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Ӱ꣬¶ʮּ̫ƵӵۼݱѳֳԥǧΪ׵ۡ
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󣬳ߵ£׷˼ӵۣڼ䣬ţһʷơ
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ҵĲǰţƫһĵطʱĴϣһСӰ
·ûб˵Ӱ죬µȺҵš
ݳ״Ǹ˱߽ʮأʹŮ治ҷԭһƽϱ߽İΪ֮Զݳ
ԼʮǰԺʷ鵯ݳ˿۾þ飬˾˵ȷʮ֤ݣڱв֮ӵĵڶͷŵϡ˺죬ӶԺʮʷƵԹ٣Сɽһѹڸӡ
Ϊһֱûеõʵ۵ĻӦЩ۹ĵĳѾͷذλյͬ۶á
ҵУǰƳС΢΢ŤŤᣬҪ˵µλһԵ˾ӡ帣ûвλѾ˶ʮܹܵ͢س΢üףӰȥȻЩ͡
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ΡĴڣĹĴ󳼣Ĺٷ飬һֱ쵽ɫ¡
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Ŀⲻͣתͷо޴һ
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ǰԭڸ׸ҸԾΪɣ񽻸ڸθʮϳ͢ףʹ˸ϻ硣
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֪ʲôһ£ԴǿӲ˵ȥȥ
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Ҳ½Σ̧ε̸ȥԼĵķߡ
߹ţǰһ޽󼸺СԺ
ʮ»ص֮󣬷漸ҲɾסҸɴ˴˼Χǽĵͺٹ鹬һ壬鹬Ľһ԰ٹԼݣס
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Ļ󣬴һɫĳΪϻһвɫڴϵİ¶
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ΪһǰˣҴпԼӰỹֹסĻ
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øһЩܵݣҲԷſһЩ
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̫ĻشҼţʲô
ɢȥˣɫһԺеѩ״ҲһխĺɫȣƺҲһЩĶ֮Уһ˫Цһˮͫٵӳʵա
ط˰Ȼů΢Цӣ

 2 

һ緹
ǶӲǱһܽؼ࣬в˵ҪϿ²׼ţǾͱЦЦĶſ
֪ЦǰһԼݳ˻ݺݵصɻ˻ȥ
üҩѵĺ꣬ϢһźߵǵԺ
ݿεʱ䣬һȺСëͷҲճ˷Ը˯Ժܣǹԭ㶡
ںڶϵСаȺȦеĻ˹˵ﱧסȣ۵ſǻСа
Ҳ첽˹˫۾ˮȴûСаһ
סСаļο
ҲСаһﱧͷԣ쵽ǵҸĵط
СһϹɵܽ䡣
ŻſҼͷҭСаһߵȥȻѾ˿齣һڴĿſڵǡ
Саŵϣק̲סԹһǰҲʮû棬ôûôңҲ̫ƫ˰ǣ
类Са˰ϣ̧ͷЦЦԲԡ
ܹڰڳԹӣСһҲпտңһ߹ȥԱߵ
ǱСϣһš
β֮Ϊ̫һֱûǣֵòСҾͺ˵˽ź󣬻һǡ
ЩĸòʱҳᶪºǳšȻæȴÿ춼ǡö֮ӶôճңرϲճСа͸ҪкüΰҹͷܵҸķҪһ˯˯ãмӲһСѾͷֱţȴް취
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ܿͱˣһ·Ҹųȥ󹤷ת˷õĴͥԺ԰ֺͽ԰һˮԺǰͣ¡ԺӵĸȻ͵õĸֲͬҼְѸľסʹĵطںΪһˮԺΪ¶ٻĽûٳЦҡ
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СһԭڽʱһˮԺ̷ЩưʹŮеһðʱҲһͬˣ߹ȥЦվڷûȥСҵͷЦðȥõɡ
Ѹ֮λҺô˵һãƺֻΪθ׾֣ǺܶʱǶܻǰ⣬ҲûٶҵľͷκʱһǲԾع۲ɫԼǲʲôһ˰ؿ߶װ֣ϲûκαʾǲ˵ȷ𽥷ſֽš
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СҺܿƾµ÷ź˻裬ܵڵ鷿ȥ㹫ġ
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뻺ֱ˵ͨݽھֵͷãٴܵſȥˡ
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ҹȲͺˣÿζϺһٺŪͷ͡ǼȻڣҲܶŲֻӲŰ鷿룬˭֪һžͿھеţеط顣
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ʱͻȻټ󳼸ʲôģ
ݳҴ˸ͻȻףݳԭѺ⵽ġ
============================
ǰæģڵĲϣʵڱǸҡ

 3 

һŻš·ûдƵǬ幬ʱͬ⼸ĳ֣һƬྲ
ڳᣬκ˶Ǭ幬Ҳֻվڲź۵ĵط˽һ
ֳһڣһĮλ䣬ˣ˭ֻ󣿡
һĬƬ̣˳Уش𣺡ߣԸ֡
λеĸ󳼣ǲ
ݳǴһƷĴ󽫾оλʥּδ֮ǰҲûȨˡݳؾ˵Ѻ⣬ʵΪ˱ӣԸģ˵Ӷţƽʱְûʲô
̰ߺְֿɴСֻҪûʵ˵һ㶼ٺְ¡
Ҳη粨ʹĿģΪ˸һٽְֵüȫĹٴ󶯸ɸꡣݳڴ񹲷ߵĵزɣ
룬͵ڣ׼룬˾ʮպ޽౨󡣡
ε˷Ӧ˾ļٷ׷׳ּ
˺ֽ˼䣬ʹɢ
ǿụ̈ǰ󲻹ʱִͱסҺڳʱϼʱ֮
ڵУµӲŻعһǶſڣտӰ߳˳һߵС̫࣬Ź
һڴƺûϵô죬Բ㡭
Ҳ˵꣬ͷߡ
ԲԣԲԣȵĽңȴҶеЦá
Ͼ˵أټ׸ĳԭӦļ·Ȼ
òײŰڵڵһû˵Цţô˲Բԣ
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ֱЦһͷش⣬ÿǰİ켣촽ݺݶס졣
ܴ̫Լĳҧ촽һֱǵȳŷſϣһָĺ󱳰˳һؿڡ
ǵĺͫﶼ˵ˮ⣬߿ȱЦԲԡױ˿
죡ڴű߹վôãҵ鱾Ͳãһۻعȥن¾͵ǿ㡣
죬ȴһЦı飬ֻǸұ˰ؿڣڲʱܵ͵Ŀԡ
˭賿ðźϳܣ
ŵͷ;÷ؿڵеᡣ
ֱһֻĴס̧ͷĿңЦЦԲԣǸ
ǸŪȥŴһʼۿҼñǸ˾ͽ·ҿ
ţ΢üǣ
ûɫһҿ´ϸҰǣ
صĵ֮󣬾վɿʼһټ£пУһԷȥһºǵĹΣһЩ£緹׼ʱȥһжصû֮ǰӣ˵ʲôǾǸӵƽ
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֮㶣˵ʲôԣ
һۣҪ˵㲻ָʲôӰ׸λ赹ǰ˵仰Ҵˣ㻹˵ûвԣ
ͷԵһٻ˵һ㶣˻ЦҲûвԵĵزɣһе£ͺˡ
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£Ҳǰǰ¡ĽƵģҲ˵׸Щԡ
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ҪСĽղͷһۣѱӷϣȥǰҡҡͷʵ̫ˡ
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Ц֮Ų豭һ񣬷Ҳûʲôˣôʣ£ǰͻȻиܹͨ˵и縻ĸҪҡ
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ﲻôеģЦװһӣҪˡ
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ƽʱͨŵʱûôһֱܲӺԼŮ˲ͬ˼ҪĶ࣬ҪȻҲô궼ڸͨšЦЦҿżɽĿڣ㣬ңʲô𣿡
˺ܾã̧ͷʱĴ۾ȻЩ죺ҷ˿ҵķԶ
ԶݳҼǵԭھǸò۵긾ˣ㣬ǡݽ檣
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죬ͻȻ֪ô˵ǹټСټòڣǽֻ·ſҲҪӺգȥ˵檡
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ô˵ˣֻҲվվ𣺡ɽصʱݽ඼ȹҵˣ˵Ҳᾡ
ңвεĸм⣺л
ܶ겻˵˺ܶ໰һֱһʱղ˵ݳҶܺòǼٻϷӯˮҸ˼ٵġ
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ǡ帣û˵꣬ůžʹˡ
һ洫˵˰үҪȥ
ѾߵůſڣЦУ˵ˣûпС
ЦŲһ죺ȥĶ
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ξѩЦſְүˣʲô˵ģ
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һڿˮǺҺ˲ƿԷ
һȥϻûſˮһֺȥЩҵϢǲȣǸšСа˭ģ̧ۿҲͺգʶҵڡ
ûôǱĸĸ
帣Саһָ⣬帣ֻðԴ̾˻ȥ
ͷһǿξѩ¶ʣȥСаȼ
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Саվһߣﻹһ帣Ķ孲ޣƲ쿴߳ŭ

