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϶è˾ڰ칫ǰ£һСŮӴչȤʵҵС㣬ʧˣ
ûæеı
ģ˻Ϊʧأ
˿ſҰ칫ϽľĪСᣬĽСʮ幫ֻаƴһ˫۾ȴձеŮСɤźܾˣһ䡰ʧŵĲĿ
˲磬һﾹҵͬѧͬ¼
ȻʱദҲЧٵĽ취ǾǳţĴڡ
㰡ȥһڷǳе֢ҿȥɣ͸͸ɢɢģкôĵĽ顣
ҷ˷Ҳ̫ˡ
ȥ
ЦСѡĿˣ˴жĿĵؾǡΰ󣬻Իͣ϶صĹʹ

µůΥ̫
ĺܾû棬õö췢ùˡ
ΣƲݣȫȻǣֻ౯ˡ
С˵Ƕ³Ҫһܵ
Ⱥʹ߽ԽԽţѵɲ룿ʧЦȥȫ졣
ͻȻҾһεǿǰߡҿܼ鼱ץסߵˡ
Сôˣ
ǹɢˣЦЦû£Բ𡣡
ǽ£̫ôůҵȴһƬ亹
գۼ䣬ⱻס纣ߴ̧ͷ죬ǵĿУȻһҫ۵Ļ

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С㣬С㣬𣿡
ڽ
۾߾ȻŸʮСŮһ
С㣬ˣūȥ֪ͨү
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Ϊ׵Ų೤ۣ۾Ŀ䣬˸󣬵ü˳ۡ
ңϼʳһֵɡ
ǿӴ,Ϊʲôۡ
˭ڸ˵˵ʲô
ղŵСԭվҵĻ̡硱һűߣŵ˵үС㶨ǲͿˡ
ǸɫδĿϬɨң̹Ȼӭӡ
ڣڵ㲻ѯȴʮ㡣
ҵͷ
һüڵϵСһұȻֻޱûס
ûѡ˵
˲ĮҶɣзɿĸλ
ʲôطôʳؼ⡣
ЩװˣʽĺľҾߣ񻨵ֽ
ӵͬŹ㿴ңȴһӦңֻðĿŲϡ
Ǹüø,˵Ŀдһɲŭϡ
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ʲôˣΪʲôҶΨǴӣ
ҵ°ͣ۾¶ȡ
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СĲǵˣӺˮүСŸհ͡
С㣿
СҲǵã㰡Ҳ긣үĲร
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С˹ҵ죬С㣬ǿүĻӺǧˣ
һҵ˼ŵʵ˵ǿӺรã
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תۼѾһˣİͻҲ˼,һ㣬ָʲôʱˡ
ҫۣ𴲿ԭѩˡСƶ˽ϴˮֻ¾´ˣ𱸵С㣬պãɱܺˣүʹС㵣ġ˵ס֪Ĺ,мĳЦЦ,ϰҶл.ϴϣԹ㣬﷢ˡ
ëѩȻûͣұСԺ˵ʵҲ̫Ϊʲô㡣ֻʶСƺǸֻһүûˣνҵĽ㡣
磬ѩͣˡСƽ˵С㣬ղүС˳Ӵȥ鷿С˳ء
ЩƣҲ֪ʲôİûȨġСưһͷְһ磬ҵſڡ
ǸС˳ӣҲʮģҿͿġҸҹյشԺӣһԺ䡣ԺܰС˳ߵһſڣž鷿ɡغүˡ
˺һҲû֪𣿾ҵȵòͷʱ洫ɡ
С˳ӹҴţ˽ȥûְŹˡ
̴㣬ů¯ůֻͣǹЩ鰸󣬻һɫۣĹߣ˱˹棬˿С 
ү밲Ҷ˸ӣЩСѾѻǽ̸ˣֻһϰԳơū澡˵ˡ
һƬţҲ֪˵ʲôĬվ.֪дЩʲô,һ,ڸ±,ʵӺˣ֪Ϊʲô,ƹĵľ,³,ȴ䳹,˸оһ˿˿ů.
,Ͻصͺˡ
˿ɻ룬Ͽлүģū尲á
˵ͷʵЩͨˣ
ͨͨʲôҲ˼ʵ
üû˵
룬߹հ˹յˡҽ˵үҪˣҺܼ򵥵ģ㿴ҾʵġĲү˵ʲôҪʲôأû߹ңҺܱġ
վߵǰ棬ͷҵ۾һ,˵:˵һ¶ܰѲʧˣҲˣ̹ܽܽ㣬ĸҰӣҿʡˡ
ԭ˼֪ԭˡĻصֻүҪʧˡΪ,Ų,ū,ūʲôǵˣ˼޴̸𡣡
ֶҿһ̹Ȼӭ۾,ǧ꺮Ƶ̽ˣҺܼ򵥣ǲţѽ
أֻſ˵С˳ӣ֪ͨСƣӽᵽիҲź򡣡
,һŲ뿪ˡԣΪ֪Ч







ҴҾסĵطիԭסĵطˣǸĺԺԴŵ鷿ҵԷмԺӣǳͲҡȻеĳмҵĸо
ðԺΧܶܿſľȣʹ꣬ôɡҲ֮ɴԺмиԲεĶʮƽҵСˮأ˱Ժŵĵط˼һùܴԺӦǺİɡ
С㣬ݰɣѩ䡣ѾԺվ˰ˡСƾְıķҲģݡ
Сƣ೤ʱˣݺʵ
СãҾˡûʣΪܲ˼Լ˰ɡ
ôû㣬֪𣿡̽ʵ֪Ϻ֮ĸΡ
С̾Сһֱ̽С㣬իκ˶ܽģʹҲҪү׼ܽ
ףô֣ǸܵطΪʲôҪסЩɻ
Ȼ㲻ܽҳȥܿ˰ɡ
Сƣü·ȥɺã
СЩԥ.
İɣȻүǰǸСԺǾǽˣõģοǽôû̽ҲǺ룬ջǴȥˡ
Сƴұ߽߱ۡԭիոֻһԺѣкöԺ䣬ģรģģģ˵ĵȵȡիҪݻһЩիֱ͸үһ䡣ոүķݻҲޡ
˺þãڵϾסԺ䡣
һϸŮӭ˳žϰɣĺƯ˵ϡֻδڣҵ֣
Щ̣̽Ľе㣬ĪҪѹû¡
˻ֶ˺һȷûֹ֮ͣ˿ү˵û£ȴһֱȥ㣬֪ڷ㣬ֲ֪ˣ켱ˡ˽ݺֲûΪӺĳء
˵ŻýѾ˲裬һڣʵүôסիأԭǺͬס𣿡
ʵص֪
˵ͷֵү˵ǲôǰˣ𣿡
ҵͷ
ۣˮֻҲٿ⸱ģͷ
һ˵ã˽үǸصˣˮݵ˶ˣСΪҪչ㣬ֻһµǮ˶˱ӡ
ȻǸĺļһԭô˰ԲŶĬĬĵǸ
ôûǣأ
˴µġ
ǻˣǰʲô
ͻȻ˽ˣʵ㣬ǰǸʲô˰
ңǳ谮ѽ֪֣ŮӸģ㼸ʲôᣬŮӲģ㵹ǶȫˡҰ˭ܲ㡣籾үŹܽ㣬㵽ͰѸֵ췭ظ
Щţ˵үǸƤӵ»˸𣿡
߳һ䣺ɺ˵ֽ˵Ǽүڼң죬þˮ죬ȷֵģˮ
⻰Щ˷ܣǾԭʶң
Ϊͻĸ˸еɻɣصʶ

ֺͽ㻰Щҳ һЩ飬ҪסүƤӵ£ҪעʲôġȻҾͻȥˡ
ȥʱҵȻࡣΪҷϽõĹϵĺܺ,ԭﻹмֵģСƺͽİҵģ鲻ǰЩˡҿԸõĻš





ط

ҺСС߽ԺԺܰҲû?ȥǹһ˿͵ɹЦ
ּһ㶼û.鷿š֨ѽһˣС˳˳˵ү롣
ʲô?!ѵûҵ
СƲĿ˿ңεؿЦһ,ȥ鷿
鷿үһʮ˾ҵӲվڴߡһأôСôüԭվ⿴ءͻȻ뵽սԺʱͷԵӣЩȡ
үκ˵վŸʲôʮү밲һضûˡ"
ʮүԭʮү!ҿʼһɫĳۣһĨЦֱͦͣ˫üȻչţүüͷ˳⣬ֻȻûܰүǸ黯
Ҵһ˿ζûɣŮӡϾŴŮûô󵨵İɡ
үһҲʧ̬ˣϽ
үʵȥˣ
Ƕ
ֻʮүһۣƺĬӡ
ʵùˣ
ʵûС
С˳ӷԸš
ͻȻеţʵҲҪԷ
˿ңÿɷ˵ϻ
ʮүȽģ߹ҵļ˵ûôصģ㲻õģɺˡĸ磬ȣȻףẦġ
ү⻰ݺݵʮһۣʮδһ㡣Ƕ˴˰ɡ
ʮүĻõģ˵óɣǳԶٷһִѵЩϹŶɣ
ǰѾǶˮ֣ȻһöŶӡࡱһЩ˼ү˿ң˵Űɡ
һٷƽҶ˵֪ͽСʳԡɡ







ƽʱүһ㶼鷿ӺȻ١أȥƽʱ徲⡣ʱӴүԺﾭһϸĴʵۡ
ˣСƽ˵С㣬Űɡҵͷ
һ˳ԷСԱվţѷһŵͷ
СͻȻ˵С㣬
һڷҭţ˵ʵҴû¿ӣָ.
СԶԷȥùͭݵ
һϸ壬ֹ֮縧˿ϣü䣬ӺСɵշǣҰѷɢһִķͣҿˡȻҵҵ"͵ͻȻ˰"οԼϳӯӯЦ⡣ĺֻһж翵Ĳʵ


úڣʲôҲ壬˭ڽңĿǾĵʹˡ
ĥˣţһʹ˹ԭҴӴϵˣ
š硱һˣСƺүһǰ.
ôˣ˿.
εЦЦûʲôСĵ´ѡ
ֻǱŨأỹϡ
ҴӵϱҹȻûпܣȻһкȻظǧٴΡ
ҷڴϺҸǺñӣָϵᣬ˵ûˣ˯ɡ
ᣬҾʩ˹һ˯ˡ

̫ɹƨˣǰֻҪΣҾҲ˯ˣҾȻ˯ú㡣
Сƶ˽ϴˮʵСƣүôͻȻС˯䣬ҵ´ǵ֣ôõأ
ҵĻСһЦС㣬ôˣ˯ʵǲǽ硣ү׼ȥϳжԹơ
ɻʵףҲס𣿡
С̾ѽЪ磬ʵүÿ춼æȻ˯鷿ˡҲܾûȥСˡ
ЩΪڳͷ㣿
СҡҡͷҲ.





ϰ

ôҲ˯ţ뵽Ժߡ£ŵؾ䣬ûгСơԺڵ,䣬Ҵ˸£Ͼˣ˰ɡ
鷿ĵƻţҲ֪ʲôʱˣֻ֪϶ѾˣΪСƶ˯ˡ鷿ȥҲ֪Ҫȥʲôҹж·ʵԼɡ
ûţƿС˳վűߣҽЩȣغү̧ͷ˿ңû˵ʲôͷдʲôҲúȤֲߣ˸¡ůͣҡҷƮ̴ζ,ֻܰüүֽŵ
˺һдˣӣС˳˵ȻȥЪŰɡС˳ԥһ£ֿ˿ң˳ȥ
үߵߣͷңĺڻΪϿĲаɡʵ𣿡
˰죬ʵүܾûȥ˰ɣΪҴĻ𣿡
üģƺܾ˵ӣ鰸˵˵𣿡
ǣԼµġ
˿ңһ˿Ц⣬˻ôС˼ͦϸ塣ұǴһʱ䣬Ϊû̺ܽ㡣ֳһЩ飬кܶҪҵȷûʲôʱ䡣ÿ鷿˳ҹˡ
϶˵ЩûԤϵģϾһĮָ߰ˡ
Ҳ,˳һ鷿ԭ鷿Ļһ䣬žҰɡĴ˵ÿˣû,ҡ
ǵģҲþݶϰɡЩŤĿһۡң˹ȥ𣿡䵭ȴû⡣
˵ϣͻصϡ
˵ʹŮҲӦЩ֣֪ܴˣʼÿҽϰ֡
ϰ֣ë֣죬ûѽ

үνϰ֣ҲдʫȻġ¶ѡҲ֪Լдж㣬ÿд󽻸š˫üʾжôĲ⡣˵ʲôÿдֺһȥϢԼ鷿æµ
鷿ֻǽС˳ûźүվƽʱдֵԣҽ˵дϵЩɡ˵꣬ͻص鰸£֪дЩʲô
º󣬷һ飬īδ,Ʋų.򿪿үָּһݣȴ㣬еɷζ
ҺһедţҶдëûȤȢ֮壬޶֮ģԻҲ̲ӣ̲ҲΥֻ֮ףʲôϲȫҲȫϵá˸ˣԼŮˣĪǡŮ롷ʵүǡŮ롷
ͣ±ʣ̧ͷ˿ң˵ͷ
ǰԡŮ롷ֻδݣһʵȫѵŮӵġϷ⽨ﰵ
үǿһĲмʵʲô飿
ƲƲ죬˵Ȣ֮壬޶֮ġŮһޣͲһ޶ҪһһơҲڡ
ĻһӲʻȥˣԶʧ
үû׷ȥŹǰĻѾˡߵǰǰվҲûҲ˵
Ҳ̧ͷҵĻǴ治˰ɡ
Ĭп̷ԽԽ¡
Ĭ˺һҸоһôǰ£ҵ°ͣǿҺӣȻҵ۾һһٵ˵Щֻ׼˵һΣԺĪ㼰ļ˶ƽ£ͲҪЩֵͷҲǡ
Ǳ£ֻܹԹԵͷֻҲΪԼĶ츶˳дٱ顶Ů롷Ĵۡ





Ϧ

ת۾˵˳ϦϦҹҪꡣȥ˽ǣϺһȥҲˡҲŲȥأʶǸʲôһָʲôʱͻȥء
뵽ȥЩˡǰÿιҶڰߵģ겻֪ôءţ͵
СƼҿˣżʵС㣬ôˣϦҹǲġ
ҲᣬʵСƣ𣿡
С㶣ЩˣССûмңССͱĸˡ
ҸϽǸԲСƣҲ¡
СƺȻҹˣС㣬ôСƵǸأСˣܲġ
ҷ˵ҵĺãǹҵˡףˣǳȥ
СƵԺԺܺڣҲܾիȴƺ֣һƬЦ
ĻȼԺӣ˲ʧ
СƱϾûôӵ£ת۾͸ˡС㣬ǳȥưɣ
ȥɣҲȥһ˴ţ徲徲֪˵ǲϳȥġ
ڣիֻʣһˡԺеˮر£ڵ鷿룬ү϶ˣôҲϢɣС˳ȻҲȥźүˡźҲȥˡŷ֣һֱҲֻҺСơ䲻ϲֵˣ˿ҲЩˡ
ҵĸĸһҲ˼ңҡΪʲôǰڼʱأӵʱϧứûˣɴˡ˺þãںЩˣйһ»ǹð
޹ˣϷʡ
ҷԵվҲ˲ˣʣʲôʱģ
ûлش𣬺ڰпı顣
޹˾͸ҵ鷿һ䡣
鷿˵ƣʵʲô
Ҳ˵ҲվŲ
üϲüĶȻɻÿɷɻɡ
Ϊ׷ʣֻתƻʵүû㸣ǣ
ˡǡôŮ㲻㣬ʲôרſҳ
û̧ͷңҲ˵塣Ǹ˾ôܸöЩʲôء
ΪػشʱĿڵЩû
ҲϢ𣿻
ŵֻ˸壬ʵƽκһûʲôͬ÷£ΪҲΪԲ
˵ЩҲֻҴûôѡЦԵѧҡ
ҡҡͷȻЦˡЦÿ,沿˺ܶ,˪Ҳڻ
ҾͷǰվţҲǾǡ
һʵɻ壿
ѿڶ塣
ҲȻСơ
ü壿
ĵĽ͵ܼ򵥰ųһֱ߾ʤү᣿
ҡҡͷδš
ЩʧΨһ尡Ļ˷ܣԽ̽ҡ
Ҹ˵ʵүǲʣ
ЦЦû˵֪ΪʲôҾԽԽˡ
鰸ԣϸظһ顣ҾȻӺʦֻʦ̫вˣ˼ʮغˣȻÿζҵѧЩйˡ
ſҵүִһӣЦԵαأʤ̵֤úá
Ȼ⻰Ǻã˸̨һӮһΣ֪ҡ
ƺܺãʵŮ롷𣿡
ҡҡͷ
뱳
ҵͷ
ָһҵͷ˵ԽԽûˣүʻȻֻҡͷͷ
ûһ˿ŭһ˿硣
ûʡŮ롷£дֿ˿˿òǡŮ롷
Ʈˮ, һ˼г޼ƿüͷȴͷףΪʲôдʫ
һһҵͷϽд
ҲҶˣվȥƽʱϰֵĵطһְסң鰸дԿдġ
ʲôԼд»Ļ˭Ҳû취ֻӲͷƤд
վҾ͸ˣòд˵һ֣һȣҵҶĿ
أȴЦһʦûá
ëʵƣȻҵһһдݶеȴסҵ֡ҵЩƺֻҪһ֣ëʾͻе
ţү˵
š֨ѽһˣС˳ӽˣϽۣ˵үȥ˵ۻӡҶڴء
ҵЩ΢ĴʹҪȥתһ룬ȥȥҺθɰ
һۣͷҲû̧˵ȥظ˵Һææ˾͹ȥ
С˳ӡһ͹ųȥˡ
ææʲôôûأ
ֻҵ֣ʲô֣
ҸϽרдҵ֡дһԼдˡƽʱֵĵط顣
д˺һִ֣ʱҹҲʮ˰ɡЩˣССĴһǷע⵽ˣʵˡ
ҵͷָϽصǵġ
ЦЦѧûͦ졣ǰԲЩأƽʱͺáһ˴ҪйأҪԳū澣ʻҲɵͷҡͷҪ񡣲ǰһΪòҪ鷳
ԭΪ˽㰡ôˣǺġֻҲȥЩˡ
СĵʵҿԲȥҲȥЩ˺ûʲôϵָʲôʱͻȥˡ
ˣ˵©ˡɫҲˣָ˴ǰı.
"ǲ̫ˡˮüˣҲûȥݼһضҪի㻹ܰȵع𣿻УȥأúܳʱŻó͸˸ùϵ鷳
ԭΪ˵ĻȥǻҢﰡôҲáⷬȻãҲΪҺãһΪѵȥɡ
ͷү˿ֵĿһӰҷ׷׸ү
ү˵ˡеλˣߣأҳЦЦ
ұߵľǸˣһŻŮ,ҸϽңº͵˵ˡľˣƸսǻˡү̵ĺá˵Żͷүһۡ
ү˿ңָ±ϵȰϡǶҶܿΪҵĵλɡıոҮӺ檵ҪǺϸġ
йҲ극ˡҲûʲôģͼŮһ죬Ҳ޷ûһ˵
ý㲻ע⣬͵˳СѾͷڻ԰Ǳ߷Ҳ˹ȥΪǰĶоǺңһȥǶˡ߾߰ɣһã
ӵϼҲҰɣҾͰǻؼҰɡҲҪŶһؼҵ·ҵҡ˵˵ţˡϽգգ۾գȥ
ȼڵϿڿо࿪ţϣ

ڶ죬˯ѡ
СԱ·Ưء
Сƣʲô·𣿡
СƸ˵ػص·үģ˵С㴩ϣһȥ 
һӴӴվȥʹϽ?
С۾ͷҵķӦ̫˰ɡ
ϴϣ·һ׺ɫĹװһð׺ëëӣ䣬Ǻÿ
СĽ˵ү˵ˣС㴩ɫÿүʱһֻ׺ģءС㣬үáԸ·ġ
ŶˣҺ˯ˣҲ湻Ժġ







ڽڴġΪ֮ǰҾվڹʹſڵġϣصϽܰͻԭĵطҶûʲô֮ǰ
žԼ续˳һһЦǷ顣ҵһδװү۹⣬·ϣרΪҶһҲǰ£һҾ·̬ǧ
Сƿҵģϲ˵Ҿ˵Сòϣպ֪ö﹫̤긮ء
ЦЦ룬ôһģôҵأһһжҡ

Һͽ㹲һҲǵһμ㴩װʣһӺݻ󣬲޹䣬Ƕǡүһλգĸݰ
ͷһүһɫĳۣһɫĶԽӣҲأû˵ȴһĨ⡣

ԽţҵľԽšڿԻȥˣҿɰ2007ֻMP4еӱ䣬ůյкöö࣬ҪҵˣҵѣҵС᲻֪жأȥһ¾Ҫ裬ȻСᳶҹȥԿϵûͣȥ֡
أָһҵͷʲôأЦôˡſˣ˹ǧӲźá
Ц˵ġҪˣ㻹Щġ

˹ˣôⰡЩ٣ϣ˳ŽǰߡʱԽãҾԽûġ
Ѿ̫͵ڽԱ,ϻû˺ܶ࣬ӦöЩ׹弰󳼰ɡ˶ǻĹװһʢķװ㡣ʢ,Уȴƺֻһˣ˽ҶʢңֻصҵʱĹҵӣƶУ۱ϲãǶҵġ޴ϣǵʧеĿעţ̧ͷүЩǣΪҳЦЦͷȲ衣

һƬЦ࿴Ц绨ĸ񸣽ǣĿȨϵжڶؿշһҪܶٴɷȢʳĵʧ䣬ɹǵĹ¶ʱʱܸܵɷϧ۰緢үǣֿǹӵĸܣŮʱǵĸƷǿĴʡ

ǲЩӹˣţŹġϼݵﰲ
Ҹ˹𿦡ָŴվλϡ
͵͵̧ͷǾǿʮҵӣͰ͸ϣƵоצƣܻƣ˿ȥǾڴϷǼλϸߵӣǸλ󳼸
ֿʼˣһŮ裬һڱˣһ,һ
ŴңֿʼˡôôùأԺ³ΣٶԼһ𣬶ңֻǹһ,һƻǡҵֻʣ±˺;ˡ
ȻоңһԭϽ,ҸϽվ.ֻʵ긮Сܺ͸ϣ
ҹĻصūǡ
ſʮվֻ˵ʰ꣬˵СܣɱжԲʵǰվŵĲһλ浾Ĵҹ𣿡
ҹһƬЦЩҲסʮǰһǱѽ?
ҲЦ˵ѾͷҥԣǶʶһ浾
ʲô
ʮɣòãǴҾһˡ˳Ļ˶ź衣
ǰС˵Сͷ۵ľǳ裬Ѳңؿʮһۣصū澾׳ˡ
ԱߵĽһģ˵㣬͵ſϷɡִҪǰҿôҿ϶̳һ!ôţе

