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ҳһС˵⡷죬Ѿȥ˶ʮꡣʱ治ţķ֮һͣҵͿͿддȻšʮ꣬жٷ꣬ϲŭ֣ҵġдȴһֱеһߡҾɥʱһӶݵдȥһʱһֵдȥҼįʱд飬ҳʵʱȲҪʰдҵĸоĶʮ꣬ȻżݷϢȴӲֹͣдϸϸӡ⡷ʼҵĹ¡Ϊֹʮѳʮı顣 
ȥΪŴ½̽ףʮ״λش½˱ҵʮƷ߰˲ۡʱһǿҵԸҪúһЩƷ̨ΪкüƷҪٰ棬ҺΣ;ٰ֮㣬ҵƷĻ汾ʽͳһţסȫ 
ΪʱѾͬƷҲʱڵֽš塢༭汾ʽԶʤټϣҹȥƷе̫(硶¥)е̫((˲ݡ)еŰ̫ܣеŵ̫ɣе̫Се̫һΣǰеȱʧȫĵƷݣҲиģ磬()һУȻ߸£Ǽͦ£񣬳һ£ԭɡΡ磬(¥)ֻһƪǿ飬ܾڣ⼸ƪ½Ἧ 
еƷУرǡʧӡⲿϸ˵һԼȱԴСͯꡱݣȱ˳ɳԺĹ̡괺죬ҽдҳɳԺĲݲ룬ΪҵĹ¡ⲿ飬ҵȫȡˡʧӡʮĲ飬󣬱ʮڡʧӡеɢĲݣԺ󣬿ܻ㼯ҵɢģһɢר 
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ԼƷдúãҲÿγ飬սսıԼƷߵĿ飬ʱĿ顣ڣڡȫǰϦ黳ȻǿҡܾԼСƽдÿ飬ҲһЩСƽĹ¡гСҡĸ飬Ҳֻǡƽˡĸ顣Ұסȫ׸ȫƽģͲƽǣ 
дһŰ˾ʮһ 
̨԰ 
ƪȫдһŰ˾꣬Ѿһžˡת˲䣬ʱѳɹȥ䣬дȻġ⡱ԣ˵ʮı飬Ѿ½ӵʮ౾ţδһдⲿȫжܹܲԤġԸҵĶϲÿһ飬֧ҼŬȫܹԽԽ׳ǾҵϣҵҸҵĿˡһžʮ 
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1



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ȻиԽģģŮԵĸ𣬴ܵ᯼šǸ߿͸Ʋ㣬Խɽ壬㣬ȺɽлƷɾ켫ˣתۿ 
ףµطôôĸ 
ǸӰĻ飬Ѿһݡͯʱʼ͸ʮ꣬롣Ȼǵ͵ıӣֱҺ飬˼࣬һֱסǣƷôõദѱͬˡȻÿ顰ѧȴһ顰Ʒɵİá£˽ˡƷɣҲͬ 
ǰ׸軹ûũСڳЩʲô 
ƷɾרעǸʣ࣬ҧַǳϡţ 
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ƷԽԽ棬̲סһ֣ǰ 
ҵҪȥ˭ڳ裿 
ԣеġ⧱䡱ֱһˮȡӡ 
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Ʒɣ㣡㣿ʡ 
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סֵ֣Ͳһֵܵ˭Ҷ֣ҵ裬ʬһ㣡𣿡ȡ 
İƷһţصĺһ 
Ʒ۾ͼĽ 
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ظ͸һڳ 
ڴһǣ羲ĵվǶһ顣磬ǼܹܵŮƷС꣬Сꡣ͸Ңչġɥĸ浴ŮһƷɵġСӰӡڣֻԶԶĿԴӸŴңһۿȻţٷ磬˾ͳˡӵУһﲻʱƷһ䡰뿪ˡ³һ 
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类ͷƷɣʢ£ʢŰˣʢǧȴһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ 
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үӭؼң 
ˡҶҲţ 
үӭؼң 
Ʒ裬ס֡ 
裬㻹 
кᡣ 
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ִֵܶæ˵ 
ܹܣϣҪ֪ͣͨеѣһҪ©ƹеԱͳͳ 
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Ʒɾȣֹ 
֪Ŀܣӻ˵ 
Ҫ˵ˣǸӣúõһɣ 
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һ߰ɣţվ˱ɻʯ 
磬ﳤȥˡ 
ƷɿıӰ̾ϢңǼˡ 
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̫̫ÿ춼ʰü飡ϳһǺüСʱ 
Ʒʲô˵浾ͻϲĿ裺 
裡Ȼ߳үԵǡӡٺϡǸʨͷľ⡢ӡ׼ 
˵Ҹովȥ˵ˣүҪϯЩҳˣֻܵȵˣ 
浿Ʒɣ 
ڶҪȻڵĳԣȥ 
㲻ҪæòãҡƷɲĺ 
Ҳææܣǿ߸˵ĳԶһܰɣ˵ţͼܳȥˣƷס 
һߣƷɾżĿ裬̲סѿ׷ʣ 
裬ңô޸ˣôأ 
Ǿ˵ˡ֮Ǹүƭˡ̾һ 
ĿòãƷЩż 
үһ˭ܹúã 
ǡܹܸҢأǻί𣿡 
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Ʒ۾ 
˵ģƭң 
үҼʱƭ㣡 
ƷɴܴɫҰסһƨɵϣһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ֪ҹλأΪʲôǿĸ׵ңԣĸ׵Σĸ׵İ̧ۿŴ⣬һ֮飬ԴԴӿεİΧסˡ 
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2



İɽׯ֣ԶԼģǿңҲԼдġɽׯɽˮõòˡ纭һߵ᲻뿪ˡɽׯ˲Ѫʵ⣬ܼ˵šʮҲ½ӸһЩ䣬𽥱ĺס纭ġáȫҵġݡšܰꡢ㡱͡ 
ǣԶأֻáת˲ʧȥ 
ϣԶһյƳȥһף׷˳ 
ôˣҪȥ 
ҳȥɢɢϾͻչŵܵܩ 
ǡһ·ӻ죬Զ· 
Զ·תҪߡ 
ﺰ 
ʲô£ 
㡭㲻Ҫ̫ãɽǶر֪кö໰Ҫ˵ǣԼӻҪذ 
Զһ𣬿 
㡭ô֪ҪȥǶ 
£Ҷ֪ÿȥǶҲ֪˵ġ˵㲻Ҫ̫ģ룬չǱʽһа취ģ㲻ǳ˵˼Զϣ޾֮·𣿡 
ԶЦ 
ǰҶĿֹ۶ˡԴȥ֮Ѿ޷ֹˡ˵ţϧĿʵǸµĺúӣЩˡӦøҸżҵģҵ£ҲһֱҵǣҰ֪ԼûмʲôأˣߣҪ˵֪ܶ¶á 
һ죬һ٣һȡ 
ôˣ˵Щ 
ԶЦЦ˻֣ 
úãҲ˵˵ˣתȥˡ 
Զȥˣʹŵãһͨ桰˵¡ 
¡Ѿ˵˼ٱ飬СԶǸ 
ﱳǽţС廳СڣϥϡһˣһڿСţ쳤ֺȣСŬҪѹԼϵֽŰῪ￴ŵǣᣬġ˵ţ 
ǰֵıǣһиܻᳪĸ񡣸ĵһܻдʦ̸񳪸衣һλʦ֪һҪˡһ𳪸裬һд衣ʦд˺ö񡭡 
Сӿڣ 
ǡƶ 
ԣǡƶǣǸˣͱ˴మˣҲֿܷˣǺΪޡǣ˼ҵģԺʦһ𣬸ĵ¡ 
ǣôమʫľӣһ 
ǵġѾˣôٷֿأݸ飬ڸж˸óĻʦҪȥɼҵǣԶٻص 
Сķ˸۾ԭû˯ţҲӿˣ 
ԣǾ͵ͩǣиطɽˮ㣬ãǾһأһİɽׯһ 
ͷҲɢʱ򣬾Щѹģ˵ 
ǵģһȻӡ 
ǾС延ĺ 
ǣǾ˵ֵֻСԣǵһһ֡ 
Ȼһһվ 
𣿡 
һԾʣ 
ʲô 
鱼ǰ 
⣬ԶԶģѣѸٵƽԼԼɫУӣһӣ 
ȫ˵ǰȥ 
ʱԶŷƣվ޵ĹǰĹ˵ 
纭ʵǶԲ㣬꣬ҰһŪ߰㣬Ѿծ̨֪ҪôƺźáӣһһĹɿɰֻǣ飬Ѿ˽䣬ȴˣû˼ңСʮˣΨһкҴӦ㣬һúõͩǾôСѧҶʮʵû취ȥҾڼԶֹͣȻʲô̧ͷɽµԭҰϣѵ㣬ڷɳۡ 
Զһ㵡 
ӣҹӣٶϸķȻء찡ȥİɽׯ찡ǡҹɶӡ 
ԶνűԼİɽׯ񱼶ȥһ񱼣һûĺţ 
ǲҪ£ˡˡ 
ΪƷͻȻؼңȥּİɽׯġȻİɽׯҪ⣬ǣ˵ӹһ١ 
ƷɻȻͣһֱûеطԷйټ֡궼ûˡӣŻÿҪѪƷˡôԶʧô겻ɢӳʱƫƫҢֲʶ࣬ҪȰһֱ˵ 
裬һ̣Ҫȥˣİɽׯǵģһȥ𣿡 
ΪʲôҲܳȥֲǳȥ֣ȥҮ 
ҵ˼˵ڴͣǲǺôӦȥһ£ 
ʲôܸΪƷˣû뵽ͷӾȻΪĵͣˣ˭ǵ˭鹣μƷɵĽӷ磬ǲҲڣûƷɵСӣҵģ 
ʲôҢɫˣðɣߣ 
ǣӣЩӣŻѣƺƵıİɽׯ 
Ѹٵĵɽׯǰ棬죬˻һֱ嵽İɽׯԺ⡣ 
ҳȥҪǿ躰ƥʹ˷Ժʻţ׷׵¡ŵãڴڿĿɿڴСŵͳ壬һͷﺰ 
㿴żСģҪǳȥˣ 
㲻ҪȥѽǰѷɣＱ 
ѾԺӣϴ󺰣 
Զҳ 
ǾŻѣĸź 
ԶԶԶԶ 
һͳ壬ţ 
ǳŵģҲȥ˭ȥ 
ҲһȥСǡ󼱣׷飬Ҳȥ 
ҸһȥСĴС 
ҲȥСܡ 
ңҡСС 
ǣС׷ȫ˳ȥ 
Ժ棬˰ӳԺӺһɷԺƥܼ̤ӰţȺÿزѡУ 
Զ㵽ǶȥˣٲǾͲˣ 
Զɱ˳ǷծǮʱˣҲܲˣҲ㲻Ǭһ㣬ͷڹ꣡ҢҲź 
Уڳ˳¸ҵİͷϣһɲơ 
ЩʲôˣҹǺУҵȥˣڼң£ 
飬ͷЦˣ 
Ң𣿽ǰأ 
ľȻڼңųſϷȥˣ裬㿴أǹԹԵأҢš 
黹û˵ﱼǰȻʣ 
ǲչҵˣһλչү 
һ֮£ֻףᱡ֮ġһ᲻صסĲӣ°ͣһͲòӶ 
ŶҲ֪չүô㿴һԣչүҪ۹⣬µĿ 
ﱻһ󾪣ĺ 
ſңлú˵ҶˣҪʲôȿȡȿȡսҪϢˡ 
һûҲû룬־ޣ⧲޾Ȼַȥ 
־ŭһ֣ץޣ˳һ޳ϡ 
ˣȻүޣΪǸҾͻϧ𣿡 
鰤һޣԳһѪۡһͷ˫ƺҪڻ£裬ŭ 
չģ㲻ҪΪƴƴ󣬾ǼҲǷ㼸ǮûǷչңѪծѪȡһ죬ᱻ 
Ц 
֣ĽϲһιĲӣҢùգи 
ʮ֧ȫŭɶӡ迴һŽġġ˧ӣǶȼŭĴ۾ˣ˲ܱӡ辪漫ˣô֪ͷôŮ 
ＱˣҲˣ 
ôѵͩѾûзǷ֣֡ȥޡ 
ʱСŻĻֱһͷײĶϡŭţ 
ЩǿˣǸҴҽ㣬Ҹ˵꣬ץסĸۣһҧȥ 
쵰ŭץסСģˤڵϡѽҴ򣡺ݺݵĴ򣡡 
ӱ޳СġСͼųǰ 
ԣСϣҪСġ 
ôһģһ򣡡辪㵼ˡССģʹشСŵáۡһˡ 
飬ССİ򣬾û˹ȥЩޣôס˻£ϣ˱ӡ 
ģŭĴ󺰣 
һĴˣŴܵϰռ޴򼸸޴ĺӣӢۺú캦£𣿲¾Ӿ𣿡 
һ죡Ң̧ͷԸҿͷǲ׼¶ˣЩӳͣΪͿԹأҲ̫СչĳˣԴҺҽȥˣ 
һ£Ӧʱ䣬һƹƹңŷɿȦɢɹҽݵĽݣȥţȥţֻţѾ÷ɱȺɢһʱ䣬ҳһš 
Ҳͷӱ档 
ǲǶڲȥ޹˵ 
һӱ񷿣һ֧ˤڲ񷿶ϣɲǼ䣬񷿾֮С 
ʱԶĴɱ˾󣬻ɢ󺰣 
չү鰡 
ͷˣͷˣĺ 
СġС˵Ĵӵ𣬿޺šԶ 
ԶϢĿӣˣСﻳУŵɫٿȼյĲ񷿣񱼵ļţʹŭĿ񺰣 
ôǷǮŬĳŬĹҪѽôԵҼɱ˷Ż޳޺ޣû㣬ôµֱ֣ˣһħ 
ҶһӣѾȫʧȥˣ޵ıָԶıӣն˵ĸ㣬ѲļңʲôƨİɽׯˣҵģȥͰˣջرռķزԼķӣͲ𣬰վգǼڿʼ͸ҹȥ 
ʲôʱѷˣҲǽǮѣԶ־ŭ 
ҢԼд־øҾ֪ЩûƷĶ黹û飬ȫһӣ 
Ңǰȥӻͳһ־ݣԶԶ 
㿴㿴дȥʮ岻ǮİɽׯķᣬأȫչУȥ¾͵ˣѾһӣ㻹ʲô˵ 
ǱƲѲдȥѽԶߵĺ 
վҢߣ־ݣͻȻһеһԾȻ־ݡһ־˺ˣҢæȥأæ־Ҳ̻ʵĳ¶ȥˡҢ 
գȻһУ 
һ֣סգԼ 
֣ϲ͵ͷԶ˵ͷǰ棬ŮСţٿһΣ 
Զһڿˮȥ󺰣 
ſ֣ҵŮҸˣǰȥץ衣 
ͷƲԳԷƣѽҴصĴ򣡡 
Ӧţһӿϣȭͷ£Զڵء費ģ߹ȥֶĴ򡣱ߴ 
˵ϣ˭˭͵鹣㲻Կ 
ӣľսŵ̧ͷ裬ҧгݵĴ󺰣 
չģѾû־ˣǵļİɽׯĺȺȥ 
Цӻͳһ־ִػ 
㿴ʲô־ݣʮţһţһеأοİɽׯķͱѺˡ 
ʱѾӲյԽԽ󣬻׽졣 
ǵķȫŻˣСš 
ҽУ 
٣ĺ٣ȫѽƿС壬𳡱ȥ 
һƺͣɽׯڻˣһѱס 
ʱܣ 
Ⱥ̼׿˻ţţ忪ˣܾţȺбܣţĸţһƬҡ顢ССĶȥԶԶվȻûС塣 
С壡СԶ󺰡 
ֻСĺ 
Сöˣ 
Զŵûɢ 
찡ܽȥˡҲ룬ͶŻֱȥ 
顢СġСУ 
С塭 
Զû𳡣ʧ١ 
ҪųȥҢѸٵס 
ҪٽȥҢûӾҪ𣿡 
顢ССĵܴ𣬸ŵɫޣҲˣֻǵǻ棬ƺҪ۹꣬ȳԶС塣 
һת䣬ʹе˶סˣҢҲˣҶԼͬĶԻ𳡿ȥ 
ԽԽһݶˣУɴܵĻǣɢ£顢ССžŹȣʹס 
û뵽ٺݣҲҪءҢĬȻǶѻȸĴ 
ȻǻУԶȫŻıС壬񱼶 
ҾһӴ󺰣 
ǣҾѽ 
Ǿͱǰȥ׷£ԶӴš 
ԶڵϷСе䣬һߡ顢ССĿޱȥеĽеСĽС塣СĻϵĻѾͷ·ð̣ȫǺڣҲ֪жˣҡţ 
СöСö 
ˮʱ£С壬ʲĺ 
лл죬˵㻹ţ 
ԶȴûСôȫˣͷսˡϵĻԺһϢ۾Ѱĵͺ 
顭ССġС塭 
ӴӵԶߣᣬ֪Ҫȸס̧ͷĺ 
ϿܰϿȥ򰡡 
Զţ 
 
§С壬Զߡ 
 
ԶŬ۾ 
չǣ 
꣺ 
һģһġ 
߿ޱ˵ 
ŵȥ򡭡 
Զ۹⣬ʮֲɨŮ˻ƶ 
ΪǸáǿĵط˭֪ѾʧˡǣԲǡԺ󣬿Լˡ 
Զ˵꣬һ鴤ͷȻǣңˡ 
ССģҵĿ񺰳 
 
ӣ˷ļУ 
ȥѽѽѽ 
ҢӣԶıϢ;̧ͷֵܽãȻ˵ 
ǵĵѾȥˡ 
һ棬ϣ顢ССľãȻʧģʹķ˼İţ 
 
˵ң߿ƺصľͷ 
Ҷסˣû˵ֻܵˣϵı 
Ƭ̣عһ¡ޱ顣ǰͳһǮߡ˵ 
ֻջҵķϣֳԼܵȥģȫǸ⣡ЩǮȥɥ£СԼҸطȥסİɽׯأѾһƬˣһҪջأΪȥκθı䣬˵ˣߣ 
һ֣ЩӾԾӹԶߣɵǶһͬʯԶʵ 
Ȼ䣬̧ǸǮ裬Ǯӵȥ̧۵ףŭ𣬺ͼİɽׯӳ˻ţ 
ջĳǮÿǮϣմɱ˵ѪҿԶҿҪѪǮǮѪծƽһ񺰣 
߳ŭǮһץסŭ˵ 
ǸͷһֳӲҪͲҪ˭ںߣ 
һ˻;ȥˡ 
ССġСȻΧԶʬ壬Ҳ 
İɽׯѾսƽˡɵطȻðŻ࣬𲻶ϣ졣 
վڻǰ棬ͻȻ죬˫֣Ĵ󺰣 
ϵɣǶţ췢ģҪҪ𡭡Ҫ𡭡 
ĺ͸Ʋ㣬ֱ 
İɽׯĻɷɴܣǶãһѪĵļ֤ 
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3



ɣ¶չҵ¥̨ͤ粴컧ӳɫã 
ػǾĵģ˯ĩѡ 
չҵĻԺҲǾĵġ 
Ȼӻת˳һֻèһŲ̬ţʱͷȴͣЪ첽ǰšһ£һֻͻȻȺɡһվסˣ濴ͥԺһƬţŰ¼ģǰȥ 
ƷɵĴǰͣסˣһһԼ۴ 
Ʒڴϣͷ۾컨塣һҹ̫ѹͷĸ׵Ĳļޣ׵ϲ⣬İšҹߡ 
   
ϵ̷´ 
˭ʡ 
ң硣ش 
Ʒɼæߵǰ򿪴ӡ̣ӴǶȵ۹⡣ 
ҪȥæɩŪͣʱ䣬㽲仰꣬Ҿߣ 
Ʒţ 
Ŷ 
綢Ｄǧǣûа취̸ʱ䲻ࡣܿĿ˿ڣ˵ҹδߣĻһԶ㵹 
Щǵģߵǰһϣ˭ûߣֻиңҪˣǵϣ˵һһӡ 
Ĵ 
ҪЩˣʱҾ͸߹㣬ҪңԲҪҡҡҡͷҲģ 
ӹһĨʹѹԼ 
֪㲻ңȻҺϣһҡû취㳤̸ԺȻסһΧǽһ£ǣܹ˵Ļᣬµ㡣ԣұ㣬Ҽ޸裬ɡ 
㲻Ҫҽ͡ 
Ҫִ˵ͷðǰһɣ 
ǡƷˡ 
һɣıжˣЩϣ˲֪ٹʹţûҼֱȥԣҼ޸ʱϣΪ㣡 
ͷ 
ڶɣǡҵѾС˼չңҲ֪ʲôɣ˳չҼסȥԶסȥԡҼˣ 
Ʒһ֪˵ģʵӿһɾ޴ǸΡҧҧ촽˿˵ 
֪ڵĵλʵڲ㵥档˵ɻ㣬ɻ䣬ҲܳһĴһĴԣԾڴˡұˣԺ룬Ҳˣ̧ٿһ䣺һ仰һһҹȻû˵ӭؼҡġۿˣֿģĵظһΣӭؼң˵꣬Ҵҵתȥˣ 
磡̲סͺһ 
عͷ 
˵ʲôִסˣֻ˵ 
㡭Լذ 
ͷȦһ죬첽ˡ 
Ŀӣʧڻľ԰Źϴӡת鲻ԽһѹűңڡҡΣŻؼҵһ죬ˡ 
ϣƷɲһμ衣 
һӵˣѾΧŲˣܹҲһܹ͡չѾʮܹܣƹչеҵڶʮǰͰѶԺͼסԣܹܵסչҡֻҪˣͰһԷ 
Ѿͷ̺ţСϱƲģĵİ꣬Ʒɽţ̧ºܺãƷɣţһֱԼܹ˵ 
òףƷɻˣҪŰţЩ¹ƷɹܣЩ¹ܣҪܹܣɱΪŮƫ裬֪𣿡ֵͷƷɣЩҵʲôʲô㾡˵ 
Ʒɲˣ˵Լʲôܣĸ飬ο񣬾͸˵ˡܹһӦţ 
һģһģƷǴ磬ȻƷΪ 
ƷۺһĴ⡣˵ʲô󲽵߽һžͿŵĶÿ˴к 
磡磡磡磡 
 
磿Ƕˣһŵ 
ɿĽӿڣ 
ˣڼԾϯҺҢ۵һ͵ˣǻ˹ңҲᷭŶ 
æʲôȥˣʡ 
治ɫĻش 
Ȼѽ 
Ʒ̾ 
Ȼ㵽ȥȻˣ̵Ҹ˵ٴΣΣյĵطҪȥֻһӰ 
ߵǰԸһȭ 
ϲϲ 
ϲʲôһͷˮȻ𣺡ǰҶþø˲ǣ 
㲻ҪӶƷɺòãҹϲ㣬ΪϪǿأڽˣǵķ֯¸¾ͿԿ˽ˣ 
ܹܾϲĿ 
һϲ£Ѿˣͷˣ 
ˣһƨλŵĺţҿˣ 
缱æϷȻְһۡ˵ 
ѾͷһȺõһܳվ̺ҳԷ𣿡 
ҡÿ춼𣿡һ㣬еš 
ӽ𣬲Ҫֱˣҵţóŵ£һȻһ 
̧ܹͷ磬κηӦ 
Ʒɰҧҧ˵ʲô 
İһϡ̧ͷƷ˵ 
֯ԭĹ룬ϧˣԶֻ룬ûжκ£ǸͲ֮ 
Ʒüͷ 
֪ĺ˼ɵģأѾúˣ 
ҵδأǣߵʱǰûһƲڣѾģˣҲ֪δ֪أǻ̫ɣо仰Ҫ˵ǰ棬Ҿֵ飬ٹʣ 
Ʒ裬˵ 
ĸ㣡λҪҲҪ̣ںչҵҲƣҵͲߣȻߣʲô׿㲻ҪǸխ˼ȥŤÿһˣİɣЩ£һ֣ 
üˣҾҪ仰̧ͷЦˣҵţҵˣǴҶˣǶǼ֤ٵͷĿƷɣԼ˵ڵĻɱ𷴻ڣ糿ͳһ˵ʮ֣ҰæţԺʡ 
   
Ʒһ̾ңǼˣ 
İɽׯջ֮ĵ죬ԶͲݲݵᡣ 
죬ġμģ顢СС⣬ֻжүүͶһھˡʵϣϷޣҲϪڽеסˣԶܡҪȻ⼸죬Ƕ֪ҪסǶȥźáİɽׯ֮һ棬ǲֹʧȥ˼Һ͸ףʧȥһСһϴ·ûСǶҳŮľѣҹĸӴ̵ŮѼ޵Զȥˡ 
ڡް纭֮ľɷԱߣ¾һ󶴡ãø׳ĸ׵ߡ 
ûоûʽľĹѨСһһȥ 
顢ССĴ£վڷǰ㲣۾סĿѹľڸǡ 
үүһϵĶĹѨ˵ 
Զϵܣϣҿ⣬ϵİɽׯʱѾȥˣûܼһ棬ʹļˣǼֻڣҾˣõǮոչɥ¡Сϵܣ֪ĲµģӣϧھӣѾչұˣʣҺ̫ţͰ͵ģ֪ܰæ 
Ҳ㣬ӿ˵ 
ǣôһչ˺õܵãԶͰĵȥɣ 
үүͶ̵ĻһʹҲ̲סῴĹѨĿ˿ڣ 
ڿԺһˣϣ֮飬ǣΪˮҲǿҺú¡СӻԺڣǻģԲգ֪СͲãڣˣ˾ţŲȥǱС壬ǸҼǿǸһָʾԺҸô죿 
Сľǿţʱһ̧ͦͷ˵ 
㣬㲻ҪģǼΨһкѾʮ꣬ܶˣһӣǣ˵ú֣زȥ󳡹 
һˣǰȥץСһҡ˵ 
ո˵Щȫջȥ 
Сıץʹˣĺ 
 
۾ģ˵ 
ԣǼΨһкҵƽ㣬Ϊ㣬ҳ͵˵Ůһ쵽߶ţҪõĽȥѧڣӻûأȥˣôһϢϴѹСĵĺԣҪĹѨͷߵŬ飬Ϊһ 
Сľǿֱͦ˲ӣǲϵͷ޺޵˵ 
ʲôãô飬˻ 
һ־͸СһƣСһ㣬ڼϡ 
飡ﾪôˣ 
Сİ˴־ʹ̧ͷУ 
ңŵʱ򣬴ûдңڵŸʹң 
Сĺ꣬һתܣɿסһѽıסʵĺ 
ȥΪ˭Ҳ뿪˭ӣսСĵ˫ۣ˵㣬Ϊѹ̫ģ˵ڡΨһк㣬ŵǴӳ 
⻰˵ĿҲ̲ס˹ȥڵϣıסСġź 
Сģԭңԭҡ 
Сһʲôû˵Ҳӵס顣 
С̲ס˹ֱסҡ 
ޣҺްСš 
ѵȫӵڻʹ˵ 
ҿްɣǺúõĿһɣ 
ǣĸֵܽñһ𣬿޳һš 
ԱߵүүͶ̣Ҳܲŵˡ 
ԶΪˡϣܼڶүүҵһСһĪչϣͩ͵ƺĹߣڴϵС塣Сϣ˵ĵطֺףһˮݣϣϣȫˡСŶ̸ҩ࣬ͣĸǣСһֱ߽ 
ްȥ 
õģĿתĿС壬ż˵ 
飬㿴СˡѾҩôˮˣ֪᲻̣СƯ˰̣ô죿 
ͷֻһȥƺûĻ 
С૵ĺţ 
СöСö 
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Сתͷʹţ 
СöȾСö 
СС壬־ 
㣬С᲻ᡭ᲻ᡭ 
վڴߵСģĺ 
ᣡֻˣͳ嵽ǰҡС壬˵С壡Ҹ㵱ȥᣡҰС㿴ո㿴ҪʲôҶȥԶ㷢ƢˣС壡 
СҲ͵С崲ͷæ˵ 
ҲǣҲǣС壬ֻҪѹӣޣҼҾơҪʲôʲôҲ᲻ͷˣ 
һᣬͷС壺 
С壬ҪΪȥˣˣǲʧȥ㣡С壬۾ǰɣ 
Сƺֽǵĺ۾˿ЦЦ 
㣬㡭 
ҪʲôＱæȥ 
ö񰡣С־˵ 
Ƕ񣿡һ㡣 
С۾ֱˣ֪ûѣеСͷӣżվ˵ 
ڷգ̣Ӧȥ￴ȥǰ취ǣһǮûУôأסڶүүңҲǰ취ҪԣүүͶѾˣǲñţôأ 
վžһԼԴϺݺݵһǡ޺޵˵ 
ҾǱһԶûУʲôܹܹСܹ·ЬܹסĵطʲôᣡΪʲôҪǮǸ˵أðײã 
ڰҲûãʵϣҲǸǮģɽׯСİɽׯ𣿡 
İɽׯİɽׯѾɻҽˣʲôǸխСķﶵȦӣŲԽԽѾԴ벻취֪ſԻչңһѻǼҸյǬǬ 
飬̲ס嵽ǰץס˫ۣҡţ 
飬һѣСǶ²֪㲻취ȾС壬ȴǶЩ£ҪͬЭչ˵ܵã㣬ȴӱͷѹɣڣҪ£Ǳȥ𣿡 
鱻ˣ۾Ȼһתſھߡ 
ȥǶ 
ȥͩ취 
ǴĺŻǹˣͩǻжʮҹôȥͩǣͩǣȫǵ˶˯ô취 
һ꣬ 
֮һ취ûеģȥ˵ 
Ҳˣ 
ںͷһڽȥҴٳ£Ҳһͷײˣ 
һ壬ۿˣ 
㵽Ҫô죿 
ʱһ죬үүͶ˽ߵߣ˵ 
飬ǽҪٳˣ֪ж༱󡭡ǼеǮˣײıġǣŲҪȥСβɣһ磬Ǹ峵ȥɣ 
һ㣺 
̡ҡôǮ 
үүֿĽ˿ڣ 
ȥɣСҪҽҽ˿ҽԺҽ˺а취ϴżҵİţڹﱻˣȥǶκõģ̶û 
ȼϣ 
̶û𣿡 
ûҿСǲٵˡ 
ìܼˣ 
ǡǡ 
ֽ̰һأס 
ڹۣͱ˵ˣǮʱٻңţҺͷӹǻͦӲʵģǮܺü궼òţ 
սǸǮ˵ˡ 
߹ͨһ͸үүͶ̹ˡ 
һҲˡ 
һССǰҲһˡ 
үүͶ־ֻţȥ֪һźá 
ڶһ磬Сһư峵ϣֽƵͩǣͽˡʥҽԺҽԺǽ̻ģҽʿܺС塣εĽýȫľսˣ 
̫ˣأѾܵϸȾסԺƣʲôʱܳԺҪָһҪ׼Ĵֻаٷ֮ʮҽ˵ 
վȣһ 
ٷ֮ʮô˵Σա 
ȷʵΣգ 
ǡסԺҪǮʡ 
ǽ̻ҽԺסԺķûᾡõͣǣµҩƣҩѺܸߣȻҲͨҩΣεúβãҪˣ 
ﻹ˵ն˹ģᶨ˵ 
Ⱦãܶҩ㾡ãҽҩǻḶģ 
Сסһ󲡷кöˣӪһСŽ׵ĴԵСǴƺʱʧû취ڲǰչˣҪȥǮֻöССģڲǰչáѽסԺʣµǮ󲿷ݶɸС²֪С壬ãȻʧССģǧģ򲻷ġǣҽҩûУסûУʳסУûСֻժǿ㷲ģҽԺȥ취ˡ 
ͩǣǸܷٵĳСģҲ̵ˮġ 
ϵκˣûбûйϵҲû˿ıְľ顣˿ʼ˺üġäĿְ֪ǽʮ̫ҸˡǸշСһֱڸĸůĴ£֪ʲôС̬ʲôСͶ· 
Ǽȥÿһҵ̣һһҵʣҪԱҪҪѾͷ𡭡õĴ𰸣ȫҡͷףĮġ 
죬ߵýŵ׶ĥˮݣƣȻһͷûС 
죬иĵϰͬĿ˵ 
ͷҶԼĻԼɣҹɲסȥ粴Ժ 
粴Ժ֣æʡ 
ڲ 
Ҳûϸʣ͵ˡ粴Ժ̱һ䲼õûµĻһúܻ긾ˣܸȤģµĴ 
ҹȱǮǲǣ𣿡˺ɫʡ 
ǰǰǽôֻϸԸɣæͷ 
ҿ׬ǮҪ٣ʡ 
һòͷ 
ǵĹʲôأ 
ǵ粴ԺҹȻ֪粴ԺǸʲô𣿡ЦˣҴ򿪴˵û·ˣҲңأרŸҽѵģңҶˣ׬Ǯ࣬׬Ǯ졭 
ô׬ж죿鼱ʡ 
ҿϸһԪ 
𣿡 
ϣңԺÿµ϶ǮϣֻҪǿϸɻ 
ǿϸɣһϸɡһĵͷ 
ôҪд־ݸǣ֤֮ڣ粴Ժ£תУ˵ţһ־ݵ˵ǰ 
⹤ʵǡ 
ﻰû꣬Ȼһ죬һŮӣͷɢĳţ 
ҡ 
Ůӱһòӣŭ׷ŭţ 
ģΪ㻹ҲɣҲɣҽ͸һɫҹ 
һץŮӱܲһ±˺ƣŮŶǶź 
ҲˣҲˡ 
ں̸һ֣ˣץסŮӵĸһ 
ɣɾͰǮΪ粴Ժʲôطɵ˵˵߾ߣ 
һܾʹǰӥץСƵģ׽סŮӣȥŮһ·߽šſڣݺݺ඼ͷ֡ 
һһס֣󺰣 
ܰ 
תŶȥһܵϣ˺һ·վؿڣδ 
գһԼˣ˵ 
ŵһ亹ϸǮֱǸԺô³çҹһҪŪʲô 
̾־ɥ 
һ죬һջûУ۵ýƣͷۻŵȥ룬ڣô죿 
ô죿һ취ûС 
֪СˣǻȻҽԺɣټŬ˵ 
ƣģɥģ˴˲ŻصҽԺߵſڣСݵĴӭ˳ 
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Сˣľʡ 
Сܺã˵кܴĽҲˣ˯ú㡭Сæ˵ǣСĲˣ 
˵СĲʲô˼һֱҽԺ𣿡龪ʡ 
ǸߣСľ˵ҽԺȥ˵ȥͻȻˣڶû 
ּ 
кӵëһĶûУҪҽԺãסˣ 
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ûаǮ 
ԽԽ 
Ҫ뿪С壬Ȼܳȥ֣ҷǴȲɣ 
˵ţСĻˡʮǱ·ȫǺڻңҲǶһڣһڣһһ˵ġһ̧ͷ㣬еĻţŬԼȣµĺ 
㣬㣬ҵ𣿡 
ﾪ㵵Ŀ 
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ûˣôˣһץȥĿܡ 
СıһӴӴг 
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ƿһһֻСϥѪ߰ߣ˺ôһ顣 
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ҪˣûϸҩҪǮҲŲҪأС 
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Сʵ̲סˣͻȻӿڴͳһͭ壬һ 
ǣСҽҩѣ֪ȥ׬ 
顢СȫһӣסСĵ֣⿪ָһֻϣĥƤѪ˿ɫˣ 
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Сĵͷ 
ȥ˿󳡣ȥͯˡ 
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СĽһˮͶ 
֪ԩСģǺڣʹ˵ˡ 
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ȥúȥ粴Ժˣѿڶ 
󾪣ſСģץס飬һҡ 
飬ô˵ֻ㲻Ҫң붼룡Ӧң붼Ҫ룡ǺôԶŮ 
ǣҪô죿 
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㣬¿ޣҲȥȥͺˣ㲻Ҫѽ 
ᣬˡ 
Сۿʪˣ˽Ŀһ𣬱˴࿴ģǧΡ 
------------------ 
 








4



ڶ죬ּҹһ죬ɺ޽չ 
ƻʱ֣ƣĽŲһҺɵĲ͹ǰ̧ͷһǳ棬ȻǳԷʱ䣬п½ڡ͹ݴ棬һƣдš¥֣ǽֵ̣յĹâ⡣ 
˴˻˵ 
Ҳ͹ݺɣʱ䣬Ѿп˳ˣһͦã 
ӺɣǸʲôԺһ˵ 
˵ǻҪ˶˲ϲˣ 
㲻Ҫһҧʮ²òãһ֪һ 
˵ǻҪӣ 
˵Ҫϴϴ룬ɨɨء 
һͦǰ 
ȥʿ 
Ｑæס 
ǻƵȥʰɣ˼⡭ 
Ƶ¥ĺţŰذ뿪Цﴫ͹ǰȥҪţžһˣţһˮùһͷһ 
󾪣һ˺һּĿڴ 
񾭲۾ϹˣˮҲû棿 
ڣһ൱ŮӣżֽģһŤ˳۹Խһɤţָֻŵ 
Ӵͩ£СＸʮһȥҪǼҵվţ㿴ңǰǰ󣬽ַھһѣһҵſڲվҪҼſվţһˮҲҵģʲôˣ 
ɫˣæͳС־ҵĲ˵ 
ˣ飬߰ɣ˼ҳˣС廹ҽԺأ 
ԴӼİɽׯջ٣ԶȥҹִڣѻѹһӵʹʱеʹǱȼըͻȻը޷ˡָǸŮӣŭ 
Ī֪֪ǹطſǸվģˮǺӣǸ㵹ˮģסģǷӣǴͩǣݣҪˮǲ⵹ 
Ůһ㵵üë 
Ӵͦ˳ͶһŤ°һ̧Ųæ˵ѾˣҪ⳪ﲻһ𣿼޳ŵŮóŵˮɼˮ𣬾ǸˡóšģҪȻôִʶأ 
㡭÷ǰ壬޲øȥܡ 
סĻĺ 
ˣҪƽˣǵ鷳Ѿˣ㻹˳ܣŽţĴ£ 
ҪˮǺ˯·ˤסڼøŶᱻ 
ﲻͣߡһ汻ߣﻹ˵ 
ôô鹣ôô鹡ֱǻƽȮۡ 
󣬺ȻǸŮ 
ιһ 
һĺ 
㵽ҪˮҲˣҲˣҲϵˡ㻹Ҫ 
ǸŮЦˣһĵķϡ 
治СֻʣΪʲôҪҵţΪʲô˵أˮõģûŪǬһеأҼѸ㻻ʲô£Ҳ˵˵ 
һＱæ̧ͷϣĹâеĽԺ󣬼е˵ 
λ㣬Ҹʲô£ǶԸɣջ󷹡ϴ¡˲衢ˮʲôʲôԡ 
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ԭҹôף˭Ҹǹ 
ɫһߡ 
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Ůֺ 
ٶվס 
ǻᳪ𣿡 
ʣͷ 
裿ᣡǻᳪ裡 
ŮµĿˣ 
˵滰أǾöˣһתߣһ飡¶𣡶æ 
ѾͷӦţ 
ǣ㣡 
ŵվţΪԼˣվǶ㡣Ůӻͷ£ 
ʲôϿ 
γѰ㣬æߡ 
תʼˡĹˣǡ¥Ůϰ壬棬˪ͩǣСٹˣҪʣΪ󣬻һȨƵڳǸˣӵдú֣ϰ塣Ҵ¥ǽģʵ֣ϰġͩйģĲ͹ݡԳԷԿϷԶǮһ굽ͷⶦʢǡǱġġڡͩǡһǳϵչңһǳǱ֣ҡ 
ãڡͩǡΣһ֪ϤĵطֻϪںͼİɽׯǲ֪ţˡǱĻġ 
˰յʱ䣬˽Ĺ¡չңչҵԽԽˡɫѽ̨һлױ䣬һƿ˽ȥ˽顢¶Ҳں档 
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鲻϶ԿЩţЩ̿֡ 
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һͷ 
ҵֲСλ㡱ǡʱҲǹ̨¥أҿģҶҽǽ㣬ǣͽҽɣ 
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ǣ㣡 
һŹŵϷװ˵ 
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һ۾ 
˵СʱԺҪȥݣ 
Ŀ飺 
ôң˷ҵۣ֬ʹһߣһΪǡƽأӣҲСȮֻˣ 
鱻̼ˣһͦ˵ 
УСʱǻ׼ʱȥݣ 
ʱĻްգżĺ 
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һʮߣźԹʦ˵ 
ϸҪʲô͸ʲô 
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ſߣߵſڣٿȻͷ˵ 
ǳúã˵õҽҩ䣬һԲӸֵܽסòءҾͲˣУǺȾƳԷĵطǱҳʲô족ɳģӵģ𣿡 
һ۾ͷ 
һˡ 
顢¶ѾææĴˮߴţ 
ϴ磡˵һһ˵Ƕûۿɻİ 
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ݣҪ̨ݣһݡûʲôŪôݣңϰʱ䶼ûУôݣＱ亹ֱðɫ࣬˵ 
ҿҪ赹ˣ 
һס˫ۣҡҡ۷ģ˵ 
ҽҩѣеطסõģ 
ǣǳʲôƶ𣿡 
룬۾һ 
ˣǵõһΣϷС̸ﳪȫЦˣǵǻѧһҼǵиӽСԻ 
ϣ¥ܺãá 
һ¥Ľ¥¥ǳĴǰиССϷ̨Ϸ̨֮⣬һľϯ 
Ǳʱ򣬸Цｻʮ֡еںȾƣҲһӣƾš 
顢¶ڿУ赹ˮϲϾơ 
СǴ¥ãԼʮˡ꣬йֽйȥæµӦŵ˵Ŀǡ 
ķװ񻨺һÿһ֮䡣 
̨ǰеһϣ֣ϰ塣һԶΪ֣ϰ屣רУͿšǸ൱ˡ۾Զ͸ʱļƾţĵȺ͡ 
ʦעߵ̨һ磬ʼ١ 
ûעԹԵ죬ȾƣȭǮ 
ȻӺ̨һ߿öĸѹסӡһŮĳţ 
ιúܳϣһ죺һιһι 
еĿ˶סˣҲԼͬĮ̇ϡ 
һԤڵЧ̫ˣɼ֣ϰ£ۿ֣ϰĸȫסˣֹͣǮ۾Ҳ̨ϡĿҲȵŴ۾ 
Сд˵ȻдȥȻͷ̨ϡ 
ŸˡŴװһֳ꣬ߡȣԡһһ泪 
һιһι 
ųҲǹװ࣬һŮӡڣҡһˮĴ۾ɬ 
һһŮİ࣬ɫˣľ̾ 
һһĳ 
ɶԻöԻһԶԵ﹡£ӡﳪ 
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ʲôѽﳪ 
Ǻɫѽ鳪 
ĥʲôۣﳪ 
ĥɫķۣ鳪 
ĥǰ׵ķѽﳪ 
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ǡš߲״ܡһӣ׷ 
ٶ׵׷վкá 
֣ϰȼˣͷ 
һˣֳôã̫бˣҲûһҪһ𣿡 
־ϲüЦ 
㣬˵ҲǸأҪҴŵȫͩңҲûһԽøҳǻﳪ裬ȫչҹɵĽһ񣡡 
չңôչйϵ֣ϰ循ʡ 
ҿͩǣҪҸչûϵģֻ֣ϰġú󡱣¥ˣ˵ 
ϣ 
   
ɶԻöԻһԶԵС£ֻǰˡ 
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ǰǳˣ 
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һߣӰһڣ̨ȥˡ 
һƬȻкУҲȥˡ 
ǷġεĹơ 
òʣ˷ܵȺЦĻŭš 
̨飬֣˴˿ű˴ˡ׵ͽкǾϲţ˵۾ҫŹ⻪֪ǣסĵطˣСҽҩˣ 
ϣͲ䷿ӸҽסӺƾɣϲǻǬһĺԺǴ¥ԱᡣС顢¶סͬһԺ˴ҲиӦһ䣬һС䣬мſͨվڷϲĪŽ˵ 
ôô˵ˣÿϸҳã˲ͳ춼ոǣȥҽԺչãǣҪÿϾͳףʱԼ£ 
鼱æ˵ 
ǻöӣҪʱԼԱ࣬һʧ 
ЦЦ飺 
ڣ񾭲һˮˣ 
ȻһЦ 
ллˮˮüΣĸԸ 
   
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ҵֵܽãŵĵط 
Ʒɻؼת۾ͰˣÿææȥҪӦĿˣҪį浣ֱ 
ȥ˽⡱չҵҵҪһе֪ƷɻˣǰʾãϯϡֱûʱԼ¡ڼиӰһֱ֣ԺﾭĸƶΪˣƶΪƮ֣ԼСƷɡ׸ΪǸŮŵٲ⣬ŰɣԴӼ쿪ʼ֪Ҹܵϣٻչң 
죬һϢ 
ҶˣҵļİɽׯѾүŻյˣ 
Ʒɴ󾪵ĿŰ 
ʲôŻ𣿡 
ǣСѾˣϣȥģұյһǬͷҲˡֵܽãᳪ裬㣬ӺȳĹֽ 
Ʒ̫ˣʵץϵޣٵ˵ 
ǿȥ飬ȫң 
ƷɴŰϵİɽׯʱͼܹܡҢŹˣİɽׯսĶϱڲԫ 
ƷɺͰ˷迴ˣ㵵һͿƷǽڵĶϱڲԫҲ㵵һͿ 
գʲô磬λүҵĹˣֽš 
ƷǰһٸС延ֵӡŻֺҸܣ֪η滷ӣ۽һƬͱһֱߵˣŭĶ裺 
ĹأΪҪأŻǵķӣճһڣǹͲ겻ɢֻ֣ȫҲ𣿡 
̴ŭź 
˵ʲôչˣʲôСáʧȫǸ⣬ֻ̰ͷ޹˭֪أ˵ͷҺ޹ϵʹУҢ֤ 
Ң߹˵ 
ģҶԺûһˣǣиСܽȥͷΪ˾Ǹӡ 
ҢĻû˵꣬һͷƿĶƷɺ 
ҸòŸͣûзŻûаα޹أͶȨˣЩΪҾϹᣬĸ㣡Ǹӱûʸ˵ûʸҵ£ 
ƷصĺţĶ 
֪Щ༫ˣŲһչҹɡţ˵㳣ӣϳרϰգƵ⸽е˼ңûһסȥҽǡҹɶӡҹɣʵķţ֪ʲôҹһְҹרԸʬͩǶչүۣΪõҫ 
豩ŭ 
ǲҹɣʲô£Щ֪ϰյĺ˵˵ֻ˲ںҸں 
Ʒ̧ͷҢ۹ʢʹ 
Ң㡢ҡ裬磬һģСʱǶкܶ룬൱ң뵱û뵽죬㲻ҲˣȻ裬Щ캦£̧ͷܹܣʹģ壬Ҳǣ 
ܹɫһ򣬰Ų˵ 
ҢЩ߳ŭˣҲǺ 
㲻ô˵Ǵûʲô캦£ǷծǵȻҪǮҪȻ￪ʲôǮׯ 
ԣӿڣΪԵˮͱȽǬҲǱչǮׯģߵˣֱģ 
Ʒɫࣺ 
ҿǳûˣͻȻߵǰ棬󺰣ֹֹͣͣҪŪˣ 
Ȼͣ 
׷־ŭĺ 
 