 4 

Զݳ龩ĵ죬һµĵϴεƪ빲ͬⵯݳֻһ˽
߽˽ͬı塣
ϵĵڶ죬ڸԼĵһ졣
ӷڴҴҸϻعһ·ǰƿš
糿;ۼĵ۹ҪԱǹȻһûߣ߽ʱһƬž
ҴȺдȥֱߵǰȻתһҵĴ΢ЦҩˣλȻرһΣ
ܸϽɡ⻹ҵһγµĴС
žƬ̣Ǹ˹񣬲ʣ˿ңϱ塣ڸθףˡ
ѣǲβĹ˳ȥ
ǶߣһͷеЦЦһ춼ûкҩˣ⵹Ƕҩĺð취
ƹɫЩ԰ףЦЦǰҲû˸Ӳġ
ϧиӲҡЦֻ̧ӻǰһǿת׼ȥ帣˿ɢɢ߰ɡ
Цŵ˵ͷһֳסӣȴûվЦЦԲԣһ¡
һ£ʶǲԼվûü뵽ʲôѾɿӣס磿磿
ûϵûϵôӦһæͣûϵģԲԣ£̫ã˶ѡ
Ҳãȷֻˡ
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ԲԣرסҵļģЦЦĲ¡
һҷſᰴ˫ȡ
ͷ΢ḩ̈ͷõûУȻ飬Ŷжûˣ
ͷЦСˡ
̲סۣôܲСô࣡߱Թ̧ͷһۣһᱧ㣬صġ
Цĺأ
ȻأѹҸ첲ˡҵͷ漴׹Цңֵһۣұˡ
æЦҡͷûûģôүÿζѹ첲
ھҪǰ컬ܶ࣬Ҷ춷ֻõۣ֪үͺá
ఴ˫ȣſڴ帣ֻҪûʲôµʱ򣬴ֱӺҵģֱʣүôٸλˣ
Ҷס̧֣ͷЦЦȻȥɡ
帣˻Ҫߣվסһ¡˵ͷһȻͷ帣һߵ⡣
ҹɫվڵĴǶĿ帣վүͣλһظ
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ȺԶһ££ףվסŲ
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谵ĵƹ£ڼԳƵǵ۹ȨƵĳӵˣӰվǰ
ף˹ȴ¹򣺡΢ףˣʺ
ŴˣЦɺã
лʺ壬΢пɡףɵͷش𲻱
Ŵ˺ܺҾͷˡЦţŮˣ̫׳ϵ¡ҼǵڷУǧΪ֮ǹ˳ǫԲѧʿ
ףɵͷӦݣʮ꣬볯ʮ꣬΢Ƭ̲һ
Ŵ˼ǵþͺáЦŴƬ̣ء
΢ˡף˳ʱ̬ȻϽԶʮΪ󳼵ˣĿеһ𣬾ûٱ˭ӹ
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ڽŨصҹɫת߻ĵڡ
ѾվߵſڣҾЦЦԲԡ
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ŵ죬ĵÿ춼ͣĴŸɫĹԱ
ҵڶδµĴʱڿԣһѹؿϲʱȣһְסǰӣߵĴ˵
ȥжŵĲβϣһԲ΢Ц˳
ûڹڣĵĵţҾȥ·ֱ
ȵԼʱٴӷ
ʱ̣ף˸ۡԷڣŽ΢΢һЦ
Ǽ˵ˣɫԱܴ֮ϵѾ⿪ӵۣ£΢ףˣʡ
ס죬һְƵǽϿסһһ٣Ŵˣʲô£һһһöϵĹͷͷһԣҸҲҡ
ڵأǱɢڼͷף˵ͷȫǽϡ
ĬƬ̣ȻЦˣϹҳһĨЦȻЩڽζʺ˼вȻϣ
ҳŻڲУָʾµ۵ԶҲƣԶʹͨﵩ¡Գ΢̸Ҳûп𾴣һЦ˳£ԳĿ
ҿЦôѵЩģ
ġϲ䣬ȴЦˣֻ֣ʺͦڻǰϧҹسլвʱûǻּҲҴԶǸݺү
ָɵһ£ûûɽʱԥذиǸĬԵ佫ϡһߪʮϣӲ¼ɣΡûҪݳء
ΪǱף˱ȣǰĳǯƣҹ˼ҪݳȴòȲѵľ
ҿǿЦ̫ãϵĲ԰׾ֻŰȴ˵ִ֣Ǭ
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ºسɣȴǿӲʼգʲôطδ˭вȡ
ҪݳԴģǻϡףһһ֣Цݽ䣬ֻǳЧңΪǡϵ˼Ʋֻ֣˶ѡ
ɿץף֣˺һЦŴˣ侲мǣܺá
ҲվǰһЦлʺ佱
Ŵ˿ҸղŴͷɢҷ̧׼ţдţŴ˼ס˵ЩȻЧ
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ͣ½ŲתͷŴˣʲô
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ͻȻչһЦ˼Ŵˡ˶٣ҼЦѧʿǲڼû£ĥżҳҶ̣ˣһ£켯ϰײһǮ
˵ת˦Էš
ף˸ֹ˼յĹţصĵʱѾǺʱ̡
Էĵŵңһԡˬۼأһͷڷóϵ˴ǰ
ҽͷϵӣȴûжΪʲôҹ飬ЦţҪҪԡһˮ
˵ұ˵߹ȥһƨϥͷϣ°ͣ˶㰡үҶ̲סȥˡ
ÿó治ġ˶үϷһЦЦ֮үá
Ұȥ·ǴүҾͲˡ
Цȴסؿ˼
æؿڣôˣҪҪ
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Զݳ̰īԼ˽һΪ³شǣڣڰ³գԵ
³磬һ·ӷ߻ĵ
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ƹ߹Ժӣֱߵů⣬ƿš
ںһϵĶξѩڿЦţŪһֻ˵үĲ̣ǽ̰ɣѩѧأ
С㣬վſڣЦСظ
ξѩע⵽һͷЩŵӣ۾ȴţʺ
һ΢ЦСظ
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ԲҪһͷαƣԲԣҿǣұ鳯ҰҲûбȾԺղһܳŵݳʺϱԲԣ
ңЦЦͷǡ
гǵɢûת۾ٴǣֻҪǶԵ۹ģôȥ
ǰˡҽ˵Ӧ֪ˣݳƫҰݳȴ֪ôݳǱǸĳϵݺģҿ취֤ݣϴķҿ顣ǣҪ㣬Ҫ㡣ûκη԰
Ϊ飬Ҳ֪ôȰ˵һȨıĵȥŹһõӡ̧ͷ۾ͣ£һ٣磬ʣǲǼ統ûңѡΪʺģһسŮĸһմȨ飬һֵȶҲһŬȥϲŬ谮ŬദãЩһ
ֻǹһ˲纣˫ûһ˿𣺡һᡣ
˺һҲ֪ǲЦԲ硣ҺѾýѺ͵˷ڲټߡ
ɫ·ǻһ£ͻȻҪҵ䣺Բԡ
֣ܿ˺󣺡ǵĹҲᵢһǽ
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帣һ߲һ߿ҳ̾ԲЩΣʺ
ֻȥ㶣źȻɫʺ
ûҴͥԺ·߳ĺµϽǡ

