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 1 

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ݻף
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ƾɣ
ǰһ
ܼǣ
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ĪɱƬѩµĴʣЦƮȥԴǰ˵ѽκǺ¡һ꣬ᶾɽǽ꽭ϣ
ʵֻƳһۣתͷľݱ꽽ԽȻֶлգ¿ϲԽ
ǰ˿֦һеĳɫСߵػӦʲôʸϼȷҹҲҵ˲˽ĵطҴɱ˼Ѫ
ĪɱҲӹϸ׵̺ϣòˣͬѩһ䰵ҹ컨ЦȥǾͲ˰ɣҵС
վڴǰ˻һҾл̧٣²ѪϴֺԸһֻҶˮϴùɼ˵ƬƬҶӰӳǧκɢĳףȴһִĿĵİɫܺÿɫëʹ컯ľעĪɱķһ˫ɫⲻǺʲô
һڿ೰ЦĪɱЦõ⣬ԼһִƷһ㿴κ£վڴǰɫķ΢΢עԼȻ˾ɽĻľһԽ޹Խǰ綾
κøĥƤӣת߻ؼǰ£̧׵ھֵ½еôˣЫϢ
ĪɱҲбһԵУԼµЦҪ˵ءԭھҪ£ģֹǡ
˭
Īɱüһۣˡ˭Ȼǵͷˣ
Ӣǰͼ˵ͷˡλɶǳС˵˵ҪǾ˵ɹǸô죿
κһɱ
ھ˹еһھ֣ҵ֦꣬ï볯Ȩӻ񣬱Ƕ̸ǵġֻĪɱʵɱֶۣ»ҷв䵱̩ɽҪھͬ˺ĵѱһͬĶɣҵһ
뵽⣬òӱǸһֵ˥̸вʣһþӡ
Ӣ²룺˵常ҽɷָ㣬ҲͨҽϾ
˼æ֣ͷҽʦȻԱߵСͯʲôʱˣ
Сͯصүʱ̡
һţеѽǼҽʦԼεʱ䣬˿Ҫ߶һؿӢ
ӢֻõϾȥɡ̸ֻ֮¡
ҲƵĳȥӢӻֵǸ˵˵
ۿϾıӰʧźӢԵľ̲ס죺ͷûò
ӢһڣûǳѾǿˣȥɡ
ǵִѵǰĪɱΪ˱Ƴɺͻݣɱ̵Ӻɨ֣ÿʱÿ̶޹ĽͬɥǵĶ֣ ʱνɾֻܱǰֱ޵󱲣ǵ䵱ܷ¼֣Ҳ֣֮жüȦˡ
üʦ̫ǰǻݵĹѣ˽ƣȻĪɱͷʡǰץʮʿһѻ˳˶ɣʦ̫Աڻɽ̵δɢɢټһʦˣʣ±Ӣżľһˡ
ʦ㣬һҪǲᣬӢȻûϣǱ˷ʱˣȥԶķɵſ
˶ˣÿյֻʣӢֻԼù澲˲裺ϣû֡
ȻЦλӢӴӺ߳Ӣڿɳˣ
һΪӵĿΪݿȻͬһģֺ̳δ 
Ӣþò
Ӣ˹ˣҲ¶һ˿ϲָŴЦźļֵһӶԾǽܵھֵٶָ󰲾վһλӣһλٶԶ
ӢԾǰӢȻǸСʦ̫һһᣬСʦ̫Ȼͬףĳҵһ޺
ǵڡغˣ׻Ҳ˵ϡ
ԶֵܣԾǱȭʦ̫ηգ־ڴٳֽ˴ҵ˵ʶж಻ɼ壡
Ǽɫϣ̬ǫңһòͬԴֵﱻ΢΢һЦ
ӢҲԶӵĺ֢ʲôʱõģָò
ԶҪ𻰣һԵĵܵĪɱĽҩĶԼ»˭Խ⣿ֵܸһˣ
ԶӢҲҪллҩֿһҽҵܵؿϵˡ
ﴽߵЦʧ٣һֻʶؿڡ
ӢȻ֪Ľ
һԵľ⡰ָ˭ԶѾӵ˵κ˵Īɱ£һҥԣκӳĴ֮һκңһĸôᡣ˵ô캦Ϊ¡һԵĵܵܣ⻰
Ǿؿḡ˵ʱֳķȻʧղˡ
ӢҥԣѼϵľŵˮɣµЩ˸еĻ͹µĵӰЩһſٳԺӿȴƽ޲Īɱµһ
ȷѪ꣬Īɱ֪Ӣۺ֡гɱ֮ĺҪͬǸϵһ
ܣ󺰵ŵؿӢΪʲôҪôûô
ӢЦΨһһ飺Ҳ֪ΪʲôǲӦҲܼҪǰң˰ɡ





 2 

ҹºڷߡһѲӵļҶԺûע⵽һӰԾܡ
֪ǿ
ӰЦشǽԺԾϸߵݶӻͳһƤֽܿѲӣ촰Ծ͸ĳƹдд
˭˭ҹѾ߾ŵע촰¶İֻ䣬űȥ˰Ҳûлȥţ浹ڵϣ׵㾱ϲһöηڡ
½˳ӰƤֽ뻳Уұ·ļһԡ
ǽȥǽµƬ̣û׷Ծ֦̤żžĽеķᣬ䣬ھֺܽһҿջͣ£Ծ¥һȴ򿪵Ĵ
ôһӰЩϢϴڴǰһƽľȷԲҲûУŰγӵơһӰڻƵĵƹн
ˡ
еĻ˵أת˵ڴǰǸλԱߣղžȻ˿ûвϢ
ħ־ˡ
󡣡󻤷ʲôʱģ
Цһ㲻Ҫ¡ھֵ½չΣռʲô鱨
ҸոġһھֵĵͼͳƤֽ˫ֳϣͼĹ򣬴¹óһС̺£Ƶصĳ˳Ū࣬Ȼһԣؿרעͼֽ
ĵķ̣Ƴһۣصлл㣬һ仰ȴЦ˻ȥͼֽϸҪھеĻذҲͨͨ뻭⵽ʱ©֮㡣
վȥ
ͷÿһ㣬֮ǰŪ𣿡
ԥƬ̣У
ô˵жôţԾڡ
ʱǸڷĵҲ
ôˣϪΥԺۣϪΥվڴǰһַڴʾ
ֺֽţæ´չȥôˣ
ҹˡϪΥȻֵػͷô˷ܸ𣿡
ֺ޲ܴ¾ǽɱҹ߱ڣһ˳ֵˣ
ϪΥظһ˯⽭£㻹ô⵽ɣ
ֱͷһˣɲǣôһУھȻҲһƥĸھֳҪô
ϪΥưڵϣɻشУһ²ؼӣҹܲţҪȥĮ˵ֲҡ磬⵽Ȼҿûٵȥлһµ½ȥءҿɲ¿ǵǸھֽڣҲŪһƥ
ִԭء
ЫӢηڵݸ
ﷴ鿴⣺ôģֽڵݸԶ
ԶشܵܵϺ޾ĶŰŶ̶ЫԭǾ޾ǰϰȥ޾ͶĪɱ˶̵ĶȻ书ıһ㣬飬ھڵѾһ
ߵСʦ̫ѾǰѲҾ춼Ǩδھ˹ٸʦĳһ̣
˶ʿǣźΨӢĬС
ȻԶв׼׵𣿡
Զǡ˵ģԺǸ˶ʮʦǶֳֻרŶԸĪɱ¾ͨpľpˮppʮʿ
Ӣ룬Ƕϻװɡ
Цļ磺Ϳ˰ɣ֣ǻ׸ֿаʮʱ濪򣬴ôһôӦս
ӢĴСУˡϲվڸߴͳȫ֣תѸ٣ǵĻ㣬ҲûκΣҪʲôֵĺ룿ûˣתԶǾӡ
׼֣ڶҹĻʱȼܴȴȻ˴ֲ
»죬ɱ죬վ֦ϣȴǰȻ³Ȼɣһ˫ȴս֡
ҵˡԺǵĻһߣɢȴЧ赲ʮʿĽһ֣һź봩Խ׼ȷһʮλֻߵʺ
ӢܿһʿĹ˵ڶź룺ҿۺͷεݴԺ󣡡
ڵ»ӽսһԾһ֦˺˼ˡ
ѽѽ굹ȥˡ磬ðҲڳгΣ˵˵ڿĵ档
ֺӣҲЦһԾ£ɵ󣺡ðӡ
ﻹôΧļʿһӾͲˣתסˣӳ㵵
һԼİ׷ҵˣұԺ㻹ûҰɣ
ꡣκ
߽һЦſ
￴˫·𿴵һɫĺᣬһȦһȦеԼǸɫУ³⣬ɱΧһҲʶһϤٻɣɣһⱲҪĶѽ
￿ڵϡ
Ҫ۾!Ӣֲ֪ðʿס󺰡
ݺݵصһۣµɣҺúչӡ
һʿźʯĵʿ˵Ĳȥȴճյ¾
Ӣʿʱѹºʱһһߵ˳
һԻȻδﵽǰָҲҪɱ㵽ʲô
Цʲôɱ㣡
˵ֵͬʱȥ˫ͬʱʮӢ
ֿŻھ֡
ôҵĳ棬˳ǣ͵һƥӦò°ɣ
ڱ֮׷Ⱥϣ߽ھ֡
ӢѾ룬Ц֪Ұٶֻöң㻹ǲô˵ţȴȻ³һѪǺϾ綾ȻûãߵȴԴݻ
ЦһȻԶ֣̫ɣ̫ɣǻʲô
ٹҵսӳ⣬ÿ͵͵ͥԺէһĿɿڴҲһΪ͵ϮģԾݶ˳ָ롣
ۼֱȥӦһʧȻԲȻһޣϪΥ˸ǰ
ǰ׳հ֣СҪˣ
޶˵ܵܽѵֵĻҲˣصҽҲҪŪһƥ𡣡һʿֵϪΥһץӳǽڲݵϣյøպЩƤͷֲˡ
úôţٸҽùӳԣ
ϪΥ˸磬ӳ޶Ӧս
עŵµսʮʿͨݺὭ֣꣬˶ͷֻߣɲʧԵȲסʿĵɻıҪһɨ£ʿĽŲӣˤԺǽϡ
ϪΥպҪתȥ֣Ȼϴº֣
ϪΥʵسһȭҡҪ߿ֵҶ̣ҺɨΣ
ϪΥſһۣϵ˰׷ڻǷɣͬ·һ㣬Ҳ죬л̧١ֻҲˣԽԹҲȤҴˡҸ绹ңǡ
ϵЦɲˡһһ¸ϸС編̹⡣ϪΥ֪ãǽе졣ǸӡҲûа취˵һڣ㵹˵ϡ





