°ܻʹļס
˵úðŲܶζիˣԼТ˵֮̾顣
˼λ˵ı޳ܵĲָֻСӰɣҲзݵģҪԼƲôòá
ǿס۶۾Ĵ̼ŬŰ۾һӦЦѾ÷ˡ
˼һɢֱЦץסʱ˼ȭȣѪڡ
ѪڵģТ˵ͣ졣
󱲣֪˭ҹܵ˼ҵķִɱģĴһڣŶɸô˲𰡣㣬ҲֻĵСɻŰ档ٸ㣬ЩĵСɻڽǿʵšŶТһָˣȻ״󱲶棬Ҳ桭ԭ󱲣
Т˵Ǹ˻ѾˣҲЦˣתֻТڵķȥ
һתŴ󿪣ЦҲϽһıȥ
һȥ˱ǰ˳ȥŽֺʹվȣѾԶˡ
зۣȷТλãҪ֣ȴЦһߵ
ŬҪТѾųľ̳ʹȫ̵ͷ˹
ͷѪƽˡ
ЦһŲԼǺַϸѨһͨҵҴ
ТҲǰһŲˣһ߲ȣһߵ֣ܲм˵֣Ҷ򲻹ӮҼСӣֱΣ㣬߽ҪʵģͲе󱲣ð䲻˸ֵġʹٱ޳ֶܵΣҲһҵ°ܽ
Ѫˣһһڵ¡
Ц˴ԼָٿѪµúܻˣȻ̫϶ТʵѵҲСĵѨ
ᡣҪǱѨӦþˡĲ̫׼ҲðˣĻ³ôѪТܿ϶˵֮ǰǼ£ࡣϸѪ¡ţǷԼʹ˸޳ֶλǱҴˣһʱܲˣѪĵѪɡ
รԭЦûĵͷӵ䲻𡣡
ǣ˺ôһѪ
ǱѪġ
Уʲôʱ˱ܵˣ
ζիһТ


 86 

Тó룬ЦѨĻ˼룬ñ֤ʮʱ֮ھԶˡ
ζի˳һԲѵİ֮⣬һŬТŸʽۣ˵šҩǽҩ
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ТߵǱϣ£ЦҪҩԲԣ
԰԰ҪҩҪܶ
ζի˿εؿТ
ТЦǸ˼ǺܹãԸոǸĲõҩԼġ
ʲô˼
ζի˵˲̫õԤС
Те㲻˼Цûнҩ
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һ˵꣬ܲεģڵ϶õζիڲˣһͷЦȥ
СӣҺ㰡ֵгһ죬һ˷ܡ
ҲǰЦ˼ͷȻҶʱͦ鷳ģǰûͦǵġ
Сӣúһݡ
ʦһԶءТһݵĿţЦ̲סеƮƮȻ
Сӣ㲻ڣϱ۸ˮһԹԼָЦϲҵ
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Сӣ㿴ҸɻɵֶˡЦ
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ȿТɰίֱƤ񡭡
찡Т㲻е𣿾㳤úƯǸͦġСӡϿͦǶͦĿģҲڸǸеһʵ

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ǱӣĻֻζիɨ˼ֻۣȤЦТ´š
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㿴ʲôʲôÿģТȲޡ
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̫ϧˣѵôһǵ˶ȴƫƫŮһ˵ţһϧҡҡͷԱҲǣúܿƫƫǸŮվһ𣬵ͦÿġ
ʲô
ζիˡ
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ѵ˵
˰ѸղһԴﷴķһ£ǲôȥ˺ֻõһۡǰǸúܿ书ܺãովһТŲġꡯȻǸŮģ
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ԼˣЦŮʲôϵ
ĹǰṦõáƮʲôġ
ʲôˣТʵ
㲻ʶˡһаӢһ˼⣬ܿ
ֻشûشʲôТסʣȻزʶ֪¼λζիкιɣ
˵ҲǸɴ࣬һҲˮֱӵĻش𣺡ɱߣ

 87 

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ФЦѽФЦ룬㿴㣬¸ɶ˰ɣӦ˰ɡһŵĵɱ㱳ڹ
ΪʲôһҪۣŪ⸱
찡Ǻ޹ģϽФЦְɣıӦԼȥܺˡ
ɱ˭˭ߣТһţһ߽Цڻİ˻С
ҪҩԸǾͲˡµ΢Цţ΢ЦаֳӢ
еĶҲҩҲãҶûõġ˳ӣ˼ֿŵŵһüһֺصҩζҪû´ĻлȻƵҩģ߼Ҳûнҩֻܻ⡣ҪǱǿϱ࿹ǿԶסТЦˣܳϿҵ˵ֶһҲûС
һתֵʵɱǸСָָɫ԰׵ڵϵǸӡ
Се鷳Ѳ˹ϵТͷˡ
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ТͬĿǿſ۵Ǹӡ
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ұƻͦõģɱСٰеɱɸɾȻһжƵϡǡҡҡͷТ漴һգգĶЦҿͻȻе㲻̫ôˡ
ʲô˼Те㲻ǰһЦ
ҵ˼˵Һϲ˵ָָЦ
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Ȼִ㣬иĻһֱʱ䣬иĻԵȵФЦ
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ТٸвæҪʲô
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ЦһץѽץС
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ТֻӰһһӳζի

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սӣʮ˾͡òǲֻϰ׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ촽ȴ޺Ѫ
һţһƻŮŵǸӱ
漴㿴ǰü磬ôΪҲĵܵܣ㡭
δ˵꣬㱻ǰһȤĴˡȤȻˡұɱıܵܣ㵽޺ͷϡˣǾͲˡ
ȻϤúܣȻûбĻֻɫӲ԰Щ
Ҹ㣬ȷȷʵʵɱܵţֻûɱɶѡӺȤ̯̯֣ˣҲԲˣֻˡ
ӻһ˵ָָ꣬ТһŮץסʣǸ
һ˵꣬һ죬һֻɫףһŲһЦȥ
Цһ²һʹһ·Ϊ·ѾΪṦ
ʹṦСԴġӰ
Сγһҹ֮Ľʮ֣Ľҽüɹ֮Ľҵȫ֣ȫСĽɽׯڣȴСĿ֮ʩչṦѡ
ԴˣСһս翵ṦҲ˽ĺ䶯ΪѾܺͽṦΪ˽ĵṦ
ҡӰΪʩչӯ鶯ЩŮеλԶṦҪߡ
˵ЦڹҲ㣬ٶȻ죬ƲôҲӯʵõѾˡ
Цһ㿪˰ӵһץŲһͬһӯƮ䵽Тԣһץס㿪ǶŮļл
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찡ФЦ뱧ͷȥʹ֣ҵζի֮ǰߵʱúõİ
űƻĿȫǲӵζիФЦҭˡ

 89 

ФЦò״ζիٵлָһѾʹѵĲ쿴Ц˿ڵТ
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ͿʼˡСﷴζիĵطɱʱζիʧ̫󣬳˼ΰʴźͼȴӣĶúõġ
С˱ƽˣǸŮ˾ָ¶Ƕ֡ۿҪӮˣǼˡТһ˵һ߰ѵϵһһָФЦ뿴ȵʱ򣬻ζիĴӰʲôѾˡǽϵļҲѾˡ
⼸ͦˣҾһлȻรǣҾһʦҵҩ˭֪ҶˣһǵȺ˵ͷúõġرǸԼҵͷѪָФЦ뿴ãʱҼСӵˡ
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ТȻ϶ФЦʮа˾Ϊ˶թЩڻˣһеɻҲ̲סȥذ塣Ͽ¿ҿǿԼÿ춼Ҫϴһľذʲô֮
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нҲӣ䲻ʲôȴҲüǮФЦĿʼѪˡ
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ФЦѾеˡ
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ФЦ뿴Ц۹Ѿʼе㲻ͬˡ
ТԺС˵һ㶼ͬ飬Ͱ
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˵ФЦФСλТҵġСӡƤ

 90 

ԼӺͻ·ˣλЦ١εŮһԼϵ·ֵЬϻǶż飬ʱˡҧŴۿֱת
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ˣòǸղǸ϶ʲôֽţʲôҩФСʧ˰ɡ
һ뵽ˣТϽ֣ȥ̽̽ФЦûоˡ
ФЦ֪˼ûһ㣬ӵİТһۣ㵱㰡밵ôס
תͷŴ⿪ڣѣѾͦˣɡ
ФЦ뻰䣬һӰζի
һһµˡ
һģһװ磬Тò¶֪Ȼ߸Ѳ˸ϵ
һζիܽѡ˸ФЦЦԶĵطվţۺܷĿФЦЦһ߿˫ֱ߲Ľ˽Լ
ФЦЦһˡ
һФЦЦ˶۹תԼϣ̲סôһ
ָָ߸ˡ߸ˣߣǰۡ
һµ·ФЦۣʨӴ󿪿ڣһһˣۡ
ã˵Ǽɴֽ࣬ƱָһƱƽƽɳ
ФЦָһ죬סƱ
һһŵһš
ФЦʱֵ춼ϲ£ˣɿĴԼ
ˣĴˣЩƻζի˵Ͳͯ
ϲ̵ĿǺŵˡ
ЩҲˣͳͳǻƳγνӲӵδԪ
ФЦƱһµ˱һ˴߸ǰæеҩ
ãФЦˬͷٸһͰǰϵҩˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻֽóһƱָһ
ФЦӹƱ˿Цս
ǰָΪЦסѨֱТǸ˽Ѩ
Ѩ⿪һץ׸Ǹһµˡ
ҽҩǶַ⴫ȴ˵ȥҰʣеҩˣȻǳžˡФЦӣڳһɷнµӡ
ȲĴФЦ׸ˣһһݣѸٵʧζի
ФСҪǽҩҩԣТʡ
ǵȻǮˡФЦ밴һƱˡ
ǲҪˡǽҩҩԣȻģҪǸĳûͻȻϮǴҲȫˡ
ʲôʱ˵ҪǽҩҩˣФЦۣص΢Ц
бĽⷨТϽ׷ʡ
ǵȻˡФЦТ֣Ҹ㣬ֻҪҩܵ޴ġ޷ܵĴ̼ܶˡֻֽⷨܶ˵ȴǻᱻס
Тͷԭˡ
ʲôǾ޴ġ޷ܵĴ̼ТҲФЦ̡
Тܸ֪ЩѨȥͻʹʹʹɡФЦЦһĲ⡣
Щ˿ͨˣ㲻úܻʹǲûʲôЧˡТˣֻǺʹʹʹӦܵסġ
ҲܵסֻʹһʹФЦյЦ˭ҵĵϵңһ¡
֮أТȤŨ
ﲻһ޺Ƶ𡣡ФЦЦݸӵĲˡ
Ǻմôһ㣬ͺҪҪȰˮܻһޣТеˡ
һޡФЦͷȰǶһ飬ǵ죬һһ׺Ƶ
١١١ТͷӶЦЦüգĲ⡣
ТһЦݣֳһ룬úܳϿҵĿ˵λ磬ͰҰϵҩԽˡ
˵꣬Т䣬ɿһ¡
ֻһһľʹȴҲͷΧ֮ڡ
Т¶ɿ죬ֻһͰ˻˸顣
ܣȴҲʹһ亹
ζիһֻľҲ亹ֱð
֮ǰТФЦĽͷӶ˲̫õԤˡ
û뵽ȻµֵزҪ֪ТȥѨǻ˾þʹġ
찡ֽ̫ⷨˣԻʹˡ
еͬһҩţԣҩԵĽⷨӦһİ
찡ǿɲԲôֲĽⷨ
ТɣһѲĹ򣬾Ѿȫ˵Űһ顣
˵ζիһǿĲЦҲ̲סҪΪǼһ֮ͬᡣ
Ȱ˶꣬ТĨȥͷϵĺٶȺܳϿҵĿڣλ磬ѧҲȻûܽ˴ϵҩԡ
ǼܾŰ˼ûеѪ
ζիһڶʱΪҡ
û취ˣҲܲ˽ˣֻðҼҴģܽٶϡҩóˡТһ죬ФЦϺϵķһܷɹޡ
Тֽӹ򿪡
Т֣ФЦַһֻס
ТҨһ׺ɫĶФЦְһ˵һ㣬¶죬
Т΢ЦţĶι
һΣЧͼӰ
һҽУֱһһƴĶ¡
ˮˮˮˮƨһζիȥ
һӡФЦ뻰δ䣬Ѿһ˳ȥ
ۣõѧʲôṦͱṦТĿ˵ıӰԶȥ̲ס̾ˡ
̾ϣТӣ΢Цһȥ
˾ֵУФЦ΢Цħơ
ţТ΢Цӡ

ۣˮˮ˫ֿԼĺҲƵܳζի֮ǰǸʧķɱȥ
ܵҲТ΢Цһȥ֪ܶ졭

ǣ֮ĺ̵ܶһʱζիﲻϵĴ˺ѷεĲҽͷź۾˾ȵٶͬһ񱼶ȥ
ζիŵñ۾
ֻϧ۾յȴС
ֿµһ˿©ֱǵĶꡣ
Ӷֱ굽ŵľëȻ
찡ذǲҪʲôҩҩˣŲܶˡ
Ȼڲܶ˵ǺúõĻһС
ҩҪǱТַˣǵ˵ˣСҲʣ°ˡ