 5 

³ĵĵǣԵӳԱһĴ󰸡
ʮƷ˽ְʮԱնԶݳλûҲ¶ͬݡ
ԴӰ³˹֮ûȥ
ڷס죬СаѾҳ˼Ҫҿ͸ϿһԶ㡣
һˮԺΪһˮ˿Ľִٻ߽һֵӰ
ˡ帣ϵɫãҲ£ֱӿڣ˻ظ
ٻһߵܹҪܲš
ͷǣ̲סüæܹأˡԶ͡
帣·ѾҲܱܻ䣬ھ˵ʺﶷҲöˣ˾һ񻰣үپˣ
ͷôһѵ⣬ؿһƣҲٻĽһߣ͵վЦ˼ǻڶ鷳ܹܻȥӣ´˵͵ʱòĻԼҲóҪЮ
һڣһƬž帣һŴ죬ҵĿУ˾ʹ֮⣬ŭ⡣
׼˵ſͻȻͯСа֣嵽ǰüͷţͷЩ죬Ҵ׼˵
Щ㶣˳ķ򿴹ȥһ𱸵˵Са˵
ȦСа˱죬ںڵĴ۾һƿתܵߣסȰļ̧ͷЦЦԲԣ⼸컹𣿡
ҽӿڣ뾡ƽĿ˵ŷֽӲ䡣
ЦЦ帣Ǻһġһ£·ڵ˵
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ĽյһۣҿҪ೤Դ
ܲ󷽱㡣סҾҪĽտʼĶ죬ǶЦЦЩҪȥʵڱǸҪˡ
׸ǿʲôʱ򡣡ĽҲЦ˵
ҪȥСаһҪߣϳסӣҪؼңҲҪ
Саԡֵο̧ͷһ˿ҡ
ҵͷ߾͸߰ɡ˵ٲһ䣬ǵҪ
СаѾң˵꣬ҪߣЦЦҰСаͻ
Цˣֵ˵ͷ
Саȥ帣ȥԴͷû￴һۡ
ͯĻشԶٻҡҡͷ˰
˵Դ೤ӡĽһߡ
뵽һǹˡٻָǰȻһ£أ
˭ٷϻ˭һһͷըˣӺ
ϱ죬˵һ֡
һæµûΪĵı䡣
һˮԺˮ᷿˯ԴӰ󣬵˯ǰڴ϶ͷʷٻ˵Ļ췭˸źڰеĳ裬һڽʱ¡ڽǸһģһֵסһɣôһУа겻֪аʱ䣬δԷڶһӡ
ַ΢Ĵϣ֪˯š
Саڶһġ
һҺĺҶȹ˫ϵڹ֯͵Ķдÿӵĩ˶׹ʯıʯüĿ֮䣬ĵһСױһ㡣ܽžɷСҿԼ¡
֮е޾ɣﵽӱϣͷ״ǳСãĸһ˯˰
ǵȻСа۽ǵ⣬˵ƣҪǡͱȥ¿أǻޣһֱ˯
ұһ߷ھ仰̲ס죺ˣҪ˵Ҫ
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ףһֱһ߲˵ͻȻ߹վߣɵһЦ׽۲ۣɡ
Цŷھͷðллˡ
һЦġչվߣСְҰֻСʶȣѨۣٻعϸղŷھƣһɨա
ͷЦԣãʲôʱѧİ
ͷŲæţش𣺡Ǹöˣѧˡ
Щ֣ôﶼûп
ﲻʱ򡣵һֱۣ۵͵͵ġһһ˵˵˲߱ˡ
̲סü˼֮⣬б𣿡
ÿ춼˯ûпڣСаͻȻס˻ﺬŲÿÿ춼Ҫֻ˻Ż˯
ʱæһæҪæҹȻزعһǰ֪ͨЩʱ򣬻Ϊӳ빬鷳ԾڷסޡȻֻҪһȥӣܵĵʱѾܻῴڵµӰΪҲ֪ٴβעϢ֪ۿÿЦŲش
ǱСа廰Ҳ̲סҪ˵һ䣺С㶼ˣҪ˯߲ߣ
СаϷ༥ҾͰ˯ܵô
һܲˣߡ
ûûע⣬ڴ˲֪СжෳˣۿСһҪˣͷ۵ü죬ô˵õôСа׼綥죬ùûУȥ
˾͵ͷ˵ԹԴӵȥڵ᷿Саں棬ǰƳһۣǷ𡣡˵˦ͷš
ֻںЦֻڲ᲻صİҵļһͷԴҲȥдΰɣҪȻҪдˡ
ķ֣ЦҡͷûϵģĹѾ̫ˣҪѺܴ󹤷򡣡
ֱ˺һģһĳü۾΢ЦʱӣҲԽԽСЦЦȰعԲԣ
΢΢һ£ͷҲϣףҪǵʲôԣ̫ˣ岻ãҲᵣĵġ
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ú۾ңͷš
ͷЦȥдΰɡ
ԹԴӦˣҲ鱾ȥڡ
ӰʧͣһߵһˮԺ⣬ٻһ̳ݽôˣ
ȭش£ڣһ
Դӵ֮ݳһֱڽگУȴպš
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ĵǣкܶ඼ݳοǸеگУĺҲᱻĥòΡԴӳĿʼ⼸ٻµ̳˼е֤ݳеİȫ
µΪݳģҲֻЩ
˵ͷʾ˵ݽ̲ļҾôˣ
Ƿ̳˵̲䲻ȽЩʵ۵ӥȮûʲôΪѡ
˺ãھҲһĽӥȮҵͷͺãǡ
飬Ҫȥٻӭ˹ҾʹкܶΪݳʵ۰ǲҪɵʲô
˾ͻˣֲǲ֪ڽǵǸ˭Ҹһ仰˵һûʲôʲôҪң
ҾͷԸȥ˰ٻºܸߵӣѵһҳ޵֣һҪŪֵ㡣
۾ߡ
＾쵽鶼ѵǰÿææµµ֪أֺܿ˼죬ת۾͵˰ʮѽڡ
һһȵ磬ټ򵥣ۺһҪеģʵۺͻʺҲһҪ
һˮԺæ˰죬ٻĽնȥ±ˣҲŴҴһع
֮ͿһʺɻˣҶȥˣ
֪ʱȣҲûЦæ·ҡ
վңһ°׳ۣЩ⣬ϵմ硣ҹȥЦЦԲԡ
ӦһҲ߰ɡ
סЯߵľرߣŻŵĳɢܵĻ׾ͺŹͨĵƻһǢֵľ
ͼһϲĽᣬ˶ôнҵֳֺϯϵ˾ٱ˵˼شǣƽͿʼʫգϷȡ֣̺ͬС졣
ֹ˵ķζºһͽζѳҪĲȣҼ˼޺õзƣٶ
תûһҹʹ˵㺮⡣ʲô磬˻ɢˡ
ţߵͻȻЦЦ˵ԲԣҪҪµգ
䲻ûӦʣʲô
ЦЦһɣÿһָ⣬µóô
һü¾Ͳ£һˣ
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ȷЩѵ棬Ҫ³ÿյףһҪϤָ⡣Ѳ£Ϊյ漰Χ㣬ײ³
Ͼüһгӣﻹңǵöҳĺǡҹػ򡪡˿Īǲ߻Ƭϴ졷ӰƫӰLҹơҹңŶ©ӡд񡪡Ī֡ѻئ˫ȡ˾ӡӦ̨Զˡ˵ҵ󣬡û˵ɣµɡ
ЦŵͷȷóϷ
ҲŵͷҾЩ찡һҷڴͷǱջ
ЦɣҺҲⱾ顣
㻹йȥ顣̲סҲЦҵһۣĿվϣǳЦţǺü͵Ļȡ
ÿģⱲǰںɫıˡ̾˿ȥ׼ס֣˵ţôҵЩۺÿɡ
һĽཻ֮ȻǸиȴʧȵд̿ͣݣ
δ䣬һͻİȻϯֱ
һ죬ǵİػǰĳ£ྡྷЪǰĳϣסζǰѱĶ̵
һֻһ˲䣬ϯϵĹʱŷӦ־ļʹæӱʱײε˷ƻͨĺҳһš
ջأҿϵǰѵ
סĵϣι˾綾ɫâУŰ̾µųᣬɰȾ͵ķˡ
ı־
̧ͷĿǰѶϵƿɫҹɫԵЩ԰ףЦЦ
Psԡ人իջʱĩܹǼܿգˣʵǰٶȲĵռǸջұġ
Բ𣬿ˣ8֮ǰ£ҲԵġ
صļw w w.2 7 t x t.c om ṩ
 6 