ƷɶԹǻ֣ţ 
ͳͳɢͳͳؼȥչƷɣǴҿˣ˵ģĿǰҪûУ 
֪ô 
   
һ£࣬߹ȥƷصһơ 
ʲôʸʩҲԹǻ֣ģ 
Ʒɺ 
躰 
Ǹûˡ 
壡Ʒɺһ 
ǣܹӦš 
ҵûн㣬չҵҵУֻҪϲͽҹܣ 
ǣǡеģеģܹܲܲͷ 
ƷɰȻһͷ 
ôȥҪأҽͻ˵ԣһЩˣ˭ٸһשһߣǺҹȥҲǼˡ 
ǣǣǡܹ૵˵ 
һץסƷɵ·У 
˵㲻Ʋ̵ģ˵㲻ںչҵҲƣмںǡգϼ㣿ͷԲ塣ҳ緹ʱ׿˵ġ 
Щ𣿿˵ƾû˵ 
쵰ÿ췢ˣ 
һпǸѧģƷ˵ 
޿̣һȭͶȥƷһĵڶȭֻ˹ʱԾɵĽסȭͷ̧ͷЦ 
ȰүòҪү֣˭˲ʣȥүý 
ܹæӦţ 
˵ǣ裬л˵ǧ֣ 
߷ߵĳ֣԰ҧгݵĴ 
ˣƷ߻ӣֶƷŭܣҪ˰𣿡ٵͷԼܹŭ𣺡˵ǡ᲻˵ģ 
һ𣬰ѼܹܡҢȫˡҢһüͷ 
ҵôһ㣡 
ҿԴƷɻֻƷɣûˣ˵Ѿˡ 
ܹܵŭɫ򣬲裬Թǻ˵ 
үķԸˣͳͳȥ첻ҪˣȵҪʱ֪ͨǣ 
Ӧţʰɢȥ 
辪ܹܣ߷ߵ£ 
İ 
ûа˭ܹ̣ŲɣΣչҵܹܣʮүǲڣүǲҸû˵˭򲻰˭Ȼִһȥʹү˵ 
ܹ˵꣬ߡҢһۣҲȥ 
ƷɴҴҵĻ˻ȭͷ޺޵˵ 
ãƣ 
˵꣬Ҳ׷żܹܺҢȥ 
˵ıӰͷƷɣ 
ǲӦøϻؼңڶүǰ棬ȥү̸̸ 
Ʒҡҡͷ 
ȥɣҵҵŮҪʲôһӵ̧𡰼İɽׯĺң˿֣ӦǸŲ˰ɣ 
Ʒ棬ʤȻһٻʰǸѾյһСöǰС延СöΪЦģ 
̾һ̧ͷ㲻˵⸽һնŵϷȥҷģҪҵֵܽã 
Ʒɺܿҵ˶үүͶ̣Ҳ֪˼İɽׯջ֮Ρûе飬ǻصͩǣֱʥҽԺǼӪһĴ󲡷ССĺС塣 
СڲϣͶͷɴǣѾָ˾ССģΧŲ˵˵ָֻţˡ 
ƷɺͰ첽ǰƷɿӣʤ 
ССģС壬ǵ𣿡Ʒʡ 
С۾һ˵Ĵ󺰣 
磡ӾĴ磡 
ҼǵãȻǵãСź 
Сĺ˷ܣ 
ô֪ 
   
òף˺þáƷӣǵҶ֪ˣ 
С֣ƷɵһƷƫͷȥС߷ɿ˵ 
С廹֪ѾǸˣҪ˵ 
Ʒһҡ濴 
ǵأôû 
ССľͬ˵ 
ڴ¥ 
¥Ǳӯţｻʱ 
ƷɺͰ˽Сһߴλһ˵ 
λԲֻԱСˣպϴպϣ⼸ʵ̫ˡ 
ƷɺͰһ¡ 
λҪȵ𣿡 
ƷɿһӵЦʣ 
һֱô𣿡 
ҽáСЦţƷɺͰλǵһ¥ǲҲ˵ˣֵģ̲סԵĲ򵥣ĺãֵöλһˡ 
Ʒش𣬽ԶԶ 
СнˮģϿк 
СæѲ˵һ 
λоһҪʲôȥȥͼҴҵˡ 
㵵ĿƷɣ 
ô£ȫͩǵˣ¥ˣ 
ƷɿϯĴҲһľ档 
ʦĺٳˣһѾҵʦߵ̨ǰԿһϹٶȹơʦʼ١ˣһСֶӡųƷɺͰĩǾ档 
ȾֶǮĿǶ̸̸ֹͣ죬ǮֹͣǮ 
ţϤɤţ 
ҵĸȺңͷϴͷϴơ 
һ߳ţһߴӺ̨źɫ廨£л̵Ŀӣһաͷϻ嶣ϱʩۣ֬һ̧ﲨէתֻ޾ 
ųȻװ磬ޱȡţ 
ű£ʲôͷϴʲôһѾඣ 
ǺȻкãǲ 
ƷɺͰĿɿڴ 
̨ϵ飬ѾϴӲ˾飬˽ѵ֪ʲôǱˣ֪ҪʲôˡĴ棬ഺټǷ츳ĺøһһͶ㣬һ̧һ΢ЦһһͣúȲʡ 
ʲŴͷУľӷᣬ컨̻䣬֬ˮĨЬҶΣߣѹѹ˵ҵİ¡ʩ񣺡ȥඣ 
ȥඣ 
Я֣۵״ϳ 
ҲǵƣҲǵƣҲǵҲǵƣ˷ȫǵơ 
ַֿ 
ƸոչǱһƣ۳ġ 
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ͷһͷһ죬ЦҲЦˣЦҷ޶ۣ 
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ų 
æҼæңҵĿûţͷЦʲô㾡ϹЩҵĻŵ 
øһ䣬׶ 
   
ƷɺͰҲεơ 
һƬ̨飬Կ˽ܣ 
һû 
˱ԻϡЪԴҼ˵ 
ҽ飬ѧǴ˼ҵŮΪѲųСҾǳúãͲҪС̨ǰСͣͣ¥лл棬ҹ 
˵꣬洺̨ 
֣ϰǰȥһֽ 
һʱ䣬öǰȥСһЩǮ 
ּ޹۵ơ 
ƷͳǮҲǮóȥһ 
Ȱ㲻ҪһͰ˼ҸˣСҲйأ̫Ϊоġ 
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Ʒ룬ͷ 
˵ 
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̨ϣҲˣ˿Ǯٱ˴˻һۡ 
ﾪ㵵һͷ۹Ʒɽ˸šʱһȻһȣȻľ 
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5



ˡ޹۵ơ˱̨ױ䡣һץס֣˷ܵĺ 
㿴𣿾Ȼһ־ǮСѣ 
ﲻԼļ˵ 
ҡʶ 
þȣԵҴһƷɣѼģˡ 
ʶôʶһˣʲôʱʶģôûиң 
ʵϣҲġ 
ﻰû˵꣬÷ţţŶ룬ǸװСѵӣ󣬺ȻƷɺͰ 
飡λ˵ʶģҪǣҾ͸Ǵˣ˵ţСӷڻױϣѯ۹⿴ 
æԽͷһЦ˵ 
Ҫ̫ã˻ǳһ֧أϢСʱ 
æͷһȥˡ 
ڣƷǧ֪Ӻ˵ 
ǵ𣿡죬ʡ 
ͷ۾ 
ǵã㡭ôôɣǵԷ𣿡 
صصǵģƷ̹׵˵ 
ŶӾˡô֪ 
죬ˮ֮Ҿһֱȥǣ֪ǺòãǣΪԼҲյͩǣöҪ죬ڣҴǵʱ򣬲֪ҳ£Ʒ˵۹ϿҡҵİɽׯȥҲ˶֪СˣȻȥʥҽԺССĺС壬֪裡 
ָжʣ 
ΪʲôҪµǣ 
Ʒûϵдһʣ˵ 
Ϊûа취һ죡ܹһԵݣˮ־ճ棬һֹѵĸооټϡҶǽӾȴˮһĻǼ̣ 
ƷɵĻֿϿҵ飬뵽ǸӣһԿƵʹ 
һգҲһУԶ޷ǵӣҺ룬죬Ǽ޷ӱܵġաֱǡˮȡϣϣİɽׯʧˣ 
ƷĶӣչϵѪȣڶ 
ҺñǸԲ𣡡 
Ŀ 
ΪʲôҪ˵ѾˮǶˣǸʲô 
Ʒһ㣬֪չҵĴүε˵ 
˵Ǽʧ£ķǳգǳѹҵѰ㣬μᣬһһ㣬£ֻҪϼġͶһˣҵı粻ᷢ 
һֱվԱߣģŵ飬ʵ̲סˡͼĲ˵ 
֪ϷЩʲô¡ǼҲǡʧ𡱣Ǳ˷һѻ𣬾ЩǻӲⳡѵģֻҪǸһղͩǵѻȥ˭ֹˣԣ㲻˵ǸˣҲ֪ϣҽЩʲôǣϵ£Ϊģ˵ţҧгǣһ죬ǻֻѪծ 
еŭ𣬺еĳޣʹƷɵ࣬͵ĳ鴤һ¡ 
飡㡭˵䣡ֹ˵ 
عѹסԼļƷǿһЦ 
Բ𣬴ҽ̸ˡϲİǰ¶ǵ¡İ𣿡ֺŵˣӿһɺøСǸôƺأ 
Ʒһô򵥵⣬ʹԥһ£ܿ˵ 
ҡҡգ 
̲סһֻۣû 
ԭʣաʲôأ 
աĽףҵֽĽףĽĽ׵İס 
   
΢Цӿڣ 
գ 
Ʒһ£˵ͷ 
ԣգ 
֣Ц˵ 
ǰƷһۣԽöҽܣ 
ǰҰͿˣҸǡүʮˣ 
ƷɸŽͣ 
ҵֵܣ֪ѣ 
ˣ 
Ҫ׼ϳޣ 
ͼæƷ˵ 
ԲҪ·ˣ̸ܸˡȻץǮƷǰһţջȥòã 
ƷѸһˣ 
ΪʲôѵҲΪǾһ⣿αأ 
ôСѣҾòãǽÿʳȻˣȻˣǻͽ㿴ǣǵĸͺˣ 
Ʒɼˣ 
㲻ҪҵһĿ˺òãҿѺòãѵ֮䣬ܻҾԲð㣬ֻΪһ£˻أһѹҲεģ 
룬̾ 
ǡҾˣǣԺҲҪˣ 
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ƷɺͰһߣͶüëգ۾ 
ŵһɡζͶɶԻöԻһԶԵ﹡£ӣһѿ 
һ죺 
ˣϿ컻·ɣ 
ǣ滹˵ſأӦš 
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ڶ죬һʳ鱧ˮҽԺչС塣һ߽Ǽ䡰ӪʹסˡֻСĲտҲҲʰǬǬ 
̻ĹˣҲССӰ˵һ 
Сأôˣ 
ССأȥˣ鼱æʸڵĲˣԲ㿴ҵǸ˵С 
컹ڣ첻ˣ 
ô᲻أûаԺǮҲûнɣô᲻ż 
ʱиʿ 
λﲻҪżǵѾᵽ¥ϵͷȲȥˣڶŲ¥תǣ 
龪㵵һ 
ͷȲ 
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СҲæű棺 
ǿﻹһŷʿ˵Сʱ򣬿˯ǾͲҹˤˣ 
СڴϣˬܺãҲżĲ죺 
ʿͼҮúó԰ 
Ҳźһ룡С˵ 
ҲǣС˵ 
Ķϣ濴̫ˣ 
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Ҳ¶˼Ľӿڣ 
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Сĺ 
ǲҪżˣСҽҩѣѾ˰Ǹˣ 
ʲôһ 
ѽٲ¾ǵġСĽ͡ 
Ľ״Ͱ磡СЦźһĳݡ 
ɵʣ 
Ҿáеˣ㵽׸ˮ첻ǵһμ棬Բԣ 
ʲôһиҷģˮŵһμ棬ʱ㲻Ա𣿸ڲϵ 
鲻ŵĿ 
ⲻ̫ˣһϵõˣᵽǵϢ¥ǳ裬ҽԺСᲡҽҩѣСȣǮˮԽԽɻ󣬶ҡͷƭңҲţ 
ģＱòˣҲ֪ô£ǣõġĲϵǣˮ죬һμ桭ϣŵڶμ 
һĲΪȻ 
ʵֻҪԼ֪ʲôνʵ㣬ǣ죬ѾĴ㡭 
ʲô㣿 
׼Լ粴Ժȥ˼ѾͷСţʲôԣ 
Żˣ 
˼˵ѾԼˣ㡭δ̫СˣǮСѣҾһֱҪ˻˼ҡ룬һί͹뵽ҪҽҩѣˣûмȥˣǲͶ·ҪȻԼöῴ㡭 
ԼԴϺݺݵһǣɥĺ 
ұ˵ҲǸ˼ôС㣿ֻŪôһ£ҽ׾ͺˣҾǸٵòײ֪࣬˵ԵģʵҶӡõòˣƯ˵˹ģѵȫôġǰԼҾҲֵãҡ 
һ㣬ٿĪ磬ˣ 
㿴㣡ҧҸǬҧҰԼˣ㡭ˡ 
Сæ嵽м 
㣬㣬ô˰Ǻ£ΪʲôҪأ 
СҲӿڣ 
ұ֤ǸմǸˣ 
Сһף 
ҹǺ˻ǻˣǺ˻ǻ˹ʲô£ȥҺŴҰСȥ 
˵꣬ʹ򿪷ţȥϣһͷײһϡ̧ͷһײ˲ǱˣȻһԩƷɡ 
ƷȻĿ۵ 
ôˣʲôˣ 
һ£ʱˣ 
㣡ΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪҽҩѣΪʲôС廻䣿Ϊʲô£ΪʲôҰٿĪ磿 
Ʒɾ㵵Ŀżѷɿܹ 
ᣬڸҷƢ͵˵Ҹ˵ҲжСòͷȲסҲǼ䡰Ӫȥڲҵ⣬С⣡ 
Ϊ֮᣺ 
㡭Ҫô죿 
ҶѾûˣֻҪҲûͺˣ̧ͷǸȻĿƷɣܣ֮仹Щᡭ 
ƷŽĻѾˡģֿʣ 
ǿɲԵ߹԰ߣ 
Ʒ£ȻʧˡѾɿİƣһ˵ 
ԣԣȻԣ 
ͺͿĸƷɣ˹԰ 
߽˹԰˶ĬߵߣվסˣƷɾҲվסˡ 
ӿȵķŰաҧҧͷˣ 
֪һǮҲںǮѾϰߵӻҺ׷ǹʣ˵ˣǸϵãҺҵĽǰһһεĻǮĻĿĵʲôøңȨ֮䣬һ˽⣡ 
Ʒɷǳȣţżˣ 
ΪʲôҪ˵ôԣҼȷʵǮǣҲӵܣӽˮһңǱж˽⵽ܵѺʹ࣬Ҹ£ΣΪһУӦһɣ 
һ 
û˵ֻ˵ҳеҲ֪Ҫ飡 
ûҪ㻹飬ɲ 
ҾУôûأǡʩˣȻ뵽ܶˣжôأ 
ʲôʩܶ˵̫ˣǣҶˣôҶҵΪֻ˵һԲ𣡡 
Ʒ˵óϿң𲻳ˡƷ룬˵ 
ǣЩ飬һȥһҪһ¡С᷿˵֪̫ˣӦǽõͬ⡣ǣСǸ󲡷ֲãֶ࣬ôССˣѾ޵ֿٴϣȾʲôԽסҽԺԽţͲ뵢ʱ䣬Ҳûйǵĸо˵ˣ 
ĽͣĻʧ˴롣ǣкܶоǲܲ˵ 
֪㶼Ǻ⣬ǣҵרϰ 
𣿡 
ǣĽ³ģҵǺСʱ򣬾˽⣬˻ţʳס⣬ϡԴҼҳԺҲ룬ϡ⣬ʵһָʳסƺȫҪǣѾٹ̣ҵѪҺһ˽һ𣬷ָˣߣҵıɣ 
ƷɱƪˣĽϣÿһ˶Сȡ̸СȡϿҵ˵ 
ҳϣҲӦţȷʵûпǵ̬ˣ롭˵öԣСҼǮһʱ䣬ҵְҵүʹ̫ϰǮȥƽܶ飡ǣңҲӡүȥֻǣϰѸġܲĺñǸ 
ﱻĳϿҸжˣŷԼͱˣһ෽Լˣƺ̫ˡͣҲŵˣ 
ʵҶ£ĴмġҺìܣһмһˡټϣܾġʸ񡱶ûУҾ͸ѹΪҲСסͷȲҲȼ 
   
Ʒ̺Ľӿڣ 
ôʱѡϡòãҵİòãһмٸǧɣҪǣٸ㣡Ҫÿ֮ǰԥˡСòã 
ǣҸϵ㣡Ҷȫ˽⣡ 
ƷһЩңؾĻش 
ҵ£˵Ǽĳӣ滹һܵܡ 
жŮ𣿡ʣʵϣʵǣ 
ŶƷɿӹһʹӳʹһ̹׵˵ڶʮ꣬ĸ֮飬ǰҴûмӳǣǵĸǳá˭֪һ֮ӳΪѲˣҲûסʱҶ顢ȫ˼һӡ 
û뵽ӭƷȻʹ۾ǸȻ˵ 
ԲҲʵġ 
ʣҲ㡣˵ӳ󣬼һֱҪΪң۶ǿҵĿȡȻҾüͥҵѹ̫ʹҲܺ棬Ҿӳ˼ͥ˽һֱûٻ顣ˮ죬֮󣬵һλؼҡ 
ϵƶɢˡ 
ҵ£˵ģϽΪѣʱ֤һˣòãĿǰҪųˣòãҵİòã 
ģѾȫˣ̧ͷգģʣ 
òã 
Ʒɱжˣ 
һһѧʣȵˣһһ˵ããã 
𣿡Щɣһ˵úСҶ̲ס̾Ϣھͺˣֹѧȣһظ飬вŻּңȰȰȻ˵ϪǸطáǵģǵáʧȥá 
Ʒ𺳼ˣһƬʹչϵѪȣϴõԼݣصסһ̾ռˣ 
֪ΪʲôûʶʶһԲҵġˣ 
̲ס΢΢һЦ 
Ʒɱ΢Ц 
Цʲô 
һֱڶ˵Բ𡱡˵Ҫ˵ˣ 
ƷĿתĶ 
ȷʵкöԲ𡱣òҪ˵ǲǱʾҵ³çѾԭˣ 
￴ʱ˿̣ʵ޷ʲôˣ΢Ц 
ƷۿǸ΢ЦӨ͸۾ҫ͵ˮɢڱ鲼ϡǸ΢Цôϸ壬ôŮԣôᣬôģЦˡʵţ룬롭Զס΢ЦʧչǷһã룬롭һã 
Ʒ£޷˽ġʵϣƷӣû˽Ū˼룬ҲŪĸ飬ŪĿģȤһСֻǣƷɴСһʣʳΪ߹󡱣ʣϲģҲġΪʣŻһһԭ뿪ʱܲ˼ǣڣԺѵ꣬Ʒɰġ߹󡱣ҲŪ 
ҾŪôҵʳꡢׯ¥ҪǮׯҲΪʲô㶼ҪҪϪǿأʡ 
ĶҪͰϪǿø裬ϲأƷɴݵʡ 
Ʒɣ 
֣һߵӰ٣ʲôҪһֺ࣬ʲôҪ㵽ô£ԽԽ˽ˣ 
Ʒ̾˿ 
Ҹ˵ʵһؼңԤס¾ߣҪǻǻҲģ 
š 
һֱû㣬꣬浽Щʲô 
ҺͼѣϺݰҳ磬һ־³𣿡 
û 
ҲûиСĽסգĽĽ׵İףƷ 
û˵Ҹϵһеģ 
Ʒֹ㲻ϵЩǰ־飬÷ǳڡ 
𣿡 
 
ô˼˵Ҷİţ⣬ˣǲǣЩ 
ࡣ 
ֱҪвң 
ƷɿŸףҲ˵ 
Ҳ˽㣬Ѿ裬ܹеҵԽԽô㻹ں߲ߣˣǼƽ𣿡 
˵ʵ̫ˣ 
Ʒɲ֣ȥķҡȻվ 
֪Ϫǿʱ䣬˵˼ʮϰգǰǨѣһҼҰߣ꣬еͶϪڣαظȥأ 
Ʒһʱ 
ǰ˵˼ʮϰգǷԼİļ԰ڵĹأй֡硱Ӧģôû赽ʲôʽЩס˺üϰգһߣôûУʹûУ֪ 
ƷһʣЩľˣ۾ 
ԣҿô˰ 
ƷɲŵĿŸף 
֪Ϊ㶼֪ 
ÿ֪ǣٻ˽һЩұϾһľͷˡҧҧʵҲҪ൱Σ֮Ϊֻʣһˣ⴦Ҳѧ㣬һ֮ˣͱôˣǰǸǿӲңӣȫĥˣ 
Ʒʮ𶯵Ŀûϵ׻˵һǳ޴𺳡ˣƬ̲ֻӡ 
Ƭ̺Ʒɿ˿ڣѾ˸飺 
ģһЩӣѾ˽̫飬ҴӦ㣬һŬڼסȥŬҵǣϪǿأһҪҴǼңȱǮȱΪ°ɣ 
ЩжЩǣȻŹ˼ɡ 
Ҫǿأ 
ǣҪǿأƷɼ˵ 
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ȻңͲҪʲô 
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һ£Ҫšоʱһ飬֪ԸԸ⿴һƷ˵ 
ʲô飿 
Ʒһ飬ݸͷһӡţ 
֮衷£мС֣Ľš 
һ̧ͷ 
ƷƮȻԶȥ 
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6



¥УһƬ֣Ǳӯţｻ˸߲ҵϣеĺȾƲȭеӣеƾšҲе֮ⲻھƣֻΪ 
ƷɺͰһ磬λӣѾǵİᣬԴ¥Ǿͳ˴¥ĳ͡˶ȫעĿ̨ϡ 
鳪˵һ׶ 
̨ǰУ֣ϰߡ˸ںȾ衣ˣǶ֣ϰ˵˵ЦЦˣƣкãƷͷ㣬¸߰ó꣬һλϰԽ˵ 
ǽùҺһ 
֣ϰ壬֣ϰͷǣ̨סҪµá 
кüλˣʶʶǣ 
ֻ˳ӵ̨֣ϰϡͶƵ˵ 
ҺȺȾƣ˵˵ָָλ˼һλ飡ָָԼߵλӡС꣡ 
Сæ꣬Ųǿ 
ǸɫԵĸϰ壬üЦĿǰľƱ 
ĳѾ˺öˣ뵽һ治򵥰 
ǰԼĹŮƵģ±ˣһ˵߽У飡¶𣡿 
顢¶ӦţƺƱ̷׷׵ 
ƷɺͰס 
ϰԼıӣ˵ 
ǬΪһǬ˱ӣǰıһֵˣǬǬ 
ҲȾƣżˡ 
вȾƵĵ¥ʲôطǾ¥˵¥ĹﲻȾ𣿲ҪЦˣǲҸĳ˵ӲأϰţžƱյȥǳĳ⣬뽻Ѱ 
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Ĳţ 
ͰȰ˵ 
һĿˣͩͷԺǽãҪ֧֣ϰ徴ƣܲȣͷϰ壺Ĳȣٺһ㣬Ȱ뱭ɣ 
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Һһòáһ¾Ʊ 
ϰŵĴЦ 
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һ˽ŴЦ 
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ϰɫ΢䣬֣ϰ弱æת徣 
˵Ȱ뱭ͺȰ뱭ɣ 
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̲סˣʱһѶȥıӣ˵ 
ҽĲȾƣҴǬͺģһںǬ˱ӡ 
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ƷɺͰעˣƷɵüͷţӶ˶ְס 
ͣҪȥǴú֣ϰ壬֪ͩһ仰չϣ֣ǱָңǱ֣ϰˣòҪᣡ 
Ʒ֪˵ֻԼǣ۹⣬벻ˡ 
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ӲȻŭҪЦȥԼСͣΪþգЦֽ˵ 
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ǽãֱû棬ҪȱƣôŤŤ󣬰ְţΣҴ¥Ŀȫ˲Źֱ֣ˣ 
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Ц͵Žö˵ 
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ſڣڣ豭ֱţ󾪣ۿܲʱһԾǬĽס˲豭 
δŭ鿪ھ 
ǷǰˣںҶΪǻᳪСҾͻǹɣʲôһ֦ӣǾ죿ҲԼգëѾͷʲôģ 
ֱֱͦű˵ 
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ҡҡҡ뵽⣬뵽ѣǿӲˡ 
㣬㣬˵ѽʡ 
   
ҧأ۾۾ðȴ𲻳 
վſڵƷɣʵڿȥˣͰ˽ 
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Ѹٵȥۣߵǰ˵ 
㣬֪һƬģǣǲǲ֪жʵΪȾƣҲûӦˣŪ߰㣡Ҳףոǰ棬þĻǽΧлл㣬㣡Ǽƽϣ뷹ǻҪԵģԺ󡭡 
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ƷɵĻû˵꣬Ѿŭȥָı 
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л˵л˵ 
һɰ 
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һԷԼȥȫŪˣ¡ھ֮࣬һЩɵˣƷɣʣ 
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ܲƷ 
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һߣ͵³һڳ 
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ƷɾͶԽö֣ص˵ 
һ飬ĲҪˣ 
   
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ƷɻҪ˵һ 
ȥɣ¸ҵͦűǣҲҪĽǮǵĸˣڰǣںǣ 
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ӭ۹⣬е˼Ȼˡ˾ĬĬĶţһα˴˵۹⣬޷ǧ 
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ñңԼߣȾȫѽ˵ţµأǰᵽסѽ 
ƷɺͰæŰСסԺʱþ߰³һȥƷɿǼªСݣȵ˵ 
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С壡С壡㿴ң 
С۹ⶨģ 
ССȫ͵ȥС塣 
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ҡС壬 
С壡û˵㻹ǰ 
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ˣǡԺǶˣһǲǣǡ᲻ٻ 
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С忴Сģֿ飬ﾹȻŰο 
ǡԺﲻһ˯ڵˣеˣǲǣ 
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Ʒʲô˼ΪǷּ𣿡 
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ҲֹͣҲֹͣ 
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ƷۼѾͺصıǰ 
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ƷɻصԼ䡣浾żĺ 
裬⿪·״ʲôطԺ󣬾үȥ˵ҲðţóԿ 
ͽƷɵ· 
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Ʒɻæ㿪 
û£û£ȥ⼸꣬ӵǰʵˡ 
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⣬ҵڻûѧᣡƷ˵ţ̧ۿ浣ĵʣθںòãϴû֥ûÿ춼ѽ 
У춢ҳԣԶУ浿лϲ˵Ҳ֣֮ǰҵĺܲãһҴû취żˣǣԴ֮Ҿһһã˷ϲ¾ˬû 
ӦЩģΪ˲ҪֻƢֵΣӲ 
ס 
֪ʵΪˣǣ㿴Ҳ׹ˣܹƽĴˣ㻹ûаԲԣ 
£ܹβҲûаƷɿ 
ٰ£һٲȫԳ꣡Цˡ 
ʲô 
˵㲻Ҫ 
˵ 
   
ΪңȢϱɣ 
Ʒһ̳ 
Ȼʲô˹Ʒ˵ 
үϴҪҰǸС 
Ʒɼæһָڴϣɫ 
꣡ 
ʶסڡȴ̲סҪЦֵĿŶˣ 
ʲôܣ𣿡 
ûûУֻǡʶһСһæƷɻæش 
˷׷ʣǼҵĹ 
ǼҵȾͱˣҲʶ𣿺꣡ 
ꣿһ 
̲סˣ 
˵ǸСиʮ꣬һʮ꣡ 
Ʒ 
ֱңûһƲòҪ˼룡 
浺עӣЦ⣬Ů˵ˡ 
ҲصڶȦӣһֻˣޣ𺡢ŭƴ翴ɫ֪ڡΣʱ̡ǣȴܲһ˲Сǰ 
˲ոȥãȺ˰ɣ 
һӣ˲˳ȥش飬һȫϣ˦֣ʹšʣ 
𣿡 
ͷ 
ҿú֡ 
ûʲôÿˣ󼱼һˡ 
ĺ 
 
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ǽߣҡͷ 
Ҳ 
ΪҪʲô 
Ҳ֪Ҫʲôǣ֪ң֪һûطҲ֪ΨһйĶ󡭡ԸԶһ㣡 
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Ϊǽϣû취𣿡 
֪ʱң֪޴ɶ㡭˵ 
ôǶʲôϣҵȺȻľ߲ȥ𣿡 
ͷԼ̺֣˵Ȼ᣺ 
Ҫҵԣֻ뿴ûУ 
Σ˹ȥ 
֣ű̵ĵطƵ˵ 
Ư֣ϸµƤǵ꣬ϱһǣҶûԹųԡ磬ͤǣװ׵֣ϸϸָָ׶Ѫһ̣ȫȥƷɳԣ 
˿ͷһﲻ 
ȻԼĴѹ˵ĵط 
һ嶼һ£ƺѹûкľΡſ֣˫ӣ۾ĵʣ 
ңʲôħ 
ͷĬȻ 
ңĺ֪֪ˣҲףΪʲôᱻշôĴָգͷȦһ㣿 
ҧأ˵ 
ȻǺģ 
ֵģùӳȵӳˣƾӳں㣡㣬ȴصĶΪʲôң 
תͷǣýģȫá 
˵֪ܲ˱˲ң 
Ѽ˵ 
ҰɣòãѾ޸ˣ㻹ʮΪ 
͵һ㣺 
ʮꣿȻ𣺡ˣֻ꣬ʮ꣡ѵãǵô 
һҧסĴɫ԰ףȼŶ⣬ʱ˿̵ʵǷǳġŪףΪʲôƷһ꣬ȻÿһȫǵвǸ֣кޣʧ䡭磬ȥɣȴҵģǣֱǿҡ 
类ţ̵ֻıΡ 
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7



ƷɺͰǸСԺĳ͡ССġС磬Ҳһĸ顣ԶˮһĻУƷɺͰֱӢԴʧȥ˸ףǸǷݿ飬һԶ㵹ƷɺͰϣֹݣҲǧټƵչӣ鿴жû˿Ļɣ˵ݺ 
죬ϱŹһаĺԺԺСƷɸ󣬰ֲڱЦ˽һĺ 
Сģ˵ҪҰѹͼж 
һССġСȫԺСС˷ܵòˣһֱʣ 
СԺҿúԶ 
   
СҲ³塣 
ҿɲҲԣ 
дϰģСĽš 
СҲȥ֣ 
ҲҪԣ 
æһڼУһ룬һùһ溰ţ 
Ҫæÿһ˶ԣˣз˺ȲҪ̫Զ˺ģӳ룡 
ҵһŶӣСĺ 
СŮ쳤ӿСĵ֣ţ 
ŵҪȣҪԽԽã׼Ҫ£׼ﲻҪ£һҪרġ 
ſڣ˹Цͷһͻͷ˵ 
չˣǷ裡Ǵ˼к͹л治٣ 
Ҳͷϲãȴںӣ˵ 
Сģһ쵽Ű书¸¾ҪȥѧУˣڻûģ 
ͻȻסЦ 
ѧһҪѧģСĺһûƬǹϵѪȻѧõŵʱ֪£ܱȸѧã 
㡣 
̸𣿡 
ǣǼΨһкӣʱʱ̿Ҳʱʱ̿ң 
￴żᶨ飬ϵѪ̸𡱣̸ףǣǿűģôǿҡֳ޽ССģǶԻǲأЩ󣬾ͳ 
ԺУСһֱòŹòˡ 
ֵûУǲֵˣ 
ƷߵдżУ԰Ц˵ 
С֣һԣ 
ͺĬ˵ 
ãС壡 
С˷ܵòˣСŹʹ 
ڣС֣ݡһС 
   
ƷɺȻУ 
ӴӴС壡䵽ʲôˣ 
ȫ쳤ӿ 
ʲôʲôСʡ 
ƷɾһСӡúյǸһģһƷɾ͹ȵĺ 
䵽һֻСӣãÿ죬ˣûˣ 
С۾ܺˣֱȥţ 
СöҵСö 
Ʒɲƭţ 
СöȻǸȫһǣһˣǸǽ㣬ã 
СץסСӿ˿þȫˣɿҡͷ 
ԭǸϴ裬ñȽǬˣҵСö˵ţСӣǵúģɱĺ㣡㣡ҵСöؼˣûĽ״һˣ 
סС塣 
˵˵ˤˣæ 
ǸСöѽ龪ĿСӡ 
վŵĿƷɡ 
ôģħ𣿡ʡ 
ƷС岻ע⣬͵͵˵ 
⵱Ȼԭһڼİɽׯķ棬ǸȱСӣؼҵ裬ģ 
̫ˣҲ̫жˣעƷɣ 
㡭Ȼ֪Сöеķ㡭ôģҼֱ֪л㡣 
Ʒһл 
Ҫлңֻϣһ죬˽ңҡ 
鿴ǣסС壬˵ 
С壡ǳȥ̫ⷿСˣˣ 
С˷ܵܵԺͬÿһչʾСö߹ȥЦҧ䣬һߴߴ 
УƷעӣ 
СȻԺк 
Ľ״磬ѧһҥҪ 
һС˵ 
ǣССġСͬ 
๫һﵽ˼ңӳæ£紵װ׵ͷĴõ廨հհգؼأȢɣ 
꣬ӴЦҲЦ 
Ʒתͷ׷죬۾Ʒ۹һӴǳĽë̴סǶˮ˫ͫ֡ﻹߡ飬ƷĶ鲻Խ֣ȥס֣վƷס׺յĲϼ 
һ쿪ʼƷɾͳܣˡ 
ȥԶĹأݸĸƷҲһȼ㣬Զ޵ķĹףôֿôרעǧҪԶ˵ϣʹܸӸжˡ 
Ҳȥ̽˶үү̡λ˼ҿСѾ˵ز£졣ܼ֪Ѿҵֱ˵ǡۡóǮҪǮʱ򣬶үүüЦĿƷ˵ 
˼ͰǻˣͶƷɴҾôǮʵڹⲻȥѽ 
ﾪ㵵ĿƷɣ 
ʲô£ûд뵽ģ 
ƷɶĿĬȻ 
ҲһȥҰͣŷݡǰģִᣬԷŵúøߡССС壬ѵ֣һš鲻ʼįҲżݣţ 
ţţǵļ̫ˣ 
ңңСĽС 
ңңСС 
ƮƮҶɱȥţ֪ģײһѣЦȫڲݵϣݶߣȥԽԽԶСͷŷݣŷݴУ 
ݣѽѽ 
顢ССȫЦһš 
ﱻĻжˣ̧ͷƷɣ˵ 
ҾãҼʧȥĻЦֶĻˣЩǵģǧټƵİǣǳ棬Ǳĺøм 
ƷЩвӿܣ޷ڣֻġĿ޲ðѼǧ£ȫһע˵ҵġ̵۹⣬飬ǸΣʹϧе¡ôӵ۹⣬ǧ˿ƣ϶룬ͰܵĲסˡ 
죬ǻصϪڣٲ棬ǵһҲ죬İɽׯˣԶˣܾ͸áɵΣﶼĻ䣬֪ϲǱ 
յĹâϪˮϣҫŵ⡣ 
ССġСߵϪˮȥ档ƷԶԶں档 
ɵΣ໰Ҫ顣СָֻţˮʱƷȡˮָָ˵˵ԽԽԶߵòӰˡ 
ˮߣʣƷɺ 
ƷɶĿյĹâȾü۵ףϹŲϼӳŲϼŲϼһõĲϼݲãԼҲΪ֪֮ˡ 
Զ޷ǣǵһһĻһǵãʱ㳪һ׸裬кöƶ˵ 
ĳ 
ƶΪˣƶΪƮƶԺδƶȥηעƷɣǲף 
ƷɶΪ֮ 
ǵġҺϲҪһ£ҡѿڶһһ֣СƷɡ 
ȫûǣǸʱÿ˶кбģϸ緢Ҳûκһ˿˿չ뵽һ̹ 
ôɣ֣ĺţ׿⣬ģ۾ȥ֪죬ڳ裬Ȼ˻Ȼһ̧ͷͿһƥͣǰ㶢ң·û뵽е񡭡ףʹԼˣһߣ˵ȥˡ 
Ʒ̫ˣҲ̫ˣǵһΣô̹׵¶顣ľķһֱʻȥˡ۹⣬ϣҲƲˣﰡӽԺĿģ⣡շתĵոչѾʧֻӿȵ飬ɶֹ͵͵ģѣ˵ 
㲻ףеעҪıһˡҺú¡һץס㡭 
Žë۹ˮƣûģ 
ôأѾץסˡץεˡ 
ƷҲ޷ԼУĴεӡĴˡ 
ϪˮౣΪ¡սϼ죬ΪǻŲʻ档ƷɵĻʱ˿̣ôãеİޣԶȥʲô룬ֻǵϵģһһͺ֣ĽףĽףĽף 
ƷɺĽչȻͬİÿ˷ܵΪǣʵЩż๫ٲ˵࣬¾Ҫɡ๫ˡ 
죬Сĵһѧ׼˺öණһ͵СԺ·ϣһֱƷɣȥ̲סʣ 
Ԥʲôʱ˼̹ѽ 
Ʒһʹࡣ 
Һüζ׼˵ȥˣҲ֪ˣǣëëģһ˵ڣʲôˣ 
ǣ㲻һֱƭȥǰûʶǵ˲࣬ǣڴҶ֪ˣ¥Ҳ̸ˣҲڴȥģ˸Ͳˣ 
Ʒɴ˸սȻ 
˵öԣһҪ˵ˣǣ֪ҵԺ󣬻᲻ʹ˲أע̫ˣе㺦£ 
ܵʵѽѵҪͿһӣûʹЩʲô𣿡 
ʹѽһŪȥˣ 
ΪȻҡҡͷ 
ðգҶΪ亹 
Ʒһҧ¶ģ 
ã˵˵ 
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ˣСģҸ׼һķıרѧõģСɣţ 
ȡСĵƷɰķıŽȥֽһֽڴ 
Сģһ죬ҸŪСڴװţѧУҶЩԵģûоͲã 
Ʒֹĵ˵ 
ǮأûǮȥͿڴ 
Сļæ˵ 
Ѿˣˣˣ 
ϸ̣ 
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Ҳǽܣҽ˵ţ룬ܲġɣȥѧУ̸߱һͷƷɿһۣʾҪ˵Ϳ족 
Ʒһɲǵ磬 
СĸŰˣһȺ͵СԺſڣֵ𣬺ӢԶƵġڣСĺͰת·ǣˡ 
Ʒɺ۹һӡƬ̣˵ 
ܺã䲻ȣҪҪҲȥأ 
Цţһƣ 
ȥɣңˣ𹼸˼ķıҲ𹼸̧ͷգôõ̫ 
ﱻƵһģƷɻæסһЦЦǲõģƷȴЩ㱡 
Ȼ˾ġɽɽиġͤ߸ߵɽϣԿƺɽĲԴ䡣 
ͤм͵䣬һ£˵ 
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ƷҪ˵Ļû˵Ⱦʹ 
¥ĹԲǳ֮ƣҪЩ㡣Ǹط߻ӣܹһ룬͸һ룡 
ǸǵľԴôأ 
Ʒһס֣յýġ 
չǣòã 
⣬Ѿ۹ˣҪˣɫһ 
ǰȻ㵽⣬ǣʱ㻹ֻͨѡֻ½ǳðԣҲҾκν顣ǣڲһˣڣˣҲԸһֱڴ¥裬ĵãһݰ 
רĵ۾񺣣ǡ 
Ʒһ˵ 
ǣĽҪǰһһЩһЩ¡롭㣡 
￴ƷͻȻʱһֲץסˣ֪ΪʲôȻúúºú£Ϳ־ʣ 
Ҫҵ£ѹ𣿡 
Ʒһ𣬶ﰡֹѹֻ»еĻЦģ𲻳飬ʹ 
֪ˣļͥǰɣĵʡ 
Ʒһеת 
֪ 
￴ֱ飬ӿ϶Լ뷨úܱ 
룬ô֪ܲأҽӲ̸ļͥĸĸżҲİȥԸǰ̸ļͥǷǳԵһ顣ԣ֪֮ 
ôʲô֪ˣ֪ҼǡǡƷɽŵĿ 
֪һеλǮƵļͥǹٻ֮ңͩǺܳļͥǸͥһң 
Ʒһ㣺 
ܣáܡ֣ô㻹ǲ֪㻹û֪ҵĳһٶҸɣҼȷʵͩǣȷʵǴļͥҺͥһֱǸģϣѾ൱˽⣬¡ 
Ʒס˿ڣȻͰһ§ø۽ȦҵĿ 
ȳʵĻشһ⣬㣬𣿡 
һ˲Ҳ˲Ŀֹţֱš 
ͻȻϽһĺţ 
ǵģǵģǵģǵģԡҪҵĻģ㲻Ҫ˵ڲҪΪھúҸңңչңĺҸеֱңҪ˵ĻѹҲҪѹˣԣ㲻Ҫ˵Ҫ˵ 
Ʒסˡ§ìܵһͿ 
⼸ǵġҲ޷ˣΪϣҲΪҼǿ㲻֪жķԴˮûз¹ӰӣҵйҲҪ룡ҵļͥ 
̧ͷҵĶŨơ 
һҪ˵˵ɣ 
Ʒ۾еȫˡ 
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֪Ʒɰһʲô˵ˡ 
Ʒڻؼҵ·ϣĬ 
ôң˵˻û˵ƷЩʡ 
ǻҿǵӣ֪ʲôû˵˵ˣﻹҾͲ㣬Ҫʲôʱ˵ 
㲻֪жѣƷ̾ 
һ¶ùϣôôأ 
ڲ֪鵽˻ųΪ̫¡ʧȥˣ 
̸鵽İŪˡڰûԽ顱֡ƷɣΪʵڵġǰһӳҪҸأҵĽչңʱ¶ġޡʹƷɲˡ 
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8



Ƽˡ 
һö죬ʲô˳ģ 
ôҲ벻ףΪʲôϪڵĵظƷɣѪһӼƻȫܹҲת棬æһû֪ܹı㣬˵Ϊֻ÷ΣȥܹܸһѾ棺۸磬ܶ缲ɫ粻֣ᡭҪΪģǸ㲻״ŻҪȴòѹԼһһӦͼҸӣŴӦȫЭҪãǣǸ磬 
죬ҪȥߵſڣͷޣǶĵĲʩһԵϺСǸľ㣬дǣæĲʩڴװġһǰȥ£ 
ޣ˵ٴˣãһŲţôַ˽̲סһۣеû𣿡 
̧ۿ裬Ȼߣصľ㣬૵ 
һһ磬һľһᣬͷǰȥȥĪɣ 
ΪѺȥ 
ʲô磬᲻ᣡߣ㻯ԵҲˣʲôȥȥȥ 
һ˳ȥһ߻˵ 
ӷ𣬺ڣ 
ŭĺ 
˭ڣҪˣ֪֪ 
бƳȥˡ軹Ƕ 
ޣעһŻҽ컹ƻҪȥĸСǮŪͷţʲô˼ 
ǣһϴ 
̲ס˵ 
һԵҲһ 
ôʲô¶һ쵽вһɺѧʵӣ˵Щ֮ĻֱҼϴͬžǻţΪǸǮ 
˺ˣҲ㣡ҲƷɣҴҾߡ 
迴ıӰֱһ׷ȥۡҺãҢûһס衣 
鷳ˣߣҪ㣡һ 
ʲô£ҪŪˣ 
Ū飿Ң˵Ľ䣬֪ƷЩʲô֪¥Ĺ𣿡 
迴ҢɫףҢѾץƷɵСˡ֪ģϸʼ裬˶ݽĪĿ 
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ĸˡ 
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鳶˵ 
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棬˾ͺϳ 
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ףкáƷɺͰҲ֣кáȫûע⵽¥ſڣµĿˣſڣ̨ϣ鶼ˣǲǱˣҢ 
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˷ܼˣ۾޷뿪̨ϣС͵Ļӻ֣ 
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п˵СϽȥк˲ˡ 
ƷлĻ飬𾪵òˣ 
𣿡 
ҴĽһҲ 
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ôõͷŮֱǲ˼飡ôƷϵһ 
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ȻƷɺͰˡ 
£ˣһĺëˣܣ̫˷ˣָţ 
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ǬǴ⣡ٱǬˣͶǸϰ壬ĵһЦǰȥǰ浽һӣƮһԴ׶죬ľǰߣĸĺи硭꣬˵ţ˰ɣһרų硱ҿɽˣǷϯͷ֣ϰ壬ʣǲǣ 
ǣ֣ϰЦţ£ϲĿٿѾͷֱһСô̵ģԽԽϵˣ 
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ĲɣһֱۿƷ 
Ͷ˵ 
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⣬Ӧţ 
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ڴҵĴЦУѾﵽƷɵϡ 
Ʒʹò֪βźá 
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ˣҺ飬ѾĵˣЩˣʵӦһףĹãֻҪװɵһ£ͻȥˣ 
ǣҲ㡰װɵҲ㡰족 
 
ǲҪ̸ˣòã̸ȥһĵġ 
ģƷһ 
ϴɽ̸ǸҲ˺֪ܶ࣬񣬶ڲԵ⣬һֱӱܡʱ룬Ķʲô֪ 
˵ȻһӰǵͷиģ˷ܵĽӿˣ 
㲻֪ʲôҶϤúܣ㲻֪£ȫ԰Ū 
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ƷɺͰҲ̧ͷ𶯵ĳ̶ȣСƷֱɫҰף 
裡㣿 
迴Լô𶯣̫ˡصƷɵļ磺 
ô񿴵һ㷴ӦҲ̫˰ɣĹôһ֣Ҳһֲֵ𣿡 
ֽصҡҡ׹ƺҪ赹ˡ 
ʶ˴ʶ૵˵ 
þ㵣žͻȻˣֽ˵ 
Ҿ˵أҵĹҲˣеǮʲô˶ȥ䵽չԭ־ȥ̧°֪ͣ˭̫Цˡ 
Ȼﶯ֣һԾ־סĲӡ 
סڣԶ˿ڣŭĺ 
㷴ҺôӣҪš 
Ңȥסĸۣţ 
ǹϰﲻƷɣȵүֵ֪Ϊ˳Ĺھ¥֣ΪүƫƷ𣿡 
ԽԽͿ۾ԽԽ 
ֵֵ 
ʱ¥ˣҶΧеĿʶ裬۷׷׵߸档ľ 
չҶүչϣȻҲ֣Ǳĵˣ 
ѱΪп־ƣϡƽˡƷɰڣԲ˿û̫⡣ʱչҶү֣иףǰըӣҲ룬ͷɿ˹һ裬۾ֱˡ 
ͬʱ֣ϰ塢㵵˹һۿԿ˶֣ͼ˵ 
ӴСֵܣҪϲܣҲóȥǴ¥ҵĳӣҵĿˣԺͲҪ¥Ĵˣ 
Ʋֻ÷֡ 
ţָŰ 
ȿȡҼţһ죬ôģԼŪһ̧ͷӴǶȼһӣӴⲻҶУСҪλȾƣþ 
Ʒ۾Žˣһʱ֮䣬ٿĪ硣־ּŭʹ棬˵ĳϣĿ 
ǳȥ˵ 
ﶯҲ˶ɵˡ 
ȥΪʲôҪȥòףܵܣȫһˣֱǼͥԲʲôҪȥ̸أһϹúýһ°ɣչ裬ˡָƷɣչƷֵܣǸ磬ǵܵܣסһܵ£ͬӵչӴҵ 
һ̾кüȥкһкţһͷ飺 
ǽ˰ɣ 
һƱ˹ȥ 
⧲ͷ̴ŭ־ץ飺 
ҹ 
鷴ܣһܣһھϣһ裬輱æѾŪһˮˮһ£谴಻סˣǰȥ׷һ· 
˶Ķ㣬еĽУһƬҡţ 
ô£˰ 
¥ıڳ˽ܿס衣 
̨ܽȥˡ 
￴ȥˣγѰ㣬վ̨ߡƷɻæסĺ 
Ǳ̸һ̸ 
վס̧ۿƷɡ۵׵ʹһǧѱУֱࡣеѪ޼˵ 
˼䣬ôħ 
Ʒɴ𣬱۹ˣеѡ 
˵꣬һת飬ɱ̨ȥˡ 
鱼ױ䣬ҵױ̨ϷңϵĶƵõһأ˲ŵĶÿһų룬һ䵹ܽʹվڷУ۾š־Ѿչֵܣɱ䣬ֻһƬңʹ裬ʵڹ˲ʲô 
ҲҪҵĶַȥ䣬һЩƽõĵǹء 
鿴еǹͼûһ˳֡תܣţ 
ȥң 
һγѣץסʣ 
ʲô 
ҵȥһɱۿȣңѵã´ټ֪ʲôʱȥɱҸչ˵ܵã˵꣬תܡ 
ľһѱס 
У㲻ȥ 
 