 91 

ТװĴɹޣһδӣŵЩϿȥ
۹ɨģһսľмǸɴۣװ
Т۹תǺӵĸϣתתʵҪҪǮҰıܵܽϵҩ
Ѿ˹ϣӵվТô˵һԥĿ˿Լ޷ĵܵܡ
̧ͷТĴɹʵ֪еĵʲôҩΪҩ˰ԵղЩ˵Ĳ״е㵣ǡ˵ʵɲ뻨ǮԼĵܵԼܵϵҩҩȷʵҪ⣬Լڵ״ûа취Сܻϵҩԡ
Ѽҩɲ򵥡
ѵ˾ȻʶТǸ˵Ϊϸϸ˵ҩȡԺɽɹǧ֥ǧ˲ΣǧĺЩϺϡҩģټϴ֮ϲɼʥˮضʱܷƶɡ
ТиĴɹޣҩܻˣ׹ǣȴСã˽ҩҩȻԵЩǼʵ̫ǳһʱܲҲҩȥȻںܶݵʱôһܣȴǿ٣ܾҼ
Тһͨ¶Щ΢ɵɫ
ղҲۿģҩǼˣոܳȥʱһṦûá㿴һܳȥٶȣԼǧԶҪĪһôô죬ǿҸǷµҩ ˺е㲻ŵӣТϾٳղŻʵ
ϵɫеԥ
ҪϹˣǲһرررĳѡ
ζիһТ컨׹ĺ˵˵һ϶˵Ϲⷽ棬ТѾФЦ洫ˣպһʤ
ƽһ֣ſڵĺӣֶʶ֪үЩææۻһֱæĿһ㶼ͬġ
οҪҪǵܾܵͲζիǵܵܲҲ䵽ҵ³
׵˶ԣֶͬǶġТƭԽңǾԽˡ
Ȼ󣬴ҵͷͻȻתͬһȥ
ͽʶ֪ƽʱһǲġ
һˣͻȻԵļƷ
١١١
һѹεͶТ
ƭ԰ɣƭ԰ɣƭȥɡ
ТһҲûʧ
һŵӣ˵ٶҲ档ˣղСеķϣҾһºˡԼԹˣپҪҪܵúˡТϹŴޱȵ΢ЦһְѴɹ˹ȥ
ȻТһͬԥȥǸɹޡ
ۿ˵ԽԽζիһڵԽԽá
ǣ˴Тнӹɹ޵һ˲ȴһԲӰһ˴ɹޡ
ζիȸԾĶʱ˹ȵףһƵĿͶФЦ롣
ʲô˼ۿҪɹƭԼȥȴһ񣬱ФЦ뻵˺£ТдΪŭФЦ롣
СӣҵĲ·ФЦ׺ݵעТУвȻĻյЦݣСӶк³ġ
ТϺԥЦߡФС۸ҼСӣ
Ц죬ոտʲôûҪвТвˣҪ۽ȥ
ФЦТֹһܿЦݣ˵ҩãҩȷʵǿ˵㣬λӣĵܵСˣ̫飬ҩ²ס
ǲ֪ǰǷбİ취
ﻹһּܽҩ־ԲĽҩФЦ΢ЦţһоڲС
Ҫ٣ȻФЦ˼
һ
⡭죬˵ʲôȴеԥӡ
ѵǾ̫ˣФЦһϽټӵô˼ҡ
һץТȽҩԣѰܵˡ
ƾʲôТˣƾʲôĽҩҪһӣҸ˵Ҫѣɣ
ˣҰǷҵծһôФЦϵһߣ
ǷծЦˣҶôǷծˡ
Цע֮£Те㲻̫˼ץץͷҵ֮󡭡ȷʵǷһծ
ж٣Цʡ
ǧٶТͷһЦ𾪵֡
Ǹ㵽Ҳû೤ʱɣôа취ǷôһծЦ𾪵ÿܼӵТĲ̧ͷ
ңҲԸģǱƵġТָФЦ룬ҪҵФЦ롣
ФЦ룿
Тͷ
Ц°ФЦϸϸһ顣
ǰԲģһŰһװۣԲԲͨӡ֪ΪʲôЦȴһ˺ܲöԸĸо
ҲСģФЦ
ǵġЦͷʦ㲱ϴӲĹΡФЦҲ͸֪ԼТʲôˣЦҲͲԼˡ
СεͽܣФЦʵ
Цͷ
ФЦҲͷһȻӡ˵أСôرÿһ´СԭǸǰվġ
ʲôСرÿһ´ТɭɭıƹҪǡرÿһ´ΪʲôҪҰˣͲµ˱ˣ˼Ǯ
⣬⣬ǳ в
ǣǣղһˡ˵رÿ⣬ҲҽǷͬһ㡣ФЦΪТˡ
ߡڻڳҷŹϺˣпˣСһúʰ㡣
ФЦԾѾТȥˣתͷϸϸİЦͷźúôһ
ǰᱻӢŮһ֪Ǹĺòϡ
ʰФЦͷ
ЦղëĺֶΡ
ǷͬһĺʰФЦ̲סٵͷ
ܲФЦĵͷҪĹΣǾ취Լá͵ҲԣҲԣ֮ʲô취ԣֻҪõǾˡ
˵꣬һֻӵФЦתȥǺӵĸ磺λӣһܵܽϵҩټҽѸܵˣ㿴ɺá
ȵȣûФЦ˵꣬ЦϴҪТҲУðеծ˲С찡ôûסȻǷô޴һʣԺԼֻд粽ĶС
ֻθˣǧôɡФЦͷҡ˹ģծ
ծȫټӸ˵ĵĻˡЦټӵô
ФЦŬּۻۣҲô࣬⼸ֵǮ
ФЦ뻰һڣֻñһ
Сͷһ˶٣ַɿİͷת˻
ÿ£ĳƹͨͨúÿºÿµ
ФЦĨĨϱų亹
ԼӻѾǵ˺üˡ
ˣŭѷֻܳԵˡ
áɡΪ˷ֹԼµĻƣΪ˱ԼζիңФЦֻסʹĴӦ
ãЦʱüɫ裬ФЦʹĺ˵ˣܺĵ˽档
λӣɲҪ׬뿴ֻҪһǾͻܵϵҩֻǵҽܵˣܻġλҽСҽǶɣ֤һĵܵܡЦТļ磬һĵӡ
Сӣ̫ң
ТжҪˡ
Сܵ˿ɲᣬҪһӻҪҵĲҽɰ
Ǻӵĸ翴Це㲻̫˼ĵһֻǡ˴Ǯˡ
ФЦˣѵĲ˾͵Ϊֹˣ

 92 

ûǮô˵ФЦ벻ˣûǮ˵˷ôʱ䣬̫ˡ
ǮûǮТҪĻ˵ġ¹ش󣬹˲ФЦ뻹ģЦϽյŵФЦߵǧծȻѾӦˣǾͱ뷴ˡ
ôСФЦһԲԲĿͼԼʧôҲٻһǧɡ
ҪǮûУҪһЦܸɴİТƵФЦǰ˸㣬ԼŰɣ
㡭ôЦְ׵̬ȣФЦ̲סҪᱼˡ
СӣҶ֪ԭҵֵֻһǧӡЦһǧӿñԼҪТŭˡ
תЦɭɭһЦƵĳ˻Ƿӡ
Ц֣ĵЦ
ĳ˺
ЦϵЦݱøˣֻ޲ܳβƴҡΡ
˵ǸǷӣĳ˰еƱȥܣҳ˷Ǯ䵽ФСҲ䵽Ƿǧٶӵĵز
ЦͷأʾԼոչݾٶİû֮顣
ҲͲҪζիۻĵۣҪȥͷƴ챻۸ТصԼлٺ׵ǿԼ۸жҡ
ЦʱԼء
ǡТ΢΢ͷۣǴһĨЦһįӰɪһ̾ɬĵǾĳ˻ǾһǧӱһҪѩ׵ҧź촽۽⸡֡
ҴˣЦѵȥסТĴȿԭ¡
ˡТ͵ЦȴɱֿЦԹ԰˵֪ģʲôûҪʲôһΪôҲϦദôһʱ䣬Ҳǹѣܻôһĵλ˭֪ҡȻȲһǧӣ˵꣬ԹЦһۡ
ҴˣĴˣТǳЦĸȻ֪ˣԭҺòá
ҵѾ͸ˣ֪ʲôáТĿᣬĿãȻһİߣҪԭ㣬´λһΪӲҵ¡
ѵԼԶҲòԭˣ˺İģЦֱ׹ھεԨ֮С
ǡТһתЦֹ
ʲô Ц·𿴵һϽ׷ʡ
Ϸģ֤ӽԺһ°ҷλһΪءТҧŴǳϣ¶һ˿ڴ˺ӵ顣һҪ㷢̹ĵĶĲУԲŻ᳤ԡ
÷ôذɡ
ТȻʧ֮ĿˮҲԽԽࡣ뷢ģ㣬ܵġ첻Ƶ㷢ģҾݡ
ЦòϣТǳúЦѹһ
ǣǰТۿҪ滨̬Це㿴ˡ
ТĿЦӣյһЦ
ֻǷһĶѡѵ˵㶼Ը⣿ݽҧס˴һܾίӣӯӯˮԹƳЦ
һƳ֮£ЦʱԵߵ
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͸ϽТ¶⻹õЦݣЦ޷ֵǸǷȥ˾⡣ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ЦˣԶҩûϵ
£Цˬľ֣ʼĶġ
ϣЦڶ췢ģ֤ӽԺһ°ТλһТΪأΥԣԸЦ˵ТһӰס졣
˵ôذТɿЦϵָ֪ΪΣе㷺졣
٣ʵ̫ˡЦжĿԱȣʱԼ֮ǰΪʵ޷ԭ¡
ҪΥԣ췣ӽ󿴲ӣƱ׬ӣ񲻵ͭ壬κ챦䵽ϾͱɷͭТԽ˵ЦԽࡣ˵꣬ЦѾһͷ亹ˡ
⡭⡭ֱ̫ˣ֮£ȽϺð
ô뷴ڣТ׺ݵһƳȥ
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ղŻһӣôһӾͱ׼ôԱô졣
Цһ͵͵ֹţһТ֮¿ڷġ
ϣЦڶ췢ģ֤ӽԺһ°ТλһТΪأΥԡ̧͵͵ТһۣƵв֮£ǿǿ϶˵ȥΥԣ췣ҡӽ󿴡ӡƱ׬ӣ񡭡ͭ塭κΡ챦䵽Ͼͱɷͭ
Цɫף촽òײТļල°ֺܶݶĶķꡣ
ðɣȻôгķ˶ģҾԭˡĿĴﵽТ˻֣һܴȵӡ
һĿȫФЦ룬ͬ鷢ֻصĶĵЦһʱͬķģĴ󷢣ȥζիСĳ˰ӳȽŶе㷢ɫҰײҵЦ¡
Ǿ˵ˣТҵĻˣҰծһǧֻҪٻһǧͺá
ФЦһ仰˲һҰЦһӴ
ҪǮûУҪҵǻһЦԼؿڣԼŰɣ
㡭㲻һӸ㡭ЦФЦһᱼĳ嶯
ҲˣҪǲ˵£Ҳ㶼ˡТİɣҽҩ
ÿζϮңҶΪűƻֵġһûҪѹѣȻҪҽҩѡҪծɷթФЦ뼸һ߸ߡ
书ôߣƾТôŵõ㡣㣬ôƯ⸱ӡ֪֪Ưò˵ȻԼģǳվԼƽʱֿΧˣͺңʱʱ̶̿ܿĿڰˣҿûôˣʧôġ˵ҽҩѣǲǻøҪʧѣ
ʧѡФЦһδˣղŲ˵ҽҩѵôֳʧ
ԣҽҩһҪҵʧѡ
ҲŲĪʧѣ
ǺãͱȽϴķϣһϣʧѾˣֻҪҽҩѾͺá
ʲôʱ˵Ҫҽҩˡ


ζիһںĽĿЦФЦﴽǹս
Тðͷ
ǣڵ϶ʽ򡭡
ءءء
ТһȣǵǺÿÿడ
ζիһںĽТ˿վţĿԼղŰЦϵָ
Сӵ촽
Тһ졣
ԼЦ촽ָɵԼŵʱ͵׵Ц졣
Тӵĺˡ
ʹһЦ촽ָŵԼĴϡ
Т׹Լʲô֮üҪγѪ
ûаָԼ촽ƿֻǺƣɵɵվš
ϣƲסģ¶һ֮Цݡ

 93 

ۿЦФЦԽԽң˶Ѿʼӣ׼Ҫʹˡ
ۿζիҪչһս
ҺʱǸΪûǮԱһʽ־ȵеĸ磬̲סվѾӾ׼ֵˡ
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ҪˣĬͬʱջ֣ʼѾϵӷ
ô˵ЦԹΪһǧӰТˣȷôµĶġ
дǷǲֲʶ㣬һºʣһȥأҲˡФЦһֿܣԲԲһš
ǰģǶȻ˸ϽФЦظ֤
ФЦ뻹һԥӡ
ˣ㿴ûʲôѺġЦ˸⡣
ФЦϺεĿ
ϰ˰֮ȴҷҼС֮ܳ󣬼ŸһʱæҲûʲôֵǮѺĶ
ФЦʧԲԲĿ
ʱɫڻָТ˹˵Ȼˣ͸ɴıܵѺˡ
԰ТĽ飬ФЦ۾ǸⰡͰĵܵѺˣ˳㻹ҽˡˣղŵһֻǽҩ˵ļǮܵܿǽ鷳ԴͷΪֲҵʧʱ㻹ҪΪ⳥ܰߡ
ãȻԥһ£ҲܿʹӦˡ
ТбŲܶСյЦˡ
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ܵТͼıǸͷһ
磬ҪҪ
һᱻ۸ĺܲҺܲҵġ
ֻϧ⺢ӵĸȻûתФЦ
λ˵ģҵܵ˱ǰΪҼСܽϵҩ֮һˡûбѵģҲ뷳ǰæϵҩҴߡ
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ðɡ˴һߴһڵǶѺϿȥ
Цϡ·𿴵˶ͷ鴤ôһ¡
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ȻʮֻһСûбѣҲѾǸܴܴĿˡ
ЦֶʵͶֵúϲ£ФЦ롣
˲ôһ׬ʮˣĽˡ
ЦսȭˣһҪú䡣
ԼФЦĳ̶ȣҲҪһζիרŵҡԣӦרŵǮҡ
ȻԼǰЦ۾ҲФЦһɾдʵӽˡ
õԸЦΪԼĿꡪΪһ֡
ǾǰȰܽϵҩ˺ФЦ빰˹֡
û⣬ȥýҩФЦֺǺǵĴӦתķȥ
ФЦ˳ûһְͷӳ̽Т֣ȥ
ТȻ֣˹ȥ
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ТлȻҩϻаɡФЦЦеʣһŸҡ
㲻Ҫ˼ýҩҪҩʲôТɵĿ
ҪҩʲôФЦյߣСТҸ㣬лȻҩԼǽҩָָϷŵһֻ룬ֻҪҩܻҾϼڣˡȻˣֻܶѣǻָˡֻпԼ֮˹ºŻָ
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ФЦ뿴Цԥˡ
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ФЦɫȻܽҩҾƣ˸߲һϲɫЦТӳζիһûһء
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ζիһڣ»ޱȳ羴飬ޱеЦͷĤһһ顣