 3 

Զֻͷһھ֡
ֺլԺֻʣһѶϱڲԫҶյֻס䡱ۻĴ֡һʦ۴룬ʣµҲˣȥҵеһھֵĻԻѳɹ̣Ҳ֪ҪȵʱҲʹͬԿ̵Ĵһ
Ӣļ磺߰ɡ
ǵģûꡣǵ˻ڣھֿؽֵĶһҪײ򻹽޹ܵǣա
ҲЩҲᷢӢ׻ھΡ
ԶЦô˺ͿĪɱһҪô齵̣ΪҪôһ󻼣ʲô֮˵ھܵΪھ֣ڰ꣬Ϊ֮£ھˣնҪĪɱӱ
һԵľҲܸȾѵ壬ֻҪŽһ𣬶޹ߣ򶾽ָ
ҲͷллֻͷˣϹӣкδ㣿
ѿڵҵһҵܵʲô취𣿡
³ɵܲûе̵ˡ
ּǸ֪ʲộҵܵȻЩ书һֱæڶ鿼ԡ˾٣˼٣ȥݷһѣô֪·л޶˱˽ٳ֣
ӢȲʶ̵ˣǲɱˡֻ
ּˣʲôѽҵܵܲΣհɣҿվϵĸͲˣôİͷץϪΥòҪɲİɣǸǺãȻǻǱٰɣ
飬Ҷסˡһ˴Цֹϣ⵹Ǹ飡Ϲӣףڵſǰûȥȥ
ֵһָ߰ϪΥóճɵɵ˿ɱ
Ҫöש
ӢҲǲܡûнӵݺݵĵӣ˼˽书ץҪ£Ȼ˵ҩһľˣû˼άƾ˵ǲľżһʦ˶̵ɱ˹ߣѳΪеһԱ
Ҳû뵽»䵽ԼϣĪ޴롣
ӢϹӲõģ֮һ֣ʱһ⣬һлͰܾȳħߡ㾡еǵĺϢ
ϣ书ûеּҡҡͷҸһȥǻ֪ϪΥһɱ˹ߣһ˵ǡڣôġ
Ӣʱ˶ȥʱȴչ˺ƺƵĶ顣һ˴ƽԭԽɽ룬ҹڣҲڵĴɽֲԶˡ
⣬Ϊصʹ̾˵شƣԶҼ罭ϵɽҲȲﰡ
ӢôϹҲǽʿ𣿡
Цǡʦ̫˵漮ຼˣҼ򲻵ʮأ˵һͬأ
һԵϹӴɲ׽λĳǲɵҲѵܾܵȳġˣ㿴ɽһָԶɽɽǶ̵ܽڵءܵ˵ǶĪɱ˲赹ˮأ
ֲ˵ˣרעؿŻɽ
ĪɱбӣЦؿޱ飬ľȻߵǰˣ˭ʲô֣
ʵ˻еػشҽϪΥƷ⺲֡
ǸءĪɱЦһָǰҡڵԡҪ˵ҽߣǶ̵˵һ飬˭
編ƵҽߣǶ̵
߹ˣŪģߣԷ
еľȻ߹ȥ
ĪɱˣôͻŪˣЫôãǻúúõģȻЦСòǳԴ˰ɣ
ѿԶЦò˺һ仰ǽⶾʣҲЫмҴ黤һ㿿̫߲С½ǺŶĴˣߣԷ
ԱߵЫꡱЦĪɱһۣȥȫֻôĪɱ˵Ҳֻ˵֮û̱֮һֵĬ
ȫûпĪɱ߳ŭŵź㣬붼롣ɱһûùأЩָһʦùһûϢˡл㿴ִҪﾡãߣ԰׷Բˡôô鷳ǲҩ¹ˣ
ĪɱתŭΪϲЦҵħһ¥С㿴ҵĻҪʲôҵȻᷴԣֻҶЩľˣһЩЦ˼
ֱеʣòθЩҲһɣ
ĪɱһƣЦſӢľ˲𣿡
ֻﻮҪ
Ӣ˸磬ո·æټȾ˷纮ۼԶɽͷ˵ǿЩߣҪˡ
ǰعͷŪôһɽĳ׳ۣӦúúøܸܣ
ԶֹѾһ书ҲûУʦ̫Ůӣôصס貳ꣿ㣬ֻԼ
һսڼӢҪȰ裬ȻѾâǰ澲Ǻǿûɵһţͻͻ޹ƵģöĤͷԷ裬æȥ
ֻɽ·һʯ˸ˣŰ£׷ӵʯϣһ˫עǣ˭
ѿڵ
ɨͣӢϣҵܾˡ






 4 

ӢŰ˳Ѿӭ˹ȥȴƹֻһһ߹ںûǽľ棬ûԶŭܵܣҲû־ʧʣʧϵӢֻõӢҲӢܾúܾǰǸʶǲĳʱһ
ߵӢ£֣Ӣػվšжûڰ쿴Դӡ˶̵Ĵ󻤷Ϊֻںҹûɱε֮İ°׷̫ҫۣһŰ׹⣬˲ֱӡ
ӢȻ˫㣬ѿڵôֲЬ
ûдһ˫ѩסӢΧ˶סˮȻأֲϵ
ӢǰĿ½һƬ׹⣬΢Ű˵ķ˿ֱϸϸˮһ㡣ڵ㲻
Ȼſŭ˵ʲô
ӢӰ˽㲻κʲôˣΪʲôҪӣ
ˣѾָʺЦȻûȫһϳҼٰǾ㣬Ӣ֒Ƥժͷӵһԣ˿ͫī񣬷üޣȻǸӢ˵Ůӡ
ҲָŮӣԲ˵㡣㡣㵽˭
Ůؿһһٵң
ע¸оһˮͷൽšŮɱ̫ء
Ӣԭ㡣
Ůתص֪ң
Ӣͷ
ͷϵľǣϴϺԺ˵軹һ䲻ûиͶ̣ɻǵŮӵ֣
˼Ƭ̵иңĸŮĸ˫СǼҡױĴˣͨװ֮
ңˣǡָΪδޡ
ڳģ֣Ȼˡ򶾽ҪˣͶˡ
ȽеҪҪطˣǸ磬δĸԸĪɱ£ǶһԱɽЫҪ÷Ҫ꣬ھ֮ǿûⱾ°Ͷ
ңȻŭ˵аǺԣŻʦΪ֮£һɱһѩǰܣҾ޾
ۿʲôʸ˵ĲǣǰǺǱĻʩ˶һ俳ɱ
һ
ָ㡣һֱڸǣ
ң󷽵ͷЦˣҰǰͨͨһ飬ͺκЩ˵£
Ӣ̲סʲô˵ģûȰ硣
ңʱһ㺮ҲȰֻҪҼҲǣǺĪƶˣû³һҪ֪Ҫֹ̼֣ΪŮӣΪҲԸԾղҲҵ֮Сѵ̨棬ԸЩаҲɿã
һͦգնħıֵŮкܡӢԥҵȻӭֻȲӣҲңҲˡ̵Ĵ󻤷ҲҲκ𣿡
ңҧŴ죬ãֻҪұ磡
ɽˡ
˵ϸ겻ϣƣ⣬ݷļ࣬紺աż룬Ͱ֪ڻɾ֮УĸԸĻݡ
ɽͤУŸֶﻶʳĵеزŪңȻЫȲҲȣרעؿصıӰĶţˮһһͣȲߡ
ԶԶһЦһӰƮȻͣͤ£ʰͤУκÿ˺ɱŨҩѸо
תȴδͣصԼ֪ȻθߣüƤ͵ܰߣߣͣ£ˣΪʲôǲҵ
ĪɱЦԱ£ȥɣôһ϶Ҫġ
ľȻתһǡȻ
ŭվĪɱʲô£
ĪɱҲ⣬ЦҪһħȫûԷĻɣ˸бϣŵϸѱ˹УԭҲСС㿴һȥ
ϲ˿飺ء
Īɱ޵ֻڶ࣬β룬һһԸʤ䷳ҸĴɣɱӺҲãҲգСɵȻӭж⡣ЦͷСˣ㵹˵˵׵ĵùѡ˭أ
ޱ飺κҡ
ЫеĲӦ䣬һؿ۽Ŷ˹̵Ȳ裬ȴκηӦƽصκĴ֮һڽպգظɾΪհĴң˾˳ңͶˣƴǶãҲֵκˡ
ЫŵؿŰˡھѪδҵʱȻ˿͹пϣѪ飡
Īɱ͵صͷЦ˴ִУЫΪǰ棬߰ڻʮʿһ̵ǲϴֵˣǿɲٽʧ
Ы˫˫ϥأУ
ĪɱֻҪǽɱ㶼ȫˡ





 5 

ȻκլׯϵĴǰ
ʱ·ﾲֹǰǰһҶԣɫĴ°߲ŵҶŻܽȥò⣬ؿСʱֻؼŵĴʯʨϡůչϣֻص˵Ƥɵͯꡣ
үֵˣʲôү
Ը̧ͷɫȻһŹӰ߳쳣ȴ˪ӡκҵļ˳ơġκͣĪɱΪһӣȴһаȣ綾һɽ߲ʡ
κҲĸ硣
κվڸ߸ߵ̨ϸӵʯͬմ˯ãȻİˣôĪɱùκˣ
̨׵ǰ´ȴȻѵ˫ЬҲûУЦӣκҵѱ㶪⣬㻹˼ѾϳκûûͥɳĲФκҲûΪŰɢĵܵܣĶĶȥ˿ΪκҲĴ
ҲЦκҪˣͣκȴһֱ򣬽Ҫ֪ʹܵ˿һκмģκκͶߣ˵ȫ˰ʮˣκ
κͼģŭ⣺ң
Ѿ뿪ԣ΢΢ȫЦ⣺ҪҪԿ
Цݹɰȴ˲һƵκҲס
ƺú棬Цһָߣں𣬸磿һܣھֵŲҰġκ;Ѿƹȥҳ;ôҲҺȱɣκ
վԭصκ̯Լƣһϸ
κңסϵķ¥ʱסվɿԶɽˮϵĵ㻭ĽѱĪɱ췭ظȴȻһ˿ûʶΣ
һȷѪ꼴ϯƽҲ޷ġ̾˿߽ѾõС¥
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 6 

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 7 

ңһֿһ̵ӣ̧ͷ߸ߵ֦һ˫˵ظս
Ѿұκׯ衣һǱˣݺݵע
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յʸܿɢȺĳڸʽҩʿֻͷӬƵ԰תããзߵټ
ߵļսѷֵ֣ĵܵܣˣ޻ͻϮƣٲҲҪɥ֮ˡ󳯶Էһػ߳ţֱҪȥû취ˣӢ˵ʱ죬æȥʣ磬
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 8 

Ѿ˼˺ܶ졣
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 9 

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ĪɱΧо˰죬ѪҺȻҩԣҲ˵ǽⶾʶҩһѭõҩˣʲôܱĪɱ˷ܣγ谮ħ󻤷ȫǻԾٶо֮
ǰٶ֣κζϮ޸оӢһͨ˷ܵʹһû٣ĽⶾʲǿҪһҪܳһʱ䡣ͱ裬ùķһҲ죬Ҳоֳõľʹʹĥ죡
ҩס꣬ҩˣûһղֶĥȥ뵽ĪɱֺҩƵƬ̲ͣľʹͻ֮䲻һᡣ
ʱҩһչȥˣԼͷԽԽףÿϴҩ¯͸Ļӳˮϣζŵķһ׷ĹףЩԹĶʵû⣬ֻһҩԻѹڣɴ컯ŻЩԽԽҩҲסĪɱֻٰðеһŸħʱѹƶԡʱΪħĪɱѪϴ֣ǧĶ̴󻤷
ҩȻĪɱĹ񱣬İǰֺδսʱҲһмһ¯ǽŸ߸ߵļӣ˸ϡŹֵĶҩͷ˼Ĳϣһǿյģһ̺˯꣬ϰߡÿʹֻ̣пů̺ϲϢͺһֻůסԼϡ
ƿҩڱᣬȻ˽ŲŻضҩݳǿʼɡ





 10 

ĪɱָǰֱΪɫpɫͺɫСƿ߲ܵ߳ݵ߿Ѫǻ⣬֮ƮƮɻ뼫ֻ֣ҪԱ߸һУǻ񵤣Чһ̣֮ھ٣ڳ֬ˮ
齩Ӳڲסһ˿Щ𣿡
ĪɱЦֵ⣺־зĶҩԣ潵̵˺Ȼһ¶˵ǵ˫
ںҩ¯ĵ˰죬óһɫС«ǰĵ
ӹǻðź̵ĺ«Īɱ˷ֽŵı飬ͻδйĿֻţЧΣ
ĵǧ֮רŶԸЩνİٶ֮ˡһȥǶʥҽɣɥҲδصеסȻЦ֪ҪԸ˭𣿡
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ĪɱЦ˵һ᲻ɱϧ鷳ץľв˶ҩûӦһôҲûУֻʹɱˡҵСò۰ɣ
ЦԸҩҺԺ󣬻𣿡
Īɱȥǵסĸ첲㲻ҪֻǸʵƷһôõЧġ
תͷһ˫Ҳ˵һǿܻˣ㲻Ҳ׼ȷֵرԣо𣿡
ĪɱЦû˿ģҪһеġ
Ҳãҵһ˺ܾáγ«ͷҩ衣
ҩһ¶Ǿ̷򾲵ţһҩգҲգһֱۣĪɱֵı顣
ʹһӾ硣һȺ֪ĵһֻֻķؿɿ˫ֽգðϸ̲סüһֳŵϣʮָʼؿס棬ǽڷ׵ÿ£ϳɵγɵεĺ鲻ͣ䣬ѾɷסĪɱæ˵һֽʸ©©ðǰڱϼһ֣˵ôûӦΪôҩءҩĶǺ׶Ķʮ߱ӦǷӦҲŶԡ
仰û˵꣬Ȼһҽеڵϣͣײ˸©ĪɱӰԼ¼æ©վԶʸꡡٿѾֹͣ˷ǰɫӰڵһţѾʹݡһֻֽסؿڣ½Ҳ˺ˣָ˺۱鲼ץһѪۣҪԼ·ڳʲôһֻȴǰȻץס˻òԶĪɱһǴۡ
סǿ۽ţ֮ĪɱôҲйʾɢ˵־ѲĪɱϾͻʹûȥֱû˺סۣͷ
ⶾҩȴǷǱѰ˺ֹǧֶûһηӦһҡǰǾأԼǽذĪɱһԲŲæ¼꿪ӦͿԸһʱ鿴һΡеʱܴ𻰣ĪɱԼ¼øϸǹҲֱӰѼ¼ӸĪɱֻҪͷʱβͺˡΣȻ
ץסĪɱһ۽ţץסһݡ̵ľʹҲģˣֻ˵֣ĪɱۡĪɱĪɱ
ĺ΢Īɱÿֶȥˣеıûٶһ¡վһĺ΢ȥȻ˺ǿ۽ŰǯƣȴûгţߵȡһֻСͲ浹ŵɫҩ飬ŽˮˮסѾ֫鴤ȥ
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ĪɱˮҲ֪˶ã۾ȻʹڣѾ԰ȥˣĪɱıӰʵʧˡΪʲôҪңղŵɫϵãǽ˵ٲ˻¶굤û뵽Ĵڣû뵽ĪɱȻˡ
ĪɱͷһûϡĪϡЦݣʵղΪʲôҵ֣ΪʲôˣӢ
ƲΪ󿴵㣬ӢĻѾˡ
ĪɱЦǰոе֣ǲҵ¶굤СģŵţԺûˡ
صӢͲʲôˣˣԺҲɡֵǵõħʱ˵ħ书ĻᱻħɡȥκңӢնһ˿ħһ¾𣿡
ĪɱͷݸΪףû׷һƬġ
̧ͷĪɱոնˡ
Īɱһ㸴ЦǰұҲΪԼ֮أû뵽û뵽ԼȻ²ȥɱ֡ͷһ˫ипЦΪΨһһҩpҵˡ
Ҳǲ㣬Ҳǲ㡣ҸоĹµ
ĪɱЦϹµֲֻһˡ
˹µܿЦ
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¼ӵУߵſڣȻûлͷܶû˸˵ЩˣҾȻиоҲֻزԶˡ
߳ҩš
ǸҲͬ޵̺룬ؿץӸѵΪһݾˡⳡȷѪԴͷǻݣĪɱˣָҪκɣ