ſңһҪɱǧΣֻҪҾҪڣڴ¥ҵĻᣬֻҪһ̽࣬ͿԸ𡭡 
ˣּ飺ô࣬һ붼չйϵô֣ǽҲڴ¥ɱˣûлᣬһᶼûС 
ҪһԣҺôҪһԡ鰧󺰡 
һʹţ 
ˣѾˣչ˵ܵá 
һֹ̧ͣͷ 
˵ʲô 
ҲˣĲˡ 
ţ 
㲻Ҫһף㲻Ҳû˭ڵյʱӦҪչ˵ܵãȥҸ㣡ʸûУͷԲˣҵã£Ǹ˸ɸ˵ģˣſܡ 
ɿ׷ȥӱıס 
Ҳȥȥʲô˶ռˣ 
ھ壬һˡ﷭߰㣬ɢأڳȥĴ£ 
ǽڸʲô 
鴭ֱֱĿŽӲ˵ 
㣬ԲұȥǸ˵ɱҽҵĵãչˣĴ£ٱ 
ϡ 
գҪȥɱΪǰ׳գվǸȥɱ˼ߵˣ 
ס 
ߵˣͷŴ󺰣㣡ʲôѵ㲻뱨ѵչҶ飬Ҫܵһ𱣻𡭡 
һ˻ûɫҰס˵ 
㡭㡭ô˵ҡҡ 
ٿĪ磬̧ͷŷеӣȻ֮䣬һͷͶײȥ 
󾪣бһ˷ɴܹǰ档һͷײϣ֮ͣʹ˶ˤڵء 
һһѵƷɡ˽æƷɺ 
   
Ʒɱײͷۻεѡǹͼһ˵ʲô̧ۼ͸ӼҵĻͷ󺰣 
飬ȥõҲˣһһָɰɣ 
޿̣һ 
ǿɲֹͣˣôҵĵ̣Ǵ¥ҮҪɱҪŻҪ裬Լȥ֣֣ 
һ𣬽ˡ 
ƷɾǰһԽһҾ 
ǶԲ𣬽һʧҶḺҺǽ֮䣬кᣬ֪ɲǽһ£ 
ûлشͼһˡѼʹȼĿƷɣʣ 
ֻҪشһ䣬չգ 
Ʒҧҧձ۾ܲش 
Ҹ߹㣬һһֽƷɡ 
ĺ 
չƷɣԲԣ 
Ʒʹ˿ 
ǵģչƷɡǣƭΪҲòƭ㣬֪ЩԺʵڲҸ˭ɽϣѾҪ˵ˣֹңҲҪ˵ 
ﱯֱͷУ 
ҲҪ㣬Ҫ㣡 
󲽵ǰȥƷɺͰһȥ 
Բҹ£Ҳܶˣ㣬ҲչͩжҲʲô᲻ᣬ˵Ҫ㣬Ҫ㣬뿪Ǵ¥ 
ƷɻҪߣס˵ 
ҿ˵ʲôǶȥȻȥԼɣ 
ƷǣŭĿӣſڱڻţ֣ϰⲽһǰⲻ̸ʱ޿κΣ飬˫۰˵ĿãȻʧıˡ 
ƷɺͰһȥߵߣѽöˣһһӵס 
˵ϣΪǽҹϴţˣֳӣҶ֪ҵĴ¥᲻꣡ЩҲͲˣ֪Ļ˵֪жޣǣչҲƴƴǸͶ 
鼤һ̧ͷ 
ҸҲ 
񲣬ܱʲôʲôãҪ㣬мַܱɣҲˣ 
ҵ£ 
Ҫô죿 
ô죿ô죡Ƕչ˵ֻСϣָͷһ󣬾Ͱȫˣȥǣȥĵܵÿ԰ɣʺ󣺡ȰǣҪѱֹˣô򵥣 
ܵá۾飬ʹǿ־塣 
ҲëȻˡ 
ﲻһ仰𣿾ӱʮ겻ҪҲһʱѽ˵ 
ȥˣĿ 
ڣҪģǼСģǲǣǽҪи̣ôأԣȥɣúϢݣʱ͵ֵڣӣҪȥԲԣܵûҪ³Էǲǣ 
ˣ˴˿ű˴ˣ۹ﶼʢʹȻ˾ͼվϾڴܴ֮˵ĽŲĵġ 
ǿȥɣȥ롭ȥССС塭ʹ˵ҪСġ 
ǵģȥ롭ȥССС塭ظš 
ͱ˴˷ţŲǵߣһƬ̡̻ 
ǵıӰҲ 
СһƬͻҡ䷿ССС徯־棬˵ֽ˵մ粻ǺöչҵĴүǵĵˣǵĳˣԺҪ㿪ǣҪǡ۾ɵôģûöûܽʵ 
վĴǰŴ⣬ѱͿգͬһʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãƣ˹ 
˯ˣ 
ﲻҲ˵ 
ѾǣԺǸա쵰ӵԶԶģԲԸ˵ǣмٸҪʣһҲ𲻳ô˵أԭǴ˵ˣȻǵĴˣ 
ﻹǲ˵ 
ҿҪˣ˾ǰȴ޲ߣĻܵɱˣƭɫչңô˶񶾣ҧгݣսȭͷ 
˼ң۹ȻĿŴ⡣òˣ߹ȥץסһҡ 
ô˵ôģѽոڴ¥˵չҶ飬ȥײͷǣҲΪײͷͲ㣡㿴ң㻹ϲǸագչ쵰㻹ϲ𣿡 
ﱻҡˣ̧ͷ飬ʹ˵ 
ȻңôܡϲƭңŪңҺҺҺ޲ðķ⣡ɱҡҡ 
˵ȥͻȻ䣬һ˽黳ʹʧ߿ޱ˵ 
ô죿ô죿ҰѽĽסˮ߾ңҾʱңңչҡҰĶʹͻȻ䣬ҵĳˡôô 
ıҲˡĺ 
ǣǧҪŪѽûĽףֻչƷɣμ֣ữΪŮջɮһҪѹûĽףһӰһα񡭡֪֪𣿡 
ţ޵鳦ϣ 
ộչɱ˵˻֪ǻˣȥѽաա찡ÿ˯ÿΣļңĸĸˣǲҡļǡչҡˡ 
һıף𾪣顣 
ôһˣôĵչ軹ҪɶһٱڣѾ֪ðԼô죿尾ŵİޣҪ˺һƬһƬˣ 
ͷϣ޵û鴤 
ӵҲ׷׹䣬ʱ˿̣Ψͬһˡͬһ޵ʱƷȴڼܡ󡱡 
   
Ѿõɫͼӽı棬ɫ࣬Ʒɣܻʣ 
Ʒɣң˵ʵһ糾Ůӣÿ϶ڴ¥Ƶأ㻹˴ǮǸĹǲǣ 
Ʒ̧ͷѩףʹ˵ 
ô˵ģܺãȻѾ˵ôôӣҲع˼ֵ֮ˣ裬ŭڵıʣ㻹ûйյ˼ҵķӣ˼ҵĸףƵͶ·Ƶñ볪Ϊڣ㻹Ҫ̣˼ҵݶ𣿡 
豩ŭüë߳ŭĺ 
˵ЩʲôҵǲģרзͷóҪȻôһӾͳ˴¥̨ôҵô˵ͳǶѧģ㿴ǸɧǾϵ˼ҵĵ˼˵ 
ƷðĿ 
һĶûˣ˵ЩԶȻˣĻǻڣҹû˵ʱСһ㣡⵽Ӧģ 
豻ƷȻһЩ飬Ϊ飬ţ 
⡭ԼŮˣ㻹ŪʲôŻң㵱Сѽʲôѽѽѽ 
ģģһģ 
쵰һ첻㣬Ͳ 
мһ壬Ի 
ôһ£ҲҪֵܳܣˣƷɣʵңÿ϶ȥ 
Ʒɿٿ浣ӵˣͷ˵ 
ԣȥ˴¥ԣһĹһ㶼ʲôɸ˵ĵطǣҪŪﱾҸֵǣΪҪǵĵأŻǷӣǵĸףǱƵ¥ȥ裡һΪչҰ˼Һôңֲ 
Ҷɵˣ˶ƷɡǶڵӣһ˲Ҳ˲Ŀתͷ裺 
Ż𣿡 
輱ˣƷɱף 
˵£зŻǼԼʧ𡭡 
ô˵ʧϣȷʵֳƷɴʡ 
һ㣬˵ˣѸ첱Ӵֵ£ 
ֳôڶһҾ͸ˣһæȻأ 
ԶԶԣҼǵã˵˵Ʒۼæ˵ 
Ʒŭһۣ 
˵ĻһҲţ 
Ʒˣ 
ô˵أѵֻƷ˵Ļ㻰˵ľͲ㻰үӣҲ̫ƫ˰ɣ 
浺żƷɣ 
ΪʲôҪȥأøӣĹʲô㱣־벻𣿡 
Ʒ̧ͷһĿŸĸ 
ʽǣҲһŪ飬곡ϷˣҲᣬӳȥѾ꣬ǵһҶһﶯģֽСġϲҪȢ 
һըҾ˶۾ƷɣҲ⡣˿ɫˡ 
ӦΪҸˣ꣬Ҳ»Ʒɿ浡 
ƷŪˣˣ̲סЦ 
չҵŷ磬ԽԽඣ¥ĹҲҪˣʼˣ 
Ʒһ 
Ϳͬһ£һ£㲻ҪΪһ̸ 
Ҳˣʤţ 
ûƭɣÿȥ¥˵СѶһֺüԪڴ¥㼫ˣۿ¥£СһأҢҲģԲԣûҥɣ 
Ūͷתһӽ̫Ѷ̫𾪣ֱ޷Ӧˡ 
ƷɰȻĸ߰ͷһ˵ 
ҲҵĻ⣬ʵϣ֮磡Ŀǰ֮ͣ˼ҶչѺ֮˹ǣȢֻҵһԸ˼ңһӣЫħҪȢԸأ 
   
浺һһġЦ 
˵Щö 
Ʒ̧ͷʹѼ 
ҽѾƣûǵˣôңôңǣûһûһڣҶԵǣתͷָ裺Ϊʲôᱻ˳Ϊչҹɡϳӳţ˶캦£ʲôֶӶϪڴƬأΪʲô̸̸ħչҪԡҹɡΪ𣿡ͷȻ㲻ټװˣǣ 
Ʒ˵꣬ת̤߳䡣 
ţ𶯵ĿƷɵıӰ 
۹Ʒɣûҹɫ 
޺޵ĿƷɵıӰԼֺͿƷɵһңòˡһͷÿǳճյ۹⣬ƷɶȥǱҵնһʹ߰ˡƷɣһס磬طȥˡ 
һ䣬·Ьӣһƨĺ 
磡̴Ҫ˯ 
һﲻߵߣȥޱ̴ 
磡 
ߵȥ衣 
磡أô˵Ⱦ죿 
룬ҵߡȣݸ 
ߡȣһץס󣬽ϵǰ 
㲻ҩ𣿡 
ߡȣš 
ôʲôҳȥ𣿡 
Ϊȡ 
ȷڸӺҪһ㼼Ƕѧģ 
ֹͣӣ̧ͷ۹Ĭġ̱۹ˡ 
ʲô۹⣿ǸأʧסˣҿˣῪˣ˾Ȼ˷糾ŮӣҪ飡㣬ͷϲһģ硭һң 
Ȼñ۹⿴һﲻ 
ˣԤĬԸңվת۹ĶҶܺ棬֪ʱ˿̣ﵽôһָоʹ𣿺ֻҪ޸ңټְ꣬ͻˣ㻹ڵ˵Ȣˣǲ˵סˡһ𣺡˵Ҫĸо˵ѽĿĿˣҪҾ˵ŵ˵һҪƷģҵĳɹ֣λƲңǣһ·䣬䣬䣡Ϊõһûᣬ԰⵹˭֪׾٣Ťת˾棬ȵģ㡭ѧ裬һңһ⡣类һ͵ϡ̧ͷø˵ 
Ȣңһų壬ΪУȻ΢޷ʣʹ࣬ԣҲųж 
购˹ȥץһץһա˵ 
㻹ҪҶ֣һȥҵҸ磬Ҳʧȥʱʲôûˣ 
磬⼸仰ˡ˵ͻȻýƣĵ˴ＤűǵģԼǸңһ·䣡ӵƷɣƷɣǺǵҵãƷɶ飡Ʒʲô찡ʹͷƷġСҪӮҪչĿģǴչƷɣǣôأ 
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9



Ʒɳҹδߣ˼ǰǺޱȡ˽½أ﷭ڣ尾һҹһ껹Ҫ 
ûжãͺͰſڡ飬ҪȥţΪŭԲƷκλᡣת䴦ţŻᵥţʱٰϳɷ˵ȥ˵סﲻţСĻѧסСģȴһ½Σ㡣ƷѾ飬֪ȽǣĻ 
ȻûеȶãͿСĴҴææܡ 
ɿ˹ȥһסСĵ죬һֽСѾСķŽ 
ƷżסСĵĸۣţ 
Сģ£ǰ 
С̧ͷƷɣת³ 
Ҳ㽲Ĵ󻵵 
׽סСġ 
Сģ㿴ǣЩһһȥ棬һ˺ö飬Ǵ󻵵ô󻵵ҲˣԲԣ 
Сĺ˦˦ͷĽţ 
ҲҪ˵ҲҪƭչҵˣչǵķӣɱҵҼĳˡ 
Ʒץסʹҡҡ 
һкˣлˣһҲвͬѽ뿴ҶһûУûУ 
Сĸź 
ſңҲҪǣҽѧУȥˣһҪȥҴ㣡 
Ʒɴ󾪣 
ȥˣ 
СĶţ 
Ǳ㺦ģˣһ磬𴲣Ҳˣ˵Ǳ㺦ģȥǶ¶Ƕд¥ǶͳͳҹˣǲˡСڿ޵òˡ 
Ʒһ죬Ķ˵صס 
Сģ뿴û˵ʲô 
Ͷ㣬˵˴ҹֻһֱޣһֱޡ 
ƷǰͷײӵĲҾ 
ʲôʱģ˶ˣ 
˵ֻ˯һ£һ˯ŵʱߵġܰҹˡ 
Ʒɻɢˡ 
СģȻȥڸңԶһĵطȥңƷɺţæ򿪳ţС˳ӡ 
ǿߣƷɼٵĺ 
ȥǶңûУʡ 
ȥĹأ 
˸սƷһϼʻĸо˶Χýġһ֣ǰ۶ȥ 
˶ʮǵԶĹأ³ݣҰżţԶӵĹӳ£һƬѰûӰӡ˵ 
뿴ͩжʮûûгôߵôԶĵطҲͿˣһܣ 
Ʒɽͷȥ١סĶ˼ 
ô᲻أôĴôôѰ֮⣬˭Ȼһܣİɽׯ 
ûеһӣϳİɽׯ񱼡 
ûڼİɽׯ 
Ӱҹʼߣʱˣ˯ˡȥһļ⵶·ڴȻһλ꣬һֱߣһֱߣһֱߡǺڰҹɫǲϤĽҰУһ·壬ôߵİɽׯģԼҲסʱ̫ѾúܸߡһۿɽׯսĶϱڲԫԵģģ¶ڲ֮£ۣˡߵǰĿյϣգֱͦͦĹˡ 
ͷ죬ӭŲȴо˿ůֽţǱģ亹һֱӶϹ䡣һ·ĵ壬˺·Ūķ˿һ㲣ĵȷǶվĴ󺰣 
ҵŴӦ㣬һչ˵ܵãǣѾʹˣ㿴ЩӣееľңҪȥԲһιǰڣô޴Ѳ֣ŪԼôǱԭңûа취չ˵ܵˣҪһҪǣǴˣ˼ûãûУûС 
ƷɺͰ 
Ʒһۿڷǰ־ϲʹ԰˵ 
ȻȲҪҸ̸һ̸ 
ǣջᣬѵֻһˣæס 
Ʒ˳ֱĴţ 
 
ﱻ⺰ˣһͷͿƷֱ˶ 
Ʒɱǰ˹أһѱס絶ҵȥѹ֮⣬һôûУ 
һƷɣңҺˣƿĺ 
ҵ죡ҪˣΪʲôߵߵô󣬾ȻһصĲשӱһֽŲõȥĺҪңҪң 
Ʒվæ׷ǰȥӵϷ£ 
̣Լҹ߶ʮ·һûû˯Ҫɹ紵ҪԼ𣿡 
ƿҵĺˣ 
Ҫôҵ£ҪܣΪʲôŵңΪʲôҪңΪʲôΪʲô 
Ʒɴ 
Ϊϲ㣬ΪҪ㣬Ϊ벻㣬Ϊ޷ԼΪҪȢ㣡 
ֿЦ뺹֯ϡתգ 
ƭңƭת 
Ʒɼˣ 
ԭڸ˵л˵Ҳл˵Ҳͷ죬УҶģû˿⣿סҵݣǲǳڲѣǲǾΪңҺѵһʱ䣬ǲҼҪ࣬ߣ˵ڣһˣѽ 
ããƷɾ˷Ұżš 
ҡͷ۾ҫűߺŭ 
ҲҪ㣬ֻƭң㻹ƭҵħ߿߿ҪҡҺ㣡Һ㡭 
˵ˣƷɽڽڽơ 
侲һ㣬˵κλ㶼ȥ㲻ҽͣôأۿһܵȥŵĺҪˣһľͷҪˡ 
ͷѾ޿ˣʱŭģӻңĺ 
㲻ҪҪңûУҪҪҡ 
Ʒǰһ壬˵ 
ԲһҪǴͷ̸𡭡 
Ѹٵſ˫֣ȥ 
ٿȻ֮䣬ӿڴУҲ룬ֱ̹ȥţ 
ɱ㡭 
ƷȫûϵдһУӦѾֱ̽ȥ 
ﾪʧİγѪҲŷɽ 
Ʒס̧ͷ۾ŵĵ 
һеĵءײ԰۾ñƷɵĻҲĵƷɡ 
ԶԶۿİʱžԣϽ˱ǰһѪ뵶ŵûɢ 
찡Уһѷסҡҡ׹ƷɣĵʲôʲôһһĴ㣬Ҫɱ 
Ʒѹס˿ڣѪȪˮð˿ڣ۹ֻһ˲Ҳ˲Ķʹ㯡;㵡 
ͱһȻͱһ૵ʣеΪʲô㲻֪һ㣬ԣĵΪ˶ԸҶ׼ġһʹͷ亹ΪʲôѵԤѰ˶ϣҲʱϵǲԤһ֮ 
   
ﻹܻشۿѪһֱƷָӿһƬհףһƬʹʹ־ˣ£ 
ҲҪɱ㡭ҲҪɱ㡭ΪʲôҪҵĿô죿ô죿 
ŵĻңƷɴ󺰣 
ϳȥȥҴ򡭡 
Ʒһ£ϳ۹ȻĶԼ򵽵Ǹʵţ𶯵˵ 
ô˵Ҵ㰤һ 
߰ƷɣҪ˵ˣ 
Ʒĺˣ 
æҸĻû̸ꡭ 
󼱣Ȼ񺰣 
ϳɣ̸ȥûˣһҪѪ𣿡 
Ƕȫˡ 
ƷʱѾֲ֧סȻʲô˲ˣɱǶƷϣȻĺţ 
㲻ܶеѰѽ 
ƷɷŽԾأҲ˼磬ŲմıһƣٵĴ󺰣 
㣬ٸҳ£·˺취ѪֹסݳȥҽԺ 
ϼʻһ֡ţ 
ݣݡ 
ǰʻȥ 
￴λϣɫҰ׵Ʒɣ˺һʹšʱ˿̣ǲչǲĻˣɱˮ߾ʱ֧ˣˡɱĻҵѰҵһ·һţһæҵ˺·ȥͼס˿ڡǣѪֲӿȥѸȾˡû취òס˿ڣˮει䡣 
찡ô죿ô죿̼ĺ 
Ʒȥס֡ 
˵ҪȥǸ˿ˡкҪĻҪ㡭 
ȥס˿ڣ 
ǡû취ֹסѪô죿ô죿 
Ʒɽĺ˵ҪǸ˿ˣ˵ȻȰͻؼңȥ֮󣬲Ҫκ˵£סǣҲҪǱܡ˵ţ˿һʹ̲סá鷳㶮ҼҲͨͥǻСģ㶮𣿶𣿡 
ôýȥֻǵǸ˿ڣȾѪĲ꣬һ仰˵ 
˵Ʒ֣ҡҡһؼ֮ʲô˵ǧһͰסü֪ˡ 
ᣬǷ׹䣺 
ôѪôס 
Ʒɶ۾۵ףһƬᡣǸ᣺ 
ûкأֻһСˣȻҽԺһ¾ûˣġ㱣֤ûкأ죬ֿ㳪ˡ 
ۡһʧʹˡ 
Ʒս֣ʹޣĻҡ 
ޣҪӦһ£㣡 
ţ޷˵ 
ͷԾԲԡҿ죬㣬ҵģòãϣܵϣòãʧȥ㣬Ҫô죿ƷɵѾɰ 
ˣ޵ǰʹѾŪ˿ʹΪʹҲܼһӵĻҪ˵ԼųֲסιȥҪάԼѣִ˵ 
ӦҡӦң 
ú£ȥʱ˵ʲôġͷ 
ҡӦ㣡š 
³һڳ 
ҾͱȽϷˣ£˵һᣬ͡ҲǻˣͤҲһ㶼ˣǣҲҪ˵Ҳû˵Ĳǰƭ㡭 
￴ĲȫѪʪˣԼѪҺԼʧ 
ʻ˳ǣƷž񺰣 
 
ͷţ 
ٳһȥҽԺ 
ȥ 
ȻȥҽԺ 
ƷĽУ 
ҪҪң 
޿κΣֻðѳʻСԺſڡ 
ͣˣҵٿһƷɣת³᲻ã֣һʱ֮䣬֡ 
ͷעǧڣ飬ȫע 
˵ 
أ 
۾һգһ󴮵飬䡣µҽεʱ䣬ֻ³ȥ 
æݳȥˡ 
СԺֱһ־ϲ 
㵽ȥˣССĶȥˣҰСи飬ԤȥȻһѪۣʧɫУôˣˣ 
ﱼȥź 
ҵѪң 
־ɣܽȥ嵽ˮԱߣҨˮûͷûԵȥɴ۾ϽȥһǬ· 
ƬԺѾϴˣǬ·ڴϡϣһѪɫûСĵģ򵥵˵ľ 
ţ۾ţȫ޷š 
ͱһͻؼң 
ͷ 
һûΣգ 
ʹ 
Ҿúأǣһֱ˵أҲ֪ 
𺳣ǻң 
˵ȥİɽׯɱһɿ־Ȼ׽סһվĺˣˣһô죿˵һһ̫˽ˣ 
˭˵ʲôһѽûѽңԺҲˣʹ˼ʹ˵ 
룬飬ȥ 
չƷˣ᲻ץ㣿 
ﾪľսĺ 
㣬Ҫ˵֣ģġһ·ڸ˵־һֱܰǸᰲοҡôأᣡһᣡ 
鶨Ŀ 
Ȼͱһ㻹ǰ 
ģһ˿˿ıѣѳƬ 
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ǰǺޣǣҲûҪƽһֻС϶ɱġڣһȥɱˣҾãҺÿ£ôأ 
һ£ļ磺 
Ҫô𣬻ңҲһͱȥģҾúźΪʲôͱĲչأչˣ˭˵ӣӦãѹܵİɽׯȥһѵǵڤڤаȥ𣿡 
һս˵ 
ģģ 
ΪģƣңȻվ˵չƷɵΣչҲŹǵģ˵˶صȥҿȥҽһ°ɣ 
ǡǡ˵ҪǱܣҪκˣ˵ȥͻ鷳˵Ͱιȥü˷ˡ 
̧üë 
 
ﺬͷ 
ǣһأȥأ 
Ҿãǧټȥ 
һأ 
ᣬֶ 
ˣΪʲôһҪ˵أ᲻ 
黹Ҫ˵ʲôССĻˡһ˷ܵı 
㣡ȥˣǰͩǶұˣСȫȥˣЬӶˣС 
￴ãһ§סСʹĺ 
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡 
С̲ס棺 
ϣĽ״硭չ쵰Ү 
һ飬¡ 
Ȼ 
ȥСл 
һСˣͳﻳ˵ 
㣡㣡Ϊ͵һҪˣ 
Сһ仰ʹʲֹ뵽ѾʧȥˣҲʪۿ֣ܵǽ§סʤɪ˵ 
ңǱң 
СС̽§סӣս֣ 
ΣǽĿһ𣬲ڵôңվɹӣδķչ˵ҪģҲţǼˣ 
ᣬͷ§ŵãӵϣҵ֧סԼȴշתţ찡úûţ 
ƷɺͰصʱѾǻƻˡ˿ڷߣˣҽ˵ǱסԺƷɼֻؼңް취ֻðؼҡһ·ϣѾΡš 
ʻչͥԺһֱ˵ڶԺ䣬ŰѳͣһεĴ¡³ӣ򿪳ţСķסƷɡƷѻǬĳϵѪȫϴǬˡǣϾʧѪ̫࣬Ȼ֧ţȻվȣɫ԰סǼߡͷڰϣߵöᣬһûһĳƽ硰̨װɺƵӡ 
޺ͼҶæӭǰ޾ȵʣ 
ô£ 
æش 
ûû£ȶˣҷȥ˯һͺˣɱ𾪶ү̫̫ 
֪֪æ˵Ҫæ 
ˣһˣæȥæֹԼҶǻ֣Ҳȥ˶ˣְţ 
   
ǣ滳ɵ˿ 
Ʒɣ첽߽ȡѾͷӭǰҪ 
ȥȥȥոһŪһ˾ˣ˵ţƷɣʹҴҽ 
˭ûע⣬ԶԶģһô棬ǶɲĿǣ˶š 
ò׽˷䣬Ʒɾʧȥеһѱ˴ޱܵĸס 
ǻȥˣԶһֱӺԺ󣬶үֿ˵ˣƣټһͷ 
ƷǿЦЦ 
Ƕ˵ˣ˿ڳãû𣿡 
 
˵ģ˵ƫ磬ûˣ˵ʧѪ࣬һҪúϢ͵ڣҵȥЩȾѪ·һйϵûУ 
ϿȥǬһ㣬κκۼƷɻ˵ 
תҪߣ벻ġ 
Ұòã˳ҪÿһˣҾʵڲܣο㻹ҪҩϴʲôģҿŪڷܽ裬ǿ 
һ֪ͻᾪƷɺԥ 
ǣ㻹Ҫҩҩһ㲹ƷԲа 
Ʒֵ֧̾ڣѾͷۻˣʵû˼ˡ 
ðɣǣһҪ裬ұܡҪȻˡУѾͷǶҪ 
֪֪ͱˣ 
ˡ 
ƷɶʱйƤ̱۾ʲôûˡ 
һ죬ðսĹˣֱߣͷƷɵĲ԰ֵĿ¼ˣļˡʣ 
ƷɣƷɣ㵽ˣ㲻ƣ㡭 
ƷѾҪˣΪ裬Ķ 
裬ǧү̫̫֪Һÿʡһˮ 
嵽ǰ˫ֲĵһ裬ͱӶö졣شߣͷѱӴյߡƷ۾һ磬һӴϵıӣײ䵽ȥˡ 
硭ôˣ 
ҿţҲˣұŪôˣ 
Ʒ˵ 
ȥߣ֪ˣӸѹˣߣҪң㿴ģ͵ˡ 
綢Ʒɣּ¡Ȼ䣬ʲôܣһƿޱƷһܵľֻס˿ڣ缤֣ȾѪıǰڣεˣ 
ˣˡ 
Ʒɼˣͺ 
㣬ҪСҪСҪȫҶ𣿡 
ֶסԼ죬һͿ 
裡ǲǣ裬Ҫɱ㣬ǲǣǲǣ 
ǣǣƷּ˥ 
ʱͰææĽһ磬Ͱɵˡ 
عͻæȥ 
С㣬Ͽȥ˿м죬˵ˣүǸƢôŹ㣬ѽ 
ץſ򣬲ߡ 
ƷˣҪŪô¡ҪزأҲߡ 
Ʒʹ 
磬 
ܻشߣֿ˵ 
̹׸㣬ұܡ˺мӹϵûֱӹϵһǸҪȢĹ̫ӣû˵ð㡭Σܣ޷һ֪ˣǻġллˡ˵ţǿ֧ӣϿͷ 
ʹżæѹסƷɣ˵ 
ʡʡɣѾ˳ˣű𶯣̧ͷҾС㣡߰ɣ 
š˾޴𶯣ʹ˼ûˡ 
һ 
ȥ 
ģģĸŰȥˡ 
Ʒѵĵ۾һûˡ 
˼㱵Ĺ죬Ѿˡ 
չǶһϢûСƷɲ֪Ҳû֣Ҳûճݣǣ겻ᣬҲû취оվ̨ϣƷɿµλӣֱ絶ʡ죬ֻܳ¥̨ᡱվǶ߳ߵᡣ̾ 
䣬˺̨Խ֣ص˵ 
ǽ£Һ֣ϰϸ̸ˡǻ߲֪ͩǵһǿʳǮׯչңһǴú֣ңƽΪչϣ֣ǱҸģƽˮˮڣΪǽ֣ϰѾȥԺȫǣֻҪųȥչҾͲ㶯ˣ 
е㻳ɣ 
ҾǸչҹɡ첻£زµģ 
ҡҡͷ 
û첻£زµģοеиεεأ֮ҪǵľǣˣԺҲҲҵĳǣ 
һ㣺 
ʲô 
 
ҪҪҵĳأ᲻ᳪһ룬ˣõǹĳ̨ȥأǻ裬ֻаѳ˵ǰ棬ǾҹɣҴ¥ǣ 
һ 
ҶˣҴӦ㣬ԺԲڴ¥˼ͻǣ뿪˴¥ 
ѸٵĽӿڣ 
뿪˴¥Ҫ֣Ҫɱ˷ŻҶܲţֻǣǻᣬκǰģͩǺô 
һŭ˵ 
ΪСϰնģΪǮƵ˶ġ 
֪һͺãҪҲһ䣬һԩûط״չҿɲᣡһëٸŶܵ㣡üë˵ 
һ壬ȥһŰֽһѪɫûСףƷǧ̡Ҫؿƿǹǡ 
Ǹ¥κοȾƳԷҶܾܾοչҵأԣ´չҵˣǸ绹ǵܵܣСӦκ״вУ 
ֻõͷ 
ȻһЦ˵ 
ûˡ飬ĳ˵ʵҪһˣһҪɱԼûΣǲ㱾أ 
仰ȥˡҹο԰ˡòԼûΡǷʹҲȥοˡ 
ҹǳҹߵġվڴǰ棬Ŵҹգһһû£Ҳһһ 
֪ôˣôѪһأôסȫأǣڻûκζȥˡôһ᲻˵أһʹȥǣûнйһʹ찡ͷ絷Һ֪òã˭ܸңòã 
ϣ鷭һߣûŵһѡ 
 
 
͸ 
һҹû˯ֲ˯ǫ̂˯ɣҪúõ˯һ˯ˣӲŹã롭԰òֲ 
гࣺ 
ֻб𣿡 
鷳һޱ 
Ȼûп̸һ˼ˣתڻͷԲ壬ģ 
ס 
黰һڣǺĪ´ɿܹһٻĺ 
ҲҪ̼㣬ڴżѹɣѹɣҪȥǸˣһƤǰ 
һ飬շתĺţҺֻƤǰô죿ô죿 
------------------ 
 








10



ϣԺӵĴţСȥšһվŵĺȻǰСһŹϣѶסţһ粽ͽˡ 
ǲˣϿߣС 
ֻ˵仰˵Ҿߣ 
ܳһһ˵ 
ʲôûҪ˵ҲûҪ˵ʶһ㣬Լȥҿ㲻ǡԪסķϣʣߣ 
úõһαװͰͣʲôԪסԪס˵ڼﲻܶ˼ҿһסֶûãҡͷ˵ 
￴۾ֱˣҲôŭڣеĶŰٵʣ 
 
ǿɲԳȥ˵ 
ԣ˵ 
ＱİһƣĿ 
ȥ˵仰Ͼͻ 
ҡͷˮ 
ұֻ֤Ҫ˽һ״ֻȥһ 
˵꣬飬תŰܳȥ 
ӿڣҲסվסˣʣ 
ңôϲأ 
˵ 
ôأƫûˣôѪǶҲܶҿͿ군ˣϲ˼ˣ 
ˣɫұ䣬һҪεæסҡ 
ûУûУƭģΪ̫ˣҲ˵ģ룬Ŀ군һ𣿡 
￿ǽϣδɫ׵ֽӵҲֽ紵һͻϢʣ 
ǣǣǡ 
ӣ׽ŪˣɫģϿҵ˵ 
죬ʥҽԺ򣬷ʮ룬ڲѪˡǣʧѪ࣬˥ˣڼ̲ҩһѣԼҲ޲Ϻԣҩͳԣͺȣûô 
סᡣ 
ˣȥ𣿡 
Ѱû취ÿһˣʲô֪ˣҪæҩʲôģ費˵ڴүˡүǸү˷磬ᴫȾҪҪӽүȥ˿ޱǵýģҲʲôˣ 
ǡأҲû𣿡 
̫̫ˣүŲܴȾȾһҪæң飬ιȥˣ̫̫Լ岻ãû취һֱš˴ү˿ʹּϢһֱҪϷֵĵòˡڣ죬ѾһȦ 
ҲƲסԼ£æͳᡣᣬһԼԴһǣ 
ұүǧ̣ҪҸ㣬ʲôãһ㶼أʹҲûܣͿ´ˣҪ㲻Ҫż 
ˣˡ 
أүǳģ¶үȥ¥ǵ鷳˵ҪǧͣҪͻ͵ûóԿ 
ͷűӣ 
ãϣû 
һºҪﶼ֪ǽˣΪүү̫̫ҪȢ㣡ԣһʲô˴չ̸Уǿɱ𶯸λ𡭡˵ûܴκ£Ҫ֣ص˵ 
󾪡 
ʲô˼ҪȢҡǣҸҪ 
дһŸ㣬ǣűʣֶᷢҲûдɡ 
﷢䣬ʣ 
ʵңǲ˵úأ 
̾˵ 
ͱȥģأ 
ס죬ֹԼ޳ӣһ嶯˵ 
һ飡 
̧ۿ 
кö໰Ҫ˵кö໰ҪʣҼм䣬Ҳ֪ԸԸһ棿ҰĴȥĴܱû֪ 
Ｑһˣ̧ͷ˵ 
㵽װʲôˣԻվ㽲ô࣬ʵΪһʱʧ֣ͱһѹǣҽܸչҵѣ߽չҵĴţѾˣˣ 
˵꣬죬תܡ 
 
ﲻվסˡ 
㶼ûһ仰ҪҴ𣿡 
ͷȥǧذת޽ֱ֪֯Ӻ˵ĬΣ̧ͷ 
ҺǸĽףǣҺúǸչƷɣ˵꣬ͷܡ׷ 
ϰ˵㣬һ㣿֪үң˵дŸ㡣̫ףҲȥţ㲻Ҿˣ 
ͣͣͷһۡܰŮ֮飬ǣеǷǷΣǷʹȴĺˡ 
ԣص̲סƷɻɫ˵ 
ĲôҲ㱻ҹòװҲ˵䣬ʹȥˣ 
ƷɴӴ͵̫ǣ˿ڣʹֱ 
ʲô˵ʲô˵ʲô 
Ǹʵ̫ˣͬʱҲ̽һ£ﵽ׶ԣҾ͸ֻʣһˣϲˣͿˣ˭֪һ⻰۾һɣ˾ʹȥˡ˵ 
Ʒɼ´ 
㡭 
æ 
˵̫ˣʵϣǡһ㡱ʹȥˣ 
Ʒɰشϣ԰˵ 
ô£ڹۣ㻹ҪЦ 
Ʒɣɫģж̾˿ 
Ĳʹȥˣҷÿ졭ҾãһȻͱϣͱԼϣʹǡ 
ʲôƷɺü 
ǣչңǺ޵ҧгݡ˵һ仰Ҫ㣻ǸĽףǣúǸչƷɣ 
Ʒ𶯵ĿŰһ 
ŶҼˣܼһأ 
ڶһ磬ʵڹ˲᲻Ȳĵӿڡ 
һۿƷͣǶڳԱȥȴšǰȥεʣ 
ˡЩûУûдŸң 
ѳŴ򿪣 
ϳǵǰ湫԰ȥ˵ 
ҲҪһˡ 
Ա 
ϳɣҲẦģ 
ﻹϣи 
ϳɣ 
󾪣һϺȻƷɡﲻܺˣ۾ɵúô 
㡭ôˣ 
㲻ңֻˣƷһЦ 
һ߲죺 
ˣ˵ǷǼ㲻ɣû취ֻ˳Ҫٲϳ˳ɻ³Ѿ˿ھ¶ 
Ļû˵꣬Ѿȥˡһϳţһ˵ 
ݳǿ̸ϼʻ̤̤ǰȥ 
ɼ˳εźë̺Ʒ㲵εϣ۶ȥˣԵرĺڡȻЦɫȴѿˡ￴ô㲣ѾĶŤ黨һʳһš˳֧һǣ˿ڣʹҧ 
˹ȥסӣˮһӾͳۿ 
㲻Ҫžͺã 
Ʒ£ 
Ѿûпˡȥ֣òã 
ԼֳŲš˱۾䣺 
ôأ 
̧һֻȥᣬǸ˵ 
Բ𡣡 
ˣһţһ溰 
㻹Ҫ˵ѾͱһŪѹÿҪ㻹ڸ˵Բ𡱣ҲҪ˵Բ𡱣ҳܲġԲ𡱣 
úãҲ˵Բ㲻Ҫ˵òã 
ͳǱȥۡ 
ҲչƷɣҺһչ裬չҵӱȷʵĽסǲǻᰮңе 
᳦ˡ 
   
˵ЩʲôãġۡȫõģȫǲܵģʵƭңʵչƷɡҡȻôȻ棡չƷɰܣʱôͿĳУС֣ͣҪ³ֿƷһۣҲܸټˣ 
Ʒżȥ 
 
ҲҪĺ 
Ʒһεס˿ھһʹҧأվסĵĵϣŴŵĺ飬ӶϹ¡ʹס˿ڣʹ˵ 
Ļᱻ㺦 
۾ð亹ʹԼ 
㡭㡭ʹǲǣʡ 
Ϻúõ£ҾͱȽϲʹˣ 
ε棬£˫۽Ŀµ˵ 
ͣòãһֱȥǻ˿𣿡 
㲻ߣϸҺú̸Ҿͽаͣ 
Ͷˣһ 
Ҳߣ˵ 
һֱʻͩǵϪԭҰϻһӰûУˡǰŨΧ羰续Ͱѳͣ¡Ʒɷ³ӣһôȥţٰѳϵë̺ҲæΪë̺·档ԷģԶԶıܵһߣȥԲݡǣȴʱƮ˹ע˵жٳ 
ƷɱŴϥϣһ顣ݵУֿ˵ 
һֱҰⱾø㿴Ϊдòãе˿ˣҲ졣ǣ㲻ͬкܺõѧӵˣǰ¶ҵ㡭Ȿ飬Ҳһֱóڣû취ˣ 
ɵĵͷķӡţ֮Ľš 
Ľףһ𣬾ȵ̧ͷ 
ǵģĽסҵıգ׵İףĽˣȡ֡ԣ㿴Ҳȫƭ㣬Ľȷʵҵ֡ 
Ȿдģ 
   
ǵģûȥˣܶˣһЩ˽⣬֣ᷢչƷɣоģ 
飬ֿԽԽ㯡 
ԭһң 
ǧô˵һᱻô׾ͳɡҡأֻǺܰдѣҰеĶ֣滭д㣡 
һ 
ˣģƭúͿôȻŹʣε˵㲻չƷɣԲԣǼġǼҵݡ 
ԣչƷɣˣܷȷʵչĶӣͬĸĵܵܣʹҡͷ̹׵˵ƭˡ 
֣иӣĿͳȥ 
Ҿǲܽô˵Ҿǲܽ 
ץסҵĿ 
ҽû취㳤ƪ̸ҵ˼룬ҵĹҵʹ࣬ҵĳɳҵһѵĶΪ̫˥ˣұһ棬Ҫұòã 
£ע 
Ĳ֪ͨҪôźãŪһңһ뵽ĺãѹһ뵽Ļͺ޵Ŷ㲻ᱻҺҲŻᱻ㺦 
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ƪҺʹǣҲøˣΪÿֶ֤ϲҵģ㲻ϲģֻҵֶѣԸ⣬һͽĽףûйϵ 
һֻһ̣ΪһԺҲˣֵˡ 
 
ⲻ⣡һģˮԶһģ 
Ҳ룡Ҳ룡ҡͷ 
סͷҡͷе˵ 
Ҫҡͷ˵ 
Ҳ㣬һ㣬ͻж˵ƤǣԻɮ֡Ǳ仯Ľ׵չƷɡҲ㣡 
ô˵ҽ첻ȥˣ 
ҪҰƱ𣿡 
   
Ҫǻģ 
һƿվӣ˿ڣ׽סʱ˿̣˲ʹһ棬ѣǶ˵һӺûٷŹᣡ§͸ͷҵס 
Ĵȣôҵİô̵Ǹ⣬ô⣬ôʹĿΡ߽ˣԼһڻɽڵıɽܵĻտʲôûˣʲô˼붼ûˡֻ룬Ϊһ̣쳤ؾá 
ˮߣͷһĻο΢Цתͷȥ 
һ֮ȻѾʧ 
˿һ 
ҵĶ 
Ůమ쾭£ûʲôҪߵģο˰֮⣬ʲô˶ûУŵǣÿῴÿģͿ 
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һӦÿģǷģΪˡƭ㣬ģչҵĵܻܵļҡһɱ㲻ϲչƷɣϲǸĽףòã 
˵ôᣬģٶȱìܼѹƬ 
̫˵ҸͷͣҡҾ֪㣬һͻ᷸Ϳҡҡ 
ãȻʧ̧ͷʹĶˡٰһ 
Ұɣ 
УԲС 
ͻȻѾӺһ죬˼ˣʶˣʱ䣬޵ݡˣչҵĴүѽǹδԼȻͶĵĻҪϵĵĿĻң޴ñˣҲ룬һơƷɱʹ֧֣һѣҲվȣڵءʹñסӣֹ 
תͷҪܣ־ʹѣ˹Ҫ 
ԶԶһˣúñһôתۼײڵأɴܣ˹æƷɡ 
ô£һҪ𣿡 
ѾƷɣס죬תɱȥһ𣬻ͷһ׷ 
Ʒɿųţ 
ϳȥ 
һޣһܣ 
ҲĳҲĳ 
Ҹ飬ҲҪ𣿡ʡ 
һվסˣ 
㶪³ң 
ͣסڼʻ޿̵Ĵ󺰣 
ˣ˿Ѫˣ 
һ̡ʹż¡һӿͷٶȷߣ鲻Խ˳ 
Ʒţƣɫð׺ðף۾úںúڡǰʹ 
ҿ˿ˣ 
ͷȥť쿴˿ڡס֣յʹȻֽѹԼϡ 
ˣǸ˿ûѪѪ 
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ߵúÿ죬תۼ䣬ѾͣСԺſڡ 
飬ҵĲᣬҪ³ס֣÷ſ 
סϣһ㣡 
ˣżĺ㲻ǲǣһȥǲǣÿȥ˿ôأң˵ˣǲټˣ 
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ˣǰģ 
ҰģúڼҪĥˣòã 
̱ˣ 
ôҲҪҰģҪ˵Ժ󲻼ĻӦһȥúõһ룬죬ҲҲôŸң 
Ŀһۣÿɷ֣³ 
ûţĺԺĴţ͡һˣһŭͦſڡһɫƣĴһкͼݳȥ 
ĴУ 
һͲһȥ磬ҪǴ𣿡 
ţصİϡ׷ߣţ 
ȥˣʵң 
ͷԽԽɻԽԽ˵ 
ȥˣǲǣѵȥչң 
ûУôȥչأǡڳϣ 
ϣ㲻˵ˣ 
ˣǣʹңҡ 
͸ּˣˣûϢҿʲôˣ˳ɾǿƣǸСһ˿ڣ͸һ£ʹƭϵˣôܼܣô԰ɣ 
˵̫ƽˣ죬ۿ·ϵѪϴģǻм𣿡̲סƷɱ绤 
ССġС˳ 
㣡ǲһҪȫȥˣ 
С˹ס֡ 
һ𣿡 
ϣСŷ棺 
֮裬ĽšףĽףⲻĽ״𣿡 
СһСġС塢ȫͷȥ 
Ľף㣬Ľ𣿡Сʡ 
Ǳ飬棬档㵣 
ôһ£ 
ûϧĸƽ棬˵ 
д飬Ļһ֣Ľס 
Ȼ֮䱬ˣ 
գĻ治٣ֱһˣ˵֤ļø㿴֤ĽףչƷɣժǰĽףؼҾչƷɣ޿̣󺰣ôѹҪͿʲôʱ򣿳չҺ޹ϵҪȻǵĳˣǷӵħɱ֡ 
㲻˵֣ڳչ衭 
źţ 
㿴㣡ڿϣչ˶ˣһҮ޳ǣԵȭߣչҹ޹ǵĲӣɱ˷Żʱ̣Ҫռǵıˣ˵СӻܳյƤĿȫǡ 
Ҫ˵ˣҪ˵ˡֱסͷʹĽС 
ôܲ˵Ҳ˵ȫˣ鼤ҵĺһ죬չչҵĶϱչҹɵɩɩҪչŮǲնϽùϵҲҪ㣡뿪ңһܵã 
˵ʹģź 
˵Ҫ˵ҪҵҲһ棬ҡ 
һеڶ棬ڶе棡㲻óǳʧȥ㣡ǵĵˣ㶮 
óССġСȫɵˡС度£˵סƤȻһţۡһˡ 
ҪҪС庰š 
ͷСһף 
ڵص£˻Ҳ޲ˣ 
С֡ۡһ޵ø 
һ壬ۿ 
̫ˣС꣬һ㶼˼ĸоọ̀ 
Ų̣ΪǸƭӣҪҪȥ˽ᣡ㶼ûпĸ˵ĸоĸ˼ûһ˵ķȥĵҲûһ˵ķҪô룿ǲһǲǹûйͬĵͬĳ𡭡 
СĿ㳳òɿһ壬ţ 
ΪʲôҪԴӵ֮ǳҺҲˣҲҪˣȥԼ˸𣡡˵꣬תܡ 
֣һץסˣź 
˺ˣҵĴҲ͵͵ܳȥú棬ĳʶòòãǧã֪ˣҲˣˡǲҪ뿪ңҪҰɣ 
   
С˽ﻳ 
㣡㣬㲻ޡ㲻ޡСҭ˵ 
ӣͷСϣСᡣ 
СҲ䣺 
㣡 
ӣһԷθĺ 
صɣûҪ뿪㣬Ҫ뿪ѽ 
̧ͷ࿴ʲô˵ֵܽýӵţĵףһƬʹˣĽףǱ֮衷ѵĺţﻹи裬ҵֻеܵˣ졭졭졭ҶȥˣˣĽף 
ʵϣʶ죬ƷҲûȥڣΪû취ȥˡ 
ģ죬Ȼһ̽ӡƷɡ 
ʵԴƷɡƻؼҡšԲڴֲϳ飬ססܹܡɫһ˽ۡʱ辪һͿ 
˵ϴ˷Ǹ˴ܹҲˣ 
ǣ˵Ǹ״ֱ⣡룬ǹҲʣӲҪȥʥҽԺ֪ҽԺ˸Ҷ죬ȥһȻ˵ƵˣõǼ֣Ϊʿ˵һǰ˭ 
أҾͷǳעСû¾ȥǸͰǶǣϣƷɾȻˣСȥһңҵһȾѪıҢ˵ 
һƣڷȥ˷ܵòˣ 
д£ôأôã˭֣˱̫ˣûд˭ɵģҪȥݰӣ 
̫ͻȻһûʱ˭µ֣֤һ£ҲгңңǧټƲҪү֪ûˣҲ£˵椶йأھ¥ϷӣԴ׵£㹦ߣ˿ܸߣ 
̫ˣ˲ʻؼҲ˵һ£һ򵥣֪𣿡 
ʿ˵ܹܱ 
   