ʲôأ˿ڶ뵽һ׸رʺǣתس
Ľ źԼ
ڻҰвԲ

 һ
ƴڰҪϮ
˭ⳡϷ
質 ֪к
 ʲ
鲻һ ﻹһ
Ų° ǿʲ
ɲǼ˽û
鲻һ ﻹһЩ
Ϊ㿪 ȴҹҹ
ɲ Ρ
ȫһƬžҲִ֪ڹʲôܣѵ̫ˣЩŮڵᣬ㡣ǳˡҲǰ̾
һȫڱһƬսݣĿʮҲ͡󣬿ʵʲô֣
ҵͷصϣ鲻һ
ֻ硱һƾƱصҲһվ
һͷүľƱ˵ϣǲչֳ𾪺ͲšٿѾλϣֻǶҡʲô





ƽ

תۣǴνҲʮˣүԺû˵ʲôǺһҲĹҵӡ
Թ緹ڴߵϿǡ
Сݵӽ˵С㣬ʮүˡ
Щƣô?
Сưʮý
һɫӣһЦ⣬һ̧ЦԵ֮òЩ񡣡˵ĺѺƵġ 
СƷ˲衣
ʵʮү𣿡
ϵЦһҪ²𣿡
æصȻǡ
ЦϷŰЦԭˣңЩգȴ޿κΡ
˿ڲ裬ЦĹĵӣʵԪƽڣȥ͵ƣ
͵ƣǿĽĿǡЩԥǺȥүû˵ҿԳ¡
վİɣĸҲû˵㲻Գȥ㡣һ£Ȼˡ˵̤뿪ˡ 

ڵҹεһ졣ط鸮Ĺܼһ·ɫĳۣżֻĻɫ幤ǳֹϵİɡһɫƤëĿ磬һ𣬸߹Ŷ塣
ˣһЩԥ״ҵߣİɣѺĸ˵ˡ
ҵһˡԭĵһүġ
ŴĵƻִֶˡСߺһƬ糱ˮ¼ɢˣطһֱǣҵ֡ұͲЩҲǣšůůģ˰
ǻƣƻԻͣϷ£衢ˣ֮ȸΡʨֻַǷǡʮ˼һ⣬ſױҹ©ֳ㡣
ҲֳȾˣ˵غ˺öŶ
طЦң˵Ԫƽڣ֣ͬͨþСҲɳ棬Ȼ˾Ͷˡߣǰڲµԣȥ
߽һȻڲµԡΧ˺öˣƶЩʫĹС㣬ҲǣûīˮǶۣöƯĻƣεģ״ģɫ죬ۻҡ
ط鿴˿ңʵҪ𣿡
ôױ𣿲Ҳûϣ󷽵ĵͷ
ĳЦЦ,Ҽ˽ȥ.
̯һ˼նû˲У£ֳһ:
һ´ǡһ֡
ط鲻˼ġ
̯ͷ͵Ŀֳһ.
طġ
̯ʣǰϦ
طĿһۣԪ
ΧһƬк̯һ״Ļ͸ңط˵Ӻò飬ò鰡
طΪӮ˻ƣҲõ⡣ȻᰵһԣǶ̯˵Ҳһգ¿ɺã
̯ƺܸȤС⣬ϴ
˵ڲǣײǣƸǣͺè·𣬼ȷǼַҰޣʫҲУҲУҲУԶϱģΪƷȴġ
̯Χ˶˳˼طҲͷ˼һĵǡԡ
ôƤ˵ϲˡ˵뿪
һƬOŮòһ˰֮ϡطĿ⾼Ŀңһʱ侹ЩԻˡ 
߳УԶ˵ƻ
ҹǾ׵ġϣ磬촵Щ䣬ϾǶҹطĴΪϣֱףܵ˵ʮ
סҵĻط顣
֪ػ֮ˣǿеط顭
ȻŮӼĺⲻԶط鼱˵ңȥһͻء˵ͳܹȥ
һЩëϾǺҹյңҹһ˿

طô᲻ˣӦòᣬĲ书ܳڣǻеĵٮٮߡµ,οԼ.
ţһˣӦǸˡЩµת뿪ûӣͱǯסˣҵĲӣһ̱ǵľζҿ־ţط顣
ٺЦһСǸѾҵȥˣ㱾Ӻú档˵İΪصĻѣҾֶӴ𣬲ġ˵꣬һѿҾٲ뿪
Ҵ޺ţſңطңطҡ
ŵϵĻԽԽԶҵľԽԽ䡣

֪˶ãǰ˵ƹ⣬̱ǵ֬ϢĻԼŮӽǷ˵ǼԺȻҴ˼Ժ
ҿ¥һ䣬ȻڴϣֲšҷԵŵص߹Ӱ£ϲסҵ°ͣа˵ڵƻһ۾㣬Ǹɶõ˶˵ֳطϵĴ멡
ҼšҪ־嵽˼㡣ֽĻסԼҵϣôһɲǵԥӼֵƣʹСҲδشʲôˣط͵·ǵҽ
ƺЩǡҳ׼˵ûıյĲรϣ㻹Ͻңıն㡣
ԣЦ˵үĸҲƭĹҡƫƫʶıգҲʶĲรң˵꣬һѳҵĿ硣
죬ôôΪʲôıյСӣ˵ʲôҲˡ
˺ҵ·Ҳˣƴĺط֡

ţ硱һˣطһǰһӵ
ҵ̧ͷط鿴ӣŻһ㣬һȭѴӴϴ˳ȥ
ûط˵ϳȥ
ǣʮ硣
ʮ磿˲ҡ
ҴĿһУطʹͰûڡ
ұͣ˵šԲ𣬶ԲҲãһ˴ǣҲá
㶵Ŀһƶ޹ء
ûӦЩҵضңûˣҪ£ѡ
ѹסޡ
·ң˵Ҫ£ظ





ů

Ҳ֪ԼôͻģоԼڴϣҡҷУкöӰǰζö죬ȴҲ塣ֻһ˫ʼռᶨұ֣Ҿİðȫ,ʹһƬУγ˯ˡ

ΧһƬѩףվڿտĵãȻĹˣҲ֪㷲ûκ׵ĳҵǰҲˣƣ̲סһ
СƻŻŵܹʵС㣬С㣬ôˣ
һ亹һĿ̲ס˸СƼ״£۵ذӵס˵ţҿС㣬С㰡
Ұͷˢҵ
Ļ,¾һ.
ǽ㣡̧ͷһ԰׵ĿңˮӲǾǿĲŰ
СƴӴĨ¡ϸظҵͷʲôû˵ʲôҲûʣֻ͵ĿҡҵĽ㰡
㣬û£û¡ȻЩʣסᣬҲҵ˵ġ
ˮң˵Զǽã۷ʲô¡

һ紵үʮүƿ˽˵ɫÿվ񣬱վڴߡҸ񣬱Ƕͬ˵ˡ
үʮүһֶۣŽ˵Ȼذɡûˡ˳ˡ
ʮү˹ͷ,º͵ʵˣûĲ
ҡͷ
²Ҫˣʮܺңû֪¡Ȼ䵭ģʹ£Ҳ᲻ùһ¡
ʮүҪĸĻ˵ôΪ˱࣬Ҳ֪
ȻĿǣʲôҲû
үǿҵǣ˵ģ㻹׵ģֻԿηһ²һ¡Ҳµġ㰲Ϣɡʮܣ˵գת뿪
ʮһЦһ㡣˵Ҳųš
ߺ̾ţǲĻӰǸȷʵɲ⣬ᣬ˼ȴܡڻңһʲôɲĵء

һڴϣʮүˣûֱңǰҿԲþ
߱˵ԽԽûˣүȻûһ˿ŭ⣬ȴų硣
ûлӦֻбڴŷҡڴ£ӵһ£ȴӵĸˡ
ҵĶһ¡
š

ţ

Щˣǲǣ̧ͷصʮүūڡ
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ᣬԶ˵
ȥɺã
ȥ
Ϊʲô
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Ҷ㻹̫ˡһĵ
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ʵħצ˹һƬҽյӰ

ڶط˱ոĥӲקӲǰ˳ȥոſվһƥߴİɫҹ⿴ЩҽŵʵҪ𣿡
ط΢Цŵͷ˧˧ģ⣬ʵע⵽촩˰ɫװ串ֱϵһɫ·䣬ϴһ˫ɫѥӣ˿Ӣˡ
һҵͷȤˮҪˡ
ҵˢһº쵽˶Ҹղŵһܻհɡͷõ͵͵ģ޲Ҹطȥ
ûټңһԾȻ˵
ûɣҲ˲ò˼ˣʵһƥ
һ˿ĻҲ⡣Ц⣬ڵſϷ
һЦ⣬ôأ
Ϊ֮ʣͻȻе䱻һѣȻ˾ˡ
طһִӺ§ҵһǣһûлָſĻ
ҶߴȤںùԡ
ƿֲңԼᱻˤƨɿ
ĹĵЦ⿡ʲõЦգƺⶼΪ֮ʧɫ

Ϊչңû޲ֻزǰС·˷׷פ㣬ĴǡϾһ۵Ůܵҡлǲģ͵ǿۺˡ
ůؿĻҫ̾
ʲôͷյҶʡ

һΪ˵һأһЦ˵š
ҵֺˡҵ˼

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طסȻҴϱһƬյأƺûڿĳҿĵط
ûпңңϲ𣿡
ܻʵػش֪Ϊʲô۾ҾƺЩ
ط飿
ţŤͷҡ
Ϊʲô
ɵ˦˦ͷ,ֳ˻ٴΰұϡΣӿٶȣϳ۳ңҲ£Ϊ֪ҵıӵңΣյġԼҲ֪ΪʲôƶⲢҵĸԡ
ԽԽ죬ڶߺ죬طҶߴʵ𣿡ҡҡͷЦּӿٶȡ
Ҳ֪˶ãֱۣͣӵһʯͷ£ŷϦѿɽˡ
Ϧ£ˡ˵
ˣӵ˻ҲؿȻ֪һжǺģֲ֪ΪʲôҾǵôȻû˿ıŤ
ϣԶô֡ܳϿңҸܵĵŨŨĹġ
ͻȻޣΪİΪĹģΪǿµһĻ
ҿˣ˿
ڰˣû׷ҵĿġȻһֱֵ£㲻ҾǾòģҲΪڿ־ԸԡҺܵ㣬ԲŻɢģȻЧ
ط顭Ҹжػһ̧ͷˮմʪ˳ĽëϾǷ׷ǹʣҺεº˹İ
ֹҵıЦԭ㻹Ǹ޹ء
ˣһмͿʼȡЦˡ






ԭ

ԺӺƽʮɵˣڣҵҲûʲô,ڸ
ȥ鷿ϰ,ҵëкܴˣүȻ˵ǽչüͷѿ˶ߡ
鷿һĵ.С˳ڰүо,үĿ飬ʱʱȿڲ衣
ȥɡ,үͷҲû̧Ӧ˵ƤҲû̧ͻȻ˵ôһ䣬Ҷ֪˵˭
ĥأС˳ӹ˵ͳȥˡȥү飬
д߹ȥݸ˭֪ҲûͷŵһߣǾ޽еĵһΣȻûмҵֻ֡һµСóһָȻҵ֣ҵĴָϡ
ЩܳƾܣֻȻ˵Űɡ
پܾˣֻù˵лү

طϸоָֻɫ͸һG֣͸ҲܿҰŽ˽һҪúñ棬ϾǴӺʵҵİŵִͳˣһֵǰ

ϣ͸һȦӫӫĹ⡣´򿪣ָȻһ㾧Ө!Ǻ棬Ȼ׽Ĵָ,ϴ˯ֻһδȡ

ʹ޷뿴ƫƫֶ㲻ʹʹһˡ
Ӵһ亹!еԼһʤѩڷʣһĨ죬ǰҲѪ߰ߣһϢһ˵ĻǸ˱ʹصûҵϣҵǧƬƬ
С㣬ôˣôˣС´ŵ˽
ûΪΪΪҿǸ˵Ǹ﻽ҵˣǸΪˣȻô
ƿվڴߵСƣǳ˳ȥЬҲûдֻ˯£ͷɢ
˺ܴ꣬ϵǻˮҵĽףմʪҵĿţȴоһ˿⣬ֻҪСں׷ңңҹ˲ֻֻҾͻһһҲȲȥˡ
硱һƿ鷿ţǱĳǰҵģүС˳Ȼһү鰸վСҲˣүĿһ˲˲ĶңҲԣûǸִʱңڹŴҲŹҵģ
ᣬ֪ΪʲôˣңԶΪʶΪ˼һ㡣ʶỽһطGСơͨһˣ˵үҪС㣬С㲻ġ
طG߹СƺС˳ӣš֨ѽһ£˺Ҳߵҵߣ̶̼ҿȴľ롣
ѰǧٶȣȻףȴڵƻɺ
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طGҿˣǸ㣬㣬ڿˡ
͸¶ţôˣ޳˫ҡҵ˫硣
Ļһ˿ѣǰôˣֻζѡȻҾޱȵʵʹ࣬ᣬΣҸͬܣϾΰ𣿵ʲôҵľֹ̫ˣ̫Цˡһˣ˵űߣЦһΪԼˣʵǺͿˣΪˣȴԭˡ
ųȥȴһűػȥʧȥʶ֮ǰȴǺһǵ񽹼ĺ

ʱڴϣŷֱסˡ
ˣ
ҵͷ
ڴ£˱°͵ҵͷϡҸоõĺЩţȴƿͻȻŲĿۣҳǹӣ̧ͷʵⲻҵ·
ЦһְҰ°ȻҵͷϣƵ˵·ʪ͸ˣҸ㻻ҵ·
ʲô͵һƿôô˰ȫˡ
һ޹Ϊã
СһҼֱҪըˣڶˡ
˫һ̯˵Ѿˣô
˵ָֻܷڴˡ㡭㡭
סָӵ֣ʵôʲô
뵽һĻֲ֪νֻͣöشаˡ
Ϊ׷ʣ˭֪ʲôҲûʣֻǾӵҡ








ģĴô̫ϧˡСԺеĹϴ˸ǧȻ˸档ȥżأҡΣ۾ůصԽԽߣߺķȹڣҾڷɣģôɣ޾
СЩģסңС㣬̫ˣΣյġ
ûϵġ
˵꣬۾俴үС˳һǧûͣȾȻͶص뵽ĸ׵Ļԭ滹治ͨӲ
С˹ңһŭ⣺ʲô
С̲ΡΡĹˣµĲɾ䡣ڵϣί˫ֺϥǻۣʲô᲻ۿ
һ˫ɫѥӳǰ̧ͷҲ֪˭ġŤĲ̧ͷֻ̾һңصԷҷڴϣʵˤˣ
ûиղŵŭ죬ֻʣ޾ᡣҲ֪룬Ӧģү
ͻȻЩ֣̿ʶҪԶҵЩŭֱҵ֣̲סƺһѸٷſˣͷšҵ˫ȫƤһƬѪģۣŹſڵСƺȥ̫򣡡С̵ײײܳˡ
ĶˣŲ˵ԿĿԼ˵žҪҵӼ顣
סԼӣ˵û¡
㡭
ҵĶǺһӴӴվ𣬸վڴǰıӰЩĪѹ
ˣһҵƣ˵ûд󰭣ֻƺϥǲƤѡһմ˿ڴɳȻָҷһںҩһ֮ү˵үصǣСֻǲˣֻҪڷձɻָˡ
⻰ԭüͷһ˿չСƸ˴ȥץҩֻʣˣּžĿ¡Ҫôأ򣿹壿߲׼ҳԷֻߡ
֪ʲôʱҵĴˣذһ¿ֱǯסˡ
Ժ󲻿ɺˡ
ûѵ⣬ûб䣬ֻŨŨĹġҵıˣůůġ
ԺСĵģٸү鷳ġ
ңطG
ҵǸҲԣҵѲỽһطG
Ժôҡ
š
֪ΪʲôҾرᣬûмҲ˪˿޳ҵıŸճӤһĸ£Ұ˯ˡ

˳ȻǲձˡطGȻÿҵ鷿ʱ飬ôˣ󲿷ֵķҲϵˣʱֻǾ￴ı࣬ŭ˫üʱʱչţ޳ëʷܱʼ顣
δĻʵۣδӱڻҪæµҪҲݵע˹ĶǣգʱʱСģӻ𣿿еѡ𣿴۽ޣŤ룺δķӿҲھҸİɡ

⣬ǿղãڻȾصִǿġڴ̨̧ͷǿգСƸ·С㡭
Ťͷһۣʲô˵ɣʲôʱôµģ
С㣬үá

һ᲻֪ᣬĺǻ᲻ֻ֪ǡֻһĨִĻǣ˰ͨˣǻʵۣгȺӣʲôأȥһв̸ʹѵõգʹֻһˣҽ򰡣ִҪһ򰡡
ҡҡͷҡǧգСƣЩˣϢԺҪ˵ֻˣڽǰ





鶯

ǴˣůıԺŻ㡣ͽԺŻƷ裬Ҳһ¡
ѾͷЦʲôأһڲ裬Ӳ˲ǡ
ƤһЦ룬㣬㣬˶ʵǲ
ЦԽԽƶˡһȥҪص㡣
ѽҶˡү˵ҪҺͽȥ

ͽһƬܿĳءĿһ޼ʵ̲ݣԶƺ̵ƺӣһӵ־ΧϰƥĿһߣСǣš
ҵ֣˵үأǿȥɡ
̧ͷһȻվʮ׿ĵطЦӯӯؿءүһЦѵһ澰
ǰŽ촩һɫװֱ串ϣ˿ҵۡ
һźɫװŮ˹ŵش˵Ӵⲻ긣ϴڹйһ֮ԵǾʮү𡣡
һ֮ԵôǵãҲǣһ߸һأôܲעأǰϰ־ͳ˵Ҫ͵ڿɺ˰ɣһŮ˵ǿҲ˳ۡ
һС˵ʮ
æЦū澼ʮ
ӴҿɲҵүǰԳū澣ūôܵأ
ⲻҲŭͷȴǺƢЦšԼûûٵģϢ˰ɡ
үϵЦҲȥңָվһߵ˶˵ǰ˰͸Ű͸ʮ͸ʮİ͸
һһⲻǰүѵүү𣿲ᣬʮûҶˣҲʷûչǸˮݵĵز
ѺõĶ΢ЦЩյһһˡ
ʹӺϳɡ
үһҶը죬ʲôҡҲѽ
Ŀ㣬ȴһҺĵģ
ֻү˵˵տӳɡ
ޣġտأ⡣
үҡҲ
Сͻ磬¶¶
һǫĽȻҲģҲǰȷѣֻǽҡ
СƲǰɣ˸䣬С㲻顣
ʮǸʲôޣһ˵һ˦һޣƵҳ˲м
ҸûʲôᣬѵΪʮΨһĿܣ
ûܰ˵һ仰ֻʮܿڣʲôأүһˣҲֻš
һҧȥˣʮáūֻһľ飬ǺʮүͬһûмԣֻǴһ¶Ѱɡ
ҵĻȵͱʹǳԴͳԸɡ
ɫһһףһ˦ޣԾ޺޵ϼ򡣡

ҲΡΡϣֱǰ˸ʮʮĸǸӣȫһֲʧµװҴװԭֻΪӦġ
ʼˣŬطϳ۳ʱӣƺƽûܶԶ˾ţûرһţϾЩסˣҡҡ׹
ԷɰٶȳĻŵĴ󺰾ȴҺԶұߵͷͣʵûһˡ
ˣںšҪ֡׷޹סͻȻ˻һ͵ͣסˣ̵ԴƵıˤûԤڵʹ࣬о˱סңڵϷ˼Ȧסӣ۾
ôû°ɣ
ſڵϣѹҵϣһַҵĺϣһסҵɫ԰ף޷εľš
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طG
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˿ǰ״˰ɫҲѿԸҽȻָ̧طG
ĿŰ˰磬˿ƺһþĵݡ䣬Ƶʵû°ɣ¶Բԣ££
סҵ֣򶨵˵¡Ȼ󲻹˵Ŀ⣬һѽҴ۶ȥ

ԶҲ˵ԵطGʱǾı飬ǱһУ綼̮һǲҰ׵ɫҵʣ֮ȥ

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𣿡
үԸġỨҵ֣˵Ҫ㣬ú˵Ѹ뿪˷䡣

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ſˣûлͷطG֮⣬Ҷˡ
ѾͷΪGҲGˡ
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ϲػش⣬ˡ
һҽˣһ֮ϲɫ˵ػϣүƽͣԵѪѻˣϲϣϲ





ì

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طGһװɫ˯бڴ߿飬а̾һͿʼˡŵһߵϣһۣε̾˿ӵ˻ûһԸΪҸһʲôɿɾܾ
ӵң˺һ˵ҡ
ס죬ҡҡͷ
ᡣ㲻ᶪҶԲԣĶңһ׷ġ
ңԭ̶Ƶ˫˿顣Ħҵ૵һ㣬Ѿ޺ˡ
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һѵһҵӿǰһУҿٵشطGվŵؿŽ㣬֪ôͣʵô͵أţ֪˶ãֻطGһӣ˳ˡ
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С˳ȥһҩߣ˵үúҩˡ

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ط鴩һϵĳ۲֪ʱվҵǰ˫ü΢ţ˫͸ǡ
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ҵıȻİӵû˵ֻḧҵı
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Ļ˵ĺ䣬ڶ˵ڿŲ֪Զ
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ĸǻģܷ𣿼ʹ֣Ҳġ
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Ҫ𣿡
ڣ㻹£
ҡУ
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û֪ͨСƣҳš