 11 

һ˸æµšֵ֪ܲ䵽ȥˣңҪ־ôҪݣǽ鱨ֲӰ
Ӣ˽һãȻóһλµľɫŮӣסĵط
ŮӲʮ߰꣬òһѩ׵ķȹ·һ˫۾ĴӷɨɨˣҶĿתؿ˫΢ȻһЦ崿ˣ紺յһ㣬յӶʱ
Ӣ˶óˣϵϡžડһڵϡ
ĹӸ粻֪ĿðӢյǰ˫һѽⲻŮ𣿣Ůãҽܣǿھֵģĸ˫ȫһֳһܼ彡ò޲ȺãշܸɣܴһֺõӡʲôʱпҴҪТĸţŮáŮ߰ɷ֪
ԶԼĵܴܵߵظ˼ҹ󣬸һҡͷ̾˿
ӢεػסôҲϳİŮӣ˽ܵλǹ⣬ֲæǣԺ͸鱨ɡ
ǸмسӢһЦлæأ΢ЦųӢİŮӵɣҴȥΧתת
Ůӵ̽ͷǶͺá
۹תһȦĶȥˣ
ӴҩһƤһֻصú˯һͥԺʱȴЫ
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߰ڰ֣ʾⲻҪáˡ
ЫԥƬ̣ȻԺǽˣΪЩ˲ֵġ
ЦЦûдʵʲô𣿡
ЫŶиɵɽ¿źҪ붾̣ҿһ书ҩҲֱɱɽʡû뵽ˣ˵ߵĸ磬Ҫˡɻؿ
ȫϵĲʹ˷ܶеص
Ыָָ֣ߣ߷Ҫסһ𡣡
̧ȱҪԺȥЫסˣһ£˵أ
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Ыҡͷ֪ղ㣬ҪȥţҪһ̽ڽܸ㡣˵ǸŮˣ׹ǰһֶҩܸˣһ
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´длĪɱȴҪԼⲻ˵ĪɱԹŹֻ֣˵Ҫ֮ĪɱģһΪĸ
Īɱķĸкܴ룬ЦݹˣסôڳĹһķкܶ飬ַ˷ǹƶƹҩʹõģЩǰǰĹ±һ᲻Ҳ֪ôռġȶ˰
Ȼ뵽ĪɱҩſıӰпǾþɣģƽʱôͬôϰ˸й񱣿뵽ҪġĵߣƳŮôҲϰʮձòªŤ˫۷ųĹâͬš
ΪԼԺǸа̿Żԭʱ⴫˵Ц
һЦ߽һλŮŮʮ꣬կȹ˫٣ϸĴ˿˼Ȧǰһ̧һ㣬ϻײ죬οɰ
ЩɵˣŮЦķ仹ôѹְʲôĳ𣿡
˵úǰʶƵġһЦ
Ůعͷ˫ֲص˵˵𣿡
УĪɱŮƳִŮֽǣڣǰܵ¹ó¹ƶѾʶˡ£ɲҵĳҵĴ󻤷Ƣ˵С
¡ЦҲŲأҪ۸Ҿ͸˵ұĶԲԣһ˫ںڵֱضĪɱκ˶޷ܾһλŮһ۹⣬ĪɱҲ⡣
ŮЦЦĹһڰķ䣬κһŮ˶УȻҵĴ󻤷۸¹һݺݷ
մҩһλôҲмּǺޣƫƫĪɱҪһţȲ仨԰ͻɽɽɽϵɽֲܲȫιһ飬ǲϷʤ䷳ֲ÷ò׵ȵҹûԼķ䣬ŤͷȥԺ
ϼֵܹȻû˯űڰĿתضţŽͷҲû̧һ£Դ˯֡ᡱôˣôˣ
Цҡ
־ŻƵĵƹ⽥վ°ɫӰ°ܵܣֽİ׷ˡȻˣ濴Ǽɵһԣʶػں޷Ӧĵܵǰ
ĿһЦ㲻Ҫ£Ҳôġ
ֿĿİҡû£˶ˣӦĶң
üӦĶҴӦʲô𣿡
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һ򣺡Ŷԭ˵°û߲ҲûҪóԺúȵд㣬ҿأ
֪Լ̣ϻɽһ壬ûֳܱ֤ŵ߾ȹ󻤷֪ǿҵܵܵ֡ǻ֪ɣʵԴҲرǽԵͷ״ԪأֻҪϵĶһΪ̳࣡СҲʲôˣûʲô¸ɲģԺ϶رȰҵҾҲߣ˵ⷬԼһô¡һϪΥˣϻһħͷ
ЦһˣҪôܸҾ͸ܸҩˣⲻԼвҵĵλ𣿡ô᲻ֵ֪˼ĶȻǷȥֵļ򣺡ˣأͰĵغһסû˻ô¹һ赹ԣǱҲػȥˣҲ᲻ûȥʲôҪ˵ߣ飬ȥ˯ɡ
Ժһ·пվǰ³˼ȻһӰǰ䷿һԡ
ô죿Ӧð
ڵķ䡣






 12 

ҵСòڳԴװɣ⼸ΪһЩȻҸĪɱųԵһĹϹһ˫ЦעǰǱֱ˵öˣ֪ܣ
ͷ۲ѣ䵭ı飬ҹȷʵ¹͵͵ӽ
ĪɱЦ㶼ˣûʲôֵģ˵ǿԷֿģ㣬ֻݡְʢĴ̣ҹȷڷڡҲ¹ȥҷȥҩҩҲ˵һã˾ͻ
ǣȻͤ´ŮĽЦ˭࣬˿裬һͤ
ĪɱЦã󻤷Ȥ£ȻҸ㡣
æеͷ󺹡ĪɱȷԽԽƫˣ֪Смɻ
ĪɱЦһۣԽԵ˵һƶ
һ
¡Цʲôûɵģұ͸Īһƶţö¸֮ټƶƣɱԸ£֮𣡽˵ö𣿡ָһ۹͵Īɱڱߡ
Īɱҧһ۹ϣǴӿסֻС֣ԶԶԣѵһ֪¹ﲻĪĳ֪Īĳĵ֣ܵùԣĪĳĸְ˭˵ĲǣҶ
¹ɬ조Цһת󻤷ҲʧڽɢҺͽĹϵϾ书΢һƶı£Щ»󻤷ɣ
ⷬ˵üȷܺõ˾á
ĪɱŮһ˫עŮĿͺ飺ѵʶ壬Ǻ޴󻤷ά˽Žᣬһ뷨Ӻú㣡Ժϵ黹Ҫɲѽˣɽôãһû̹ĳأԹյĲˣ
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ĪɱֻСַؿڣһ飺˼˵ץסһ˵θץסģﲻץסҵڲ¶ڹʯȹ£ĪĳҲĸԸ֮ã
˵ˣκ죬ɿܳͤӡ
ӰδʧĪɱѻָһƽϵĲһڣţëⲻСҪҪ
ݹĲ룬ûºߵ㿴ǣõһؿ湷úӣһأλﰮڻɽʲôȥδĽҿǲ𣡡
ĪɱָıЦ㿴ӣ˵ڳԴף˵𣿡
Īɱ˵ʲô
ĪɱŲ룬ˮҶҲǵö˵ԸĻȷʵϲ˳Ҳڵʱȥҷ䡣
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ĪɱЦһ⣺Сĵ㣬ҲźŶ
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ĪɱЦſ
Ы󣬴²ڣҸ飬öԸ԰ȻƳ׾Ӱ
ϪΥĻһһ籣֤ٲˣ
ֻľȻؿҡͷҲûСɥڵϡ
߹ȥ׷ˣǲĻġֻħߵ
ּһµӵ˭˵ģҵģѾԺһһߵΪ֤ٴת˫֣ɫ᣺ϪΥǸ簡һòã
ʱĺԽ˳ʱգۺʱεأһᶨس˫֡
˫Ŀ͵߹ʹسǰһ
̫ˣ̫ˣָ˵˵ϣһƵؿ
Ҳ֡ħ㣬Բߣ֣Ȼʲô书Ҳᡣʲôν˵Īɱٸľ˶ǹ¼ҹˣ
ֵܺðɣһԺʯ£ʾ֡
ҲȷʵߵˣԶĵطнµӷϲˮݸһ
ðɡ˵⻰ԼýÿҲкãϴѾûѵܹ
ƳһվĿնԶʵߣЦû֣߿ʱһɣľҲһҼġ
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Ų˵ˣתƻס˺ܳһʱɣ£ӵûһЩ˰ɣǳǳһڣԽڻɽļľϡ
Ҳ֪ӻˣŴǶܺã˵ĽҲԽԽˣҶŷ
𣿡ص￴
뵽ǸδЦԶæһҲͣĳĬˣĺ޲ʮ޺޵ص˵治ϢͲÿ룬ǰɣ㣡
΢΢һЦͷ浽һ죬ͻصˡǲʺϰֵģһ΢İ׹⣬ӷ˿£޾İﻹǺҹֻݾ̵ĺ
òҪҪοѾ̧ͷһȻضЦ֪ǹȥ£˵ġ
Ӣæ층ңĻظһ飬ûǼӢ뿪ʱǸıӰ
ȴûʾһȤܴ󣺡ңʲôˣ
ֵ˵Ыδޣô㲻֪κ԰Ҳֹӣ
һҲûǸ⸵ңЩ˼ǵĹȥЩ˶֪ôðôˡһȻվôʲôȥ֪ˣ
ӰںӹֻʣһںߣĿ͵ߡôҲҰŪȥǰǱ˯ˣ