ץֲ֧ 
Ҫ󾵣Ҫ͵һȥʺ 
ҵһԸת䡱óϿҵ˵ 
ҪϴҾãԴƷɻҾͱ⣬̫ˣ˺ܶҲʧǶԲ𣡡 
漫ˣֱԼĶ䣺 
ôȻҽЩ㲻ǾԼû𣿡 
ڹϣҶûǿ˵Ҿûȥ˼Ҽɱ˷ŻһⶼƷ꾫ģƷɱԵʧȥԣ˵ʲôûáǣңҢȥģҪջҲģæȻҲģǱϾŵڣТң룬һôûˮ׼ôͼ𣿡 
˵ˣʶǱʶԸĻ 
ôΪʲôҪϴأ 
Ҵ̬̫Ʒɣÿһ֣ʵЩĪ֪һֱƷɣʵüɲ̬ˣ⣬ʵɵģСҾ;ȽȽһֱڸ裬ѵ֪ôĸоҪǰֻ֣ҪоϲƷɣҾͱˣ 
жˣ˵ȫǷθ֮ԣЩǸȻ 
ʵŪˣһģһģ 
һģһģ飬ʱҲ飬Ƣֱ꣬û㡣ҽҪҵ̬̹׵ĸ㣡һᷢƢһëë꣬һƷɶ֣һڳԣΪҺԱ 
ѵã˵һƪҾˡʵ㲻ҪԱҾûС㣡ֻΪ̫꣬ҲŻ˵жˡ 
ԺҶģҸǸ֮һҪȥƷɵǸ첡úᣬ˵á˵ţ̧ۿһȥƷɰɣǸ˷硱أ 
ôжôοܹΪѣΪֵܣ򸴺ǣͽƷɵҡ 
һˣһæſڶ󺰣 
үүͶүˣ 
԰ġšЦЦúܹ죬æ߽䡣 
ƷΪϺһ棬Ūᣬ˿ʹڻšԱߣŮ˶ļˡ 
ƷĺУ˾۾Ѿ߽浼æӭǰȥ 
ôˣ 
̽ӿڣ 
үͶүɣĴȾͱܵڴǰ档 
ƿ裺 
˵ʲôԼֵܣʲôȾֱߣƷɣƷɣôһС˷Ͱƽˣ 
ƷɼæӴǿЦЦ 
˵̫һСͿ԰ڵ 
ŵ߼һüͷ 
һȥ 
ֻÿ 
Ʒɣüͷøˣ 
ôɫĲáżǲǻбĲôͦصӣ 
ҽȥƷɺúһ£˵ 
浲Ҳĵ˵ 
һֱ˵Ҫǲϣ 
Ʒɴ󼱣ƿޱ´ 
ûʲôǧҪѾȥˣϢ죬ûˡǵ 
ƷҪʾԼûʲôȥ־ȥ 
ҿ߶߲Ҫǿҷ㣡 
һ֣ͼæƿǰȥ˭֪̫ͣһӣæһͿŭĺ 
 
ʯ֮䣬ѱԴң˵ߣѸٵϥǣƷɵ˴ײȥ 
Ʒһ£ʹķΣڵأһֻϺӡ̲סУ 
Ӵ 
輱æס˴ֺݺݵһ󡣹ʣ 
ôˣͻȻǶʹ𣿡һ 
ƷҧסʹɫҰף¡ 
һŭʲô˲ˣ˹ײ裬֮ͣʹˤڵءֱƷɣæţ 
㷢ʲô񾭲ҽһ⣬ҪƷɽͣôԴأƣⰢһֻ蹷һҴܣҲײҲײʲô 
ûеСֻ켫ˣ̧ͷŭӰ 
ˣһԣ 
ŵķסƷһߣľսʣ 
үˣ 
ƷסΡΡĻվֱġһ£ѪӰ׹߳һƬȻڣæסƷɷϴ 
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ֱ֪æһϽȥ浣 
̫̫̫̫̫̫ 
Ʒɣһ𾪣Ͳ˼飺 
ˣΪʲô˲˵˭㣿ҿҿ 
߹ȥƷɵ·ˣ޷ΣֻǣƷܲŵıȫ¶ѪѸٵĽȾ졣Ŵˣţ 
Ʒɣǡô° 
ƷѾʹͷۻԼǣʺѪ⣬ʲôεûˣڴϣ˵ 
ҲҪҪ 
ʧɫֱŲӺ 
ѽѽ򰡣 
ҲֱŲӴУ 
ޣҢģ򣬿򰡡 
ƷɵʶڻɢʣΨһͷҵϷݲȥˣʧˣô죿˭㣿˭չ㣿˹ȥʲôʶûˡ 
һ꣮ڶǧǧ 
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11



ţչһæҡԺ䣬ƻͨ 
˺üϢƷɡѾͷë衢ˮҩ롭ͣĳˡƷۡҢܹܶ½Ʒɷ䣬ʾСһƬæµ֮Уֻһʼû߽Ʒɵķ䣬Ǿ硣עλ꣬¶ڳȵľͷŵĿЩæµȺȴѯһң 
ɷУˡѾѹˣڣղתĿƷɣҲ뿪Ʒʼջһ£ֻ˯ȥǸİҩҩϻϣ浡Ʒܹۡܡ衢ҢΧȥȻĻĵĳ̶һġ 
𣿴򣿡ܼʡ 
ǳȥ˵ 
߳ƷܹۡܡҢ趼˳ȥվſ˵ 
˿ѾӦòѿѿˣͲãѾýҩˣϣѪڣҪһҩϿȥץҩ˵ 
죡ȥ鷿ҩ˵ 
һȺ鷿ߣ׷˹ 
ҩøңȥץҩ 
Ŵүɣҿ벻㣡ץҩҢȥץͺˣ˵ 
ڶ 
Ңȥֻ´үҪ 
һ壬ŭɰ˵ 
˵ʲôҢʲôʱ£һ쵽ŴүôˣһŲ 
Ҳ׷ˣЩףϣ 
ȥȥҩ 
浸Ŵˣŷĵ˻ط䡣żߵǰ 
ƷʹһŬľ۾ЩˡѾͷΧڴǰĲȵĻȡ迴ۣͼæ֣Ѿͷǳȥ 
ȥȥȥ̺ͺˣ 
ѾͷȾѪë˳ȥ 
غŴͰΧǰĺţ 
ү˶ˣֻҺͰô 
ƷѼĿŰ裬ĻָʶʶһģǶǣҡ˵ 
ҡһչ 
ͰúᣬۿʪˡƷɻһ˿ʹģһûУ뵽Σҧ 
裬úݣұϾĸ磬ȴأ 
޼ǣҲˣ 
ǣôй¶ȥأôСģ̫̫ȥˣ 
ֻǡС㣡ֻС֪˵ 
Ʒ׷˭й¶ܣö໰Ҫ˰ǿ˵ 
ãҲ֪赽˽٣ǣҵ˿ʲôط֪ʵںú£֪ڵǰ˵Щʲô֪ǶûΣգڣһĲȥˣҪ취 
úõɣڲκ¶ûáǶһʱȥģİɣڣҪĵ㣬ﰡ˵ 
һ죬סڡ 
浼ææ߽ҩУ 
Ͽȥץҩ 
ҩҴҵ˵ 
ˣǧöүţץҩͻ 
󣬿첽ȥߵԺȻиӰܳɿסһ̵̬硣 
ˣеʡ 
Ѿ϶ܣߣ˵ 
С㣬úݰ˶үǲǣװˣȥүȴ˿ײѣѪֹһѾȥһˣ㻹ʲô 
۾Ķˡȵϣһƨɵ 
Ҳͷȥˡ 
浿ƷˣǸˡˡǽǡɻǰ£ʹĿ 
ƷɣҪﰡ 
Բ𡭡Ʒ˥˵ 
˭ôݣһ 
㲻ʣһøм 
ۿһ죺 
ΪǸǲǣΪˣǲǣ 
Ʒɱ۾ĬȻһ 
ΪʲôɢˣΪʲôҪԼˣ 
Ʒһʹͣһ̾ 
ҵˣҾһʱһ㣬òãǣҪ˵ɢˡֻҲһСˣʹΪˣҲڣ 
סǲ԰ɫ޷˵ļݽ޴ʲô˵ˡ 
浶ƷɵˣһӵɻĵĿ־塣Ҳ¾ˣ뵽ȻҪƷأ;áľս˼顱鷿Ŀżܹܺ裬ʼǣû֪鲻 
   
ô£˭Ҫɱ֪ǲ֪ 
ܹüͷ˵ 
ʵڲ֪ô˵ġֻǡ˵ƷΪѾºܶˣˣҲ£˳Դ׵Ľ˵Ʒţ䰢Ѿ֪Լ˭ĵزչҵƣ˴ܡǰ˵үϴ˵ǮׯƷɹܣҾȰѻͷֵǮׯܣǰһʣѾһǧ飡 
𣿡ˣҾƷɲ 
ǰҲᣡǣλıһˣûУǰǸʲôҪǰӳĵףڻȥ¥ǰԱڻ˴ܻҲʡҾе㲻ԣһ㶼𣿡ܹ˵ 
˿ڣ 
֮ǸʵǧټҪסҲһʵҾ֣ôˣȻһʲô 
ҡˣԽԽɡ 
⣡⣡̧ͷܹܣô˵ģֵ˼ֱûչҷҳ˭˵ķŹ 
˭ɵģһ֪˵ 
ǣ˵ģô˵ģܹ˵ҢԿһۡһ𣿰˵ 
ץҩһ·ɿܻؼҡ˼ſڵȻһӰȻĴܳһӣصĴĺϡҲûߣ˹ȥ 
һһͰˮϣ˹һԼѾ廨ڿСֽŷֿţһΣҲˣٶһ衢ҢܹΧתÿ˶ɱڵģһޣۣͶһޱ޻¡ţ 
û뵽ɣҲһ죡ƽң㶼Ҷ֣øʣΪƷɰҾͲҶڣһ˲èһ㻹ôſ񣡡 
֪Լ˰㣬ѡܣֻѷƾɼҾߣ֪չҷĲֿ⣬Ҳ˽׶༪ˡһ㣬Ҳͻȥˣ˲һƤ£Ƥֻ۾ŭ裬һҲԡ 
   
ܹǰһվ˵ 
ʶһ㣬úûشǵĻٰޣʣ˵Ʒ˵ģ 
һ׹ԭǲ֪˭ƷɣһϲЦ 
 
ŭɶ 
Ц㻹ЦҴЦ˵Ʒ˵ģ˭֣˵ӣһޱ޳˹ 
ͷһ̧裬˵ 
һ𣿡 
˵˵ͷ㻹ҪӲ˵ǲ˵㲻˵ҽʹ㣡 
ǿĺţ 
Դң԰ңȥɱ˷ŻԶ¶֣ʲôͷҢ󺰣Ңңû뵽˭㣿 
㻹ҺҢҴ㣡㣡㡭ŭԽԽ͡ 
ͷЦ 
ΪǸү棡 
˵ʲô˵ʲô 
Сһ䣬ڣ㲻ܸҵֻðģʲôӢۺúһ棡 
ҢһѵҪɱūţ󺰡 
ɱֵ𣿾ҪɱҲҪ㶯֣ܹ˵ 
ǰƽǷһҪȻʮҲɱģҢӿڡ 
У 
ܹܣҢҪˣҲūŰ֮ͬģһҵֵܵӣһǵɵϵӡˡŭ裺ʲ壬һİֵΪ𣿡 
Ҵ㣡㣡㡭󺰣޺Ļ˹ 
ҧţһѾȫˣٺ趷ˡ 
裡ٴͻʹȥˣǻǰصɣҢ˭ƷɹҲʵģ˵ 
̧ͷҢһЦ 
Ѿˣģǲ𣿡 
Ѿͣޣһŭֻ˹ȥ 
ܹܵŰԸֹ衣 
ˣҲˣҿٴҲûãһ˵ģǰ죬ֶ֧ã 
ȷʵѾˣޣĶ԰ȭͷ 
룡ҵʱ䳤úܣ벻к죬벻д죡жð 
ܹܡҢһˡĴһˡ 
ƣĴͷȥʹüʧȥ֪ˡ 
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãľָһЩ̧ͷ濴˿ֿ䳱ʪǽǵĻѣһѹյҲҡһ£ʼ˼İ취ֽϵӰεģ 
ô죿үἱˣ̫̫֪᲻취ңǣǸ֪ѽҩҲˣүûҩԣ᲻ȥһĪչ 
ȻԿ죬ţصűƿ 
һݣϸֻһϸӰһ˽һϸԭ硣 
С㣿־ϲ 
һ̧ͷ廨󣬱˵İŵüʧСסԼͣؿڣŬȶһԼŵ˵ 
ˣҪȥӣСģ 
е𣿡 
֪һҪҴˣ 
һӣȥӡ 
ҲСһ㣬ˤˣ 
֪ 
С˰죬Űϡڵϣ缱æӣȥżʣ 
߻ǲߣ 
ӵվʹֽţһɿʣ 
ôң 
ȥץҩҾһֱ㣬һ仰үҿ㱻Ǵץߣ㱻Ѻһ취ûУұȵ˯ţ͵ԿףˡѪ߰ߵģͰԼ˦ǿߣ 
·˼ȥ 
ߵ԰һǣ约±ײҴҵ˵ 
ϿȥŴүұϻȥ 
ǣмĪֿʣҪҴʲôү 
翴ɬٵ˵ 
ҪûгûУˣʲôû˵Ҫң˶٣жģҶжġ 
Ҷˣȥɣ¡ллжˡ룬ܲģȥ᲻鷳 
Ҳ֪ϣûѡҲٵˡתߣֻͷٰ㲻ĵļһ䣺չǧٳ£ 
ɫһݣӸж 
֪ҲչԼСڣ߰ˣҶ֪ԼܹܲôүʱҪ㣬Ǿֲ̫ˣүɣϾںʹүԵˣ׽ˣ 
𶯵ĿϵĿɬˡ˵ͷ˵һ䣺ֻҪҲѱһģ˵꣬ͼæȥˡ 
صƷɷʱƷɡ衢ȹϵϣòˡסԼ£ǣҩҲȥˣҲûˣǱסֻü򵥵Ѿ˵һ顣ƷһҲԼ˿ڣӴϳӣĺ 
ǰ㣿죡ҿǰˣ 
Ǽ磬壬ǣϵĺü±޺˵ġ 
浣Ѽĵ浣̫⣬ʹɵסˡ 
ְסƷɣ 
㲻ҪǧҪ˿ڣҰа㣡ҵʵ¸ʲôֻҩˣҪȥҩ̵ţȥץ 
û˵꣬Ʒһ硣˱ܲ˺۵ӣȫ¶˳ 
浾һڴƷ۾ֱˡð죬Ҷû˵ȻƷҧҧʹı˱۾˵ 
ǾȻ㣡⻹һ⻹ֵ֮ҢҲҲҢһ𳤴ѽҲˣᣬҰе¶ɣѵҪеܡ 
æȰ裺 
סòã˳ҪϢǶôĹ£οүŲŻһ⣬ʹˣΪû𣿿ܻи⣡Ҫ˰ɣ˵Сðվңй¶ȥˣĵĸ磬ɷҮ˵ʲô˵ 
Ʒɱˣǵģ紦ﴦǣͶʲô˵ֺּΣʹòˣ 
ǡҪȫڰĵλ𣿡 
ҾãһøϿãүű𶯣㵽Ҹҩ躰 
ԶԶԣϿҩ˵浾˵ 
Ѱǰ棬ˮϴ˿ڡıϣһһı޺ۣƤһѪһʹ˵ 
۰ɣû취޶࣬˿һҪһ²źãһ̣ 
ʹȻЦ 
ץһۣ 
Ǭ˵ 
ǬıƷɵҩ룬ҩ࣬Ϳϣһı;ѣһҵ죬ôĶأôأΣķôѽ 
ƷڴϺ 
浸æǰƷʹ˵ 
طϢɣòã 
Ϣˣȴǵˣʤʱ趼ʺһ£ҼˣôϢ 
æο浣 
̫̫ģԺǳע⣬ԼˣҲôүˣ뿴ЩǿεģõſţҪöүͼͼҸӽţ 
ҿҰҵӵɣȫΣ˵ 
ˣ˴ʹ󣡡۾һ 
͵ͷ 
ȫԷˣſڣдţҺͰʹ߿Ҳûϵˣ 
Ʒڴϣ̲ס̾ 
ǳȥܱ꣬ϱ洦԰ӣûܹˣû뵽ԼȻҪΪӪ 
ûҩܻ꣬صƷɴЦ˵ 
ûаװкϢҪ㣡 
ʲôϢƷ۾ 
ң˭µ֣ԭȫ֪࣡ԣҪǸˣǰȫȫģ 
Ʒüͷһɡ͸һڳ 
УҪҴ㣬ûг㣬ʲôû˵ 
Ʒͷ 
֪ʲôû˵ðȥ㣡裬ҪûгԿ 
һģһģԺҲԩˣһ˵ 
裬עһСҾѾͷе˵ 
ͷ磬Ʒɣֿǳٽᡣ˵ 
ڣҺúõ˰ɣ˭ţ 
үžͺãأƤˣ޹ϵһҪŵģץҩ˵ھҪȥ 
Ȩһ 
ҩ̻Ὺţһ磬ȥץҩˣҪܣȥ 
Ʒһ˱ǧΡ 
Ʒɾһֿ֣Ҫˡ۾Ŀ񣬿ǣȥӰӡԼ˥ˣ᲻ڵԼأô룿ļ٣ֱꡱˡ 
ڶһ磬Ͱе£ռƻˡҩ룬Ʒɴǰţ 
е£Ҷźˣ㲻ҪġǶһȥˣˣ˵ԿѾ黹ԭλҪǷġ 
Ʒɵͷһû¡Ҫ˵ʲô⴫ҶĴͨ 
үˣ 
ƷһæȥţϽǰ밲 
ү磡 
Űϵı޺ʮԡԾʣ 
ôˣ 
û£û£µ˵ 
   
ˣô˵û£ôŪģü 
Ʒ֧Ӻ 
͸°£ǰƷ輱æס 
Բˣ 
ű𶯣ʱ򣬱òأϿãҪģƷֿ˵Ҫһ𰸣ô£Ҫˣ 
£ץҩһӴ裬ϵֿﶾһ٣Ʒɲ̹׵˵˳ 
˭ɵģ𾪵ʡ 
Ӧ裬˭ֹһˣмܹܺҢû뵽ҵļңѾһͥ 
üͷøˣ˵ 
ַëˣŸ˵Ҫͷ棬ˣת۾ˣ˵ţƷɣƽҲе㽾񣬳ûûСŻǳ°ɣ 
ƷһȻл̵˼һ㡣ҪǰЦ˵ 
үҲãϣүҪ׷ˣ 
һۣϵ˵ 
Ҷʬһ㣬ﲻǾͿ԰ܶ𣿡 
Ʒɺ 
ӱʵѾһ̳⶯˽̣㻹һۣһۣһٹϢɴģ 
Ҳյһ 
㣡 
Ʒһ˵ 
ãѾ֪˰ôأһܲͱİɣ㻹ҪǸң⣬ʱٸڶ𣿡 
Ʒɴ󼱣ſڽࡣʣ 
̬ȣźɣѵҪҲ󰢳һ𣿡 
Ʒɼˣڶ 
Ҹ㣬һԼͱģŲأ 
ԼͱģΪʲôҪԼͱԼһأ󾪡 
ƷѶͼᶨģ϶ģ֣ص˵ 
Ϊһ֤Լ޶־ 
漫ˣĿתĶƷӭĿ⣬ô̹ϣòˡ۾˼˵ 
̫ˣǣ⵹Ϊɵ¡ı֮һ˿ƷɷǳʧĲԾȫ巢͡Ҷˣɵ£ 
ǣҲڰɣ 
ǸǴ¥ֵ 
ƷӭŸ׵۹⣬һһ䣬Էθ 
Ϊ𣬵ɽ͹Ҷϧȥοǰһأķ֪Ϸһһǳǳмһʱ䣬֤ҵ۹⣬ֵ֤ûǲֵã 
ʧˡ 
ˣ֪ˣҧҧ˵ҵӣȻ̫꣬ݣǣ㣬Ҳδ̫ˣһϣֹԼӣҲ̫ˣվ䵭úõɣתߣ˼վסˣͷ˵ں޺ãҲҪǧ֮⣬ֵ֮䣬ûнⲻĳޣ֪𣿡˵꣬תȥˡ 
ƷŻһ 
ֱһ浹ƫ򰢳ԷŹˡһǣ˿ڣŶӴ 
æܹ˵ 
㶯ȥʲôԼˣҲעһ£Ӧø˲ŶԣһɹȥˣҴƱү׷ˣ 
Ϊò˼飬̫ˣ 
ôأֻҪʱܹأˣȥƷɣһǣ˿ڣӴӴ 
豼 
Ҷȥű𶯣 
Ͷˣһӡ 
û뵽ŪôǱ˵ 
˼ǡ߹ǿɡӴˣ 
Ʒɽӿڣ 
ͶˣȻӶЦˡ 
ڶһ磬ͱܹҵƫ 
ˣ˸Ӿˣôأ˭أܻʡ 
ԣǧҪСƷɵͥȻΪˣҪΪʲôǿʵϣһҲܶ࣬ЩˣҲȫΣ˵ڼ飡ܹ˵ 
ңһ磬ͽˡڣֻͷһƷɵķſڣСҲϽϷ֪ǻүô˵үô룿Ңӿڡ 
תߣھȥΪǿ 
ܹһסëˣүô˵˵ǰˤһӣˤ϶Ǳ޺𣿡 
һ㣬ת鿴ܹܡ㵵ĺʲôб޺ۣôŪģ˭Ūģ 
ܹһЦļ硣 
ȥɣԼСӦ 
ܹܻû˵꣬ԺҶǴͨ 
үˣ 
ܹܴ󾪣Ң趼һ㡣κηӦѱĵϡܹܼæȥţͬʱĿһۡ 
һʹ̤˽۹ɨˣ 
ԭôһ밲ˣ 
ܹܸелһʱ֮䣬˷磬ҽӿڡҴټҲ֪˵ʲôең 
ôôˣ 
裬޺޵˵ 
ﱻŪһ˯𣿡 
Ūʲô 
ŪʲôҪҵһϺͿòãѾȥƷǶˡ׽󰢳򰢳𣿡ȻͷҢͼܹܣǺôӣڼﶯ˽̣ 
ܼæ˵ 
үɱᣬҴ𡭡 
Ѹٴϣ̾ 
ܹܣǽѵҲûʲô˲𣬿ǲҪ̫ˣⰢﻳޣǿ԰Ҳ԰ǣκ£ʿɶֹܵ£ҪҲ̫ף 
ܹƵˡ 
迪ʼס 
㲻ܾƷɵĻϲһѵܣӦȥôˣô 
Ĵ 
Ѿ֪Ʒ˵ģ׷ˣԣ¾͵Ϊֹ˭Ҫˣ 
辪棺 
֪ˣô˭ɵģҲ֪ 
˵ҲҪ׷ҲˣҲ֪ 
衢Ңܹܱ˴˻治⡣ 
ļ磬ĳ˵ 
죬˵һƪ˵ҪƷɽͣ˵ҪĴʲôģǷθ֮ԣǳжҼжȥɣҪˣǰһתͱһ𣿡 
Ͽҵ˵ 
Ҳģ 
ô򰢳飬ٷˣ֪ҶҪʧٿڵһֻۣϣûսûıÿ˶ܽĹӣⲻɣ 
˵꣬ת󲽳ȥܹܻæͳȥ 
ڵҢԿһۡ 
ãƫ㣡Ȼ֪Ǵ˰ǣûдƢһ㿴ǻռϷ磡Ң˵ 
룬ֵ 
ǰοһһƣ˷緢˵ưɣ·úأ 
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12



ûȥڣѾ¶ģٺƷɼˡ֣ƷҲûߣԲڴʵڲжɣǣȻҲûѵƷѾ֪ľģԤˣ죬̲סȥתתҲʧĻصСݣʧǡǣ죬ڴߵǰ۾ĿǱ֮衷һɢļ飬㷢߶ԡĿһдţ 
ǾһΪǡ񡢳桢㡢ա¡ǡѧ֡ˡʧȥҵֿʹ;ǵһ׵ĺڶеĹɫȫʧʣµģֻһ߿տǣʲô嶼ûˡ 
ǳ𺳣ǳжͶƷɵ֡ 
Ȼ䣬ذףλεһšžһ죬һͽӴӡȻĿذף飬ʣ 
⡭⡭ʲô 
һ 
ذףȥģһѣһѣ 
Ҫʲô۾ 
ذǸʲôģ㻹᲻֪ƣذаӵĻۣǰϣšһԼʱս 
˸ 
ӲĶϣ𣿴һ·Ϳ𣿡 
ᣬԹˡذúܺãСᣬǷǳ㲻ԸϣҲ԰ϣٺչҹ棬ҲϴҵҲŪ˸æң 
飺 
Ӧڴ¥µģ 
ѽҲ˵뿪˴¥Ҹʲôʲô֪һ죬ҸǸչҹɻʲôĽҰأ 
ôڻĽҰأ̫ˣ 
ºѽοᡱǿԡ족ģ 
˵ţͰذװ··￴ 
㿴ⲻȫ𣿸տʼЩϰߣǣûоˣ㿴Щǵǹģ˼ڵúܣҰã 
һ˦֣ܵĺ 
ҲҪ 
㲻ҪΪʲôҪ 
ֱʹ˵ 
Ϊһ£֪õͱ˵ʲôζҾԲڶΣ 
ʹǶչҹɣҲ𣿡 
Ҳ 
ţ 
ô£ 
ѹҡҡͷ 
Ҳ֪ô£ֻ֪һԴͱǸĽһԺҿӾͷиˣҶвȥ֪ҲãûϢҾû취 
 
ͱչƷɣĽף㲻Ҫһֱ㲻߹ȥһǱ飺ҪٿжĶˣ 
󼱣־ȥ 
ѾȥڵˣѾˣҿ飬ܲǶǵıѰɣҿҿҵĿ飺Ҷˣ㲻ٰⱾߣ 
Ȼ֡飬õ䱦㣬ѹؿڡ 
ô˵ذˣĿ 
ˡ 
һȥذץ 
㲻ҾʹѣһѰϣһѰϣչҹɣ͸һҿ 
˴ 
ҲҪ߻ħòãϴѵôݣһʱˣЦ𣿺ðɣһѣһѣţţ 
   
ùذףֱĸоʹһת֪ҪǶźá 
ذս벻ףóŽ룬ֲףóҲʵĵطɲأ󣬰ͷµĴ£ͷѹţ˿պذף̧ͷ飬Ľͣ 
ҲҪܵÿһСߣᴳ 
Լϵذףһﲻ 
ڶϣҵܶæСԺаӡСĴƷϵʱ䣬ϰССĽűߣϸСĺȲʣ֣ӡɨѣɨԺӡڲӣϣǱ֮衷 
˴ţͽţһͳˡһˣɨѾҪ 
ʲôȥȥ 
ɵıܿСġ˵ĺ 
ûȥϿΣСģûн 
ӿȫһС忴ˣʹ 
磬ôˣ 
һϲ 
С壡硱ûа㣡Լ˵𣿱˰ˣ 
￴ˣӶˣ۾Ҳˡڷﲻҳȥ 
ɨѱɨѺ 
˵˽ȥ𣿡 
ɨһӣ 
ôףĸҹˣʲôأǸԼȥ𣿡 
ңĴ£Ͳǹ찲𣿡 
ôûǹӣǺü춼û𣿿ǣڲֲˣ˿Ҫѹˣ 
ȥɣÿ춼˭ҲȲ˭ϿߣҪԻҩˣ 
ȥɨһȥ 
һ£лҪ˵ 
ǣûлҪ˵ 
Ĵ𣿡ͷ 
   
Ѳزסˣ˹ 
ôˣ 
˵˰ˣԺü춼û취 
һ 
㣿أòã 
ãĲãҲ˰ˣ 
ôһأ˭ˣң 
˵ 
Ĵ 
ʲô˵û˵أġ˵ȥҪˣŲߣҾͽСȥ֪ͨ 
Ŀ飬ѸٵĽӿڣ 
ԤҪ֣ϰһ𣿡 
㲻ҪǼҺֱײӦ֪Լܻܲӭʲô㲻㣬ҪƭˣʵŻᱻƭת 
飬Ȼ޿̵ıˣ 
ʵ̫Ե̫ˣҴûĹ뿴Ƕʲô£¼ܺߣֻǣǣȻ£¶˺۵ıƭǵأ 
顢ССġСȫ󾪡СУ 
磬ˣ㣡Ͽҩ 
ñӳôŪ˵ģûдС 
Сĸߣ 
˭ˣôȭԸأͷأô˵ء 
࣬ȫ˺ͰǸ׵ĳޣ¶ 
ѸٵĴ·ӣаοˡ濴ĺԺֻ𣿡 
ǣ¶СǶһȥ¥ˡңʲôˣ˭㣿ż 
ҧгݣһһֵ³ 
չ裡 
ֵܽȫһҲˣ 
ûƭǣģ㱳ϵˣʲô˵ģ 
ûƭǣϵˣչҹ޳ģһ˵ 
ǡأҲɣľս 
ʵڡ˵ҿɲԽȥ˵ˣ 
ÿӡ 
˷ǣƷɱ㣬ԼȫұƷɡԴ̡ĻӦ׷֣ϸϸ˵ˡþĶǣ÷˼һ֪⣬̺ͰͬѪڣߡ 
һٶյЧ治Сֽŵĵ⣬ƺͶˡ֪ƷɡϼˡԺǡʹϼʹ޲òɵƷɴȥ뵽ƷڹۣȻԼͱӵĹʧԼԶΣ͸ȫ𶯡֪νǣӡ᳦ϡʲôζˡ 
ںܣ̸˾ʱƷҲֲ浵׷ʣڰԼ˵ľ̹׵ĸĸסľţ 
ʲôԭͱһ̫ˣ㻹ϿɢҪ𣿡 
Ҿ֪ܸ˵˵˾ַӦ˰죬Ҳһ˼ҵ̬ҲһǰȰ˵Ʒɰյ˵ 
Һ̬ͬҲ˽ĳޣʹ࡭ǣҪɱѽôһҪɱ˽ӽأвУǸǮ⳥ǣֲǣȻߵԶԶģȥ˵žߡ 
Ʒһµһ 
㲻ҪŪҵ˿һΣǴžҪҰˣ 
һţȻֹ 
Ͽȥţ 
ҪҪú˵أ 
ϴ 
Ʒɻصϡ 
飬뾡취ҪסΪ̫˽ˣҽҲҵĽͺͷһҪңḪ׳нֻҪȥһ˾ȥһĵλҵӣȫˣֻҪһ뵽Ҿͻᷢԣȥߵõͱˣ 
ôأҪôأ浾˵ 
ôأҲܵ˿˺Ŀ浣֪ŵȥİɽׯҪɱң֪һȥǷҵʵݣʹˣȥڣȻԤһ˶ԼĲôҪڷչҵˣ;ˣҵĵطһˣֻҪһ뵽ΪչƷɶҾͿΪ 
˵ôأôǿҵۣ浱ĸסˡ 
ΪҶԣǿҵģһĹ飬ҲңΪޣһֵĽãչҵһѻճһȣֲãˣΣգ 
ѽǡΣա֣ľսͱһôȢأ˷ޣʱԸһ 
Ʒˣɥˣʧ˵ 
Ҹ㱣֤ͱˣ 
ҺϣܹҸϣи۵ĻиܿɰӣΪŮǣʵ̫ˣ 
û취ˣھҪӡҪˣǡʹһͷҵǣҪңչƷɣҵعؿһضûԣȱΪҡȢ֮գҪյǣܡȢ 
һ죬˶ס˿ڡ 
ǰɫ˷ܣ۾Ʒһ˶ˡ 
𣿲ñܻˣﶼ֪ˣ 
Ҽˣ 
Ʒеʡ 
ֲ԰ףôţɨѴңҼһҺҽУҹѪͷ 
Ʒɼˡ 
һͻˣ 
Ʒɵɴ۾ʧĶ˵صף 
ôôûã 
һЦӿڴȡһż㣬˹ȥ 
еĺòãŲǴν׾أҪҰ㣡 
Ʒɵ˰һۣһż㣬æ򿪡 
żϣıʼдľ仰 
ǧǧ򣬺ǧǧ 
Ͼʱ࣬ʱκΣ 
Ʒɰżؿڽһѹϲĵϴ 
һǧ𰡣 
Цˡ 
浶İܲˡǸӡᳪ裬õͱˣᰮޣǡʫ⡱ģѧģǸĹﰡ 
ÿڴ¥ֳּѱ 
¥ɱӯţｻ 
мϢʱ䣬֣ϰȥڣǺ֣ϰĺǣѾúˡ֣ϰʾ£ҶҲһЩɻ䣬ǰֶˡ 
֣ϰĿѾ㷹ƾšվһߣߺ㣬һȺΧۣʮ֣֡ϰѾӮ˺ܶǮϵٶȿƣ֣ϰׯ棬ĵơϵһǡơνƣʮһ㣬㣬㡣 
鿿֣ϰϣ˸߲ҵĽţ 
һŻƣһŻƣ 
ܵģöô׵ģϰ˵ 
鲻飿֣ϰǺЦšôĴָѹ棬¶һ룬Ǹ㡱ȫȻ 
ǽڣҲڣһѾˣ˵ 
֣ϰ̵Ŀһ룬Ҷ쳤Դȥ 
ĵ㣬Ǳʮϰ庰 
ĵ㣡ĵ㣡Ŀǽš 
ʮʮʮϰ庰 
ҸģȴرȾŶǮĴ̼Ǻ˷ܵĺţ 
㡭㡭㡭һ㣡 
֣ϰ忴ƣһ룬ȻǸ㡱 
žһ֣ϰ£Ц̧ͷ 
ǻƣңԲͨԣ 
ϵǮȫɨ֣ϰ塣ΧһƬ̾ 
֣ϰ壬ֱˣϰ˵ 
ϰֱð 
飬ԱòãҲ˸ 
Цû֦Ҳ˵ 
飬ȥ˲ 
鿴֣ϰһۣ壺 
ҲҪ˼ϲ˼ҵ 
֣ϰЦ˼ˣֱ 
ҵĸǣһųƱԺ죡 
˳ƱЦţ 
һѣһûʵۣ 
ûʵۣǴҶҪˣɢɣϰС 
ǾøƺˣЦ˵ 
֣ϰ屻ÿĴЦ 
ʲô˵Ƕ顣һѹ 
ϴƣڶĵûȣϲϲʱ򣬺Ȼһŵ 
ССȸһܣһǽţ⡢㡢Ѽͷɡп㡭ͨͨһ㣡 
е˶ͷȥֻ衢ҢӣռһŴӣǶġ 
һͦｩס׶һ˲תס 
Ŀ˽һۣվüЦӭ裺 
Ӵʲô磬չүˣϿͷСгȾƣ顢¶ϲ˰ʲôȥʲôûʲôȥʲôҶһ㣬һ㣡 
顢¶СһӦţһƵæµ 
迴֣ϰ˵ 
֪ɲλҲһ 
֣ϰ۹һｻһעӡ֣ϰͷȥ飺 
ô˵ҪҰ㵲𣿡 
һתҡҡͷܿ˵ 
ˡҹȥ 
£֣ϰѹ 
֪ 
̺ܲĵĸ 
Ҹһȥ 
   
֣ϰ̧ͷݽһʹһɫɴ󺺲עģĵɢĸ 
Ң۹棬˷˵ 
٣һ㣡 
ʱĪ˷ 
ܺӣо 
ˣѾԼҵԵ򶨶ȡһЦ˵ 
ԶУе֨ѽ֨ģһΪڴԣԵҹɻèͷӥʲôģԭչĳˣ־ȥƣ̧ۿˣ񶼼Ŷǰİɽׯһѻ𣬴ҶμӹǲǣҾλһףҹܹ˯ȣΣլƽᱻһҰյһǬ 
ٱһǬˣձӣȥơ 
ҢˣĿ֪ηӦ 
豻ţ⣬Ǵ̼ͷЦ 
ҩζͦصģˣ̫˰ɣҽѵģʶԵҵһƣǽⱭǬˣǻΪѣô̧ͷһǬ˱ӡ 
ŬԼȻ̲סڶ 
ΪʲôԼúõĶţһҪأʾа취۸С𣿶ǽҡźһ£Ӣ𣿿űʹ࣬𣿡 
Ц 
ӴΪֻõԭҲٱƤЦģôƯֻ˵ֻᳪֲûԵߵʵܵǲģ̫Ӵɩӣ 
⡰ɩӡһ˫˫ɫﻹ˵ʲôľơѾ˹ȥ 
зһƫͶˣ˳ץס 
ôֻһаӦöУҪǶԿþƣҲͦģҲˣ˲̫ϧ𣿡 
æվ麰 
飡תͷ裬Цִ˵ÿҪ꣬ôأ۸ǵС۸û˳أû¾Ǵ¥ӷǲǲǲǣ 
һϣ֣ϰ̸ЦĺǼǮ۽ǲʱ 
Ȼס󣬶ԽһЦ˵ 
ǧҪǾԲС¥£Ҷ֣ϰ壬ˣǽѣˣһΣԭ£ 
Ц棬ͣ˻ȥ 
ȻбһתֵЦ 
ץҵ֣ԤҪץأ±˿ЦҲ𣿡 
 
գôͻȻ˵ô֣Żһɣ 
Цúģ 
ڴ¥ᣬҴӦ㲻¡ʲôĽҰ⣬Ҿͻᣡ 
̧üëϡ˵ 
⻰˵ú֣еζ㲻ȥʲôĽҰɣ 
ҸȥʲôĽҰ⣬㲻ɱ㣿Цøˡ 
ҿȷʵ㣡ǲǣ㲻ɱ֮ǰɱ㣿 
ľսͻȻһվ 
飬Ǹȥ·׼ϳˣ 
æӿڣ 
ǰǰϿȥ· 
վͷ裬ֵ֡ʱ˳ƾֱϣһţȻһЦתȥˡ 
迴ıӰĵףĪ˷ 
̨֣ϰѾվǰЦź 
չүƣҵϣͣչүո˵ҽѣãҲ뷨ɣкöѶʶ㣡 
Цվ 
ðøˣأ 
ӭμӣ֣ϰ˵ 
Ңʹɫʾȥֻʹߵ֣ϰ֣ϰ忪ʼһһܣƺһźҲ˻ˡС顢¶ΧƣһƬ֡ҾͶǮ 
صױ䣬ץס֣ͼֵ˵ 
ʲôչҹһʵ̫ΣգҲôģʲôƻ㶼ҴûУ룬Ǹչҹǰ׳֪Ǻ޲øɵôĵأԴģ 
֣ȥ·һ߻һ߹ִ˵ 
뻢Ѩɵûӣ 
ˣ׷˵ 
飡вѽ˻ѨᱻԵùͷʣ˵ˣʲôӡòģǸչҹɣʲôŮûﻹһƯ̫̫㶯ĵģһΣϷŪã˷۱ 
̧ͷ۾鼤־ 
ҲܣֻҪΣϷҾлᣡָܿѹڴϣ̸ĵطǲҪ̸ˣòã㲻ҪңҶһ 
ּʹֵģ 
ⲻһģģһӮĻᣡһᶼûУСѹ˵֣ϰʲôϷ㲻֪СһѣͱǵС˶٣㵽ЩʲôЩʲô 
꣡Ҫ̸ˣô·ˣ 
еġǣʹ 
飬ҺѹΪҾãڶ䡣 
͵̧ͷ 
ǣڶ䣡Ϊһܲп磬Ҫ棬Ҫѹ裬ֻܷЩֵǮĽЩϡʲôĹƨΪĿģֶΣ 
۾İ 
ãǶ𣿡 
˵ҪǸСۡȾǲڵģǵĵҲˣǡߣ͵͵ģ˵ǸɱȴڣȾأ 
Ĵ˸ս 
̧ͷһЦ⣺ 
컻·̨ȥϼְɣ 
ǣѹסе£̨һΡɽףӢ̨ġʮ͡Ⱥ档رѣ۹ⲻסɨ֣ϰȫȻкá֣ϰ裬ֹͣ˶Ǯ̨ϡ 
Ȳʣ̲ס 
ãҲƯκááá˼ֲú䶯ͩǣ 
֣ϰ΢ЦĶ 
¥ɫ٣ǣ鷳Ҳ٣Դ׵Ҳ١ 
һЦӿڣ 
֣ϰţ˭ϻأ 
֣ϰҲһЦ 
˵˵˰ҵֽϻأ 
һЦ˶Է˼ 
̨ϵ飬һΡ˫˫Я֣ٶ̨¾Ϲ׵У˽̨ȥˣ֣ϰԽһ䣬͸̨ȥˡ 
֣ϰźǮ 
ʵڲӮѣֵÿЦ 
鴩űװˡ֣ϰæ֣ 
 
ߵ֣ϰߣ¡رѡһλ¡֣ϰɫ˵ 
˵飬УҵӣԺչҵӣȥˣ˵ 
ûû˵ͽ˿ڣ 
ѽͩǣҶ֪չϣ֣ǱһͩǸˣ¥ϱ͡أͲôҶͺСǿģҲ 
֣ϰЦˣ 
̴ãصҪұˣ 
Ŀ˶ЦƺǢˡЦȥ飺 
ô˵أҪʽھƵǸ𣿡 
Ц֣ϰ壬Ц裺 
ΪˣҪ˵أ֣ϰ᲻ˣҪ˵أԼŻÿѪһغ 
ô𣿡ʡ 
ôأһüëͳСȥԩҰֻޣܰĥɷۣտɻң 
豻ǵú˷ܣ־ȥ§ 
úãġԩҡֻ󰡣հ尡ըû취ˣ 
ҶЦҲЦ֣ϰͿĵ˵ 
ˣЦЦˣжĳޣһЦͶˣǽʹʹĺһ 
ٸ߸˵Ķһӿڡ 
ʱ䣬ϾƵϾƣϴƵϴƣһƬ֡ 
һƬУĵĽһСֽСߣһ䣺 
ȥٿҪܰ 
һŷֵ飬˶ݽ˿ܵȵؼңȥϴּʱ򣬾ʹֻֽдţ 
㣬ڳſ򣬸Ҳһǰ 
Цˣ˷ܼˡ 
һè׽󡱵ϷΪè׽ֻ֪Ҳè׼׽ֻ˼˭ 
صϣһ϶ɫ 
￴úͿһӵľɡ 
------------------ 
 








13



ҹصءھǰ棬̵ͷ۹ֱֱĿžеԼɲ⡣ﶢ˺þúþãʵڰסǰȥһסļ硣 
飡ʲôƻң 
ûʲôƻһһ 
ǡҪһ 
ûһ塢ͬʱߣֻҪһ߶ˣҾӮˣ 
ͨͨأﺦµĺ 
һӣ 
˵һûòã 
һסҵĺ 
飡ǬͷɣǸͷȫģ 
ʲô˼ 
ץĸۣҡҡ 
˵ԴӵȥԺʹ࣬ļѣǵĳģǵıģһ쵽뱨𣬵ǣûбͷԣԼÿաʱ룬ֹͣȥޣ᲻ᷴǣǴأ 
ӭе˼飬˵ 
˵ЩʲôֹͣޣѾ̵ܹҵѪҵôֹͣҪֹͣޣֹͣҵҪҲ𣬳 
𶯼ˣŭʣ 
Ѿ뱨ˣǲǣԸѻռİɽׯ£ǬǬǲǣ 
ǣǣҡͷ˵˵ģѾǵѪҺԶǣǣһʵʵжжΣյģɱģŪòãûɣԼοûСκ³çΪ۵ǣԼйһ³çΪһΣ 
İɣҲŪ߰˲ۣ 
ǣѾԼһˣҿ֣ϰﲨֿǸչҹŪ飬Ҷ֪ʲôֻ֪һ£ҿҪʹˣҲҪҵñϲǰǸֵ飡Ǹɣ㣡 
кˣҵ˵ 
ǸˣڼİɽׯŻһ죬ͱǰѻˣҲûǸˣ 
еģеģʹţﻹᣬԵûаģݰ͵һݺޣ˵þȣ˵úܺá 
Ǹչҹ˵⣬ſʱǵǰһĶŪһ͵ôܻúܺã 
ߣǿԻһְҵ 
Ҫ˵Цˣߣǿȥ粴Ժһ·Լ޵չȥչҵǮã 
һ󼤶 
㻹ڶŻǲǣҶĹ䣬ģ˵˼ǧΣҲǲţǲǣ 
   
ҿӲģ˵ڲ𣿡 
ǲҪѻ̸Ĳҵ⣡ 
ô⣿̸⣡ִԲҵִԲ˭ҲȰ˭ԣ˵ˣ 
޻˵ˡ˴˶ȥ˴Ÿ˵ִԲ򣬸˴Ÿ˵ļ尾ʹĿŴֽȾס 
ϣţﱼȥšһסˡ 
⣬ȻվƷɺͰ 
̧ͷƷɣܺˣˣˣ 
ƷעҵĿ˿ڣ㡭ּˣ 
ֻǿſκ˼ȴ 
𣿡Ʒģãݶˣ 
ģһ鴤̳ۿ 
ˣ㡭ôܳˣΪʲôϢ죿˿ 
㣬ڴˣöˣ 
ں 
˭ˣ 
ܳССģСͨͨ˳СһƷɣҵĺ 
Ľ״磬þûˣСöһֱأ 
𣿡Ʒ߽ţı˱С壺Сöô˵ģ 
˵Ľ״ôأǲȥǴȥˣ 
ˣƷɿС¶ﰲοˡ 
Сһͱ˹ȥ 
Сģôûȥѧʡ 
ʮ壬ѧУϢ 
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Ҹ˵ǸеľĲˣվǽÿζкģ̫̼ˣСļ档 
ǵðѼаᵽȥһյأڲֹ׼ȷȣҪı 
ϵ˺ûУСĹĵĿ 
ǸС˼ 
ʹСȥоС 
СܵƷǰƷ˵һɣͷ顣Сʣ 
Ը˵𣿵մ磬չ쵰 
һúšشƷѳϿҵĺ 
ССģС壬Ƕ 
СѾƷˣССĲȡ̬ȣס飬Ʒɡ 
ЩûǣΪˣǣһֱǣһֱо仰ҪǣʲôҾʶǸĽ״磡ûһ㲻ͬϲϲװɣҴӦǣֻҪǲųңһԶĴ磡ƷֿѼ˵ 
С̲סӿˣ 
֪Ľףдһ飬֮衷ÿ챧ſ֪㲻ǻˣ˵дǱˣһһģ 
Ʒһ𶯼ˣͷȥҵĿĿӣƬۡ 
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˵ˣǶˣ˶ˡסһطǺΣ˿ںûУ 
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ȻûȫãѾˣ 
鿴״Ȼû취ȥƷɣѲ֣ԺҪô죿һգһ̾ 
Ʒһĳ˵ 
飡㲻ܰҵѣҲҪҵ˰ɣһҪ˽⣬޵Ǹ˲ң֪İɽׯ֮ҵİպʹ޸һǿңЩӸǽѣҸǳǸ⣬ǸҲʹ࣡ô˽ǵĺޣҲʵҵĿԣҪƭǣ 
ʹࡣʵϣϴεı棬ѾȥƷˡǣҪһչҵĴүѡʵǡǿѡһʱ֮䣬ʹìܣֻܵͷ 
Ѿӯˡ 
Ʒɿ鲻˵ϣɾǿ̾˿ͷ 
ǳȥߣòãкö໰̸һ̸ 
۾٣ܹȥס֡ʣ 
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ңһ˦֣ܵȥ 
׷ס 
ҪȻһ֮ѽҶ᲻ѽܲǴҲңܲ˵Ǵҵķϲһʹ˼ʹ¾ĵ˵Ҹ˵ټһξͺã໰뵱˵ɣһΣҾҲˡȥ˶ϣģ 
鱯Ŀ 
˶ϲ˵ģͱˣ 
ҲᣡѾˣ֪ҸûδģҶˣ 
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ɣȫ綼Ѳ֣ԼҲǸúͿֻøԼѣԼĳˣҲˣ 
õʶһ㣺 
ǡҳȥߣ 
ͷܳȥƷɡ 
߰ɣ 
վڴ£ӣþãþá 
Ʒȼ飬ѡڽӵУıš 
ûоô߹㣬ģ㣡 
ڻƬ̣ 
ˣ˵ٶѪŵû궼ûˣܳûйϵô˵ 
Ҹ㣬ȫˣƭģһǻʹ뵽ʱ򣬾ʹø뵽ʱ٣һֱʹ 
Ȼ棬ɫһ 
ѵüһ棬㻹Ҫƶ죡 
ɫһϿҵ˵ 
ûƶ죬ģ 
ʣ 
ټ٣ʵڲ֪Ǿ仰ģǾ仰Ǽٵģʵڲ֪ӦӦ㣡 
Ʒɼİ˫ԼС 
Щӣڴϣ˺ܶܶ顣ҺúڣӦһͶݣƭ㣡ǣʱĲҶģ±ǵĺޣɱ߰㣬ûӹһ 
ῴ 
ԭûУʡ 
ۣ˵ 
д˶ʮָң顣е£ҶǰһҰɣǽɣ 
һ 
˵ʲôôܼ㣿ôܽ飿 
Ϊʲôܣ 
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ΪʲôܣΪչΪչҵĳӣչҵļ̳ˣΪҲ߽չҵĴţҲܺĵΪΪչҵԼļң㵱Ҹչ֪һ㣡죬ôҪҼ޸㣡 
ƷʹĿе˵ 
֯Сͥأ㲻ҪչҴţӣѵܵȫһסвأ 
ͲչҾͲչҵϱҾӵÿĸĸǸĵܵ𣿲УԲУ 
֪ˣʹգʶҵʱգϣԶգ 
ź㲻գ 
Ʒɼˣɫ˵ 
Ҳ飬֪й˲޲ǵĸĸ㲻ᰮһԼĸˣĸԲϣһֵ𣿡 
ǲҪ̸벻⣬̫ңԶˣ̹˵ҽٸһ档Ҫ˶ϵģ 
ʲô˶ϣһ 
ǰһμˣҪ㣬Һ㣬Ѿˣֻ޿κΣ֮£ûа취̸δֻܸ֡ 
ǲԵģеĴĵ·˵ֹ߲ͨͣˣҺ֮䣬ûС˶ϡ֣ѾమزΡˡΡϡҲ˶ϣҪȥ 
żгˣ 
·ߣҲǧˣֻҪչˣǾעԵˣǧֺޣѪᣬ᣺ҪˣŵҰɣһһңҾûа취ǿҺʹ֪࣬ĺʹ࡭ġҲܳԣ˯컹Ҫ£ϻҪǿջЦȥ衭 
Ʒɺʹİһ 
Ҳãôʹ࣬Ҳãǣ㲻Ҫ׵˵֣ 
ܿȥ£ 
֣Ψһһ· 
׷ȥٵ˵ 
Ψһģһе飬˵㲻Ҫٸ˵ 
 