һƬӻУҹǰ
סȭվд󺰣ǰţˣ
̿Ͳ࣬Ҳսսˣʹ̿Ͷǰһ㶣µĴ̿ȥĸ졣
ȥ׷Ȼ𣬲ȴϳ䣬еĴ̿ͣɱۡ
ǰһ٣漴̾׷ϴ̿͡ȻⵢƬ̣̿ѾԽɽΧǽ˳ȥصشϽǣǽǸ̫Һأ̿Ͷˮ֮ټʧ׷
Բԣߴĺҵӱץסһĸݲܱ¶
֣žһ£ϵ֣һͷЦЩ䣺лˣү
ЦţԼ¼ӵĴݲܱ¶飬Ҳϲ
Ⱥǰڷ׷Խǽ׷ϣҳͷ׸ͷΣǰϣתҲǸȥ
ԲԣȻڶαסңõܴ˼ſ˵㲻ߣ˵
үһѾ˲ֵӪͳʯңϥ̨»㱨ְǰ²δ׷ϴ̿͡
ŽµʯңһֱѹֵŭͻȻͷһͷٴЦ˵˵ʲô˵㿴书ǿһѣ˵ϯ̫ЩûбĻҪ˵
ǰɫӲ԰ףû˵
ҧҧ֣ת첽̨ס
ɿ촩Ҳϯȥ
Ӹղſɵϵķı־Ͼͳһ亹ƿҪȺ˶ǲǣϽǵ¥˻ǰǰӪֽϻˣ״ӪûоҪȻǲǸоӢʮҲҪųȥ
ߴҴϣӭ·ͻȻվһӰסҵȥ·ξѩ
һɴױξѩֱҵ۾һЦ񣺡ʺ
Ժ˶ңҲûע⵽ǵ״
ķ꣬øСѾͷƬ£ЦһξɣξѩС㡣
ֱңξѩЦ绨ʺȻǵҵĽ㡣
ǲǵõģĳܰ˿ˣˡЦλƷĶǣƺûСôϲɰ
ʺ֪ҽ֮ôôξѩЦػʺһעһƷǣ걻ǲɢ䡣ô߻ʺҽ㣬빬֮ǰٻ˫˻۵Ľ㣬֮󣬼޸һʮḷ̌˵󣬾ڻڶӵʱ򣬱ǸֳַɷһжӣѲֻΪǸ˿ϵС˶˵˼仰һӶŮ˵ģǻʵۣҲһ
ЦݲξѩңЩһֱڿһֱ룬ƾʲô˻˿Ҹ˫ɣƾʲôٹ̵ۺУûһ뵽Щ껪뿪ŮǣʺһûʱеЩŮǶôÿҡ
ξѩЦʺҺ뿴һ뿴빲ѻĵۺ֮飬ûд˵еô塣һЦʺ帣˵Һʱӣʵ˸ԼоҲǲǣһЦˣʺҪԲʱϡôӢˣкܶŰġ
ЦС㣬ǳĴˣԲŻϵģЦҵͷͬһӭ۾ЦţϧǣԼǵҺûʲôɳԴ顣
Щ֪еһЩ³Ц˵ǵ꣬ûһԼԸԸ빬ÿˣҪѡԼҪߵ·ȻѾѡô͸ѡ·֮󣬻ʲôôʲô޹ÿһŮӣ궼ԼĽ߽Ͻǣÿһں趷ޣ㾡
ҾԼԲǣЦҿڣǱǸҼǵúҲޣֱ׳ɷģңЩĲԣҾԲΪӮǣ˿ΡԲŮ˽Ȳ̫ϰ߰ԼóãҲ̫ϰ߲ҵ˶ͬ顣
˵꣬ٴЦڶС˵ʱҴûһܸǰԼοЦţ´ʱ򣬱ɰƯˡ
ȻЦݣҶ۾һһ٣ҵˣҰҰͳֲ˵ĽһҵԶ㡣
˵꣬Ҵ壬ֱǰ
ʱ͵̧ͷЦȫޣһһ䣺ûꡣ
ʱ򡣡ЦŲͣ
һ·ǷɱطҴٻԷһ߿š
ٻһɷǵǶķɵ΢΢һЦˣ
𣿡ֻŮһ㱨Ҫɼ£빬д̣
ڶ࣬д̵¶϶治סſ϶ܵ÷ɿ죬ٻΪӣõʱ
øƨÿЦãŮӣ㰵ιŶ
ȻҪιٻͷҲнҩ
ҩƨãΪһζҰιδü˶ʼղϿǱĶϵʱͣͣһûĺ
ٻվ𣺡׸ٵֵز
Ҫǳ½ȫĹϣסһϢ粻ٻҵЩҲ⼸ͱ˿ʳġ
赭дһսĲңֻܴӱ˿е֪
Ǵɱ˵ģǧǻһ̣ѪֻʣһϢīվǧɵ±һнʲôʱЦЦֻ˵֣ǡǳīȫѹסϵļŻסûϵһϢ֧
ٻɫѾˣֺͰ׸ˣ
ҶʱһմѴɱ˶ȥˣǰӪ˴ȥܲô
ٻɫ֮Ѿָֻƽʱøһı飺Ҳգ׸ˣл
ǰڣˣҪҲֲķݣҳûռˣ˵̾ӦҲãȥ۪ҩ֮ǰ˵֮ڣƽȡ
ôƽҲڣٻޱ飬˵ɣ㵽Ϊʲô׸
ôͱˣһ£ҿڣ֪
Ϊʲô˵
ϿƺΪݳ飬ֶ̫ݣĺ뿪ǡʵӦûбԭɣԴһѻͿ־壬ÿһ̣ںſܻҲӰף˵Ҫݳĵһ̣ðĵһͷ𾪣ҲûΪݳƽֻǻ㱵룬ĸĸôǲΪ㣿һֱ㱵صĵڵµҵȴԣҿʡ֮ǿ϶ģô죿
ɽʱжפһ̣Ѿ㹻ڻÿһ춼ޱϲÿһ춼ƶˣҲû
ܳѾȻôõİ꣬ǲһ㶼
죬ûаԽԽңҵҵһڣһкŻŵİѺ͵̻Ȼȥײ˶ξѩûˣһȴðۣξѩ˵òҲǳԴˣŭţؾ˵˿ڣضСߵʱ򣬻˵룬ѺǴ徲ϢҲá
׸һٻڣסĵڶ׸ң˵岢ûȫָҪ˺ܶʳҪע¡
˵ţҲ̾˿ǵ£Ҳ˵ʲôţҲܱסˣһԷˡ
ǿЦЦãòҲգ˸̨£ŪôһӣͷôԼ̨ס
ٻһۣôƤҪ̨׸ʲô
Ƥٺи̨µҲЩֳ
˵ţʹһźӰ˸սͼźԲԣԲ𣿡
ò㣬һٷĺࡣ
һ£ôƲӫܹ͸Ͽסҵ䣺үĵ赹ˣԲ㡭
˵ʲôѾ䡣
Դֻ˵ͣ죬 ӷܵţһ·ĵ˲ϵٵĺһѾסվůſڵķ帣Ķôˣ
帣еԺü꣡㣬үЪϢ
ô赹̫ҽûУô˵ģһʳҲ侲ŷ帣һ⣬ͻȻ׹ûл赹
ֵؿһۣ帣˵ΣүҲ㳳ˣûսСŮأСгʲôӣ
һȻƭң
һžֽŶеɿŷ帣֣ѹ˯ˣ
ô˯ԡϺ۾帣˵ţֵĿңݽ»Ͳүʡʡģ
ѵҵģֻ̾ˣˣǶ˵ˣ֪˻С
·û뵽˵Լ˵Ļһ帣ϵıȻе㲻ڣһ֮˵Ҳ˵Ҫ㣬Ƣôͺˡ
˵ţֶ˶٣θС飬ǰڹūҪʺ˵ˡһöСǶδܵūе飬ʵѲСڶؽʱδ˱˸ӵĵȴ˲þֱӳˣү˿ͣöСʥۣūҹʡʺ˾ͻү빬ߣλºСߣʵҲ̫ˣ
˵䣬帣Ѿ̲ס
ûλʱһֱչӺճȻʱҲթ̰ƣǶĺ͹ػȴɣǰ⼸ദҲһ
֪֪ҲٷвУ֤̾ʣڶů󣿡
帣ͷּһ䣺ȥʱֽ㣬үѵ˯һ
ããҽ˯˰ɣ֤ţҿ첽ȥš
ںܾСĵĺţŵ߽ȥȴߵֻ̫ͣ뿿齻һξĵط
һҲˣٻ˵һƤ񵽲̨ˡ
˯ţϴ°׵ı̺ΪԡĹϵɢ䡣۾ıϢᣬ΢ǳǳӰ
ôϤգ۾Ҳǰ̻ЩʱиĻһ㡣
ͻȻ뵽ܾǰǴΣڽһˮԺǹȻСĴķ䣬ڴ˯ӡ
붼еʱԼֻҪǰһͻһ̿ƲסسȥסȻܹɫվôá
źȻҪԳЦɻ̫ҪֱŤֵ󣬴ɫǰȴֻ۾ɿ
Ų齽ǣСĵ¡
ûб۾뿪־һҹĹס¶ڱ̺֣סЩ׵ı
ᶯһ£ĺлЩ˯⣬ңҲͳԲԣ
Ҳش𣬵ͷ˫ס֣Ȼ̧ͷ۾һԲ硣
ô꣬ʵҴδ۾Ǹ˵ԲΪЩ飬Ҫ˵Ҳף˵Ҵûв˵ÿһ˺ĻںޡһִΪ̹ϣһһ֣һȴԼǷ㹻
Բ𣬡˵˵ĶҴûΪԼҪЮңҸղϴ֣̫ʲô£Ӷˣ˵ͺˣô춼ҿ㣬֪ô˵Բ硣ֻǵǸѣȴǰˮЩʰԲ𡭡
ձ΢ֺĸºɣûϵģԲԣ֪
Ļһ˲ѹĳƷ·һɨգֶı뷨,ұסͷһỹûǾ̲ס߸
Ҳ˵رңֲͣḧҵͷͱ
Ҳûбһ̸㣬Ұʹ̽ʣ磬ξѩĵʲôҪЮˣ
û뵽ͻȻһ֮ЦЦǸǵۣҲ鷳ֻۣмŮˡ
ǵҲڹģҽʣ⼸꾭ŵȥأҲЩĵ񲿹ԱСӣ֪뵯ˣû뵽ǸͷӾȻ³ȥŮ
ЦЦȴû˵ֻḧҵͷ
˵ûб˭вȣºͣʵޱ˱ȣôԵгīʱҲǲȡμξѩȴǱƵģΪ˲񲿵ĹԱȺ֮ȼһûҪˡξѩߣͲ¶ƣ̬Ѿˣȴڸ̸Ц
ı壬ҰѶؿڡ
һŲѵõİݣſڴʯҵүݽˡ
һ΢΢һ£ڣݽԴ
ʯҵӦȥ
ɿֱۣҿŵı̺ʣҪҪ£
ҡҡͷЦЦǱ֧ǸҾͺˡ
һ֧ĦЩžɵͷڲԶϣҰҵһϡ
ͷЦЦסҵ֣ԲԣҲһɡ
е㲻Ҫʲôҵͷס֣һ߳ȥ
һתȣ̧ͷǰʢĴУһʯʡ
׵¹ˮ˾Ʋ˵ʯǰһȴɳɽʿеľƺСˣûУ
ݴзԸôҲЦзҵ֣ʯȥ