 94 

һǧʧô󰡣ФЦһʹţһǸһھơ
ھһȥûһǸӹȻܶˡ
֮ܶĵһ飬ŴӵסԼ½ǣͷĵ磬ҲҪ
ΪǸסû취û̫ǮֻܰѺˡģһȥϴǮ㡣
ҲҪǺӱ죬һҪ޳ӡŲҪһ˱ôµĵطôµļ˴һ
ΪǸɫΣӵͷҪ㲻һҪ͵͵ţҲξĻòãģ죬ͻˡ
ǺӿԼεɫԥ˺ܾãǿǿǺðɡ磬һҪҡ
áĿԼĵܵܣתͷֶТĵλӣܵܵ˾ˡ
Тȥ̽̽Ǻӵ
ãܵ˵õҲ̫ءТһ˵һߴӻҩǺӵȳҩٸҩͻˡӦúˡţ¼ǵһҪҩӵԽԽá
ǺӿТƽ޲ʵ򰵲زӿһ󲻰̲סԼ
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Ϊ˵ͷܵܵͷҲǸ˵ˣа취ǷҪ˫񲻿ɣ㲻Ϊ絣ĵģô
磬ûϵģҺǸ϶˵ˡ󣬵ָˣҰ񶼻ǣͰϵĹƽˡǺһ˵ţһСİӻóֱĻ磬״ѾԽԽˣȥԺϱչˡǮ͹ˡ
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ô˵ǺӱסԼĸ첲Ҹ簡Ϊ˸磬ΪʲôӦõġ
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ã磬һǵԽԽðǵһҪӿסһṦõģҪʵҲṦرõģҸõģٸƥаǵһҪǣһ·ܲϢͲҪϢˣԽϹԽðǺۿŸҪˣٿӵϷТл̻̲̲סһٶ
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СС˭ȻҼСӡ鷳ףһԹ۵ģһһٲһŵġ

 95 

Тһ΢ЦǸ㷲СǸʣһھƵĴ롣
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ģһŵӡ
Ȼġ֪ģҴûƭ㡣̾ϢĿ
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˻ûվŲˡ
ТȥСæФЦЦǺǵջظոյסѨָ
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ФСӦߵġ۵ФЦ롣
˭˵ˡФЦίӣɸոТľֽζի⸱ӣĹʵ̫ˣҪҪЩ⳥źáЦҴ⳥Ȼߵġ
̲ۼФЦ벻š
٣
ʮаɡ
УФЦӦĺʹ죬Ұʮ̲ǵҪҡ
Ǯ㣬ͰҳסѣûҹǮ۲ˡ
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㡭ô֪ģΪԼ֪ĺۣˡ
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ˣʮ컹㡣Ͷˡ
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ТţŮˣԶ̤ذ벽ˡ

 96 

Զˣ̾˿
ûлӿϵ˸ѹ֮ФЦļ硣
ۣҿ㶼ûôˣͲϢˡͰҰǵӡǵЩǷȥФЦԼдõһǷ˺۵Ļ
ΣӲɡŭˡ
ФЦֻûһȸ¹ƣºù֮ٸһһøǽҩˣҪǵȰǴӱȥȻҪıˣһǷͰдˡ
ޣǸǶǶҩ˳𣿡۲ˣԼľԶʳǶҩݲС
ãȻô˵ФЦһӺܿź۵ǹ
ҪܳһֲҾͰ˺ˣɡФЦϵЦţǹ۵ȥ
һ޾ػɰ
۲ΡΡ֡
ǡ治һ
ԼƳ󣬺ÿմһ㣬ͽԼﳢ˳ζ֮ôƨһˮһͷ˽ȥֱȵĶ޷һʹࡣ
ѾȥֲΡΡ˻
ǵʱа϶ĳǲܻʧܵڵʳġΪֻԼͷĳѣӲζիÿһ˳˳
һ죬һζիﵣʮΣܹʮͰˮ
ҴӴ֮⵽ζի˵Թޣһڿɱˡ
ֻһúòײſطǮɽ亣ζƽϢ˴ҵŭ
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㲻ҲУϾôΧų㱻ǹڳͷϵӺˡФЦЦеġ
һУ۱ףФЦ룬Ҳ̫ûƷˣ֪֪ʲôԵ·ˣ书۸ǡ
ΪʲôҪԵ·ˣȭͷͿ˷ˡФЦһӣҾ书̫ˣҾҪ书۸ˣôأ
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ФЦ볯תӡ
ҿФЦĴ̼㲻һҪӣ˿
⺫ۺһ׻ıδ󺺰
ҪһĴ󺺣Ǻӵ¶һ˵ǻʲô龰
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ФЦ밡ФЦ룬Ȼܲϣһˡ
ȻתƺעĿˣͲҪˣ˰ɡ
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ĬĬФЦ⻵ĵζիҴܣںŲ˵׷ɱĺҲòŴζի׷̾Ϣˡ
ˣΪ˲ǹ˹ڳͷͣһФЦͷġҲùˣȥһТˡ
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Тղ˵ˣǡСӡˡСͱͱТкĹâ֪ʲô˰
ǡʲôأТǵһαʵ⣬һʱ֪ôش
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˼İͷȥССôҺ޲ܰѶյȥ
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̫ˣ̫ˣСһ Ķʼɵı飬ҵϱ֪ءһСôѾϱˡ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
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䰡䰡¸̾ˣТûŵϱվһ𣬳˾֣Ѿ֪ôˡ
ԭڱԼСǾ䡣һעԼҶϿʼ¶ɵɵЦ
ֱϵ¶һ޶ľ䰡ҲŸ̾ˣТôͻôأȻҵԼôϱТϱͳÿТƽƽϱֲТϱҲТ⻹ûŵϱ׬ǮӽζիڲŶðѾФЦһëεϰ˶ë˰Тƴӣǧ˳ֱҪʼˡ
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ѣǳѡТܿ϶ĵҲģ书ǳ֮ãֲ¶ΪսթѶԸĺܡ
Ҿ֪ʦһ̫򵥵ġЦô̯ôʦԼΪ
ФЦСκʶģһӣһֱ顭Т룬üͷ˵СȻѣǵû֮ǣʱܻĵþһ㡣ﶼˣ֪ФЦ벱Ϲŵһ֮ͭ⣬һչҲûС֪ʲôʱõФЦöͭȥ
û֮Ǿͺãʱõ㵹ûʲôϵġطЦ˺øСϾں̵ܶʱ׬˺ܶӰ
ȷʵֻҪЦһʱʲôϵ
Тôһ룬ʱЦڣҲᱻФЦ۸̫ҡ
һģ˿Ž£ͻȻȵשЩˤ
ҪЦּۿ죬һѷסžҪͶˡ
Цһ߷һְТŵİԼļϡ
ТҪֲԼ˿ΪȴͻȻЦǣס֡
Т죬ɵɵĴסˣȫԼղ˵ʲôȻʼӿ졣
̫ˣĿãָ·߻õ㡣Цǣ֣ǰߡ
Тǣߡ
ⲻΰɣ
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Цϵ£һЦǣߵҶһ¶һֻ֮ܳΪɵЦЦݡ
սЦǣֻ֣˵ĸ˺ۡ
ֻϣԶҲ߲ФЦļҡ
Цǣһֱһֱߣߵĺȥˡ

 97 

ĺǺԶФЦļȴܽ
Тֻúֻһգ۵ĹФЦļҾȻѾˡ
ЦſȥƵʱТź֪ķ֣ԭԼǿָ·ЦǣֶƼȦ·İ
Լôô
Тú޵ֱҧָͷ
ЦѰðײõĽŵϣ򿪰óһСӸ
ʦصΪ׼һķ˵ķΪʺרΪдġ˵ˣȻܳΪһĸֻ֣ҪúʮʮΪֻûġ
Т߷ߵĽӹ
̫ˣҪʮʮ겻㣬ֶֻܵ֡Ҳա
Цһ˵ӣ֪εεࡣϽ䣺ʦҲ⴫һķ˵ķǴ򻯳ġķʵͬһסԼķʱҾͨ򣬱֤㲻°빦һһ㶼ࡣ
ǻᵢ˰ɡТ룬ԼҲܳΪһĸ֣ǲҪЦˡ
ģҰ赼ʱ򣬱ҲҪתʵ͵ˣһ㶼ġ
ģ
Цͷ
ұ֤һúТָˣķԭܺЦһİǾҪʮʮҲʲôûϵ͸ùˡ
ТͬúˣЦŰԼõսƷһһóŵϸϸ档
·ȥˣͷηʲôĶϺõĻɫ̫ϧˣǵõϰڸ̯ȥɡ
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Тˣ⽣ʻ治Сε£Сӵĸ˰ð
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ֻֽǺÿѣͲʵãѽТòΪѿĽֹ
ҲŲҪʲôֶҪùˣô죿Ҫ⽣ߣô죿㲻ûúѿġЦдʣ俿ֿסĶԼúԼʵɿġ
ТòϣЦ˵ĵȷе
ЦֺĿǰѽһۣ˵˵ˣʦ˵ˣ书㹻֮󣬷ɻҶԿ˵С书Ժ󣬶ôø֦ˣ⽣ٺãʲôϵ
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ȡҪȿȡҪǧҪТͷѾ亹ðˡ
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еˣĵԵĻԡ
ȻСӵõƴĳƺţӵС׷ɱ

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㣡ТԼͷϵ亹
ԼźСε

 98 

ϣТϴϣФЦĴֲ·˴Цĳ
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Тŷ֣ܺĳڴȻһء
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Ц·㻹᳤⼸·Ƚٴһʱ䣬ȵ治ܴˣٸµġ
·ңТϲС𣿡
ȻԼˡ˲ԼֳõҪ˻ˡ
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Тϳ˾޴ϲ֮С
ҵ·㴩ҲӶ̣ʱҵ·ԼҲ·Ҳװʱҵ·һģһһ𴩳ȥñһ֪СҵĹϵͬѰТֺǺǵİԴš
ǮЦϿڡ
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ǰ·һģһ⻹ףĸǮˡЦظ֤
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ФЦסˡ
찡ںСͻȻҡҡôʲôζԲˣҡһʧȥζˡ
ѺͶФЦ룺⣬һԺµĺ֢ˣҪТҿ
ȿȡ¿ţʹסԼؿڣңôؿôʹأѵʵѾ˴þˣŰТТɵúúٰҿ
ҡҡôˣſϣĵôͻȻȫֽˣѵΪΪ˱ζի̫ƴľ߻ħФСҴſҪˣˣȾĹĺûưɣТúøΡ
šôһ˵ôϹͷԾأһҪТҺúõаƹһء
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У춼˸ˡЦʼָͷһʱҪҼʱϵеĻƶᱻɱ⡣ڶҪҼʱϵζիͻᱻһѻոɾҪҼʱϵסЩˣҲ⳥ζիʧҲ;׬Ǽʮӡԡ
ФЦѾɫ䣬һЦ³ԡ֣֪²ϽԼϵİЦֹ˵ȥ
ФЦһĵЦݣЦӭλϣԵʲôһƤ࣬мòã
ЦְŵİҧһڣФЦŵĿ£ȥȻǲǸٷ֡
ͣͣԺζիԣȫˡФЦϽĻ
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ǾƤмˣӲҶЦͷǺܺó԰
ФЦȥʢࡣ
ʱͻȻСȻ˵ôȥԲʲôζԭҺȵǰడ
£ФЦ޲ðСԴȥ

 99 

Цһ߳緹һ߰ԼĽŵϣФЦФǰҶ֪ѽ֣ҿòã Ҳ֪ʲô֣ҾͿԸֽСơˡ
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ФЦĬˡ
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һһΣФЦսȭﰵԷġ