ǵϷȥʶ֮ǰѾϷס꣬ǰ־д£ڡȥǶͩеǷǷǣȫȻһ㣬ǣûЩ˷յǣǣˣòã 
һϣĹ⡣һ룬âȥˡ 
ССġС嶼ȥ𣿡 
ԣҹüһѡ 
ǡأ 
ֻҪԸ⣬Ǵһߣ 
ＤУ 
㻹ôһأ޶ңңôᰮһչҵˣڣҪĵطǵڵĵطȥˡôأҸڣģ 
벻𣿡ʡ 
𾪵ģŭһ̧ͷţ 
벻飡ҵȻ벻飡һֻϵָͷ˵ָͷǸÿһΪеֵܽãһ˴˳ޣĶǣ޲ɱԷ𣿡 
㲻Ҫ 
ô˽ңܲ 
ǡҲɣҲɣ㵽Ҫô죿Ҽ챻㼱ˣеǻ۶ˣ 
ͷȥ᳦ˣ 
ԣ˵ֻһ· 
   
ںҵݸʤ𣿡 
ǡ 
ҪҺչϵ 
Ҳҡûбʲôֻŵң 
ҵ˵һ仰ӱܣȻչҵѪҺ 
˵úܶԣԣֻܵΪֹˣ 
ܵΪֹģȻ˵˵෴Ļ㲻Ҫҡ˶ϡģһѾҲֲˣ 
ֻҪ㲻ҡ 
㣿Ǭٸһˣ 
ţ䣺 
۸ң 
ô۸㣿 
һĽףһչƷɣŪҾѣŪҲ½ңŪҵ߰㣬ŪҲ֪ô죬ڣ㻹ҪһһıҡҪ㲻֪ʵͶ·𣿡 
ƷɽıסͷѹԼϣϣ͵͵˵ 
Բ𣡶Բô㡱ǶԲôں㡱ǶԲô벻㡱ǶԲô㡱ǶԲ𡭡ĶԲҵﲻңôͿֻкޣûаˣ 
ﵹϣĻ־ҡ飬ֱ֪֮ˡ 
ŪõģϲϡҲúõȥ 
磬׼ʱԼᡣ 
ǰʮ֡ 
һƥ̤̤˩ϡߵǰӰ߽˳ӿҲû顣 
ԭҿЦһգҾ˵ôôĵӣԼҵ棿 
ԤȻиӰӰдܳǰһվ 
趨һ鴩һĺ죬ѥӣͷϴһñӣ䣬˧ʮ㣬۾һ 
õЦţ 
򵥣չүȻһ˹зˣӣչҹɵţ׵ģ 
   
̲סЦˣ 
˵̫˰ɣһʲôͷ۵һһŵƨԼңҵȻ 
üˣˣ̫࣬ȥһĵطòã 
Һͬһƥ𣿡 
֮ãҵңһЦ 
̫ˣŵһɡ۸ζҲЦ 
𣿡ü 
£££µòˣ̿ 
ߵϵٰӵǾ⼲۶ȥ 
ϪϣĹˣҰżšסߴʣ 
㲻ǡĽҰ⡱ˣ 
Ӧɣߣ 
ߵˮߵĲݵϡ 
£ֱϥԶ 
£ܸȤĿ֪Ҫʲôơ 
龲ĵţ綨ĿǰΣ޶ 
ֵϸһϾȻᡣЩ棬ΪʲôУûϵԶһ䣬ĵ˵ 
ǲǣСϪͩǣҼҡҳҳ󡣿Ҽҵ˶٣̾ˮƵҺСʱҵͳڻҰѵȻ˵ĸ衣 
辪漫ˡ飬˵飬˵İֶˡ 
̧ۿ˵ 
кþˣҶûеȻˣԴӼİɽׯյԺǼеʫ黭⣬һյˣ 
迴ʵڷǳĶЩڡ 
ʵ£ҲܱǸ 
ĵͷȥϵᡣ˵ 
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ծòãʣѣˡ 
㲻ҵɱˣ룬Һܻܿᰮ㣡˧аҲݶҵθڣ 
Ǿɱ˰ɣ΢Ц 
Ϊ𣿡Ц 
Ϊпܣ 
˹Ͱһ§˳ƵĻ۾ẬԹֺĶ۾һԵӡȻһͷסĴ 
ѵãһίߣһ֣ȥѥذסذףסԤ鵶֣ɿ£һѽס󾪣ӦѾһֻ÷ŵץεģһֻȥѥǰذס 
Ц 
̫˰ɣԤԵһͷתʱ򣬸һΪô򵥣ôƭҲΪһСͿ԰ƽһȣȵǸһʱ 
ذȾȥֺ־ɥԼѹȥµЦ˵ 
û뵽㷢ˣ 
СʱҾͷˣ 
ذףذӳչ⣬зȻǸذһϣ 
㲻һȥͱˣ 
һˮĴ۾ŴηĹ⣬ںġ 
㲻ôģ 
Ϊʲô 
ǾûϷóˣǲǻСһ衱𣿺οҵʵڲô߶Σһɣ 
̲סЦˣ 
Ȱ㣬ԺҪôаյ۹⿴ңǱ仯˵ģһһף죬үȷʵúõһ棬أǾʱŰɣ 
һ˵ţһˤǰذ׾ͷɽˮȥˡ 
ˣڣ֮ûǸµĶԺúõһˣ 
šֵ 
ٶȸͷȥٿȻƿӡһ˭֪Ķһա 
ͷܣЦšܱߺ 
׷ѽ׷ѽ 
νž׷˭֪ܵ÷ɿ졣ټϵƲƽӲݴȻ׷ܣЦߺ 
֪ǻҰﳤģСҰܣҵϣкһֱҵһ˭죡ѽ׷ѽҴ׷ҡ 
㿴׷ϻ׷ϣ 
һܣһ׷ 
ţţܵϵȻһԾһ֣ɱȥϴЦţͷ 
ˣ¥ǣɣ˵ţͼ۶ȥ 
ûϵһУıӰɦ˷ܣѣϧסҧ޺޵˵ 
ôˣŰɣ֣ܵҾͲչ裡 
ؼҵʱѻˡţһͷĺġֱǰһˮͷ๾¡ 
ﾪĿ 
ȥˣôƯ·Ƕģ 
ҵľ·Ұ˸ģ 
µĿԽԽɣ 
㵽ʲôطȥˣ 
⣡ 
⣿һȥ⣿Ȼˣǰһ壬ץס飬ѹʣѵǸչҹɳȥˣģǲǸʲôԼ᣿ˣǲǣ 
鲻̹׵˵ 
ǣ 
۾־ȥһա 
ذأʲôˣң 
鲦֣ 
㲻Ҫţʲô¶ûз 
ǡذأ 
Ǹչҹɷˣӵȥˣ 
˿ľս 
ȻǹƥȥǸչҹɵԼᣬңΪʲôҪȥðգΪʲôô³ç׾ΣϿң 
ͷ˼ʲôȻת⣬ 
ǸĽ̸𣿡 
ǲ̸òãһʹ 
ô˵أͬ𣿡 
Ȼͬ⣡Ƕ˵ԻһֱҪҼ޸öְ취 
һȻץס֣˵ 
ɣ 
ʲôﾪʣԼĶ䡣 
еĶȣ 
һķˣǶԵģҪȭȣʲô𶼱ˣǸչҹɲһ򵥵ĵ֣˷ҽǵûռˣһԴ֪ûа취ˣҡҡǣа취 
ʲô취ﾪ㵵ʡ 
ӦǸչƷɣ޹ȥֻҪҵţͺðˣ˽չҹסҹȥһѻ𣬰ղôǵķӣǷŽƱĵطҲһѻһ˵ζ㲻ҷŻ¶Ҳԡ 
ԽԽʹĺ 
飬֪˵ʲô𣿡 
֪ڽôȥ𣡺źǸչƷɰϵĲңңһᣡȻ飬ͽƾͼưɣ 
һͦ˺ü 
㲻ǽǽˣҲҪҲҪǺ͸չҹɣΪñҪҲͬ𣿡 
ڵ֮ﻹװЩͳǸ˵˼ˣչҵ󣬾ѵ㲻ףչҹɣǳһɱ֣Ϊѽ鱯е˵ 
ϺСãΪִ£ûҲûȥ飬ЦҲգҲգֻһƽƽһܹžһ𣬾ͺˣû˵Щ飡 
   
鰧Ŀ 
ҲЦ㣬Ҳ㣡㣡ֻᣬԲźۼĴǸͥƼƻ԰ȫҶŪúܲҡ 
Ｄҵ£ 
УУҪĽ׶ҵİȥ˺£һһ뷨ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣ飬ôó 
һͷ߿ 
ôóΪҿ£Ҳ̣ҽ쵽ϪϪˮǰһ峺չҹɵӰӣģǵĵӰӶûУ 
˵꣬嵽ߣһɣ۾컨塣 
߹ȥͷʹ˵ 
ǡޡ£ֹĥǣҲڷǣ 
Ҳգ˵ 
ǵģǡޡˣһǸ磬һǵܵܣԲͬӳǰͬ޴ʹ࣡İҵĺޣȫʹ࣡չҹ˵úܶԣܵܶ࣡ 
ﱻ⼸仰ˣһ࣬ʹʲô˵ˡ 
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14



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¥Ȼʢ׼Ҫ̨ڻױ仯ױ˰ѡСţ±׼ݳԣһͯһɽŮӣ˱˴˰˴˻ױ֬Ĩۡ 
һƣҴææ߽˵ 
λ֪ջչĹӣþûˣǸλӣһ 
һ˵Ǳϲ 
ǰȥкõòˣˡ 
鿴һۣǿסԼϲױ 
һƣٶȴҴ߽˵ 
治ɣչҵĶүҲˣһһڿұߵĵҾǣɲþұӣ 
㣬Ͻش 
ģһѾˣ 
ҴҶȥ 
Կ 
ðɣ裬ȥߣҾȥұߣ˵ 
㻹Ҫȥﾪʡ 
ǲУҲңİɣзִ磡 
ﲻ˵æװûŪáһƣֽˡ 
Ҹ˵еаţչˣ 
󾪡 
ǸչҲʡ 
ǸչʢǮׯչչϵչչҹɺλչӵϵͩǶչ˵ 
š㿴ңҿ㡣 
ǡǡһʣýš 
ֵߣ˭Ҳ˭һүˣֵһҳһšڣһһ֣ϰмλøǣ 
鶼۾˶񲻶١ 
Ž˵ 
¥꣬չҴ¥ȫˣӣΪǽöǸעһ㣬Ҫֳκ飬֪𣿡 
ͷ 
ȥˡ 
۾ű˴ˡֶ̿ܵ˵ 
˵ͻҪȥӦǣ 
ü۾ 
ں£ʲôǼȻǶҲССĶǣҪǿɣǸϿҪĴʶһԣ 
ǳСţ𣿡 
ǡСţǣʻҪһԣôˣʲô 
ĲɣҶìܣ 
   
ôҵľ棬Ӧ˰ 
ȣ 
ûʲôӦ˵ģɣ 
صġԴ֪ƷΪȻԼͱԼһ;ҪﵽǺηʥôĵףƷ̵İҲ൱𺳡Ʒ˵ôãߣҲ˵ɣǱŰŰɵ̬ġͬģмܹܡȴҲûϵƷɴŰҢҲ¥ʲôħڶˣˡ 
·һòףˡڴУʱ¡ӯšƷɺȻ˹ƷһӣһΨ²ҡӡܹܡҢܰ 
¶æϲϾƣһкţ 
ѵչүԹ٣СҲûʲôóԵģǴֲˣѾѿұ춼óүӾʹպŽͽͣ 
ĲɵĿţ 
õط֣Ӫã 
ллĸ 
㣬кǣ 
ҾæȥҪʲô˵¶飡̺ţ 
ǣ¶æӦš 
ͷ֣ϰһȥ֣ϰ͵ͽ˼Ի 
Ʒɫأʱ̨ϣʱϰ£˵ĵġ 
ȴطŵ˵ 
Ӧһˣڣͩǣ֪һûݵʯȹµҲڡƷһۣлΪǽãԴףǹҲ١Ʒһۣǽõʲôطֻ˼ˣ֪ 
ƷɷǳĬüһﲻ 
ֶӿʼ֡ 
Ⱦ˷ܵĹ 
һݣ̨ϡƷɡ衢Ҳרע 
̨ϣɿͯȳһӮæŶ͵ͽܣ 
飡 
鿴һֵ̬ĳţ 
ž۶úѽ٣۶ԱߵһŮޣѽ٣ͷϴһ֦ϴɴƵһˣССĽһ˼Ͱ˺ɷѽ٣ѽ٣ 
ɽεεŮӳٶס۹ӹмһһɨ׶Ųӯһգ˦ӣ 
һӻףľػƣֻҩĵһţѽ٣ڻĽǰһͯͷŲñ£ںѣţڶﳪĶ䣬ѽ٣ 
ֳ裬̾ˡ 
ƷӣȶƷɵʯĽһעӡƫƫˣ΢Ц˵ 
ϴأƷ¶ģҪȢؼҵǸˣ 
ü 
̨һγ꣬񣬽кϣּˡ 
û治ɤӣְ࣬ҲûСطҲίˣߣǿԵȥչһ£˵ 
Ʒó˼ɫࣺ 
㲻ΪǲˣֻһʱڣҪ̯ӵģ 
ӿڣ 
Ȼչҵϱûͷ¶棿ÿһӦӦȥ辴ƣ 
ɫѿˡˣӣͷ¶棬Ӯֻѵ顣 
Ʒŭɨһۡصһۣͷ̨ϣһֻӡ 
̨ϵȻһתʼһΣ 
ʲô˶ԣϵĻƺʲô˶ʲô˰ؿڣʲô˳ûѽ٣ʲô˳ûѽ٣鳪 
ϵĸԣϵĻƺɰؿڣӳûѽ٣ѽûѽ٣ﳪ 
ʲô˶ޣʯʲô˶ʲô¿ߣʲôƳѹһѽ٣ʲôƳѹһ鳪 
³үүޣʯʥŹ¿ߣүƳѹһѽ٣үƳѹһѽ٣ 
   
ѣ֣䶯Ҳóˡ 
ųţͳǰˡ 
ֱٽƿ 
ʲôͩʮţʲôϪڻɽׯʲô˰ҹħƣʲôС绢ǣѽ٣ʲôС绢ǣѽ٣ 
һչ˱ɫ 
󾪣ʲôʣ޷ŵĿá 
ƷɵɫʱˣĿǣȫ񶼹עǸϡ۾ 
ҲٿȻɫ࣬ŭɶ 
ܹܡҢǸ 
òˣֱ֣ϰ塣֣ϰԽҡͷʾʱ޿κΡ 
ﳪˡ⡱Ϳʼ𰸡ߣŹ⣬һι֮վˣ裬żܹܺҢһһ䣬ĳ 
չͩʮţչϪڻɽ׳չҹɰҹħƣչС绢ǣѽ٣չС绢ǣѽ٣һ߳ţһŭָ衣 
еĿˣûпġϷеչ裬ڡ֮࣬еģͱ׵ͷкҷ׷ΪùơֱﵽȺ鼤ĵزȫҪˡ 
貪Ȼŭһӣվʹ 
쵰òͷһҪҳӲŸˣǲǣ 
Ңͼܹһһʹ 
үڣ㲻Ҫ֣ǲһܹ˵ 
ɫ࣬һӣûܹô衣 
ܹܣʣˣ 
Ѿ꣬˫˫̨һϹ̨ȥˡ 
æкһЦ˵ 
֪ߵغүӱǼƽϣǸ 
һ䣺 
ˣߣ 
ܹ϶һŴ󳮡衢ҢƷɡվǰͷߡ衢ܹܡҢϽߡ 
Ʒǰһ˵ 
Ȼȥ͵ 
ˣݺݵĿƷһۣһﲻȥˡ 
ԶԶģ֣ϰҾһҾĻһҾ 
ˣƷɣ 
ʱ㲻ƺ𣿡 
ƺֹһƷһŭĵʹ˵ϴڼİɽׯķ棬һôʱ˿̣Ǹüıǽôˡ 
Ƕ˼ȥ롰ܹչչҹɣ˶˷ܡصױ䣬ͼ֣ҡţţ 
㿴Ǹչҹˣˣ 
ֹչҹһˣˣ˵ 
ù񫰡һ£չζöˣҹܱҹ˯žŹʡǼİɽׯյԺֵһˡ 
ſڣһӿˣ 
Ǻܵ⣬𣿡 
ͷ߽ 
ǽҪҵ̨ôô໨䶼䲻꣡ôԶչүӳЩ߰Ķ 
鱳һͦ 
ûþƣûӣûж֣СǾͳСҲ𣿡 
˵вأָźͺ˵вУ 
ûָźͺָͺͺͷβգȫʵûԩһ֣ 
գ˵ĻҪǲ˼üëϣ˵ 
оǺУʲôðģͺŸ´һҪҸýͷβ˻ᳪǵǶ飡 
飬ֱЦԷǣ 
㻹ҪΪǸչ㳪ֵúܣ´λҪǳңչһȻһӻңǽ˭ĵӣ 
ȻҲǸжѡ˵ 
һ죬Ů˻ͷƷվſڣɫࡣں档 
ҿԽ𣿡۹ͣϡ 
   
￴Ʒɣһ飬һʹ 
ȴæȥ 
ǽһģȥȰȰүӣǧҪ֪ǽõĸԣģǳһӣ˭չҵˣ 
˵꣬һú̸̸۹⣬תˡ 
鿴Ʒɫƣ⣬ȷ˵˵ 
ǳģôôǲԲ 
Ʒסĸۣ 
ҪôҲ֣ǣôͬأҪ裬ûйϵǣǲ裬ҵѽ֪쵽Ҫ㣡ǵһӣľ֮٣ҵôµ̨֪𣿽ܴģ裬ң 
һŤ 
˵ҸչңעԵ 
Ʒӹһʹ˵жôʧ 
ȫںңһ㶼ںǲǣ 
ɫҵǿ 
ûа취ںô࣡չҾһʱ򣬵һͬʱ򣬵չһ𣬸ܵܵʱҵĵˣ 
Ʒɱ˱۾һ 
ڲ֪ܵʲôζˣ 
ҿ֪޽֯ʲôζˣĽӿڣ˵ʵⲻһ£ΪĻӹôչ裡ƽһΧ߸蹦̵£ʹҲҺ飬ҪһڵȥˣϺúõķʡһ£Ͳչǡǡͣס벻ʵݴʡ 
һֻҹɶѣĽӿڡ 
Ʒ̧ۣ飺 
뿳Һݸ飿һͬĶû𣿡 
޿̣ 
ͬ飬ҵȻͬ飬ͬұƭĽ㣬ͬΪѵĽףչƷɣ 
Ʒɱת 
¶ģҼˣǲǣ 
תͷȥ 
ǣͬҪͷҸ˵öΣǲҪ 
ƷɶĿ٣ 
ọ̀ȥ룬ҪԵĺ֪ǸͥҲڰĵλȥ֮ҪУһңһ㶼֧ңȥ¾սΪջ㣬ȻҵɵˣΪһǶȫսʲô 
ͷ˵ 
ƷҡҡͷеĻ䣺 
һˣĺʹ࣡ߣǸɢˣ 
һ̧ͷ 
˵ʲô 
Ʒģģ˵ 
˵ǲ硰ɢˡ 
˵꣬Ҳͷߡȥˡ 
ܴܵ׷뺰Ӳסӣһĵĵʹס߹ȥһ仰û˵ֻǰͷӵڻС 
Ʒɴĵʹص˵ˣǡܵСΪһ籩ڵȫ˶ۼڴһŭ۹⣬ڿһָĴ 
ʲôɶҪɢһϣҪȢҶ 
õ⣬ȻùѪͷǣǡģƷɣ֮ϲˡ浺żƷɣһֱʹɫκעǸʹ˵ 
ǽĸ裬֮⣬һ㷴ʡû𣿡 
ʡʲôзʡҪʡʲô 
ô֣Ƿʡ룬ҲȥһɣΪʲô˼ҽÿˣ᲻һУʱĸʣǰȥǳЩʲôǲˣûмޣô 
ŭǰһ粽 
֪֪ҪʣתƵˣǼʧ£Ѿ˵ٴΣҸ˵ˣǳԽǼˣǴŵˣǴЬˣҪʲô׵úܣأ޵չ̣أթһǮ 
ܹ̽ӿڣ 
ԶԶԣҵĿһ̫Ļˣ㿴ǳʱҪ۾ҪƮƮȥкǾϵ¥Ҳˣǽϰ壬ĸ֣ϰģãȻ֣ϰҲе㲻Ǭ 
Ʒϣ 
壡ſڿӣ°𣿡 
ܹһҢ˵ 
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ܹ߹ȥĺƵƷɵļ磺 
ƷɣҪ侲һ㣬֪һѽͩǣ֪жٴҹأģ᲻þأǧҪǵĵ 
ƷǱһһ䣬ÿըˡ˵ʲôѾԽԽܻĽУ 
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Ʒۿ־棬̫˷ˣ̲סˣ 
Ӵ˵ϴѽҲҪۣѾӣ㻹ҪϲǸĹ㻨ǮСҲˡ 
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ƷԼŪľ棬ʹЦ 
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һԼĻ̫ˣ˿ת䣺 
Ʒɣ֪Ҷжߣ֪ؼңǻϲòˣչҵһҵӹܣ䣡ҶİΣ趼Դף㲻ûоˣӦ 
ҴӲһ㣡Ʒһʹ 
ˣҽ췴ҵĹΪãǹ㳪ڣĳԲƽϣǣƷ緶ĵòǫͣԼԳءѡϱĻҪɣ 
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⣡Ǵҵ⣡ 
ǲһֿ˵ƽʱһ룬˼ҿһֻһҼҴţ뵱չҵ̣ȥˣϿʩ㻶ϲǷļƣôһʱ֮죡ϣδĹǲǰͽᶼΪʲôǻ 
ʵˣ۾Ʒɣһʱԡ 
ۿֱ˵ˣͼĲ 
ĵطѽ 
ܹݣΪܹ˵ 
ԶԶԣܹݣΪòˣϺ 
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Ծڴˣúһɣ 
Ʒ˵꣬תͳ˴ 
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ÿϣȥǰžȥڣҲ֪ȥǶֻð 
Ǯׯȥʣһ£ãһոࡣ 
ϣƷɺͰڽֵϡ˵ 
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˼˵ϲø﷢ƢƷɷ˵ 
ҾͲ֪㷢ʲôƢ˼пԭû㣬ȫǶү˭үһһһˡӣһƢǸͶүǸܵܣ𣿡 
Ʒķң˵ 
㲻ûоָ飬㲻˽⣡ĵң͸ðҷڵһλ͸ںҵӡ󣬾͸ںҵĸоͨͨںһںδ̫ˣ 
ǲ˽ⰡôҪɢˡ𣿼ȻҪɢˡصΪү󳳣 
Ʒɸ꣺ 
˵㲻£ϣҡģ 
㲻ҪקģһקҾûˣðɣȥձأȥȥأ 
ʲôձüǧֹǲжǰҵɵˣȥʲôңȻȥ 
ϸ 
ȥǡǸһֱߣ 
Ʒվס濴ҵ˵ 
ȥͷ֣һգͳ±˿죬ҵڵʣȥزͥң˵žߡ 
   
ô磬ȥ칫ǰȥ 
⻢ͷֵҵһңȫղصĴʣ治֪Ҫôźã߰ɣúõȥ£һ죡 
ץץͷͷʹӡ 
Ҫȥ칫ǣϴǮ 
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16



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̲Ĳ죺 
룬ǿ¥ѣǲҪ˺ȽϺãתͷ룬ǸչƷܲ˵ʾأ 
Ҳ֪룬ȥ˵ģǣؼҲдˣϢһ֪ͨǣ룬ҲģڶûҾûʲôˣ 
˵ˣչֻںСӣӸƣ֣ϰ˵Сȥ˵»еã 
۹⣬һֱ֣ϰ壬ü 
ǲǡߡûСϱߡǲµչң 
˵ʲô֣ϰɫˡ 
ǡôᱻǿƣأ 
˭˵ǿƣ 
ǡ㻹ȥŸʾˣǶǶ𣿡 
㶮أĸʾֻеȾңҪȻٵһͩǲҪˣȦվŽöˣˣǾͲҪԽˣĿǰǽϢ죬һӣµ̨ңǴǰӣòã 
ϲ֣ϰȻһЦ 
Ҿ֪һа취ҪȻôΪ֣Ǳأ߹ȥס֣ϰĸۣ˵һɫ֪㲻Ǻ۸ģвУãǵǮׯׯӻׯʲôׯˣòã 
֣ϰֺֺЦ°ͣ 
龫ֵѾͷ˵ˣҰ㱨ǲǣ 
һЦ 
   
ҵĳ𱨲С£˿֣ϰǴˣչңڡϱߡţҲˣŵߡŵ¥Ĳں𣿡Ĵ۾ӯӯȻĿ㣬Ҳģ 
һǣ 
˵ɣм䣬תҶһϱսʲôôΪ֣ϰ屻һɿ𣬾ͻȥŶûУ 
֣ϰüë΢΢һЦ 
ĻȷʵмֵĿ飬л˵·ܳߣ߼˻ˤӣ֪æأˣߵſڣͷ˵ֻ˵ǲܱݣû˵ǲܳڴ¥飬ҶǮɣҵȷ 
ǣӦš 
֣ϰͽˡ 
һߣͶ鲻ΪȻҡҡͷɴۡ 
ʲôҪ˵ 
Сһ㣬𣡡 
̫ˣԴӼİɽׯԺ󣬵ǻ𣬲涼УǿĴţҿǸ๫е㿿סץס֣ϰ壬ȫңֻȥˣĬȻģǸ๫ʲôأ 
Ʒһֱ浣뿪 
һӾѡˣ浵ġͷɷƷɣһθ˶Էᣬ˴˶̣Ҳиˡǣ˵ȴŻòˡòף԰Ʒɸϳȥӣֹܴˡ 
ҢҲŻ˵ 
̫̫һпƻãȥ˰죬ƷҲˣүȻȥƷɷոգүҵȥ˵죬ͳ¥ڡİӣ㿴̫̫һ֣Ʒɸ㲻ܲ 
һ裬һרעš 
ˣ 
ôأֱңôѾ׿ڽȻȥʲô˼ǹһ񣡡 
絹һ裬ֵһҢ̲ס˵ 
ĺܲãʲôơ磬ǴҴСһ𳤴ģһҪֳɣһΪʲôƽദأƷɲһദѽһֺãͻỹʮ֡ 
绰û˵꣬ͱ׵ĺˣ 
ʲô鷿һû㣬ƷҪߣһ˫۾͸˼ת̬赹ñ˭죡˭ţŪŪָ첲䣬ڿ˵ããҺ磬ǻ쵰ǲǣ 
ҢæվȰ裺 
ô˵˵Ҳᳳ磬ҲǵģǺǺ֪һŻͲ˵𣿡 
粻ŵĿҢ 
磡ҲңǡѾƷ·ˣѴＱòˣǻ⣿磬ǲǵСʱ򣬴кóԵģкģֻҪƷУ;ԲǸһݣǲжҲˣǣ̫𣿡 
豩 
ҢԼ˵ʲôÿǶң˵Ҷã㿴˰ɣ˰ɣֻǸαӣһ쵽 
籯˵ 
ҽʵ̲ס˲˵ˣܻú޸ 
˹ȥһѾץĸۣ 
ʲôлûҽͽͣôû˵˵ 
Ťţʹֱȴ¸ҵ˵ 
ףúиƷǳ߹ͻΪͻߵÿ˶ãһʴȵģĺӣܸѧѽ 
ʲôӣһ 
Ңˣǰһ壬ʣ 
кˣǲǣǲǣ 
ĵ˵ͷ֪Ǳϲ˵ 
룬ǵġ 
ҢæץŵĽУ 
裡㻹֣ 
輱æ֣һ˲Ҳ˲Ŀ 
㡰ˡ㡰Сˣ 
ĵͷҢæСİ¡Ȼ̧ͷ裬˰죬˷ܵһơ 
ۣϲϲϲϲҢС 
һ֣ 
ۣҲҲȥߵȥ 
쿴˵òأûȷأ缱æס 
ʲôȣ˵ˣһˣ 
ͼĳȥ嵽԰һ·ţһ·󺰣 
Ҫүүˣˣ壡Ҫ⹫ˣˣҶѽкϢ 
һУƷܹۡܡѾͷǼҶǶˣӸ䱼Χ 
˵ʲôϲˣ˷ܵʡ 
ģģ 
ƷüЦһĺ 
ѽϿȥܴϣСѽгɩȥⷿǸϺõĵ˲ζ 
Ѿͷһææµµ 
ܹ־ϲҢ̫ĵʣ 
Ϣȷ𣿲Ҫôҿջϲѽ 
Լ˵ģûˣǸƢûаٷ֮ٵİգ˵𣿡 
һǻϲżܹ֣ܵȵţ 
׼ңĺϢҶʮˣűһѽҵȵͷˣȵＱˣƷϱûУҺȢ硭׼ңҪھϯҪھϯ 
־ǷЦĺţ 
ʲôѣÿ㱧һ㲻ָƷˣָҾˣ 
ƷЦز£죺 
ǰǰһһ 
ֲ֧Цտ 
㣬ҲһϢҵķգһ룡 
㲻ҪˣѽҰ鹣Ұ㴫ڽӴеøˡ 
ԺһƬӶˡѾͷҶҲϲ԰зƷɱˣվ浵ĴǰŴ־ 
   
˹Ҳš 
Ʒһͷ浣һ 
ô´ˣ 
΢Цţ 
Ѿûˣ㲻ΪҵģƷɣſΣϣҲұӡֻҡˡ 
Ʒס뵽޶࣬Լǰ;ããӡңңڡĸף΢СģȴʵֵΣУͱε׽סˡ 
Ʒֱ죬浵ĲȶˣʱȥСԺ 
￴;ϲˣ 
ôһ磬ʲôѾҵˣӦҵʾѾܲˣǶϢ죬ûйϵģ˵ǵнˮôڼܳʲôͦ𣿡 
һˣǧǧŲ¡ҪϢҪſģԱߣڡҸϳ˵ҳüѹ 
ʲôأĵʡ 
ҽ˵ﳤһҽ˵иƦ顱֮вõĶ 
û취𣿡 
ƷĬĬҡͷ 
СıԺһǣһֹʱСҪȥѧˣ׷档ţ 
㲻Ҫһֱȥóϰˣ˻Ϊث֣ûйϵ 
ӷ׷ 
ô˴ܣȥ飬Ǵܵģ 
ǣͬѧ۸У˵ 
һסСģ 
ͬѧ۸ô۸㣿 
ûУûСһһΡ 
ô۸㣿һ۸㣿˴𣿡Ҳ׷ʡ 
ûУûУ˵ûУû 
֣лֻ˵˵ 
   
ΪˣǶŮ 
ɼȷʵ۸㣡㲻Ҫż˵麰 
ô£Ʒɿ 
Сģ˵Сסˣһţ 
мͬѧһֱ˵һֱ˵ 
˵ʲôʡ 
˵ǵĻ˵ĹﶼǲǬġ 
һСľߡ 
һ˵ģҸȥѧУȥ 
ȥȥһ 
ʲôȥ 
СĵĴ磡ǵѣ 
Сż 
ǶҪȥҿԶԸǣҲ£ѾҺöˣҪܣһǴ仨ˮȥˣһᱻЦ 
С˵ĶԣƷɵͷѧУ磬һССᣬܰĵطҲпĵطǺǻСĶֻԼȥԣ 
СͦͦһҪսӡ 
ˣ 
鶼鲻Խ׷ſڣ˶һѹһĲġ 
ǵʦҲ𣿡ﺰ 
ʦǡû֡ҲŲôͼ˵꣬ͷͦأˡ 
СԶˣԽ˵ 
ҸȥǷģԶԶĿţӦ⣬ҲˣҪȻҲԿ˵꣬׷Сȥˡ 
ܲһ˦ͷȥ 
Ʒɵͷͷһæο 
ҪС´򵹣ܱ˵ʲôƷʣ˿Ӱ죡 
Ȼͷ˵ 
Ǻܲпģ󲿷ݵˣСĵͬѧһ͸Ƕλˣ 
Ʒ֪˵ʵ飬Կɴˡ 
İܿͱˡȥ׷СģûþͻˣĹʣ۾Цһžͱֻţŵ˵ 
Сĺ˲һȭһȣԴһײͬѧȫ˿ȥǸף۴СȻСҲ˺ü£ûռˣƯˣҵĺͽܣЩӣûа׽һӣ 
Ʒɡ顢ССȫĿɿڴ 
ۣĸôѽСݵ˵ 
û̫ţһôܲԿܻɡ 
Ҹں棬Կ򲻹һȥæˣ 
ǣͬѧӣԺô죿𣿡ż 
óϷĺţ 
ĲòСˣӦ÷ǳãû˼ܣʦˣ׷ʴܵԭСľȻһ翸Σ˵ͬѧ۸˵ǴֺţֻЩͬѧշˣҿԴƱԺû˸۸ˣ 
٩٩̸ţҲշˣ˵ 
üɫ裬ĵĺ 
СֻʮҮҳ 
鿴Űĵĸж 
СģͶԵҾͰˣúչ 
Ҳ飬Цʣ 
ǲǱʾǵĵ⣬Ҳһʹˣ 
ûа취ȥһչҵܵܵˣ̾ 
Ʒ̽ӿڣϿҵ˵ 
ôһˣܺ𣿡 
һ̧ۿƷɣֿ 
ͶˣҶǣͶƷ˵ֻĽףչƷɣһ죬Բһͱһ󣬾ԲʹֻĽףչƷɣǾˣ 
ƷͷʹĿ΢΢һЦ 
ѧһ仰úܺã·ܳҪߣ߼ˣˤӣ 
Ʒˣţ 
ˣҲסˣ˼ 
Ңӣ˴¥ſڣŵߺţ 
飡ˣ⡰ڡΪֹǻлңҿҸү顭 
躰һ룬̧ͷһ¥ǰĸʾͽҵˣһ㡣 
һע⣬¥ڣĸ˴Ң 
˭ʾˣôĵӣ˭ǽֿģ岻˵ſȡ𣿡 
Ңò죬ץץͷ 
٣Ҳ㲻Žˣ˵椶¥һǧɣԣǾͻȥܾ˰ɣ 
дôɣĸʾԽҵҲ̫ˣŴҺ 
һ˽ȥͨˡ 
ϳ󣬻֣ϰ塣üЦ˵ 
ӴչүˣһΪǴ¥㣬ҲأúãǰĲ죬ҶϣѾͷѾζˣðˣ 
ʢ˵ʣ 
㣡˭ſڵĸʾ 
û˵֣ϰϾĿˣ 
ǸʾǾԽҵģѾˣôչү֪ 
һ㣬֣ϰ壬ŵģ 
Խҵģ 
Ц˵ 
ѽ¥أɺسѾͷĳƶӳ¬ֳȫ嵽룬Ѵ¥ˣÿϧչôմأ 
ɵˣͷҢҢ룬Ķ֣ϰһЦ 
Ŷԭ֣ϰ壬ôӣǡ֣Ǳ 
˵˵֣ϰЦš 
ɫʮѿæǰк 
ҲҪվſ˵ 
֣ϰ忴裺 
ձ꣬أ͸ϰĵȺͣҪҪ棿Ѿͷϴε£ѾˣҲˣ˵ǲǣ 
ǰǰôǶӺС椶ܳŴЦŽӿڡ 
Ʒģ֣ϰ˵ 
ǺûʲôǮҢ· 
Ц 
ûǮûϵܴǮ߾ͺˣ 
չү֣ϰаţȰ㻹ǲҪģϰѾðˣš 
һͷȥ 
ǲҲǡߡģ 
Ǵ߽¥Уһ֣һ顢¶СæϲϾơ 
̨Ѿ˱װ˶׼Ц˹ 
֣ϰϴƣ裺 
ƾţСƾţ 
Сƾžͺãһۣ죡ƾȥ̫鷳ˣ 
üҲϲ򵥵ģģǴһ 
һɣϰ˵ 
ǰĵ𾢣ϰҲ˵ 
ׯׯ֣ϰ衣 
ׯӭѺѺԽԽã˷緢 
ãׯš飡׼룡֣ϰƸ衣 
һг룬ߵǰȻһЦ 
չүҪǮĳ룿 
̧ۿ 
ӴʲôʱôȻչүûбʲôѽ 
ŻˣԺ󲻸ˣ˲С˹齿Ц˵ 
ǸǼٵǸأбҿǡŲģ֣ϰʲôأǲǣ 
£˭ҳԶɶ񡱵ģ˵ˣ¡ģˣүҵ㿪ʼأҪٿ飿ٿ飿 
裡ô󣡡Ңż˵ 
˵ 
һǧ 
֣ϰЦ 
ҿʼַ룬žͿʼֵĶǮ 
һѾһӣͨԣõ⣬ЦֹȫɨǰڶѣӮˡЦſЦЦţһ̧ͷȻȤˣ 
ߣ˸Ժ죡 
ɫһֻۣ˵ 
Ҹ˵ʵҶһֱǳǳ棬ǼǸϴأϷ 
Ҷźܺ棡ǲǴС˺öīˮҲ˵ 
ѧʺã 
ҾĸγӣȫǺڵģ 
˰ƣܳ˵ܹ 
̸Ц䣬Ӯˡ̫ãЦ˵ 
ѺѽѺѽѺһ㣡Ҫ 
֣ϰһעҸ 
Цӣƣƣ֮ƶãϰ̾ϰë֣꣬ϰһһ㣬һ㣬֡ 
ۣׯҵ̫ˣ飡Ңô廨ӮǮĻᶼգ 
һĵ㣬ڶơ 
ϰ壬ϰﶼߺţ 
㣡㣡 
˷ܵĽţ 
ӣʣӣʡ 
ƣһ룬ȻǸ㡣⸱ƼпǰʶԣҲп㡣ǰʶԣͨԡ㣬Ƽʮ㣬ΪʮʮСƣͨ⡣ҽŵòˣҢơﺰ죬ٿһ룬Ȼ㣬Ǳʮͨ⡣ 
һȻ 
д˭ҰѱʮģСһ㣡ùͷѺѺ 
һƿʼһ·ȥϳ룬ȥƵǰ֣ϰ岻㳲ӦսЦ棬ݹս鲻ס֣ϰﾲţ˵Ңţס̾ 
ɢȥֻʣһҵƻ𣬶½Ϩ࣬ϵĳ룬ȫе֣ϰǰ 
ϰ˳ˣϰҲˡϣʣ֣ϰԶġ費ͣó븶룬ҢסĲԿͷղ顢¶һߴ˯ 
   
һʮƣ 
ǻҼֱ£̫ˣôôأ 
Ңɫࡣ 
һǷ 
֣ϰƿƣվ 
̫ˣ¥ˣչү² 
һΪ˵룺˶٣ 
һǧ˰ٶʮš 
֣ϰ壬ǷţʱһѺ躰 
Ƿţûأ֣ϰЦš 
ùʱͱīɷǩ֡ 
ʱžһˡ 
һ쿪ʼ˴¥ĳͣΪ˺鶷Ϊ˺֣ϰǮģһֵĶݽһĪ˷ȡеȤѪţԽԽִ˲ƣ 
͵ѪŵĴ̼ȥˡ 
෴Ʒȴٵ¥ˡСԸɽǰˮȥڴ¥γ档 
ֵȹһαȽలµӡ 
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17



ҽ˵ӣѵôƽССС岻ȥޡƷɺͰظּˡ 
죬ƷɺͰһոµĽ̤߽СԺѳԺһţŴ죬ӿԺֵܽЦƷվԱ߽ͣ 
һֱãȱһͨߣ۵Ƕ·ʵеûЧʣԣһгǿãϽŰ£Ͳôˣ 
ֱŻͶͶˣҲ˵Ҫгù󣬸ǸݳƷ˵ 
ʳסУһôݳƷأƷɱš 
ССġСܹȥǶȤŨȤҲˣ߹ȥ˰壺 
ǣûһﳵ 
Ǹ𣿰ˣЦøˡ 
죬ȫ嶼ܵȥѧﳵΪֻһͬʱѧǬѷҲȥˣǽΡڽﳵʱСĺСɽŷŷݣЦúøˡƷɣþûЦĻֵĻ棬˿ſţ뵽Щ飬ͶѾΪˡ 
ڳϣΣΣգᵹŬĵųܣܵͷ󺹣š 
˰֣ҪҡҡλεģҪƽ⣬ȣˣˣԽԽãнһţһš 
Сһ߿ͣ 
ŬŬһ㣡һ㣡㣬ѧˣֵˣǲֵˣ 
ǰֵ㣡 
СĴɽϻͷУ 
УҪֵңѧ˱ȽãÿΰͲôˣ 
ҲűȽãڶѧȶܣС 
ųţţ 
ûϵûϵһһ֤ȫ̻ǡ 
˵ţӵһ¡·ɿ컬ȥֻ֡ 
ˣԼƳӡš 
ʲôˣУͷһۣˣôأô죿ô졭 
ͷȽɷɷţԣֳǰȥ׷ӡ 
ɷɷˡˣǰһѽŰɷа˳塣 
תͷתת 
鼱תͷȴƫƫת󷽣ǳӾһ涣嶣죬һǿֱĳȥ 
ƷɡССġСȫعͷﾪ 
Сѽ顭 
ǧһʱ򣬰Ծǰһסӵĺ֪ȻһͣӾͷɵȥ³ӣ𣬴ܵǰһӡƫУùĻɳ˶ײ¡ܵıͷб˺üһ䱻ˡ㣬ͣסˣûм»龪δ̧һͰȻӣĿӣ˶һɲǵ硣 
ƷɡССġСȫ׷˹Ʒɺ 
ˤûУôչ˺飿 
飿վ𣿡ź 
ѾԼڰæˡ 
û£û£ţͷûײ㣿 
ӵϵЦ˵ 
ײûײ֦һ£ 
ǶǶҿһŷְӳһƬֱϹһ˿ڡ 
Сܹ 
㣬汿ԼˤӲ˵ʦˣ 
ұԼѧʱ֪ˣСüۡ 
е㱿Ҹ˵תôƫƫתЦʡ 
ɴ۾ҲЦţ£ 
ôţﻹֵѽѽɷɷģ˵ǿȻǶˣ嶣죬Ҳã 
һ˵ȫЦˡ 
СһŷݣһֱСӣЦúÿġݵ˵ 
㣬ˤúƯݡһɳȥһ 
СĲĴӿڣ 
ǰӵƯȴܹȥӳӣһֽˣڱݹ򣡡 
ԿһۣЦˡƷɶԿһۣҲЦˡССġСͨͨЦˡ 
Ʒɿô֣ôܰ˰ο͸жҲˡĵģ뿪˴ߵɽվŨ£Ըưգǧɽ˶кĸп 
ھôԺҼֱţܰһ죡״סˣҵ˿ҲȫˣҵĺޡƷĵˣ飬ƺӳѹˡһУʹҶδֳϣƣǴҲȥޣֻȥԹúÿ֣𣿡 
˼ƺûƷôֹۡ 
㲻Ҫʱƽƭס֪ãԭ򡣡 
ʲôԭ򣿡 
ҲˣǸܵܣܵ鹣˺öǮ֣ϰ͸ϰǣѾɴ¥ɢͯˣֻҪչҹɵ鹣ͻ֣ܿǣĺޣǲӿʧģ 
˺ܶж٣Ʒɲܲġ 
ҲÿκӮСģģԽԽͶˣ룬ҲƣŲںǮǣЩ֣Żңˣ治ƽһϣǧ˰ٵ䣬࣬һӶôǮ 
ôʲôأҼȻǮʲôҪʵģôأƷɺܾ졣 
ǾҵˣһֱǷʣ˺öѺ 
Ʒ룬ЩġٿٷٻӰ棬ʵڲĻƻõգ˦˦ͷӰˤߡ 
ǲҪˣȥɣץס֣۾ȥо仰Ѿ˺þãܲ˵ˣԸԸ뿪¥֪Ӷ˵ʹ࣡ÿЩ㴹εˣϰ¡ţŻõģӣʵһּ尾 
һͼ 
˵ˣǺںҵְҵʵļһĴӵģ 
ӣʹ 
˵úʵϣӣǸŮʲôģʹҲҪ˴򽻵Ͳᡰʹˣ 
ҳϣȷʵѵΪӦú̹Ȼ𣿵ǸϰɫԵĿ㣬ϰû£ȥС֣ҪȥӦӦ˳ҪȾơΪӦ޶𣿡 
̧ۣĵĿ 
֪Һ֮䣬⻹Ǻܶܶ࣬һûнϣҶչҵų⣬ûмһ˿һҺǰһҲ޵չңȥչҵĶϱҵϿأȻδûգԸڴ¥ʳԸⱻ㡰ݲؽ˵ù𣿡 
𶯵Ķǵģ˵úסݲؽ˵ȳΪǸû׳м̵ġϡ˵ʲôɫģֿ˵ 
֣صĸ㣬ȻǸӵĻţȻ԰װףǬǬģ 
ƷȻʹżİֽһգǰ˵ 
Ҳ˼лұ 
 