 7 

ЦţݳϣǴûмɢ顣
ȥһ͹˿̵ǸԶĴ󽫾һµȴѵĽ͡
ߵǰЦţоƣ˻ӣֻǲ֪ݴʲôӣ
ݳЦСʲôʱȥ乴ʦˣҵɣ
Ȼ뵽ݳʶҲû뵽ͻȻðôһЦЩ㶵ġһ
ݳĿתңЦСǸСˣ
ǣЦŻش𣬡ҶݴǸС ҵ֣תͷң Բԣλҵĺݴ磬һ
ǵĿ̬ʮֵȻǵһμݳһ
Ȼ·صǶñ⽭ӣǸЦ滺ˣһǸ¶嶯СѾͷŹݳȭݴá
ݳЦߵͷòضСҲվˣ¡
ЦţõġһʯԵľ¡
֮󣬿ֻƵĴִɴ󱭣Ҳһ㣬æڣ粻ܺȾƣɣ
ꡱһЦݳңֲҪƣСʲô
뵽ݳӦҲΪеΣСľͽˡ
ݳЦССܹİ
ҵͷЦЦûϵԲԡ
ҵͷǱ߿˿ݳѾʼģ书ʫ飬ޱ߼ֱ˴˶Դ
ôţ֪죬ݳһһĺȾƣԽ۾ԽоֹҲβһҾҲס
һɵеľƣݳ䱭۾ɫЩȻСʱҪˣӸɡ
˵һˣһ˵ݳţ̵ʱǰʮطѺͳһ㶼ɫſʱ̣ҹѾˣʱ򲻵ʱ
˶٣ЦЦҲû˵һֱ֧ڴߡ
ˮһлԶͳ弫ţɫлص
һɲǣݳ΢ס漴ֻûʯӦĽࡣ
ƽķ¹羵ͻһת·ǧｭˮһһֱ֮ϿˣХ硣
һֻڣݳŶʦãá˵Ⱥաֻ֣ϾۡЦúʹˮֻҸ®ݣݽС
תݳִҹд裺Ң֮˴֮֮⣬ӦУһܳ֡ǧӢ鰲ڣ缸ʱͨ˺ʣԵС
һסˮͷݳеģʱʡͱ𼴽ʹĺѣʱι˥΢裬ȻȴûֻƬǳ԰еֻǱӢۺ
ڶߣ૵ͷ޻ļ䣬ʾǿߣԶ
һˣԡ
ݳĿã۾ڣȴ˵ģСҺСʶʮǰЦЦ˵ʱһڲθնʫ飬ȴֻڲǧ˵ıӪЩϱӣǾͳϺȾҺȵʼ˴һסˮͷҲ룬ղ״Ӧ͡˵ҲɣǸ̴ʣȻһתӲǰһӴ˽ζһæѭѰҴˣû뵽ȴϣŵһڳЦŵ꣬һֳ߻ֻҩ䡣
˵ݳЦˣ˵ҲЦʱҵĵһͷȻΪܡҺúһֱ˼ŵûᡣ˾ƣ̸˵ƴӣҾСơСǴڲͣʮÿնҪȾ̸˺꣬ҲʱʱҵθݣСר̸ΪҴСֱӰ꣬ұίɽأǬ幬ϵǸˣ⼸;һ˳֮˭
ҽӿڣΪϤŰְġ
ݳһЦüй֮ܣκ֮¡ҲСлʶ飬˽飬ѾµϷοΪ˽˧λΣƾ˽飬ܱΪҾƾ˽飬
д˵ݳڽύôȨߣ˲ʮûгֹ佫Ϳز͵ľ档
סνںȴ裬һ޳ɻԹԹصҼöˡȻݳȴѿЩһԹٳ״ЭһȴӲԣֻ׿ѫȴơˣŻ̹ʡ
ЦЦݴ磬仰ЩӵıĸԸ
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 8 