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˭˵ºҩˣֻҩʵ̫ˣһʱû׼ѡΪТһ¸ҵĺһҩɫŤӲȥ
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СֻʣһСǵĵӵݹųΪ¶ͬ鰲ο˽񡣡Ϊܵܣޣޣ³ҩͲԺˣСǳԡ
Ϊܵܣֽ㲻ãΪкӶ³ҩģȻûǡ ϶һܲ˼ӡ
Ϊøˡ
Ͳ³ҩĺòãΪʲôһҪһҧ³ҩأ
ɺ޵ǣΪʲôԼǲһҩ꣬Ӷ֤Լûôһ³ҩأ
ΪȥˣȥԼΪԼǸҩµûõСˡ
ТһСǣݵΪǰΪܵܣ԰ˣԹǺòã
ΪʲôҪֺСӵ˵
ΪͷһŤ㿪Т֡
ֻϧ书ȫʧִˣȫТĶ֡
ТһѾסӲǰһС
ССһһ죬ΪͷԼɬµζһִŹζסˡ
ǣΪϾͰ³Ĵ㣬ССĶҡˡ
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Ϊˡ
ﺬŵĹһҲľܿľȫڻһҲûʣ¡
ۿƻʧܣΪסˡ
ΪܵܣǲˡТһο֮顣
Ϊŷ֣ԼոΪƽ֮ǰͣˡ
ǰΧԼТС϶һһ֡һǾͲˣ˵ԼûõĵС˵Լ³ҩ¿࣬˭Ű
ΪϾĳ嶯ˡ
ΪܵܣҩòãТϸĶ˵Ȼ֪ºҩǲҩ˺òˡҪ˵ˣ˻ûãô˼һȥأζիûϵФЦҼСڣһ𱣻㣬˭Ҳ˲㡣ǻȥ·ôأôɱ㣬ҪûԱ治֪ܻܲŻصȥ
ûºҩ֪ûãΪҪΪԼٱһΡҲ֪Т˵еɲҪ˵ˣǹҩͷƤͿʼˡ
֪¿ºҩТ룬Сǣһҩһųԣ
ΪʱΪһܺúܺõĽ顣
ͷתСС磬ǡ
ʮһСϽѼ۸ϡ
ô󣿡Ϊˡ
Ϊܵܣ㲻֪Ķ󰡣ζիĶǹ붼룬һҪ޵ĵزСʹ״
뵱֪Ȼҽ嵽ζիɱ£ȻФЦĵϻ˲ٶºФЦծʱǰһʮһʮһһһȴһһһǧһݶһġǷ¾޶ծФЦħ֮С
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ڳΪΪһʮӶԾʱТһ̾˵ΪܵܣҩһҪεġ
Ϊѵİͷת塭Σ
ԣΣ롭ТͷʾûҰһ·ɱȥûġ
С磬ҪˣÿҺҩ㶼ҪһΪҿ϶ûйԼÿĿҩȥܻ֮ܲΪˡ
ԼǮ칲һʮǮϻʣ
СֵһʮƱܿΪΪһǡ
Ϊһǣһҩʹֵںһҩ
ҩТû룬οΪܵܣȻΪºҩſˡһǿģ⺢ӷͬһ㣬һΪһĸ֣ȻǽϺպ
˵ǰһ䴿죬Ǻһ仰ǽúпϵġΪһ߰룬һе⡣
Ȼе⣬ȴƽڳһ費ӣТֵˣ
ТҲΪ񣬵Ϊܵһǿ֮ţسɴҵ
Ϊиǵ⣬ȴǲ¶˿ڳһܵȻӡ
Тһ࣬һļ˵ȥΪܵܣĺˡ㹦ͣΪ˾Ĵһ캦ºҩµޣҪǲܺò޵˵ȥġ
С϶Ҳһƴͷ
Ϊܵܣģôһú㱣ܵģ˸Ǻ׽֮⣬֤˭ߡ
ΪܵһСӲˣˣˡ

 102 

ФЦֵȣٵȣڵȵЦе˳ȥ
ߣߣϿߡ
ФЦĬš
Ϊ㣬εĽúò
ФЦߵĿЦһõЦ
֪֪Ŀ־ҵʹ࣬ԽˣҾԽˡ
ߣߣϿߡ
ФЦĬţЦ̵ʰţ޲ȥʰˡ
׬˲ٰЦĵպ
Ҫ˰
ФЦڿʼԼеˡ
Цպø۽ȴ߿վԭأλƯ㣬ҪпգﰡһҼ洫طƵʥƷҪλƯ
ЩŮϺΧЦʶ
ФЦʹıۣЦ׻ûꡣ
ʲôҪܰһȺŮΧŵЦ·ѾԤ˴ʵӳųɽԼĿڴλƯ㻹ɣ֤ôʧġ
Ӧòʧİ.Ца룬ټȻлȻͽܣҪݵĶܲѵɡ
̫ѾебˡЦԼĶӣֻϵ⣬ڶӺö
ŶӵЦһ۵ĺգϿֵĸŻζիȥˡ
ζիТͷ̽ź۵磬ʮòã
ʮǿɲ棬ҪĳСϿʼ˼ǱѰĳڳܵõķӡ
Тĵ߿ˡ
볤棬µЦҪԼһԡ
ԺÿһҲҪЦԼһһͬһ볤档
Т̲סɵɵЦ˳ϵЦݣôҲղȥ
ǣЦصζիʱ򣬾ֻТһץҩһæţһɵɵĲ֪Цʲô
ôˡֵ߹ȥ
ТһԴ˼ĺ
ôˣô죬òǷˣ
ЦϽȥĶͷ
ТˣЦŵĶͷҲеˡ
㷢ˡЦ
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ЦһٿТе죬˵ǺܾһӶûУջԼТͷϵ֡
û£ЦĿТȷһ¡
Тֻ̧ۣЦרעȻһ
Լ˹ľȻǣסЦ֡
СӣҡҡҡТͷŵأŵҪҡҡҡϲϲһ׼һѡϲ㡯˵ڡ
ɾʱȴͻȻӳ̽ͷȸǿСټӲ˰
һгԵģѾ˵Ц˲׷ТΪȥ
ТߵĿ˺һۡ
磬Ϊʲô粻֣ƫƫҪѡʱ֡
㣬㻵ҵĴ°
ȴТԹһΪԼ£ǺЦţ˵ԣȥ϶㡣һ˵һ˳˳İǰѳϹŵӷ¡
磬ʧȷʵǺܵģڸղؼʱû־͸ˣТ޺޵š
Цһһ۾ͿĴϣһðСңԱССһѩ׾ӨϻŸúܲƤɵġ١֡
Ц˴ͻȻܸ˵תͷȥТô֪ҵ
Т¶ϲɫѵѵСӺԼȻͬһ죿
԰ʮЦش

찡ԼСӾȻͬͬͬȻԵע
졭Ҳʮ Т˵ĿҪˡ
û뵽ǾȻͬͬͬİЦҲ̲סҪ̾ˡ
һ볤˰ɡТ߸˵İһ˫ЦԼùһ˫
ãЦ˿ӣͻȻʲôˣҸ˵Ҽһϰףʱ򣬲ܰŪϵġжҧ϶ԣһҪȥм䲻ܱ֤ͣһ귲˳˳Ȼһͻ²˳˸ǻٲЦһ࣬Ե³ԵʱһҪһһԣһٳһУһҪЮǧܰЮˣԵʱҲҪСģôˡ
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ͬʱСӡ
ϸϸһŽЦϺСĺСĵĿʼԡ
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ТҲѧӣСĵİš
һͻȻˡ
⺫װ˶೤ô춼챻ˣһûꡣ
Ϊ²СŪԼ²˳˸ǲ׵ЦֻÿðűҭķգѵİѾӲȥ
Тѵ촽Լȥ¾͸Ͻʡ
ţԽԽ٣ŵȴûоͷ
ٹһΪʲôԼôᵽͷˡ
ԭո߳ĺĳĺܳȻһֻһ
ЦﺬŶһ˵Т׵ɵˡ
ʲô׸ô죿ô죿
ЦԴһƬңȫ֪Լôźá
Тһ򾲵ӣʵüֻҡ
Ц
ͣȻûˡ
ԴһƬЦТָ£ּ
ţۿ˵촽
Цͣ
Тûͣ
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˶촽ഥһ˲ӲˣͷźһƬ
ͷͷ۶ۣ촽ഥȫò񻰣ﻹһ
ô죿ЦТѾÿҪѪˣȴŪǸȻתߡ
Ҳ֪һÿѪТκߵȻе֣ҲͦõģһҲûС
˼Իıơ
Եôˣó𣿡⣬ͻȻ˺۵
ô죿ô죿ô죿
Цʱҳһࡣ
ТϣһҧҧԼ

۽ʱ򣬾ͿˣӹֽӲĲС
ôˣץץͷƤ
ĵĻĳա
ó𣿡ˣһγ档
Цͷ
áóԡܺóԡĺܺóԡҴûԹôóԵ桭Тܿ϶Ļش
ַӦǾúó
ɻˡ
Һó𣿡
óԣóԡЦˣһߴһߺץһңҲֱ̣
óԣóԣóԡТҲץһúֱԼҭ
Ϊ쳣ƴҵˣ۹ͻȻСӡ
ТߵĴۣССӲͬʱңﻹץŵŬ
ЦץңңһŲ·ľ塣һʱû·ЦһͷײǽϣŶͷ塣

ķӦǾöóԵ˸е
ۿˣѵĳվȻ˲ˣ
Тʵ˵ģҵĲˣʻɵһ̵ɵЦͼԽޣƴԼѾҵСǵҵТ
⺢ӵôˣտյ룬۲ɵõĪԼʱ򣬲Сʲô˵ĶȻ⺢ӸԳɵˣ
һɵЦТԺ۵ʻֻʶҡ
찡ҡҡҾȻȻ׵Сˣ

׵ˣ׵ˣ׵ˣ

һûüС˵ϲء
׵ˣ׵ˣ׵˰
ТϲõĳŸ裬ǰжǷۺɫġ
ۿТһֱƴԼСˣϽǸ
ТԴ˻ȻѾˣ͸ɴ
⺢ӣɵˡһżץסТļ磬ƴҡТ㵽ôˡ
ТҡеѹֵĿ˵ʲô
ֻϧТ˵Ļһֶ
˵ˣ˵ʲôҶͷʹĿТȸϽԼĶúýٸȥ
ТŷԼ챻ġף֣ôͻȻТһ߾룬һƴĽʡ
Тİ£ѵңʵĵһ仰ǣ磬ô
ˣ֪ԭԼȻôûдڸеˡ˺òãղһòóҺòóԣ㲻ǻشš
ôһѣТȷʵôһš
ԼСӵ죬ˡ
ТֱˣɵЦֳˡ
СӣСӣСӡ
ТԴʱֻʣԼ׵Ц£һ˺۵Ĵڡ
˵浽׺òóԣ
óԡТλõɵЦش
ڡóԡͨͳ˵޷⣬ֻüȥĿڸô
ģֺеԡТϵɵЦøӻ㱡Сӵ촽ģû뵽Ȼô
ȻӲУеˡˣһ⣺ζô
𰡡ТһɵЦһӡСӵ촽𰡡
ǵȻ˷۵ġۿТı飬ȷԼĺܳɹ
ʮҶ˸Тļ磬ķľˡ
ɵЦŻξТһѣĵɴۣף磬ô
һˣɴתͷȥвˡ
Тֵû˴ţһ͵ȥˡ

 103 

ЦŶͷͺһһ·Żţų˳һͷײ϶
ãôˣ ϶Ͻס
ûûûʲôЦŻŵĻش
Ҳûʲô ϶ˣӲЦԼͷŲ㿴㣬ͷиֺ⸱ӡ˵ûʲô˭Ű
ûʲô϶ֱԼЦϽͷŤûʲôֻТǸһһ¶ѡ
ôͻȻҶٸأ
ôң̫ˡ
ҪףҲŶԣ
ԣԣԣڲʱòã
ЦƴҡͷŬ˦ղǸͷ
ڲǿǵ˭˭⣬ڵǣԼᱡˣᱡ˰
Ϊһᱡ˵ŮӣԼôأ
ô죿ôźð
Цţ¶һĿ֮ɫ
϶ЦһյӣϽʹЦʱߺԼһ¡
Сð϶ͣͣЦſεôôԼЦССáǼܱŤ£ϸĿڣҽЦЦòã
ЦԼᱡȴ֪ôĿĲɵĵͷ
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ЦͻȻһѿڶոڽϿᱡŮӣһʱ֪ô죬еաԼ̫ˣЦֱ̲סҪԼˣȻôõ˵
Ц䣬սʲôýûС
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ǡǡһ¡ЦԽԽ죬ͷԽԽͣԽԽС
׵ʲôط֣϶ߵ׷ʡ
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ʲô϶ߵһڳϣˣ㻹ʲôģ㵱ȻӦϳȥǸᱡŮӵļһݺݱһ٣
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Ҫһֱ׵ﶼϲЦˣ̫˰ɣȫԿ϶ԼТǾԾ²Ķֵġ
УսԼТ鲻ܲɡ
⻹ ϶޷޵
Цˡ
Ȼ֮Ҫֽȫϡ϶ȭͷ˵ȥ
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Ȼд´ġ֣ڳͷʾڡ ϶ϲ˵
ЦˡΪԼ²ְТĿȫǣսԱȽϲôײеķԼǾԲܲõġ
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Цһ뵽Լ֣ͷֶϽŶϣޱҵڳͷҡҷıҳ棬̲סȫһ
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죬ߡ϶ͻȻվЦҪߡ
ս㣬ȥʲôЦˡ
ȻȥǸᱡŮӵ޳úõʰһ١ ϶һЦԺ󿴵Ů˶Ҫߡ
ս㡭ЦϽסͬʱԼΪʲôȻѰ顣
ʵЦţҪҪ˵ʵ
֪ˡЦԥ϶ͻȻڳһ˽ӡǸһǲǺһ˶Ը˰ɡģȥСۣζիﻹֵܶˣҴһȥʰǸ˵ҾͲţȫԸһᱡŮӵ޳϶һʤȯյӡ
˵ţ϶תͷ뵽ȥҺۡ
ս㣬鲻ġЦΪܾס
ۿҪִЦΣֻʵʵ˵
ս㣬ҸղϹ˵ģʵûڽϿᱡŮӡЦͷڳһϴӡ
ʲô ϶ЦİһУʵԵ޹ʸҪ˵ôƭң
šǸǡ񡭡Цһʣʵò֪롣
϶Цӣ֮ǰӣͻȻеˡԭζĿЦ޴ӣЦ
˵ΪʲôҪ˵ôѣ϶ƽЦһģ
ǡǡáá桭ЦϤʲôһţͰ͵˵š
ЦЦ㲻ԣ ϶һֲһָնݱ粵˵㶼û˵ʵʵ㲻ڽϿᱡŮӣ㱻ᱡˡ
³ˣЦסˡ
϶ȴϷŹĴǰǸƯò񻰵Сᱡǲǣǲǣ
ս㣬ΪһŮˣô˵ôôţôô¶ǰ
ЦֻһѻԼ˲յ˽źߵסԼֺͷҲҿ϶
Цľֹ϶Ǿ͵Ĭˡ
Ȼˡ϶ߵıŤֵúǺֱЦȻô°ȻǱǸƯСˣʲôúߵġС͸˵˵Ĺϵˡ㶼Ѿ˼ûŵϱˣһʲôϵбҪ߳Ǹ
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ˣˣˣ뺦߾ͺߺˡЦĿ飬϶ֻǺ޳ܣ˰죬ԭûʲô϶ȤطϢȥ
ιս㣬ȱ߰Цˣ㻹ûңҸôأ
ʲôô죿 ϶һ¡
ᱡҮͬΪŮˣսҲ취Ц϶Ĳαʾ飬ܱܲ˰ɡ
Ҫ㲻뱻װˣ׻ˡ ϶һߣһθеĸЦһ顣
׻ЦסˣʼĿ
Т쳤úƯɫƯ״Ưֺܿɿڵӡ
ͻȻʶԼʲôЦʱֺˣߵ˫סԴ
ʲôҵʲôЦҼ֡
սùݣȻǸգǳհ
ԼܹݰȻҪ׻ȥ
룡룡룡
ЦԼͷԼֲǵͷԴɳȥ
һ£ûʲôá
һ£ûʲôá
һϣȻûʲôá
ģûá
׻ͷѾԼԴ˸ˡ
Цεķͷľٶ
ТТ㣬û³ôƯɿڸʲô
ھȻа˰