ڽСطһһȦסҵ
̣ŨٿݻƣҶǵءƲݵر̲ݵأ׺Ų֪ĸɫҰ㻨㣬Уɿݺ϶̥ǣⰻȻ
·ߵҰũѿʼæŲˡһȻľɨȥյ̵ҰƬ̵ĺ۵С·̵ľͷæũˣеǣˣĺͯһĻһƪľ˰ƽ͡
ĺµĿƢ
͵磡
ϣԶһƬ͵УûзţûǳûģֻҸ
ϣʹ뿪ռ䣬Ȼܹжļ䡣
˵ʲôɵҽ


ҵдģˣȻһֱģµĶطGֶ֣˼ġдõϸ꣬иʦǲ
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վ˵Ҳףձĸ׵Ŀգף
첽űߣһͷ뿪
ţűߣʵ֪̤ţҰˡ







ܿ͵ˣطGڸС͵ļ磬ط֮ûˡ
Һͽһ̨ڱݸ裬ɽ۾ȴδ̨һۡĿһֱɷϡ
طGϷԱߡ֮˼̨ףȴƸ˳ɽ롣ĳҺط֮⣬檾ĶŮʲôٿߵĽ㣬ǳճյĿ⣬ʼû뿪
ǰľƱһڹȥǺ̲ס˼ǵͨ졣عűţ޷ǾŮӲȾƣʧš
㣬øˣٺһòãء
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ٺˡ˵ǡѾҲԥŲ֪òõơС˳˹˵ү˵ﲻٺˣȶ
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ͻȻľ̳ˣžһڵϣȻ˱ϤĻطGġ۾ƾңϣܹҾĺǣûбˣֻǡ
оԭλϣȥ±ߵλáûпңҿĻȻС˳֣С˳Ӿ١ѵҪĿ֮±ҵ٣
۾β˵ۡ𣬻ģģ۾עңôרעеĹ¶Զȥˣҵֻõֻһ˿Χסңҵֻʣ
ᣬۣݣȴҷ·ҪȥһħŲĿ⡣滺˵飬ΪҸƽʹ˽ۡ۾ԼġޣطG





 18 

꣬ưö¡һȥδ顣ɳ˲ȥѰȴûšѰҵĵǡ
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϶ȻҲµһһ
ԺġСûҵû˸ҽ԰ľ





 19 

ҵҲûаҹĵďǳ˿ɶ϶һȲݵҵůůĲ裬ġҲԼίҵҡҡͷ
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ˣ̫ůȥɹ̫
һֱȻգֻ¸϶Ҫ鷳һֱδ̤š
δһشһůĻطN⣬̱Χ۾Ҳδеʡ΢΢۾ȴϸĵطN֡ŵ˵ôˣ۾
΢΢һЦûϵֻ̫û⣬е㲻ںöˡ
ǻȥ˵ţҪ
żغҪһһأûµģġ
ԥһڻǰҷԺ
Ժ¼ζһЩҽвĻ㡣˫ڿţǰûϰʱǰŲ˫ͻȻסյĺýЩʹ
ʲôҰ㡣
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΢ŵ̾ϢҵҲһƬҡ

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үҸôأʲôˣôܹأ϶ȻǱѩЦһһưүΪղʵүÿ춼ֻվ⿴ȷﰲú뿪ˡΪβҲ϶Ҳ
ŶԭԭϰµͻȻðˡ
ᣬȥմ֣岻á
ȷЦַǷСȴһƬԼĻ磬϶绨ͣȴҲҪ
һҪ鷳չˡ֪Ҳȥ϶Ƕȥġ

С㣬㡣ֻ֪үһŮӣȴ֪ɫǵŮӣҿҪ۸ˡ϶ңЦ˵šСһģţȴί
ԽԽתĸס϶˵Ϣһ£㲻ңһȥʱ͵ҡ
С㣬⿴ǰȥɡ
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ԥ˺һӣµһʯϣǧ뿪ˡ
˫ۣΪʲôܸоõĴۣȴȻʲô
һŲ̸ԽԽ
ĸ磬ҿɲˣҪȥˡʲôҲ벻ۡط
ţȥɡͳġһǣӵ
һŲܿ󣬾Ĭһ󣬴һ̾Ϣ
ˣҵһ֪ԡ
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ԭԭûЩʧ䡣ʵ
Ųؿһŵվ˫ڿţ֪в֮һһҡ˫ִһûж룬
ŲͣҸղĵطõҵĿҪӺĳˡ
ҵ㾿ֻҪţžͺá






 20 

һǣӵ˴˿̾ҴֿɼĵطûվҲһȱң£ֱҽҽҧ´Լ֡
ĸ磬أԭ
طN
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һȴǵص˼ίûɣ˫ֽӣҶվһǣҲܡ
ٵĽŲ𣬡ⰡһҲءǻȥɡ
һʱû˷Ӧվԭء
϶ܵߣ̧ҵ֣˵ǻذɡ
ҡͷ˸㲻ƶǻδԶҲطGҡ
Ȼ϶Žеôˣôˣǲﲻū澸ūȥҴ򡣡˵žɿҵܿˡסȴʲôҲץס
ԶſǻĽū澲μİ˰硭ʲôҲˡֻ֪ٲǾҪˡܿȴ֪ʲôסһˤڵأ˫ϥۡҵĽŲҿ
㣡һ˫еַң˫ַҵ˫磬Եվšҵƾ˵̵ĺˮи˵ͷת뿪Ų˫ȣ˵һЩĻ³ڵľȻһĺطG
̱ӵһůĻڲ˫§ס۵Ըӡϸҵľ䣬ȵҺ˳ӻĻﲻϵĿЩӵĿֻšį˼ȫһڶ˳еίҵ˷йĳڣȫˮйĻڰֻҸеȫķɵ
΢΢̧ͷץҵսġ
طGҺ뿴㣬ҿһƬɵģҺ¡
Ƭ̵ĽӲظҵ۾ĵͳ˵¡
򵥵ȴһҵġôһֱֲ̿˿ڿж·ĵؿû뵽Ȼ˯ˡ






 21 

Ϊʲô
طG
Ҫңشң
Բ𡭡
֪Щôÿһ۾ͿںңҰԼһǧһ飬ҺԼ첻óȥҺû˿㣬뾡˸ֿܵĽǣŭ㡣ΪΪֻҪ㻹ܻһģΪΪҵĵģԣûһǻزһΪѾҺ㲻ϣҺҲĵطˣûչˣûǻ㣬ܵ۸ԭֻ飬޴ĿЦʵõĺܣõĲԸõ֪߻ӱң
ҿ޺ŵ´ڵţץס۵°ڣطGġ۾ͿˣңԼܲˣѡ񣬿ҵûһ뿪㡣ԲĶԲ𡭡
Բ𣿶ЦôĵǣҶǣֻΪԲ𣿡
Լãܲȱݵҡ
ݺݵҵ֣ҾԭֻȻ˲ߺˣѽ
ҵĴ˲հףĲҪˣȻֹסˣظҪߡ
ûҪߣ
վһƬûĿĵţŲŲŲǧءɻûһͱصĽ§סҹĶҵĺ󱳣ȵϢڶߣ
ҲߣߣûУ
ͷһθеԭҲп겻ʲϵʱҲ˲ԼĻҲẦµģһУΪңΪҡת§޷ֻסʵ֣֤ţģԺ󶼲뿪ģұ֤׺䶥
סҵĻ뿪ٶʮ꣬ҳҵ£ͣһ˵Ҫ֪ҵȻвŮˣԺҲֻ࣬ҵ㣬ҵŮӣҵΨһΨһ
ҵţһͨŮӣεºܣ֮Ӵٳ边Щš
طG˵Ķģ
Цɵϣ
ϣͷŶͷղŶԲ𡭡

ˤûУ
ҡͷ
§뻳£ᵽҸԭߡҲߣǻҵҸ





 22 

峿һСưųﲻͣ߶Ҳӷ¡
Сƣȥ㡣
С㡭үˣ׼̤ի
ʲôҪҪ˵վ
Сͷûء
㲻ȥԼȥ
Ȳѣֻôȥ

ôˣͷҲ᣿
һŲȵϢվҵԡ
Сƣȥɡ
СƺԱ̧ҵ°ͣôˣ죬ˣ
ΪʲôҳȥĹĵʵ
ж㣬۾˵
˵űϣϥͷһеŭɢ
ԭʦģһΪء
ҵ˲쵽˶ӣû뵽ĬҲ顣ӵϸݵۡ
طGݡ
ҵͷæһӾͺˡ
æʲôͷľ䣬Ķ
̾һ㲻ҪʣֻܺúϢ̫ҽ˵ˣ۾ûʲôˣΪʲôǿأ
ԭĺɰããһƬҲöþͺءҿοʵԼҲûףܸܵĴĿֵܷҹֻʼտӰ
һ̾۲ѡŸգû¡
ץסҵ֣¡
ҵĳԽԽˣͷˣһضûˡ
㷣Ұ
㡭
֪᲻÷ҡˣЦš
ûңԱߵ䣬ڴϣЩˣɻ
һⲻС
ҷԣѾɵڴϣЦԵģֻһѡҵģҲܲ
Ǽۣһ˯ˡһֻ첲§ҵϣҲ³Ҳ硣

һɲѰȽѣͷҲȰѵȻ̣طGôˣﲻ
û¡˻ƣ
￩һ£ˣд򡣡˵׼´
ȥסңж㣬𵽴ܡС˳ӣ̫ҽһˣסš

̫ҽô
ﲻصģİֻżз纮ҩһ޴ˡ
һŵ˵ء
طGҡ
СƷ߹ȥߣޣû¡ֶ˵²ɶҲø֪ġ
Ӧˡ
ָĨҵᣬЦСɵϣͿˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôֹסᡣ
ѵΪ𣿻˼ϣ۾޺ء
𣿹ֲҾ˫Ŀء˵ˣ°ɣ˵ͺˡ£ڴߣҵ֡

ҹ룬ߡ
ڴߣ˫ۣʵʲôҲ֪Ϊʲôһ˫۶̫ȵʹУҺϲۡطGڴϲķȥղˣ߽ﲻϣЩţ̫ҽ˵һ˺ûˡ
ȥˤţСġ 
ġ
ϵؽҵ֣ҵůʹս֣Լ
طG͵͵ػ۲ѡ
䡭䡭ͣ䣬СޱһһظϣǲϺ䡣
С㣬ôǷү͸
ôأһʱû⡣
䡭䡭طGס߽ӱסͷǸȲˡ¸ߵ֣ǳٳٲϳѾѣ⡣
ôôطG㲻Ҫҡ
ɵ߱סѹ˲ֻ֣ϣܹʲôҪģ߽

ĴУ۾һ˫ӡٱ䣬ůᣬ顣ûϷʣ࣬Ҫһǰ˻ΣƬ̵㶣һС
ͻȻӵһΪ㿴ˣΪֳˡһ죬һܹؼġҪ̤Ҵ峯ĴúɽһõƯ۾
۵˲䣬ҪԶأ
˲̣Ǿ۾㿴ͣܡ
Щݣ˵̲ס
ϧ㲻һͨˣĻһжġﲹ

ע⵽ѱʪ͸ˣæɫٳ죬ûвĸ£Щ԰⣬һж
ϲ´ţСƺС˳Ӷְվ⣬ү׸ɾ·׼Щ嵭㡣ţȥѽ
һͷһͷײطGĻҵϸضţ۾˹ʣȻֿõˣҵֿõˡ
תȦ˵ЦİһһеĿѺ񶼹ȥˡ






 23 

԰ٻţ˱ǣ۷ڻڿз裬һƬдУȻؼػɣŲӯҪһ
ΣŮҪие̬
ۺʱǲǽ̵ҡ㣬ãһοɺã
ҡϸĸ첲Ȼã谮һЦҰѾͷҲ֪үӰĵ㣿Сģˤˡ
ظǵһκͽ棬ⳤõķ룬֮ĸǸһ㡣ԭеĽҲʧˡ
һһ㱡ߵ԰еͤȡЦ㣬öˣᣬô·ˡ
壿
ţܲÿһӣһӣ֤·ꡣ
ЦܲҲܸɳĸҹ㣿ŮӼټҲܵģڹˡ
ٹ̵ĹϲɽϵıѩҪڻʱĻĴ󱳾£ô֮ıʮ˼ء
ղŵջã˿ȴ֪ƮһƬơ
үɺãһӲ̫ãҪСźš˿ڲ裬ˮĴۺЦңûԹޣûмʣ۰
ЩΣŵ˵áҲû˵ǰ£طGȻ˵Ҫţһԭ
ָҵͷһȰĸڸԼŮ˵Ҳˡԭǲϣһٻ֮ҵģеССܳܵġ˵ˣۿˣʵ̣ס֡
Եҿү㣬԰Ѱظ󣬼իҲδ档
һ̾⿴Ʋ£ȴֻʾһ£ԣвٺΪΪ⸮һӡ
ĵıΪҶѵǲԤĽ־һǱҵ
㡭
ңֻ㡣ûȴްպ졣ϲɵġ㲻ָ󸻴ֻϣ޵Ŀģ˳ġ
˵үϲɣ
ĸ׹вϲ£ĸٻӵܲɣ
ҪԼ˭˭
㱯˵ң¶һĨЦĸŮӿΪԼοǱеˣӲ˵ġ
һĨƱһƬס̫ڵ⡣԰еĻҲʧȥԭĿɫ
㰮ү𣿡ѿڶ󵨵ҵǸⲻĽᡣ
ĬǳĬڣҰᶨ϶ɴ䡣
ҵ˵ʲôζϣġ
ǽԹȢһһ
ҡͷЦôأôң檵̫ˡүѾǲˡ
ԭǽ뷨ôȥأʱеŮ˿檶쾭ġ
𣿡ϾҶɷеĹע
ɵϣôأû㣬ҲбŮء
˵Ƶᣬҵȴʹѡ
ȫס⣬£磬Ҵ˸






 24 

ðܻիѾʪ͸ˡֱӳ鷿طGһ£߹ʵôˣ۾źôˡ𱸵Ŀǣִڲסۡ
֪ΪʲôûͷûԵؾͳµȢô˵ù𣿼Ȼ˲ΪʲôҪȢô࣡ǵĸ㰮𣿿ǰ㰡
С˳񱻵ѨһվԭĿɿڴطGɫ˲ࡣ
˲ɣݣǾΥı䣬䵽
˵ʹˣ
Ҳǲǣ˭ָ˵ʲôòͣ죬ִĲҺù
ĪίҲطйԣץŮ롷һ˺ãӵϡֶԺҪдҲҪ㣬Ҫؼңؼң
طGץסҺһ֣İұӵڻС˳Ӻ㻹ȥû
Ŵ˵С˳̻Ѹʧǰ
˸ղŵı䣬ţԣԡ
ڻҡţںһճӤĽָ֪ڻıһʡ
Ŵ̧ͷȴ³һɫѿĻطGһѰգΪԼѡ𣿡
һӷſңӳݷĳ仰ҲѰգ˵޸𣿡
ҡ
Ҳ޸𣿲ҵķİ
סҵ˫磬һһ˵ֻҲֻң
󺰵ڶеһһٱ䣬㲻ҪҵʱҪһʧȢ»ʱҪףҲҪҲҪ
˻ģһġ
ҽ׷ţȢʱȢʱȢϡϻŵʱҲ˵Ļɣأղ֪£ôܿ϶ǵĽͲҵ죿
žһһˤߣֲڵƤĵۣϻģӸµĶң޺޵˵£
ӿƣϣᣬҵطGǴ峯İ硣˳ӵĹ£ûһᡣ
һ߻λԣԽԽ֪ߵغˣԽ㣬Խ޷졣úóͽ㣬Ժѵˡ
ӲĻصҪб¾һؼңиĸ̣ò㡣





 25 

Ļᡱһˡ
ûҵ׼ֵʱ˵һˤˡƽʱľ˺£ŭɫʱ˿־塣
͹ţҺΣ

콥ڡϥľû֪ҲףղԼôԿȴû͵͵վ˵ʵЩڵģϾʲôֿԣ֪ںңңֻڣԺأǿҵĲҷ겻һĹмҵһζˣʱɿܡҰѸĳ붼ѺϣңҸô죿ػȢˣʷΪͣ½Ų

֨ѽһſˡһɫӰվԱߣòҲ֪˭ЩڴЩڣһЩա
ûеƣֻվţ˴˵ĺԼһӣ̲סˣ뿪ڣȴ˵֪˾
ҵȻ֪ˣ֪ΪΪдΪ
Ų˫ȣϧͽ޹
Щˣôû򹻣
ǣˣˡͻȻίЩޡ
ңϤĻϤζҾȻҭҭĿ
ûжʣҵı
㲻ˣʡ
أƽϲŭ
ûֻǺ¡
ʲô
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ô᣿һġ
ҳĬ
򣬺վš
ҡһҵһһ㣬ǻ㡣
кܶţ࣬ôҵһϯ֮أ췴˵ѰһһóԶĳŵ
ȷкܶɫɫŮˣΪԭΧҵߣǣߣȴֻ㡣˵ϣҲòš
ݸһ£ֿ˻ȻŮһöȥܵĶдЩǰѰչˡ
ҷ˴㻹ͷ𣿡
ᣡ˵նҶĻתȴ뱻סһһܡ
øж㡣̫Բˡ
𣿲Ҫ˼롣ġкʵĻᣬҾ͸ʰּòã
ҺߵͷĬa˵㣬ԲⰮڣ޷ֵֻ۰һΡ





 26 

ӻ˿ʮĶ졣
㻳аˡҲΪˡֻȴԽԽԸڸˣطܡ
ѩˣ׷ĴѩϢ¡ѩǵϵԲ׵εıģԺ÷ʢˣϡ֦Ѿ϶ѹźһѩ֡ǧ滨ľվԺŴȻĺ񡣼ǵøյʱҲѩ֪ȥˣҵŮѼ˸ˡ
鷿š֨ѽһˣûлͷ֣ϸָϻطG͵ָƬѩƮģʧΡһֻ޳סұ֣һұһůĻ͸ڶߣ캮ˣƤ
סͷļϣ˫ۡѩ죬գֻ뾲ؿĻʲôҲҪ˵ǿ͸ҵ˼Ĵ멸סңվ캮ضСӵվѩУҲһķ羰
һʵ͹ûУ
ҵͷ
ᱧң鷿ȥݣҴϵѩʵЩ춼طȥˣ
ĵػصûȥģڸתת
̧ҵ°ͣң㲻ģ
ûСҽӣĴơ
̾һҵգҪϰҲȥʰּҪ㣬ҵˡ֪ΪʲôȻߣܾò֪ʲôʱֻҶȥ
ġѪ˿˫ۡúúϢһӣȥܲˡ֪һû˯
֮ﰡвأᱻˡû˵ȥǲҲģתʵܾûˣȥߣɺã
ߵǰƽϣһĨЦݣ˵ȥˣſˡ
˵仰ʱҵϹЦʵʹޱȡˣԼ㻳ĺҸøˣ⺢ӵİҰ˰Ƿεʹֻס
طGߵҵ߶£ıܲȻɫҲÿԲ
ҿЦҺܺáܲ𣿲Σ
һƬŵĳĬϢ
洫С˳ӵүʮүˡ
طG¡ŶʮҵͻȻһЩԭһֱĵ
ططG񣬾Цңȥ䣿
һĻŭţطGܵߣ˵֮ã
У׼ȥطGĿӲЩգղŵĸһɨա
ڼˡ
Ϊʲô˶ֵܰشڸƫҪÿܣ
ΪǶҪӣ޷ӣ¿ҡʶ⻰ô壬Ҵסˣ˵
طGɫһһףҲ֪ǲá
طƲԣæ˵ĸ磬ģһȷİȫ֤ˡ
طGһ£˵ͷҶת뿪ָţ˵ط飬СƸ硣






 27 

ţѾˡ
ΪʲôŤͷط顣֪Ϊʲôɫʧȥʡ
׼ϳͻȻסҵ֣һߣɫӵ˵Ҫȥ˸縮ϡԸ⣿
˰磿ԴӻصӺұҲûȥطG˵еԻ׼ȥ
ЩԥΪʲôҪȥ㲻үˣ
ط̾˸Ⱦ˺أټϻʰǳ˰˸ġ֪ĵģȥҲЩ
ҵ˵ܣ߰ɡ
ذԼһšȻů¯ȻϺÿϵӣһƬѩסȻѩڼ£ȴв˼ѿʼɨѩ·ϵ˺٣вٵĺͯˣطһ·û˵Եء

ڵ˰˰ĸϡ
˸һݵˣҲ˲ڣҵ˵ˣǼүɾȫָˡ˵߲ᡣ
Щ㲻״ʶ˵Ҫѹү󣬲µġ
סĵͷҲϵᣬҲѹ
طü΢ţң˸СϺҩҲ̫ҽȰ棬ȥȰȰҲûˡ
ڰ˰ҺʱҪĵλҿɲġ

Ǻ˵Ĳҩζϵˤҩ룬СĵӹЩĴƬߵǰϵѾ˯ˣɫ԰׵ˣȧǸͬͻĿԭģ˫ۣʱʱüͷĽëϣһСӡǰٷӣٿڴϵˣҵһƿңûվȣһˤ˵ϣ˫ְЩƬϣʱһƬѪҳʹĵͺһϵ
ô㣿˻ƣ´һվӱҡҡ׹ֻ÷ס
Ҽæվߵߣס㲻Ҫ
ҵ֣˿Ư۾ﲼ𡣶⺰촫̫ҽ죡нŲѸ뿪
бڴϣڴء˵Ŀûһ뿪ҵϡŵĿĲڡ
үΪβϷҩ
ûЩ
һǲĸ硣
ǵġطN
ѵĴһĨЦ˺ۡ

̫ҽˣҵ˿ڷЩҩֿҩӣÿ찴ʱҩҾȬˡطNΪţֱ̫ҽ֤û£Űġ
ĶԲ𡣡εңһһ䶼ڴĲ
Ҫαʾĳأ
ɻң֪ΪҽһЦ˵ÿҪʱҩȲԺҹ龩ǵ񣬿ɺã
ãһΪΥĻֳϣҪɷˡֻǿűӵ֣ŻȥζطG