 13 

һæµҪΪԱ࣬󲿷ǲµġ
Ӣһ鱨ͷҲδ̧صǣ鱨ռģҾЩطԡǣ
Žһ־񣺡ˣ磬ʦ̫ȥˡ˵һͬɢʦͶȥˡ
ǸŮأ
־е飺Ҳ֪һ϶ûҵһƤߵأ
Ƕأڰɣ
־ͷӦڰɡһֱûڶ
ֵܣһʳڣԼöࡣλǽӵġ
ӱҲȥˣ˵ȥһþʦ̫λʦõķݣ־ߵӢǰŶѻɽļܺĵصæҷû£ɣ
Ӣвãֹ־ļʱһֻ̨УæȥᣬһС˱ʼܣīδӢտǷ鱨һڱߣ־һŵǸһȥȣ˳ѲϣˮһСײǣʧһ֣ļʱ룬Ҳˣˮļ﷭ɽԽ
Բ𣡶Բ磡Ҳǹģ
æҵͼȣӢۼֿס˫֣С֣ͣ˵һױŷˣڼǵļʮҪȥȡòã
־˵ҿ϶æģ磡ϣң
Ӣһһܳȥˣúļʱ䣬һһżļһ̾⺢ӺǺģë˵㡣ë취ģЩѪǷŵ̫ɹʮҲδɹû
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ŵòһͷˤڵϣϵֽȫ׿ˣ߷׷£һӦƴҡ֣Ҳңû˵㻵
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磬ҵˣȻһֽУѾ˷ܵĽŲ
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ŵݳӢֻýӹһһۣ־µǸִûӵźţȻҲȾƵĴ˸СǷָָӢĴĴҿɲԳ㿴ŵʱ˯һڼҲ˯ġ
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֣ʾ־߹סļͷЦ˵᣺Ȼԣ֮ءҲ֪ҸĹϵɣԺһ˾˯žáСܰżš
Ӣ־ĶȥıӰЦûע⵽ɴʲôʱƿذһ¡
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Ӣˣץס֣ŭǰߣ۽üˣÿһ˿ϤġԱԼͶûһ˿ȥԵģһҹĻ٣òϴϢʶԱԶʼתһһ棬·ķ֮⻹ҪɴϿǧٴΣϤò۾һҹոͬ־˵뿪֮󾭳˯žֻЦ
ӢѹڴϣעƴвԣҾ֮ãô㶾̵˸ôˣԺǱٻȥˣӢͷסĴ·Ҫǻ˼ͺ޶ͨͨͨкýԺҲ뿪
ƴ˫ַǣס˶֮¡ŸԼˣһ麰Լ־ǾĺҪ껽ң˵û˰ˡ
ˣȻִ˷Ķˡ
ӢͲְһƣֻûش·µô˭
ң硣Ů
ˣһ£
Ӣ̺ӸǺôϵˣҪȻһƵģ˵Խ̺ͷҵܾúܾãҲҪҡ





 14 

滨꣬һվſڣȴǼȲϵľȣ磬ôˣ
ӢһҲûע⵽ԼԼЦôˣණ𣿡
ЦȻЦ
Ǿúϵ̲òȣ磬ҿһæˡ˵СˣЪһЪǶСһΣ
Ӣ֣һҲûÿŵ˼ˣˣô˼ͷĲˣ
һ̿ճһ죬СɵŮӳ˻˽ȥɷ˵ʰϾƲˣҿʲôҸǲ˱һ֮Ƕ޶ۣҲûܰʲôæϾ֮ЩƲˣ統ǸҸӰɣոҲ̫
˵ϣӢƳپͲֻǲӣֻöƱһϣԸܾ뿪
ǿһƣʮãæϣԼҲһһ㣬лչˣԼˣӢڶתת̫ġǶʱʦѧգ峪һ˰ɡ
ۿⳡƻҪȥӢסڵŮһվѣֻĳżз纮Ҳʮ٣ʱϴС˯ǿͣĳúúģֻǡ
һĲ־񣬽ѾԽ˺֪ܶ࣬þաһ۴ϣȻɴʵʹǲϢˡʲôʾͽңҾ
ŮӢվɴǰѾ˰Ƶ׼һƿϵ̺һδԱ뿪ʱơȻĻ
æ̺ڴҪҰôã
Ӣĵӣֵع۲ףô
ͷƲһߣǸŮˣҸһŮʲô
ӢһҲûԼѾЦ͸ˣ͵ҲǡһЩƣҪҪһ㣿ϺõҶࡣ
ͷԣͼһѾƺƱڴǰ˱ݵǰȻ֣ȴӢ˻ȥȻԼᣬҪӢѾѹǱԭԭιСӢٹ˲ǾƣֽƱƺ׿ֻһвоƵĴһȥ˺ҧĲ
ԼǣıʵոܺĹʲô֣
ӢҲǡȻ̧ͷ㻽һθУʲôô飬ЫĹˣ
ȴԹԵسҵŮɣҵ뺮ôһλСӡô˵Ѿȡϵ˵Ѿˡ
ӢҾ֪ΪԭϢ
һûа˼йǡ֮ЫûˣΪҪйء
ӢһȻΪ˸Ů
ͷΪңӢһֻ֣Ц˵ǰ²һ˹ˣ
ӢңڲǰɫԼʷֿڿ˵౰ʱֻģһᣬ߾˳ͷšһҿ۾
ڿɲǺߵʱ򡣡ֵ㶼һŮӲ꣬ȻܰѶǰľԭԭ޾ϸطЩϸ˶⸵Ů᲻Ҳ̫˵㣿
Ӣ˼ǡͷ
ң˵ǷֻΪն֮һ˿ǣңϰسⶾû뵽仰˵ùˣ
Լ˵ģҿûһǺôڲ߽˵˼סһδһ⣡
ͷ̰һǣӢЦؿ˻أй⣡˴̺ӱڻʲôҲ룬Ҳˡ㿴۾Ȧ켸ҹû˯ˣú˯һҽòã
ǸůĻƤءã̺
ֵܻص֣Դܳæסһʣô£
־˹һ㣬߶ָӣаˣһֱЦ
˳һܽӢڰǰȶ鱨һ糣һŲ˵סļеʵλ֣˻ţ
ϵı顣ȷʵ˲
һӦҲһֻȥеزԾĵطʲô£ߡʲôδʰľƲˣľƺҵĴ̣һһ۾ۡ
֪ӢǸ˻ͷǾòֱԵ
ԶҲһӦתԼĵܵܡ
źһģһӾתΪͣӴתΪŭָӢ˻ΪʲôΪʲôҲҪҲڵʱںңԲԣҺҺǣ
Ӣĵ̾˿ҡͷ
Ҫ˵ҵشͷܳ⣬ЩײҪǣȻӶ
ôǣǿıӰҲʮ־棬򰸺Ӣ
ӢĬãЦһмʱõ̾һοأ
Զһҵ˫Ѫ죬֪ǷŭǱˡ߹ȥȰοȻ磬ҪΪҺãʹӦһ£ȲҪǽϿ¸Ӣ
ԶĬƬ̣Ầġ
ͻȻûУû뺦ֻҪ롣롣
Զſܵվ̵
ǰϤĻɴʶ˺һڻɽķ䡣ͷԻϷ˯Ǹ˵ʲô̫̫ģ·𱾾Ϊ˵Ķ䣬ļס˶ȴǲס
ɵϣ¸ҷֱ𣿲Ҫ˯ðһ
ϻЦÿɴʣЦݽϡ
ǰŵǴӰĪɱ˭
ˣĪɱһЦſָָϣ˺þأ̺İ֮Ū࣬㿴˶Ҫܵġ
˳ָȥֻѩ׵̺ϺȻһڵĽӡֻгûнģ˵˽ʱѭ浸أȥʱҪһż
ĪɱڳҪЦ
ĪɱƺҲȤ²˵⵨Ϊ˽Դɽڴ󻤷ķȫ˵˭
æ˴űߣ֪
ĪɱЦһºͣȴ˲УصأɲСѽ
򾲵عڵϣǵսľٷҩҲ֪ܻܲ߳ҩ
ȴٳûжŵ̧ͷһĪɱбڴͷϣҲ֪ʲô񣬰죬ԵػӻֵˣȲ㡣
æߵлл
Īɱһֳֻ˼һֹֻԵԼǰϵգƽ޵Īһ㵭ˣô᲻֪أҲ






 15 

Ыʱ򶾽Ҫ̸ֻӲͷƤվſڣҲҽȥ
Īɱ֣Цˣô
ЫֻӲͷƤ߽ȥĪɱЦæ±棺·֮ǰƽ̲µ찵ãȴֻ鵽һǰỵ́һƶƹƵĺñ£һƽ̼ȡǰ˽֮ǰȴ֪ܣ𷣣
ĪɱЦôһ𷣣ôĵĽ𣿡ֿΣ
ϳŮӣеֲеòˣǷǷǣ̺Ҳ⡣˶ڵ½ۣ۵ȷʵ֣Ҳ֪ô¡
Ыûϣֵ˴ȥˣΪżȻһˡһиңŮӣʶ
Ыϵıֻþʧݣ󻤷ôҡҡҡ
֣ĪɱһϷı飬ЦǸδޣκ԰һΣӢ쪽üСϴеֻлһֻİɣ
Ыʱ£ŮӲµδޣֻµıãҴ޾ͶʱҳߣѾ˹ϵ
ĵؿһߵػǰǲ⣺ƲôɾҪɱԭΪ㡣ֻ㣬ȻãСһ𳤴ʦͬţ书֮ߣȶ㻹Ҫ߳ࣿ
ЫҲ⡣ȻС־򲻷ʤж书ҲֻƽƽŴ̸һݱװĺðϷһ겻ȴĸ֣Īǵʲôָ㣿
ĪɱЦʲôһڽһ书ƽƽĹѵɾ֣ҪˣΪСħҲǧټƵȥŪˣ
ЫҲԼʧϳ૵Īа
ҿҲͦаġ˴һһˣǡ˶Ȼʶֻý͵ŮãǲЭ˫һ¡֪λʵãһǰżȻĹŮôؼСλﲻòף黭ͨ˵ɫ˫˻·ԣǡñ·˵ص̫𣿡
ĪɱҲòһǰλŮʱҲδ̫ɺˣҶ˶̺ɣʲôķʽʲôɡ
Цҷ·𿴵һλźɫɴŮվΪٿܣͷȴ⿴ĺֲٿˡ
Īɱվߣˣ˭ֹҲܵסĪɱƷҵݣ
ļ磬˵ĶԣΣǸõãƻճ䡣ӻͳһŵݸĪɱҲ½һĿҰɣ͵һд˵ױš
ĪɱӹŲ𿪣ԭΪüͷһչˣȻʧЦʲôױŰ㿴
ĪؽӹݻţֻǱдѶϢİֽϲһ֣֪Ҫ͵šĻб»ã
ᡣ
ƺƴһӭķʽȷҪıöࡣ
ʱſڣżѾſڵȺʱһλЦӭ߸磡
ԶºǫѷЦݣĵȥһ룬ҲЦŻص뺮أ
ź棬С΢Ҫ˾أ
ţ߾ȵط°ϰߣѾڸ޵ĺ̺˸ҵʹΪԼ˵ġ
ÿ͵ĸ涵صڴһȺ˴ӵæºӭȥ磡ˣ˵ȵˣ˵Ҹ
Сֻ׺񣬴ʱֿЦ²ֿ̣ȥϵᣬɵãӶôˣôޱӣ
κ뺮ȻѣæһСŮС΢˭ˣ
СŮһ˫ĺȻȻһЦҲϲ۵С΢ǵþ˾𣿾˾˴ȥòã
СŮͯɵӦáȻĳһֺֻС֡
һܰ龰ҲЦ߹
С㣿
һѲ˵׾Ͷɵرܹȴȶص⡣
һλߵľײײλۡ
дȻ׾ȴƽĺͶһʯӣԭܰƽ͵ɴһ˺£˶ʱԭǵʹͷ­һ̧Ͷȫǻŭ޲۹⻯ذףýǧУ
һСæ˽¡ȴƴŲ뿪ҵѽǧĵĻҵܻһͷһ
ָˣңүʰ㣡ˣҲؿһϣһ㣡
˵⻰Ȼһ˦׳ҶǯƣǰһײȥʱѪء
æܹȥҷʮΪҴͣ棺ϼԺ!ϼԺǺð!
һδ𣬻Լһִˣһ仰ɱ
˶ʱȺ鼤ܣ׷׳ľһҵ
ɱ
ɱ
κ뺮Ҳû뽫еĺһֻڵˣڣҿ˭ҶҸ磿
бСŮעŵǰ΢΢ţȴԼ̵ĳǽһıӰ̲סһ