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Ըա

 9 

ůչڣ΢档
ǣǣۣĺ۾źڰɫӣſ̺İֳסĴУѼ׳ʮ㡣
ҲӮңһĶ̲ʾĺͬ۾ɱڵĿɻȥ
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Сʵһ㶼ƽЩ⣬ɴ۾
ΪСаһҲǿƴãȻˬ֣ʵСˣʾͲʣʡ˵ʤ֮䣡
ƿ̣һֱûƵؿڣʲô˼㾡ʵˣӮ̫סţ̬ȴš
СаﾭסộһӾžһ죬Ͳһȭˡ
֪СͷһͲᰲұЦ߽ǣҪ廹Ҫܣ
帣Це߽үʺλЪõӲ裬÷Ǻʸġ
δ䣬ܵСëͷѾ˹ȥ
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˵ţ帣ԥԥĴչүŴ˽ʱ
⼸ӺЩҲǰһôҲʼָѹ帣˵ͷش𣺡֪ˡ
̲ס˽ס䣺硣
ͷοЦЦЩ٩ûϵףûô¡
ףˣеõȡҾǿ˳ۣһֺСһ䣬һֱؼгˡ
֪ûһ䣬Цһۣǣҵ֣ȥȲ裿
͵͵ͷҵͷһ߹ǰֿˣ߹һ¡
СϰֿΣȥף˺ͼ󳼣ԼҲкܶûȥ˾ͻ·
˷ĽճŲڣٻһһھ֮󣬼纮˪Ŀ絶ôˣǵ½ʲôֲ
˵ҸɫĻһæһǵãǵãȻǵãˡ
ôٻץסһ֪ಱ̧ͷʱѾˡæٻԲˣҵøϽȥ
̧ͷƳһۣٻŵû͵Ҫؿأð׸ȼˡ
ô˵ҾͲˣ⼸䲻ǣæϻع
ĵʱ춼Ҫ͸ˣ̫ã߽ȥʱŲͺܼ˭֪תӰھͲײһˣϽվסûԷǱߵѾȥ΢ʺʵЩͳףˡ
΢˺ӰҵЦŴ˲ض񡣡˵üղŴ˼ҵİײ˻ԣ
䲻ʳôףҲûгԾӣͷлʺģ⼸հײһǮｵǮ߽΢¹˲٣ԡ
ҵЦţǮ߽ﰡˣԭŴ飬ĺܹİײ˵ļ۸񡣡
΢ңջʺ΢լۡ΢صؽʹײۼۣԱʺ𡣡ǲף˵̬£·ǲ۰ײˣʲôһ
ЦŴôľͺá˵һһתүӲûϳŴ˲۴ߴ
ף̬䣺Ҳǳı֡
Цűסأ۾ҽ֪ԭү
΢ҡǹشף˵ͷ
Ŵ˱˵ңϣҲ쵽ģӣҲЦţ̧ȥ
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ڹȻȺȻˣǷڰϷۣȥһѰѶߣ۾ð𣺡ˣҲ˵ã
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ÿææµµĴӹܵٴӷܻعҴǼȥȻڣ˵䲻˵Ȳȡ
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㶵Ŀңξѩ͵æ񣺡ʺķԸѩסˡ
ͺáЦţŵǾޱ꣬ǸʲôģĶɵģ
û뵽һξѩ㶣ſڻش𣺡ػʺЩǾѩеǾޱⱾ𣬻ͨ󣬻ͨ͸ɫȻǺɫǾޱ𡣡
ϸɢĻ꣬ǰĻ䣬ҵͷĺܴƯأȹֵǾޱƯˡ˵ſЦֲ翴ôˣ⻨ҲͨĻ㣬ҲðѱӴչȥŵˡ
ǰҲЦţ껨Ǿѩӽֲ޽ģҲôһˡ
ЦȥξѩԭС㻹óգ´οҪٴЩƷҺ꿪ۡ
ֻЩСϺͻʺ۾ͺáξѩͷش˵ָȥϻʺ򸣣ѩڹжˣˡ
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ЦŶҵȻưոݣԵͷһҧϣźӡ
Щʹ˿ץסҵ֣Ц⣺Բԡ
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ǣ˶٣ҿ۾˵磬ҴûоǽҸòӦá
ḧҵͷֱۣҵļ򣬾þöû˵
Ϊ˵ʱڣлл㣬Բԡ
лʲôȻЩ˼ЦлᰡлҿںҵгŮ̸Ц
ҲЦװ˼һ㣿
ͻȻҲģ˼ڣķǣ׼µһڡ
Բԡ˿ȻЩƣ֣ڲС
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ղɫͶϵȶȣһû⣬ҧãϣ
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Цˣͷ
촽ҵģݾ
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֪ǲǿˣë˫ͫЩĵͳеЦ⣺Բԡ
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ҲȲǰޡ˵߹٬ָȥ°ͣ˭֪ͼ齱Եôһֱһȥҿɿסҵļ򣬲հϡ
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帣ܻʲôһСѾͷ
㣡༥

˿֪ѹ͵İҺ࿴һۣͷЦһš
ǰʱ⣬ͬһȾõĻº͵ЦںǵУǵæµУոһգƽˮ

 10 

ʮʮ³ģһƬƽһ죬κһҲûʲôͬ
ľʱֱ󹬵ĳմѪͻҳ׶жȥʯ£ý˻гͬΣ
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ȫǺʮǰŮķѲͬĹƣѪսصĵ죬һٹ˺ųƹĴܱͬͬѳְʿѪսһ
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ʮ³ģھ´Ӫĵ죬¾Ѿ󽵵۵֡տָ㽭ɽĳӣ˴ðͬʱʼĴǨӡ
粻ϵǬ幬УһȾµǰһһϺ͵ĳףŽɱǨǨȥλѧʲôγ϶ɣ
һֱĿĻʵʱ۾俪ڣĮ糣˵Ǩģÿȥʮ͢ȡ֣ն⡣

üɫתӳС̫̾ǲ֪ºүж磬ǻһ䣬ҴĶûˣ
˰ɡŵݶЦҰ֣Ǿͱˣ
ԴȻЦⲻүͳˣŵЩûҲֹô
أֲǱаޡٴЦļ򣬡˵лˣȥŷϵųٻһµİɣεҲ͸ˡ
ŶǱаްôʲôЦĻӱǸ˵Ȫһ㣬һ統֪꣬»ϵûһݣ
æĻعͷȥ΢ЦŵǸһϮµˣһ˫ǳɫЦԲԣþò
ǧ塭ҴվЦþò
ǳɫеЦʢǰץסҵֱۣסҵļ򣺡Һ㰡Բԡ
յÿҪ̲ס˸ۣллң˵Ųһû㲻ñôɡ
ſֿңǧ죬Ц÷΢УһҲǺܾð
Ҳ̧ͷЦЦ˵ҲǣһҲ̡
ЩнûǧʱǺ١
ǧȻѳ׸Ψٹһ˵ܻ˷ء
ǣһδʽ¹گ飬ջǧĸְ𣻶ǧƺû̫ڻʵµķصԸ廹öܻ֮Ͻһסʮ£ﵱ
ˣˣЦŸǧ˵סӣ˰ɣԷҪȻЩҪŷˣ
ǶЦţǰ
Ϊ̫ûǧ̫лһš
Ժ֮󣬻ûȷĵһϣǲ֪ʲôʱѾ֪ǧعϢһ˹塱塱иͣ
СаԼϥϣǧЦģСаûε壿
СаǷѾͷҲܸˣĲӿЦεεˣ˵Саϲ壡
ֵҲΧĶһɵ֣ǧһ־ȥС
ιιҿȥæ˵һŮһ۸Ҷӣ
ǧ島յֲɿ̾һҲûа취˭Сôҿ˾۸
Ǹʲô߼̲ס˸ֻۣÿǧǶӵСȻгɾ͸еĺСаСһЦ
һǧټӣȻڡҲһԵֵӡ
Ұȴʱһ˻죬ֲãǾǰҲǹɵ³ǧܴǷȥĸֻҪһһ𣬺󹬾Ѱ
ǧͺһͣӻóֻһĹΣһһָӣǵԴ͸ǵڲϣҪƨɰ
ӹǧָǵĶӶĴϵ
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һһûü˵Ѿڣǧ壬
Ҳȥѵȥһģ̌ͷȥƾͷ书ӣ
ǧ˵ǲ档ǰɽ̶̽ԵУҩȥԼڵĺ֮ܺƣʩãͬʱ䷴ȴӱϡīΪ˾ԽʮϰעľѹסϵļͬʱҲǷĹûҲѾδá
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ҽȥǧͷЦڽɣ鷳
ҹȥߵǰ̧ͷЦЦԲԡ
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ϴϵôҲһ䡰еۡ
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Ҳ룬ǧ˦ȥһ䣺ѵұ㣿˵ʶԣ죬ɫǺһ롣
ѵÿǧôεʱ򣬻Ҿ͡Ц˳ҲͷΪЦ
ȻǿЦҲûȥϢûʲôԭǧƺźʲô飬ţǧվ˵˾䣬ȻȥϢȻĿбӵ̧ȳš
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㶵Ŀһͷ
ҶڸʲôЩСһڻû˵սʱͱ˵ûϢųŮһֻֻ֪Լɷޣ
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΢һüûסЦǽǧ˵ģһ𡭡
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ûţֱЩĹĵıӰȻģһ̲סЦЦڴߣַϡ
ղ̩ѾϽ۪ȫͬҽʦڰָĴسߺ󣬻Ǻϴ赹ʱһĻ۹ȣϤĵ
ٴϣﲻ֪ʲôоҾȻûзŭȥֻ̩ǿŽͳȥȻһֱߡ
ĵĮů⴫ϣҲ̧ͷЦӲǧʵͦġôոոʱͷûá
ЦЦǧСӾ;ЩҲá
һֱܾǧ֮ŤŤģһûʹСʱ£Ц˵㻹ͦ˽ǵһμʲôʱ򣿡
ЦЦǵʮһꣿǧꡣ
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ŶԭˡǶ£ҵͷǧĸȻǾڻʵӣӢںڵ׵ܵܣǲǰڹ൱䵭
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ȡΪ˫֣һԻΪ׵ģôͱʾȻûбΪ̫ӣǻʵ۶ԾδĳеϻλĿܣԾȸ֧Աĸڻʵۣδǻǰֲϣ𣬵ǻ֮ŸΪϡ
Ȼʱֲ˫֣ûһԻΪףôͱʾʵ۶Ӻȫû̳лλĴ㣬Ӿ̳˻ʵ۵ѪҲȸ֧ԱΪкȸ֧ѪԵ֧
ȻһٶҲûԭ֧Ļǻ֧Ļӳ˺󲻾þͱַ⵽Ϊ뾩
ںǳʱ͸ǵ𱰵λĹأҴụ́ܲҲôΪǵĺӳ󣬳Саȡ֣ʣĸӣȡȫһͬʣõȸ֧ĵ֡
ǧĸΪǵλµĹŮͱ֧ճĴӺͶ˵ڹһ򲻱ӡʮʹӹгסھǵУʮ걻ַ⵽أ˺ֱȥ֮λǧ̳УҲûлعǡ
ǧȻѾǵڶʵõܡҲǵӾ̫󹬱ʱǧ屻ܶϳӵΪ۵һҪԭȷǵʱ֧ѪԵȸ֧ӽĻ塣
ǧʮ͸һŮ뿪ǵʱҲӦоˡ
ôСʱкܶദ
ʱǧʲôҾЦЦ̫ӵ°ɣ
ʱ򰡡Цһ£ǧһֱһ֡
ǣû׷ƨһһл֣Цǧһ棬һһϡ䵭Ҳֻǰ˵һҵλ֡Ȼüԣֱн֡ʱ
ЦȻҲûҡͷ΢üЦû׷ƨô
˵лûгƣɫǵЦݣҲһֱºỺȻڵչµɫȴ԰׵÷·͸
硣ֽϣ̧ͷЦȴҲû̧ǣҹȻ˽ģ磬ϢҺܸˡ
ڳڵǣܳβݵĳǣֳʲôսƴɱ֮һһء
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Բ𣬲Բԣº͵ɣ΢Цң㵣ġ
ƽʦһϾӹ֮ǰʮʮ³糯վǬ幬֮ԣ˾ӡ̫帣һһֽеگ