 28 

ӺСſڵҡط׼ҽȥ
ˣ첻ˣذɡ
ǡЩĵؿҵ֡
һү͵ģġһĨЦݣΪġ
˼һ£˵ðɣһ㡣˵̤꣬ѩȥ
СƽССĵطңһﵽŵһƬƻͨ
С㣬ôôҲ˳ү˿϶ˡ
Ŷ
ҲشҲٶʡ
իԺҲõģ˵ֵĸоطG鷿Ĵ͸⣬鷿Ҳȥ˵ȥٿĺ˫֣ôͣˣǲȥˡ
صԷһĨɫıӰڴǰ
ү밲СƼǷԵ
ûлͷһ֣Сƾȥߵ󣬽쳣į
ôˣ
һ̵ˣ׵صҷ
û˵ֻһվ
طG
ȥĶˣһ䣬Ҹʶʱһ
ҡ
Ҫѣ
ҲҲѣȻ֪ĺ¡
ڵȥˡ
͵תһӣˣҪ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
ķҺ£ĶͷûзȵļȴԼˡץסҵ︴ӵһɨգֻʣ۵ۡ
ôˣô˳
û¡ҲСĻˤˡѾˡΪۣΡ֪ȥ˰˰֪
̫СˣԺ׼ȥ
̧ͷһͣס˻׼ٺطȥ֡
ûȥ֡췴
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ú˯һôơ
šҲϢ
Сơ
С롣
ˣ⼸ҪСź򡣡
ū֪
һۣʲôҲû˵һĨЦת뿪
ҵ۵ĿҪˡһ˷ܵ״̬˯š

ڶһ磬һû緹ˡһĲ𿪰ŵɴʱطGɫԽԽѿ
ô˳طô£ŭŵڸҩĴһ˿ڣ۵һ
᲻ҩطGĻƢҲǵһμʶ
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طGİҩͿĨҵϣ֮һƬ˫üţƺ˵Цһ̧ͷңҶ˵ûµģš
㻹ЦȻǺܳ壬沿Ѳղÿ¡ͷĨҩ
ҸԸһ
һطˣطGڸҩ֪һжãȻ͵͵ضĴָ

һ緹滹ƮѩůһƬ򵥵̲ͣˡ࣬Ҳζ




 29 

ʣȻ⻹ǺŨ˫ӣһ¹ȥˣ˫Ѿ˱ϵƤԭһϸ壬ҩ벻ҲѡطGϸģᣬǻһĻĻĸǰ
ʲôأţ˼˶վǰһĴ멣Щ࣬Ц⣬ԭҲů
㡣ƤػشȻЦݡ״ҵϣ䣬ֶˡЩµף
ҵͷ
һܡ
Ҫȥģ
ԥһ£ȥ¡ݰɣˡ
ԺŵıӰȻܸܵҵůҺˣ񰮣

˫һãұסˡôҲû㣬ȥ㲻ȥɡһ·ԼһأһҪ߶ҲչԼСţһȥ˽ıԷ
̫ůĹʣ磬ǶգҲůůġߵԺŽġﴫ˷Ϥ˾ʧģѡ
үЩˡɿˣ
ûˣ㲻ùϾҪˣҪչ˺Ըӡ
š
Ӧšһĳţ˵ѽ˹
һOR֮˵үһ䣬Щȥȥ
ˡ
һ뽪ѣ֮ͣүҪȾ͹һΪүء
ҲԼΪʲôҪȥʲôأȥĥԼѡ
Ųص˫ȣ֪Լô뿪ıԷô߳Ӻ

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֪ãҾߵ˰˰ĸǰ̧ͷ̽Ĵ֣ȻѣҲټⰮ¾޵Ȧתشҵ硣
ǲеģת뿪һɲǣطNͣǰϲؿҡ
ôˣ
׼أˡ
ǰ뿪ȴһץס첲Ǻˮޣ֮Ψֲ
Щ΢ȴһƽ͡
ҡͷǵģ֪ġ
û˵ҴͷŽż⣬һĻĻĻǰݣôϡͿأʲôʱſԻȥ
ĬһôãҵĽŶҪľˣʵҪȥ㡣
̧ͷҪȥҪȥԼҲ֪ҪȥﶼңﶼӭңҶǶġ
һ˿ʲôˣ
һ񣬡ûУʲôҲûзȥˣһ˻ȥ㲻Ҫҡ
ôˣл㱵ġߣĸǡ
ľȻرϳĿó棬ҵ߰Ĳ֪ЩʲôʱֵĽƮ˳ᣬŸʳζ
Ķ㡣
ûش𣬻ͷŷһֱأЩ죬ְͷת˴⡣
ֻطNеͣ
Щƣɻ
𣿡Цң۵ᡣ
ҵͷ
ȺܵԺҺٳΪطGһֱҳеļطйء
ҲطN˧˾÷ǳۣߵﶼĿΧǡĿһֱ粽ͣҵϡ
ԿΪ᲻ͬ⣬ϾǻӣлʼҵϺͷ緶
áվڿ̯λǰɷнµѡţĿأòã
ģĪرжˡ
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á
Ҫһԡ
á
ڴϳԣ
ڴϳԡ
ҴδԼһʹĻڴϳԵ̯ΪŮӣǼ̵ΪԽԽ˶עǡ
Ц˵Ƕڿء
Ϊ˵⻰ʱ̬ǳ档
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˧
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콥ˣҲˡϻ˯طNҵͷļϣȥ
ҲҪȥ͵ﶼá
ȻͰĵ˯ˡ֪һͻȥġ






 30 

һʱĵͣ³һӺֺȻӳ㵵ؿطNʺšһɵŴݣϹЦ⡣ڵΪʲôߣƫ
΢һǵл׼
ȵȣסңߵǰңȻQһ磬ĸ˿Ҹء
⡱һ£ּΪֻš
үܱ˼ģ̱Ļѿڶ
һ㶣Ц˵ǣΪӼƵᡣ
˵꣬ﳤȥʣһվſڣ㯡

իһİСû鷿ҲûˡѵطNϣطGȥ
˼ţС˳Ӻش˽ʱͨһ£߿ޱͷֻܾСˣС긣ﰤءȥȾɡ
һˣܵȥûԺСƵĲҽ־Ϯңһð亹
ܽԺԺ˺ѹѹһƬˣͦŴҲڵĨᡣСƱһϣʵվδ󺺣ŰҪٴȥ
ס֣
þһҲֱӾڰգȴûȥ뿴طG
طGһϮָۣڱؿҡһҵϣҵֹסĲ
˲СߣɫҰ׵ˣ˫ͣĲţڣֻģߡûһᡣ
ôСƵСС˶СС̵Ŀ̣
ͣ𣿰ѶС򣡡
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ΪʲôΪʲôҪЪ˹س
һң𣬡ΪʲôΪչӲܣŪˣֻССĳͷŶ̵ִ˺ȵվŸʲôҴ򣬺ݺݵش򡣡
ǿİȥСƵ·ѱˣĲҽһҵһѵڽҵġҿ޺ţҪٴˣǲҪٴˡ
ڵϵû˸ҿʵصᡣ
СƵĽԽԽСҲԽԽ־塣ҪȥطGýġУٴȥСƻġֱݺݵҧȥһʹ֣ҷ˰سȥסСƣҲ޹ΪҵĴ
ס֣ס֣طGŵĺûü֣صұϣƺһûʹʹؿжڲͣطӿۡ۵ҲܶҶ
ӡ硱ڵϣңͨһڵءΧȸ
طG֪ʱҵߣǰеıȫڻˣľţĺ£ֲŲҡ
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Ҫٴ˺òã
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㾪ʧػҡʶԽԽԺĵ£ޱߵĺڰԺֻʣطGû۵ӡ

ת˯šŴü΢ţһֻֻҵ֡䣬ҵʵͷϡˣĻʵۣŴ峯˥ɰܣ׾ٵҲҵˣܷ𣿷ֻɸı硣
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ŨҵĲҩζֿܼʼϢӿСģ֧
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Ǵ峯ĻӣôͨһԽˡ
ڹң
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˵ûУ֪ϰڽϳԺ˵ЦʱҵĸоΪƭҶٴ֪ǴҲȥúõһ˳ȥʱȴ˳Σȴңûд㣬˳㣬㣬ȴһٵҡ
Ҵ̧ͷԭһֱ֪ġ
ſңȥƣɵڴϣԼһı
վǰӸµʵˣ
š
̫ҽ˵˼˷θҲᡭ֮²Ҫ룬Զ
С˳ӼҴҵܽү긣Ҫˡ
طGЩεվԭأΪѣ˵ҪˣϲɺأүϿȥ
㡭ãȥŭ뿪
һУÿһ˶˽˭ȫˣÿ˶ѣҲһԼҲ޷ס룬ӿӣ֮£Īǻ޴ӣֻ 





 31 

ԴѾһˣڼһֱûСơÿ춼ܰطGҲûҲ⡣ϲǧΪ˸ܹ˵ңÿ̵ѾףÿСƵǶҡͷ֪ʱΪСѾˣÿ뷨ðͷʱҶһľʹ
ǳˣڴߣůů̫ϣ˱ġϵ˺õĲˣֻ˺ʱȬ
һĴůµĲɫҵϣϤζ
һطGȻվǰһر˵Ŀ⣬վšҲ֪˶ãȻ§ýģġǻĹĶů֪жô⻳Ҳܣ
үء³仰Լ벻ҵȻƽ
û֣Ȼ§סңһҵϣһָҵͷڵԴɳɢ䡣
ˡôûңͲ֪ȥ
ԭһֱûڸȥҾȻ֪
Сơôˣҵʵ
Ĭһ£˵Ҵؼˡ
ؼˣؼˣ
鷳ңˣϢˡ

û˵ĬĬϡ
˫ѹҵļϣĿɢҵضңһһҧгݵغ㾹ȻѾ磬ǲǣ
ǻӣ߸ϣм˸ȣ
ݺݵƿңҷ糾͵Ļһ˾㣬㿪ʵȴһѾͷ֪ˣҾ͸ɱ
Ҷһ£Ӧɱңһлġ
ҵĻŭֺݺݵұ۾ȴԤеʹһû£ɨϵĲ룬Ȼȥ
ҵҲϵƬ㣬ķѡڵأϥʹޡСȨУһвһ㣬ҶԹǷ̫̣Ҹô죿
峿ƻ裬ճ䣬ʹ顣

ÿ糿߶һ¶ӭɫĻȻҪҿή顣
һȥˣԽݣȻһֱϢ״̬ȴܸоƣһҺطG̫δ档еӭȷе˵ӦûмһҺ徲Ҳδ̤ԺţֻطżҡӲǰἰطGҺطGͬһԺȴӲ档˭ڶ˭Ѿֲˡ

һ۵С˶ǵߵűߣ峺Ĵ۾ؿҡ;ϲͲˣΪիǳط֮κ˶ڵģＸ˺ط鼸û˳ֹϲġÿ͡ȻǸӤ
ߴżסȥ·ֻؿҡ߹ȥЦʵ𣿡
ҵĻȻѿСЦģɷǿɰҰȴϣһֻСְҵͷ
ֹһС˵ǸСЦøˡ
ʲôְ
С죬Ҳûʲôڡ
ԭ㲻ǸСǸСӴ
Сֶ˶ģطڣۡۡ
ԭл۶ôһ˵ˣء
޹Ĵ۾ҾԼ̫ЦˣһĺЩö
磬һɫСͷŸС裬С˵ģ̶̵СӹŸƬʷʵСϸһӣӦǸǸĺӡ
ͻȻСָŴ⣬ظغţꡭꡭ
˳ָķȥˣǡطG
˰˼һҲЩҡΡԭŮ
۶ĺԺطGͣ˽Ųߡ
Ŀ⽻ѹһˣһ갡
ҿһҵԷȴֻܱŻ۶վš̼ߵǰѾһûϸؿˡĶ˼ϸƣ˫üϰԵţɫ˲٣Ķң治ϲŭ֡
۶ѾһˣֵֻСطGѽѽظšꡱطGޱؽӹ۶ȴſڣһλϸվիſڣطG˵ôġ
û˵꣬ϸѶ߶µعˣĲ̣̲ס˵ˣôˡ
˿ңû˵Ҳû紵۶ֱطGĻ߹ȥͷ˵۶أһü·ϡ
ûתͱһסֻϵض˵οҾ㣬Ѹ긣Ƕ
͵ؽӹ۶ֿͷ絷ҺطGǧлһڴŻ۶ȥ
긣ɻؿѵ۶ͽĺӣ
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Ƿ󣬴۾ЩᡣʹҲӦϲɣҵСˣڼҵСŮˣҵȻӦø˰
ҵӦӦòµģô۵С˶Ҳֻнĵ˲иӵСһ£˵һֱҲûлṧϲ㣬ϲϲǧ𡣡
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תߣȴᱧûٶһĸůϢĻİġۣȴỬӡ
ҽԷȻû֡
ЩŤ˵ſҡ
ҲšĿӰ㣬˭뵽ƽĮϵȻҲʱ
ſҡţֱȴˡһʱգֱݺݵҧȥΪ۵֣û뵽ȴֻü˫ۻҡٿǱҧֱѷ˺ۣѪ۲ѣӸֱϣͲ֪ÿѵͲ𣿡
ɽӵң˵ô᲻ۣһ֪жۣ
ҡҾˣ˵ú˺һ
ÿһ˯֮ҶߣȻ֪ÿһ峿Ҷһߣϣһ۾и飬ȴûһһˣ㶼ΪиѾҽƣĥҵľ㣬֪һҵľҪͿˣȻƵعӣ֪Ҿ㣬ĥҶԲԣ
˵涡
ҵĺ°ĥҵͷ૵š
ôܾҺεºܣ֮Ҷֺγأ̵һ棬ľȴ޷֣
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һ֮Ҳлڵ
̾һҺˣԼû㡣ǰӴҵϣһʱģСơ
նֱñ֪ǺСƣǺ˺ң߰˰Լĺޱչǰʱôȥ˺
ѲĴı˵ûй㡣
ܸܵȫڲסңֱǶȱŷſң§ңҶ˵Ұ㣡ܰܰԼ޷ţ



лҪ˵ʱȷʵûждȥҵֶ֧˵Ҫ




 32 

ɪ޶ʮңһһ˼ꡣׯԺ۴жž顣
׺ᣬů̡ɴ׷䣬ֻǵʱȻ
±ʣԼ֣ҵëдģˣִ˵ܳɸʲô鷨ء
Ը͵ʲôأطG˵ҵ,ôдˣ
֣뵽дˡССĴһǷˣȥ˯ˡ
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Ѿůʱˣ㻹ڹ
˵㲻ܺ캮
ҲûôأһˣҲ㰲Ъ
ţֻסң
һͷһ˵ҸѾ㶼⣿
ǡ
ΪʲôһҪ
Ҳϰ߶ѣ㲻Ҫ롣
ǡϰǰ˵и϶Ѿͷǰ̹㣬ͦϲұҪһ˾͹ˡ
϶ǵǸϲѾͷ֪ȻǲСƣѶǶϲģ϶ˣҲǸİ
Ȼ㶼ҪˣһܲҪ𣿡
ָһҵı˵ˣǸ˾ضزסˣ 
Ƥͷ뿪ŵһɲȴطGһص̾Ϣ
ڶһ磬϶Ȼˡһϵ¿㣬Ƥ𪣬پ£ôҲǸѾС㣬˿ЦȻҡ
϶ҾϲĻ
϶С밲϶ټˣá
ҷס˫˵Ƕʱչˣһ治֪ôأ
϶Ӧġˣүүڻ԰ͤأү˵Ҳȥ
طNҲˣͻ֮Ѿһûˡٶ룬Ͽʰһ£ȥͤ

Ҳһṳ̂իˣһŵĥҶе顣
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ЦؿңֻͬʱǰҾ֪òתһ룬˲˵ū澸İ硢˰밲
쾹û˳̧ͷһ˵ɫ̫ÿطGһ֣һ䣺ˡҲŵ
һ£ֻطN˵Խˡˡ
͵طGһۣɫ糣һڲ衣
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΢΢һЦŨܵ˫ס۵׵ۡ˵ʰĸҹ½ϣ㡭Ҫչ˺Լ
Ҫȥϣ̫ˣҲ
źߡطGһȴң㲻ȥ˵
ҺһվΪʲôΪʲôҲȥ
ӻû̫ã۳Ͷ١
ͬȥһá
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ȥҪҪ죬ûɽˮ˿͡
û˵ԵĿ顣
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ĸ磬Ȼȥ˳ɡӿһ¶ǺءҸϸĵѾչˣӦûʲô⣬㿴أ
طGû˵۾Զ
һͷǴⲻȥˡ˵ȻӲʣū澲ȥˡūиˡ
˵뿪Ϊң˭֪ûпطNסң۵ĵǣ˵һ䣺û¡ի
ҲûгԣҲûȥ鷿һڣ϶Ҳû㣬ڴϡ
ѵʶûɵģûطGıӻһ֪ءӦøмŶԣƾʲôԹѳ
뷨ţڴϷȥ쳣ꡣ
š֨ѽһˣȻһƬڣÿҲ֪طGڴ£ҹ׵ֻõ˴˵ĺ΢ָҶʵķ˿ͣĦţһ͵̾ϢҸȥ𣿡ң
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㣬ֻ¡ּᣬû뵽Ұ¾.طGҲо岻һ졣
ڴ˺һ󣬲뿪һҹǳˡ
ڶһ磬С˳˼׾·˵ү׼ĳŵ·ү˵
Ӧˣϲ⣬϶תȦڿԳȥˣĽϾɫƺѾչҵǰ
Թ緹鷿طGдӡԱϵ緹һδҽȥͷû̧Ҳ̫רˣߵӺ棬˫ס۾ָҵϣ˵֣дۡ
֣ЩȤô֪ң
Ц֮⣬ûôĵӡ
Ҳǣʵ㻹ûţ
ͷͷдֻʱüʱͣ˼һһ䶼ͻȻĺۣƽֻ֪죬ʵҲࡣ
緹ˣС˳һ
˰֣Ҳˡ
ôأҪġ
æ
æҲҪעѽû˵ǸıǮǸ֣һٲԶûš
ȻʧЦôЩֵĻ
˵ҲסЩΣӪֵҪԣΪ񾭲
±ʣŶģ˵ŵʱұԲˡ
һء
ⶼʲôʱˣ㻹
ҲҳԺòãҶѣҲΪá
ңָҵĶͷǰ߻ˣȻ˯ͣ
û¿ҳòã
һŶԸС˳ӣȥ׼š
һϣҿǳ緹





 33 

ڵȵˡһұȥ͸УѾſˡ̤ۡм˿ᡣܿأƲͱķˡ
·ǸʵĴѸһƬּ̣ߴߴ͸֦ҶλεĴۡµҪγˮһٺؿȴһ˿ۣҲ̫û˶ԭɡ
ֻһˣطGطNǰ棬ӵԡҲڳˣ̫Ȥˡͣ
ͣһСӵļݳҴ򿪳ţطGѲǰʵôˣ
ҲҪҲҪ
𣿡
ҿԺͬһѽ
֣سϡ
˵ţתͷҼˣѿڶӦұʹһ·
вң˿Σյζ
ĸңĴ
Ĭһʵ
ϣˣ˷ܵĵͷ΢΢һЦվƥߴĺɫǰҲŷԭôСҸôȥΪѵؿȴ˵ϵŴ㣬ϲǾ
ⲻǴΪ𣿡ˣҡ
ùģȴ˵ϣָҡ
Թ֣΢һҴϣһס֣һסҵʵӸˣ
šͷЦͷۼҪˣҸҲ˵ʵҲͺطNĿ⡣

һС·˲̫࣬˳õ·ߡطGһСĿջһ¥
ԹطGطNطǵˡҿû취ôϴȥԹ˯ҿǳӴ͵ȥŷﲻȾǣûʲôģĨڵģӰûСЩ£æ˳ԭ·ء
үƺҪͷҵĲ֣ƫ˳Ļȥ·ˣᰡӰŵĵط˭·ô죿ȥҲ·ȥѵҪ͵ģôһ·ߣ˺ӣغţ˭ȾҰԭʲ죬˭֪ȴĸ
һɫӰٿسǰΪҲйĴڣһΪˣˣǺݺݵذһ
ʲôˣҽ䱸ʵЦȴֹסĲ
ȥˡȻòȴΪ
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ΧѾת˰ȦˣҶ϶·ˣҪȥϾͻҵģʲôˣǺܼ򵥣·ˣĻش𣬹Ƿ⣿ 
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һЦһֱ棬ֻûзҡˣ˵Ҫȥİɣȥ
Ҫؿջ
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Ҹĺ棬·ûʲôֲûзܿ͵˿ջſڣͣ½Ųعң˵ˡ
ŵƹϸһƣǸµӣһװɫĳںܸߣס˲ӡƮݵľɢڼϣмĴڶϣľͰɫĳγĶԱȡüŨͦ߶ֱݰסЩ㣬˵룬ȴַƴһˣħҵĿ̲סͣ
ذɡ
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ܽԷϽţʲô׷ҡģϴأ䲻һŵһƨɵڵϡ
ȥĶˣ
طGӵվشûȥĶȥתת
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˿ңû˵
ԱߣӼ˵ΪйҸղŻʱһ˰ˣκˣŮվǰֻԲλࡣֻӰ ȥģˡһûعҡ
㣿Ӳˡ
ҸϽ˵ˣ㵣ˡ
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ҡҪԺҲ˺òãˣ汻ŵûɢģѲһ㶼۰
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ԸԼ˹Ȼǰ԰鰡͵Ц
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ҹ˼һ£Ž˵бԭ򡣡
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ͷؿңȻסңұ۾н飬ؼһж쳣İ
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ͻȻֲõԤУ˵У
ɻؿһۣʧЦΪҪ˵ʲô
ķӦԺˡ
Ҫ˯һҪ·Щʲô
ָҵţ˿޲Ρ!