ͻȻ֮䣬ͬһ㣬һµͷЦԺ
ѵѵ
Цʹ־ɥ̧ͷ
ѵ˵ҡҡʵǴ˵еԣԣŮţôܻǸɫŮˣ
ЦԱڳϣεķ֣ԼһɫŮ
찡ԼֱŮеİడֱŮ˵
Цۺᣬѵ֮С

 104 

Цʹ
ТȴڳɵǺǵ͵Ц
һСӰ
Тɫ糺͵͵š
ô׵أ
Теˡ
ȥסף
УУ
ТԼϾͰ뷨ˡ
Ц̫ãԼȥź׾ͻᱻ㿪Ǳסģ׵͸ˡ
ҪԼȥԼһСǷФСһӣʱ򣬳ȥ͵Ϯ
Ҳð
Тһҡͷˡ
һԼǷФСһӣһӦǴǳȥФСô죿
Լײ˵СӻпܱͶĵФСûݺһ١
УУԲСԲСΪԼԵʱФС۸
ǵ׸ôأ
Тɥˡ
ҵ׸ô찡˼ڤ붼벻ʲô취Т̲סͷ쳤̾ˡ
һר˵ĺ۱Тһ޿ˡ
ТɲԸҹԹﲻҪ۷ĹɫΪƵĿТӣ֮ȻһŹֵı飬һɵЦһ͵֣һһģһƣöˡֻҪȥҲԼˡڵãȻ䱾Լصǿ̣벻̣޿̡
ߣߣߣϽȥûŵϱһȥǸΪ鷳ٴˡһץТͰϡ
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ԭһĴƣѹǰҽֵֹģԭ˵ȴֻ׼һ档СӲˣֺƫǲǣһ˵һ߲ТشѸٵһµ˹ˮС
ǰ硭Т˵һ룬ͻȻ졣
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һǲҲܡ
ʱТεİĿͶǸˮ·
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ȥСӣ˳㺫ǡ۰ͿТ漴ϳ˳
Т棬һһ̧ۣͿѾһյζիĴЦһڽһųϣŸԴһĻں޽ӡ
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һαʧܵТʲˣ

 105 

ô죿ͻȻóҪЦТФЦʵ
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¹轣úܻЦТˡ

 106 

ТһţһŸôЦһʱЦ轣ĶͻȻͣ
ֻЦִһХ漴һԾڰС漴ĽżԺĹһ㣬ԾԺǽ
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Ҫ㣡Тһྐྵӣһ߲˵㺦ģҪǸղҪҼСӺȾƣҲФСҪġֿԣҼСӣͬѨϡ
ҵ㲻ѨһТĻФЦ̲סҪˡ
ҪܵѨͰ˰ֻҪһָͷͰѽͰƵܲ͸硣ҪѨҪðָͷķաջ൱Ĵ󣬻ϵӴȥ޻ءҵָͷ˵Ҫģôָܰͷȥء
ŶТĵӦһĹӣ뿴ûİ취ˣ׼ҼС˾ˡ
ȫǷϻòáФЦ벻ˣҪЦбҪһֱϵȻЦ֪ôģͻȻ˸Ƶģ书Ҳǿ˲٣ҲǴ򲻹òáֻǲ˺󱲶ѡ
ФЦһʱ벻취ֻüЦ
ԽФЦԽп಻ԼҪô֣»úѿˡ
֮£Тʵû취ˣҪ飬¾ҪʬˡģһССˣͺá
˵꣬ФЦȭΪƣһЦȥ
Цѧϰ֮ǰФЦӣҲһֱӵϣһФЦȥ
ФЦҲ㣬ЦһߵԼĽϣԼĽżסЦһֻţѲá
ФЦһϲЦڵϣû취ѽˮòѨϡ
ȴЦѧʽͻȻûФЦסһֻһûýһֻͬʱڵһţʱֱֱĴӵһͷФЦײȥ
ФЦ֮ǰһֱЦһֻýĽţȴû뵽ЦַһԾһʱЦһͷʵʵĶͷײ˸šײֱðǡ
찡ЦĪͷǱײöͷʹФЦĵһͷ
Цͻ·ȴʵЧһУ˷׷׽кã档
찡ТԭһпõİСץסТӣСһУҲĵİ찡Ҵûô򵥵һУȻǿõģȻôҪ
̫ˣһҲģҲҪҲˣԭϻ˼ʵõĺа
ΪŵϴﱾŵһŹǵ˶֪
찡˵ЦȻô򵥵ģһ˶ĶǸФЦͷײ찡Цǿ
ΪǳݵĿЦ
ζիһڸְЦĤһٱ顣

ФЦ뱻ЦһײײðǣЦûԼֻøϽˡ
ЦϲһФЦȥ
찡ĲСεͽܵİڣû취˰ФЦˣ˭÷ƷЦôأ֣Ʋס
ФЦƣһƾԼµĵذȥ
ФЦڸʲôТˡ
ֻФЦһƻȥ֮µĵذͻȻʼѿѷФЦĽ£ɿֱЦȥ
ۼԼµĵذѿЦԾ𣬰һФЦȥ
׼ФЦҲѾ׼ˡ
ФЦҪɱˣ˱ФЦ֮ǰһסˡ׷׿ʼΪЦҪФЦһƺ֮ǰһһЦҪˡ
ۼЦĽҪ̵ФЦһҲҪ˶ʱŵҪ
ʱТͻȻ˳ȥ
˺ҼСӣТ嵽ФЦǰſ֡
ФЦһТ嵽ԼЦ֮ǰ̰ԼҪһư²
ТڸʲôһΪ
СӲһᱻФЦеģ㱻ФЦУҲܵСˣͻõġ
ȥͺΣա֪Сڻŵģ־塣ФЦ뿴㣬ᷢƣ㱳Сӣ׻ᱻİ
ЦĽТıԽԽҵĶÿҪˡ
ФЦѾ֣׼ТƳȥ
ɾʱЦͻȻһ֣ѽȥ
ФЦڣһ
ТתЦ䵽ԼǰһɣӰ˵ϡ
Цס죬˸Ƿ
ҺñЦһߺ˵ţһһͷТ˹ȥ
Тſ˫֣һѱסЦ
Ц˽ТͷТļϷźãִһĹǷһգ˯ˡ
ФЦ뿴˯ȥЦԼͷײĴεĻӻ֣ŴҵˣûֿˣϽ˯ȥתͷТϱƷʵ̫ˣԺܽһ㣬ǧٺȾˡ
Т룬λðĵͷʵϣûФЦ˵˵ʲô
ֻһ£ǾԼȻЦ
찡ԼȻСӰ
Т˴죬ɵɵЦҸĻ俪
š
Ǳ߹ߵ϶һ仰ȴܿͰ˵Тܵܰ㳤ò߰
ТӲתͷߺ޵Ŀ϶
϶ֻû˵۹⣬ֱ˱ĸ߶ȣ㻹ûЦЦø߰㿴ЦЦ㻳˯ҪѱһͷһͲܰͷŵļϣ˶ϡ϶ҡҡͷܲġҪٳøһ㣬ЦЦֱ㻳һˣһ۾˯ˣҲôרˡ
϶˵꣬ϧĿТٿЦȻϧҡҡͷתط˯ȥˡ
Тһߵվ
ТסЦ»壬¶˾ģһҪ쳤ߣСӿĿ˯
һһһҪߣТޱȼᶨźš

 107 

ۿТһܴı飬߹οļ硣ТҪ̫ˣͻС϶ܳߵġ
硭Тһ֮£ʱΪˡǺ˺ð
СӴҲܳ߰ɡۿ˿Т˯úЦ˵ТǵŬˡ
硭Тֿ㵽οҵĻҵģ
ˣˡТһɥӣ۸ϽתͷˣФСҪζիֹͻȻ鷳ؼ˯ˡҲͱСӻФС˯ˣһ˯ɡһЦͻȻղһƷûФСڣͦΣյġ
Тú˵úеϵͷʾͬ⡣
Сȥ϶סŵǼ˯͵ڸΪһ䷿ˡ۰ѻжലλķָТ
Тͷ΢Ц͵϶סŵķ
϶˵ЦҪ˯ϽѻŵһŴһ£ТЦŪɺá
ս㣬ҼСϾҪ鷳չһˡТ϶
϶ҡҡ֣İЦЦҺˣһúչġ
ллսˡТϽл
лͲлˣǲǸΪһ䷿϶ƻЦţҲҺúáչˡչˡҾͳƽˡ
սģǾûġТҲŽƻյЦһúáչˡСġһչ˵Ϊֹ
ТϸĵİЦѱӸǺãתȥ˸ڳΪסķ䡣
ТŽ˷䣬Ϊһڴϣ֪ʲô
Ϊܵܣ㡣߲˰Т΢Ц߽ȥ
ΪĿ
ΪܵܣʲôʱŻ㰡Тһ̣һߺĵһ䡣
Ҹ˵ģѾһˣɵ˾͸õˡΪǾĿТһһ
찡㻹ܳŵǸʱ𣿡Тộȥ
ʲô˼Ϊŭ
ҲǺİϴӲ࣬첻ûТ죬һίӡ
ģϻһأҪٹûġΪߵؿТҪ˰Լҩô࣬ͿʡһʮǮˡ
ԭһТˡ
Тڴϣ۾
ǸΪۣһֶۣһлҪ˵ӡ
Т֪Ϊڿȴװһ޸оӡʲôҪ˵͸˵ûõġҪȿڣҾƫڡ
Ϊ˺ܾãТʼûиӦڻ̲סˣڶǸúܿĽ㵽ʲôϵ
ûŵϱТһ㶼Ļش
ʲôΪȻǳԾСָТǸûŵϱ
ǰТϵ
ôܣôôǸ㣡ΪϵıֱǾﵽ˼ˡ
ТϱΣˡ
Сʲô˼ѵڰʾԼ䲻Сӣ
Т˳Ϊʾ䲻ЦʵԲˬš
ƾʲô䲻Ǹ㣿Тɭʵ
ôôǸôĽ㣿Ϊװ׵ТָЦ֮ľ޴ࡣ
ˣТĿɭˡ
ﶼΪ붼룬Ͼͻش
˼˵ҺˣТӲѹеĲɫʳΪ
ԣΪͷ
Т
Ϊͷ
ԭ˰ТͻȻһƣڳһȻӣҪΪܵ㣬һĶ֪ԭΪܵȻô
ôΪϲˣ˵㣬㲻Ҫҳϡ
ôҳءТųΪҡҡͷΪܵʵʵԼص׿ں˵𣿡
ʲôʱ˵£Ϊе㲻ˡ
Ϊܵܣѵˣոջ˵ģҺԲԣТһͬ۹⿴ųΪ
Ϊͷ⻰ȷȷʵʵ˵ġ
Ϊܵܣѵˣ㻹ҸЮˡТһ֣㲻벻˰ɡųΪ
Ϊֻúǿĵͷû취кܶ˿ģϲа
ǾͶ밡ᱻҸЮ˵㣬ѵǺ𣿡ТбΪһۡ
õĲ湦ȫıƣΪҪǲıƣҵ½Ƕմ
Ϊܵܣ˵ͲˡТһӲɽ̵ӣ㿴Ϊû湦ܵòǲǣ
ΪƴĵͷȻģ湦һТһٸûġ
ΪܵܣҸһܺˡТصһ£ųΪ֡
Ϊһصӣ̲ס˹ȥ
ТųΪĶСҸ㰡ҪԸʲôèҪ湦Ͳ㱾ˡԸĽɫǴҲ湦ġ
Ϊᡣ
аΪܵܣ湦ûã⿿ıƾɰץסˡТӵĿ˳ΪһۣҪ湦ϣûõСߵڰ˵Һ𣿡
㡭㡭㡭Ϊ͡
аҪбɺҾ㣬ˡТֱָΪıǼ⣬˵Ҫһȵˣʲô̶ˣ
ΪТ˵ͳͳʵΪʱԶԣȴҪˡ
ˣΪܵܣ֪˾ͺãҲˣҲ̫ھˣ˯ɡТȵİڰ֡
ΪĹĵվһͻȻ֮䲻Ǹ㡣Ľ㣬ֻҸ˲𡣡
Т룬ҡҡͷΪܵܣô˵ʹˡһѾˣΪʲôҪȥһҲˣ˷һԼıȽϺã֮ءΪܵܣģΪǿŮһܶܶࡣһ׾ҵһǿֲ̫Ůӵġģ
ΪТÿҪѪԾ˵ТΪ˷ֹԼТѪǲҪΪ
ǳΪϴѱӴͷֱǵš
Ϊܵܣ˯ˣТű¹ΣҪҪҸ㽲˯ǰ°
һ
ȻΪܵ㲻ԣҾͽˡТɤӣʼ
ǰһϾȥϿһ죬·һСسǣϾСسһҿջסˡɵ˴׼˯ȴͻȻйͷ¿˭֪ˡТһ٣µĳΪ˶żɭɭĿѹ˵ȥ
˭֪Ȼһ˫ѩѩȾʺָ׵Ů˵ֻ֣֣һһӴǵľµһҶĿָֻŵأһһŴӴȵֻȫӴ³ŷ֣ԭֻضϵ֡ʱŵû⣬һͷϣӣԼͷɵʵʵТµĳΪֶ˶
ڱ﷢Ŷеһ˫ָűȥƺҪȥǺ£ƴѱӽľԼϡһеֻʧˡǺܺ£ֻüڱǹ˺ܾãȴʲô鶼ûзʵ̲סˣ͵͵ѱƿһ죬Լ͵Ÿεѵķ֣ԼȻڲ˶Ĺ֮Сף֮ǰֲֻһֱֱϽɭɭ֮Сͨӵķ죬Ŀ˫ѩ׵ĹƿıӡʱһŹȻǰһ˵Цϱ첻ˣɿתǽְͷɢʵʵסԼ
ΪڱТĹһ˫µĹ֣ԽԽ¡ԽԽúһֻԼıȥŵúë
ТȴͻȻʧˡ
Ϊʱ˺ܾã̲ס͵͵ƿһ죬ĴϿȥ
ֻТԼڴϡ
硭Ϊӵĺһ
Тת
ТһתʱóΪըë
ΪתͷТȻû٣Ȼһͷĺס
ΪһҽУְͷ˱Լʵʵ
ֹһΪĸеֻʱӺ£űӲš
ٹһΪеקıӣۣץסӲš±ӱǰһ˵Ĺ
µҪʱТ
ιСѱôʲôҲԼ
Ϊͷӱ̽˳
зۣǰТһб۾۾
ιΪܵܣ㲻ôûðɣ¶Ầ£Тһ
£ô£Ҳ֪మأΪТǰӲš
ԭΪܵܰ°Т˵ؿڣǾͺã֪ܶܶĹأٽһòã
ҪΪΣֻôӣӲǱԼ˵ͷ
һºڷߵϣи·СߵڡТֿʼɫĽ˹¡
Ϊűӣµ
ТŽţΪͶ룬ͻȻҲе㺦ҲڳΪǰ¶ֻҧӲ½
ﺦ£㲻ɵе㶶
˺ûΪﺬߣĹѾ˵ˣҪҲùģӺˡµﶼð亹ˡ
ΪµҲȾТҲԽԽˡ
ТһӲ½һߴγΪϽֹȥ
ɳΪΪ˲ТЦҲӲǳŲ
Ǹ˾ִ˹ײĵĸӣ̽ͷȥȴһɭɭ׹ǡɾʱǾ߰׹ǾȻϾȻ¶һ֮֮ġЦЦݡТԼĹŵÿҪݴˡ
ҺãʱΪҲڵ޶ȡ
磬㡭㲻Ҫ١١˺òáΪѾòˡ
Т˳Ͷ£ǺãҲˣǸϽ˯ɡ
˵ǲٽˣТȴôһ¡žĺҹֻҪһĶ䣬ľ̲סҪһ¡
˯˯ТǿԼۡ
һТͻȻеǰڿָоТϵĺëһ
ǻþȫǻþТš
ɾʱʲôͻȻĴϡ
Тŵûɢ
ҺʱϵĶ
磬Ҹһ˯òã
Т˿ۣȻΪűӣµԼԱߡ
ðԼҲµҪТˬһڴӦ
ΪһТӦˣϰѱӾԼϣТɺá
ֻ龪һТԼȻҵؿڡ
ֻųΪСģû뵽ȻԼҲŽȥˡ
Ժֲ˻Լ£ǲҪٸˡ