 16 

һ粨ǿ粢ǿƵļѹ̺翪غ컨ԺѸе׹ߣ˿˿ĺÿһ˵ŭĽڰС
ϼԺˣȴ޷ָôΣһѾȻҡ뵽ǰʵΪӽõļðԪѱɣС罻ˡʱԼҲò󲡳뻨˽̵ӣҪǧȥ׷δޣȻƵĹȴδ¹һ꣬ޱ߶˰˿
ȻĬֻκ뺮ļҳκ뺮ŮڼΪĸǰδܵӡǸĮļǶòȥˣ̸ֻ֪κϴһѴԺʼؽӵɢɢʣµѾ࣬С˹ģ˵ҪҲˡǸѪĴҲԪˣչ˸˱ϵٴνлͣ˭ҲˡպյκͻȻ
κ뺮Сѡ˵԰̲סһʹʹ͵ۿԱߵĸ磬ɫȻɫ糣һһڳŷ̸ŵǱ˼ҵļ¡˱ˣȴáκ뺮ûܿóеĴʹѵҲû֪ĸжమأΪ˱ҲϧһдΪʲôƫƫõҲ
Լô꣬ڴǸ飬С΢ٹ¶أĥԺֿʼ밮ΪУƲĤ
κ뺮ΪµǵˮصССˮûˣ޷֤ġ
⵽ˣ־գЦǳ᣺úõôֿˣС΢㶮¡
κ뺮־Լ˲۽ǣЦҲҽúã
ЦЦȻƱ뺮磬Ҿһͷˣ¾Ʊˣ˵Ǹˣ
ͷҿӢæȥæҡ˵Զһ٣Ͼ޹վû˵
װû֮⣬ЦضոǿŮкܿ
ҡͷòգֻȥЩ¡Ҳû뵽ἰء
ЦϸĵŮӣƷòס
ͷ
ɫӲȻʵ磬𣿡
һ˫ϵؿԼҲܶܣʵҡҡͷһߵκ뺮ߵŵתţһůһֻսԿô˵Ϊ뺮ĸ硣ʶô֪꣬һϸκˣҲ뺮ĺø硣ǲ֪ܹʲôĥѣ˶ٿ࣬һжɼϾҪ֣ҵǶĪɱ㡣
вԵǶ̵Ĵ󻤷ִЩɱң
һ㣡
һ㣡
ϼԺ䲻ͣ߻죬˲ȴûһľںˡ
þûνײгԵĺǰʹͷܸо΢΢һְ̣οеˣֻļ硣
ȴȻ̧ͷֱĻ棺Ͷ̻붾ΪУѡɡҪģӲ˵ľ԰ɣ
Ȼ΢ЦǸ̫ãѾѹѡͶ
κ뺮ԼĶ䣬ͬʱеʲô
ΪĴ֮һڳΪ٣ԱҵĲνλȨȨ㳯Ұô˵Ͷа̾Ͷа̣
ôκҵ˶ãظѡͶ̺ҵоݡָͷһⳡ粨ĸԴԭҴ磬ұԴ˸ֻųЩվĪɱҪֻʱҴЩװɥͬҲؿⳡɱһκҼ˵ȫ붾һһ֪һǷˮˣοʫ񴫼ҵأɽڲûգҪס˵õİ취Ͷ
˵⣬ȻͷԳЦЦͶа̣ܴ裬ᱻݺͳЦҵһҪʹ̰ȫ޵ļҲգһ˵лȥɣ
κ뺮ᣬס˫֡һԵҲȻ𾴣ʶһ硣
踺رȫļȫмӢۺú֮Уۼˣ
֣صؾһƣ磬پ㣡
Ʊʹ£Цһºֻ֪ͣº˶ٿɬƾЦݣθ壡
Ǹúܣˣ߽һλֽýʲӣһȭ˵󻤷٣ӭӣ
˫Ŀ糽ǣŲһ֪ۻɲ⣬뺮ᵽλ֣飬书֮ϣǴˡ
Ȼܵҵס
æ
׹Ц߹ҵһç󻤷Ĵ׹⽭ϻ˭˲֪˭˲һ󻤷Ӣɪɪҧгݣ֮죿
һˤӣѾվ֣Īٶԣ
Ѿǰһŵѽֱʲô˵ʲôЦȻĻ˵ˣ󻤷˴Īçƽѽ
κ뺮͵ۿԼĸ硣ϣһȻֻû𣿲λȻµģ
ЦĬ
һս⡣





 17 

ս˫һۣȻĬͬʱס˵Ѩǰյϡ
⧲ޱ䣬æø磡ס֣ѾӦͶˣ
ˣжκͶ
缱ǼףҪΥ
һͣⳡ󻤷֮ս󻤷ΪΣ
Цָ̡
δ˵꣬ٻ˫ͬʱʮ볯ȥһһ񿪣ıŽһתȷʵ˵ǺӢҲȫܿ˻ʵ൱ѷʤǰһ˭ҲӮ˶Էڵκ뺮õսľǺƫƫκҼڶƵͬʱʧб
˸ڷܣ½Ÿߴٷ׼ܰɴ⬣һѺѾϣȻ׹ЦڷȥˣҺ½ص׼ʢ󻤷û취أ
ȻƣԺӿʮʿֳִ׼е
ùһѣЦ˵󻤷κҿɳĿ֪ζΣ
ֻЦûͷԵƥΪйֻΪⶫĿˣҲ˵ϴûע⣬һȻҪʮȼ
һ֣һʮ̳ȥڵ˲κ뺮ŵýҷתҹлԲ˳رܿ˹ڵ˵û£뺮󲮸Ҳ㱾£
ɫ࣬ٻ֣ڶƳճϵİɫӰȥʼʩ˳ܹʱȴ̤һһǽ̫ˣοԼ
֣ôˣճֿвҲ̨һɣһ죬ƺҹȫ׵ؿڡ
׶ʱºѪؿڵڵϣָϵİӰ׷ĽնҪȡȫ綾ԣǿһ̧֡
΢΢һЦżҪԾ𣬺Ȼһؿڷѣ𲽣ؿʮ֧Ҫ©û뵽󾹻ɥڴˣҲҲãҶɡ۾
ȴ޶Χžֻз۾һ죬ǵȻ˺ŭף˳ǵתͷ۾ȫˡ
һӰȻվߣŵʮ֧ȫȥЦôͿˣ
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ҩóصУ򸾵Ѩִףһծľ
ƫûУʲôʱ˵̵ĶԽˣ
ӢԱ߻жˣͷŤҽ㣬Ƿһҵģѽҩ
޺޵ͳƿӢת磬˼䣬ȥˡ
κ뺮ڶˣ΢΢һЦеȵңҲȥ󲮸ˣҲ׷˳ȥ
Ӣƫͷһߣ˵ûһл⣬ڱ˼ˣ
˰棬ĳĻΪңǸˣ㲻
תͷЦɱľǺˣӢ˭㣬ǰŷɥɱ飬մ޹ѪĶ̴󻤷һֻ͵űȫЦɣ
ΪʲôҪңǷԽ࣬ܵԽ࣬ħɵþԽѾܸеҵķѾһȺϽɣպħɣջӽն˿
Ӣô֪˼ɫԣԵӭȥôˣ
վ룬ƿӷڵط޴˵ٴˣҲκҲԼ˭Ҷ̵ͷӢĲ죡
һＴϣȻӳ⣬ڽããҹɫӢ׷Ѿʧˣֻңңһ仰պֻಫսϣ飬Ҫϣ
ӢǻþҲɢȥĪô˵ͷ˵κ
㬵߻УкˣȻܽһŮӣ磡мҪͬ˵
Ӣһ
֣ҹͻص˻ɽһƷţĪɱЦԡ
صĪɱ²ҡȻסڣĬתš
Īɱһһէ֣ʵʲô£ͷһμ˲õԤУյǸϲѶҲʱ׵һߡ
˵ĪɱϴηŹ御֪ԼѱðŷɵΣصޡʣԼվλϣһûõֵúķǵĴҵϰϧԼѾ̫
ѻָƽصûʲôֻѡ֮֡еϸ֦ĩԭԭسʱһ顣
ĪɱЦǺ°ʡ鷳֪ĸøҪܷںˣκңңӢܹвѽħ谭һǧһ
ҲֻοǿЦ죬ô׼һСסԭլЩӿܾˡ֪Լ˶ڽϣһòŽʦڵǨɽ
ĪɱͷȻ׼㡣ȻһЦҲҲòЩ鷳ʡɺͻҵˣٹ۶ǣ






 18 

úϲ졣ҵˣζź꣬췭ظͶٶԹ𣬸ı˵ⳡֺƽҪˣ
һƬհףϲֱ ϲǽҪָƽһлصǰҲ಩ĵȴҲزȥˣⳡƽ͸̫ģҲʧȥ̫࣬Ƿ˼¸ȥ⣬ǸڷһʧѪұأгһշ粨ƽϢǧǧ޹ԩǵļݵȶգοǻʱˡ
һʱٸн̲סᣬĪɱźЦÿڿȥᣬô˳꣬ҿ޵ģ㵹ˡ
֣ѾϢôģ
ĪɱЦµõ¡ͻȻ˵µĶĿ·żȻǶˡ
̧ͷ
ĪɱЦΪβţûУѵ㲻뿴«ﵽʲôҩ
˼ҲԡĻǸźɴŮҪˣҵ볶ɴģ󣡡ԣʲôȼܶ־ȻһˮϨ𣬾ŵĪɱ
߱ëȻôˣǲң
㶵ؿĪɱҪˡħʼңĵĶٴηڻѹĶܿͻᱬס˿ڣſĪɱķӦ
ȻԤܣĪɱʱķӦȴ֮⡣
Īɱڡһ߶ţҾ֪ŵĶ޵Уʱ̫һ㣬ºˣڶ뷢СѱˣһߴӻͳСͲһɫӲɷ˵ˮϽȥͲҲ˳Ӹ¶굤ҸţһҪû뵽ôˣ
ͲЦûõģϴηҲûѹסĵܻ⣬Ҳڽ˻ƭȡΡȥģ
Īɱرס䣬ôôҩȥսڼһս򲻴ˣңһ̤żžҪӳȥ
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ọ̈̄·£ҩشѴӰд
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ĪɱҪɽľˣѹһѹµӦû⣬ڡ
ظ֣Īɱȥɡ
Īɱԣòôˣ˵ʲôʱͻˣܵ˿Żɽɣ
ɽҰòңָָһ͵ֵ֣ǿġǰŸߣ֤žͿؾȥҽܵܡ
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ûӵݺݵĵӣƬ̣ĪɱѽҩЫɣܵġ
Īɱ棺Ūֽҩô˻˶㣿
һصȻ˵Ļܸи˰㡣
Īɱҩһϲ֣ǰŭĿӣ㻹ǲңµĶҾһܽ⣡ֻҪһ¡£һ뷨ӽ¶ɶɾŲ㣡
ȻȥıӰȻʧЦĪɱԽԽ󣬿һħɵıضȻְصͷ£ʮ졣ܹ㣬
һ˺ƺƵسԱ·Ыߴһڵǰٹ̽Ϣ;һУӦĪɱһС·Լһºٹ۶ʹĺ԰ϡ
ڴͷЫȻʧ⣬ⰲҲûʲôԹԣҪȰ߷߲ƽߡһգڲһҿջ⡣
㻹Ϊʹڻ˰ɣ˵ҲܵõȽϺõı
ҧҸֻ߲ܵõõıһĶöҩʳҸǰ׳ʲôᣬֲܶ೤ۣʲôʱ˻֪أһ뵽ǳҲסվҪߡ
ʲôȥЫæסҪǸԻȥΥ˽Σգ֪򲻴ɾǲʶˤֹһͷЫ˵Ҳûܲؿ֣֮
Ыǿн£οֵܣɲ˵ǣϲŭ޳Ź֣ǿɱˣ߻д󻤷󻤷ɶ㲻ŲŲ𣿡Ҳ֪뵽ʲôЫԼϵľһںˡ
߶еӡģֻǵø߸ߵϰȻλˣ
ɡվҵĶ롣
Ыԥԥӣ˾ƣҲԼˣʶ㣡ˡǲ֪ģ
Ŷ㵹֪ȻһŮ˵ǻعͷһװŮ߽ջ߹
ŮӵǰҲӲ۹⣬ԶЫǰľƱһں£ƱصˤϣǣЫþò磡
ЫԭأңһԵԼһһϷ顣
ңɷ˵Ыĸ첲Ϻģ߰ɣ
Ы㶵Ҳ֪ʲôֱϵſڣҲˣңҶԲ㣬Ҳܸȥ
ңŵؿհˣɣ˵ʲô
ЫѾȫѣظ첲Ҳܸȥ
Ϊʲôңʧ󺰣ΪǺʩʲôһԵߵץסЫĸ첲ҡΣ㿴Ҳδޣһ𲻻кýģ
ЫҵسЦһұѾɼԲ𡣡
ңڷſ˺ҡҡλΣЫһ˲ΪҪεȴͻȻһЪ˹ЦãúãҸңϣţȡĿ¶һ˿񶾣ҲҪ㳢ζ
ת뿪ջ
Ы׷ԭأңԲ𡣡