лҪ˵дҲǼ£ߵΪҵ֧֡ǰʱ䣬̫࣬½Ժᾡʱµġ




 34 

˼ձڵ˺ݣҲǴеĿĵء֪ŴСԱӭӡطGɫĳۣطNһףѹѹһƬ˹ǵĽ£ϰֳ棬̹ȻĸǡȨ˵ľϵ㡣
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һɴŮЯӯ貽ǰһɫɴճϸȳƵģüģЦӯӯ俴òƾЩҾͿԶ϶ǰһǸɫĴŮ
ĳĳһ˰İ赸ͶȲֲ֮ǡôչֳ貽Ķ֮ÿһε趯Ŀĸоҡҷ䣬طGǰʱƣضһٵطGǰԼһЦӯӯطGƲһۣȻٱʾ⣬ͷһǷζըˣ˼ҵȫòûܲջˣˡ
ƣطNǰطNŵĶƱЦؿһֻۣվ˵֣ͬͬɣ˵һ׷׾ٱ
ұΪһҲˣҲлĻˣ˭֪Ҷʱ߲Ƶĸо
Զһԭֵĳְ
ݺöҪȴΪѡȾƣҿǸһơƶܰҹε˰
Ϊѵؿ֨֨˵ллĺ⣬ֻǡҲȾơ
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ȡ
ԼͬطGطNվңȫ˸ǸſءͬʱҺȣ󡭡ԼȡΪ˭Һȣֳ£˵˽
лλ磬ūμ棬Եݡ˵꣬Ҵһ£һꡣȻֻʣһָо
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ңܺȻҪǿ
طGղŻģô͵ˡ治ǺȾƵϡ
û¡˵û£һվȴһˤطGұҾԺĿҪ˯š
ҷŵϣֹҺһˮȻ˵ԼϢûҲϯЩʱٹ
ҵͷֻ˯
㱼俴С߹ëҵգ૵˵ʲôȴ
ڶõúܣطN֪ȥҺطGţ֪Ůǰ밲һ˵СŮç״֪ǳ¹شİⲻǡ
ԭŮ֪ŮطGһۣҵͷ˵ûʲô󰭣Ҳϡ
ҵ뿴ŮӾʲôģǰҲ̧ͷӭҡǰСᰡһûˣ˿־ϲҲžȻټͻȻ֮侹ֲˣƺʱմһ㡣
ǰס֣ܸоԼֶǡҪɢһ㡣
Ц˵㣬㲻ǵˣѽ
Сᣡѽأôĵӿ޵įеһж󰡣ȻùµĿ¡
𣿡طGңĵĴš
ûûСֻﳤúҵһãЩˡ
û£
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ǰʵκĺӣ¹ëԼλΣ
ҺͰ˰˴ǰҪ£κһ¡
δ˵꣬ӣС˵ȥȥ
˵ա
δ˵꣬ұŤתӣҲŲĸأ˵ԶҲȲġաأ˼ȫϣԶҲ뵽
ĽЦҲ֪ѿѵһͨһǡطG춼ֱŮڵأɤ˵ȥ׼ɣȰ˰һȥ
ºҲңеص衢Ȳ衣ʵ˵ȥҾѾܿˣϾв䵽ԱߣֺõΪϲ裬Ҳûҡȱߣһ˵ū澴ˣүˡū澰ɡ
Ƴһۣ֪ˣ
æͷ
˵Ȼ֪ˣҲΪ㣬гȡˡ
ǲУԼԣæĿڣطG㿴ҴûԶţòһˣҰ˶𣿡
²룬ң治ô¡
ѽ˵ǻˣӰ֣
һЦԴˣ
ûСҷϡ
ˡ
ǡص˵ֺݺݵһȭڽˣǹġһЦ뻳
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˾͸˵ˣ׼ˣղųȥñЩӦĶھͿˡ
ܹȥʵʲô
ϲġȥ֪ˡ
ϲģҶԴ˴ε֮гڴ



лҪ˵ԭΪĥʱ䣬ڳʱ䣬ۣģûɾ͸УԼڵĿֲò




 35 

£ݳݺɡơãպдԲ顣ˮƽ羵δƬƬƮƣԶɽһƬǰľɫһ˸̾Ȼ档
ˮ緽ãɽɫ档ӣױŨĨˡطNƺҲ㾰ɫ˰㡣
˰ò飬ò鰡ŹκһƨĻᣬʫֲطNʹвҲİĵ͵͵ı
ȵ׷ڶһҲǰΪߴҺ֪˵ġ
˵ǰѹһ߾𣿡
ҪԶﴫطGȤᡣ
˭˵ԶﴫҾš˵ûУ
֧˰죬طNӿڵУޣ޷ȥ֤ˡʹģҲǸõĴ˵
˰˵ǡһͣŶϵĺ
㣬ߣҴȥĵط
һͷһطGһ˵ȥɣںͤ㡣
һ죬ҹĸʤ̶ӡ£յ̴š
ֱ̫бŷ緹ûԡ
ǻȥɣӦöȼ˰ɣ
áǺøλ綼ԸΪںͤݵȡ
ЩΣǶ⾰²ʲôȤ
ꡱһЦ㲻֪λ˶ΣѶԴ˾ˡ
ԭô˵ʶˡ
΢΢һ̾ʶλ磬ֻǶûʲôӡˡ˵ɷðһ䣿
ʰɡ
λ磿
⡭
ˣЦʵ㲻˵ҲóİͶϣû˵ɣ
龫ֵģ֪Щʲô
ʵͽһ
Щƣһʲôʵ
װɵЦܿƵҡ

ͤϣֻʣطGطNˡ
أʵ
ȻˣطG˵浽⾰ûľô㡣
Ȼҵｨסأ
ؾˣ
ˣ
һЦ֮˵طN˵һҲöˡ
ҵͷĶҲƵķĽطN֣ͽʳС
ζѳ忪иƮ˳סˮʵʲôóԵģ
֤ϲġ
طGЦ˵˵ô϶
ʹ϶ЩԵģ˵ŶգգۣڵӴ
˷ܵ˵֪ʲô¥¥㣡
򿪸һȻˡɫ˴Ρһڣۻһзζ
óԣһѽһ𶯿꣬ΨطGΣ
ҴȤүûݿڸˡ
ɻʵΪʲô
Ϊүϲʳ⣬һҲմá
ԥŷ¿ӣ˵ʵҲϲʳ⣬á˵վطGԱߡҲδ⣬طNá
ֶ˶⡢лϺȣȫɫζȫĵصĺݲˡ
ԱˣĶӣطGĵ£ָϽջ֣رĺãȱʢֳʳһʱ˵үϸģ߻ġ
΢΢һЦΨ֮ϵ֪롢֪֮ˣҲŻỨ˼ȥ
ٲ첻ƺ˵ǼΪͨһ仰ȴһը졣⻰סֱ˰ɣ޷ӻ
طGޱģ֪ĥʲôٿľ½ǣǳ˼ʹ࣬
ʱˣƽǹաǻȥˣʵҲΪˣҲװūŸǲס
ҷһľϻᣬֿЦţ㣬ʼ㣬ֺã綼Χת
£˵˵ɵˣȱơݸһ裬˭֪һ°Ѳɨڵأžһˤķ飬һվָҵıӺΪʲôе˶ֻõ㣿ΪʲôǽȥͣظΪʲôʵǸ㲻ǳһ
Ȼסҵ˵㣬ûнãһʣͬʽͰɡ
ˣطϢɣ˵ðɡ
û㣬֪Դʮİ磬ûܵõİĴóİԽмӣǽİһͬġ
ģҵĽŲЩվȣɵõ˼ô˵һľҲδú߸û
ͨǰԸСһź㣬ֻܹİߡ㲻Ӧͳ𡣡
ַ
Ӧˣ
ôܴӦأӺﻹн㣬˵طGôأҪ޵ҲҰ˰
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ֻҪнڣİۿһֻۡİļ˵㲻⣬ϣ
⣿ô᲻⣿
㣬ͷˣˡ
ͣؿͷǺһƬÿһ¶ͬƹҵϡҵźŸô죬ҵѿڶҴӦ㣡
ֹͣ˿ͷЩţ˵Լ޷ţҾȻӦվſ˵л㡣ĺãһᱨġ˵Ŷ






 36 

طGվڷ⣬Ӧö˰ɡؿڴǰ߹סҵļҰͷϡ
㶼˰ɣ
š
ôģ
ϣô룿
Ҳ֪
̫ˡ
һƬģܿ
һƬģЦһһƬĵ˶ˣѵҪҶƫ
̧ͷǲһݵλģܸоĵǸĵشƵĺù
ˣ˵ˣһˣϢɡ˵תߡסطGǸù㡭㡭
Ҳ˵ȥˣΥĵʵݡ
ɫſҵ֣ʵðɣ˵ô˵ұô
ҡҡ
ҪǽûҲȥ˵ɣֵᣬҿ־塣
ЩľӲͷƤ˵ǣһģΪҴӦҪҵĳŵ
ܲ˫ȭյýģȻ͵һϣһϵӦأžҹ̶ſڵӦڵľֶʶȤ¡
󷽣ЦҴδ㣬Ҽȿ־ۣȴ޻˵ֻؿ
Ҳ˵ҧڳݵ˵ҵˣ㲻ǻиطNڵʲô?
ƴҡͷǵģġ
һ飬Ҫ
Լ
Ҿ˳⣬Ҳû
ҧ´˵
˫ĿҪһǵ㳭дŮ롷ʱ龰ķ񶼵ȥˣˣΪиõĹڵ㣿
ԭΪԼΪ˺ƫεмҵŭ
ζûУҲûʲô˵ģôɡ
ô룡ޱߵķŭô㶼νǲǣ
ҶضǣʲôʸνѾôˣٶһҲӶ࣡
治֪ԼʲôаȻ˵ⷬ費֪һʱȴúܶ鷢˱仯
ááã˵֣ͷҲص뿪
̱ڵأʹѡһûʶԼǺһͨڳܣǺһĺܳܵġ

һֱṳ̂ԷطGҲû꺮ůطNҲÿձȴǾڲطGľһֱ죬Ҳˡ

Ǳĺʱ֣ģҪӡĹѺܻ谵Ҵһɫڴ̨ϣ·ǰطG͸ҵģҰʽɫʣȴˡ߽طNȼվǰһﲻͥǰļɽƽյĶţյĬЩ
ôˣʵ
һۣҪӱܵʲôʱ򣿡оż
ӱܵʲôʱԼҲ֪һ뵽ЩؿھƵܡϥڴ̨
һӰҴӴ̨ϱ𣬴طGķȥźſңſҡһûô
طGķտյģطNң㲻ٶˣĸһͻؾˡ
ҵĴ˲ĿհףˣˣҲţϾŵǷţطGıʼҲĲ𿪣ֻʲݵļ֣˵ת顣ֽƮ䵽ϣģ
ҷŴ£ﱧùıӣ滹Ϲе̴ζŴŵع䣬ɫб̱ʪһƬҲãҴˣǰɵ
طN߶£ǵؿҡҳһЦû¡
ĸǷּؾģʱִ̫٣ûü˵
ʱִ٣ǰοѡ ʱִٵֻ
Ѿ֪ˣ
ҿЦһµġطGԸһôģҸʹڡ飬һ˫нжమжˡҲԴУҪȥҪԺҲƸˡ
ץסطN½˵طNȥòãһؾھߡ
УһҪ죬һ׵ԺǾͻؾĿᶨûת徵ء˲ѡҳţһҲͣˣҪԼȥ
طNںңͷҲûأţס
һϣǲҶֻ֣ܰΧסۿҪ鼱֮£ҳһ˵彣ŵۣ˭Ҳһʱ޴룬׷ɢȴطNҰΡȴҶ֣ŵҡŸʲôطNغȳ⡣չվҵǰ
ýָս쳣ᶨΪ˼طGʲôҲ˲ˡ
طNҿ˵½ǻط
Ҽش󺰵ҪطGھҪ㲻Ҫң򣬷򡭡
ôҪɱ𣿡ʧȥյƽȡ
ҡֵҲ֪ˣҵ࣬᲻֪
һ˿ңֻĸ磬ֻĸ磡
ƣҲˡɫȫطGҴϵָںڰз׵Ĺ⡣֮ǰһĻĻǰ֣ᣬ谮ЦŭҰģҪģҪϼԺҲֿˡְ˼ֹҺ˵ĽŲ˫ֽס㲻Ҫٹˣǰˡ
ĽŲƬ̵ͣͶûУҲˣұ۾սǰ壬ΪΪһ㿪ģֱܵ۾ŷ֣ûж㿪ؿڣкɫҺȾİ£Ǿһˢˢ
׼طNһŵٵĿԡǲٶһءɫҰ׵ģﲼʹࡢϧ
ͻȻһӾҡʲôɿ֣Ҿʲô
طNסѪ˳µΡεӵϣһ졣
ңңҾȻ£Һọ̀վԭأû˷Ӧ
һŲԽԽ֮εһѪߵǰ˻Ѫָҵ˵¡
ŵѪȵζܿܵ˺۵׵ʹҡۿԲ𣬶ԲҲǹģĲǹġ
£ˢ˵ϵѪҲˢҡ
ҲŲסˣǰͷһ㻺£ѽӵϢ˴ÿһ˶ûдκߣѱ꽽͸
طNһ˿ʶ˵϶¡Ҫ׼Ϊ¡޹أɡűƯӡ˿ңû˵˰طŅ˽ȥ
һվУύ֯ͻӣطGִѱĿĵѪڸǣδúȥδӣ





 37 

ڴϷ̶죬طNڴ˯ţбڴû뿪ΪҲ뿪˿ڲûд󰭣ʺѪǰǻŲɢ˿ֻ̣ҪݣһжôҪˡ
ֱ¶ǰף껹ûͣЪڴһҹֽűߵߣһ½Ӳ˵塣Ѵһ϶һƬˮã磬ǧˮڿСԺзŵп貧磬Щݲѱ˽ȥĴڿƮɢѿʼ׼ˡ
ϵ˷΢Ŀæ˴߹ȥѾתˣҡ˻Ƶң
ҵһˮڴ£ǲҳˣ
촽ѣʧȥյĺ΢ҡҡͷҵĲ˿ˮһΪء
һϵˣ̾ǳجξͺˡ
һЦһƤˣ¡㲻Ҫ
˵ĺɣ˵ıϾǻӰһñѹͻġ΢΢һ̾Ѳ豭ŵϣ׼£ҡҡͷҰһƣĿϡ
껹ûͣʵѲɳơ
šһˡ
Ҵ򿪴͸͸
ԥһ£ޱȥѴ򿪡Яʪֳ
дӵС̡
ʫԣ˵ù治أҲһɡ
֡
߹ȥָҵûж㿪ڴ˿⡣
㲣һû˯۾ϧ
š˵ССĴһǷ˯جΣҲܰġ
һӰƾ˿ڵġ
𶯣ٶ˿ڳѵġôһ˵Ҳ͹ԹԵĲٶˡ
ӵһӡȵϢڶߡ
طNΪѵĿڡ
˵Ҳ
һֻйɵĸҵͷ˯⽥ŨʵòˡĻůѱ˫ַŽҸ¡Ĺ߷ǳ谵컹̫磬졣һУҼӿٶȥܹ

ֱĹߴ̽ҲŲ۾̧ͷطNƯӣŷذռĴϣԴĴϣϸůıӡάԭƣֻǱѾҵϡ
͵һʱ侹Щڳգҡ⡭㡭
ЦĿңûнӻһһܣûˣ¸һȴϵ㡣
˽ˣһһ˿ϣʵʵҸôֻ룬ѲԼ´õ㣿
ͷ͵Ѿ㣬ǳ㣬ǸˡޣˣҲλ򡣡
㡭ôңָӴе
ס֣Ϊʱã
ҳˣ˵ĲʱңֻҸӵ޵ݡһҶ޲Ҹطȥ
Ҽ˴úϢһȥˡ
۴Ц˵һûءʾԵϵƳһۡ
㡭Щܻ˭أֻùԹź
ݺݵҨһĴߣȴһƣЦȳԣԱ˲չҡ
йƵĴڴţֱʣ°ʱ뵽ֻһЩ˼վ˵Ѿһ
סңˣûʲôʳԡ
ôأԶôܿ
ΪѵĿһۣĲԶ
ιòãٳһͺáѾںˡϣЩ
ԥȴҸճʣµİ࣬һһ¡ùĲ;߰ôܡ

ϣѾչˣڿԻȥ˯ˡ˭뵽ҹʱȴҴҵĽŲѣ´סһѾʵôˣ
ſȥɣ֪ô£˰˺üΡ
ҰȾطNܣһȺѾͼΧĴߣɫҰ׵ڴϡ߹ȥס֣Ҽҵһסۣ֡¶һĨЦ˺ۡǺˮȴסҵ֣ԽԽſ߸ŻѾ̹ŵһ裬Ż˰죬³һЩɫҺ塣ǼΪƣ۵ɻ˴ϣ˫ţһ
ءúϢ
յҶߣ˵ɷ񷽱һ£
ҵͷᲦطN֣ȴһӰҵֽסֻŵؿҡһס֣˵˯ɣ˯˾Ͳˡһֱ㡣
龰յҶߵ˵˰Σ¹ʵĲѽѾˡ
ô˵ʵ
˵Ӧûʲô󰭡
µʯͷ˵ء
˵ݹأ¹ʵǳе𰡣¹ϡѹû뵽ϱ͢ҴĿԺ
Ҳìأ֪Ǻã˵˿ôñôˡ
ɰ˰Ҫ·Ϣ¹¡
˼ˣһ͵ġ
СطN֪ʱ˹˵ʰ֪¡ѵġ˿˵ͱ˳ȥұԲ˶ߣȻӵû
æ򵹿ͷ˵ţ¹֪¹ס
طNһ˵ȥȫȥ
˶˳ȥطNſڴһŻʲôҲû³ҷ絶ʡʹڹҵİΣɫһƬҰףɼθеķܡһһεڴأڴϡëõϵ亹ŷҵڲɶֹزȻ֪Ӻûеǻ£ȴƲĵײӿϵĺ⡣
۵סҵ֣ˣ¡ƣȴһᡣ֮ɵĺ

ڶ죬ѷ磬մءطNθҲҲԵ̫࣬տҲθһ޷̫ʳҼСĵźиʧһͻȻңСңΪʲôΪҪֲ
ΪҪֲԼûлشҲû׷ʣȴ˲
һ¹ȥˣطNѻϿһǾĽʳչĶϣҲ͹˲˼طGսתҵֲƼգľȴԽԽҡ

һʵ糿ҺطNڻ԰ɢҢˡ


лҪ˵ٵȰҪԣڼµĿܽ




 38 

Ŀ࣬һҵĳۣŨü߱Ǻ񴽣ڰ׷˫ҡҴﰵ̾ԭҢģ˼ֿζ˼Ӳʡֻ˵ūż˰硣
طNһ̧񡣡
ң˵ŸʲôøơӣǰһЩԥ˵Ǹˡ̧طN΢ЦͷҲ߹ȥҢ죬Щ˵Ѳ׸Ҳʶˡ
Ҷ΢һ˵硣
ң´Ȧ˵ţǸҹ㣬ǱǰЩ
ûнӻطN˵ˡ˵һۣʵ֪꽫˴ν£
ذ˰磬ūŴ£һǷİ֮
İ硱ҵ©һ¡
һǷİ֪֮ˣھһаãְӺ
Ц˻ͣظšлİ紹ҵȴһܡô죿ԳЦȻֺޣʹһֻʣμŨŨĿɬ
Ңһۣ˵ǽûؾһֱСһǼ꣬ڽؾҲʡ˰鷳
ؾҴ̧ͷطNӡһǰҷ˰ȥ˿ȴôҲȥطNɫӣֹģʱҢ˵þñط֪꣬˰ɷʧ㣿
طNջϵĿ⣬һȥɡ

԰ɽԡ
Ңǰ棬Ĳɵĸں档ȻͣסŲײϡ΢΢һЦôֲڵָһҵıʣʲô
ûʲô
һ̾ϢҵĶ䣬Ũü壬Ҷ˵ˡҪףƽ˼ңȨƣӽϾֻֿԡ
Ҳ
˵طʰһ£һؾҲûؼˣؼסЩӣҲ𡣡
ؼңѱطGˣ뿪ʣ³ܲʵĲпᣬջѡųӱܡ
𣿡ڵĴסҵ˫磬Щ΢ۡ
ҸϽ񣬡ط˰ؾ𣿡
ŵóЩӻȥô£
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⻰һŵһԼһݵȴģȴӵػˡ
̧ͷŨص˵ҪúչԼ
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ҵͷҲκΪҵġ

һҶû˯ãҾˡſڵš񵱳뾩ʱһҢӢˬϡƿĿһۣʵûʲôֵġż˹վſڣҢʵҪˡ
磬ȵȡæס
һСܹүšطNıʼ
磬ˡҶҢ˵ԭһֱڵȵģΨһģ
Ҫ뿪ˣسųӻƶּֽӡ紵ɴڱġӴ˴˱𣬻ƻֻ滨
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շĻʱ·ɣѷǡطGʱµĻЦƻּ䣬ȴ˸ǧġ
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Ķɫë̺ǽϹ˷羰źɫޱһϮĴǵصĳ¡ĴǻȣȥĿһ羰ʻҶɽˮӳģ̨ͤ鿣¡
õľãܵ£ĴȥϸĴһЦԵֻԺҪ˯ˡ
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ЦţطGˣҵЦ̽ϡ
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ҡĸ첲磬ҲҴҼᶼҪˡ
Ңǳ谮ģȻ֪ףȴǴӦҡ

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أ
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ʲô˼һ˿ŭ
үȴˣ᲻ūŵ˼һںݵʱ򲻾ע˽ľ𣿡
ãõĺܣˡұЦŲţݺݵˤţˤӦҰɡ
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Ңҷŵϣϱˮʪͷ۵˵Ǻοࣿ
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Ңʽһ˿ң˺ˣˣٿ޾ҪˡͣĸҵıҵϢȣˣ˯ȥˡ





 39 

컹ɵģ˴ӣʵĿ˿ĿڽǼϡ㱼侹һģӰָϣˮйӡٶϸ֮Ⲣˣʧ䡣ӳȥȴôҲ޷֡ãǰŻԭ˿ͨķɫȥ۲Ĳ
ʱһˣ϶Ϊȡ
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΢΢һӣ˵ߺ϶һֱիҲ֪իүС˳˽үӺݻ˸䵭ˣǴҳ˶С΢ģի˺¡Ҿ꽫Ҵ
ҢӿڵҿҲҪһѾ϶Ҳд⣬˳ˮ飬үѾˣİɡ
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ûѡˣֻӲͷƤȥˡ

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֪ˣԼȥ°ɡСɻؿңһֻùԹˡ
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ҶȵĶģطNûл̲סٴƳطGûб飬һΪƣһ¶ǣƺȵ׿ԶԶģڳطN׵ӰӰмįƣߵ£ͣһ£ҺһΪˣǣһֻһߵ΢ЦλȥȻ˿˿ϸһһһ׳ĺɫ𲱾ӭңʧУҶ֪ԼȻôߵķֱŵҲ˲ֵͣ͡ĳ̰Ҳγ佣Դⳡʢ뷢ЦȴŵЦطNߵ£̧ͷ˹ʡ
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ҷСߣһߡҺôЦҲȥ
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үѪˡһȻʺҺһ˵ĺƣδεϡ׷״չҲ֪ĻǼ˵ŹĵĻطN̫ҽطG͵ͷȥҵĽŲĸ˹ȥ
ֻطGطNң̫ҽ̫ҽطGĽűߣСĵطGԱߣરֱᡣҵ۾ɸɵģɵķɬûҪҵĵطûҵλãΪʲôɵɵĸֿŲŲҪ뿪ȴطGĺȳô̫ҽģҹ˵žһŰ̫ҽ˹̫ҽҸǰͣͷҵֿͬʼˡ
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סߣʵŵϼߵʱ򣿡
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ӵĸҵıûзҵ֪̰Ļ⻳ȴܶһˣɲҪұ۾Ƭ̵İɡ