 108 

ڶϡ
ŵһû˯ŵТͳΪ˳Ĵӱߡ
γԱȵģȻͷϻ챻ЦײĴһ;ܺҲܺõФЦ롣
ТСôˣʮФЦĵʵ
һ߼ʵţһ߸˵ţһǻڴϣɣ
϶ʱ߽˳ТϽս㣬ҼСأ
˯أôŪŪѡ϶εĻش
˯Те㵣ˣվ׼ȥЦ
˯ФЦˣȻˡ
ТȥųûͿЦӭ˹
СӣûˣȻЦһȾӵӣɼʶˣȴТѾҴˡ
ôʺ֡Ц˳˿Լûʲô׵ĵطҸʲô𣿡
ľˣТ
ʲôˣûЦֵĿһۡٺ֣ûʲôƺѵġ
ûТɴۣǸҪұȥŽ׷ФЦ뿳˭
ʲôʱҪ㱳ȥˣʲôʱŽ׷ФЦ뿳ˣЦˡ鷢ôһ㶼ǵá
һ㶼ǵˣТԾۡ
˭˵ҲǵˡЦܿ϶ĻشҼǵأҺһʮ˱ƣһһФЦܹǷһʮûء
һ˵ţЦһ߾ͳ˳ФЦߵλϣһ죬ФǰӦҵһʮأ
ҧһӵФЦ룬ͻȻõһͿЦʱŴ죬ɰӵǰ
ЦТФЦʵľͷڸţȻȫǵԼЩʲôЦľˡ
㡭㡭ФЦ뿴ǰ۾ĶԼˬТ񿴵һûˣ
Һúõģʲô¡ФǰҪǿϰһʮϸңһá Ц˵ͻȻָФЦĶͷסôһҹûФǰĶͷϾͶ˸
ǰͣԼͷİФЦҪˡЦǸʲôﰡôʲô¶ûˣ
ʧʵ̫ˣƣӣһͷϵĴɽأȻϾһˬĳԼҪˣ⡭ʲô
Ҫ֪ˣֱغͲƵҪأ
ҡҾȻ͵û͵Żʴһװ
ФЦܹĴۣĶʱܵ˾޴Ĵ
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ЦһƱϿĵĴФЦ˿˻
㻹ҪҶʮФЦϽ֡
ٺȶʮƺˡЦһ֣磬þƹ
Цһϵõ˴һµķԡ
ЦһŮӼңôƸʲôĵýżһ̳͵͵ߡ
СӣٺȾơТϽס
ЦЦأԺǲҪˡ϶Цֱ׷ФЦ뿳;ͷ£ϽȰ˵ҪЦ׷ſ˻ԼԼֻбķˡ
ǰ㻹ǲҪƵĺáں϶ͬ뷨ζիһȫֹͬЦơ
ǡЦ֡
Тһ۵ɹȥ
ЦˡФЦվһƸһִǴҲٸˣ
ʲô˼Цȵۡ
ҵ˼˵ФЦ׺ݵصЦǺһٱҲһͭ壡㰮ȾͺȣǵҪǮҡ
һǲˡЦɥˡ
ǮФЦֵ
ЦֻʹѵĴӻͳӺһЩŵФЦ

СӣʲôТһ߳緹һЦ
ТһʣЦͻȻԼǴȥĵط̯ʥƷġ
٣죬ĶЦˣǸТ˵ˣ֪仹ü
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ĶȫУĻѪȥ˰̵ҩ࣬ȫȥðɡТ󷽵İСݹȥЦ
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𣿡ТֵۣЩѾúܾ˰
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һ緹ФЦߺŴȥζի
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ලȺ˸ɻ¸ΪûʲôϵƫƫԴ˱ֳ˼ߵȤ飬һμӡ¸СʮӣҲ˽˼ලĶ
⼸ԼĺˣΪֱ۽𾦣ļල֮£Ⱥһ˿˿͵
˶ڳΪֳǮ˸ɻľǼΪ˱ʾΣ׷״յһߺȲȥˣȺȫΪһȥ
Т絽ɽȥҩ
ЦǸСϽȥˡ
ɫ̵ĻԶͿЦЦе˹жʱһϽȥƹ񱨸档
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ˣƹһ֮£ϴΪͷʹϽܵſȥ
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ЦںԼС̯ӣߺλƯ㣬￴һüҴطƵʥƷλƯǧˣ
ЦһߺһȺŮΧʶʸͣ
λƯ㣬뿴ЦСóһССĴƿƿһ󵭵ζʹƿﴫͿֵģͿ֮ǵͻԽԽԽԽϸЦһ˵һ߰СƿݸȺŮˣλƯͿԿ
ȺŮϸ˵Ϳ
֮⣬ﻹЦóһСƿƿһŨŨĻ㴫˳רԡģÿֻҪμνˮϾͻºŵĵζġ
Цһ˵꣬Ͼ˼ζ
ЦóһƿרͷϵģÿϴͷμϣĨͷϣʮ죬Ưǵͷֺ ЦѴƿһݵﴫá

Цϵó¶ټԽ˵Χ̯ӵŮҲԽԽࡣ
Χ̯ӵŮԽ࣬ŮҲԽࡣ
ֻҪŮ˾ضᱻЦ
һʱ䣬ɫ̵ſֵԸӡ
ȴһ˶ûС
ƹͷʹ˵ڹ̨ϣһƻӻ֣ȥȥФС
ФЦܿ͵ˡ
⡭ô£һͷָűȺ㣬ΧˮйͨЦƹЦûôҲôŮ˹
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λƯ㣬֪ҴЩϲϲҪϲʹЦһĲЦ˵
ϲȻϲˡŮӿڡ
ǣСֵܣʹĻˣһ
Ҳϲ
ҲҪ
ϲ
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ФЦ͵ؿѪĳ˳ȥź֪ķ֣ׯѾƹӻߵøɸɾˡ
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һߺЦԥİַŵ

 110 

ТϲؽץסЦŵĵ֡
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ս㣬㿴ҶѾΪæˡʱҪͻȻ˵㲻ȥףǵĵġТһࡣ
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 111 

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ʿյĿ࿴ŰûỨǮپȻͻ׬Ǯˣһһ׬һôĿ
ЦТֻԽԽƯԽԽɰԽԽˣԽԽˮ
ңȥ輸롣Т񿴵ò˼һ仰һ˳
磬ҽ輸밡Ткһ˼롣
ТڲźãȰȰ϶㣬첻Ҫȥ˺òáһͺ񿴵˾ǡ
սҪˣôȰöЦԼòײݺ϶ȥףŲȥȰء
ԼȥȰ룬վ
磬̫ˡТסսòײžҸϲ㻹Ҫȥֹսϲһ
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ûʲôÿǵģ磬ˣͲֹս㡣Т
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磬Ѳ˵ȽˡТŲһ۹ⶼûУҪȥϲǸ޵ˣ룬˳Ϻ۵һѲ˵˳ЦֻصԺ
ĽǸСˣò˵ҩɡТѲ˵ݸЦ
Цӹ˵ץһҩһףȻյ־𣬷Ĳ˵űϰյҩķɿĻֱڿлһƬӰ
һЦյɿĴһֻӭһӣЩе÷ҩķ׷䵽
ˡЦТǰһţ㿴вУ
ܺáСӣðТﱻе÷ҩصͷҼСӾ⵶ôҲŽǰʮ˰ɡ
Цһ䣬Ͽĵļһҩȥˡ
ΪǸСҪ֪һȥӰҼСŵĲ˵û𣬻᲻ѪأТһҩһ߰š
ЦİæȵʱТѾҪЩʥƷװƿˡ
Цǿĵһװã͵óȥˡ
أ䲻ТյߵСӣô׬ǮҪôллأ
㣬ô֪ҪЩȥЦʱһôԽԽˡ
һ᲻֪㡣Тбһۡ
ǣҰ׬ķһˡЦʹ˵
⵹ã׬Ǯȫ㡣ТһȵӣñķʽлҺˡ
٣ãЦжǹۣôл㡣
ТָָԼһºˡŬԼһӣǷպͶ仹ǳĽźӡ
֮ǰԼΣԼû׻ԼϽװɣЦһö⡣
Ƶ¹һȷû֮󣬹ɿĳȥԼĴТĴѵˮһᴥһ£漴Ƶ˽ȥ
ТЦıӰḧ˸ձסĴͨ졣
СӺúŰԼֻҪһͺˣû뵽û뵽ȻôԼ졣
ТŴЦˣЦ䣬һֻ׽ССꡣ
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Եôҿ಻ԡ
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磬ҲҪˣ¼ˡһĲɻӣТʮ飬ҲܳԵĶϽڡ
ԣԣˡФЦϵһʾͬɲ뺫۰ѳеʳĶ˷ѵ
ԣˡС³ļ׷ðġ
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۱Ĭİһˮܵ¯׼档
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ζիǶʮڣȷʵҲûʲôҪФЦ뵱±ͷͬˡ
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ФЦŲ裬ͻȻͷʹЦ
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ӻ𣿡һ֣ФЦ۾ˡ
ûˣȫˡТҲźϵĺ绹ǲƺŵģİӺóԵҪ
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ۻ㱵ؿСιޣתǹޡ
磬Ǽ棬÷ǵġСϽס
ТѵʿˮĺǺʧһóԵˡ
վ͵͵ȥЦóԵİӳԡ