 19 

ĵĶɽԸÿ£ħһкǧÿѹסԣֻӿ춾ٶȣҲΪȺķĿѾɢÿʹ֫ήôҲβˮҵӡ
ʵڿȥֽӹˮңɡ
ĪɱƽҩȻϣֻ˵չ˲ˡ⼸տͬԾ˵ٶȿݽȥҲһŲǰ߸ϸһֻĽһһĬҲᶯ֮ġ
ֲ֪ʲôһԻȻÿտҲľã
һ˾ȻҲҪˡӦø˵Ĳ𣿱Ͼֵ޹ǷС
䲻䣿ҪҪȥ̺ӣʻԽԽ䣬ǸյطѾʼ𱡱ѩ׼Գµ轵Ҳʼļ紺Ļɽˡ
͸ĳնעŴⱡİѩʹҴҵˣʣǳˣ
ΪҲ䲻ͷˣʵص졣
찡ǿԼʹ˫ۣڳϡ
µ޻죬Ѿ¶굤еţѹƶԵЧԽԽСʣµһҲŲʣµˡŵסѱĪɱһ˵һ׼ʱƳҩ
뵽ĪɱûˡҲ֪ĪɱÿջԼһΣֻ˯ʱԽԽ࣬οĪɱҲֻǿܿü߿òһֹ񻯵İ취ҲáֻҪ֪Īɱÿղ˼ʳе³ţֻΪ˸ҩѾ㹻ˡ
ħˣܹоĪɱ˵Ѿһûõķˣն̵ĹûҪȥǲɡ
֣ۣһЩǰĳ롣ڲмѣ͵͵ȥݻһ¡
ֵĵصǸ˵һɡڡڵ
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˳֪Ѿһ׵ıѩ硣
վѩĿԼǳİսɱ˪ĺ䡣һж¿ʼ
µֻ졣
ִҴ߹Ķñϣö˶㡣ͻȻסڡ
תЦʲôϵұǸѩˣĴƽģЦݸɾɫҪڽѩ硣
ˣһѴԭľˣȻ㲻Ͻչң
ֱ˺üŷӦΪʲô찡
ЦڶӰ
ǲ߳ʮ˵һ⡣
죡죡
Ҳ֪ðʮӣֱֳΧм䡣Ϊ׵һźֻɫĶֳ̰˫⼸Ŷ̵Ĵ˷˲ɱӢۺܣɥ䵽ֵ־ܣ
㡣
ǰ֣ǰλźɣҪҲͨһ붾ǺγԹһڶ²صʵʵֻ΢΢һ˫ӡ
˫һᵶ˹Хţ붾޳ԹҲʶֻǵҵĽ¼ˣ˵⼸ձҪ˵أɱħͷǰֱֵ֣ܿ㣬ֵͷһã
ԭǿ䵥û٣
Ҫƽ⼸ආҲ䡣һ书ᡣ
Цһ࣬޹ϴˣû˽кҲʶʲôɱҲûôֻ¸ɱ޹ĶһҲýɣ
˫ӱ˵һ㶣̧ĵٳٿȥתѯǵ
磬ҿкܳһͷ׷Ͳڶ棡
ԣҲˣ
˫ӳĬΧתҲ֪˼ʲôһŭ
Ϊ϶ǾͲʶˣ˫ЦͻȻһִ̧Ķñ
һͷ׳İɫк£һ˫Դѩб¶š
Ȼ㣡뻨ƭңֵǣ֣
˫һﾪѴˣʮһ볯м˹ȥ
һ£Ȼ˴һֹס˳ǰĽŲ֡
λ磬ҪɱûҲĳˡΪֵǵİȫ룬Ҳò㣬̵ĽĪɱʮʿ˵ضԼＯϣͿ쵽ˣӻü
һǵ飬˫ӵת̷ϣѾʼµڵֶһۺ󡣡
úǰߣ
һΣȻô
ŽΣͷӢۣģ
ִһЦ
Хһ˹չͬиͷķ˲Ծѽ磡ǵӵģǰ滹һĲӦĪɱǲᱻ˸ˣ˰ɣ
˫һĴȣСӣɱȥҲǴж˿飡
ֻԭֲ֧ŸղŻХȺͷԿտյļһĻоȻֱ㶵ؿЦ֣ȺͷԿտյļһˡ
ԸԼˡ
ХŵƸڣɱŨصĻԽѩϵĿֱĵŵ÷׷׹ܡ˵һսڼ˵һɱ¾
˭ܾңһͷԺԵ֡ϧ޹





 20 

ǵȻû
кһֱȡǾ˫ֵӸɴشڵأýʵϼѨǴ󺺱Ҳֻܸɵּ綼ٿǸ·ɱҧҲδʣΪ˵ĽӦˣ˵óȻǰǴŲ·ȥˡ
ǱȥӰֵһӦǶԾ˱ȭλӢۣζ֡ȡͻȻ۷ֱ
˒֣Цôʶˣ
硣ԩ·խ˵ʲôʲô
ֺܿƳһ߰Ʋ·ߡӢɴ൲ǰոô֣㡣㿴ɫܲʲô£Ϊʲôֶһ˳֣Ϊʲôǳ״ϰҲôϰ
Ƴһɫ䵭Ӣò׼Լǲƻֵƻģ˵ٴμֻսϣǰң㵲ҵ·ˡ
ӢһڿԼڲϵ֣æӵϣǰ졣Ǹոռˡ
ƿߣ㲻øҽ͡Ѿ޻˵ǡֱƿӢһ˵ĴȥѩԽԽƬƬѩƬƬ滨ɢİ׷ϣɫ۽ϣȻҲڣĺѩһѾѩĸѩĸ
ּӢľͷһԭҲȥ׷ֱţ׷ǰȰ󻤷ݳزģҪݷû·ҲѰҼţ˵ѱ²ٷֻ죬Ҳܵ˻ȫ
ͻȻվסͣסŲײֵҲǡٸˣȥɡĪɱٲҰôܵȻа취ϡԺǾߵԶԶģ٣Īۏ̲ˮ
ּ̬ȳϿңǼԽô죿졣Ϊʲô죿󻤷һңۿٿݽȥĿֲûɵһĻţ鼱֮ץס˫磬Ѿʲô硣ѵԸһ𣬾ǰݷҲã졣죡
εͷΣл㱵룬˵öԣȻѾ죬ʲôħɣǣôܣ
˶һμӦ䵭жԣӡʧҺ޺ۼ޹˼ɵĳֻ˺ۣԺҪô죿
ֿ˫һͻȻ۾ɬ˵յҲ֮ҲƣֻΪ
һֱǰ˴󺰣磡󻤷м仰Ҫ˵
ԾؿѾһӰסӢȫڴ׼ߵĺݻȻ˵ֺγһ·һ㣿ǧõĳͻͻԾͷץס˺ɫ멵ıԵͷ۾ӢԸԸߣ
˿һ⣬ЦˣҪڣֹסȲҪ˵Ȼش⡣
ʡ
ͷ·ѩȡ̧ͷһԸԸΪҷŹĪɱ
Ӣʵû뵽ôʣΪвֻΪһŵѪֹֻɱ¾ȥԩԩ౨ֹ޾Ϊ˱ᱨ֣Ϊɥȥ޹ѪѾ̫࣬ȥҲнԸˣӢ̹ճԹȰͬٸһλᡣ
ˡͷ˿ûע⵽ϵĹѾȥ̧Ǽӱľģ㣬Ϊңܲܽɢˣ
Ӣסˣٲǰһһֱ֧֧˵ĽΪϽɿ̣ĴڼֵŽᣬͬʱҲζħлôӣѹܸЩֺܵͬһ˿ϣħצ˲һ˵ģҲӦһ˵ġĵؿΪʲôƫƫҪЩ⣿Ҫô
֪ˡػһ֣ѾٵͷЦſԸԸھͺǻصȥƽƽȹһЦЦҲ֪ԳǱˣѾ֪ˡ
ӢһǧԸ⣬ֻôҲ˵ڣֻؿת߿ֵײײظȥʧڰɫĽͷ
ѩԽԽˡ
ͷҲصǰߣظں棬ͻȻһֱߵ˽⣬̤㸲˺İѩɭ֡ߵˣһССĺͣ¡µѩǺɫ
˾ٴȥһĶϡֻǾعںߣһ֪ʲôԶԶվŲҿ
ô죿о綾޷أ뿪Īɱȴ֪ͶκǻزȥˣŶ̿ƣӢҲָ΢ѩصºȥڽˮЩѩһͺˣôɾſԽ಻ϴˢʱͿԸɸɾˡ
һӻδǰ㣬ͻȻ˵Ͷҿ㻹ʡʡŪһذˮ
־ϲؽе磡еȴҲһֱۣƹߡ
ôˣףϳֵ顣
Ȼǰһ棬ôôĽ鲻𣿡
ΪԼ䶳ˣȻ仰Ūȵ߽ߵǸˡ
ҿɲΪ˸㻹мЩĿ㣬𣿡
ڵϵȻ¶һЦݣð
˺һô໵£װʲô޹˲֪һ֪⸱һݶĳ
ŭЦ˵ȥ
һѾܹˣֻҶⲻϵûĵضԹңҪκͣκ뺮˾ַƺ죡أֻһûﾡãʱĹߣκ䳦˽αĹֵð˾㣡ǰ˲Żῴ㣬ܾͬĳЦ˵ʧͣλˣҪǰ㣬޿ܣ
ϯ˴ʧɫȴ֣磡֪˵ʲôѾѩϼ˪
ȴŲҧŴ˼ֵĵĿ⡣
˼޷ӦйһҲùˣЦҪ˵Ļô࣡Ҳˣ˵ǻڵأ˵һӷ磡ȸˣټŶϣԶκҲн죡һӰʧɭֺ棬ֻЦַХ졣
Сĵ߹ԣ󻤷
û¡ҡҡͷһ΢ЦʮǿӢ㿴𣿡
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ǸңߵΪտһ㲻ͣŻ磬ɣֲ֪ʲôʱԼѾתǰλĸŮǾ壬Щͬ顣һڳ˼
Цһʼ֪ϷŪһǡ˵ĻҲЩڵϵѾ̵ӡԺĥûֻͬǰ̧ͷ
󻤷ǱЩˣ̰ɡ
һ̻Ҫ۱ң˵Ǹ䳦˽αĹ
̧ͷЦ֣ȥǰ·Ͽûȥ׷Ͻ






 21 

ݳϳһ¡
һѩµر󣬲ɫѰ˹ųԼҵĲʻȥҲǸϳģӳиҵϸ״ػʮ꣬˼ԺԼֶ˼꣬·ÿһʯͷÿһѣϤĲϤһȴ⡣
תһƬ֣ۼǰҪˣˣСѩɽеȻһŰɫĿæͣ³ȥ鿴ǶѩףѩＸֱ治Ҫۼ⣬˶ΪǱѩǵһ
СؽǶһȻһˣ˵˲׼ȷ˭ôһͷ׷ڵѩҲû̽΢ıϢŴʧȥӣһҲǲǸ־ͱŵϣؼȥˡ
ӴԺĲڳһһʼֺֽţ÷ϵһϢӣǰΨһһſøüеޱϡʮ뽪ˣһһ۾Ȼɫģ
˵˾ͲϳˣԼ񵽵һֻһֻ׺СûãҲ˵ֻԺû˵ҲٿֻǾؿŴƮѩһһ졣
ҲգΪʲô´Ԫǽر𰮳⣬͵ʮԻ˼ֻӸųԣԪɽǿŴ⣬һҡҲ֪ĺ᲻ᶪ˶ļأ
ϣʹ˯ڱĵϣŰһžҲǹһĵ֪ҲҪġҼͷһ˯˸ˣȴںξ
ڶ죬Ϊ˻ԻǮŬع͸ϳţǰڹ֪СһͳšʱСѾˣڴؿŴѩӺܿɰЦЦȥ
ݳڵѩҪЩȴҲ࣬һżСҲ֪ԼĻûУһڣҲס˾ҪҸϡʱ·֡
С磬һĳӣһ»ò㣬һ֪Ǹӣһ곤ЩźɫĴ멣ͨϵĳȴ˹Ŀ
λȥһ⣬Щծ˵Щ⡣
ͷСˡ
һǰһ˳³ǵ̸͸겻ش
磬㶼һһҹȻؿջЪЪɣôȥȿģһſǻ
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Ȼ˿ңմ󻤷ȥҾȻȥˣ֪ӲãŲ˼ˣںȻһƬһӲδ𻰡
ǸǻȻ磬󻤷ûХŻ߱ɸץȥ˰ɣ˵û빦
ûСҲĴѰңԲ˺
һ磬ˣǰӶ̴ħͷ˶֮ԱǣԺô쵼ˣ
ΪʲôҲܲˡ͸ʲôҲܵġǣһˡһҪңǸ
źĳǺХķ͹Ͳ˵;
Ȼͣס·һӭѩȻŵĻ÷ȥ
ڵΪʲôʣƿժһ÷ϵһ֦ʢһ֦÷Ѿժȥڴɫ멵
˽ݸ΢΢ЦܺÿҪ͸𣿡
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СϲЩ÷һǴϿġûЦľϲԱȻҲˣ˸չˮŷͷСƮѩ֮ҲҲ⻨
Լ˱ϲ֮˵©죬ڶõѣͬǸϳӲʩҪͱ
վ©Ĵ濴һۺ󣬶̾СӣɼŴˣǺǺɣ˺˷ǱЩƱл㲻ɣ
˼ЦҲҪʲôƱֻҪЩˣɽϸžۡͷ̰һǡ
СӣǮҪôأҪϸöãĸпص
ֻǺЦЦͷۿˣ̬ŸġһֱȥҲͻأ롣
СˡϳһͲˣұⶼûУķ˻ŶҲûѵ˺Լɽȥˣ
סʮȻãЦǺǵؽźҸǮˣ
ͷͻͻһʵʲôǮ
׺ɵǮļͷصص֪ɣ̫үиӣǻ첻ҵרѼЩ滨ʲôġŵ˳˵һ䣬ǻ̫ˣһǧл񵽵ģңߣƽɣҰӸˣ߰׻ѩֵܣҶ㹻˼ɣ˵ŽһƱ
ǸһӳҲô࣡ûֽ̧Ʊ˺˸飬׼Ͼһȭк˸̣ڵϡ
㡣
أҪ
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ȳȥ