 40 

⴫һŲۺŽƿطGվ۶ңɫӣ˵һĪĻҲ֪ǽĸֽ١Ƕ˵Ī
طN̫ҽطG˿Ѱȴδ֡طG뿪űңһɣǾٲ뿪طNһصֵ磬ЦûǸղŵ뿪û˹طGƣȻѪŨˮԵϵ
ȵɫɴǷϣٴٹǴΣҶٿطNһɵƵᣬĿɨֳˣ¶һĨЦͻȻĿͶ⣬ҶĿ⣬ֻŤͷ˸˼뿪Ǿĵط
ҵ⣬ſڵСǣסҵһԾŽɳ۶ȥҹرĺڣֲָֻкķǰʲôҲֱǰɱ˹ԭҰһɫǰһ·һֱǣҵ֡ܺһƬΨɫҹۡ
ҽůůģ˺һëձм˸СԲЩϹġŮ밲һǡڵϣбһۣʲô
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Щ˲𣿡³ôų
Цҹ˹ָʾҵԱߣûǣһѱӵ˻ţǲ֣˿Ӳ
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һ˵кȢӡĸףɱﱸã͵һм󹦸ɵʱĸײأΣĸʱʼհɷĸ뿪ˣɷûһۡ
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û뵽˵ЩҲû뵽ɳľҲ֪ΰѾƽκεİοʧɫ
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Ѱɣˡϣ֣뿴ӱܡ
ˣ˵ˣˣܵӸסԼܾЩʹĻ

ڶһ磬͵긮 һ·ʲôû˵峿¶ҶӨ͸µһ졣

Ѿܾûмˣ飬طҲûҹңӺƽﲢƽ۲أ綼Լ̣еظеӺӺȡ
ѹʻ䣬ֻܵһˣطNÿҶܼҵǰ죬ȥΣ죬ںϷۣ죬ҿգ죬ѩˣİ绹ĵıŻλȴе˼ҵϡֻǷһ޶ԣطGҲˣѾûˣˣӣȴҲ̡

ŹڴϣôҲ˯šȻ϶˵ү˯ˡ
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ƣҳ˵ۣȥЪŰɡ
û˵άԭ§ңһ˯ˡ
ڶ죬µ۵ǻ£ͬ졣






 41 

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ҲȻһЦ⣿߸ϣ£ңֻűߵһūţʲôȥ⣿
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Ķͱ󾿾ʲôı˾˺طNǸղһΣȻǰֵľʣ۵ײӹʹҵġ

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ҽӹϡ˿ңֹ䲻˵ˡܹõϵٳ裬ҵĵλϣ˿ԺĽ°ʹм尾Ȩнÿһ÷Ҫ

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һص֮أƣûһ쾹õұΪˡ߹һţһһ˲飬ߵطGǰ
ƵĻϣϣַҲֱΪǻϣٻطGΪӣٰΪ̫ࡣ

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ỽңϤůߣƸղǰûи顣طGǻϵġҼҪûǳĺѱģҪһૣҺ㣬£ҵֻװˡ
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ΪѵĿңҶ
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СԺϦÿһ˵ӰĳġطNյһһ˲ҾΪˡܹȥڵϰ촽ɷףƤҪˣỽطNطNѣǻؼҡ
ǳĽë΢΢ţֿҾ¶λð΢Цˡ˻ƣ˵⼸仰ûʶ
ˮģʹϧ糱ˮûңҶΧ˺ţǾȫޱ飬һˣпûиĶ
ҷطNȥطGǰקסӵ°ڣŰ㣬Ⱦϣ׵ܵܣôġϣ̫ҽ
ҴӵΪĨȥӿˮҰҵؿſǸ߹Ĵߵ˷ԸͻظطNߣҵˡطG֣ǰطNˣȴסŲˣ
һ£ͷصظͷūлū澸ˡ



лҪ˵λҶˣллģȻдѲٵʱ䡢͸飬Ϊ˴Ҳֵˡ




 42 

յ쳣Ļæµϵ˶ȴĳ棬ûһ˿ֻǳǳ֤š˸ڴ߽֣һᶼûǸǿŮˣɷʧǵʱԼļ⸺ص
ƹˣ˵ûд󰭣弫ȵҪڼʶطGĲ̣׼طNҽ
ѾҪˣĵ˳ûκ˵ע⡣ڽûĿҹ䣬ѾµؼӭҵʲôȻ۰ңطGһȨ쾭һ֣Ʊػߡڸ׹ͷʱҾʵ۵ķҸ˵ľٶұϾҵˡ

ڵŲؼңԺѷһʣһȺΧһȦվҢɫ࣬Ծ߹ȥⳡҲİ֪һжΪ׼ġһĳٴθǰӺСƵĲҽУطGпĿ⣬ԼӴʱ˺ѷεʹǣҡ
߹ȥҢűߣҡ
磬ˣô򡣡
֪ˣһҶǿݵģɽ³˱䡣
ƽ˵ûд
սȭͷŭغǻŸʲôϹȥݺݵĴ򣬴ϴΪֹ
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ҲǲηǳޣҲǲԼᱻƤҵĲƭԼǿŤͷһ
򣡡ص˵
һ룬ϴۡҴûȻʹ죡ҧһԡҼҵ˼룬ҵĹҵΪûдҳ綼Ϊ־רƶµƷôһ컹һ㵽ϣܽһС
ԶԶģ԰Ǳߣһŭס֣ʲô
ҿ˰綼ˢˢĹ£ϼ飬顭
еĴݲҲšطGһǰʹϧؿңطҽ⿪ӣҲһӳϹ䡣طվϵľʹ̼Ҳܵ¡ÿ֣£˫ַؿͷūߵлϣߵл
طGĽŲһ£ƱյʹϮҡʱҾҲ˲̣
ûд𿦵Ժӵ˾ţҳһȻطGҴӵϱֱҵ˿ڣʹҰг̱·˵һ㡣
ұߣЩŵˡ

ұԷſϣҪΪҩҾܾˣܾЧ
𣿡ͿĨ¼ҵʹ
ƵİӣЩ˿νС׼ˡ
̾˿Ҫ𣿡
ū澲ңūֻʵʵ˵᷸۾֮
۾įһЦѵڵҾͲǵǸطG𣿡
Ӻܲ𣿻ϲȴǻϡԣҲҲˣҲѰˡ
Ҫ𣿡
Գҡҡͷ˵Цͷң̸ֺ

ϣҴĻԼ֧Ųסᣬǰ̣ſҲסһգǣ᲻׸еϸûعˣūҲϢˡ
ʲôҲû˵ҸǺñӣת뿪һ̾Ϣһҹߣ






 43 

ɫ΢ҲſڴϽԺ˯šɼһ˫ָҵͷϣţΪ֣ҲǱƲѡСʲô綼˳㣬Ĳˡ
ĸҵĳ¾һ㡣ĸεһٴҵۡ
磬ûй㡣ҵͷ͵͵˵
ջ֣ҳˣ
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磬طNζôŻͷ
ñӰΧסϸңҡҡͷŮʮ˱䣬ôȫ˸Ƶġ
Ļһѵʲôˣ
ѵ㰮ˣðôķմӻȳ
⡭ҡ״β֪λش˵ģ˵Υ֮ԡ
ҵﲻɾȴ˺ߣ̾ɲź¡һֵ϶԰үĻԹǿѾãʱǾǸȫ㣵ˣ粻ͬҲһ£һһңһˮһ𡣺ټĳ֣үѲܣ⼸£ǵĻв졣Ϊǻеˣ⼸һֱףɻҲһ㣬ү֪ΪΪ֮ԼʹһҲѡ
Ϊ˸ŮӶΪԼֵܣҲ̫ûжˡ
˵ĳ⿴˿û˲˵ڮٻǿԺвɺ
ʲô˵ģҲ졣磬Ҳô
£ΪѲǵӺˡǻȨգȨͣҪԭǲܡʵүİһֱǻһβĴ̡˵䲻һ£ȴүδѻϷ˵ڹȻԡˣԣԺҲɺߵ̫
ҵ˺һҾҪȥôǵʱ
ͻȻԺ㲻һѾԸǰүã˵㲻١
磬̫ˣôһ˦ӣǣ˿ڣ۵ֱð亹
Ϊ˱סұס㣬ôҲˡ㱻΢϶֮㱳ˣ֪ʲôԼ
ҽһطGңԶ㼰ļ˶ƽ£ͲҪЩֵͷҲǡ±ңڣ߸ϣ£ȴʼΨһ˺ҵļ˵ˡ

ȻԺһҲûмطNû޴֪ͻȻ˹ٱſرأЦҲǸѰŮӺʦڣյӰѻ԰ʢķ䣬ٻŭŵĳķҢ֪ʱߣһѶıӣʵʲô
ҺһŤͷ
Ҫˣһڸɵȥ
ţҺδ뿪ۡͻȻЩϰߡҪȥĶ
תҵңһĨЦϺ͸˵ˣҵıຣ񷢶սΪͷۣҷּ˧ǰȥƽϢ
һҪȥôԶĵط᲻ΣգϿñ˴ΪʲôһҪȥ磬ҪȥòãϰֿµĶҴûԺҾѪԵϵĸ
ɵѾͷΪһ佫ɱбҵҫʹսɳҲ
ס죬˵Ļ붪һ˲ɣ
谮Ц˺ˣģһ῭顣

ôҲ˯ãշһĨұ㴩⡣ŽȥѴϿףҴδģһʱ侹˾ηǰɵɵվűߣ֣ôˣû˯ѣ
߹ȥȤǱ󽫾ݵŴˡ
һҵԴ컬࣡ϵ˿ɶˣ
ȫˡΪ֤Է飬һ塣
ҾͷˡҲڸ㲻Ҫ֪𣿡
Уұš
۵ӹһĨ㯣סҵ֣Ī˵һ䣬ҲСˣ绹ϣҸ
Ҳԣ磬˵ʲôҸ
ûٽӻΪֱѾûбˡ
ſ˫ۣûκԥ̰ԼĻֻס
ǵǰÿһδһ᲻÷㣬ԽԽˡͽӺҲ֪ʲôУ㾹˳ҹˣʱ滳㻹ǲҵСá
ٰѾܾöûлȥͷˣҲҷŲµ黹У顣ԸһһҵĶС㡣
磬սһҪСģУҪȥء
Ǿþɳˣ㲻õġ㣬Ҳġ
⴫İʱˣóˡ
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ſңٻȥ˯һţ
ŸߴıӰſڣֲ纣ˮϯҡҳ嵽ǰ磬ȥвУҲ֪Լ˵ɵҾǲߡ
ٴΰӵǸɵѾͷ
ҲƲסˮĳ֣޵һͿĸҵıţ˺ˣҺܿͻʿǻţʱá
һ򶼺ִʱÿһκ͸ĸֱ𣬿ԽԽСĲӰѹᡣԵһĲãǰֵֻεĳ谮ңչңһٱ޴ʧ١ҵɻֻһͦι¼ŵıӰ






 44 

Ÿ뿪ĹٱҲ֮ˡҰ˼⣬ôģŴܹصסңҹ̤ſڣ˹ûﰵ⣬ݺݵغһôѹҲ֮εĿС

ﻹһյſԥŸòýȥӱʲôӱطN𣿿ҵֽҪչսʤӱܡһžվ԰ĸһΪˣӴÿǵÿˣЩҿǵĻˡ࣬ʱȻȡ˵ҵȥǸѼ׵ļһ㡣
ʵүȬˣ
Цûʲôˡ
ֹı飬ֱģʵַʲô𣿡
̾Ҳã϶ҼүǿǼͷǰЩԣ֪̽󾹸ȥݡҲһүٺ»Ϊ˽ʡүʱûۣ»˵үΪթ
һϤҪ˵Щ֮֡
طN޳ӰſڣҸ˵ıȥȴҴûı䣬Ҵû䶳һıϡҵЦ̱ϣڸŵĶ룬Ϊѵؿң֪Ǻá㶵վԭأʲô
ҪûµĻͻظɡ
ʲôһˡ
ƽظһ飬֤û
үʲôòһˣαءΪѵؿֿȰ˵š
վ𸣽֣ΣЩˣ㵽ԺȥϢ
ү
ûٿһۣǣŸʧǸٳĻȴҵԺҵۣǷްҡҡûȥˡ

ҵտյģʲôû룬γѰŻؼҵ·һƬҵһƬûʵͷ͡ôůΪʲôһ䡣һˣҸԼһ󼱴ٵһͷʱѽǰһʱ֮ҾﶯˡһĨɫӰѸٰٶŽ⼱۶ȥ
ǰҰѸٿһƬûб߼ʵ̲ԭǰٶȣţطN§סҵҪҵնһ㡣ȻҴԾ£ŵһ§סڲݵϷ˼Ȧ֮һڰˡ
ſϣɫӣѲ־ǧ֮顣
ȴôҲƲҪˤѽþ֮־ίˮһһӿ
µûղϣˤ㣬ҡ
ұ仰𾪵˿Ѳˣ
Ĩȥϵˮŵһǲģ÷ҵ䡣
ؿ˼ͷңԽԽǣҵĶͷȻ۾ұ۾ڴʲôĺңͻȻſңҸվǰվıӰ
ԺҪҸˡ
ܵǰŵʵΪʲô
ΪʲôһЦѲǵǸܹ绽İ˰硣
㻹طN
ץסҵ˫磬ҵ˲к³ģ㶮
˦֣ҲϲһůůģģºĵŻ᲻ᱻ᲻ߵˡÿ춼ұܹˣҵļһҿԷɣҿ۾۾ůģ䣬ȴůԴȪ
ʰףһ仰Ҳû˵ͻȻ뵽ҲᷳˣֻҸڲѡҵɸɵ˵ҲŪ˼ˡ㲻ңԺȥˡε޵ݣֻһת㱻ӱסͷҵľңôĵȴǲ˻ر
ҵӣͷңڴҰҲܿ϶ܹ϶ǣջ۵ʱϰ飬˵֪ʱҵİܵ˺ѹԸµػֵķǳȹÿһճ䡣
طNǵȴǸôĸ
ϲã۽üңˣû顣ĴҴϣ·һı̧ͷ˫ҵ̹ĵһ졣
һ죬Ժÿ졣Ҿ
ÿĴߡӢͦüӣ·סһ㣬ŲĿ⡣Ȼסңģշת˱ұ۾ļ¶ҴӲ֪ҾܴӰ죬Լˡ






 45 

ҵƵܣطNϵЦݸʡ˸ȷǸؿ֮ˣʹ֪ɷңȴҲӺݴȵĽҵĴڣм㷲ֶʵ޿κΣ壬Ѱ顣Ŀڣûйǡ
мຣݣձɻؾȸãȴҲֵǡ֪޳طNȴƫƫΥ⣬֪ؾδ¡ֻǻδȵؾ㴫Ϣ㲡ءһʹ糱ˮͷ֪˵࣬Ƿһű˵ǧٿ׵ġһŮ˵ʲôɷİøҪ
һϹװ̽㣬һصڼδĽ㡣ɫ԰׵ڴϣˣĨʡݹ᾵˫֣ڹŮĲǿ𣿡
˵ﱧסŵ㡭
ҷ͵͵Ҵδ޾󹬵Ľ㲲̬ģˮʪѣ§Ҳһԡ
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Ҵ̧ͷصһжáֻǿģۡ
ĵϸĵλߵٳ裬ȴҲΪҴ˺ڶļʡΪϵĸӣȴزۡ϶ҳں󹬣ȴ֪ˡ
˵Щʱ쳣ƽûһᣬɡʹʧŮʹ಻ǳ
洫˹ϼݵŮ̫׷׹һءûһʱЩ޴롣ֱһƵ۳ǰݵƣ֪վǰǾ֮ƹ˵Ӻʵۡ
£Ľűߣ𿦵һֱûֱߵĹŻȻе˼Ĳҿóĵûһ˿ϲƺԤ֮һ㡣òĻش˼󣬱ҪϢΪ֧ҺطG˽ĹԺһʱ֮Ҿ֪ȥطGԭǻع˵ҷּһ䣬ʥּ
ֻӲͷƤ棬һ·ٵĹŮɣ˷һĿңһڡ






 46 

ĵһɵĹŮ̫࣬ĳƵĿϢҵʹͷֱƵѥӳҵǳĺҵͷ
Ĭ˰֮ĿڵΪʲôߣȴģӲįʹȴǺĵϣ߸ϣū澡ߡأ
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Ѿ͸ˣͻȻһĹյĵһ㡣Ҳһͷһͷٲ첽˳
ۿϾŮ̫ȫŲҴңֻңʧ˻ټĹԷڻεͻȻеĹŮ̫ͣ˽Ų׷׹򵹡һᶨ𣺡Ҽǵ˵뿪ٶʮ꣬ҳҵ£
ĻȻҾĻͷȻõǰãû¡ȻҴӲԻᵱ棬ľ
վʮ׿ľ룬ؿִţ񣬼ʹ㼴ҶȥһǼҵԣԸŵһС
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£̱Ǳ裬ڿ籩нӵţͷֱҵüۣգֱҵĴϡΧһ﹬Ů̫࣬ڱȫͷĿһӦǣݺݵҧĴĬĬţϵѪת۱㱻ϴǻ¶ʪ͸ˣȴһվӵǡ
طNӰƴؼìͷʹѣЩ֧ҪȥطG˵쳣ҵǵǣҵʶڰ֮ǰҾ˵㣬





 47 

һʪવرͻص޹·ŷû˯ббڴĿ͵ҡ⸱ʤģʹѣұȥס֣һ仰Ҳ˵ֻʣûõڰરવ
ƴңԶʴ˵ֻ㣬Ҳֻݵ㡣ȫ˵׺߻ȨҲġˣˡ
ģƽ֪ƽ֮޿κΣΪã޷ңֻĥԼ˳ҵ䵽ϣ鿪˱ҽյ֣һ㣿
һЦÿ˯ߣȴỽʱҵľͱ˺ķ顣õ˼ҳƷļ㡣û㣬ôʹòİҲռһ΢СĽ䣬ȴ㣬λ㣬ѾԲˣҲûһ˿ռ䡣
㡭ңҲʡȻȴ´ǲ԰׵ĴжĿȻĿң԰׵̧󸧵ҵϣãô㣿Ҳû㣬Ҳһˡڵ󹬣˿ҫۣ˭֪ʹ޴ڣӰΡ
㲻ǳɡһʱڿ죬˵֮־ԼɵĿԣ㰮Żϣȥ
֮һЦҵɵӣ⻰׼ΪһҲϧϣ֪ͻȻģĿڵͺͬ˯һ齰ɣ˼ֻǽ۵ʱҲˡ
˽§סĪҪ˵
ɵѾͷЦŷԸĹŮޱһǼǳҹģƺܿģ˵ǶʱЦһЦֱʱֲų˯ȥ

û˯ֻϸ̸ɬ˵˯ȫطGڴߵϺͽС̸ţʹȤⶼˣôû˯
һʱߵͨ죬ݵĹŮǵĻʵ鲻ŵЦ
ˣ֪Ƥһˣȳȥɡ·ȥ԰ߡ쿴˹װ߹ţΪʲôҵȴɲ
㣬ȥɣһҪҵΣסǿɲҪٽŶ
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طGڴǰŽ֣ʹĿһҲδ뿪˿̣ڱ˴˵ġᣬȴһĨЦϣ֪ˡһOӣûһ˿ĲãʣµֻޱȵᣬҿĽ㰡ĿƮԶԶվһߵңѵ֣ҾŲ߹ȥ
΢ĺңطGҲͷңڵŲŲÿһǧأ·ñ˵˫ߡŲĴǰסҵ֣˵ҪޡҿϺҵһĨŷᣡ˫žһ仰Ҳ˵ԭҾá
ϣҵַŽطGҪúչҸΨһǣˡ
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һӽްˣˣֻµģû˵һղŵ̫ҽҴûԼʹñԼȻһٵİ׷̡̫ҽάԭƹָԴ廹¶ȣΪʲôҪҷ˰Ķȭӣڵһҿԡ
طGϣͣжסҵļתһЩѾȥˡ
žһһʺӡطGϣҾԼûջص֣Ҿһӵ˿ֻŵĿͷסšŭʹĵؿңȴһⶼûСҾֱԽߵ㴲ߣ۾һգգĶڵֻԽԽģһƬģӰӣӰҲûУڰû׵Ľ١
ôڣ硣ҵ۾ƴ۾ȴȻһƬվǰ㲻֪ʲôˤڵϡ
طGһұ㱻ӵϤĻҾۣ޺ţҵ۾طGʲôˡ
§ңţ£õҽµġ
ҲҪǣӹҽȫӹҽ
ȥ۾ʹʧطGң§ҡ

һͷʹѡĿĺڰѷ飬ǳζá
ˣϣˡ϶϶ô
Ϥ̴ζϮˣطGᣬҵһ˿Ȼ
ҺŴϤĺľ㴲طGץסҵ֣ڹ϶ˡ
Ҹ磿Ҹˣ






 48 

һִֻҵֲڵĴУΪ֮ݡ˳ֱеķ߱Ǻ񴽣Ң
磬
Ҷ֪ˡ춨ҵģʹ᲻ҲҪᣬ㶮𣿡ɤûб䣬Լ͸һֱصıˡ
ɻشϣףʵֻһ̬ȥԣǾǽܡҲ֪ԼҪöòܸƽʹ
طG𣬡˺ˣˣúϢҽ˵ˣڱɼѾʩˣһûˡЪţһº顣
ҵͷıۣЦòȴһֱǰ