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ЦĴ𣬶ǵȹȥ׼ҵϾ͵
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ƹģСˣһЦӰӣһʾ
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ɫ⣬Ц̯ĵطѾмŮڵˡ
ˣˡԶԶЦŸ߹ʱ
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ͷһһѴɨ㣬Цһ٣۾һɣСӣӵĵط׼̯뿪
Цûͼ˵ʲôأǼŸЦʥƷŮȲˡ
˭˵ӵĵطˣ
ƾʲô׼˼Ұ̯
̫Եˡ
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ɫƹӲǱЩŮ Ƶ˼
ʱ½½мЦʥƷŮˣһ˵ǼȻ׼Ц̯ҲżΧС
˱ǱƵһһˡ
ۿԽԽ࣬Ц룬ϽڣλƯ㣬ǲҪˣطҲ󣬸λҲ㣬ҵǿյȥ̯ˡս׵̨ڶֿյϣÿһһ߿սףһ
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Сվ̨ϣߦһͭ衣
λ׸ϣҼҽڴ˱ףλ׳ʿ̨һԡ
Сһһ˺ܶ˹֡
ȵ϶ǧĵһ̨վϾиӿ˹
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治֪ӵһӵФСͻȻجĻʹʲôز

 112 

ʲôζի๤ФЦͻȻɫĻ˵Ϊ˸ףе̶ûʱʧɫ
еĵ̶ûζիһѾƵӣʵ
ģƺܿ϶ػشҶȥˣ̣ׯҲãջҲãھҲãҲã֮еĵ̶ûҲûʲôˣȫ۵ֵĿյϿȥˡ
̫ˣ͹ȥҶǸɻФЦŭˣһŭĳȥˡ
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ѵԼپΪ˸ף
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ҡҡФЦ벻֪ǱĻǱжģ۷⡣
ҿ쿴ТϽһָФЦ룬СȻоȵģǿĿˡȻֻûԣɿôгķϣǾԭ˺òã
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һҪȥ϶ȴ̨һ˸סȥ·
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һʱ䶼Ǻվ̨ϣһһսߡ
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ʧʵ̫ˣԲٷˡ죬һҪ취ЦζիĶҲȥˣûҵңФЦаġ
һҪЦ֪ҵҪף˭ϴ󣡡ФЦҧгݣʶһŵĲ豭Ӳ˷ĩ

ФЦѹԼոʲô֮󡭡
ҵĲ豭ϲĲ豭豭Ϻõİ


 113 

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ҲҸ˼ˣЩ书̫Ȳ㣬㲻ܼޡۿǼ
书ʲôϵ϶ǲΪȻҲãԺӮ
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Ц˵ӣТʱԼǺֵõġ
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ӦûɡТҲҿ϶ţһս㻹ǲϼ㣬ɲңҪֻܹԼ࣡

 114 

ϣһΧڳĴߵźϲˡ
ôôСǰտյӣǲǰѺˣûˡ
Сţ۾Ÿӹˡ
˿ӣһεؿźӡ
ⲻǸǣѿȥ۸Ͻֻסӣһһɹȥ
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һ꼫ɫ
Ưɫҿɴûء϶ϲؿɫ˵ȥá
ɫ˿ر֮⣬Ƹһûʲôͬһõ϶֪ˣⲢһǺ۲֪ʲôġ
Сۣû뵽ڵվȻõʳԼ϶ɫɢ۵ζһϲ޵
϶㣬ɫصΪģϲϲһŵӡ
ϲҲϲɫɫңҵȻϲˡ϶СѻŻ󷽵Ļ˻֣ˣСۣôгĵǸķϣҲˣϽϲ˰ɡ϶һıף綼ûʲôˡ
ǡһ϶ʱе㼱ˣ뿪ڣȴ϶ȡ
СۣȻû۹⣬Ҽˣ˭ұأȻǲƽϵġ϶ΪԼǸϽѻ˵ڸϽϲˣǴҶء
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Ǳ˵ˣôǾԾԲġ϶ҧס˴Ŀ˺һۡ
ս㣬ҿҲǶԺ顣ƫƫֲͬһʲôˡТ۲϶ãڿڵս㣬㲻Ϊ֮˵Ҳð취
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Ҽ޸Сۣҵɷ»鵱ձС

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ģǺööФЦһ˵һ߿űӲҰױɴ͵ĺۡ
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һͬĿźۡ
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˵ôֵʮӡТһŵӣУ㲻ҪˣĻʳʮһģ֮ǰֻ죬ˣٸʮСˣӦûǮˣȸϺˣΪӰǷʮأɱʡ
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СӣͰҪȥ׼ˡТشЦһҪͣһҪӮһҪѳΪǸСһǧӮ֡
ģҲġЦԼġ
ߣһԵФЦǲΪȻĿ˿
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ЦФЦ˶ſڿŽζիĵһš
ʽʼˡ

 115 

пˡζիݶվŵСԶԶ˹ýŹܵҵڣФЦЦһ
ЦФЦһһſڳȥ
ФЦһſţһһЦɨȥ
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ЦһǰӾ֮ǰڵλãһ˿һƫûС
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ЦһФЦľͷͲµһִ󷽵ĺܡ
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ڴ³¿̵Ц̺ԥһþŵֻӱХֱФЦ·˹ȥ
ƾҲ뵲ҵ·ФЦһЦտٵĻơƻֻХӱı˷򣬼ͬʱ䵽˽һſϡ
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ã֪ЦͼФЦһϽſڳȥ

 116 

ЦӴζիζիǽֱǶСγȥ
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˭ϣڴҸԶò϶Լǳһһʱ䣬ζիһԵĳһţͲˡ
ζիԷԽԽ࣬ЦҪФЦˣҪкˡϲˡʰӣһʱæת޲óʮ˫źá
һ磬ڲͣæµкܿĹȥˡ
һˣζիĴֹˡ
۵ðЦϢһ
ФЦһۣصЦôһ۳ˣǲеģϵζիøãҲࡣӿ϶Ӧˣɴھˣʡõ»Ҫù
ФЦĻЦֻװûҪŸФЦ˵ģɲܰԼ˷ڸФЦ붷ϡ
緹СһŵФЦǰһŵЦǰϡ
Ц̻
˵ЦȻҲ֪˶ˣҵĹƣõĿ϶ûҶࡣФЦһֺӣǰߵĿˣһǶִ󷽵úܡ
Ҳ֪ФǰǱߵĿ˳ж󷽣ֻ֪ǰλҳúܾϷ˳ִ󷽵ĺܣ֪Ҷ𣿡Ц¿ӣЦеФЦʵ
٣ФЦǺ֪
ЦصһЦ㣡
Цһ˵꣬ϰͷר־Ŀʼ
㡭ФЦĵЦһۣҲӿʼ
ЦɱеҪѶԸˣĿ˾ȻԼٺܶࡣȻԼֵĿ˶Ǹر󷽵һ֣Ҳܿ϶ЦǱߵĸþͲˣοЦϷ˴ԼˡҪ֪Ϸˣûڶʮġ
һЩЩΣеФЦ밵µһҪ׺ݸƴһҪѰϵĿԼߡ
Ц۽ƳФЦһۡ
ФЦǺѶԸãԼɱûʹء
ΣЦһЦݡ
һӣԹԵĵҵĻɣ
ЦĲֱ𣿡ζի֮ǰФЦЦһ顣
ФǰֱˡҪֱ䣬ҲҪһˣǧͺáЦش
룡ӮģΪʲôҪ䣿ФЦ뻹һм񣬡Ӯˣҵһ£Ҫдָң
ФǰдҲѡҪҪˣҲдģҲе㰲οЦ·һФЦӡ
һҪ㡭ФЦһصӣյЦߣССΪҲչ벻Щ޷ȵɵԸոصҵĶַѨŵˡ
ФǰȻǺ˰̫ܵˡФЦǣЦû¶Ž޴ıʰһ
ߣ˸ȤФЦһٸЦϻҪֱж
ζիĴһδˡ
Ц͵дָҺˣФЦ۽⣬ֻŽϵĵһš
ФǰģóһӸ֮󣬲Ҫд֣ҶġФЦ룬ЦҪɵĶࡣ
ЦڴʲôˣФЦ뻳ɵؿ
Фǰ̫ˡЦһʵࡣ
ФЦ뻹һĻɲšЦʵˣǸӰТǷǳĽƻѶԸġ
ˣ˵Т翪ʼûˡ
ҶأȥˣФЦ
úһˣнŵģô֪ȥĶˡЦҡͷʾԼʲôҲ֪ФǰҪ͸Ͻȥˡζիһк˾͹ˡ
ФЦһۡ
ˣпˣС˵Ķ
ФЦЦ˶ӡ
Ȼ֪˭ȳ֣˾Ķˡ
һεļҳ̶ȣʤһ
ʱ򶼸׺ˡΪ˷ֹ̫ͶˣСһ㵽̨档
ֹ׺ݣֱײˡʸ̾ҪФЦ˵ʱҲôײУһٵа±Ҫڴˡ
Ҫŵÿ˲ҽţܴøʡΪڽſڹ̨Ͽýζ
ۿ˾ͬʱ嵽ſڣϧЦȴһ̱ФЦҵһһƣɳȥ
Цײǽ֮ǰء
Լ书̫ˡҪФЦĲˣϵղһܰԼ˴еġ
ФЦǿ϶Լ飬Ҫǻ˱أԼ񲻾Σˣ
УԼ׬Ǯ֮࣬һҲøӿ̿ŬУЦһʶԼ̫µ书Ҫԡ
͹٣밡ʱФЦѾĵİѿԼǰߡ
ФЦкµʱЦͻȻζի˽
ãФЦкˣֲ˿϶͹ԼˡЦһϲϽſӭȥ
ߵǰڣȴͻȻжԼٶԼɹ
ܶ㰡ҪǶˣǰ˾Ҫùˡ
Цεֻ̾һתһְԼϴŵëӳȥסɹһ˫ꡣ
ЦһתĹФЦѾɿĳ嵽˸ǰ
ФЦھЦߵʱ򣬻ܻĵĳûԼĨЦϡ
ЦߵذĨԼФЦѾѿ˴Լһȥˡ
㡭㱰ɡЦˡ
Ը⣬⡭ФЦ޳ܵػشҾǱˣô
ФЦĻشѪζիһڣΪЦҲһФЦ޳ܵĻѪȴûϵЦһ˦ĨȻ˭˵ҲôˣֻҪɲˣ
ζիһڵһαЦˡ
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣѾ֪ôܱԼЦϲĳ֮ˡ
ҵүΪʲôѾТأСض㣬ֻ첻
ȥǵϴˡ˽飬ʵ̫ҪһǿϴˣФЦ۸ǣҲǳͷ
ãϴ͡
̫ˣҼˡ
±һǾȥЦ˵ϴòá
ãȻá
ԽԽã
ζիһڼ۶Źˡ
ǣʵȫǲȫФǰʤǶˣѵ˼ȥǵϴǳͷ𣿡ΪĻô˲䰲
ΪܵܣЩ㲻ҪòãСеΪͷԹԵģСǸԡ
С磬㿴ּȺùֺƭɵС𣿡ΪСһۡ
ΪܵܣȻ˵ҲֻöԸּȲùֲƭĴӵķԸˡСеضųΪѻ˵ꡣ
Ȼ󣬳Ϊ˵סѨס죬˹̨档
ΪܵܣҲΪáȫΪ˽㡮úǰ¶˸еҳΪԴΪܵܣҪرϲ㣬µĵǻһý̸ءǧ𹼸Ƕһİ
Ϊֱۡ
ζիˡ
Ϊ书ϵĲ࣬ͳͳФЦߣЦİߣһ˶ûС
ФЦĶЦЦЦЦ䶨ˣ
ǿδأһӰԶԶЦ¶Цݡ
ФЦֵ˳ЦĿ⿴ȥһ֮£ФЦ϶ʱɫ
㡭㡭ȻóˣФЦҧгˣ̫ɡ̫޳ˡ
Фǰʵ̫ˣЦһǫӣҲֻǱԱôһ޳ôһѡ
ʵļƻȷʵô޳ôɵġֻԴﵽЧȫǿТû뵽ТֻǰԼļƻԸĶһ£ܴﵽЧ
Цֵ۾ˡ