 22 

Щͷԣûֱ壬ȻѾôˡ ͵͵ЩԺŵĺͷǺͷû¾ͰֻԼϴ˯ȥˡ
ټһٺңʮҲûճһ˲ѾͷΪǳСƣ˵̽ϣүҪĲ裬Ͻ͹ȥ
̷㶣үĶ
Ѿͷżȥ͵ͷһָǶ
ԷȥӴ￴үķϡ䱦ӦоУԽۻϡһȻԵõϣһ֦ɫѩطɫغá
תһȦҲûǻӣΪպòڣϲƵžҪߣȻԺܳҶŤסˮһء
С͵͵ˣҪҪ
ŭӵүſԭһֱڷ͹Сűߣոձ̨סˡ
ôĶȴţһһעеѩͷҲ̧һ£̫ˣǳȥ
ҲڸԾpp˵
Сѽ
ûشƤ̧һ¡ү״æ˼ֺõˣҪǾСȥƣ
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үҶŤһŵԥصҰɣҿһصͣŻʵ㣡
ÿ΢Цظ˵ſ㲻ҵĻ𣿡һ˫΢ţףȴٻ鲻Խ̽ѰͬһɫУԽԽԽ˵ɡ
үʧǵعڵϣ˫Ŀʧ񣬻еظĻſ
ЦԡոҲҶץңŤҸ첲ˣÿԼʮ¡
үеصÿԼʮ¡
ү
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һɫӰȻ䵽ԺУЦû˻һ֮м޵ģȻȴǸӡ
˾ֱ߽վǰЦţȴһ˿ŭΪʲôң˵£һ춼㣡
ҡҡͷûˡҽһŻ굤
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ҪͿС˳ӳӷȥ׵ӳһһӰֻ鰿Ĵ񣬽ʧǰ
ԺɨļҶ۷׷׾̾
ѽɰ
ɱӣɱӣ
ߵݵ˹һأվŵԵԽͻأѩϵѩԶա
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ǰΪ죺ףǣǼǰڲݼӣǻ˰
ǰɫ멵ӵͷ첻˼ƣۺ㲣۾̵ľȴЦţҲСԵǵǰݳҰɡ
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סڣɫ멵һץס½𣬱ԵʵеĿ־һ˲䱬ûܸо
һԸżǻȰλλлú˵Ҫʲô˿ɷ˵˵ÿڲݳܣҲ˵
¹ֻǱ۾᲻𣬴ɫ멵һ˵ֵһϣѿ˵Ѿظǧٴεһúֵˣһͷܳİͷһֱϵأ۾ɫġ
û˵Ѿ׹С
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ɫ멵ӿԺŽÿű˵ĴֲվѩǳҵաһԺеĿһ֦ⴥա޵ģʱ䵹תߵˮ䡣
ӢһԼپе÷ģϡͿˡ
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 23 

ڵ۾
ϵ˽಻ϵشѾ˵һ޵Ļûͣ˼ߵϹŶ˱ű¡ȴԸţСһûһ˵Ż¶ôû˵һ䣬һﻵˡ
Ӣ⼸һֱ𣿡
ݳû˱Ҹ˽ⷽԲڳʮ綼ѱ͸Ժﳤû⣡Ц
ЦҲһϢ㲻֪ĵط
˵
ҲҵԸ
˵ס졣
κҪұƷ裡ûϢؾˣҾһֱȥֱҵʬĹΪֹҵԺҾĹԴСéݣ뱲ǰ߶겻һֱȵҲĹǰһͶ̥̫ܲԶ˵ǻһ˫̥ľͷ
һĬ֪Щ˺ܶܶ£Ҳ㣬ҡϸ㵽ҸǰҪ붾̺һǻӦġɼҪΪĸ㣬㣬Ȼڿ˵ţȴûҡ
κΪʲôҪЩҵģϹϹҲóֻͳ㣡Ҫǻɣھðѵ˿Ƭը¾Ʋ˻¶ȥ֪ˣ
ֵȥ
һúܽĵҲ塣ͷ
ڶһΪһСʱֻһðСҪˣȴֵˡ
֪ԼΪСģҲģֹסӷᣬء
ɫ멵ס˫֣͵͵һƱллôչæѡƣ֪Ҫģûз
ֻ£ûҿ
ӢкҲ˵䣬˼Һôźö죡
һӢס˫ħץҲĬĬעԼ˵ʲôȥɽͣ
ӢԥһǱЦС磬ˡǡţ֣㶫ʰ˰ɣᣡҿɰȫҶлСˣԺùҳԷκûУ
߳硣Ӿһδ棬ͨͨҲ֪˻ǲңôǰδҲûɫɫĹˡ̽սǸϳֻڲݳڿһС¥ӢǱǮǧ
˾¥Ϊ˷ѼҲᵽ˳ڣСйĺۼʧֻ´ѩʰǶɿݵѩܶԺ˸˵£»棬ñɽ󴨣ҵһлɽСɽС˵ҪȥĻɽʱֻʣһƬľ˵ǰɽסһȺħֺˣΧ˶ҿ֪ʲôԭЩɢˣﵨСžһŻħɽ
ٺӣɽ̤һȦɽ˰ɽ硣ɽʱ·żȻֿһƵĽ籮ӻͳǶɿݵѩڱϣͷҲص뿪ˡ
֪ںòãǲǸİһ
磬ǰ
֣һѻ𣬿ΧûˮӢŻе̤ưܵ²ƵĻ̯ڵݶϣСؽȥΪ΢΢۾οҪ£Īɱûµġ
עϵĿ־壬΢ЦûýҩҵȲˡ
ȵõӢԼ۵ӣһȵĽһѪӿ˳һεεεɫĻϡְ͵ߣҵѪԽⶾġԣȣ
ôΪ˳ѪڲŻҩԣĪɱ°ȥҩܾ
ЦûõģҳԵĵרŶԸ㡣
ɫĻѾһС̲Ѫ죬ӢֽѪιϵһʱһʱϲˡһϵҩãȣϲˣǾһɡܻ֪ˣֵ͹Ҷİ
ò𣬶̨ϡѩֿʼˣһƬһƬǰƮ䡣䣬ȴԼ˫ϥ˼Ǹ˵ȻһӿԼηηβǷǣȹľͲ¶䡣ڿ˵Ϊǰ;˵ֻԼĵӡ氮һˣͻһеĮЦһе
ɻǵǳʶľ¥ɻǵĻ¥ˣҲˣ˵ͬĻɻЧ
֪ʱô˵ֻѰҵıҵˣҪԹԹҰɡǰְѵңҲңԸеԹ롣
Ϊʲôܻ£ҲĲҾӢˣûһδεĥ࣬ԶֻǸңһ˼Ҫصκ߹ӣôлһ
ԸһһֻҲʶ뿪޷ĵطǰǹնһδѹأһΣϣٸˡһѾ֪ôȥ㣬һ𣬴õĽ֡
ֽͷ첲
ΧһƬһ֦֧ŲסѩѹһƬꡣ






 24 

Īɱʱһ
̨ϷӢ粢Ѫ֮ϡѪԴȪӢ֣˿Ѫ費ͣšǣסߵˡ
Ȼٶʵ˿ڲ𣿡Īɱʮָ˫㵽ʲôģôϲ˺񶼵òʲô³úõڳĿӢջأüЦҽһ鷳
ڻ˯ԺؿڣĪɱȥ˵
Īɱ££ȥţȻͣסһԳֵ𷢴ˣѾЫһϣܾܵʮƿջ㡣ôãǲһ·ӱ޳ٹ۶΢һͷˣһ°ɡ
ٹ쳯Ȼ˿֮·ıؾҪʵҪɢ֮أ̿ﲻٿɱȽϣһ֮۶ǷȾ
ӢһȺдһ磬ƢҲ̲ס̷̯ǰ˷쳣־񣺡СˣҸջס˵
־Сͨ죬һĶٵǰ磬ʲôһӣɣҴԴ̴ĤļǸﴫΧæ϶䡣ӢʱޱȺڣ֪Ҳô
־ϵǵĺɫҵϣӢɫ̹ʼʩ󣺡磬һɣҿջҲһʱһϰ岻˵п͵궼Ѿ˶𣿡
Ӣȷʵ֣ʲô˻ȫǵĿջ뵽¹Īɱֻȥͻʵʹסɣôһô͵ꣿ
תѯǵȴƴסܵܣӣ˵ĶԣٹزģĪҪǷǣ
һֻ˰ٻ԰ĺָŮˮٿһһСʲô
Զʼ̲ȺһСӹٱһֽ˸ּ̨ʮ尢Ҫڴ˰޹ѡܲԿɲ롣ֻҪƷò汸ȫ˹ۣ빫飡ʰڴˣĶ
»׶׷Χġ
˵Ⱒٹ۰ŮٹһˣҪȢڻٻֱҲܱȣһӲҲУҹȥ˵ĵӣŬѣʹȺһΣƥҲ
̾ΪֹֻεҡͷŮƹȺǸǰ߹תӢûпջͶǷõ˼ҽס
ӢͷӹȻ֪⣬Ҫȥһõطʿ޷ѡ
磬Ҫ־վһլǰ̾ⷪǴլȴΧ롣ǻ᲻ߴˣ־ָָϵҶĸԾĺ֡˾
ûӢ̨ףԵС˵ͼλСǴ˾ͨһ˵Ӣ
СܽȥãžͺȻӭһλصȴӣԶԶسӢ΢Ц˫ȴʪˣ֣û뵽㣡û뵽һ˵˼û뵽˿Ϊļ̨ףסӢ˫֡
ӢЦ֣þò
˾ҿò裬һ·˶УصԭӵȻλˣΪԭԸ컯ĺˣô˱Ĵ٣
ϵ˼ҽӹ˷ϵĲ裬Զ˸Ӣô֪ģ
Ӣ¡ƷһڣȻϵȻһĺۺʱεǺ龰Ҫһš
˾ͷİɣ⼸дŻؼҡ
Ӣ²룬װûϵ˸УȻΪβأû˾Ͷ֪ʵŵ뺮Ѿˣڹ÷ǳҸôˡ
˾ҡͷ̬֣أҶԲãҴӦֻҪһ첻ԭңҺѩһ첻ԭۡ
˵⻰Ĺſ߽һλٸ˵ǲȾŮôѩɽ֮˪ѩŮֻλŮѾһᣬԴǣŵһк
˵Ӧýˣˣصع
Ӣæվ񣺡ɩλʢ˵Ĵɩ¸¡
ϱЦˣֵܲؿѾûԭռˣˣ΢ЦעԼɷ򣬺߻Ըм
ĸ£˾תӢ֪ǧٹʲôҪ£
Ӣ㲻˵ҵˡһҲˣҲѾ۶һԷķӦ˾ֻ˵ζӳ¡Ҳһϵó̫ӣԺϸ˵Ǵ˴ǰΪͬһ£Ѱҵ˽˵ĻɽׯС㻨ݺҳ硣
˾һ磿Ѿˣ
Ӣ˾СҲȻˣǻѰʲô鱨Ȼ׼ȷ
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˾ΪһֱԣǰŸ˵仰Ǻֵ仰ҲҪϢ֪ңҪѰĳˣʬٻɢΡʹģζɱأһ˺ôԸ
ӢƬ̣ǻأ
˾ҡͷûҲûϢ
˽ӵûһλĪɱΪѰֵĴˣӦߵﶼȻ󲨣궼żĵٹ˵æҸʲô˵ԺĶٹһ˰˭˵
˾Ȼ˵
ͷ絷⣺ǰǰҪһأ
Ӣע⵽΢üʵô֣Ⱒʲô𣿡
˾üٹֽλһº쳯޺ã⼸겻֪ΪͻȻսɧű߾ʯ켸λر߹أʿ󿹵Уսýɽһԭ˭ȰҵȻʹսŴ飬˻֪ϳԾɫҩûЩ¶ıŮġ
̾ⲻλҲ̫ˣ
˾ͷǡλܻ֮ڴˣмᶨսɶϵܣȫһȨУһЩ곯̬͢ȵתҲѲ˸ϵµ֯ˮѾԭǱŻжֻǿܻû֡ڳﱸһƻҪ쳯սֻ޺ãһսȱһɡ쳯ཫ㣬Ҫ˵սƴɱٹ϶Уˣʲôı
һϯλò̾Ǿÿ£Ůһ漰Ҵ£˵ĩա
Ӣȴһ⣺ˮһȺİŮӸǰ
ǰƺ˭˵ԭͻȻŮӣʱָǸңӢһҪҸңǸŮڵ۶֮ǰŶˡ