ڶҲ˵˯ôãȻƣ۲ͷصÿ̧Ŀѻָ糣ȴûһ˿ϲ϶˹طG⣬׼ҳסˡһˣñ˵̶һ˿ѷ졣ط飬ͬڡ겻ѳ˲٣ǸѩֵˡһӲ֪ôԡ
Ȩ˵ү顣Ҷⲻ֪ȴ
үظһ顣ߴطˡ˵꾹Ⱦߣ鼱֮ѿںط飡ֹסŲͷЦҡ
϶ӰԺطʵ⼸ú𣿡
徲أ
ҿûôиְصʵʵģһ紵ݶӰ쵽㣬ңΪߣΪ¡
ҡꡱһЦ˵ԼԹƵģѲûȢ㣿
ббһۣټϽҲ˵治Ļ
ôϴˣҲŰˣ
ۣ˵ֹŰ壬һȥһ
ȥȥɣҰͲء
˴طɫһɫʵ˸ô£
֧ʲôô£
˸⼸ÿ춼˵Ҫ㣬ɶֵȥˡ֮便ô£
ʲôˣ
طͷͰ˸ǲǡ
Һ֪ôشɫһҾ֪һģڻϣλǻ뿪ģֻ½ֻøľءˣ¿쵶ն飬ϾջʼҵĹֻ¶㲻á
һ⣬Ҹô죿

ʱطGˣΪƣŲҲӯһ϶ͻȻ£ӵסҵͷҵ۾ܲһֱƣƿ˵۾ѾˣС̫಻Ѿȥ𣿡
ңôһû㣿
ʧЦɲصġʵҺ˵飬ȴֲҡ
ڴӲǰұϥϣͷҵļϣôҲ޷ûзʹϵһ
طGм㡣
šӦһʾ
мһֱûл㣬ʵҺ͡ҲûҪ㡭ȥΪȽϺá˰ҲûƵϣȴȻҵļ˯ˡĽëһŰɫӰ۴ڿϣ۲ѡȴǾ˵ˡѥӷɵϣ뿪ȴһ§һڴϣӸסˡ
ſңȴôҲϷ֡
ңˣҺۡҵһǰۣ˲۵Ǿ˵۵ġĻԹԿҲҶĵغۣһ㴫ȵĺҴµָӡѾˡҾִ붼£ʲôҲû˵ĬĬĳˡԲҲǴĵġ
֪䲻ð仰һ㲻˯𣿡ʵ
˯ˣֱ㳳ˡ֧ӿңطNҹ㡣
ұΪңֱ׵˵˳ŶӦһ
ȥˡȻĶС
Ϊʲô
һ˿Σյζ
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£ʲô£޷
ûпһƬ
׷ᣬҪߣ𣿡
ҪϿ
׼ˣ͸ߣ۵¶һĨš
⡭ҡҲ
ڴϣ㡭ˣ
Ѿôˣҡ
⣬شң
ûû˰ɡҶĳµ
һǾͺã˯ɡ£ߣʣһĹĵػȴֲ̳






 49 

ʱطG˯ѣЦ˯˰ɡ
ѥӣкܶҪꡣ˵߽ӹҵȥĲˮһڡ
ʵ۶ҪôѲɴҶΪһ
ʵ۲࣬ɽܳãĿǰ飬ΣֻºҲֻǼ̳һտǡ
ʷ˵Ӻ۲бĹȴἰδⲻأԿ̾ȴ˵εĶȥˣ
ŷԼʧƴɫһƬ֪ԼҪ⹬Ƕã
ʲôʱһȥҲѣȴȻѿڶ
ţɫҰ𣿡΢΢θߵԩ
ûСֻˡҽ͵
վվǰֻһĨӰңҿı仯ŰĳĬǡıӰ˿һǾ˲áڹ֮գƽƽ̾һߵߣǡ
֪ǲʺҵġĹ͢ҶȴһƲҾȼɭϵв̤ȴǲ롣ȴҲʧȥɡһڵĴʻ㡣
תסҵļ򣬡˵ðɣʹô˰㻤㣬㻹ʲôɵĵģ
ɻ˵ģϵ۾ܹͣһŮϣ
Ҫ£ҲҪ㣡
ܲ𡣡
ѵ㲻ң
మδؾҪء
మҪأѲɲҪأ
ô㰮𣿡
ĬҲҼϵ˫ּᶨ˵Ҫظ
ɲ㡣Ҳ쳣ᶨóƱҪң鼱֮Ᾱӵﰲο˱ˣ˳ʲô㡣
ִֵ˳ʲôҪûС
ȥĵۣҲˣǡ
ʲô
֣صĿңһһٵˣ˵ȥĵ

ĵտطGӰ̴ζոλȫ̫࣬ͷЩףѼΪϤطGϰߣطG̹һ裬Ȼһࡣﰲĳ棬طG̯ǰۣʱüʱ˼ÿһȫ̰һȻǰһſŲŲϾҪűʱȴطG
ͷû̧£·ղ˵Ĳһ㡣Ҳ鲻Ը̤صĲӲ䵽ǰӳҹָʾվࡣȫΪһȲ裬վطGԱߣӣѾǧˡֻһڲ裬ְѲݸңȵˮҶĲȥӣһԵȫȵ̧ңһһ̵ͷƽǵͷ˿񣬽һƲžƽʱΨΨ͸ȴȫǾ⡣
ҲطGҲάԭȵĶҲūǰʧ˻ʵ۵ϣֻýӹ롣Ҳ֪ǲ̫ˣ֮Ǿر𡣼ȥ뾹˵׶
ʲô裿㺨ұʱ߰Ĳݸһߵȫ
طGЦȫȻϥͷⲻͨѡһֻƫ˲衣
𣿡
Ϸԡ費ͬһ㣬Ϊҹһ
ĻߺЦ޳ָҵı̯һۣȻǸġֻһ֮˽֮δصҶ֮˶֮Ҷǧž֪ºĽӡ
Ҳ֪֮Կ֮ԣԴ⡣
ֻ̯ʯϲҲƾ㣬ЦҲ㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳ㣬Ҳ㣬޴Ŀ졣
ҽסظ޴Ŀ졭ƫͷӢͦĲĵ𣿡
ʷͣ٣شҲûм׷ʣⱾڳ֮Смܱ֤ԼĿ죿ܿ
һ΢΢˼ıʼ±ʹĵôˣ˵ָҵĶʣĿ֣Ȼ㻳ֲҶſҪȴ§סͷҵľϷʵŮҪֻһˣȴ顣
ıˢҵĶ࣬ȵϢھߣ⾲׵ҹձ΢΢ƿҸûȥˡ
ûзֵ˼Щŵ̧ͷ۾ɫʣһͳֱյͬĸо޴롣§ңҽ֮ûһ˿϶ϸҵĶ䣬һ·»ü˫ǽȣҪҾļ
ƾطGҪ
̧ͷң൐뻳ɡһָֻҵգʾ˵Ҫסҵġ
ڴʣݺݵĿţҪ˺٣ʹмϻҲ档˳չҲ䵽Ĵ䡣Ȼ̧ͷǲᣬӵĸţ£ûˣû¡
ƺӤĳ磬ĸİȴ֪ôӦܻܲӦһ˲ʲôĪίɴﺿޣŪ޴롣ֱ˷ͣЪϲ顣ҺΪ§һԡһ̣ҸΣһʵһҵǰչ֣˫ץסȴһ顣Ҳң³ܲʧǰ





 50 

ҹʱ־С꣬žҹҽȥôҲ޷˯Ȼһϸ΢䣬һƬšҷſڣһƬˣ϶һǳߣʱ˯䲻˭֪ۣſڵһӰʱľӰųƽڰ֮λεļ⵶ȴǰĿˣҪףѸٴӴ£ͷˣһߺ϶϶ƺ˯úܳһ㶯ûС
ӰѱҲͲ͵͵ѸٵĴ˹һ߶һߴϧһ˶ûС
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еʹû£۾һҹ϶һѳں˵ʺǺҲǸʮӣҲǸеļ⵶һڵϣҵȱߡʱȴ޲ýǧС϶ذӵϷң󾪵ˡŷͷʹűڵϵĳҲʵزʶΪʲôҪɱң
ҧгݵҵ˺Ұ꣬ҪΪ𣿡
㰢ꣿʶ˲࣬ӡûˡ
ǿҵȻ֪޺޵Ұ̫ҽԺҽʹಡǻ췦ȴӿһ˵ΪʹᡣûһöҪΪ걨𣡡
ôҾһ㶼֪϶ѻС̫࣬Ը˼䣬һԺбǵƻͨӿԺӵһҵġϼݵͼطGѥֻ£һɫҴҹӱѾޡ
̤߹˿Űȫůһ㣬߹Ŀܹ֮ȥ˽ĻһҲҽ§סһְֻҵļͷãôһһʹ̲סʹ鿪֣մѪʱʧɫˣȫ촫̫ҽ
ȫһСûӰ
طGҽݰҷڴϣתվڴߵ϶ݺݵ˦һ⣬϶ͨһ£δ⣬Ҵæסôˣ϶ľҵʬˡ
δǣȵˣѺѶ
ѵصĹ϶Ǹˡ϶ǰһۣɫӣǡʣ飬طGȴһָסҵĴҵģһе˺˵òã
ᣬĵǣ飬һһעҵģͷڴӵ£ĿǰҵͷһһɫЬӡȻӡڰɫ˯ϣĿ
ҿ˵žҵ˯¡
ҵס֣û¡
ⶼʲôʱˣûû¡˵һ´˵۹⣬Եĳҵ·ؿλһƬϡû˵Һ·ӵ뻳ҸܵĵĲָģۣġ˵ҽˣطGվһԣ̫ҽҼϵ·ϸ鿴һϣϵ˿ڲϲصǡ΢ȥ伸ҩ˵£طG伸Ѫ춵ҩ̫ҽһȴҲδ˵ʲôһȥҩˡ
ҶߵĳѱȥһأطGڴҵĳɫɱӿ֡ҶȫȻİġ̫ҽҩҪڷطGִҪΪҩҲֻȥˡ쳣ᣬÿĨһ¶ʵ𣿡˰ʱ






 51 

ˣ˶˴˳ճüۼת˫ַڼձĦţָ޳ұ۾ָ⴫¶ȣůůģġסҵ֣ʮָ
ӦңҪ뿪ҡŲĿ־塣
ҴӦ㣬úûţ㵣ġ
֪𣬵ҿ˽һʱǶôлϲԡ
飬ŸжҴӲ֪Ҳж⣬ȴΪҡܶģܲжο֮˰Ϊۣ뿪ԶԶӵ˰ٴδߡ°ң
ǼűǼ⣬ͷŶͷű˴˵Ϣૻҵ֣ҵ
Ƶĺ꣬ҵ꣬һһΪҵĳ־Ϊ˳ծҲ񶨰飬ȴϾ೤õĳ
طG㻹𣿡
۾һ̶ħĺˮ֪ȴҲ̲סȥ

Ҳ
ЦҰʣµҪرˡ
۵ЦſҪסĻҪеŮҲĵ㣬ҴδҾ˵ű߼ʵĻ
ҹĴϰԵ뻽϶شȴ뵽ѱ֪룬طGſشʱ뿪ڣ꣬Ϣˡ϶зִ磬ţѥ齣ûֹշǲһ
ڰ֮ʵʲôڶʲô
ֻһǵĵطƽĹӣûзûжûȨ
ûҲҪ
ˣ֪û֮¡
̾һߣ۳ҰηƱãٻߡ
۾ʵֺγԸֿʷʵҲװ֪һֶ޶ã






 52 

һطˣһδ˯ͱӺнѡ
ڱΪʹҪ췬ظˣɺã˯㡣
ڣ뵽϶ڣµСŮѶĿȱ
һΣ֪϶ˣ
ɫЩ̫Ȼò㵣ģչ˺Լˡ
ҲΪۣҪ
ҵĻ֣µҵĻʲô¶Ҫܣֻᴦ׵ġ
һ֪࣬ȥҲʲʲôĬĬűĲҶ

ҵȴû̧ͷȴһֹģ
ôˣ
ԥһ£ջ˵㣬Ը
￩һ£©ġ
ΪʲôΪʲôңһطGӰ룬ֵΥ˼
ģңʳָҶǰȥȥɣ̰㡣
𣿻𣿡һھ岻طGΪжطGָ֪Ҫ֮֡
ڶ˵ûʲô֤ʵƽΪҪط˿λã۾ڲ֪Զмָˡ

̰ԶԶ㿴ĨϤİɫӰ£糿̫ӰĳģıӰҺۿߵиӦ˲ͷҾɫ㲣۴ͦε˲٣޽Ǿ˼׷޷ĹʣһԽۿ׹¼䡣
۹ؿңһºͣһĿʣֻɱĥʣ޼ĨϵᣬҵȴԽԽӿʳָ̧ҵ°ͣ˵ѯҡ涣ȴŨûĹĺ顣ӵ뻳Ҽϵ˿ڣûп˫ۻݵΧ̲סᣬֱӵңһ仰Ҳû˵
Ҳ֪˶ãֹסҵıЦԵδ˰޹֪ΪЦݿ
Ҳòȥ㲳ķɣѹӵģֱˡ
ЦſңҺܺá
һᣬʵܺãҲøΣ
ֻҪұá
ᣬȴأأѹ޷֪Ũô׵ÿ£
طNֵµͷĻ޾ʹͲҪΡ
µһ̺ۣ᲻ֵãܾúܾǰֵá
һǳİ̺ۣڸ֮£Լ֮ûע֪Ǻʱע⵽ġ
Զһӵ͹Ů̫۵ĻʾŻʵ۵ĵ
طNߡȴ˿
ѽˣָˡҲһִ
ϸһĨ΢Цģݵģһ£۾ŵ棬һʲôµģһʲôʧȥġ
򵥵ļ֣ȴ쵽һƬ˥ܣ˥ȴҲòӭӺ
ڲԶ£طGĽŲһطNصĹţߵ֮𿦵վҲ̧ͷȴܾȵҵͷϳٳٲɢȥ
طG𣺡ҹ빬ɲʲôˣ
ԭҹ빬ˣֲ㲣
ػϣЩüĿˡ빬д̵ҽʲĶӣ걻նǨŭС㣬ɴ˵Ȼ֮١
طNĻشҰ˼⣬ΪҪǨŭң
طGû˵ԽǾٲǰȥɿȴͷûأŲҲûͣ£ɸղԼĴ
һԵطNůЦݣңȥɡҲԺշҲ˼ȴҲ֪׷ʵʱ򣬻һЦطGȥͷһۣվϣӰ߲УӰмʶ

һ·طGģֱ̰£ȴֱһԲ
֪Ҳҿ˼аôãΪʲôҼ
ӵ̬ȼҵķӣûб㰡㲻ǿ𣿡
͵תؿңҲһ£ʶվǰǰ¾طGʵۣǸΪΪүڿңľ£طGҺԶ˫ȲĹ£סҵļֹסҹµƣȴҵ˴Ҳʹһ̴ɿ֣ŵôˣ̫ҽ
û¡˵ŽŲŲһ˴˵ľ롣
޷Ӧ˵һϤİˣɱĴȨв촦
ңͷϷң
ǻϣ˭»ϣ
ʹ˶ңȴΨҪҡסҵ֣ıȻȥ˵ֿţߴʤ¹¶վǰģɵˣȻػ֣ΪʲôҪն˽пʲҽ
֮㲻Ҫʡ
ǣңҪ֪
ĬҾסңҺòã
㻹ǲҪ֪ĺá
˵Ҿȥط飬һ֪˵תߣסҶҵ۾һҪ֪
صͷ
̾˿ðɣΪάʼϣάʵ۵Ȩ
˵ͳҲԣʲô˼
ǵǰ˦һ⣬ʱڳ̫ҽŮ̫࣬ȫǴ˳ȥʼҵĵźδ棿ԡ
ȫɱǣҲŵʵҶôϣϣûСһ̱ڵϣԭΪңҲǹ֣ңһƿҪҡ
㵵ջ֣Ŀʼ䣬ҵײײſڣûңٳǰʵΪʲôҪطN֣
Цһң⻹Ϊں㣬ֻ׷Żˮʯ
ʹѪΪʲôҲɱʣҶΪʲôҪ̣п᣿






 53 

صԷȺʱˣ˽ֲڵĴƸҵϣ˰ɣƽʱڵȰο
ս½󣬰ҵ磬Ĵǣ޹Ⱦǡ
Ңɻң˵ʲô뺦ôûּϳͲһʵǶǳĴ
壿Ҵ󾪣ѵ
޺޵ǵܺȣҢãǻɷѿĲŵõˣǾðҿǳıӵˣ㾹Ϊ飬ǲźͿˣ
ɿָ֣ǲˣۿȴء⽨ȼɭϵᣬҵһ˼ж֮㣡޷ңȴǡ

طGҲģһվҲûǷԸȫÿûкתʵҵ˿Ȭˣֻڼһİ̺ۡûջּҰᵽһĺիһĹģȴǺࡣѡһСķס£󷿼Ҿù¶ûаȫСſأû顣ǰΪŪһſںԼһǰžܾطGҪ󣬵ϴε֤Ǵġôұô˵ʥΥ𡱣ŲԾڨЦ˼

峿⣬̨ϸһ˪ĩˡ̾һ
һ,ɵýŵҿʼ֣Ǻ컨Ҷɽ˺ĻЦĿ֣ڵÿ쿴ڣʵÿһ̶Լ񾭱ĽġطG޶Ҳ֪ʲô޷⣬ĥ͸Ѱˣ¶ϣԳͽҶ񡣵ǸأѵҲˣ
ԼſһĨɫӰ̧ͷһطN΢΢Ц۾ѲˣûУҿ΢ЦŶ֣ҵԼʶһ˹ȥַŽģսůůģɢҵĺ⡣۾ʵôˣ
û˵ǣҵԺȥ峿ڴ䵽ϡԺаΣһ£ĺ𣿡ʵԵ͵ɤ˾У̲סҪԡ
ãÿ춼һ
΢΢һЦϲĹŮˣһȻЩį
һڣһˣһ˿ԷЦʹޣû˻񾭲ȥϡ
΢Ц谮ңҺһѣҼûԼ˵ĸоãĸоã
˵˰öӶˣſڵһ붹Ҷһ̲˿ͺˣֻϧŷÿĶЩǾµ˼£ȴҲҷζ㡣
ЩЦңҵͷſڵһ֣ʳУɻؿʾҴ򿪣ڷŵľȻҸղһ㣡̴ˣô
ôûϲ񷴶⸱飿ָһµţһع񣬡طN̫ˣѲҶĻ׳棿
ü壬ŵıҲ
ҵݹףҺһڰ۵Ķԣ֪ҵϰߣʲô϶ûšúȣ޵Ծ͵ֳԻؼҳ㷹һϤĸоƽģҵĸо
طN΢Цؿ̻ʣԼżŵĳһڣĿһֱרעҵϡ
طNңţ̧ͷŵôϲƽյ
Ҹ꣬ϲϲ⣬ӦѺŵ޷һ
Ҷˡ۵Ц⣬ˣҲ
ԱҳȥߡҪ
Ҳȥ
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һơûطGֺ֣طNҲˣֺαسأ
ĵȥ԰˵仰ĵģƺڶ˵ҲףĵжĿڶ࣬ʲôΪʲôһҪϵļɻ䣿
ջȥ԰ƽģһ޺ףִҳһɣҲò˳⡣һǰһ԰ţһ·ϹŮ밲ʺãȫЦԶԡٷķСŮǹ棬ƵƵͷ
ˣһ䡣
ֹ˽Ųչʵʲô
ûʲô
۹ȴĳһһعͷԶɽͤطGһɴŮ壬ŮӾ϶





 54 

˲ҾѪӽŵͷӿǡô᣿
طNңţ̧ͷһĨۺ͡⣬ҲôŪˡ
ɫܲ԰ס˵
գû¡ȥ
棬Ӧùȥ밲
һˣæ֣ҲȥҪȥԼȥ
ðɣҡ
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ʱһƬհףȥǲܵġҸȫ棬ŷ̫·ôƵġ
Ҽһȥģѭ˹ͷ̧ҹصĹ£طNλˡ̧ͷҲ֪˵˭ƽ̺Լ߸ϣԼݣխǸŤܣǵùؾصĿͷ밲
ū澲μϣˡޣˣ顣
طNһЦƳһۣһɺ޹˼ɵģ
𿦡طGƽ˵
ҵͷվһߣ϶Ϊʲô˹ˣʲôʱ˳
˿ȬˣطGʵûһ˿
ػϣū澵Ƕˣū澶ˡ֪Ϊʲô̲ס̣߷߲ƽطGû˵ʲôͷ϶塣
϶Ȼڵ֣ŵ϶ź˹ôã֪չɷΪ϶衣
˵꿴˿طGطGһźԥϣûӦ϶㣬ȻƵĿۡ
Ҳ뵽нգ뵽϶ļƵŮӡ͵ҵһݵһڵ̫ˡ²뾹վִһ⡣
һƴҴֲʧ˷Ӧңôң ˵һūˣūҲǷʲôˣū澸ˡ˵£ָһ⣬ڴݵ
վԭûж⵽ǰΧǰתһȦңʣ֪ζܰɣ
ʵ޿ˣ޲һ˺ſδ뵽ָһ̧طGȵס֣
ҵĴ䣬ŵĻͷȻ̻ŮˣҶֹȴҶһ˿˿ķӿѣƭŭʹ࣬һмһҾ֪ÿ޻ǸЦ֪һСطGĿҿԼ͵һ˿ȴʲôҲû˵
ֱϴۣ϶һȲϣûпңĿطGϣطGϵһĸĪ⡣ҵĽŲһ£ؿھţƽѾ䡣طNסңĿǡۡ
طNߡҰеֻϣ
ôôίܲˣ϶ģ׷š
žһϣطNջ֣Ĳ㳲ȻϢŭǱֻӬ϶ûпطNҵϣΪˡ
طĢͷһֱʾͬ⣬ѽطNĻ۾ûпطGǻϵĿ⡣

صҰԼޣղΪάֽеһֱǿţڿ˼ˡطNҺޱһ뻳ĸţֱҿ̱صᡣ
ᳶҵޱ¶Һ׵۾ҵϣ̶ǱǼ⣬Ҷ㿪ǣ
ҵʵ
Ϊʲôң԰ҵģȴһԿϷŲʡ
ק§ЩʹǱҪƷģûҲֵܰ϶һ֪һĻǱⲻ˵ġ˵ĵȻԤϵһ㡣
ͻȻȻƿŭĿӣǹģȥ԰֪ȥ裬ǲǣǲǣ
ûзϣǣǹġЩסģǾ仰֪ҲһЩ̫һԵĺá
Ҳ˵ʲô
ܿͶˡ
طNƺʲôܣڼƻҵһУȴ͸¶һ˿ѶϢҡҲڵʲôĴŵģҲ˼ʲô
ڿüթ
΢΢һ㶣̶Цթ
Ҳϲһ飬̫ۣͷȻֱǻȻչģӦ˳ȻҾҵĻе֪˺ȴֻҡͷЦ̸оĶŵطNʵ濴һƽĺˮʵ氵