Ҹ㱣֤һ죬ļ޸㣬ҽģһǸ覵ӣ 
ͺ 
ԣ㲻ҪҵְҵˣҺܣ˳СҲģ 
Ҳ˵ˣҲ˵ˣ־ǣʲôʱҪأңͲ㱻ҡݲؽˣǲǣ 
ϵ˿Ѿˣһգϵ˿ڶûãֱڣÿ˶ӶоѣǻŻĵ㲻ҪǿңʱȥԪοĵҲû׼ýң˫̫Ըң͵ȣ㲻ԸңʱȢˣ 
ˣ˵仰õͱңʹĿУҵȣҵȣҲٱˣܹн죬һССģС壬ЦǰζԣҲٿˣӦȫϧӵеģ 
ͷ˶ĿŶԷһ˽ĻǾվţŷءҰһá㡱ɢĵﵴ˵⣬ǲ;Ȼˡ 
죬ҶúÿģЦúù񫣬ѧﳵѧø˸߲ҡ 
ѧﳵصСݣ鲻ɷ˵ͰѰ䷿ͨϣæŰҩ䣬ǶòȻֽŶ֪ǶšҩССġСȫΧԱ߰æ̫С˼£ƷվͨݵſڣЦĿһĻС岻סڵĴ˿ڣʹĺ 
磬Ұ㴵Ͳʹˣ֪ҩʹ 
㣬ʲôҩСʡ 
ϴҽԺС˵ҩʣºö࣬û꣡ 
Сĺܻɣ۾һɣ 
˵ҩ㣬㲻úҩˮˣҩ˿𣿲ҪԽԽ㰡 
Ц˵ 
ֻҪöҩʲôҩûϵʵһˣͲҩʵ̫Сˣ˵ţҪ· 
ӣ 
𶯣·ҲҰ죡 
ôҵ 
ʲôҵҵģ˵ּĻιιɲԲҪҰҩأȻʲôŰļ򣺡ôŪģϴαչҹɴģǸ˺ˣ 
ǸСʱȥɽ￳񣬱Ұҧһڣ˵ 
ĻǼٵģɴ۾ʡ 
ҰǰҰǴ𣿡С 
ҰǳʲôӣСʡ 
ҧ㣬ôأСļʡ 
ҧңҧ 
ĻǼٵģʡ 
ССġС۾ŵùԲŵĿ 
   
ģʱֻа꣬С󣬸ӣһ쵽£죬´ѩҪȥɽ￳񣬽ƥǣҩֻ֣ŵ˵˹۾һûͱһҧڼϣһʹʱʲô˲ˣſ죬ҲһڣҲûŪҧҧһëͶˣ˭ֻ֪ǾȻҧʹˣ˿޽УһæץߵĲûͷûԵľ͸һҴ򣬴֮ززˣ 
ССġСöˡ 
ۣ¸ңСС 
ֱ̫ˣСĽС 
վűߵƷЦˡ 
üˣǴҰ£ðÿ˺۵Ĺ¶һ飬ܱ꣡ңÿһܾʣ 
ðð磬㽲£С֡ 
Ӱ۹ʢ 
кö˺ҿɷ˵ȥ¡ 
󾽡æס·żĺ 
ˣ˰ʲôÿģ 
̧ۿ۹᣺ 
Ҹ˵Ժɲ԰Ѷҵĳƺʡ֣ÿνĸ֣޲أҵֻ֣ƫҪеôӣ 
һ㣺 
ʲôĸֵ֣ģͿʡ 
͹ˣֿʡˣ˵ 
㣬̧ۿ飬лɣоϲвţ𶯡ӭ۹öˡ 
ſڵƷɣУҫ֮ϲ 
Ӽǡۡš 
ʱܣѧﳵ˶ﳵĸ֡ǰҼΣڣгСģܱͩǵɽǰˮϡ 
Ӵ¥ص˻˯£˴һֱԽĺŸ衣 
飬ÿģǲǣ̲סʡ 
ѽ˸߲ҵĿҸһ£֣ϰ˵չڴڵǼҵѾתˣ 
˭˵ģ֣ϰģ 
ŲȫӮģ̳£Ҹ㲻ǣ֣ϰȷʵϱߡѾһ֣ϰˣҪһһεģϱ߸ʳٹ꣬žûСչϡˣ 
ĸˣֻΪչҹɵĵ𣿡 
ѽÿδ䣬Ҷȥűڣ 
ûԭأҾãܻԭԼ֪ 
ʲôԭ򣿡 
￴һۣ 
飬Һϲ㣡 
Ŷʲôͬ𣿡 
ö಻֣ͬ㰮Ц㲻ÿ˶áԴӵȥԺʱ䣬ģ㲻֪һֵ㣬ÿһ˶ÿ֣ԭֻǱдȾԣ 
𣿡 
ǣҪģ˵ˣ 
˼ 
㿴ǰ˵ǿ԰ѳޣ˵ǿԻñȽϿ֣ھ֤ʵ仰 
鵹ͷۣ컨塣ͷĿ 
ʵ̲סһ仰ǲϲһˣ 
˭װͿ 
Ҳ֪Ҫң 
ʲôˣӱܵ˵ǷҪ˯ˣ۾ˡ 
 
˯˯ֺ˼¶㣡ͲŲ˵ֵ㲻˯ 
ҹЦøġǼˣҲ˾Ϳʼһս˶ЦôһŴѹ֨֨ð죬˲֣ͣ˴˻еһʧѾõܰ鲻̾͵͵˵ 
Ҳ֪ʲôˣֻ㣬ֿ֣ǺþúþöûеģҲòĿȷʵȺ޿֣ 
   
΢Ц̫ˡȻһʵҸ 
Ѳˣ죬гȥϡˣҪ׼ˡ߽һҳׯѽ̤ͣſڡϡ 
ӸҾųߣǿɫĸߣ 
ǣϰܣµ֯УҪҪɫãɫ࣬ǽеӣоͲһ 
鿴ţϲͷǮԥ 
ÿǺÿ̫ˣ˰ɣ 
һȻ 
κһɶ͵ģ 
һͷͿͦſڣЦĿšһ 
˭ҪͣԼ򣡡 
չҵĵˣû취ǮˣЦ˵ 
ҵĵꣿ 
ǰ 
еĳУһӣͷߡ 
ˣ 
ȥƳӣûϳ׷˹ 
ôÿڴ¥棬㶼˵Цֱòˣѵ֮ĳޣڶûҪǶأ 
һӣ˵ģ 
ˣǻһ֮鰡ƤЦ 
ɫһ壬 
Ǹʲô 
ʲôʲôҶԣɶˣ 
ʲô 
ϣþĻΪ뱨伫˼ơʩˣ 
֪ԼмؾͺˣΪҶ˼ҲҪŻ 
ǣԴ˵ʵҶ㻹ŸңһɡΡζ 
еġͷ 
֣ǽøϣŹֵķˣ 
ǡΡ㾡ȥܰɣ˵꣬׼ϳ 
   
Ҫȥһ 
ȥ 
Ц 
ҪܣѾϰˣǸĽҰ⡱Ϸ꣬ҸطȥҪ𣬻ӭ 
סӣԱһˣ 
챾ﲻ棡 
챾ү棡ǰһ 
ңң鵹ˣʼ޷ϳе鷳վˣչһǳ˵Ц 
нޣ㲻ڼǸ׵ţÿڴ¥죬컹й䣬ͲǸš鸴ȼ𣿡 
ʧɫ⼸仰ţʹɫٿȻף 
˵ʲô˭ǰˣǸα˵Щʲôһ𣺡ô˵ģ 
̵֪ˣ 
ĽŲȥ˵Щĵأͩǣ˭֪չүĹأ˭֪Ȣ˼Ңãã磬ɲӴ 
˭˵˵ҧгݡ 
Ҫ˭˭ȫͩǵ𣿱˵Цˣ˲Ѿ𣿡һתٽ˼仰ССİǸ硱ɱиˣֻˮ飬仨Ⱑ 
⼸仰ɰ̵תͷۻ䣬ˡ֣Ļһģһ͸ŭˡ 
˭˵û 
㱾ûҵ·ûʵиһ㣬ǲᣡ 
ʲô˼ 
ң 
ʲô 
֣ص˵ 
ҵļңҵĵҺ裬һ㣬֪֪֪֪֣ңҵĺ޻ΪҳĳΪ㸶ôһӺ 
һסҡͷ 
֡ûʲôգ̫Ѳң֡ûʲôãȻ˵ûûҽˣ 
鷢ˣųӣɫ˶ĵطߡһһȥߵȺ֮УȻУ 
С͵ǿҵǮѽ 
ȺˣһȺ˱֧Ԯţ 
С͵ 
һָ 
 
·ȫΧȥеĺеĺ׽ΧáңϽ̤ɳ۶ȥ 
ȺУ·˾塣 
ҲС͵Ҳǿ𣿡 
·ະ 
ǿ˵ѿû͵ʲôˡ 
쳤ӣۼȥ޵ҧгݣŻȭ 
ľ׷Ž̤ӻؼӳСĺԺŷּпˡ 
ԭ죬浺ȥ㣬㣬ʱ磬һֱиͷѹֺþˡʱѪôѹֲסˡʹ裬ҵСԺҵĲ֮͡ 
浺ŵʱڽС١ȥšһӺݻ浺ʹº͵裬ͳǰ 
ʣǲʣˣѾ 
־󣬼æش 
Ҿǣǡ 
衭æܣǼ̫̫ 
ƷɵĽӿڡ 
٣ˡһȥˡ 
ţûңСС壬֪ǡĽ״硱Ҳææҡ浺ӭ̺ȥ赹ˮСһ̻Сһ̹ӳŵİѲϣٰѹӻŲǰǿЦ˵ 
ûʲôôͣԵӰɣͷСС壺ĸѽֶ浽ͣСС壬Сѧȥˣ 
СС壬һϹ 
λĸã 
úúãùɵӣôװ׾Ư˵ 
С忴浴飬̲סе˵ 
Һܳͷи̣Ǳյģ迴 
Ͻ˵ 
Сҵı˵ǼƯŮİɽׯڻˡ˰̣͹ڻ룬µ˺ۣ˺ۣ 
̸²ʸţЩϲ 
̲סĿС壬οţ 
󣡲󣡸֪ϣиأˡǸСöô 
ÿҶ˯ΪеʱΣҪŲУ 
мĿһۣ 
лл㣡ǸСöˣ 
ǶĻϲģæ˵ 
֪һблҪ˵תͷС˵ 
ССȥ棬ôͲĸ˵˵ 
СǣСȥˡ 
̧ͷ浣˶ģĽţѾ˴롣 
ǰһӣĽ˵ĸ岻ãڣԪ𣿡 
Ľס֣΢΢һ㣬̵Ŀ 
ҵûʲôˣЩʹʹǣСһһʱʱ̶̿Ų£ԣððʧʧˣ˶٣ֱʵʣҸո㺰ƷΪĽס 
װӿ˵ 
ûйϵǲǣССģС壬ҵȡ֣ǻǽССС塣 
浶˺һȻʣ 
İҪһ𣿡 
һûϵֱӵʳ˶ˡ 
ҿʵֱ̫ˣǣһ˵һҪ⣬ҹ˯ţһ˾͸Ӵˣ˽Ʒɵ££ڲˡԺ̹׵Ļشңûʲô˵ģϵ˵š 
̧ͷֱ浣 
ĸİҺһӣ˲ֹһԸ 
𺳼ˣֻݡ۾̶ɲߣ޾޾ᡣӿ޷ֹϲ 
ﰡ⻰˵ˣҵҲˣǣ㰮һ˵ʱһҪеһУ㲻ֻĳһݣȥһݣʹ࣬Ҳʹ࣡ 
֪ԣеʱԸ¸ң԰λ۽ն˿յ˵ 
˼ǡ浲⡣ 
ҲչҵĴţҶԣգչڶ 
ôǽˣղĸǽ˺ӣ𣿺Ӳ̣үүǼ﹩ȷλĳĳڵʱȥڵռҾ߷ɨĹ𣿡 
һ⣬ʵˡ۾Ȼš 
㿴ʵʵȫһƷимңһӿбѲչҵӡǣԶԶѲеһͷʹĵܵܣǺõģǻģһݣ޷гɺüƬѡҪģų㲻Ҫģ 
͵վɫ԰ף 
ĸҶˣ˼ǡҪ뿪Ľף 
Ҳվֿ˵ 
˵Ҳɢǵģˣұֻ뿴㣬ͱƷһȴȻƷɰߵĹһˣ㣬ȫҵϣôѩ˳ȾҲ֪ľϲˣҲƷΪʲôˣ 
ˣĿ˵ 
ԣҲ˵Щﰡҵ˼෴ҪԡչҡԹޣ޸ƷɡҵѾ࣬ûʱ˷ˣƷɵġҲҵġˣʹκҲܽܵ£Ҳһݣ㣬ѵ𣿡 
һƪʹˡĿתĿ浣жʹšΣ˵ 
ĸҺøжһֱΪļͥǸܽҵģһֱ룬ңңҵĿ϶ҵİݣҾã̫ˣ˵ţ͵ˡ 
һᣬǸжһͿȥͰ֣ǰ 
Ӱ֪㰮ú࣬Ҳ֪Ʒɰúʹ࣬ĲĿìܵİţӦóϦصʱȫ˷ѵҽ̹׵ĸ㣬Ѿųˣأų𣿡 
ĸҴûų㣡ҺøмĽףҵôḻջûһ׻ˣ 
̹׵ĻһƬȺ棬һʪ 
ǣչҵķ˰ûҲͬûġĽס 
סˡĿԷθ˵ 
ҪٺˣҪٿչˣòãֻҪϽܡչҡаҲ㣡 
ʹ࣬жͺ˵ 
лл϶ңллңôѹĽһģ㣬Ҳ֪ĽġСʲôҺϣܹΪϱ㹲ͬͬȥĽףǣĸ㲻˽⡭£ʣҵǸϣһֱգ 
̾˵ 
˺ˣڲǿ㣡ܰԼĵܰ˵ĵҲѹֻף㣬Ѿϱˣ 
жˣһĸ˽С 
浽ӵ˶ҲжһͿʪ۽ǡ 
Եʱ̣ܻĻˡһţͼ󺰣 
СϿϣ죡죡и׷ˣ 
浡趼ˣæܵſȥֻ׺ģͷ󺹣ѳһߣȥŴšﾪʣ 
ʲô 
ŵĺ 
죡ҸŶϣ 
ʱѾĵ죬⣬ĺţ 
飡ΪһܣˣϿ쿪ţҾײˣײˣҿɲܣ 
󾪣飺 
ôˣ 
˭ˣӣҺ棬סҵĳӲߣ˦ 
浺𾪼ˡ߹ʣ 
˭ѵ𣿡 
龪Ŀ浺裬Ͻܣ 
Ľ׵裡飡 
黹ûӾѾ裬ѾŵţײţţšѴŸˣ󺰴иͣ 
飡ӵȥҲ԰ץ˵СԺˣԹԸҳҾͲˡ 
鿴浺裬ͻȻˣĽ׵Ҳչҵġˡˡһϲæ˵ 
üˣȻչҵķˣͰаһæǸӴ򷢵УУ 
浻ûô£һӴ˴š 
 
СС꾫һ̧ͷԼ浺裬һôǣ 
浾㵼ˣüͷ 
Ϊʲôײ˼ҵĴţ̫ˣ 
Ҳ㵼ˣ 
ٺ٣̫ˣ룬ˣԺɨһۣеɻ䣺ǲϴҲڣҲڣԭǴڡͥۻᡱ̫ˣǸҽûԵҶײһѣˣǼȻҪסˣ 
˵꣬һ̵ȥˡ 
鼱æŹϡСѾǰץ飬ʣ 
ˡôֳˣȻǵĴţ̫𣿡 
Сŵɫ԰ףͶﻳŶ˵ 
㣬ҼǵǵķˣǣǸˣǸŴħµľ᲻ǵķӣ᲻᣿᲻ᡭ 
 
²£С岻£ûٻǵķӣģġ 
𾪵Ŀţᵽı磬̵ӡ⼸õϡĿţţᵽź޼ɵţţƷ˵֡üľսҲչңˡ 
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18



ȥҵʱƷɱн鷿һʲǰһţɫ˵ 
Һúýһ£ôһ£ͷֵǮȥ 
Ʒסˣ 
˼˵ҰѻͷֵǮõˣǲǣͷǸʣ㵽жûˣЩ꣬ǼܹܣҢڹܣǲǣ 
㲻ùǰֻ˵㾭֮Ϊʲôô࣬˵˵ 
ʱʱӦȥЩծļͥһҼҶм޷⣬ǲҲ̶ãĴ󣬾ΪʢǮׯ԰ǣѺֵǮĶծԽԽֻٽѺŪҵһУڣǮׯкܶݣкܶѺղǮ 
ղǮǣʱöǮ㶼յˣ 
ǲǡյˣҰעˣ 
ʲô˼ 
ΪϳһǡǸ¡Ϊϳ塱ҲΪ㡰塱 
ӣ˼ĵ 
ʲôЩݺ͵Ѻˣ 
ݻˣЩǮ㼸Ҳղ 
ˣˣӪǮׯֲÿۣ㻹ʲôϳһģˣڽᣬЩ˵飬Ҫңǰҵɵϣ㲻ʲô롱;ҪǱ׼ġܼӡҿûаȫǮׯ㣬ҪȻȫˡ塱Ƕȥ 
㲻ҪҲȫôģҾãӦðǮׯĿһ£ղĴʣһ˽ᣬյûģۡ 
ӣŭ 
ҲҪˣҶѾʧ͸ˣܹ˵öԣǾӪǮׯϣҿЩǮ͵⣬һǽ˴¥һǽĿڴԲԣ 
ƷɾһѪֱȥѹԼŸף 
˵ģ㶼ȥˣҸ˵ģ㶼ȥ֮䣬ĺñҳϣȷʵǾӪǮׯϣͷֵҵȷʵ߰㣡˵ҰǮõ¥ϣ̫ԩˣˣҵнˮΧ֮õģҵнˮֻҢһ룡ҾãҶԵ㣡 
ԵңӦúҶϵһ쵽˼Ƕܣ˵ʲôԵңûҷ۾ 
Ʒ仰Ļ䣬Ȼ̾ 
ˣǲҪ̸ˣԶܹͨ 
̸Ͳ̸Խ̸Խ 
Ʒɳ˸׵鷿űǰ߲֡ɡְľסˡͷǰߣ̲סҡͷ̾ߵӭ磬һҪȥ衣վסˣŶԷ 
㣬òã΢Цʡ 
⣡ƷǿЦЦ 
翴Ժеͤӣ 
ȥͤһ£𣿡 
Ʒɵͷ˾ߵͤ¡翴ɫѣǴķ˽ʣ 
̸ò𣿡 
̾һ 
꣬Ҹҵѹǰˣ 
ͬĵͷһ£ 
ˣ̸Ǹˣкö໰һֱû˵ϴξȰллˣ˺ϢҲûиϲҪˣҪúñ壡 
һģ˵۹͵Ŀһֱ΢Ц 
㡭𣿡̲סʡЩ֣Ǹ΢Цǡ顱ġ̫ټˡ 
룬̹ʵ˵ 
Ʒɣö໰һֱѹ滳ǰҿԺ죬е¶㣬Цҡ̹˵ҵĻѾߵ·ˡ 
ƷһʶĿܡ 
㲻¸ǽж𣿡 
ȥӣҹѾͷˣѵúҾ˵ˣ㣬Ҳܸκ˵˵ˣһɺܶࡣҸո˵ҵĻҺ뿪չңһӿǣڣӾңҿҾ㣬Һÿ֣ΪһСһһ찮ָо 
˽⣬ǰӳ 
ԲֹˣǸȻ˵ 
ãȥ̸ȥ룬ҹﲻᱻʹĥò˯ˡ 
㣡 
ԣʱֽҡôӽ㣡 
ϸһ͵Ц 
ǵģұ裬ѾʧʹޣҲŲȥˡǣڣҺӵĵǻṲһݲȡİҾ;òٺˣֻúõĹӣúõദе̰ĵţһɶޣҪԭлΪҶӵĽ 
úøжĿתĿ 
磬˵ҾúøˣðοҲΪ㵣ˣǲǣƼĺƯĺƯ 
ϲõЦˣŹʡ 
ڣԹϲˣ 
Цţĳ˵ 
ϲϲ 
̸ôרע˭ûע⵽ѾˡǴСôû뵽СԺ浺裬ǳʦһӵؼң߽ȣһۿͤ˵ЦƷɺ磬Ȼһ죬Щ磬鸴㣬仨⡭֣ȫһ졣Ϣ˹ȥƷһ󴮵ʾ䣬ʱ÷Σŭ 
ˣʲôǣʲôʲôƯƯƷŴУôܵʲôЩǺľӣȥƭͺˣ˵ʲô˼ 
Ʒɺʧɫ˫˫ƷɼĽͣ 
̸ӡ 
һ 
ҵĺӣҪ̸ʲôʲôʸ̸ 
ǵģ裬ûŪ纰 
㡰Ѿˡʮ˹ȥץסƷɵ½󣺡쵰޳ܣ㱰ɣŹʲô˵˵ֲȫͩǶҵЦ 
Ʒ˫ֺ֣ޡҧгݵ˵ 
˵ЩĪĻ䲻磬湼磡 
ӱףĹֽУ 
䲻磬ϣǲǣҪ磬ͿȢȥƫƫҪҵţֱǸɫǣҺ޲ðˣ 
°˳ȥ裺 
ˣȫȫˣҪǻطȥ˵ 
һƿƵôվȣˤ 
Ʒɴ󾪣˲üɻ䣬־ȥסһŭɶ 
㻹ҶַҮҪϧ񣡡 
   
һ֣ѾͷҶܳƷҲˡ 
Ӵôˣ裬ֺϴ󳳼𣿱Ƕˣ㲻˼ҶкѽƷ۾ 
æڣ 
û£û£ס裺ߣǽȥ̸ѿأ˼ʲôأ 
ҲԸⳳ˾֪Ͼй棬ĶƷɻȭȵƣŭţˡ 
ƷɻĵƷһۣæѾͷҶǻ֡ 
û£û£ɻȥʲô 
ѾͷҶɢȥˡ 
Ʒɫֵ࣬İΣͷǰߡߣżʣ 
ûгԿûб򵽣 
ôû򵽣ÿθСҶġˡУתͷۻڣûϵĵĻ磬֪͵壬ǽͲ壡Ʒɺ޺޵˵ǽͲˡûڽ飬ûǾ䡰˭֪Ȣ˼Ңãã磬ɲ㣡ԼʲôǸ磬ɱиˡĻڷôƢڣеĲ¼ɲԱʼ֢뷢ڡƽصϷţȭͷ󺰣 
ֱҪ 
裡㽲һòãҪüʰͷòãôһ룬컯֮£һͤ˵ʲôĻ䣬Ƕȡ壬ʵ̫ˣ 
ҹݣݣ̫߶ˣѡһĵط̸˶Ŀ׶Ļ㻹ʲôǺ⣬ҵĺëȫһ󲮻Եϱ˵Ưǣ㲻Ҫˣˣѵǰ׳գɵӣ 
Ǹ˼ 
Ǹ˼˵˵ 
ָһɱ䣬ģΪ˵Һڴӣ޵ϣ֣ԣƷɱƼĺ 
绰û˵꣬ͱŴ󺰣 
ʲôСƼʲô롱ѵġ롱ס㻹ס㣿ΪʲôӣͱɡǡˣͻȻ˹ȥǰ·ѹʣ㣬Ҵñӣҵ𣿡 
󾪣۾ŵĵ 
˵⻰㲻ںңƷɣԼҲں赽ĺ𣿡÷ñɣ 
ұɣأΰ󣬺ʥǲǣ޳ܵŮˣ 
Ʒһ˦Ӿͷ˳ȥæֻŶӣˤڵϡ˫֣һֻһ˹ȥ 
ҵĳ裡㹫Ȼڻ԰ң̸˵ѾΪҵЦҶ֪ȢƷɵЬ㻹֪֪԰һʧܡ 
ۿݺŵûɢӣᣬȥ򿪷ţ˳ȥ߿ޱܱߺ 
ңҡ 
ű԰¶ţͼҷɱԶɷһ㣬׷ں棬ġҪܵȥȥҸ״ΪӵǶҾû취ˣҹ 
һһ׷ְȫҾˡ 
裡𣿡Ʒ۾У׷ʲôһ̥ôˣ 
һţ̧ͷ󺰡 
Ұס 
һǰס衣һǰøǱ档 
ңǸС 
ǰǰ 
Уʸ㣿 
ҹţҲҪ֣ 
ڲţҵӣ۸һ˵̥һȣ 
ܹܺҢܻı 
ôˣôˣ硭ʲôˡ 
һ׺͸磬Ϳǰȥ 
ҡҡ 
ܹܺҢ޳ʵŭɨһۣæһһס 
ˣˣܣܣؼȥлȥ˵ 
軹ǶŻȭ 
кӣʲô˲𣿴Ҿһ𣿡 
Ʒܹȥߡ 
Ҫ˵ˣҪ˵ˣȥ 
תۼ䣬磬ˡҡҡͷ̾鷿 
ƷأķҵĶ԰˵ 
ǽͲˣô죿 
ֻܱ־룬һ취ûУ 
ôأӣ̸ʲôԭº͸лԼſûĺҲʵŪףûһĵطûʲôˣģءģûУҲܱ𣿡 
㲻ҪΪˣûˣ˵ 
Ʒص˦˦ͷ˦Ӱӡ 
ȥҰɣ˵ֻǶҲܿԵĹԣ 
æͷǡҵջԲֻƷУҲСᵽңˣ; 
ǣʱƽΪˡһ𾪵ѶϢϣЦһĨأ鿴ȥýЩǣЦ˵ 
飬ҷҪýԷ˭Ҳˣ 
ý۾ϰ¡Ҳ֪˭ 
Ȼ֣ϰϲѾܾˣôô᲻֪أ 
̫̫̫̫𣿡̲ס졣 
ǣһ̫̫̫̫飺ţ̫ȻңԺ󣬿ɾٻ󣬶ܲˣ֣ϰ˵㲻ԸȥסҲɣҪˣֻҪͲٳˣܵö£ֵ֤ܽãȫ 
ʱһŻңĿŽ 
㣬Ϊ㡭㡭żµ˵š 
Ϊ 
Ϊ㡭Ҷ˵¥֣ϰֵ֧ģ˵ 
˵Ҳˣֱʵʡ 
ﲻĬˡŽһ̾Щ˸УЩε˵ 
ԣǺ֣ҾȻ֣ϰýǣߣǰɣ飬Ҹ˵ɣҲˣһ밵ˣһ֧ˣû¥ͿˡԣҺܸм뱨ôãһֱѶϲ죬͸ңᣬѾǳ˼ˣ 
Ҳ˽⡭һǲ˽⣬ΪʲôҪأʡ 
ΪʲôҪһݲɣеĻû㣬ǻбĹ֣ǿң۽ǵƶóˣˣȥһҲϵõĹһͶԵĹ飬˵ʮǰңţ֣ϰ壬ǻǵ֮һԵݣԵģ˱ˣҾͲ˵ˣ 
ǡǡˡýһ뷨֣ϰ壬뱨ǣڣʵһݸ飬Խ飬ͳìܺͿˡ 
￴飬ļĴ˵ 
ǣǼҺôǶˣҵȻǽöģڸС̫ίˣҵ֮飬᲻Ӧģ 
æͷʾ 
һ£ݵ˵ 
飬Ǿͷúõһ룬úõĿǼ죬ǽҲооʮ£ٴҲ١ֻǣÿҪ棬ˣ飬иװɣԱĿˣһźáˣˣ 
ߵſڣվסˣͷ˵ 
ǵ̨ھ¥ﳪСžƱ̺˿ˡһֻŲȽ˷糾Լô룬ݣͲǲڼġŮˣҪ޽˼ȥҡҲˣÿ˶һչƷˣָպû̫̫ʹˣҪҲô׵£ǡúõɣ 
ССԺв֡ӣ˵ 
֣ϰ壬Ҳ̺ˡ 
͵ſڣһ£֪˵ʲôźáĻӲģ˵㵽ѹȵ˶ܵˡ 
ſڣԺһƷɺͰ̤˸кһЦ 
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ͷԽǺúõһ룬һҪˣ 
һߣСͼıȥץס֡ţ 
Ҷˣ㣬Ҫ޸֣ϰ̫𣿡 
СҲżţ 
̫ʲô㣬Ҫ뿪𣿡 
Ʒɴ󾪣˵ʲôͣİһ𣬲֪ģһƹƹңӣȫˡ 
鲻ܹȥ 
ôˣ 
ӣͷҲ̧˵ 
ûôˣҲˡ롭ҵáҳȥ߰˵šϳӣҲƵȥˡ 
æһӣȻƷһ䣺 
Ҳȥͷɿ׷ȥ 
û취ԼһҪ޸֣ϰ壬ˡͷһ𣬹ͼһĲŽ̤Ͽߣӵľͷȥ 
׷һ׷һ溰 
ôʲôһ£ 
ĺ֪ģ𣬾յøˡյҲʹͷҲʹһͷֻǼӿٶȣʹĲ̤塣Сһֱȥ׷С׷ͷ󺹡 
 
ͣ£ͣˣԭα¶ӵøˣȻ䣬һҽУ 
Ӵˡ 
æͷֻѾ˲ɽϣˤһߣأתšһϽ³Ӳ鿴 
ôˤأˤǶˣ 
ڵϣҲιȥˡ 
һ£ľս˹ԣһѷͷ쿴ûײˡĵУ۾ţŵûɢˣ 
ѣѣңһɣȥˮ֪ǶˮвУһô죿ҡҡССĵıͷ֪ôźá 
Ҳ̲סһĴӵĺ 
ʽ֪ͨ㣬ҪҡҾ͸ 
ϲĵŵĵɴۣ 
ûʹȥûˤˣ 
˭ʹȥˣ˭ˤˣٴùͷ¡ 
Ŀ 
ûʹȥôǶأö˶˵ģôˤأôᵽȥأ 
Žë 
ˤǲҪұ̤ںֱŲӺ㣬ͲҪңҸ㣡ҲϲԺ󲻿 
㲻ϲ 
ϲͷܣϲ㲻ңϲ׷ϲһֱҡ 
۾һ˲Ҳ˲Ŀ 
Ҳ۾һ˲Ҳ˲Ŀ 
˾Կ˺һ 
鿴һֱɵǵģһᣬһ˦ͷ 
ˣҶţ٣˵ˣȥģȥҵģ 
ȥӣɿһ˵ 
Ǹˣû飬ʮͱչҵģǴүĸ࣬ûдӡú󡢴̵ꡢ¥ʲôûУ 
һף 
֣Щʲô 
ʱͨ졣Ǳ˵ 
ĳҵĳȥģȥҵģˣˤӣȥԼĳ 
ΣѸٵһ 
˸ңҲûУǸҲû֮⣬ûĻҪ˵𣿡 
Ļ˵ҡҡͷ 
˵˵ 
ң 
˵ĺ 
˵˵ҡͷ 
һһŲűϣ 
һֱΪǸĺӣôô裬ˣ˵˵ 
   
Ҿ˵ˣϲĹϲװͰ͵ģɴ˵ 
󾪣ԭأΣֵͨˡŶһͷɿϳ 
˹ȥһѱס˵ 
ʲôûУһﳵΪ๤ΪչССС塭㣬Ҫ޸֣ϰ壡ҪȻһųһֱܣܵԶĵطȥ 
һʪˡعӣĿģƵģ 
Ҷˣǣ˵ 
סˡ 
 
㵽ûһϲңûһ㡰ҡ 
ǵ첱Ӵ֣ 
ôȥʴүûһϲûһ㰮 
ҷˣ룬㣬Ҳ˵֣ 
֣ 
У 
ˣˣ 
һҲУ 
Ұ㣡 
һڣ˶סǺһͷĺŴ۾һľϲȻָͷЦ˵ 
֣Ҫ֣֣ۣһһһһܲ𣿡Ȼ뵽ʲôʵʣʲôҵڣ֪ʲô 
˫һ֡ 
૵ţ 
ϲ̧֡ͷƵ˵ôң 
ʲôŵʡ 
㡰ˣû֣ϰףǲԤһӲ˵أҲ׷㡱ǲǾͿҼ֣ϰأ 
 
ǡڻҪҪ֣ϰأ 
ҿһ£ 
㻹ҪǡʲôҸ˵ 
ǣүһ㣬ף 
飡ҡҡͷ̾˿ 
òײŰһƺ㶨ˣҪ˵ʲô 
һͣˣɴۣ 
û취ôһӾˣ 
Ϊҹ˰Ҫ˵ߣһ£Ͷ»ȥˣ 
˵˵Ҫ⡰˰Ļ 
ɫģֿ˵ 
֪ʲôСʹˣҪ֣ϰ壬Ǳһ̸ţʹͷۻֻӳǸԺӣһһôǿҵĸоںң㲻Ҫ֣ϰˣˣΪж۾˽УЦˡϵӵסӵסȫ磬ʲô˵ˡ 
һܣȻʧ١һ硣ƷɣѾһ£̸ˣ浵ãĴ֣֡ʵϣѾƷ̸ˣ˵ʮֵչףһҼʮ֣ۿʪˡõ£û̸ȵͰѾҵƻʱˡͿѴ¥ʱҲˡ߽ƷɶǿһΡ 
Ǵʲôεʣᵽ˱Ƕа˱Ҷˣ 
ĿתĶ 
ҽСȥ٣ǽ첻ˣȥһ٣һ֣ףף 
ףʲôʡ 
ףǶˡƷҲĿתĶŰ 
ʲôףģԽˣͩǴкü٣ɫһ 
ǡףüֻΪһ˶ģƷʡ 
   
ȻĿƷɣƷɶѯüëһ죬û˵ʲôС˽ 
üˣ˵˽⣬úϢúÿǣ첻ҲԲ 
СĶ¹ΣУ 
꣡ȥԿѼѼ꣡ 
ձ꣡˱꣡Сӿڡ 
һ˾ͻϲϲȥҾ˵ĳһ٣ЦĻŭšϣڻؼҵ·ϣƷɿʼ󰢳 
ﳵȥˣʧ˴죬ȥʲôˣöҴʵ 
Ǳ֪Ʒô룬ɲץץͷ 
ûʲôﳵߣ 
Ŷôãֻߣôʱ˵ɫأ 
ʲôԣ 
ð㲻˵Ҿȥ飬˵ʲôˣ 
ʲôˣȥ˵˵׵úܣƢҪɱȥ鷳 
úãҾȥ˵ƢҪƸƣ 
ͷ󺹣 
ǧ˵ᵱ档Ȼˣ 
ţֻƢԺ֣ϰȥԽɣ 
ƷɣϵЦȫȥӲ˵ 
˵֣ϰ壡 
ŶҪ˭Ʒˣ㻹˵Ҫһʣһѽ۲أ 
һ£Ҳ̲ס˵ˣ 
Ҫ˭˵֣ϰ壬ѾˣĻһҲʡ룬㣬ʲôʸȥϲ飿˼ǽѽԣҾ͸ʮҵģиף 
ƷɵֺֺЦ 
ӣ˵Щʲô 
˵ѽһֱҡܵ˽ѽ 
˽ûУ 
ֱ 
ˣүϲϲ飬ҵȻϲңϲϲң롭˾ŲʮֻǣûԼĵλ 
Ʒɫһ 
ûи㣬ϲ 
ǣ 
Ҳʽ֪ͨ㣬Ҳϲҡү 
ҽʲôһ 
СĽסɣ 
Ťôеùߣ 
ǲǵãʮ꣬ҾͰ˺ˣ 
Ҽǵãʱ͸ңʱ뿪չңȥԼ£ 
ƷЦĿԵ˵ 
ԣ£밮ˣ˻ţ壡ǲͣһͶϵֵܣһ߹ϵرҲҶȹѹأԶԶһѣκˣǵĵλƽȵģ֮䣬Ͳн׼λֵ֮ģȣ㲻Ҫٸ˵ЩĻֻҪö֮ĸ־͹ˣ 
ô˵һĻøжþȡ 
Ҳ˵ЩƷˡ 
һ 
һݣ 
һݣ 
ƷɴЦ̫ˣһ죬ǳһҪסһ𣬴ССС壬ۣѾһֵĴͥˣ 
ϲεƷɣ̲סҲϲ 
⡭㳣˵һ仰 
һ䣿 
Σ˶˶ԡΡԣƽȣ 
ƷɶĿŰЦ˵ 
㲻ãٹʮ꣬ᵱң 
ͶˣӶЦ˵۾Ź⣬δ㽺ϣ 
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19



ƷɺͰиΣиϣиĿ֣иİչҸǵѹأǵʱȴ⡣ǣɲȻûôͳ 
һ֣ĸ˼ܹܸӵĴŭȻϵ⣬һ١ֶַģؼҡʵŲںزؼңǣһӶǵ˵ζ̫ˣֻѹǻŭǿǿӻȻ˼ңһֱƲ֡ӣЦֻƷɵʱŻ֡ʵû취סԡԣһ磬ͳţź뵽ȴߵ飬Ǻ޵£;ȥ飬£ǸĽҰ⡱Ϸ꣬ߵӿڣһۿСĳȥѧ͵ſڣվסˡȹһ˵ 
Сıǰߣ׷溰 
¿Ҫ̰棡˵¿磬ȥ 
㲻ҪͰ桰ʧ١ϷҲϣСЦ˵ 
ȥȥøһѧȥЦ 
СĻͷϣӣĿ飺 
㣬ǲϲѡ񰢳ɣȥ֣ϰ̫ɣҸ˵ǸӢۣǸӺѡû 
ϿϿȥҪٵˣ֡ 
Сһ̵ˡ 
𾪼ˣôҪ֣ϰ壿ңͰһ֣Ҫȴǧ֮⣬ֱɺޣȥС顢¶ֽСԺſڣһ 
飬ϻݼ𣿡 
ܰɣ 
ĽǣϢҾˣÿһϰ࣬ҹ°࣡˵ 
¶ļ磺 
ҪܳúһãҲ֣ 
һûãһƯӿڡ 
ϣչҹɽϲ֣ҪӰ࣡ࡣ 
ǿɲ̫ףǡҹɡ˵ 
ǮҿԷֺ죬ҲչҹɡɡҹɡˣԭǼһյģЦúòá 
һðǡӵŭһըкȻը 
顢С¶ԶˡؽĺԺţš顱һײˡ̧ͷ裬ʧɫæ裬סһƿŭĳֽšॡһס鿴ɫƣŵĺ 
ʲô 
㣬ҹɡҲڰ 
һ˵ţһ§סϴİȥ 
ССΧ͡Ȼ֮䣬űײصˤվȣϣӿˣӱ˵ϣһءСС̧ͷһҶľս 
СŵáۡһͿˡСæС§ڻʧ롣ǰȥĸСƵģСС嶼ں档 
л˵ʲôﺰ 
ӵƿڴ 
չ裡û֣ǹһˣһŻ 
ɭɭĿ飬˵ 
ҡû֡ҪҪһԣˣ֪ˣİû֣Ҳ֣ϰû֣ʳūҲҪͷҲҪôβأ֪ʲôŽˣ˵ţȥץ顣 
һҲһƣǰ档 
ôչҵĶүţչҵķ緶ҪǵļܻһضûУȥָţϳȥƷɺͰײˣʲôӣ 
һƷɺͰŭͷЦˣ 
ˣƷɺͰǻҳԵŵûɢˣǰȥһס°ͣĶ䣺ϴʲôûеģ㰮һ㣿Ӻչҵķ緶Ưҡ֡𣿡 
Сޣţ 
㣡㣡Ǹħѡħϳȥ 
鿴ëëţŭץһ룬Ͷҹȥһƫ˷룬ŭɶ飺 
㻹ˤҲұˣҲ׹ˣ㻹װʲô⣿ǰ׽ס飬һ뻳죬ǰûϷˣĽԹ۰ɣ 
͸һ⡣æŽץĸۣܲһţӱŭˡ 
ãҽˣ 
һ·˺һƬͷ󺰣 
ϿССȥԸ 
ʱСΣܲǰȥһھҧֱϡûǰȥϵ̨һҡ 
˴ʧˣ׽ס飬ûж̨̨ڱϡʯӲʹķΡһ£ȥˣһſ飬һץС壬һץС 
ӼСУ 
ħſңſҡ 
㡭㡭㡭㡭Сŵôޡ 
鿴С;ʧˡûǰȥáţ 
Ҫ˺ҵãǷҸߣ 
ˣĺ 
ſǣ㣬ǻСûе㣬ŵǰɣ 
ЮСģ 
վס 
վסýǰ 
£ 
ԹԵ¡ 
Ǽʲôطӣ 
ûСûӣ 
˵˵ 
ûӣƽòţ 
濴ӣѴһѳ¡鼱æ 
Сѽ 
   
С壬һ׽סͷŭ飬߹ȥһȭԴػȥǰһڣιȥˣڵϡŴˣţ 
ҪҪҪ㲻Ҫ˺ҵǣ㣡㡭ˡ 
迴Ѿιȥ߹ȥѷס 
㡭㡭Ҫʲôվ 
£ҪٶһҰȫɱ 
ɫ԰ֽҶ 
Ѵ˺飬ССס䷿ϷšСС治ͣĿޡ 
 
ţòֺͽŰ˸ʵʵڰʱӣſܡһˤڵϵƬУֽŶˡţ 
ٲҰţҪ𣿡 
ӵ¼ˣҵĿ 
֪ˣǰɣ㵽ҪʲôҪ֤ʲôѾˣΪʲôϷŹǣ 
ѻԵãòס죬ǽǣ߹һѱ 
ſңſҡ֪ʧС 
㻹֪ҪʲôҪռ㣡޵һˣǺˡƷ֢ˣ֮һͶȤŨ֪Ҫ֤ʲô֤ƷҪĶԶԵ֣ҪȽϱȽϣƷǿǿҪǷҵծһŭţһϴ 
󾪣񺰣 
㲻ԣ㲻ԣֻҪһˣͲ¡ 
ǽá蹦¡£ͲǡˡˣǡҹɡǡħڣʲôСҹɡʲôСħ˵Ц˵ 
һ±˺ˡ 
ʱתһֽŶס޷һڷɢſҪУŷԼŲвֽͷһۣ 
㲻ҪҸˣֵˣ 
ڲԣѡڵϣţǰȥ 
Ѿĵѣ£ڴ 
ŵң㣬ŵңԺҲҸˣҲˣҰɡ 
̫ˣһѳ£ֻʣһǶȥǶ 
ۿ಻ʹͷ죬һ˻Ŀ񺰣 
ҡҡ 
һ񺰣һȻͷ棬ǰصذףʹȫĴȥ 
䣬⧲ȻԾȥ㣬ذȻ䣬ֱϻһѪۡûϵذף֮£æµء 
Ѿ񣬺˫ۣذף׷ɱһȥĿܣһѪۡ뷴ˣǣҲ֪Ƕһֻ·һʹȻƵæҡƿڴ 
㵱ģ׽סûһɱ㡭 
־ңʲôʶûУ۾ֻǸļңĵƵܰ޲ܺޣҪĵã࡭ҪɱҪ׷裬ҿ񱼡ȵϵƬŵ׻ˣ˾͵һ¡˴˻ᷴˣһת׽Ѿ䵽Ľ£ֽŶֻܶԴݺݵȥײȣһվסˤһӡذ٣ֱ˶¡ 
󾪣Σ䣬һذףͲšεβʱ˹صһȭڵء 
ʱƷɺͰгСԺ⣬壬û˿šȻڣԼԼĺ 
˭ǰСڿš 
ƷɺͰٿȻɫͬʱ³ײš 
ذףѾذףŭУ 
ҽ첻ٵǽҾͲչ裡 
ֵȥѾȫþڵϣֻ 
ʱŷɿƷɺͰ˽ 
һ۾ǺˡУ 
ɱ㣡ɱ㣡 
ȥذףһ裬ܲһ֧ѵţͷ£ܲòҽСذףŶ԰ͶŶȥ 
ƷɿڵΣ²еѡ󺰣ȾҪ 
   
ءֻǱﶼ˺ۣӣƬƷɺͰŵĿһС˵У˵ɫҰֽ 
ƷɴӴץһޱѰסһѱúýýֻԼȫѡ 
˹ȥеĲ⿪ӡϢţţ 
ȿȣСС棡ȥǣȥȿȡ 
ȥСġ 
ƷɱͷģѾŭ;ʹ˺ƬһƬһƬڵѪʹĵͺ 
 
ۿݺݴս 
ҡҡҡ̫ﲻ 
Ʒ۾һգˮ 
꣡˵Ϣһ£ 
һͦʹȥˡƷֱźУ 
 
һĴۣԹı硣ĸ׵׵ʧȥİɽׯԼǱԵһһİȥˣΣˣȥˡڽһʱһֱڻУʲôоûСΨһǱʶԼصһ׵ģǬģûзûгªĵطȥԣƺʧȥʧȥеĺˡѹ˯ȥ 
ʱ䲻֪ȥ˶ãˣ۾ãȻĿ컨ϵĵƣתͷãȻĿİķ䣬ȻӴƷżȵӡһӴֱ 
 