 25 

Ӣֻ뿴һۣô֪ٹʹЩֵԲôʵһȾͻ졣
ʲô
Զ˱ʣӢεص뿴˺ûС
˫ſչʾһ飺ڿˣˡ
Ӣ֪ȫˣһģߣĥĥѽĪ֮ͨܣȻöסٹʹ
ô֪˼һҪһܵģһͱˡû뵽ٹʶ飬Ϊϱ
ӢװûĲͷûһŶĪһæڹټֲôҲ
Ȼûüٹһһ췳꣬һֱѰԼһ̲ڹһǷʲô˵Ķ˵ˣһи˰ɣ
ԵòʶȤӢ㬵سſȥȻеһ¡
ӰѾǰƳһԵĸ©еʱ䣬ϴλһ⡣
Ӣһ˵⣬ʲô
֪ľһڼͬʱݣβ˭Ϣ
Ӣ˿Ƕͬ˵ģ˵ĸɸߵ
磿ҹ齵ǰ̵Ѿܼӣô֪Ϣ
ӢΪġ
ϻ˻ɽ֪ȻЦˣô֪£ıȻǡӢ
Ӣ㻳Ƕζûͬһ
һ£䣺˵Ȼٸǳ
ӢҲÿΪǲŻٹһʼͻŲɸ˵Ŀģô¾̫ˡ붾̣ԭֵһƭǧ֮ңⷪʲôôͣ
ͷİŮӺ˾ĻԺ˼ؿ֪Ǵ˴ںδ𣿡
˾ضϵˮѰ档
Ӣ˾˰ģŹͦõģһСк˾񡣡
͵ؽˮӵϣ㵽˵ʲô
ԭӢеصô᲻֪ķǶʮ̫أҲˣһжˣ뺮÷ǳҸˣ㲻ŹҲŹԼս֮ࣿ
ߵЦû˾ӣԸʲôʱԭʲôʱأ
֪һյòԭºɣһղ̤ԭ
꣡Ȼָָ棬ˣǸ֣ǱҲҴһ
һȻš
ţЦȻ׼ʱ
̤齩ӲҪɿܵĳ辭ʵ̫ѡ
ôˣ֪󻤷Һ£¿˵绹ڵһȥ
ʾ£ЦֵܸáҽҪ˵¾ǹġҪ뿪˵أԽԶԽã
ü󻤷ľأʹĳŨƾʲôģ
ЦôΪ֣֪м仰ǵȵƽ˾ͬ˵ʱҵĹ߶߲ˣʱɱĪֿһһⰮ㻤㣬һȫŵĵܵΪ޴Ϊ
߼Ǵָָһز㡣㣬㣬֪ǵĹϵ
ֵˣʲô
֪ʣ޷޵ð˵ûҵ׸磡ӢҴﱧĺӡҴСϲԼҲ֪ƫƫҪҸܡ״ԪԺǱ䱾ŲҵĹ;ۼûʵɣȻҪӵĮȥôۿ˵һؾȻôù㣡
ָ˵ҡҡҡô֪ǻֹϵģֻĽֵܺǧټưҲŪɽžۣγŻðŶײĪɱΣհô֪ô֪
߼ͰͣͲ˰ɣȻҲͬ˵ɶӵ׷ʲô㲻˵ǰɣȥ
ӣԭط㶵
ӢҲ̲סЦƳָЦôѽѽѽôҲ
㣬Ƿ𣿡һ뵽ԼκͺֱȽϣ޲طȥ
ӢЦʲôǷ˻ǲ˼ƤЦȥ˫գһ¡
𶯣ˣ
Ӣ಻ԣڵû񹦣ôⷪô񰡣ĸָ֣
书ƶȴµһϴеĵǰͣ
δţӢһŮĽЦ崫󻤷ôңǽŴ΢̽̽ͷһװŮԾڣһ˫ͫĴתδȴŮòʱһ
ĶӢһٰʮ飬һ˲㳯ŮЦǡεϢרΪ¹
תӹȡһµĸ㣬ڴŮǰ⼸ս۶ҵһ֣ɴ˵гɳĮɣŮӳܱഺפصת°ɡ
¿һ㣬ƺȥӣΪȥѰ֣֪ǲǵƹԵʣ˫ЩʪȻ̣֮ȴջء
ùһַУûζ˫ʪʵҲó֮һֱôꡣҵȵˡ
Թ֮һͻȻԵУȻʵ㰮˵Īɱ
Ůֿ̧ԼᣬƿЦҰ𣿺ǺǣѾʮꡣ





 26 

仰䣬Ȼסӣֳʹı顣ŵؿ㡣ʲôΪ˱ĵ֮𣿡
ЦԼĵϣûб㱨𣬸οַʽ
ʢֵڵأǧƬô
еĶоҹڤɢʲôʲôֶꡣϧؿʹ̵ڵϵ£ĵµһǳɹˡ
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ѪеδйĵľΪͬ죬翪ڷĹϵĵ컨һӣΪЩŵܣ㡣˵ʲô
¿ŶŵĴ󻤷ЦˣմѪ˫ʺΣ欹죺һûгԾƾʲôԾΪ⼸겻岻¼֮飿Ұʮ꣬ϧҵˣҵĸ飬еһ׻һ겻ϵĹҩֻΪټһ棬ٸһİ£ȻȥһѮˡҳ׵ˡʮǰΪֿͬѷΪУʮ˭ϲȻΪ˱ŮɱҡЦЦǿЦ
ЦŴӵײײܳȥͣ˲Ȼѣ׷šȻ׵׷ʲôȻ֪ҪʲôҪɣһ
׷µӰһ·ҹɫֵĺ԰ԶԶؿվڼɽϣȣЦҹ紫Ī⣡龫ߣһеؾ㣬ֻΪǣûˣһҪɱ˭
ȥӰȴͻȻʧһ㡣
һлأڼɽȻһˣŹɡ
ܵĻڡһסӢ½˻ߵغ˵ҾͲң֪֪겻ҽͻû
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ӢƽֱصʦţʦʦĻ͹ڶľŵϷʦÿնҪߵͷ㣬ҴС󣬲д
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ӢҲ֪١ֻʦ˵λʦʱһλлҼΣѾõħ̣ħ̽ɽһսȻҲ֪Ƕľа̣ԵȻܵаһ·ԣͬ뾡һа취ӣպҲͼ档ʦǰԸᡣ֪λӢ۳⣬ʦƭɽ߻˵ˣϣʹġ
ľѾԤе£أ
Ǽ죬ţѰҰˣԽԽƫ괫ˣӹܵı޹ȥ˳ֹȻɱ¡ӴԺ󣬻޹˼ɣħɱͬѪȾ졣һӦǵĺƽ٣ͬһʮǰɶʿָǳƽһ
ҵʦ𣿡񣬺Ϳʵ
ӢԴһ£ղѾʦˣ˵أ֪ʲôԭǳֵȷѪ굽ʱ׵ĻͻȻʧˣû֪ȥʲôط˼ʮ꣬˵̨ɽĿУɣϧû˸ȥ֤¾Ͳ֮ˡԺʦڳɹӳϧѾڣڶľűſ죬һ仰Ҳûʦ뿪˵Ѱҳҩȥˡ
̾һɢĵİ¡ĪɱǸڿԵòý֡
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һθ֣Ժˣл㱵ظŵ衣
ͷЦһû˿˫Ѿʪ̧Ǽᶨ̩ɽǰ˵ЦǼѾ֪ˡǸʲôģ񴫸ǰѾҴϢ˵һ֪ء
Բ𡣡
Ҫ˵ԲҪ˵һǰּʱЦҾ֪Ѿ׽ˣһΪ˴Ӵ˵ĸԸȦףһ׷ɽԵһԺûۿң㣬ƽͰˣȻΪõػȥӡ
㣬һߣȴʼղϿһۣΪΣ
ȵ̧ͷˮԡܾ򲻵ѣӲ˳öӣ鷳ֻĪˣһ£һûħǰѾħ
һμҵħۣ֮ı䡣ôֱ㣿
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Цְɡ
վӢ˵仰ʱϵ̹Ȼ飬ҲҪһԼɷһΪǰ̹ȻԵģΪ˰˶ȥϻЦ
γֶ˱ۣڽϤɽ£һƬʯ֮߰ɣ͵Ƿģ
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ŮӾĿ˺ҹա
ңʬȻȥӴʧһõˣ
۾סļ硣






 27 

ҹԶͽȻѣȴǺ¶ħԼǰЦؿһʱ֮䣬֪ѣںδֽƯ
ǵӣûô¹ֹסز·Цͻһը죬һ㡣ͷݺҧѪ˵һ䣺ֵ𣿡
ĪɱεѵӣֻӯӯЦŵͷǰ
ͷͳһذףһβҪöˣ޻أá
ĪɱӹذףŵϾµĻƣޱضҶˡذףзЦ׼˵Ĳ
ͷ۾ҪЦģ۽ȴһᡣ
ס˷ĵ⣬Īɱֻȥᣬʵ𣿡
ͷǱ۾ȫֹһͷС
ĪɱЦˣ¾Ҫ
ۺȻеؿھʹѾĪɱסѨĪɱĶţ飬󾱸һƣ³һںѪӻͳƿʮϸСĺɫҩ£ֽƽǺñӡ
ʱѴ죬ͬˮ㣬֮޷ᣬͷɢ˼ܣĪɱ
ĪɱķӦӻ˫䣬һһ㣬ħѱжҲˡ󻤷㼸Υ˽Էƻ񣬱ϳ󻤷֮Σ̣ӴԺ󲻵ٲֶ񣡡
˳ɢİ׷᣺ѾڻѹĶٲħ壬Щ컯ҲһһȥӴԺκȥƽˡ𣿡ȻЦˣ¹һ㵭ʡ
κ뿪ڣѨԱţôŬҲЦ泯Լһˣһֱ˵űߣתʧ
κȻϣȻĵһ졣
صſ÷İɢҩŻѪϢǽǵϥǼ̧ͷʵؿһӰͬԵ֣ͻȻԼǰһż¼ĲӣʺɢЦݴŶѻɽʬżϼʡЦͬһ㣬Ŀεκ۾ֻ̧ȥ˿һЦݺȻͳȥǰԽԽŨеԼҪֻǺӰ𽥷Ŵڵסߡ
Ϊκ˱𱻳׸ı䡣
ѹһӰӵǰԥţ֪վǸֻȥԼ¡
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κЦˣ֪Ҳʮ壬һǰ̨ԤУĪɱһλĪ
һµʮ壬ĵ۶Ϊһϲ졣δʱ̨㼷ȺӵСˣʿؿܼüһá
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Ӣָǹ֮ȻŰŮܹˣɫһƬ֮ŮĪرߵŮɣ
Ӣȴ˱ģҿǹˡȻûҵʦšôֲܶڻʹصأѵҲǡ찡ǡӢĿɿڴվԭء
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 28 

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 29 

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Ӣ𾪲ѣôܣֻǰǴˣδˣκΨһһܸɵˡ
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Ц״̬ܰԼȫĵͶ뵽ҵУԼ粻Ըعʵӱܡ
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