 11 

ãĵů˿ʥּžһڵϣǧЦװóүֶ
ȥˣһƬžֻЦЦ߹ȥǾʥּǧ㷢ƢͷƢʲô
Цţǧ岢ҵĹͻȻһЦãȻı˫ôˡ΢޶ۣЧ΢ˡ
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ǧ壬һֱĬȻ̧ͷǧ壬ǱҪҲô
ӭĿ⣬ǧ΢ۣЦҪǹƲѳƸңͻȻּȥ
ڳУǧ壬ǿǧ۾һ£С
ǳַſǧ廹ЦһתߣҲӵģ
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ЦЦָ̧ҵգԲ𣬲ԲԡЩ쵣ġ
ûϵ̾ϰ㶯ҲµһԼȥ̡
Ǹگ飬Ƥӵ¸ģ죬쿴ʱڴϣһ֧ддȴûдչȥдʲô
ʵ⼸쾫㲻ȻƲĵϢÿ˯𣬻Ϻ塭ҪпյĵһۣǧͷԼƭˡ
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ҷ˸ۣ컬㣡
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ϣҲЦããҲǴү
ҲңñӺһ§ֱ۽˽ͷؿڣҲҡ
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ʮ³磬һˮԺõϡ
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˿ЦЦֵáٻֵþΪʱ򶼿ҪԼ˭Ҳǲڡ
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⣬֪ʲôʱѾ
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СѾͷܵÿ죬ҾȻ׷ϡ
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= =һˡ

 12 

׼ƥʱ䶼Ǽ尾׼װǰٻ߹ҵͷǰ轫Сëͷҡ
ЦЦĵҲɲ٣˱лл㣬ٻ
ɫٻȴûƿңȥ׸Ҫð׸ʲôأ㡣
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֪ҲøЦŸס֣ˣࡣ
ЦүİΣøǰӪ˵ࣿ
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ͬ뾩ʦңԶһ·ƴϡĿﺮҹԹι᫵ɽ·ϱ
һ仰ٿڽеľеΪһĿ꣺㣬ٿ㣬һ̼Ҳá
Ũصҹɫڲϵıмأڰʱ̿ʼһ㷢ף⴩͸ƣձ峺峿ķУпήľ㡣
ڣͨ͸ĳУ·ζЩ΢ֺŷһ𴫵УһǺȻӭչҰ
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ǴӪʣ֮أӪء
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ľȻذĿתϣѾϳˣ˫۾ҵĶɭǣûʲôأ￴ûҶûУʲô
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Щǲøģšĵ㡭

 13 

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ڸðˣҡ´Ŷ^0^

 14 

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о˸ʱĪЦôˤȥԲԣƣܺãǧС
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ЩһԽԽǿһֻƿյҲХǣ
ǹӵŷɳƫУֱĳըɼκ׹ڵء
һЦ𣺡ǹ
ҲϻǾ䡰ǹ֮ǰڶӵѾҵǹŷĶɭͷȥ
֮ľѾԶѿڳ޵ͬʱɭѰһ׽ǿӵֱӰһá
㲻ͣһƬɽĵ͹ȡ
ŭһתͷʣɭȥ
ɭһЦץ˰ϹŵӭսʱٶȾ
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ɭͷ۵Ĳ书Ⱥǿ׳¼ֱѵĵز
ԶԵкʯңɭһ̧ͷߵüЦСףڼˣô
ϣȣĿ⵭Ȼ
һٶǰϷɷ򣬼ֱΪҷۣСӷģû㡣
ɭԾɱ߻ӵ߳ЦСף֪ģȻ˵Ҳ˶Բԣ
ԡˡô
۾һҵͷԷˣԲԡ
æͷȡһֱŵ̻ûӵȼĻ̴
ܼžɽ̴ϸĽɽĴ¶Ӱɽȿڳ۳еĻǹںڵǹڶ׼յеĶɭ
ͻɭҲ΢Ƭ̣ŴЦСףҪɱңҲðưɣ
Сӿˣڿڣ̧ͷ˵ҪɱСӣƻδعá
Ȼֳȥɭ˫ָٿ࣬ʯҵĳƣֱϻѪۡ
Ѫֱ۵˿ѸӿɭȴȻһӽ˫ͫԾɶϣЦݲСףأҺܸˡ
ϵǱСףʱԭ֪꣬ʱ㽵ʲô
̧ͷһЦɫͫй⻪貣׳ٷܵİ׳ٷ˽񻰵İ׳ٷʱ㽣ֻеĽ
ͫһĨ̺죬ȥصɫʲôǰͻȻ쳹ص糺졣
ʱһѸٵһһչʹϲȫ
ǵ糺Ϯǰʱ̴ٵĺŴδйĻ̼Բԣ


 15 

ԲԣߴͬʱɫĵӰһƬ糺дȻЯŽĽڵء
ڱĽд֮ǰǰ糺ɫĳ߽سĿ䣬ѵͬʱɿֱһ֮šԡöС
ǧһһ̣ǰϵĿѶɭ״ĳɡ
оŭ֮Ĳ԰ףͫһ⣺ɭڷ
һЩδղŶɭ͵ذеĳ׳ңٶ̫̫ϣȻ˵ȫܲԵǱұⲻˡ
ɭղһУҲ⣬ͷЦŶôӱ׼ôң
Ŀ΢ֻһ£ָ̧ɭĳĽ
Ƭ̣Ҳ磡
ͷ˿ңοƵЦЦûϵԲԡ
Ȼô˵ҲѾɫȻطæҲȥס磬𣡡
Ǳ߶ɭѾ˳һֳֽϹ˿Цݣµؿߡ
ЦﵭļͿϷһ飬ֻסߵ
ղŻеĴ㡭ҪͶɭ֡˵ѾûУڵҲԾˡ
սһʯҺͺɫҲֻû˵ߡ
§ҵļģͷЦЦԲԣҲûзִ硣
ĵĻҾƽ͵԰ҲǻûƷɭҲǾ²أֻǣЩʱʧȥĸо˽ǡϴٻֻڻֻǱǰҾѾǴйһȦȫֻʣһ䡣ҪȥԶɭ
Цɺŵů⣬ȴвɵĳԲԣҾͿˡͷЦҵ֣ͷҪ
ʹǷԣҲñ
ʹԶ뽭ɱ¾Ѿô꣬ʹǵİ׳ٷңԶһ˵
ʱȻܷ
̧ͷҲЦЦɿ֣˿ת˵һߡ
̧ͷף࣬Ľһá
ͬɫĺĨ˰Ӷɭ߹˫ְѽջǵͷһ䣺үСġ
һִӺнӹ޳ָ͹ͼ΢תѾγ˳
ʯõӫһĽҲǿҴµҰҰɼˡ
էĿյУ۵½ӭ緭ɣ̧ͷȥĶɭָḧصĽ䳺ʮǰ㸸ͼԴͬǰ飬ҲһأɭֻСѣ¹ԭ롣
ģճɭЦãܺá糺Ľ𣬳üбôĽң
䣬еĽѾѩӰһϿƷ磬
Ӱֻһ£ӭ糺Ľ棬Ȼһ죬йơ
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ΪЩ޵ƬѾ̫ңԶżҲԴ룬ڵǹǲЩӽ书磬ĽԽԽ޵еĽǲǿԺ
֪Դжס
⵶ӰУһϮӭ磬δƳһּתķ绪ȴѺա
ǰɫâ糺ĽӰ֯һ𣬺⽻硣
ɭ͵ĹһеĳӦֱֶڵϴƵ˽оҡΡ
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òԶǾ仰ȻĲҲ˾Ųʮˣ˵ҵġ
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žԣæ
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Īֱ۾ڣңЩˣɳġ