 55 

һˣڼžĺҹţǧӿͷҸô죿ôܼѪգķܷɳʵĺǽ
뿪𣿡
ҵһ㣬϶ϤڶߡڰģӰӳǰҴ󾪣Լû˿ĻżϤĺ⣬ҲΪʲôҪ˵ҲһССŮкͨ쳹صıܾˮ֮С
شңܹ߳⹬ţټϣԸ𣿡Ļżڽûлش𣬵ȴ
ģʲôҲֻ϶ģӰӣطGζƺڡɲǼеᣬݣ磬ȫӿǰȥĵ𣿼ʹĮ϶ҵ˺һֱڵпԵġ
᲻ûȴƴ룬ⲻĥԼҲĥ𣿡
϶еĿߣ䡣ôѾҿˣĻȷû
ܲͱˣҷʵ㾿ôҹҷﲻᵥΪ˸ҳѡɣ
ЦһΪڵңѵ㲻֪ʲô£
ҳĬЦһҲڵŻȰο㣬ͽ첻Ǹᣬҿʡ˰ɡ
㾿˵ʲô˵ˡҲദ϶Ϊζһ㡣
˰£ڰĬƬ̣˼ʲô˵Ҳ˿ڵģˡ
ŵʵֱ޷ܣԭԼβΪڣʵһֱοƯ
ʵԴ˻ϣʦϰ䣬ȻһżȻĻҰڰү߳Ů
ô˵һֱǲߣ
ûô˵Ӧ֪ÿһγүĸϻ϶һ
ԭֲ֪ҪСƣֻ޴йŭѣԭÿһζﶼȴⲻȥơԭԼһֱСһǰݣҷѾĻ֪
ôǴ۾˶Ҳһ֪ˣСʵҺʵ
ΪأҾԼЦǲŵ𣿻ҪٱĽģǣȫǼٵģһжǼٵģ֪طNȴΪ˲ƻ֣ʹţ
ʵڲ֪Щʲôˣ˵ˣ֪ˣˡ췢̫£Ҳ֪κıֻҾԼ
Щ㻹֪Цţһʤߵ̬
ҴŭȳȥҲ֪
ߣ֪ΪʲôҴԭΪΪ˼㣬ûмɡֱӺݻҲףԭˣ֪µĴڣ
ЦΪѶûбҪˡ
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һͣݺҡ
Ȣ㻹ʲô⣿ʵ
⣿ҵȻ⣡ʹǵõĲǸǣģȫȫĶ㣡
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ΪʲôЩ㲻֪𣿡
ΪүǺεˣʹʱ壬ôµ᲻𣿽ϵ´ɺôܣǱ˵ѣ˵ܱ˵ҪǡĶࡣ
طNЩʲô





 56 

ڶһ磬ϸ꣬Ũˡű˿˿ʲôһĨϤӰԽԺŴͷȻһȴڿ˺ָֻƽ
طN°׵ĳմȾˮеֽɡűߣɡϵ䵽档
ˡ΢ЦŴкȴ
Цţҩˡ˵ͳµĴƿݵַŵϣû£Ѿȥˣûô󡣡
ϵЦƬ̵̣漴ָֻ˳̬߽Լһ裬Ʒһԡ
ȻԵõ̬Щסʵ㾿Щʲô
üʲô˼
óʥּӵµʥּҪһؼʡף
ûдʥּ۹ƮԶĵط˼÷ʵ㲻ΪҪġ
ҡȷԼҪģóԸŷ־ԭǰ㻶ϲ
˰Ƶֻ̫ˡǵ˵Ҳ뿪û뵽ʳԡ
Ҳ⡣طN³仰ƽˮӾƺһ
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ָָ棬ˡ
Ϊʲô
ʵ̫࣬ȴֲ֪̫ࡣ֪̫ᷢԭ˳ªˣԼСȵӡ
֣ȴε˻ȥֻʣһ䣬úչԼ
лϡ΢һ彩Ӳһ£͵ػعݺݵҵĴ˺ҧֱ޷ϴѪȵζҽӵ뻳·ҪǶһ㡣ظܵĻ̻󲻰̲ᡣһرʣڻ̲סʵôˣǲǳʲôˣ
ûС˵϶¡
λսʤĻʵۣ˭ԶǸɾˡ
ĬֻԽ§ҡ꽥ͣˣ̫ͷųĹȡɿң벻ᡣҲþʲôľ֪˵Ҳͽ͡
ĿղţǺݺɿ֣´ϻʵ۵ߣ֪뿪ʱˡʲôҲûдҲտȥҲտաűʱͻȻ۷ʲôҪҡΪ˴彭ɽȹ̣Ҳòô
Ҳ˼ͷȴǱңƵʾ߸ϵλֹ¶ûжʣͷ죬ͺһסƴȴҲڣһƬãС

Īرǲ͡˻긮Ѳ긮һƬݻƷ󣬾˵ķκٺ»ƷԱԴסУ񴦴ڻʹͷпֻš
磬ǲ̫ҡˣĻϲ߻ᵽµġǵĽ
Ңں˭ôӣ˵ΪϳǰûңϵĻ֪˭أѵô󽫾СС涼Ʋ𣿡
ĻҸӵǣʲô˸Ӧúɻıǹ߸տ»ǻ
վҺΣҾȨգڽʿҳֵܣ
ҽסĻͲ³ҳӣ
ҵĻ̫ˣǵˣֻһ˦ôˣջظ͸ֱŤǲǻʹס˵ӻؼҲҪˣ
ɫһҰףһ۰ңδ˿ڳԡҲŲĳסҵֵôòҪ˵Щɨ˵ĻոϯһЩٹˣҲȥ׼һ¡
Ҵͷ̾ÿ˵ǲı䣬֪ʷĳȴ޷ֹͣ˿ͻȻ뵽طGĻ۷ʲôҪҡΪ˴彭ɽȹ̣Ҳòô

һϲֵĳϣڸûʲô飬һ˶ƾô˵Ҿǲȥֵ͸˽صİѴϣһɶ
һŲȫ˵ȥ
طGˣôɺϣʣȫǰȥ˲ˣſףôҲ̫磬Ҫȥսһ㡣طGߵλã߳϶ûˡվǶֱطGҹȥȫܸоҵĿⶼϡҿʾҹȥһߵǰǣҵ֣ס΢΢һЦߡϯֻطG˵Ǽ磬λؾ񣬴ɿ
ֵǻʵ۵Ļ֮Ҳ޷Ӧһֱ˵лϡڽŸͬлϡ֮Ľʿʼַľƣ
طGϿȻǳЦֽ˽еۡؿ˸ΣҵΣסһ
ôˣ䣿ͷңҡҡͷûУֻЩ¡
Ĭһĵسϯ԰԰ܰżСһôӵң˵ܷʲô㲻µģΨһģľͿԵ컯ˡ
֪Ң˵жҪҸ硣
ҲҴĽ
̾˿㲻ǻʵۻҲҵǸöá
ΪʵҲиȲѣϣ˺㣬ֻԸΥ
ģģȴӲûһᡣһ鱻һ£־ͽȻ෴ˡһֱĴ·ͻȻ谭ҲòԱߵĲ·Ȼ·ͨҪȥĵطȴò·Ϊ谭飬˭̤ĹԼ˵壿
ЦطGһȥϣһлûзǰúϧʣµʱ䡣
ҵ⣬Ҷһǣá
ҵϵ㣬Ҳ뱻翴

ҲԼϵ˶ãֱڲż룬һľĻ϶ڳһ˳ȥ
ѾˣŨطGԼΧסһůһĵЦңҵְţ˵ǵǴ𣿡
ҵͷ
Ȼѣ֪ȥطNȴֲҲ𴩣ҺȻ䷢ں£ʧȥ㡣ֺߣȥطNǣԴСƣֻû뵽㾹˹ϵһ˲ȫѪҺˣʱҲŷҾں㡣
˵ĺǹЦһƽ¡ЦЦ㾹˸ҡ
ûС
һȻ϶Բԣա
ûзϣŵΪطNʵŵʵϲطN֪֪
ʲôҴʧ
϶ʵʲô£
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һˣҺôĶ
Ұ͸طNˡ
㡭ô᣿Ŵͣⲻ̫ܰɣôǳԸ
Ҵһ£߾͵ԸΪĸ硣ĸ·ʱȥĹӣͬĸĸΪó豻ҲҴţСĹ¿࣬һֱδԶø
һȥĴϣҾһطG˲ѹ£һӣ־ΧΧ϶ܾˡ
طGңҡҡͷ˿û¡ʲô
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ĴȻûмƣһƬҵġϡɱԽԽطGſҶ϶˵ҳȥ㱣
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ҿűֻͷңһĵЦųȥˡҲҴ򿪴֪µġ£ôʷҪдˡֻǣҲµĵû£ȴ²µľ϶
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ںšϲҪȥ
һұ㱻طG˳⣬Ѿˡ𡱳ϵѪŵɫҰףŵҵȫû˺ۺŰӵ뻳ҸܵĲԼҾᡣ
طŴ־˹ɱֹͣˡ϶ӳ̧˳ĺ󱳼ûĵطпľſڵϣѾһϢвӿڵѪ
Ұֻ᲻ӿһЦ˵֪Ҽ㡭Եõô˵İұ㡭㺰ϵ֡ҡѹ˵ֿȳһ̲Ѫ
ӸŴߵѪҲã㡭
ֿ˼ŵûҡǻΥҴ˹⡭˹ΡҲǷʲôպҲ衭Ρ
ֿ˼ѪĹʽʧؿطG߹ңȻ϶ӵϱ֣ص϶лл㣬޲ġ
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һ̱ڵϣˣˡΪңΪҡǶô棬ֶôʱǿʱ϶һҶ޷ͻطGȴòͬİرһȴֱȽҡǷǺܶ˵飬ǷǺܶ˵ծծѹϣ޷ֻ»˺






 57 

Ƕ˵İšҴδ羹дطGδϵһһ㡣طGķŭǿ֪ΪĳЩԭ˸磬ôڣҲˡļǵҵȴžǵʱϵ˭ıϣصĴҲδһǰңҪһĸ鶼ھͷҲص־뿪ڵҹǹѣʣһվڱ·ߣ
ڶ죬һƬƽ˾ȴʥּһһּⲻκ˷ʵҲȥʲôˡҪҼռʥּ˲ң֪ԣõİšأҲʧҵ޸ɣϳ֮⣬ֻܺܺõչ㡣һһϲ磬˶μӡᵽѪȷζȴֹʲô
ĵڶ죬类˾ʮ˶ϡ£곤꣬ķ䣬նĴնңΪ˻ԵԷƽ˾
Ҳû˱ҵ»ڶȴʧȥˡ˼磬֪ۻҰģҵģǳˣϴ棬հװҰԼСԺÿ͵Ů˭ҲطNֱһ죬Ůŵ۹⣬ҲŴзԼͷ׷Ů˹Ҵ£̱ڵأԼ׷˿ 
ֱһůĻӵ뻳ұӵϴᱧطNʹĿҵҿеӳҵģס۾ҵ֣ҵĳǺο࣡Ҫ飡еظܵˣҡ

½һԷԺʽĻݣһƬľվڴǰطNԺֻݽˮе⻹ǳ忪˽ԺһƬõĹԡطN°׵ĳۣ°ڱ¶ˮʪվ˴ЩˡҴߵߣһ㱡ãġ
סҵ֣ЦУһҪҪΪĻ԰
ڣҪҵۡͻȻ۾͵ģÿתݡȴסͷҵķ䣬ÿն̷ֻϣںôѾûʲôֵںˡ
ңҪôܿģͳΡû˵֪ʱԽԽĬˣڵڣطNҾǲٿڽһ仰
ҪٵԷˡ֪仰ǶộĲ֪ԼͻɲҪնҶĿա
͵һ𣬸ӵסңֺõ˵˺ˣҲãñ㣬ԺҲ˵˺òãòã
Ҳ֪Լ˵Ҳ̵תдźºͿ־塣ۡˣٷˣĸŮ˼˻᲻ģȴΪƫƫûĵңˣһʹࡣ
ǰһư׷طNִˡҵĸ׷һҲκɫʡȥԼɣﰲضȹĶ͡
סҵļ缱еһⷢ˿ĸظ㣬ΪʲôͲܹأ
֪Ҳٰκ˵ģҲ㡣ҺݾĴһ˿ϣ
ۿЦΪΪ㰮Ϊ㰮ϧԼ
Ǽ̵ıһȻ飬޷ܣûԿԡطGҵ磬ȴ޷طN֪ĸ޷ӦȴԹ޻ڵظҲӦǾ䣬鵽Թȡ

طNȻԷҾܾκһ˽ΨܾҵֻʣˡһһȫõģһһľȫģҵʳҲȫŲġֹֻܱĽϡ

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ǰڴߵģ˵Ŵľ»泩ò͡û飬ʵﶼνġڴ̨ϼˮϣش̧ЦЦջ֣ϡϲĽӴ꣬ҲżƤ䵽ҵϡ
طNûмھͷ꣬ԥһ˵²ܳ˸ͷһֻŵԷſڲǽŵ㡣Сʱ߹İүϻ̳Ͽ֣
ҵ˵ͷĲˣʵԵʲôҸ֪Ӹһֱʳ֪ζòֻй¶ѣطNʲôʲôûʲôζû
㲻֪ʲô𣿡ʵ
û̧ͷûĻһ㡣ôطNضǰҲһֱûʲôӦˣٶˣʲôԭڼġ
Ȼûʣ˵ˣҪһЩ飬Ƿ
ҵĿӅһ˵ϣˣתͷŴ꣬ǵʱ˵뿪ͷ١ҳԼ˼ûע⵽طNʹϲĳ졣һһ˫ҵűߵɡſ߽УıӰǰįԷʱһ£۾̫Լ۰ɡ





 58 

һҶûмطNҲûֱϤĴȫʢŭȴǲӰӣҵľʼҡ
ҹҿĨ°ɫӰڻ΢Ц˵ջ·֣ܹȥַŽģЦĺ㡣ͻȻҵһ޷ƵĽ̽ĿڣѪȾ˰£޳΢ҡΣִҼϣңĿҡ
һŵɿս֣źҲǹġҲ֪ôҡ
ָ⻹ůĸҵԺҲչˣҪ֣֪𣿡
ҿЦ˿̲ŷ۵׵ĲһƬʧĿݻƲԭõȵĸسٳٲ޷ٵȺҿ˵ϣǻѪڵأͻȻʶҲ޴ĿֻϯңŴȫۡ
طNֲ֣õԤУ˿ֻ̣

ҹʱ֣ƻͨػأɫæȫִűСԤлʵҲ˲ʲôǣһȥ
ҿҽӿѾһǿİ˸طNĴĨᣬͻȻһĻϤʱҲĳɡһʱ֮ҾͷĿѣҼߵߣطN죬٣һ˵ʱϵ

˸ңҲ˲յֱӰҰڴߣã͸Ͽү˵仰ɣǡ
ҵ䣬ôˣ
Ƿ졣үѾˣ߶֣ʱ˭Ҳ׼㣬˭š˭Ž羹ſ˼ѪιȥҲûѡҽ˵ܿķӶˣõҩҲˣǡ˸밲οȴԼҲʧ
ҹǰָ⻬ü۽ǣҲҪţطNһ߰ɣҲܲ𡣡
ĺӼ٣ˣϵս֣ƺֹܹʧһƬҽȫڵء
룬λҽ߳ҽߡүĲıˣ䲻ͨҽȴ֪ȻҽȴԲô̵ʱطNѲ˸Щ΢ɡ
⡭λҽΪ׵̫ҽһۣزรȷʵǻ췦
ȻˣҲΪǣǻعɡ
ǹڵϣԥŲ˸ҲЩʲôɫ
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ֶһ£ּٵסĹͷ֮ȥҵּطGܼϰֵÿһϸڣǵҳдŮ룬ӹ綷ȴҲ
ڰ˸ǰ£㣬ˡղš
ң˼͸Ըүͦ
ŮӵŵΪһˡ

컹δʥּ㵽һµҽŹΪ׵Ļλ̫ҽŴҶæµʱรϳ
Ƨĺ԰֮㹪£һǴ󵨣ҶǷݶҪЮң
һת컹δ¶һ˿⣬ҹɫŨأֻ¶һĨϸ΢⣬΢ֻԼģɫ
ϡţȴû
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𣿡ЦΪһ˳ճյȺЯһѡ˻λɱȫң֮ϵָ˻飬ڣҪӺҵɷʻϣˣǲǱҸ̣
ҲĿʹģ֪ǽԵ޷ݣҲκνˡǶమѪܵʵԶ޷ĥ
ˣ㡭
һ׷˵ĺܼᶨȻ֪ŭ
ǲ֪ߵغ֪ҢҾͲôŵıȫ㣬ϧ밮¾ңԻά㡣
ϣӵеѾ࣬㲻ںֻطNˣҲûˣҲ޿
޿أŭػһ˰ɡ
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ϥлɲǼ䣬˷ǡ
޻Ѽµҩģҽĺհ׷ˡ
Ե龡ˣĿһۣһۣǧꡣ

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طNҪԺ󶼻㣬ұ
̧ҵһĿ⽺סңҵô꣬ˡ
ԺҶģҪ
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ҵ쵽ˣͷ˫ֽŽ
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һȻѣŵĶȥЩ˵ĳطN
ûԽ𣿡
ҵС檡۲ĵôһ䡣
ʱȻתͷһײıϣʹűӰıɱ׷򰡡
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 59 

νɽȥ˿طNĲõļȴܺáȥˣԷĻѱ紵䣬սƮѩ
ůطNӵǰҵһһֽдӳ˵ִ֣֮ϡ
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СŮѩ̣һѩڴϣһëֽϻ˳һߡطNõţѹһŮƣҺȻʶഺȥˡ
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طNĿ¶ͣŮ۾һգۼֿʲô
طNվſڣѰζĿŮţĳҾòһҴ˸磬طN񣬹ţҵů¯ԣëסңů𣿡
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ǸŮ¸ң˵أѯĿңٵͷ
Цˣô˵
˵ĺܶԡҸ͡
ͻȻ䲻ķˡ̿𣬺΢Ц
šҲûʲôˡҾԼƽ͡
Ǿˡ
ûϵֲǹġˣȥ㣬Ͳˡ
ʵϣңûУ˵Ҳá
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лรлүٻȥطN͵ŮȻꡣ
ү棬ȥɡҶ΢ЦҲʧʱĴҡڿĶţӶᣬսȨ
ʧЦصĻߣôԴףˣƽȣԼϰˣҸһˮƽϡ 
ҲŲȴһקסһůĻ
վȣ⡣
սҵЦˣ˸㡣
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طNеָָһֱעŮʵʲô֣
Ů۾𻨣үū澵ֽ£ǡ
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Ҫ廹ûãô䣬㻹Ҫ
Цңһ˿ϾүôҵĻȡ˸ղԣطNڸҺòãˡ
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ǲһ˳Уֻøһ𣬻ܼԶԶţʱԽԽӦˡ
һƥͨѩ׵ĿԾЩŵҶЦ£ڡ

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ѩƮҵȴķ̡̲ס˵ôң
ͷսңϵҩζܽҵıǼ䣬𣿡
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ЦǲҸɵĽ⿪ϵһֲ̿ƾܣ𣬱
ʲô

ҿЩ˰ϵϡϾĿҡ
ٿһº쵽ƿѩҰȥں滽ҵ׷ңҲʵǲ˼ȻĿҿסؿڣˣܱܵġҾŵȥطN㻹ðɣԲҡ
̧ͷϹŽƻЦôˣ
ˣңᣡ
ȥ㷣Һòã
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кβأҵĸһҵıͷ谮Цѩˣǻذɡǣҵߣʱһͷһܷ̲ʢڰѩе졣

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һ鳢һڣζܺãˬڣ̧ͷңʵó𣿡
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ġ
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˭֪ģ롣˵һʮ˸СҲʲôϡ¡
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΢Цջˣ齣ȡܵңҼˣҵʶˣ֪ʲôʱѵԣЩ΢ĺܽɴʣȻѡ
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׼´̣ӱסߣֻǡֻǡЩţҲ֪ô
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סĴֹҪĻҵһޱȣӻȵĻҡ
һƬϢҵУҹԽԽˡ





 60 

峿תƬ֮ʶطNԷҹļָǰ޶ȣҵתл˿̣ǸһҺߣĴܿĺ顣ֱۣȴ볳̱۾װ˯
ҵĶͷ֪ˡԸеҼֱƻ
۾񣬡ˣǸˡ
᲻𴲣һ𴲾ͲˡһЦ޺ȴڱ²ֵĶұס޷ܡ
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ģطNҪˣѾ˵ȥ
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ֱʱҲ𴲣һھǰױŮĿдŮ˵ı顣ҿʰ齵СѾͷڴЦɵĸ૵İһУöʵҸܵڱ˴ˣְĸоǴδйġ

м˷รˣүȥ
ѾܾûмطˣҴʰһ±ǰ
÷ʢ÷һѩ°׺ͱɫĨӰӳ䡣ǵ̸ԥŸòڹȥɣطNתңǣҵ֣ͷҶľãúġһҪ
ҵͷ
ɿҵ֣˼ֻͷ鷿
ҾЩЦصҾ
ŽЦݿҺһ̤С뿪

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ĬȻǰӰǰǸӢˬصԶȥֻǰ˪
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Ҳ֪үԶ֮ľ룬˿̣ȴΩƺΪǡ
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ˡ
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Ӱգڸʹ̻ã֪ĸŮֵ衣뵽ԼȻʧЦ£££ϴ
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 61 

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ʱ˴ҴϣСˡ
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طNһ򴲱ߣͷһû˵ıһſ޳ʪȵ͸ҵҵļ





 62 

˺طNսɿݣʳÿͶս㡣֪ʵ߳ųҩʳһＸľģˡ
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ҵŴŵ䣬ҵ֮Ҳܲκʧȥ

߽ȥʱ򼸸СѾϵˮ飬ʾǳȥطNͷңղѪɫϾ˺Ρ
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ߣƿңűߴϢƮƮϣ㲻ҪٳҸѾҺ޹ϸ𡣡
Ϊ˵һţҰ˵˺ƬȻһ
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