Ʒɼæһѱס 
ûˣûˣҪ£ңң 
ģ§˵ 
Ҫ£Ѿȫˣ 
ϢƷţ 
ҰȫңʱᵽջǸСݲסˣҿ䣬ССС壬һ䣬ѾȥѧУСĽӻˣϺöˣеǸģеǱģѾҴƹˣǣ룬㻹ǻʹ˵סˣ죬ż˵ұʹ֪ǺΣգһֱûвȡжҵ㣬 
Ȼһﲻͷϣϵ˺ۣ絶ʡ͵ͷȥҵģʹüˣۣĴ 
һֱĴշļ磬ȻȥڴץޱԼס 
ﲻңżĺ 
ͷƺԸȥתӣסգʹʣ 
ΪʲôңΪʲô˵ڸûб㣿һħܵܣչҲܸһõռ䣿ûиһҡ֪Ҷ֪ű˵㣬ѾԼǧǧˣǧǧˣ 
ס۾ԲеĴݸεʹ˵ 
ҪӣҪң˵˵òã 
ɫҰף־Ʈ 
üͷزסԼʹĿһ 
ѵΪԼѾǬˣˣ 
仰˷Ӧһת档 
Ʒ۾Ȼ§ڻСģʹģҵģϵĺ 
£붼벻ģ֪ĴжôأҲ֪ҵĴжôأȫ˽⣬裬㲻ܳܵģһǵң޸ҵʱһһ覵ӣʱҾˣ㿴Լ壬ͿԼһģ㣬Զǰ覵ģ˵貢ûе֣ˣҶҲֻʹĴ࣬Ĵ棬µӰ죬㶮𣿶𣿡 
ĿɲҲ˵ģֱƬƬѡûа취οԼˡ˵ 
˵㣡 
ɪţ 
ٲ˵һἱѾʹò֪Ǻãŭò֪ǺãҲò֪Ǻã㲻Ҫҡ۾ԷθĵҰ㣬Һðð㣡ܵ˺ұʹ࣡ٲңһǴǶҵĳͷҺһܲˡԭңԭҰɣͷϣʹûʹƺֶ˶ȥͷȴĴȻ޷˵ 
Σ̧ͷ۽ǣᡣʹۣ 
㲻ҵˣһ֪ 
ҡѪ 
㲻ҪңҪңҪ˵úãҲˣʲô˵㣡㣡Ը˵ʱ˵ 
¡ԼϺһ㣬ͷƺ޲ðԼصӰ١ 
е޴ʹɽû 
ڿջһ䷿ױ̨ǰСҩƿڰҩɫ԰ףȥ˼Сŭ壬Űȥ˵ 
ڼңһģǸħ̫ˣȵȥѧų֣һ˶ûСֻ۸Ůˣ˵ 
СڴϣĿŴҡ 
ǲûмˣǸħһ֣Ǿûмˣ磬Һú£᲻ 
һվĿС壺 
㲻Ҫ£֪Ҹôˣ 
Ȼ̧ͷ 
Ҫô 
㲻ùܣ˵£ 
Сߵĸ˵ 
ԣ˵£ңһҪ룡 
һǣ˿ڣʹһʹ˵ 
Ϊʲôȥţϸôطͷ׸˵ҪڴϢôأ 
ؿصһã 
һյôף綼Ҫҵÿëܳˣôɵס 
ͷðź⣺ 
֪֪ģģңһǴǶҵĳͷҺһܲˡԭңԭҰɣͷϣʹûʹƺֶ˶ȥͷȴĴȻ޷˵ 
Σ̧ͷ۽ǣᡣʹۣ 
㲻ҵˣһ֪ 
ҡѪ 
㲻ҪңҪңҪ˵úãҲˣʲô˵㣡㣡Ը˵ʱ˵ 
¡ԼϺһ㣬ͷƺ޲ðԼصӰ١ 
е޴ʹɽû 
ڿջһ䷿ױ̨ǰСҩƿڰҩɫ԰ףȥ˼Сŭ壬Űȥ˵ 
ڼңһģǸħ̫ˣȵȥѧų֣һ˶ûСֻ۸Ůˣ˵ 
СڴϣĿŴҡ 
ǲûмˣǸħһ֣Ǿûмˣ磬Һú£᲻ 
һվĿС壺 
㲻Ҫ£֪Ҹôˣ 
Ȼ̧ͷ 
Ҫô 
㲻ùܣ˵£ 
Сߵĸ˵ 
ԣ˵£ңһҪ룡 
һǣ˿ڣʹһʹ˵ 
Ϊʲôȥţϸôطͷ׸˵ҪڴϢôأ 
ؿصһã 
һյôף綼Ҫҵÿëܳˣôɵס 
ͷðź⣺ 
֪֪ģģ 
鱻Ĭסˣſֲϵͷܾһ󼱣ȥļ磺 
ҰɣҰɣҲã͸ĻҪȥ뱨𣬲ңҵĴҵĴҵĴ֪жѹ֪ö裬һô԰֣㶼ѹð졭֪Ҷ֪ 
СС嶼˴Сȥĺ 
㣡ʹǲǣҰ㡰Ͷͷϣֱϵ˴һߴһεδ𣬵˿ϡ 
СҲס 
㣬㲻ҪѹˣǴң㿴ǶãֻͶ㣬࣬ΰ㲻ǳ˵ֻҪһ𣬾ʲôˣڣһѽ˵˵ţҲˡ 
Сۿģȥ֡ 
㣬˵ˣͰңᵽһȫĵطȥ㲻ҪٵˣȻ󣬱£ȥ 
Լ֣ 
Ʒ˿־塣Ҫ㻹ҰҪͷңǰҡţ 
ܵõĺ㻹ĸҪչˣҪ㣬ҲҪ㣬ΪǴң㲻Ҫ򵹣㲻Ա򵹣۾ǴҰɣ 
һ£Ҳͷȥˡ 
ȥˣһţȥ 
үͽˣȥǸ쵰ʣ 
Ʒӣסʹ˵ 
һ˵£˵£ǣڣҪģҪƵģܴģҪڣҪȥ¥Ĺ֣ϰסһѵҪˣ˭ң죬ѾͷʱͣͷףѪΪ 
ˣɴۣ޿κ֮ 
ĸܣΧĴĺҡҡ˱һԵôôô¿࡭۾һ죬ʪۿ֪ƷɵĻܶԣڣҪ£Ǹһҡһ԰ĵطһȫůĵطһӶ뵢飬Ʒ˵ 
ȥҷӣүˣ 
Ʒɵͷͳȥˡ 
磬ͣı˽صջʱѾˡջƻ밵ȣһĲ֮С߽ȣͿһڿͷſڵᡣ 
飬ôһ˴⣿ʣô𣿡 
鿴վεδµҡͷ 
ããһ㶼ãһˣԶҲ˵򿪵ҩˣ 
ȥһֱԼһҪ磬ҲҪˡҾãںÿһˣ磬ҲҹҡҺ£һֱӣҲѲô죿ҭ 
żĿ 
Լأûгҩ 
ԣҲԣ 
ʲôһ˲ѾæˣҲҪҪҪԼѽҪȻҶŲȥģҲû˯һ𣿡 
ҡͷ 
ǡүأСССأ 
ҡͷ 
ôǺãǻȫģ 
Ŵ򿪣Ʒ߳ͼʣ 
ôûҵʵķӣ 
ҵˣϴϢ۵ǸһŶԺķӣȥˣӿ˳ҿˣǬǬģҾ߶ֳɵģԺӺС԰һӦȫȻܺͼȣǱԭסǸǿ̫ˣûʲôѡĻᣬҾˣҲ˼ҹæһֻǮ 
ԶǶ 
Զڣ 
ãúãͰᣡס̫ˣҩҲû취ȣҲû취漱 
鼱æ̧ͷƷɣ 
ҩ𣿡 
Ʒҡҡͷ 
   
ȥԣ˵ţȥ 
ƷɿŰ 
㻹Ϣûؼһˣ 
̱Ʒɶ 
裬ʲôҪĿǰ״£ǲٳκβӦң 
֣صĵ˵ͷ 
Ĳǰţģð亹ССС嶼ΧڴǰСҩ룬ĿӹСҩ룬ڴǰ˵ 
һ죬ʲôûԣԣҩҲԣҪôأôˣ˵һҪҩ㿴ĸΧ㣬㣬ΪʲôأǸԼŻǸŻأٲԣĸȫ嶼Ҫˣ˵ţʢҩССĵȷȥ 
üս۾ǲ졣 
Ʒ߽ʹĿš 
СһӴϻµأͨһءĵʹ 
㣬ԣҾ͸ţ 
㣡ҲţСŹء 
顰ͨһҲˡ 
Ƕţǣǣź 
СĺͲ⣬ڶĺ 
㣬ôһУǵĴѽڲԶҩͷǣѹǣǸչҹɲŲںǹĿӡ 
ƷɼæסСĵ졣˵ 
ҪᣬᶼҪᣡ 
Сһҧ 
ðɣҪһ򣡡 
СҲˡ 
ʢҩȥι 
Ƕҩ 
۽ǻ飬תǽͷҲء 
ĸֵܽȫɥˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ԡ 
ΣƷɽӹҩ룬ϣ˵ 
ιҩ£ɣ飬ܵȥǼ䷿ϢҸոõСһЩȰͷȻ͵ǷȥҶҪ跨һ㶫˯һ£Ҫǣǰæ˭ܵ£֪𣿡 
麬ͷȥá 
Ľ״Ļǰæˣ߰ɣ 
ССС͹ԹԵģ˳ӵģĬĬĸߵſڡſڣվסˣ̧ͷƷɣ 
һ仰˵ 
ǣ˵ 
Ǿ仰ǡԲ𣡡һ 
ΪʲôҪ˵ 
뵽Թ㣬ǧټӽƻ㣬㡭ҾãǷࡰǸڣ֪鵽ʲô磡Բ𣡺öԲԭǰ֪ 
˵꣬ŵܵȥˡ 
Ʒ𶯵վţгʪȻ˿߹ȥͷߣٰͷͷޱ̶ţסģ˵ 
ҩҲ򣬲㱻򵹣ˣһ㣬㣬úõĻȥ 
üͷ΢΢һ壬ëšƷɼᶨĶҩ롣ףʼιҩǣͽţҲʣҩ֭˳ 
ëȥǵҩ֭רעġִġĵȷš 
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20



Сܳȥ֮°׷һֻҰޣ񱼣һܵ⡣ 
վڿҰУ쬵磬ӭһѹˡԺĿֱϵ˺ۣ뷢£ͻȻԼ˴ƷɺͰŹǰƷɿŭ񣬰ɱڵĴ˸ս 
ôᷢأȥأЩڣڣҪô죿˼ԲߣԽԽֻš 
û취ˣֻȥҼܹܺҢǼܹܵŮ 
ϴˣŽţǱĳڼܹǰʱ򣬼ܹܺҢ˺ôһӶˣ㵵ĵ 
ôŪģ˭ˣܹʡ 
Ңæܹȥ鿴ֽŵơ 
ֻǻˣ˿ڲӦû󰭣˭ɵģ 
ǣ˫ֺʮ˰ݡ 
ϿңϴͰһɱң 
ƷɺͰǾȻ㶯˵Ϊʲôųӣô£ܹ̫ˡ 
һҪ취ңҪȻʲô˵Ҫʰ뿪ͩǣҪˣҲ˲ˣ 
Ҫߵȥ 
ϴǰһߵĺȥñɱ 
㵽״ʲô˵ܹܱɫˡ 
ϴͰץҡﴲϣ 
Ң󾪡 
ܹ۾ֱ౶ԼĶ䡣輱æ⣬˵ 
椶˾ɷÿϣڴ¥ջңҢҲۿģǲǣǸ飬ԼȥͶͱȻòˣģֲ֣Ҳ֪绳ˣѾþûˣԡԡ 
ܹѾȥˣһ⡣ 
Ѹٵһˣĺ 
ǲңѾˣ챻ֱ˺ö൶ҾǱţһ֮£ʹӴڼǶңϴǶɱң綯͸ϿΣͽֹҳŶǮҹҲûʲôζһ֮Ҹżңˣʲôˣ 
ָܹ裬ҧгݣ 
Ӷ֪ѱ߲ݣӶ磡ｲĻûһ˻ڣ޸㣡۸ʣһû꣬Ȼȥ۸ҵĹŮ㵽ûа߹ȥ䣬죬˴ʣȥǿ˼ˣǲǣ 
ܹһɫһڶ 
ʵûе˭֪椶ôףͷ»ذףûɱˣûţһɧҸǴҪȥռǵıˣԼ棬˭֪ſھңһ֮£޷ˣ 
ԭЩǴ̵ģźôûҪأ 
壡Ը統Ѹǲǣ 
ԼȥԸɣҵֻ֪ƷɺͰҢ߷ߵ˵ 
ãͷߣˣͺӾͽˣ 
ܹһӣ 
վס 
վסĿżܹܡ 
壬Ͽ취ȻƷǻˣ֪Եô˵ 
캦£֪ƵƷ·ߣɱ㲻ɣ룬Ʒ¸ȥΪֻܴݺѪ̣ԣǻֱʣ 
ôҪô죿ǸǴ֮ÿοҵ۹⣬Ҫҳȥڣ³ɺ޼ӵ˽죬ҲӲ죡 
Ң˵ 
ˣ£ĻˣˣƷɶ㣬Ѹ£ˣȻȥ㿴Ǵ¥ϲ˭һ£ΪƷƽ۸Ϊ 
ɥ 
֪ҪȻô£ǸǸˣÿҳ£ǶܰҽڣϿҽɣԺһúõİ磬úõӴģ֣Ǯˣ 
ֳֺܹܵ޿κΡ뵽磬һҡһ̾ 
ôô̧ࣿͷ𣺡ǰ󾭹ϸ˵˵ 
֪ͼҸӣѾæˡһϲæ¡һ˴֡ߺ߰ͣ 
ܹ˼ 
磬һϣĸҶ̧ţţܹܺҢ߷ţѾͷӵţææĴչͥԺȣұȥͷϲűϣȫúģ˲ľﲻܹܴ 
ССģҪͷϵˣ 
ĶǵĶ飬ѾͷҶұһƬ 
ˣү̫̫үˣүˡ 
Ʒۡ浡衢硭ˣӸ䱼 
ССģܹţ˵˵ӣǧҪѽ 
ƷͷһŲεæš 
찡ô˳ʲôˣ찡찡ҿֻһӰи̣ҲҪˡƷۿ 
ֽŶˡ 
ϻǺúõģ 
Ңæȥסߵ 
ȲҪţ˵ûΣա 
羪ĿҢֱʲô֮Ҷʡ 
ܱߣɢʣ 
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ͷϴˣϽϱϣǵˣؿں͸ȫˣ˺öѪصĻͷˣǹӴģأ˵ͷӣ⼸죬úţƶҲص˵ 
ǣôˣ彻ӣæԼҶСһ㣡Сһ㣡 
ҺƺƵ̧ȥ浺ûнȥ˾㵵Ļӡ 
ϴ۾ߺߣ 
ӴӴʹʹ 
Ʒڴǰʹʧ 
裡۾Ҫͷֲ㵽׵˭ˣôᱻӣɱﰡ 
Ʒۿ޵ģ̲ס۾˿ 
ˡ 
ܹһ£Ӵг 
ϽԴ˵ 
ûµ˶ȥҪϢҲΧŴҪʿѾҩȥץҩҩҪҪ 
ҩץûУ 
ѾȥץˣϾˣܹܾͶѾͷҶǺȥȥȥ 
ҲˣԼܹ˵ʲô£֪ͨңϸ 
תţļˣܹܣ 
ҪҪѴôˣô죿 
үģзִ硣ĶӣҵİӣҲһ˵ҪǾҾڶԽ֣ʱŦܹܰο˵ 
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ȷû𣿿ذ 
ˣȻأڣƤˣᣬõģϢ죬Ҳã 
ʼܹܣ 
˭ɵģ֪ʲôޣҪĶ֣ 
ܹ䡣 
ǳȥ˵ɣ 
ܹܵô࣬ģ͡ˡһ򣬸еһ⡣һ仰˵͸żܹܣ߽񿷿 
ܹܰѷŹϣصĿ˿ڣ 
үһˣֻһҪȻƷɣ뿪ҪȻ裬Ʒߣ򣬻µģ 
ľ˶ˣ 
ʲô˼˵Ʒµ֣Ʒɰɴ۾ҡͷܵģƷɲһд 
㲻Ҫ˵鲻ܹƷɣȷʵô򣡡 
Ϊʲô 
ү֪֪ٸ֪Ͼҳ󲻿˵ȥҶûӣܹܶһʹͳϿҡ 
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׼ңô˵ 
ܹ᣺ 
ģ֮ʱʵںˣƷܸɣǸӣҲǸӣǰӳĿõģζҲһͻڵأʲô鶼ûİҪָˡԣ賣ȥ¥˲Ǯ֣ϰ壬Ϊ˸ƷΪҸ㣡 
ΪʲôҪأֲãҾ˵辭ڴ¥Ǯԭģ 
ͳˣ˵ƷɺͰˡѪң˵ƷɺͰҪɱ 
ܹô¶˵úòˡ𾪼ˣ޼ˣʹˣҲļˡҧ˵ 
ΪһŮӣֵܾȻҪ̫ʧˣѵܵɱˡ̫ˣ̫ʹˣ 
Ůӣ˵ĿǣǰΪһԲԲֵ췭ظɽ𢶼ܲˣүڵĺΣգ˱裡Ʒɵĸ̫˽⣬ֺã費ǵ֣ǵֱֵֵ֣УǴĲ𣿡 
Ӽܹܣ֪Σľս 
ڣƷæȥչҵļһʱ̲ʱ¾Σˣүͥ磬Ҫֹѽ 
Ҳ̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ɶˣ 
ȷʵѾˣҶ룬ֳô˵£ںεأο绹ѽ 
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ʣ˼ͼҸ 
ˣȻչÿһˣǣ硣еֱΪЩаţЩΡڣûˣżʸף 
ˣڣﶼˣѾͷӶҲ򷢵ˣֻǼ˳ǿɲԸأ 
ˣ͡һƿޱӴͷȥ 
ˣҿˣ 
ܹһϣŭ˵ 
ùԹԵţʮ֮ڣ´֮ڣţ 
Ҳˣ˭Ҫɱңɱɣһëꡣ 
羪Ŀˡ 
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21



ﱻһ꣬׵ϴˡظ־ȫѹҲ»ˡصǬ·͹ԹԵĳҩңöˣ˸հõļҲ˳ӵĳˡҺῴԣѡÿŶöˡ 
ϣͣˡ 
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ƷɣĵܵѽѾˣôµ֣ѵȫȻֵ֮𣿡 
ƷĿѣ 
ħûйֵ֮飿ҽǰ̻һ죬չң֮أ 
Ʒۼ˹ 
һ£ҰؽΣһӳ 
浾ͺƷɣеĺ 
Ʒɣлú˵һ򷴶ԱսôסԡԲԣ 
һƿƷۣӵø첲Ĳӣս 
޷ˣ޷˵ˣǺһֱȸͣɫĺ 
ү˵һ仰ɱǷ 
Ʒɻ˵ǰͨһˡȻ󺰣 
̧֣ 
һ򣬰ɡţ 
С㣡㲻Ҫң 
Ҳֹ㣬Ҹͷˣ˵ţͿͷȥ 
С㣬㲻ҪΪң˸ˡ 
ʼղ裬ϥƷǰŰݵȥ 
ƷɣҴûʲôҲ֪跸´ݣ֪жޣжҾԱ޸ǣĵܵܣҺӵĵʲôûУ϶ûˣֻҵĺӣеңȫҰɣ 
ƷˣΪ֮顣һ֣Ҫ 
Ҫ̣Լ˵Ǳҷ֣ǣûģûи飬ֵ̫캦£ʵڲԭ¡ 
ţ󺰣 
ƷɣжôƣжôʣѪ֮ףܺɱ㲻Ǳ飬Ѫ𣿡 
ڣҲ֪ʲôС֮ǡʲôСз֮ʹܰұƵǲҵĹĹ 
ʱ⴫һҢչҵġҹɶӡڵĳȫװеĳֵеùѸٵųһšҢǰһ壬һѼ⵶̵ƷɵĺϣЦ˵ 
㶯ְɣһһ 
󾪣֪ȥƷɺãǼЮá 
ƷЦˡһЦţһĺ 
ңҹɶӣȻҵϣԴҺöˣǲǣüˣҽͺͬھ 
籾ƷǰʱһԣֶҢͷȥ棬Ȼ󺰣 
磡㣬Ͽ֣ҸͷҸͷͿͷ絷⡣ 
硭Ңż㵽ڰ˭ 
ϥеܹǰֿͷȥ 
ҲͷˣǲҪ˺Ʒɡҿġҿġĵöͷˡ 
ܹܿŮֱ֪ôźãУˡ 
˰ˣ̧ͷҢŵƷɣ 
Ңֻ֡һ֣ת򰢳ٰڵأ 
㣡Ҹͷ㡭㡭ŵɣͷ 
Ҳܲ̾һƿ衣ӣƷ˵ 
үԲû취СңСҿͷ 
ڵϺߺߡƷۡҢѾͷǻæȥ 
Ʒɼˣֻˡǣŭ޷ƽϢЩߺޣȥָ裬նһһ֣˵ 
չ裡Ҹ㣬һٸ۸κϰգ˺κСֻҪ֪ˣԻɣҵĻ㲻һӶź͸ĸĻδӻúܣСģ㵱ģ 
Ʒ˵꣬ͷߡ 
ľսƷɣֹʧҺ¡Խ׷ͥԺѶţ 
ƷɣߣһлҪ˵ȥ鷿 
Ʒһ𣬻ͷͷǣӶˣͽ鷿 
ΪһŮӣֵ˷Ŀɳʵ޷ˣ˵ 
㲻֪£ʶӡ 
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Ʒɴ̧ͷȻĿʣ 
ʲô˵֪ʲô£ 
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ԭ֪࣡ΪӦʿɶֹ 
ﲢûʧʲôҾͲҪˣΪһŮˣֵյһȥңչʵڷ壬ŪףΪʲô񽬺һǲţһֱǼ壿 
Ǿ壿һֱȥ˼ңƷŭѹš 
˼ҵŮֵܷĿҲᵽ飡 
Ʒһؿڣûε 
úúã˵ҾˣûҵŮúúãڲ֪ộǡ롮ǡĹôЦ 
СĴǣô 
֪еĸĸһëվסʱ򣬾ͻݰ 
ŭƷɽĸ飬Ҳͱ˸ˣһӣŭĴ󺰣 
Ҷô۰ôֻʧһ쵽裬һǴǣأԳ𾴣ֵܲѰҵܸɣֻŮùдһ֮衷־̸ǰǣΪȫ෴㲻ͥĸֵܣֻŮˣڿԱ̺ƽȴŰɱĵܵܣһķǵ㣬ԼΪǡȱ㡯𣿡 
ƷҲŭԸľҲ߽⡣㣬ɫҰף 
ҴûΪԼȱ㡯ǣ֪ǡŵ㡯ۣʹȫ˽⣬ĵλˣ˵˲úúãúúá 
ŬƽԼ 
ˣǲҪ̸˵ڣѾҹͬˡ 
Ƕҵһһúܣ 
ʹ˸Уĵ˵˳ 
룬ʱסڰɣˣʵڽֵݳѪ¼죬һչҵĲƲһ䣬һЩԷָ㡣ҲȱǮãϲʲôҲԸң¥̣ׯҪʲô 
Ʒ𶯼ˣĿŸףԼĶ䡣˵ 
Уһѡ񣡡ʹѼǰҪҳߣΣҪߣˣʹҡҡͷҪκβƲòţϪڵĵأͻͷǸѾղǮǮׯЩ¥̳ׯͨͨɣ룬ûϵ֮ſԶҷˣ 
ѹ 
ҲǲҪ㣬ǡԴؼңͷ¡ 
Ʒɺܼ 
˼Ѿǳףö˵ˣȻߣһ춼ͣߣ 
ǸӵԵݣΪֹ֮󣬲չһ֣ĽףԺչҵ裬޹أչҵĲƲҲ޹أչҵǷǷǣ޹أֻǣչٸ˺ҵļˣһģҲûеܵˣʲôֵ֮飬Ҳعˣ 
Щ֪Ѿܵش˺ϾԼİĶӣʹ 
ƷɣҲ˼α˵ô飡 
ƷЦӯڿ 
飿˵ÿһ֣ÿһָÿһۣľķֹһ顯Ǽǧ顯ն˸֮飬նҶչľ˵ҲںչڣԽˣлл㣡ˣ 
Ʒתߣʹ̬ȴ̼ȫʧˡȡ֮ģһ 
ʲô̬ȣһû˵ꡭ 
Ʒվס 
û˵ĻǱȽϺãǱ˴˺ټˣ衮лϥ¡öأ 
Ʒ˵꣬򿪷ţͷҲصĴ󲽶ȥŭ 
ĶӣһĻûУֱǸѪ֣Զ˵չ 
Ʒһ£һ˦ͷˡ 
ƷֱӻصԼķ䣬ʼʰԼĶ׷һץס󣬼˵ 
ô£һӵĻҪ㣬ΪʲôֵأЩ죬˵ˣᵽȥˣǲǺйأ 
Ʒɴűߣһͷ˵ 
Բˣ£˽ҵģֻҪ̣һˣǣôʵû취ȥұ˵ǣһ᲻ġȥңСģģǿ 
浺裬˫˫ʧɫ 
ҿͷһذףȫסǣУŪȫˣƶʮطϣҲǡСŵûɢ浣Ǻۿɱ裡ٸǣҾɱʹҪΣ϶ͷ̨Ҷˣ 
ľսе˼ 
衭ΪʲôҪأ磬ҪʲôĶҪõΪʲôҪ 
һӣȫԳȥƲ⣡Ҫһ磬ΪңͷȢɣȢˣҲϧˣ۸ǳģɶľһ㣡ĵܵأȻάһѡ񣬸ߣԭңҺչңѾˣͻͷȥҵ飬飬ĸ壬ͨͨʰȥһ£ʲôҵ˽ƷȫҴ 
ǣȥǰʰ 
浼ң׷Ʒɺ溰 
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衭·һȥ 
߹ȥסƷ· 
ү㲻Ҫż 
Ʒɶ·Ƥ 
裬ԺҪҴүգĽף㺰Ľ׾ͿˣүѾˣҲˣתͷĿ浣ʹϵ˵ 
ڵ˵Щ֮ҾԲˣǣ㲢ûʧȥңһĶӣߵǰдһַڵĵַȻǺůһ㣬ûȵˣҽһסҸ㱣֤һǿһٱļң 
 
ǣչ˰ôÿչأ 
Ʒס˫ۣҡҡᶨ˵ 
Ҫѹǿһ㣡ѹߵúʹ࣡ҵʹѾ̫࣬ҲҪʹȥΪҸһɣһߣе⣬ٺ蹲ȥ̳еЩҵһֽѡοһİ˳Ϧ顭ϸһ룬ͲѹˣӦûϲǣ 
˳ 
ҶˡΣҲˣսĵַӦң֮գ㲻뿪ͩǣʱʱȥ㣡 
Ʒ֣صĵͷ 
ҴӦ 
ĸӣǧˡ 
ƷɺͰһӵӡֻ鼮صڵ¼ҡ 
顢СС嶼￴;ϲסƷɵƷɵ֣ 
ˣúõûи˴ܣôȥôãҵĵòˣ 
ǰһվģǸ˵ 
飬Բûܰ㱨ΪСҹˣһֱͷһֱңܲСжǰð͵Կ׾ңһҾûˣ 
ˣһȻ 
ȫأǾллˣǸʱ°ɣ 
СĿЩӡ 
Ľ״磡Ժס뿪ˣǲǣ 
ǣƷɿ飺ֻһңֻһ֣ĽףҲ뿪Ǹһ뿪 
Сܹȥһ˷ܵĴУ 
ۣҺø˰ԺҲǸħˣ 
ɻĿЩˡƷɴʹ˵ 
Ϊֻһ㹫ǣҷ֣չҸûС֣Ǹҹһͷҷ֣ʵںҲһݽɫĺ£ҾȥҾúܾɥԲ㣡 
ۿһȣӯڿţ 
ɵˣֻҪúõģչҹɵôᲢۣɱҲʲôôǣһʹҾͻкܴܴʹΪңҪܵ˺ˣ 
𣿡 
ͷ 
ŵʱ֪ȥʣҾ㣬ֹ㣡ǣ֪ļңҪȥҲҪ޷ǸͥҲû취ֹȥǣ뿪ҾľڣƽѾ̫жˣνܿɹĵطԲΪһɣ 
Ʒɼס֡ 
ϲԸһ㣬ô֪ҽңһʲôԹɺأӴˣΪصĽףҲûչƷˣ 








22



ƷɴĶٷ֮ʮ顣ãķһֳɵ鷿 
磬æŰƷɵ鱾æѴ飬õȥһʰһ̸ 
ô˵Ľ׺չǶˣ 
ǣү˵ 
үҲʡʡ˰ɣ 
ĻŪʮĳƺôģץץͷ 
ˣ˵ʲô 
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ڼ߸ҪԷأӽҪʡǮˣ˷ˣ 
㿴Ҿ˵Ҫôǵ¥ĹǾͱȥ˵ 
ˣǣҪȥΪĻҺʹүȥˣ 
ͷ˼һֱŵͷѾˡ 
л˵ 
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һֱ۵һᡣ 
롭롭֧֧ᣬ˵ڡ 
ʲô˵ѽҿǸƢżĺЩˡ 
һᣬᶨ˵ 
룬һǼ޸֣ϰ壡 
̧ͷɴ۾У 
ʲô 
עתģ˵ 
˵ԴǱչҹ۸ֲ㲡úͿҾ;ãңҪչˣڣĽ׺չҾˣҲչҶˣپܾ֣ϰ壬ǾǰѡϡǱһˣССһңͩôӴˣԺҪôҾԲССС壬پκδڣֻҪԼͿԻȫҵƽͱңôˣ 
˵㡮ˣ 
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Ƭ̣һ飬ڵϣôȻһ˦ͷߡ 
ܹȥɿס᳦ϣί˵ 
ҪƢһ˵ûеľҵҲʹҲ޿κΣĲٵ֣ϰ塭˵ҸҪҹҪ棬׶ˣ 
ǵУѣ̫Ҫˣǹȫ֣ѽҪң 
ܴ룬Եģŭĺ 
˼˵ûǣҲǡˣûȨûûǮԸСţҲԸңȻˣαңαؿҵЦأ֪Լ䲻ϡΣ 
˵꣬һƣվȣڵءҲŶȥˡ 
סˮʹ 
ȻԺһһٴ٣ƹƹҡŷţزǸڷ˼鳦ϡһСʱҲ̲סˣܵԺһԺӶõĲ񣬰Ÿۣͷ󺹡ͷҲ̧ҪȫǶľţĽʹУ 
 
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ôʲôһˣ 
ǲøˡһίĺ 
ԤһӶˣǲǣ 
̧ͷ˵ֻ񣬸ͷԽԽߣԽԽݡ 
󺰣 
 
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ûˣּʹܹȥһƨľ׮ϡĸͷһ󾪣ӲѸͷһߣյߵǶľϡ 
һŻˣ԰̧ͷ 
㲻Ҫ𣿡 
Ȼңˣ 
ˮ䣬٣ 
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麬Ц 
ڲ˵һ𣿡 
һȥøͷ 
߿ 
ǶƷ粻 
ҲߣҺˣ 
Ѹͷһˤô 
㵽Ҫʲô 
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Ҫ㣡һ㣬ûаκˣҺһĽһҴûи㿪Цҵ£֪֪˵һ𣬴ǺСССĽ׶һΣֻ棬ʲôȡأ 
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ȥү˵ȫ߰ɣ뿪ͩǣǵϷȥǰҺʹүǱߣʹܹ࣬ûܹˣ 
ⷬ£ֻ㣬ǧҪĽףҲҼ֣ϰ壡Ҹ˵ȥϷ·Ѿвͨģ 
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˵ĵطҪߣܴҶ᲻ãοڵʱ˭ɨĹأ 
ǡȥ֣ϰ˵ŵ㣡 
һæ 
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ʱͰһҳһӺԺ˵ɫԡȦģͷĺƷֵĿŰ 
ôһ綼ʲôô񣿡 
ǰҷѧԺ˲׼𣿡Сʡ 
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鿴һۣͷǷ 
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ԽԽܻ 
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ŶչƷɶϾ˸ӹϵ 
ͷ 
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ڵҲڵºܶණ 
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ǬһԶм㣬Т˳㣡 
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ǸмǸжóϷĻش 
ǣ 
֣ϰ棬Ž̤ɿĻصͣóӣӻ԰ֱĺ 
ҳл㣡 
ȫ˶ˣҶ˳棬һɰӡһֱ嵽ǰվסӣ£ 
ϳȥʲô£˵ 
޺޵Ļش 
ҸʲôҪ㱨ܲţ 
ɴۣ󺰣 
ʲôҹܲţ˵ԺҾʲô¶㣬ڣ 
ˣԺһҪͼ֣̫ңǷвģһôûϢԽԽ˵ 
۾ɵø˵ 
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Ʒɴ󾪣ʣ 
ȥ֣ϰ壿 
ĵɴۣҧ˵ 
ˣô˵ˣô𣿡 
ĿתĶ 
ˣ˵ˣҪΣ 
ˣһͦ 
ʲôΣôΣ˵ģҪô 
鲻ٶˣüëЦ󺰣 
˼ҲҪˣ̫ҲˣٲҵΣ˭ֻˣ 
úͿһʱ䣬Ū״Ȼ˵ 
 
ˣȥץס֣ҡţţ 
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ЦֺᣬָŰƷ˵ 
Ӱҵĵƶˣ˼֣ϰǺεҪһŮ 
ԣ֣ϰҪҸ߰Ҫˣøˣ 
ﻹ˵Сܹȥס飬Ļ 
꣡ 
СܹȥҲУ 
꣡ 
ƷЦˣһڰϣ 
ʲô㣿û˵𣿡 
飬˺һȻһͷͶԺԺȥ 
ȥﾪ㵵ʡ 
Ժһ 
ƷֺֺЦ˵ 
ӣʧʱҪ񣬵ʱҲҪԺǼĲ񣬴üӶò꣡ 
ֱķʽôܵˣЦſ顣 
Цˣ׷ŰԺȥԺѾ˶ѻɽľ 
Ƕһһ鲻ԽɵЦվס 
˼ŷһҹĲֵҪ˼Ҹˣܻ˵ģ񣬻ֵҪô˶һʡ 
Ѹͷһתһѱס 
һﵥϲң 
æ 
ʲôȻССС忴಻˼Ͽ֣ 
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ССĺСվڷͨԺſڿʱЦ 
磬һﵽ˼ңӳæ£紵װ׵ͷĴõ廨հհգؼأȢɣ 
ſ飬Ӵһ 
û𣿡 
СССЦһš 
ЦˣЦˣվڴڿƷҲЦˡ 
ϣС˯ˣƷɡ顢ڵ̸ġ 
鿴Ŵңһĸж˵ 
죬Һ֣ϰ̸˺ܶ࣬Ұʲô¶ˡڲ֪ҵˣġǱȨƣǱؽ󣡡Ǳ͡ϡĲͬն˵ţ˿ƷһۣǸò˵ 
ƷɿЦ 
øұǸϡһϵûУգ 
鿴ּ˵ 
֣ϰ˵ǽڴ¥ôõĸ裬Լˡ֪ҪĽ׽飬ϰѽŻӣӽĺ¸³֣ϰ˼Ϊûң֣ϰ˵¥ңҪӴ¥޳ȥ˵зģҪһĻ񣡰ӭȢϣҪǡסһ£ȫϯڴ¥ͣ 
ţƷһȻ 
𣿡Ʒɿǻ᲻Ƿһ飿ʲô 
֣ϰ˵ˣȻ޵ռңչ޹أӿڣƷɣϣ㲻Ҫ⣡˵˺ܶί飬ίˣ 
￴飺 
ôأҪȻǾͬһˣѵҪΣ 
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ҸͺˣѡһӣһþͽˣǧҪͬһ죡 
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ҿǬö˰ɣ鷳 
ǰáɫԣæĿڣǡҪҲҪ𣿡 
ǵȻ˵һӾôһΣΣ֣ͬһ춼ò񫣬ҾҪΣ 
ˣץץͷ 
һЦ 
ұҲ˵һΣ֣ϰͽ˵ãֲ켯Ž飡ҲãӦһʢĻҪͩǡϱ֪ǽˣ 
֣ϰ廹˵ΪĽ뿪չңûѷɫˣһҪ÷⣬ɫ 
ԣҾһɣοҿͦûĵģҪҪޣһ⣡ 
ˣߴš 
ĶˣƷɣ 
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ƷĿ˰Σ֣صһͷ 
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ˣҪϲˣ𣬾ҪӣòãҪ·ҪŪһ㣡ǿһҪæأ 
Цʱ˿̣óϷ־ְ˵ 
㽻£Ͷˣ 
ƷɺӣСһ족ĸоҸѾˡ˴ߣһЩᣬۡ΢ЦƷɣƷɾͽסˡ 








23



죬浴裬һ󳵵·ʳҩģƷڵ¼ҡƷɺҽģǻһͬ˾磡 
Ʒɺ˫˫ſӭӣƷɿĸףѣ磬治ѣһ˵ 
̫ˣ磬ôҲˣ 
֪ҪǣͿధû취ֻôˣ˵۹ⲻĿ 
ĸæ 
Ʒɽţ 
磡ֶ˵ 
˴Ŀһۡһֻۣ֪жٵĺ⣬ԣκνᡣ 
ҽѾõϲеǽǣźɫĲеĴʴźɫļֽš֣֡浺翴ţ̵ܲĸȾǷϲ 
æŷ衣 
һƷɾ̲ס˵ 
ãҺ¸³顣·¥ңȥ¥ӭȢϣܹһˣǰݼá 
𶯼ˡ 
飿̫ˣʣҿ𣿡 
˵ʲô 
ҿſڣšԢӣ֪ҪҪ 
Ʒɼ˵ 
ʲô㶼ҵҺﶼѹʧȫȫҾйǣԸߣ˲ 
ܱòǶӣϱϱ 
һ˵ۿʢᡣǸȻ˵ 
ҺñǸ״Ūôӣ֪һнϱԲӦɷͥĶǣҾˣ֪⣬ˣעǸϱԭң 
浰ֽһգ鱼ŵĺ 
˵Ѿ࣡뵽ίʹ㻹˵ 
һһᣬ浾͸ˡһᣬƷɡ衢硢鶼жһͿ 
ʱ߽˵ 
ˣգô࣬ǳһ꣬һ꣡ 
ƷɾͶɫ˵ 
ԺҪٸҵѾϳţüĶñ˵л 
浼ǰҵĿ 
Ľҵ鲻Խѽ 
Ʒ޻ˡ 
翴վӣƷɺͰһϹ 
Ʒɣصлллʴȣ飬ȻԴҹ£ֿѼ˵죬һ֮ͣһǸл֪Լܻܲӭǣһˣ˯˯ȡ 
ʧɫæ 
ϲˣҪ򣡡 
ƷҲ 
磬Ǹ㲻ҪΪ˵Ĺʧ¹Ǹ 
̲סˣ 
˵ðվ֣ǸϤˣ죬չҹɵ̫̫Ҽңһᵹȣ㵱ѣΪСܺˡܣһ 
һ𶯣Ŀһۡ͵͵˵ 
Ѿô˽ˣţҪ˵ĻҲˣҲҪǷеĳޣֻϣһĹǨƵĻᣡԺ󣬴Ļỹܶ࡭תͷƷɣҪǴȱΪ 
Ʒ̾˿ 
磬İɣֻҪٷǣҲ᷸ˣɣòã 
߹ȥƷɿ 
һֱһʣ㲻ɣô˵ôأ 
ʲôˣƭģ̹׵Ļش 
Ҿ˵թɣ죬Ӧðı˺ģơ 
֮ȥˣҲˣ磬ԼúչԼɣƷ˵ 
ͷתۿȻʣ 
ҿɲԵ̸仰 
þȣ 
Ȼԣ 
ʹ߽ҡ 
һأŮ˾ӣ˴˴ȻͺóϿҺóϿҵ˵ 
һ棬һûлᡣҳŲףһ棬ټ֪ʲôʱˣһĻҪ˵ 
˵ 
۹ֿᣬУ־䣬飺 
һõˣֵֵúϧ 
һģʮ𶯣磬ףˡ˵ͣסЩڣıԭҪ˵ĻǼǴСһġ 
˵ϲƷɣ̹ʵĽ˿ڡ 
һ֪ͨλش 
Һϲ˵Ҷĸ飬չҲܣ˾֪̹׸㣬ֻΪҺĽ㣡ĳĹϲ㣡һΪܹ˿࣬ҺøˣЩڽˣø˺ѰѰ٣ҵ㣡룬Ҵûа취μǵĻԣϿҵף 
־ȣָжܲһ۹⿴ 
лл㣡 
״̬没ǣڣǳ˵ţֹϵһ첻ǾͲԣȻǵһμ棬ҲЦңҾͰĻȫ˵ˣúðúչڸϣʵǺܴģ 
𺳼ˣ 
˵Щ֪˶֪һˣжôѣҸ֪㰮жộҲṼиһԣĻÿᵽ㣬̾˵Ǻ޿κΣҲҪΪǴңչԼģǶǸˣ޵ʲô̶ȣѾѧ᲻ǨŭˣƣĽ׶ϼˣ𣿡 
ͷϸ̲סҲϸ硣Ů֮䣬ĸת 
˵һ仰֪᲻ҵɷӣ 
㾡˵ 
ҫŹʺڴһƵᣬ˵ 
Ժ󣬻᲻һ죿Ѿͷ棬ˣƷɺֵԲ㣬ĺӣңҵĺӣڻ԰һţһȲ죬ǿԻܶ£Ц̸յһУ 
￴һ 
뷨ȷʵһ棡ΪǸˣǽϣԭµĴ 
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еĿͺţ 
ûаһˣûаʶ㣡ΪǵһŬαΪʵɣ 
ﲻ˵ž޴𺳺;޴ĸж 
浡衢ȥԺƷʵڰ಻ס 
磬ŷţ˵Щʲô 
Ů̸ܸ֮㣡 
Ŷ𣿡 
֪粻㣬ô㣬Ŀż㶼ôأ 
˵ʲôƷɸ档 
￴һû˵ое֣ 
ôˣΪʲô۹⿴ң 
˵ӳĹ£Ϊʲôû˵磿 
̫̫ûʲô˵ģ 
Ҿе㵣ˡ͵͵˵ 
ʲô 
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룬˵ 
ҵĺãҲûиоȣҶԣ̫СӳռȥģȻҳߣһȥ꣬κι£룬һҵļаšŶΪɣ 
ң㵵˵ҲʶãôӰ쵽ǰĸ 
Ȼһû㣬ȴѴˣ˵ұ㳤󣬲顣Ҿȵ죬ѺöᣬһĴˣ 
ö᣿ﻹŮϷʱбŮ˰𣿡ԽԽ 
ӵס 
ʵϣȷʵС 
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΢΢һЦ 
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øж 
ȻҺչҹɣǣȴϲ磡ϣչҹɲңȴϣҸʵ̫ìˣ 
ƷɵͷͬС 
ġΡ̾Ϣ磬ǸΡʵ̫̫ʵˡֲС˵Ρֳ磬Ǹˡ 
粢֪ȥһˡڡѾǡɽ¥ˡ 
ԭһӣʵ͸ˡڼװװÿҪ没ˣÿҪˡ 
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үүƻûȫãܳţ 
跳Ļӻ֣ 
ûˣ㿴ֶֶţǶˣõúܣҵ·ҿˣȥߣ 
ûãĹˡ 
ү㻹ǻطϢɣܹܽҪǱ㣡 
̧һӼҶǰվһš֪ˣΣŽŴ 
ʲôֱСˣ 
޺޵ۻط䣬ëĴСУ 
磡磡硭ȥˣ 
Ѿͷ屼 
̺̫̫һȥˣ˵ܿͻ 
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̫̫һȥ𣿡 
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ʲôƶ 
С򿪰 
Ƕ̵磬˺һˣ 
һǰץǼ硣ǵģ磡ɴ۾Ǽ硣 
磡磡ȻƷɷУ 
Сŵĺˡ 
ȫ֪һǸܰСأصʱﻹ˸жһţ޾ͼҴҵı棺 
̣үأ֪ʲôòˣ 
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Աߣ۾ֱֱĵŷſڣ۹ֱ̹۹Ƶһˣŵ˵ 
Բ㣬ɢɢˣ 
ȥһ㣿ʡ 
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ӣ嵽ǰ 
ڿĴŲǡǡСһ쵽ȥǰТ˳Т˳ű˵תתȥһԣǹҪңһץסѹʣȥ 
Ǳ㲻ȥʴ 
ǡǸȻ㣡һߣҴñӣǲǣ㣬ȥƷ˽ᣬǲǣ 
ʧɫ 
ô˵ôôҿʲôˣѡʲôˣô飬㻹˵ֻͷǵĺôˣ 
Ŷ̧ˣֽţԴӻӣͲһˣͰѺӰӣӣ𣺡˭ĺӣ㲻ϴץƷһ𣬾֪⣬һŪȥڣҾԲĹ㣡 
˵ȥ 
ˣſңʼ 
ſ㣬ܻȥ𣿡ҡͷЦٺ٣ҲٷͬĴˣ 
żĿ 
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һ˻ʱŭһˤ˺Ѱĺţ 
ȻˣȻˣѾȫµЦˣչңֻһ˻ڹǾȻŵֱҪ 
ȥллƷɺͰĿݣԺⲻ˻棬ϣǴӦңΪСæ͡ 
ˣЦ 
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磬еԻ룬ǾȰ죬ġǣ⻰˵˵ˣɱ̵̧ͷֻУɱڣʱˣԼôͣҲͲˡǣӣӡһӣʵƶϡɿǰһѷˡ絶ƽ 
ҿӣ֪߳ܣתʹǽΪһЩ˵£㱰ɣ̫ɶˣ 
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裬֪ôͣ㶼ңȻװףؿɱǣģѾҶҰٿĪ磡ڣҲ㿴ҵϣ뿴ҵҸϣһ·˫ֻŶӣ㲻Ҫ˺ӣҪҰ 
֣ңȴôӣΪһң¹򡢿ͷ伫ôӣţеֶѾˣŭ𣬾ܵȼ 
ˣ 
ǣҵһֵûУϧǣӣĹⰡ 
ͻȻһ˺ѰĿУ 
ҵĹ⣡㻹˵ҵĹ⣡ 
һţһ˶¡ɢҽţ 
 
һƿӣȴӵõǺ۾Ѫ죬¶˹ץסһҡΣ̶ߡԼһţŬű̥ҵİţ 
 
⣬ܹܡƷۡҢ浡衭ֱӸ䣬ɱƷۼţ 
裡𷢷谡չҵǧҪ˵ѽ 
ˣͿ޺ţ󺰣 
 
⣬ܹɫҰףϿ񺰣 
裡㿪ţǧҪ˺硭ˡ 
Ңüײţţ 
磡Լˣ 
ҢײţˡͷԼҶǺ 
ѷײһ죡 
ҶǱǰȥײţȻ 
ҳȥֻһң輸ˣƿ豭һءһƬ֮УϺһ㣬ֱŶӡŽţߡҢһĿѣ 
쵰 
Ң˹ȥһȭ衣赹ڵϴҢϣסĲӣߺѼУ 
㣡㡭 
Ʒ˹ȥҡҢУ 
ҢѽҪˡ 
ܹܳ嵽ߣֻɫѩֽȹϣһƬ졣 
ܹĵѣɢ绹һԾ۾˥ģССģĵ˵ 
ӿ˵ˡ 
ܹ絶ʣһ 
Ҵؼң˵סͷҢҢȥ򡭡 
Ңŵ裬һԾ 
ȥȥ򡭡ɱȥ 
ǰȥ硣 
 
ܹӼһˣԹ޵Ŀһۣ 
ҵŮҴˣǷģ 
̲סǰԼܹܼе˵ 
ȥɣݱȽϽ 
ܹһˣ 
ãҴߣ 
ǰһסܹܣż˵ 
ܹܣ侲һ㣬ûŮ죬ڣСһ̥ҪŮչ˰̫̫ɣ 
ܹһ˵ͷͱ磬һһ海ߣ᲻ͣ죬ʧȥĺӡ 
Ϣʱ򣬼ܹܿҪˣץŴ򺰣 
ûбסǸӣ 
ӿڣǵҪοš 
Ʒۣѹ˵ˡ 
ڴϣʧѪ࣬һֱ˯ϣˡ۾浴ӣӴѹϧעӣ͵Ŀ־Ͱڶϣʣ 
ӡӡסˣǲǣǲǣ 
浵ᣬˡס֡ 
С㣬ӣ껹ڣҪ 
𣬲źûˡһѽ߬ס浵֣ʣ 
ӻڣǲǣסˣǲǣңҡ 
޷ƭս֣˵ 
ûסѾûˣ 
һĲҽУ 
ҪҪҪ 
ʹʧϾҡͷ浣æһһķ 
С㣡ҪȰš 
ѷ飬ңź 
ɱҵĺӣɱҵĺӡ 
һѱסͷʹĺ 
磡¸һ㣡ȻûסǣһģŮ˺öĻᡭһеģ 
ˣΨһģʧȥ˺ӣҵʲôأ 
ǧҪ˵㻹ôᣬδô˵кöõǰأ˵ 
ľӣûˣʣµģһɷ򣬺ͰյԺ󣬳˳ƲʲôʲôźִѪᡣ 
ļܹܣݺˡ 
ʧȥ˺ӣһ֪Դ类ܹܴߣڷһǵĵϣǶ˫ֱͷʹòˡ֪ȫҶæµ֪Լִ˴ǣȥԣҲȥԡ磬ͱƷɴˡͯ꣬Сʹܴ룬ֻС֡ǣ㿪˫֣ΪƷĥīΪƷɲֽΪƷɷ飬ΪƷɵ赹ˮֻҪƷɶһЦĹʡЩʣʹ˷ޣûΪŹֱƷɹһ죬﷢֣ЩʶΪƷɣΪ 
Ƕûг䣬Լʹˡ֪˶ãֱ󲽳Ʒ۸ں棬һ 
ʣվ 
̧ͷһۣȻָ÷ŭţ 
ܹߵȽˣ飬ļͥôܻʵ̶ֳȣУȻȭߣûһûһ㰮ģӺĶѽôµ֣ 
ͷ˵Ʒæȥ 
裡ɣϿȥţοοǸĵòˣѾˣ 
һ𶯣ҵĳ鴤Ÿе׵ĵʹ 
ӡˣʧģŵʡ 
ǰ˺ð죬ûסÿϧǸкҶѹòˡϿȥοŰɣƷ˵ 
ӵˣӵˣ㱡 
ԽԽһţ 
㻹ǶʲôִţʵȥǸȥҢǸȥŵǸȻȥҹλǰڣҺúõһӣôŪˣ 
ǿǿվһ£ɫ˵ 
ôǸҪûˣˣ 
ֱ 
ȥȥǸڵÿˣ֪𣿡 
һѹ 
ȥȥ 
Ƕ 
һ⻰ӵģɽһľ˹ٵ޷ƣƷۣʹ 
ΪʲôڡΪʲôţ˵ĺӣֲǴģΪʲôȥǿ⣬۸һ 
ƷȻýӲϿڡĪʣ 
Ϊʲô海ǿѽ 
ŷ伲ߣۿ 
Ҫˣֻңʲô֪죬ȥ˵ȥ㣡ʲôûȥȥƷɣ֮󣬻ѣұƼˣ˵滰ȥץǼ磺·ȻƷɷűСҵǶҵñѾˣӣǸ˵ҵҵģҪкʹ𣿡 
Ʒ𾪵ĺˣ౶ 
ܵģܵġ 
Ʒһ 
ʲôܣ簮Ʒɣչҵ϶֪һ쵽ʵʾʵƭ߰㣬岻 
һˣ 
Ҳ㣡һҲ㣡Ǹù֪꾲Խ£ˣ 
һֻ˵ҰޣһХ 
Ϊʲôȥһʴ꾲Żƭɷ꾲Żᱳɷ˽𣿡𣺡㲻֪ﰮű˵ζ㲻֪ñӵζ㲻֪ŻУȴܿ϶˭ǺӸ׵ζҷˣǷˣұұƷˣұֵܱƷˣ 
裬𾪺ˣȻдʣȴʧˡķ˳̽Ѿͷҵ鷿ϸʣһĿɿڴ 
˵Ҳ𣿲ҴȥڣƷɰҵһӣôڳκβҴȥȫΪ밡費һӶڼܻţƷٶ豨ȥƷɷ֣һƬѽ 
ȥһķꡣ 
ô·ôܵƷɷȥˣ 
һţʹ 
ҵ͸øͻȥˣסһԺһ·ֵСǼ·˵ˣ˵Ҳ˵壡Ĳ˼飺 
ĺӣΪЩĪɣʧȥˣҺôȥڣ˹黹Ǽ·ʵ̫ԩˣ㶼ңԣֻʣ³Ʋˣ 
úͿĴɻ󣬿˵ 
òҪȥڣǸѾˣչҵķˣӦúͬһߣ 
ҲҪǸӣҲҪٺͿˣ㿴ȥĴ 
ˣһʹͦͦĿϵ˵ 
Ҽ޸ʮ꣬ûж˵һػڣѾ޶࣬ϧܺͶ۵ÿһ̣㲻ʾҲԶҵĶӣһ㲻⣬԰һϳȥ 
˵꣬Ȼİͷȥˡ 
𶯼ˣŵĵıӰסˡңô£ôֱأ 