 117 

ֻζիԶĵطһŷɫȹŮӣζի
ֻŮ֮˶ôһ˲㶡㶹󣬱ǲϵĻͷһĳ֮ɫ
ٿŮ󣬻򰵻󵨻Σôʮ֮ɫ˸š
ŮߵζիǰʱίһиֱһиٵĶ˼ˡ
ҵ졭졭졭ġζիõСˣʿˮˣǡǡǡǸáаŮװТ
áááƯƯƯҲſڳݲˣûû뵽ТŮװôƯ
ҵģ۷ֱˣΪʲôƫƫǸеģ
ТֱȻϵŮƯ˿óˡ
ζիһڳױТòˡ
ƯЦҲôˡ
Т⻻ŮװĴһƲۡ
һɫȹںڵͷɵһббƤķ١ѩ׵ϵЩɫ֬ƯĴҲͬɫЩķɫ֬ѩ׵ָϣҲȾ˷ɫĵޢ
ɫĴ磬ֱŮװТĵ㼡۽ǧĳˡ
ټТԵļˮ˫ͫͶת飬Ƶòǡ
ЦѾˣ۷ŹֱТͣ
ۿТߵζի⣬̧ţҪ߽ζիФЦϽǰס
ФЦТ߽ζի
ΪʲôҽТФЦ룬ϰ֮ǰӲѳ΢ЦջȥҲ
Т֪ʲô˼ФЦ뿴ТŵȺˣ˵ôЦұȴӰԭǾĴһתһȦΪЦȥˡ
Ҹ㣬ǴˣŮװҲǰװˡФЦТΪҲ߽ζիһġ㲻ζիЩȻҲζի
ĲҽζիȥТʡ
ȻˡФЦǼᶨⳡǣ浽һӵģԲ䡣ЩТΪЦĿˣǾԾԲܷŽζիġ
ȷТЩʵ
ȻȷФЦǼᶨޱȡ
Ǿˣȥ¥ˡТһνӣӽ쿪ʼ춼ŮװһȦȥ¥Էһһˣ緹ȥ
Т˵꣬תҪ߿
ȵȡһТҪȥ¥ФЦʱˣϽסТ㲻ȥ¥
ƾʲôȥ¥ԷТбФЦһۣѲ¥Ҳ㿪Ĳɣ
㲻ȥ¥첻ȥ졢졢ҲһȥФЦץТţһ֣ТʹһȺȥ¥ˡ
Т֪ôģЩˣǮˡд󲿷֣ζիĳ͡
ҪТ춼һŮﶵһȦȥ¥ԷζիžҪûˡֻҪʮ죬ζիʧ϶ͻᳬһˡ
ǺãҪ㲻ȥ¥ھҽȥТƳФЦһۡ
áФЦ봹
ФС㲻̫ĵġҰЦˣҲһͻ䣬һҲһҪҼЦТҪǰѿȥ¥ζի׬ӿɾҪ˼ҵȥˡʱˣ㻹СЩζիĳͳͳ¥ĳ͡
㡭ǺñɣФЦָָТ
û취Ӯ㣬ֻбɲУТһĵ⣬вФСøϽÿȻŤͷȥ¥
Тһ˵꣬̿ʼһ
Т֮ǰФЦѸһߣ·ó
Тͷһʤ߽ζի
ТһζիͿЦɵվţһ޵Ķͣ
һЦɵŮװúǲˬТϱˡСɵɵԼ̫ɰˡ
ЦȻһЦСӣɵʲôϽкˡ
ТһЦԵյЦʶֵĨĨãյýˮû
Тߵζիһȴӱ£ЦϽȥ衣
Щ֮ǰ򰵸Тˣһζի£ȲҼŽζի¶ˣ˽λþֲԼˡ
ֻһգ۵ĹЦ㾪ķԼһ룬ѾȫˡТǼӣֻ߸ˣȴӲʮˡ
׻ТȽϴ
Ц̾ˡԼ׻ǱȽϱֻսζիԼڸФЦ˵ʱеơТ˼ƻҪسһȦֱӸѿԼôĿ˰
ЦóݵТ٣
Тһۣҵƨ ТһۡЦЦΪ㣬ôǿҿ϶ǲģôҲеʵԵıʾС
ЦΪ㣬ôġТָԼüëЦ㿴Ϊ˰ŮװţҺݺİԼüëϸˡ
üëϸҲƯġЦϽο˵üë᳤ģȹͻ᳤ˡ
ТһϰԹؿСӣûΪŮװȴ˵
Сʲôʱ˵ˣЦĪԼոڰοòá
˵оСТٰһۣУ֮ǰ˵ʱкüζ㱻˵ŮӵϷˡ
˭Ϸ㣿ϽңҰȥЩȫʰˡЦһŭݡ
ˣЩȫԼʰˡТЦӣ˿˿ģ쿪ʼصҽҩһ¡µЩҩͶǲЩ쵰ùġ
һְһ١Ц˾ͷŹЩҵϷТĻ
ˡֻҪϴӦһ£ҾͺܸˡТЦȻһЦ
û⡣޷ТɫЦһΰݵТޱȶ˵Ц֮ˣ㾡˵ҪҸʲôС
ǺãӮ˱ٸϸ˵ТЦȥŪֲ˹ҿˡ
ЦһһȺҲˣ˹ȥ
ТҴҵıӰЦˡ
ΧһȺТЦݣˡ
ʮа ҪͳͳТˡСʼԼòˡ
û뵽ФСȻ˻ЦʿҲǺòײġ
û뵽ҲҵӰ
ФС̫ʧˣ˱Թ
ǵ̫ˡ˰š
֪ҵЦʤˡ˻ڲ

ΪФЦʤζիһڸʹˡ
½вٿ˽ζի
ЦæýŲմأڲȥФЦ
Т̫ǿЦȥкܶԶߡФЦôŬôвֻ˺ٵļˡ
ЦĶԽԽ࣬ƴƴ
ЦĵĶФЦ뼸Ŀ⣬Ųλ˼ӵԼİߡ
ɰ̫ˣȻТŮװʩ˼ơ֪ԼȥФЦ뿴ЦæµŵӰʹѵҵӰҵһӰ
찡ҵǱʲôˣȻôȻӦЦֻҪӮ͸һӡҵ찡ҵĵذҵӰФЦ봷ض㣬ڲ
ʹŵζիһڿҪʹһٱФЦ룬ʱԼù˲١
ϣò׵ȵһһͷ뿪ζիС϶ɿĳȥζիȴš
죬ƹģϽ㣬˭ӮˣȲĿʼߴζիƹ
ʵͲˣֻҪһ֪ʤˡƹ˹һСӷŵ̨ϣǿФСõ
ۣöడСһ˿ϣС첻һġ
ЦأЦж٣ͬһ˿ϣİʸæʡ
ƹ˹һСӡ
࣬ú㡣С֣ȥӡ
õġƹϽסЦء
УСһ
ƹһСӷŵ̨ϡ
ЦȻôС´ӳԾˡ
ƹСһۣЦЦȻһС
СѾһ쵰ˡ
ƹЦСӲһѣƵФЦһСԱߣǿ⻹𣿡
ҡͷ
찡ЦôģȻһ֮׬ôһɾӮһûФЦ롣
˵¸ӼᶨҪЦϴľġ
ֻҪЦǵϴФЦʲôµģ
һͶФЦϵĶעˡ
ФЦˣǺܸˡһܵѪǮТӮ˸⣬̲סѹˡ
ˣһͷɥӡТǸһͷɥӣЦǮҾͲҪˣѳΪǷҾˡ
һТĻζիһһˡ
ТǺ˰СϽ˹ȥѻΪǷТ
ТͷǷһЦΪΪ˭ҪҶġ
ЦʱһЦݵߵһФЦߡ
ФǰӮˣӦҵһءЦФЦ֡ЦһϲɫĵФЦɫҰܡ
ǷţȳΪˣ֮ǰǧһ㡭ФЦ뿴Цֱ֣Ҫ޳ˡ
һһ
찡ΪʲôԴЦûһӣ
찡ΪʲôȻЦû취أ
ФЦ̧ͷһ̾

 118 

ʱͻȻζիĴš
Сȥʲôˡʹѵ˵װФЦĶС
Сߵűߣһ죬˼ζիѾˣдˡ
ҲԷģһλФǰġ˹ĵ
СһϽٴһ㣺֪ʲô£
ҼҹרǲǮФǰɹĴ
װФЦһ嵽űߣС򿪴Ű
ͲͯӣФЦ϶ЦݣҾҪҵФǰˡ
¼ФǰϹФЦ빰
ضˣϽƱɡФЦȲ֡
˹Ʊر𽻴ܵФЦ룬¶Ҫ˳ФЦֱӵҪ֮£˽ȴָֻһӣӻͳһƱϹϾصݸФЦ룺ФǰǶʮƱ
ФЦƱһֺ֣Ǻǵĵ
˿ФЦֻŵƱû취ˣֻÿФǰ֪ҼС
ФЦͷҲ̧һߵƱһߵǼɵվˣϽȥ߳ΪС˵ˡ
Сӹ̨̽ͷѾ֪ˡ
漴Сְͷ˹̨棬ΪɰѨŵ־ó
ΪһɣСһۣԼӵ·ͬȥ
ڿԻؼˣΪװһӣʵѾˡ
뿪µĵطˣ㲻ٱЩ۸ˡ
һΪĳ֣һʼڽһ¡
¿˿ʵҼӻҴһһλĹ֪λںδ
ζիһһҪ͸һλ۹תڰТϡ
ǵ۹ֻһ⡪ТھȻûŵϱˣ
˿ҶТǱ߿ҲǸ俴˹ȥȻȻˡ
˶ŻûüŮװТһ֮ɫӻͳһذ˫ŵ˹ȥҼҹصġ
Ϊһ˸˶񣬼ˡ
ˣˣʹˡΪһ߳˺ţһȥ
ذТǲ׼ȥӵģһΪҪϷɿ
컹ҡΪһذ䵽ТϼҪҸֲ͸ģҪΪ㴩Ůװðˡ
͸ҼСӸ͸ʲô𣿡Тذа档̫ɺˣȻĿŵЦˡ
㣬Ҹ͸ذˡ⼸ʹľͽѵóΪ̵ʶڶ˷ʮԼҲТĶ֡ĲȥТתȥЦ״
ЦԣТ˹ȥ
Ҫذףѵ㻹ҲóΪʱˡ
ֻϧЦķӦʧ
ϲذҪϲšЦТùذף˿ҡҡͷذ׿ںģ־ֳһҲƯ䲻㡣ЦֻƯʺТʹá
㣬ôô˵ΪһЦذ׵ۣˡذǸأȻȲӰҲǴëϷǧ
ھȻԼ͸Ц
ТʱӲˡ
ڵͼδҲ̫ˡ
ذҪˡТְذ״Цû
˵ذײǸģΪߵسȥҪûذס
Тվذ׸߸߾óΪû취
ΪȻˣ书ȴûлָֻðТϣȥذס
СӰżҲТеذס
ΪǸΪֻƵȥТذס
ТĵİذһٸһŵͣóΪƴͣ
Ǳ˿ТСèСһųΪˡ
ѹǰԼһҪ·Сӽӻȥˡ
ԭСӱ۸
ԼãȻ;Ϊ·һʱ䣬СӶһࡣ
ԽԽԽԽѹȥס˳ΪСӣˣ¶ԲԲӡ
࣬ûµģ·ı£ڵ͸ϵѾǺܲˡҲġȴӲϵĳΪܵļ򣬱ŬֳТ߼ͼذס͸ذף˵ʲôҲ䵽Т
ֱ˼£ذĳΪıԣɴֻСһסТһŬ
СҵýҲȣҶ䣬ͷТŬѳΪ˦ǳΪӲֽŲãţƤһŲš
ɾʱͻȻѳΪТСӣҸոңһͳһҲҪ飬ϴСȥġСӣ͸Ͻ߰ɡ
˵꣬˳ΪֱӰζիŵķȥ
Ŀ֮¶ıߵĳΪľٶᣬסԼ
ʲôã书ãԼ͸ҲĹƫƫһ·˵ʱһɳЩ˿Цõ
ȵȡۿΪҪζիТͻȻһФСˣΪǷʮʳء
԰ФЦ뱻ТһѣϽ嵽űߣסȥ·ٸʮ
СӣͷԼĳΪ
Ϊʾ⣬УɿңԼ·ġ
СĵİѳΪ£ִӻһʮƱФЦ
УСӻǷҼСʮТЦʹһɫЦǰ֡
СӣֿΪ
Ϊڡ
ֽһӽЦ
һˡТΪдһǧǷչʾһ£һǧСӾͿԸؼȥˡ
Σ࿪ѯʣΪεؿڵ
ǣСӣֻʣˡ
ʲôΪʱˡ
ҪĻֻһ˻ȥˡТСӻǵѺ㻹һΡ
ΪСŰˡ
ܻؼңҪѺҪꣿҪ۸ҪȿҩҪͱթ
࣬ҪѺҪؼҡΪľס½ǲš
ҼСߣҴѺˡǰһ
书ûָһ˻ȥТһۡ
ǻСӼѺˡһϰѶԼĳΪƵТǰ
СӣģͻȥȡǮ㡣˵꣬תҪߡ
ҪΪϽȥס࣬ĿҪһؼҡ
СӡѳΪҲİǡ˭ûǮء˵ۿˡ
ؼңҲΪһ뵽ԼĿҩĿζˡ
СӡΪĨᣬҲˣСӣˣޣҲܰ

ۿΪ˾ҪͷʹˣһĶ˶
ΪͷһͿеΧ߿ýζζիƹһߣͶŶ
ǼСʾ⣬ƹֻһʱôң̲סҪ¶ӦӦ
Ϊ㱻ñȥ
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ˣˡФЦۺᣬҪЦˣˣϽöͭȥɣظҵˣ

 119 

Т˵öͭôĶôߣҪˣҵĻ᲻ġЦҡͷͼͭٸФЦȥغõúܣҪ׬ǮŲҪȥء
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Фǰöֻ֮ͭһҲҪúñģôܾءЦģһҪͭ˻ȥ
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ȳ˷ЦТ˸ФЦȥϢ
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׼￪ľ¥רֺǣͬ޸ңôǮأ׼ծˡ

 120 

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 122 

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 123 

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ģϿʼɽׯĶүТСȴüҴ书õĵزĽǣλҶүһϺľŮң粽롣Ůʹٲ֪ͣʲôͷٵĹϵΪܣɽׯδĶˡ

 124 

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ЦТʱΪɱ磬һ·뿪֮СκлȻҲȻ뿪š

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ͻСôҲùꡣТҲСС

ۿһ˽ŵεҡҡͷߵߵ棺СýԺ˵Ȱǰ½Ҫ
ǱسСŮŹԹϡ
ǰ֪ʲôҪģЦʵ
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׵ĵϣ˸°ǱرѵԹѭϵζϣܽһǰ˸ʧٵŮӡɲ֪ģڰ·ϾȻŮ첻³ͻȻɱ֡
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ۿҪСץסȴͻȻҧ˲ĶҩԾˡ˵ü
Сһ飬֮ǰ׷ŵǸŮӡҺ֮ǰ׼ȫǸŮȳҩԵ֮־ûȫʧᵽǡʱĵصѾǲԶǱϸϵ˸ǡܵĸ۵ˮջڴ˵е顣
ҶõˣһЩסţһЩ쵽ڸе˼죬һֱûʲôջ񡣿֮ǰȻдϸϵǡһǣѲ飬˵ҪҳʧŮӡ
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ֽŲ״ʮŰԹ̧ͷ˿ТȻԹԵһһŲ˻
찡ôôңȻȴܿµĹʮֱһӡ

 126 

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 129 

ǸŮܿˣ֮ǰЦТ˼ǸӢˬòŮӡ
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Тתͷ˵һҪģǸףôõЩֵġֻҪܸһ㣬֮ˡ

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