24



ȥڣлƷɣ 
е˶𶯼ˣֱһ˼£Ʒ뵽ӵΣȰʱ˽⵽˵˼£Īڴˡ 
òңĵòˣҷס˺ö죬ڼܹܰӻȥˣҾãûˣҲˣԴʧȥ˺ӣͲ󿪿˵ȰʲôǴģ˶ʧˣ浺˵ 
ðæΪӣŶȼϣģеİעϣʧȥ˺ӣʧȥһУҪ˵źãƷɼе˵ 
ôû˵أҲȰҲȰȥλһ 
߼ˣ޺޵˵ 
ˣֻ۸ŮˣҲǸҲŻУǴ̫ɶˣϴһҪͲ۸Сˣƫƫ죬飡 
أѵһ㶼ô֣ϰ˵Щ죬ÿڴ¥ģ 
ԽԽúòңû˹𣿼ܹܺҢأƷʡ 
Ժ󣬼ܹܵҲˣǸӶչ磬ͲˡҲӱ⣬ÿܳȥ֪Щʲôҿǳʧˣ 
ƷɺѹҽҲѹġΡû뵽ôͻˡ 
Ҵͷ䡣浼æһ££ң 
ˣҪ̸ɨ˵Ļˣͽˡ濴ǰѷӲõúƯŻ͵ϲüˣ 
˷ 
֪Щ͵ǻͷЩģڶ֪ǵˣòˣһͻһ͵һͳԵģһ·һزͥź;ŸǴɨټǼҵļӣֱֵüɹ 
ѽûϲ 
Ʒɵͷǳж˵ 
ڲ֪һϰô飡ǼǮׯңḷ́ܲŸҵˣ׬ǮӦ֣Ҫٰˣ 
Ŀһۣ 
۵ŵʲôҸˣ 
Ʒһ֣ͷʹˣæת仰⣺ 
ҲҪ̸㿴ǵϲǰ֣ӡϲϣûйϵ𣿡ϲݸ浡 
ʲôϵأѵҲ𣿡ͷϲſţﲻܲӿ޵ĸпʵίˣϲͩǵǰδеģϲ˵һóĹ£ 
ǣƷɵһóóĹ£ 
ͷǰζӳ¡ 
ϲͱõˣ鷿ϲһţܻġ㿴 
Ϳݣ 
ʮ³ΪСĽףŮлʮʱڴ¥ 
صڹ 
зҳκ 
Ůҳ֣ʿ 
ϡ 
󾪣һ˺ü飬Ūʲô˼žһˤϡŭ 
д 
һ߻ϼͣ߷߲ƽĺ 
㻹֪ͩǣµһЦҴȥ۷׷ףͩеĴٹˣ֪ʿյ֣ϰѩƬһķӣҶ˵չϡѾ֣ǱˣչҵĶӶգͶЧ֣ϰˣֵǣȻƷɳ棡ɶˣ棬ֱûˣ 
ƷɾȻˣҪȢȢɣ͵͵ȢҲˣģҪ֣ϰ棬ֱ²̨ʲô˼̫ɶˣŭɶ 
ң֣ϰ壬ǽòǬǰһӻʢҪȢ̫ڣҡһ䣬常ֺʹһֻЦܵ𡭡 
軰û˵꣬ץ̤ȥһ嵽海صϡŭĺ 
ҽһ£ʲô 
̧ͷ侲Ŀ 
ҶӵĽ 
ӣӣƷѱ䣬Ҳ췴𣿡š 
ֱͦ 
֣㲻Ҫˣȫĸо𣬰һĲֵҪؼңӣ͸ģ㻹ϣ˼𣿡 
һţ 
˶֪ҵĶӣȴŪһײĽףѸȫ£ҲչҲȢƫҪȢҪȢôңֱĶӣ 
ѾĶˣҲ̸϶ТТ֪еΪȫ岻ͬ⣬ֻգöչҵίȻУҪô죿 
úúãҵĶˣûа취ǣ㻹ҵţյĽ飬Ҫʲô֣ 
û취յģҶӣ 
ĸԣǲǣ 
浱Ŀ˵ 
Һϣϣзҳ֣ΪƷɺܵҲܱ޿κѽһҪ飬ԼܰݼĸܰϱӭȢؼңοԺյļͥƵ·ߣֻѡ񣡡 
ʲô·ߣԲҪ飡Ҫ飬Ҳҡȥ治ֹͣ񣡡 
һˣŵĿ 
ֹͣȫͩǶ֪ˣôֹֹͣͣƷɺôˣ 
ⳡˣҪôˣ 
㻹չʧʲôģ 
˵ʲôңǸôţʲôкջˮŮˣһŮˣƷɺͼͥѵز 
ȰǧҪ˵ֻﻹӣڵĵַһ֪ȥǣϱμĻ񣬴󷽷ĺһءһõĻᣬ˵ջһӣ̵˵ 
海˼ŵĵ 
ҪȥƷɽͣҪͬ񣬻μ㻹Ҫҽһʥˡ𣿡 
Ҳһʥˡֻһס 
һ˦ӣ 
ȽƷôӡɣĪˣԼҲѧһѧһӡ͡ĸסɣ 
˵꣬ȥˡ浿ıӰʹʧ 
ǰһ죬ڵ·Ѿõۼҵ¶ܸ߰ƻƻǸ·ϹźӣŴµĺ챻ӣϴźᣬǽźһӵϲ 
ƷվڷԤ֧Žϲãȱʲô 
һɧţͳ嵽ſ 
Ľףˣ˵Ҫｲ 
ƷɺﶼһͿ˵ 
ǲ㲻Ҿȥ 
Ʒɼæ˵ 
ãǴףģҪϲ£ôҷǵϲãҪ̫ɣ飺˭һ 
һˣ 
һˣȥɣƷһ㶣æ˳ȥ 
һ·ҵ˵ 
ȻңŲãѵں棬һǳȥɣ 
ͷͼææȥ 
Ʒɵ˿ͦǶĸףЩĻţЩڴ˵ 
û뵽̫ˣ 
Ŀ 
㻹ҵ 
ƷɿЦһ£ǰϦǳͳ˵ 
˼˵һΪʦΪʦˣο㻹ĵأ 
Ҳ˵仰ߣ 
Ų̳ڽţֶӹ̣˳ȥ 
үȲ裡 
Űһ 
ãү᲻ִأ 
һû˵Ʒɶҡҡͷȥ 
ǰӵ˵ 
չ 
ϸĿȽͷƷɣ˵ 
ѾǵĽϲˣĸգչˣ 
Ʒ㣬һݸ˺Σ˵ 
չңû֮ 
ٿ۹Ŷ˵ 
Ʒ˵飬мõмߵ٣Ʒɵ۹⣬ῴۣ 
ﱻվţ֪Σҽӿڡ 
ΪһнƷ£ٵŮӣ̹ӦΣ 
סһʱ֮䣬𲻳Ʒɾе㲻æ죺 
ҪʲôףǣĸлǣѾûбҪѵˣ 
Ʒ˵ 
סڣҽ̸ģǸ㣡תƷͥգԼףٲ߻һײĻ׼ҡУ٣ƻƷɵТĺһнٵŮӻӦ𣿡 
ˣɫұ䣬һˡ˶סˡ 
Ʒɴ󾪡ˣɫҲתΪҰףǰһվ˵ 
̫ˣΪףĻϲĽӴ㣬һȻ˵ֻҸգҵ£չҵĽҵҫΪʲôҪգܹõֺֺ֧ͣߵһһѵ޿κΣȫйأԼֻ𱸱ˣܹˣռңȥɣ 
۾רעĵ 
ҽҪһ仰֪㽻ιö֣ĳΪͲδɷ򣬳ΪͩǵЦ飬ǸĹ˽й˵ĴͳΪ롭ֹͣɣֹͣƵĻֹͣⳡ־磡 
İƷɣ͸ûͼͥѺۣʱʸƷۼޣ 
Ͱһֱվʱ޿̣˳ǰһվڵĺ 
㲻Ҫ۸ҽʵƾʲôˣҸ㿪ţǶĿ죬ֲչȢϱһϵûУܲǣ 
ĿƷɣ 
Ʒ£ٵŮӣҴ۽磡 
Ʒּ֪ϸУ·ߵر𿲿Ƿݴģˡ£Լȡģ˶ܾѣʵڵף 
ǰϦб仯˭ܲˣˣＱòˡǰһվʹ˵ 
㹻ûУһҪƻҵĻһҪҵҸңû˽⣬ûͣǣҲûͬ𣿡 
鿴ɫҰףߣ 
ȥȥûбҪЩ 
ˣûһ𸲸𣿡 
ﱻһȻ飬ۻصǰȿƷɺ飬µ˵ 
ǲҪ˵չҪҵĻ룬ӦðҵĻ˵ 
Ʒɺýţż 
̧ͷֱᶨٷˣһһ˵ 
չһƪ˽ĽΪʲôˣΪĸӲͣһֱգڣûˣҲûˣոЩ̱񶾣ҵĲƷ£ڿ֮¡һҵˣҵˣҵˣҲмڽֻͣм仰Ҫ㣡ҰĽףҪĽףôƻʲô޷תҵ־Ľ׵ҵɱˣֲĳޣ߽ݸҲûҡˣ 
ֱû뵽˵һƪ۾ 
ƷҲû뵽˵һƪҲ磬 
Ͱȫ۾ 
˿˵ 
ĽףʮԨԴҸֻж̶̵һ꣡ǣҪýĸ㣬ұ˽ұұ㰮ģȴһǴˣΪ͡Ϊ𾴡͡¡ΪѪԵϵΪֵֵֵȢ㲻ڿңңЩҶˣôӣ㶼ܴﵽĿģһΪһ 
ƷѪڣ٣۹ҵĶ 
ɫ࣬˵ 
ִôڵģ 
Źʣ࣬˵ 
ŶҲģԶڵģڣҲ֪ôǿĵ£ĽΪȢң˶Ĵۣ̫жˣһԶһ𣬲ǰ;ôһ¸ҵȥһ飡˿ˣҪҵĻѾˣټ 
˵꣬תӣ߽ȥˡ 
Ʒ鲻Խ׷ȥ 
վţо޴ķŭ޴ĴܸУҲо޴𺳡 
˿һԷƷ׷һѱסҵĺţ 
û˵Щ̫ж̫ˣ 
ַŽС 
ҵ֣ 
Ʒס֣һ 
ô䣿 
Ĵ˿ 
ֽţּԼ֪˵ʲôÿһţᷢ䣡û˵ô໰Լǲ⣬ֻһͷҲܱ򵹣Ҳʧȥ㣡 
Ʒ˫֣ͼů۾Էθ˵ 
ȫ⣬˵̫̫ˣÿһ֣𺳣һ꣬ǣûа׻Ϊϲ԰͸ң˶٣˵ҪĻΪ޷˵øãһ飡 
ͶĻ˫֣ĻסҲûгɣҲûҲûпܣҲûìܡˣףΣʵˣδһеһС 
ڣڣһ졣 
Ʒɴź£ŴػŰһ꣬һ֧ӭ׶顱ĵ˴¥ǰ档 
¥ſڣͣһ̻Ի͵ĻΡΧȺڣѼˮйͨ 
ƷһھָĴϲ졣Ȼ󣬾ʮͯ£Ųֽڳ 
ͯ棬ϼһĺ졣ĸϲ顢ССС塢顢¶Сȫµ֣ϰĴӵ£߳š 
ΧȺڣһţͱҵ׵ĺ 
ϲˣ 
üĿֻõԼĴȹաУ߳˱ϲϲģЩԾšһϲ΢΢Ⱥ̱׵ĺ 
ӣӣ 
˾Ǵ߳ 
ϽΣ 
ĸϲϽΣȺֱ׵ 
ƷϣϽΣĻϲ˳һڣڣȵһ죡ڣڣΪ 
Σ 
˸η̧󻨽Ρ 
ںϲء鿪ʼǰ 
ǰ棬ƷɣٺӣٺǻͯٺǻΣٺĽܣٺ̶ӣٺ棬ԸμеȺڡ飬ǰӵƺƵͷͩʷĻ 
ʼʱܻĳͼҵСԺСУ 
ҢƷҪףǿȥֹ˻Ū 
ҢĿ޺޵˵ 
Ҳˣұ˰ɣ 
һȻ˵ 
ǻҵ𣿿˰ɣҲѾֵǸϴ𣿲ҪˣҹܱٸһӾˣ 
ܹӶĿһۣһתͷҪݡæ 
壬㲻ȥͲȥҴȥҢǿ߰ɣ 
Ң˵ 
˵ҲЩˣԼȥɣ 
ŭĺ 
ˣʲôҰȥתܡ 
ܹ˵ 
㲻Ұˣ֣ϰ˱ĴѾȫߣ죬ȥæƷɳףάȥˣġҹɶӡӴ˱ʷˣ 
վסʧɫ͵Ļܹܡ 
ƭˣôܣ 
ܹüë 
ôܣΪǸ㣬ΪϻǮΪ㹻ѣͶ㲻ˣֻǸŭԣһϻǮˣͺ޼ֵˣ 
Ʒⳡս䶨ˣµˣڵƷɵˣ㻹ʲô֣ 
ܴһˣɴ۾ 
ʱŷţΡΡվڷſڣݿ£㲵òΣ۾ģ޼ĵ 
豻۹Ƶһæ˵ 
磬ң˭㱳ȥƷɣ֪ⷸļɻ䣡ӵˣûйϵٽ 
ߵǰĿҧгݵ˵ 
ĸ㣡ϲƷɵһëԸȥƷɵСšѾͷˣҲԸ㣡ƷɱȣŶûУ 
ˣź֮ǵ磬ٿļܹܣٿߺ޵ҢȻе룬־ֺŭֺޡУ 
ǶȥͶЧƷɰɣȥѽȥѽ 
תӣһͷ˵Ұޣȥ 
ͬһʱ䣬ƺƵӭ׶飬Ⱥڼе£ǰ 
Ʒϣǳ־ΣȾϲá 
Ⱥڼ˽ֵԣͣĹƻ 
Ľϲϲϲϲ 
;ʱ˰ݵȥһҴС 
Ľúϣ쳤ؾã 
ȺУи˴һձñףȦΧ°ͣһ·УʢĻ˲ǱˣȻڿ񣬵ǣȴ޷ԼĺģҪ֣ǱֵĻ񣬵¡صʲôزʢųʹסˡٿΧȺڣ飬͸ӾþĶǡȵȻ˹ݣȫͿˣߣһҴСˣڵءߺţ 
Ľ£ԶףҸ쳤ؾã 
ʵ̲סˣһոߣ 
Ϊʲô 
߲ʶĵ˵ 
һΰˣǻͷֵľ񣬶ܹĺô˵˵꣡ 
ˣŵĿЩȺϵƷɡģƷ˵йطĹ¡ 
ӭ׶飬죬Ρǰȥˡ 
˭֪ʱһƥַɳ۶ĵĿŭҪƻҽãֱʣչƷɣġСţǳԸܣܣܣ 
񱼣У 
ݣݣݡ 
㷭ڣŵ棬ɶȥţ𽥴ִ̼Ļޣ 
ݣݣݡ 
ͻȻ䣬·ߴܳö׳У 
ͣͣ 
輱æܾȻֹţƥ𣬰׿˻ 
ƽϵ 
󺺣ǰ£׽סֽţѹڵ¡󾪣һһŭ 
ǿˣһϵģû۾չ谡չҵĶү 
ź꣬һۿĻƶӳźöྯ죬һӵϡûŪô£𿨴˫֣Ȼһεסˡ 
ף 
Ƿˣƶӳ㿴ûУ˭ 
ƶӳ𻰣·ߵľһѸٵĽƥǣˡƶӳʩ˵ 
ƶӳ˽ˣ㸺𰡣 
ƶӳӦţ 
֣ϰ壬ģ 
ѾнƶӳæԾ˵ 
ϿѺߣҪˣ 
ͱϽһ·Žţ 
ƶӳҵˣչңҹܱɣΪʲôҪץң 
ƶӳ˹Ļش 
ѾʱˣҪһˣһץرչү;˸ڣӽ˵ģ߰ɣ 
ˣŭĴ󺰣 
ǶûˣҾǣ˭ңһһһסģȫˡſҡſҡ 
ĺУˡ 
ֱӴ˾ľƽηƵôվȣڵϡžͻϣһϡ 
ӵդϣץˣһҡΣУ 
ƶӳƾʲôҹûûɱ˷Ż𣬲Ͻ֣ʲôɹץϰգ㵱Դ 
ƶӳţϾ˵ 
аɣҪȥϲƣûڣеҲûϲУ;ܽаɣˣֶ˵߰ɣդεòˣòţȥάɣ 
Ӧţ쩤ȥ 
󾪴󼱣ץդ 
װƶ۰̹ᣬȺϰհ 
ƶӳۻη˵ 
չүʡɣЩԶˣ 
֪Ʋת棬 
ƶӳҳȥһл㣡ҺôչҵĶүѽ 
үûˣҪȥôү˵ɣƶӳ˵꣬ˡ 
ϣҡţţ 
ƶӳȥҵһѽƶӳƶӳ 
ڿ񺰿УȻһֻԼؿڣ󾪡ͷһи²壬ķ˲֪Ƕܳ·һȱֱЦ˴󽱣 
Ư· 
Уһˣ 
㲻Ҫҡ 
һˣ¾һˣͷһǰһǱʱĿ˵ 
ƯĿӡ 
һﾭ飬ŵûɢ亹һݽǣкüͷ˷׷ðЦʧˣ 
 
شģ洵ϲ֣Ͳڶı 








25



¡ضʢˡӭȢ֮ڵ·ߵһˣڰأ浵ģϲǵġ뵽ĵ⣬ӵľѣһʹǣ⻶ϲʱ̣еĸ˶ˣһЦӭϱ 
ϣ¥Уŵƽʣϲʣʻϲ󡣿ǶЯ٣ŮǸʢװӰЦλģｻֵòˡ 
֣ϰ塢浡Ʒɡ֣ϰķǡ¸ص𡢵ط㡣顢ССġС塢ȺͱĿڸһǣСССʵ̫˷ˣסǰܺ󣬶۷׷סͰæòˣһҪչ˺ǣһҪдα 
ǲϼǰﾴƵءϲ֮ڶ 
֣ϰ̲סվӣΪⳡ񡯣˵˼仰 
λλĽ״ϲӣҶһϤˣҲ֪һʹĽ׵Ĺ£Ӹӡһǳ·еֹۣ̣ܶдһ飡ܹƸϰΪޣ֤£˱سɼļαһ֤ϣңеף 
бͣվơ죺 
ϲϲ 
Ʒɣ˫˫Ʊлͣ壬ƣţ 
ɣɣɣ 
ƷģŨҸͻˣžƱ֪˵ʲôá죬ǿƽԼԱǳֿ˵ 
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ĽļҰ˵ĽǸ㲻˵չƷ֪˭˰ɣǷĽȫҴССص㱣 
Ʒÿʹȥ 
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˾ֻ贩ڿ㣬ˣǽǡ 
һ̧ͷ񿴵˾ǡӣϣ˻ƵĴ󺰣 
ŪȥŪȥźöӣҿҪ˺ɺöƬˣ 
 
ôǱʧɫͷƶӳ 
ôǴˣ 
д˺һˣ 
ƶӳšһ򿪡 
˳һ־ץסƶӳǰ·ĺ 
ҺЩåһǰҵ·ҵǮûС 
Ƕ޼ҿɹˣչүǮƣ͵ǾȼƶɣҰǹһ𣬲·˹һô֣ͰƤ 
ˣԻƶӳ 
Ҫ㣡⣬Сˣ 
ƶӳŭͷ 
ѽػȥ 
ǴӦţһӵϡæǰסЦ 
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迴ǰٿǼηŵûɢҶ˵ 
ˣչүӣأȥǩ֡ıɱˣΣֻһҹһξûôˣ 
Լؼȥ 
ôʵȥ߽ţһ·ҧгݵĴ 
ƷǶֵӭףӸһȺҲƥȥԸңƶӳǣȫ䣬ʲô˼ҽƷƷܴܵ裬һ䣬һ䣡Ʒɼû֣ϰôţץң˵ץ㣡ҷǱ𲻿ɡ 
ȵףʧ֮࣬вû뵽һұ䡯ݱɡϱԼѾɽ˼ǰĻ䣺 
Ȱˣȥˣǩְ㱣ģٳ⣬´ҵӶùҴûǸӣȥɣ 
˵ʲôڼһҹЩ˺۸ôչңҹɲңƷɣĺʲôĸֵܣһŲϣֻ֣ϰ壡Ǹܹдߵġšۡŭıţܲˣܲˣ 
ƷʹÿˣԱҲϼͣ 
үӣʵ̫ˣƷɲҲˣڸڸ㡮ս㵱ûǾͲˣͶ֣ϰ壬ùٷץ裬Ժ󣬻̫ƽӿɹֻһҪˡôܲܣ 
ɫҰѼ 
״ʵ붼벻ҿҪѼܹܺҢ飡ֱŲӺСС 
С 
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ү̵Ĳأ黵òˣĹ 
һͷƷۣ 
ˣûȥ𣿡 
Ʒû˵ 
ġšȥ𣿡 
硯֣ϳ塣 
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ĲáʧȥˣҲʧȥˡ־˼롢ǡ񡭡ȫݽ˻ʱڼȵ˼źӣֱʹʱ־ң岻 
죬ڷ浺õϢ 
߽ԷͿ㲣վǰ档϶ϣżͳߣǶææµµĲ·æòˡϣѾкüõ·ﶬУȫӤ· 
ܹһغʹվԱ߿޲ߡ 
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裬ãҿСްöԣǲԣ޻ǲ̵̫ˣ䣬ӻᶳţһ޻ôֵֹģ 
浽һעӣеἫˡܹæ浾Ϲ 
̫̫Ҫ鷳ˣ㿴ӣҪô죿 
ȱ𼱣Ǹ̸̸ 
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磬ֺɣôϸ 
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裬ԽңһòãҺһԼᣬҪĺӣҴҵĺӣҪһ棡еĳͨͨ˵ǿΣ 
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㲻סҪҵĺӣҪҵĺӣҪҵĺӡźţûˣڸ׻ţϲѾϣΪʲôҪʲôûУҵҸһʧȥˡֻӣΪʲôҲסΪʲôΪʲô 
浡衢ܹܡҢӯڿˡ 








26



չȻѾһƬƲڵƷ¼ңȴŨġ 
Ʒɺ»Уÿոµӣһոµʫ𴲣ΪճЦ˻ƻ裬Ϊ衣û̫ӣǰյһīʱ򣬸ǡ˾ɣɽҹʫǡӰǡ棬ü࣬С¥µݣдǡͷԼƻ󡱣ǡ¼ʱУѾ족Ʒϲÿÿ顣ÿÿ΢ЦÿͶ㣬续ʫʫ黭Ȼȴ˼ķպǳֹÿһ˶ͰҲҸȾˣһЦЦЦţͻ˴ҲɵЦʲô鶼ЦССġСû£ῪЦǻֵЦ㶶 
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״ѾдˣԸǩ֣ 
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ﱻסˣѰ˼忪˷ţֱƷǰһվϵ˵ 
Ľף㲻ҪĶ⣬Ѷϣ֪ҪչҵʱǹչҵѪҺðˣԴҵҲ飬ҲϰȺҸ 
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Ʒɿż飬ۣ磬̧ۿ˿ŵİ 
Ʒ۹һӴѾᡣͻæ˵ 
飬ȲҪôҶ侲һ㣬һ룡 
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һ˫ֱסͷ󺰣 
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̺ţ׷ȥ 
飡Ҫӣ㲻Ҫ顭顭 
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ץס֣ 
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һۣҲڨڨЦˡ 
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ס۾ڶ 
аգĶӺˣ 
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Ҫʹ 
ˣѾʹˣ 
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ͷؿһѹǡͶ»ȥˡ˵ 
Ҫ˵ǡˣúõļҾͶˣҵĵ㻹û˵ 
˺ôһƿ 
Ŷе㣬ǴĿһôģҪ̫ 
һ࣬Ͽҵ˵ 
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棬һˣǲܲһ룬磡 
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ȷʵܿ飬Ѿྡǣȴıȫ޷԰ΡΪҪҪʱѰѰ٣˼䣬ѰʧĺӺʧ硣 
죬ַˡһ깤ĻͷñĴܳԺӶܹܺҢ׷ں溰 
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ҸϲƷɵһëǲǣ 
סˣּĻŶӣ 
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辪㵵Ŀżܵ磬öѼںУ 
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֪ˣһס㡭ȡʱ䣬ȥɣ 








27



ܹܼɳ۵ڡ 
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ҵûǸҲûǸӣҪӣ㻹Լɣ 
ӲӣײһͷƷվһԣ޿̵Ĳˣ 
˵ܹѽôҲܴЦѽǳĳϴҺүҲǳĳǸ֮ʮĽ飬չҵˣķϣҲ˰ɣӻҪܹܡҪȥԲԣ 
ܹƷɫףû˵ҢѾ಻ס߷ߵģ˵ 
չҵ뷹ǼͼҳԵĵزٳ粻һŪ˾ͶˣŪ˾ͻˣһѽ죬˵һǸ˵һжʹʹ࡭Ǹ֪ʲôʹ࣬ʲôкڣ裡ڣͲߵһʹǣڵǣҲȼ޸ã 
һ̧ͷҲסҢ 
ʲô̬ȣҽǸѾܹ˼ˣǲҪƲԳԷƣǰܳȥײģֲɱģҪ֣ҲֻܹǸ˵ԼѵȱġȢһȫʵûбҲʹࣿôʹ࣬Ȣ磬ֻȢǣģͼ޸ˣֱʱ̣ǸˣңΪζ𣿡 
ܹܽӿڣ 
ӣί㣬õǸǣѾˣЩʲôأذɣûʸĵǸҲûʹ࣡ 
Ʒˣ˵ 
˵ܹѽ㲻Ҫ˵ôӲѵԺ󲻼棬Ǹôչҡ 
æǰһסƷ۵ĻЦĶԼܹ˵ 
׼ң黹ôҽȥ֮ǧĴ㿴ҵӣˣ 
һӵľȫ屬ˣţ 
˵Ҷ˵ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣǻֳӲܹˣΪʲôǧҴѵһûС 
ץסĸۣһ 
ʣʲôʱʲôʱܳҹؼȥɣ 
ߣƷ۵˼ܹһۣҴҸȥ 
ӵĴӼͼԺ䣬ߵչԺ䡣Ʒһ·ߴţ 
ܹҲʵ̫ˣסҼҵӣԵҼҷ˵ˣһڶҼˣˣҲѹȥСģǲ飬Ҫô죿ҿܹܵͿˣΪǡӡأ 
˼Ůһãѹ˵ 
Ůǻϱأһ𣿡 
˵ţӭ浴裬һ̣ʳͼȥǣ浾͹ĵʣ 
ǴӼͼҹڲڼң 
ڣƢúܣҿǲùȥˣ˵ 
Ʒۿ浴ʳ˵ 
ƢҲҪǶ˭ȥǲŻᵱǡӡ˰ɣܹһڣһڣǺû޸Ʒ𣿿浽㣬ĵڿ׼˰ɣ 
ʵЩ 
Ʒۣĵʱͻڵ°ɣ 
Ʒ̷ 
ʲôһ仰ûпڵ£ѵ˵Ĳǡʵ顱˵һ˵ûڵ¡ôЩ͵͵ˣûʲô¡أ 
һɫˣ 
ʲô͵͵ǹ˵Щʲô˵һ㣡 
һûطʱǰһ壬浽 
㲻Ҫ۸ʵͰڳһ̫̫ǺƷɴͨһѼ˵£ڣǬǬûƷɣôѾͷǶˣȥײΪҪܳȥƷɣɱ֣ңƷɣڣǷһɱߵֱɶˣ 
浵裬÷ͷ 
˵˵Գߺ𾴣һ쵽С𣿡 
û˵ƷѷɿĽ˿ڣ˵ 
ٲãҲչΨһĶˣҪܶӣӦȥռҹܣͲ֪ôĶӣգ 
浾 
浣̾һƷ۵Ļʹյ˵ 
Ʒ˵ģҲʵ飡ôĶӣգͷʹˣûǳˣ 
˵꣬ͷǰߡ 
浴˴Ļĺ;ɽһӿڣ˽⵽ƷΪʲôҪӳˣס̧ͷģºͼᶨ˵ 
Ҽ޸ʮ꣬һҵֻж̶̵ļˣԸѡһаϵĵطȥһյĶӣܼչɷֻ׷ȥټˣ 
һſڽࡣ 
һ֣˵ 
Ȱѷˣܹ͹ȥˣ 
浺裬ǰȥ֮࣬󺰣 
վס 
ͷҲأȻǰСƷ۾Ц˵ 
ֻչɷ򣬽вסռҵķˣ 
ܴ̼浵ıӰ 
ˣԶҪ 
վסͷһЦ˵ 
ҵġԶûжˣġԶܳΪ֮ɣأ˵꣬ͷȥˡ 
סվǶҲֻܶ紵ңҶء 
浺裬͵ƷǶ 
Ĵţˣ˽⵽ôһ£˵Ƥߣһ· 
Ľף顭ǿѽ̫̫һסˣ 
Ľסú˳ˡ 
Ʒɡ顢ССҶ˹ƷɿƤ䣬浣ϲ 
ˣ 
кᣬ 
Һһٵһѡľ棬ѡͶˣ 
ûнԭίƷȫᵽˣһ֡ 
ίˣ 
ʹ˵ 
浽ѡʱ򣬲֪ʹƷɣܵģ˽ˣЦһ£ҵǱʶҴһֱһˣҲظȫѵĸо 
ǰֿģģҵӵס 
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ССҵĺ 
 
浸жһͿӵסӡ 
˵Ķ˵ 
Һ飬Ѿӣʮս飬ǹ¶ڷ֪ϲһˣǿ԰ݼáڣǰˣǡ˳ġáˣ 
浾ϲĿͰ 
̫ˣ飬ϲϲ 
Ҳæǰ˵ϲ 
ȢĺùЦ˵۸㣬ңһ 
۸ңҾллˣ 
ֻˣü𣿡ʡ 
鼱æش 
һ㣬ǣĽ˵ÿһ㣬Ѹð¶꣡ 
Ʒɿĸף͵˵ 
ҶӰţѹõͣҾãһϲ£ߣ԰ֱճ嵭ǶҪԺ 
浺ͷͬ⡣迴Ŵң˵ 
֪סΪҸ̫̫Ҳ׼뿪ˣ 
黶У 
ô᲻סû䷿ţۣҡԽԽѾǾſ֮ˣ̫ˣǿȥ÷ɣ̴ 
·С 
һߡӣС庰 
ȿֺҪȥΪ浲÷䡣Ʒӣұӵߡ 
浿һӵˣһܰϲõӣૡŷ֣طչңȻͬ磡չң;ȴůԭҸɰɵģѾãԼҸĸоΧˡ 








28



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ۣɰۻˣһϼ·Ҳôۣʲô·һֱ֣ŽţŤҪôһ򣬼ֱڳϷãֻһ졭һ˵һѳ·¡ 
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˭˵ֻһ죿컹һ죡 
ʲôлһ죿󾪡 
˹˵ 
֣ϰ˵¹үţһĽĿðЩϰϰʱҳ״ 
̿ 
ôûлţҪţ 
֣ϰ˵׿ϵǬŮһһҪӣһ죬Ūúҵģ֣е峤ݡѡȫϵ֣ȥҪ룬Ȱݼ峤ٰݼȻƽȻȻѣȻŮ졭 
ԽԽԽԽ 
ô粻˵ڲŸң 
û취˵ͲȢòײŰƭ֣ϳףŪšߣҲ̫ԩ𣿡Ц˵ 
֪Щض̣ôҵ 
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ˣҲˣ 
˹ȥ͡ 
ιιǶҹѽ˵ЩʲôҪֵ㼪飬ǲǣ 
ס˫֣ͷʹĺ 
뵽һҪˣһĺϷҽȤûˣ 
˺ð죬һЦˡ 
ЦʲôĪʡ 
Ҿַ֪Ӧмأȫˣ뿴ңȥƵһǬڣǶ 
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ȷ𣿡 
ȷ 
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ۣǻʲôǸϿ조򡱰ɣ 
Цֶ㡣˵ 
Ҳ΢һ㣬һ㣬ʫһ㣬һ㡭òã 
ô֮춼ˣǲҪ˷ʱǴһֵǧ𣿡 
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㲻˵һģҾͲҪȥ 
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ǡֵֻģ 
찡Ļôᰮأ 
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˹һѾס§ 
Ƕ˵ջվж 
˵꣬Ͱͷһ࣬Цû֦ҲЦŮԵ壬ʹǡͶĽŦ˭֪ŦܽСȥⲻ 
Ŧôôӣͷ󺹣ʡ 
ֱţ 
汿ģˣ 
һǸŦ۷ܶһЦ˵ 
鲻´ξͲôæˣ 
鿴ִֽţһСŦû취ֺֺЦòף⿪졣ѾŪǱʣ 
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Ҵ·һһ˸̵˵ 
ѿھ 
ҵ찡 
һвҪȴȻһСġСС˽СĴţ 
Ҿ֪۸£ 
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СĽ죺 
ǸŦһ˸æ⣡ 
󾪣ææҵķֿӣ˫˫ǺһƷЦվſڡ浺裬ҲվںֱЦһͬСɡ 
ǱˣƷɴ󺰣 
治˼㶴ʱҺСĴǽ£ǧټưסǣǲȥǣǾң 
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һ취ûУԵ̫ˣСľԿſŲɣҲ֣һ죬һأŪýšˣھͰǴȥתͷԵЦźˣˣ˼ˣһֵǧأ 
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ǸŦۡⲻܻɣ 
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ۣҪˣ 
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Ҹģõ̧ۿգϣϣ 
ܹǵҸ 
ƷɸжһЦͷס 
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ϣŸΧӳֵͣòˡ 
ϰߵİÿ˲ˣչСС壬һǼвˣһʢʼղ¡ 
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죬úó԰ɣҪŴң֪ûûСҲûأеˣһƽȣôˣ㻹㲻ºúóԣǴҶԲȥ 
費Ŀһۣ˵ 
ҸչѽҿǴҳԣϲչ 
Ц裬º͵˵ 
ͲҪôŤˣÿÿҵĹأ˴Ұɣ 
һ£ߡ˫ӣԼͬģߡֲˣȥ־ϲУ 
Ҫ𣿡 
һ̲סЦˡ 
ܰգƷɿŴң΢Ц˵ 
һ飬Ҫҵ 
״𣿡ʡ 
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Ʒһʱѻȸֵܽãɴ۾ŵĿͼ˵ 
ҺϻһЩǮǲҹûͻɽաҪȥϰ࣬ҺҲǿϣҲɹˣϰϣЩǮͶһţʲôԣֻҪӪúãǸɣӽȻҵ԰˵ףֵܽ˵ϤңԼҵд 
˵ֻ꣬ҽܣĬ 
ôǽ޳𣿡 
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ؽİɽׯ 
ҲССĻش 
ؽİɽׯ 
С̧ͷ㣺 
ؽİɽׯ 
СĺС岻ͬһʣ 
ؽİɽׯ 
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Ʒɡ浡迴ӦǿҵĽֱסˡ 
ƷɱĿϲȾţ԰ʹһɫ⣬ϯȥһһţƤֽĺҽţƤֽ˺ҶһȻǡİɽׯĺң 
龪ϲĴУ 
д֣ԭĺңô 
Ľ͵һ죡˵ 
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ۣУޣ 
Ʒɿ˵ 
һֱǵҵĻ˵İɽׯǸãʱҾͷҪûǣ 
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¿Ͱ˵ĵӣҸû浼æ˵ 
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ǲԣԺͿˣ 
ֻһ죬󺰣 
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ССġСͬӦУ 
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浣ЦſţжһͿ 
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СС塢Ů˴ҴҸͲ衣Ͳˣͷ 
СĺкæŰǴ֣չ¿ţ 
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Ǹ߸ߵϣâ̫£ڰķǺڰóΪ¶Ķϣѹԡʹû̫ҲûӰǲҪˣΪϸƮ£ֻҪϣ˼䴦ã 
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ң˵ŲģõꣿǼǮˣ 
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Ʒ־־壬ȥ䣺 
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ǰ˵ͷһ۾úôô󣬿񺰣 
ܣ岻Ңҵѽǲҡһ溰һ޷ŵĳȥ 
 
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үӣ취ȥѼܹ׽гׯʲôģһ˼裬취ȻѽƷۼꡣš 
ƷۣţӶŴ⣬ɪɪľ˼㱣 
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Ʒɺ֪ܹܾܿݵˣϾͩǸСطϢúܿ졣ϣڿΪϢš 
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˵ǰչҵĸˣ¥ǮׯֿΣȫûˣ涼֣ϰ壬ǮҲˣ 
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Ѿ˵һٸ˵ȥ޷ʰɰҸϳţҲҪңڣôأܹ𣿡Ʒʡ 
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ǰ˵죬Ҫծ˶ˣүһҶ֪չҿˣǮׯȫҪծˣӿڡ 
Ʒüͷһ壬ϾԼļң˵ʹ浿Ҳ˵ʹԥ˵ 
룬ʱǲǸûؼأ 
Ʒɴһս 
˵Ǹͥ裬ܣҶûйϵˣ 
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Ʒɺʹ࣬˼󣬲һ̧ۿ飬űɬ˵ 
һ壬ۿ֣ۿ֣ϰжۿչұɽ£ӻռİɽׯʼݱɽ飬ѾӮˣǵĳ𣬻Ҫȥ𣿡 
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㲻ڹǰɣ 
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ǹչҵѪҺðˣӿڡ 
ƷȻЦЦἫˡ 
һ嶯鼤˵ 
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ѾˣССС壺 
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ҲǣҲǣСӿڡ 
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浲Ŀҡ 
ʲô״ӣʲô治棿 
Ʒɳ̾һظ 
ҸոջչһѣǮʧȥ˻׬ûഺʧȥˣԶزˣ 
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ƷɸмĿܣٵͷ浣֣ص˵ 
ҲȥǣҺͬһסССС壺֧ҵ£ҲʧǹչҵѪҺֻڲ 
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ôһȥһˣ𣿡 
ƷɺΪѣǳìܡ̧ۣ 
ȥһ˰ɣ룬Ҳ˽չҵһڣչѣչҵʱϾһ֮УȻ֮⣬ҲܲĵģԣǹչҵѪҺðһΰɣ 
浸мĿƷҲ 
֪ߣҲ 
Ʒɡ浴Ű裬ͻ˼ҡ 
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̫̫ˣүˣ 
ˣɼӭ˳ 
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Ҷ֪ˣôǶûϢɲ׷ؼܹܣ 
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ܵˣѼ˵ 
Ϊû뵽һѾҹȥҹˣϼңûˣ˵ղնһҪȫйˣǴ룡ң̫μܹܣڣȻû֤ݣ˵ǡӡеʲᣬŪǷǵģҾ޿κѽ 
Ʒۺ裬Ҳˡ 
Ʒһ˽һɤţĺ 
Ӵռҵķүô鹵չأ浳£ܹƽ׽òˣһʲô̸Ҳʵ֣뿪չû죬ܹܾˣѵûеõκϢ𣿸㲻þǴͨһĻ 
浴󾪣ʱ˵ 
Ʒɴŭǰһ塣ϵ˵ 
˵ʲôһƬģ˵£Ҫϻûп԰æĵطʵϰﲻæ̬Ǳšͬ۹á̬ģ 
˵˵޻ǣʵ̫ݣ̫Īˣ 
ƷۻûشѾǰһԹͷŭȫըƷ浵ˣĴУ 
˵ĶԼˣ㲻þĸĻƷȭͷǸ֣ϰ岻ŵġǬһһļƻãһһݺңȦףչҵĲҵȫռûܹܺЩ¥̵ô֣ȥĽҪǼ椶֣ϰ壬ϼܹܣǼҳԵǬǬҿչʧȥĲƲ˵ڣܻʲôճɹҪչж𡭡 
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ƷɻͷߣһԽԽԼķԼˡ 
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޿̣ŭ 
ĽףܵˣܲˣҪھͷҪǸϿ뿪ȥ֣ϰ壬״ǩ֣ 
֣ϰ塱֣ӿ϶ԼƲ⣬ֽţ 
ˣҪȥ֣ϰ壬취ٶԸǣǸϾɱǲֵģ׶˰ɣڣ֪ĵ˭˰ɣ֪ΪʲôǼҵĲƲᵽ֣ȥ˰ɡ 
Ѿɫף˵ 
Ҷ£һˣúذɣˣ 
תߣУ 
һû˵꣬Ǿ𣿡 
һȭͷ 
ڿҵǲǣҲʹʹĴһ٣ǲǣ 
Ʒ۾Ƶļ 
ѾˣǮѾûˣǻҪˣѽҿĸҲ߰ɣȻǸ仧ĸӻ⣬ᱻյĴһ߰ɣ 
һϯò޵뵽Ʒɺ֣ϰĹϵ뵽ƷɵġТ֣ʹ˼ʹּһ͵ݣڣԽǰסеĺ 
ˣʿɶֹɣ 
䡰ʿɶֹһףֱƷͷһˣŵĿʹȼĺ 
ʲôʿɶֹ 
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ĻҲΪչеı磬Ʒɵģ 
һʮֱʮ۹⣬Ʒɺ浣̾һڳ˵ 
չҾƷ˵ģǡˣ̧㲵ӣƷɣҲ֪ݵĽɫǣ֪û㣬չҾŪز 
Ʒ۾һգоʹɫҰף 
֪ˣһˣΨһջǣǹչҵѪҺڿԲðˣ 
Ʒɾͷ浣ߡһߣһȻ˵ 
߰ɣʵûʲôֵˣҲﲻκæҪһڣչңֻвˣֻ²죮ļͥҲˣ 
Ʒɡ浵ˣʹˡǺ۾ȭͷۿ 
ʲôʲô㻹ʲôƣ㶼óˣ˰Ǯˣֻһ˲ոͬھ 
Ʒɺ浣ĴС£ˡ 
صڣĸӶˣʵڷǳɥǳ 
һţͷĵ̲סˡƷ£֣Ŭο 
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ôۣôϣڣͿһ㣬ǰȴϳȥƵԶԶģߣڣʣµƷۺ裬붼Ầ£꣬Ҫ˭أᣬĵ˵ 
Ʒһ 
ôǣżǣǣ㣬Ϊ룿Ϊģ̧ͷһ̾˵Ҹ㣬ǶԼԼж񡱣̫ŰԼˣ 
￴ǵӣѾ֪߹ȥŴң˵ 
ȥչˣȻﲻæȻҲû飡ôѾ御ˣȻչе¶ΪôͲҪѹˣȫ׿ɣչȻʧܴȻзѾͷӶˣԣ˼ұǿˣؼҵһӣ޼ҵһӣ뻢ͷЩ˼ңһУԻÿ֣ԣչֻҪһ룬ҲǺյģ 
˵öԣչҹɴӴ˸аΪԵõҸΩһģǲѩϼ˪ˣǴңҲһɣҪչҵƣӰǼҵĻְɣĽӿڡ 
ͬУ˵ 
ԣ˵öԣ 
ƷҲͬУһ£˵ 
ԣҲչҵƣڱǵգǣרȥؽİɽׯɣ 








29



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صֱӾȥ裬еһݣˤǰ 
ܼҾЩݣȫױʻѺҸոȥ֣ϰ壬˼ҰĽݣȫҿʳͳׯĶծ˼һѾһӡչƽɫѽھǵز㲻һѵѵɱˣ 
۾Դȥҹɶѱ䣬ܹܾӡһĴѾݽһЪ˹ķ״̬˵ 
ǲģȦףǸ飬˼ƣڴ¥Ȼ֣ϰͽͽǶҡźмƣƷںӣе㣬Ʒȫ֪ңݺңƷɣƷɣңƷɡ 
ʹѼĿ裬ڿһİˣ 
㲻ҪٰƸƷˣ죬֣ϰҿһҲ֪Ʒɶ㣬Ѿ御ˣ 
ʲô֣ϰóʲôö㿴 
һ״ӣһŶʮһظɱ˷Ż״ӣԭϪЩϰߣĺڣ˼Ҷʮһ˼ңҪ浽ȥ״ӵݳȥˣҲᣡʮһ˼һ 
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪ƷһҪŪң⣡ 
Ʒɳ״ӣ˵˼֣ϰѾˣƷɼҽõĳޣѾؽȥˣ 
豩ŽŴ£ 
Щ״ӲݳȥƷôգҽô񶾣֣ϰһϼ޻Ȼȥǣ 
ǣ᣺ĳϿҪģеʵֱǺͿűǣűߣ 
־־ѾһУֻκͰڣۿеĶҲʧҲƷɶȥŭˣţ 
Ʒڱ֣ϰշ㣡һĿģһŹҵģֻŻǣһȺħһһҪұƵͶ·˵쾯ͻץңѾعһˣʲô˵ǻҪչⶰӣҪŪ޼ҿɹ顭 
ѾؽİɽׯˣôҪⶰӣ 
꣬ 
ؽİɽׯǸŪֵģʲôȨؽİɽׯʲôȨռҵأ 
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мˣ֣ϰЩ˼룬ˣۡУҺƷĲĲ 
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Ľ֣ҽΪͩǳͩ󻼣 
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үֻƤˣءүΣգ˵ֻܾ 
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ڣҷһʿĲ 
ȫ循Χǰȥһ裬е񿴵ȣȫˣֻƷӭǰȥƷס֣Ằ 
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һλ˵úأھȣΣգҪһʱܳ 
һ٣վȡ鼱æס 
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ҽԺ⣬Ⱥڵĺ 
ĽףΪҼ֧ͣ㣡 
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Ʒ۵ͷҿңŲҴҶȥ 
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һε˵һεǹʲôվʲô飿 
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ƷɻˣҾҲˡҰƷǼ䲡˾ֲһԵġȵġõġġˡÿ죬˸Ц̸ֵòˡ 
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죬Ʒˬڴϡ顢浡衢ССġСȫΧڲǰ棬еˮеĵ裬еñǬеĶҪιƷɳԡСһõƻţ 
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ⱾдƣҲд˶дҲΪд˰Ҳд˺ޡطԼŸжȥдǲ֪ǲҲܸжߡ 
һϲԼƷΪЩ͡ӦС˵ѾúˡòƷʧܡڣҵĿԣҲ׸ˡ 
һƪС˵һ޴󡱵Ĺ̡˵дûСסⲿС˵ԼҲط⣬ܾãֲãǻ㲻áдûΪףԽԽˡϣҵĶǣܹһŰݵģⲿС˵ 
 
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