 16 

㣿žУĪһЦƺãӰȡһаĶȡ
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ʯһйӪİ෽ԶҲѾ˸ϵҲ˲Ϲʱ״ǰͱȭʣүɰã
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ƺˣץסҵ֣Ҷ̾һԲԣҪȷô顣
˵꣬һֻûץвסˣ³½ָḧǰ˰̣ǽž͸ȥˡ
һǱţ̧ͷ촽΢ıϡ
΢Ĳҩ˿ݣҧһڣ˺Լҧĺӡ
ѾȾ˵죬ϲҧĶϰΣЦһۡ
Ұϵ£ļȥԼʱȴøһСӰס˼¶ûֱæҡ
ƺ̿Ц̧ܻͷȥɣ־͸ָס
޳ָ˹ҽ⿪ϵĶдһЦڵϸӰ̫
ܸȻһ˵˭֪ȳôٽȥסûǵˣһŸʴ΢Ϣ͸䵽ϡ
ͷңţ䵽ҵĴϣ΢ıֻͣƬ̣漴ӹͣҵĶߣЩɳƣЦ⣺Բԡ
һӶȫɢȥԴѾ֪ζЦ
Ͼ˼壬˻΢˵㣬Ҳº͡
ڵ ˴϶˺Űһȴ·Ʈƶˡ
ϵ鷢ҷͷ΢۵ı£ૣ磬Ұ㡣
΢Ц§סҵļԾЦڻ

 17 

ɽֻͣһ죬ڶ峿͸ϵ˽ݡǽǵϳǽʱĻݵͨţڷѩӣһۿ߼ʡ
ХУЯҵߵǽߣѩĻ֮ĲãԶɽ·Ƭʧ漴תͷ˵ȥɡ
ߵĲңкʱתʱʱһ£վͷֿһµıüͷ΢΢
ƳĶҽŲûͣ³ǽ
޹ɱŮڱ֮ԿƣĪصݺ󼴿̱£գѹĴѾڽݳ⡣
ѩڶ϶£ݳççԭҰѩ˾ѩȥǰմͨĳ޺ͽӡȡ֮ԶŮӪϿĴ̡
ĪڳפĵվڽݳΡĳǽ£ѩû㣬лǵѩͣƮ䣬ֻ庮̹ǡ
ϵѩһǽߵĲ԰գ磬ô
ļ񣬵ͷЦЦֻҡͷһϵĺ˵ǹȥ
ʱĪĴڷѩа֮ͷԸʯҺͺ׼ǡȵɫ԰Ӫʮ¾װĸȻ⣬ּ
˺һ˴խһͨİгǣ̺Ϣͷıʿûо
ڳڵЩԱؽȫûʶʵѾֻǣ׼оĴӪȥ
ղ׼ƥʱִҪͬһƥҪҵеսͶԶŮӪȥ
ѩܷ⾲ףһ˿һ춯ܱҹѲߵ׽ҿʱ˰ðײм⣬Ҳѩ۳ң˼С춯֮⣬ûмκ
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ȫӪжĸ֣һ·ϱܿӪ룬ʱңңĪоʡ
ƳĪǰվ˼СҾ˿ҿǸܸڿĪߵĳⲻڣҪȻԳ书ͽ̶ȣҪЩ֡
ţһӪǰһָǰСͼ̱һַסСҪµ壬ųۻ棬ббһֵϢδһСҲ̱
䣬ֻ˲顣
ŴļҲַͬܵױɨ飬ƿŵƤ˽ȥ
ڱյͨĪڻƤС̶̼첻ȴѾƣ˺ܶ࣬°ҲЩҵĺŴĶۣҲ˵ͳͳҹȥ
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ڴһĪ֪Ϊʲô
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ЦĪһһ䣺ףӱ£ǧɽ̣
۾ӭĿ⣺ĪΪѡ
ѣǱʶˣĪЦ̸ӱ¡㻹Ϊ˻ʲôѣ
ļһΣ֪˱ɱ鼤ߣĪҪԣ֮вУ
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ȻƣĪĨ˰ָСˣٲҾͼҪΪҲ´ˡ
׹֮ʹָſĪӣµô޳ܵ²ɳģ˵ô˵Ļ˸̵һѪ͸ˣ
Īһ㶣ڴ֮ͬСѪˣ
Ҳû뵽һ˵ЦЦûʲôһʱѡ
ҵͫ͵һ⣬Ī۾ܺãøɭõǺãҪŹ㣬ҾͲǰ¾ϵ
ʱĪҲ˵л齣סִȥоͼӺӰˡ
ӺӾڽݳ⣬Ͻ뽨ݵıؾ֮أ˿ǿĪԶñĴ󲿷֣һڽݳ⣬ô쵽Ƕ٣
ֹ֣оͼ˵ͷ漴ڴӪжˣ
ĪһЦһֻǧ˵߹Ц㿴࣬ʵǿյģʱôശ̣ǹģ
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Ǳȴûʲô⣬ֻǿ˿Īһۣ΢ЦЦֻǧˣ㵹ŵùҡ
ĪüûĻʣСִ˶ˣ
ȼǰиɲʲôóңĪָʿأҪӪȥҲǺ
̧ͷһЦָԴĿ⣬ȥϵоͼ
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֪һʱ֮ǻͣ£˿׼Ĵͭſڳ˽ĬŹƤĺͭðڰ̲΢ζƮ
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ЦЦҽӹĺͭƵС룬һֱ̲ͿĪֱߣڵǰҲ˵һ
ΰ͵̲ںҹⴼ㣬Ⱦҹڱ˵ӣƮѩĻ͸ǰİĪһоͼƿĿ⡣
˿ĪЦЦ˼ɱŮգֻҪѪծӦô㵽ͷϣСףʵ⡣
һҹƣۣԳЩ԰ף̧ͷĪЦҪԮͬʱ㲻Ҳ⣿
ĪһЦǸͬɭѾŮĸ֮ô󣿵ȻҪ仨ˮ
ζɭвڹصغУԴҲ֮ǡϿĪĻҲЦš
˵Ż߹ȥסǾͱüȥˣ˲ûسǡ
ĪꡱһЦѽСףô죿ԲԶԴˡ
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Цŵ˵ͷʾްסҵ֣ԿĪЦôպʱ
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ȷʵѾˣͿĪɳ⻤͵Ӫ⣬ѭԭ·أôһȦڽ֮ɫѾס
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쵽ͷңǹº͵ĻߣԲԡ
ȫůУ۱סͷ῿ǰЦ硣
ŮٶֶԵУεĶѩԭ֮в
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ʱȻѪʲô˵ҪǲֻҪֶˡ
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˵ţ⴫װѩԭŮӰɱ棬ĪѾˡ
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԰ɽغ𣬰
һ˲䣬ҷ·𿴵ȺǶºſޣŨصı޾ɱ˺ѳգֱ졣
֮󣬴ŮʮڽݳΧȥо˼һսʱգݳѩԭȾһƬѪ죬յӺʬɽоȫߣ찢˼նɱڴڣŮһǧˣ۽ʤ
Ѫսɢȥ峿;۷ݳµŮ󺹰γвŵн嵶£ûн룬ҡҷУʵصԶҿĪ֮꣬Ůﲻ̤˵һΥ棬֮ѹ
һ̱̿ϴǧɽĪüͷһЦʧɫ
սŮؽٵܶ࣬Īڽͣ졣
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һһۣͨһҲˣ̧ͷմһûйĳ졣
Цſ˷ܴ󺰣ĪڣԲԣϲ·Ļ
仰˵˵˳̲סЦҲ˵񻨣ҪǸҸ翴϶ᱻ˵ӡ
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ôȥˣ˫ҵ۾עһǻתĿ⣬ЦŴȤôˣҾѳֲס˰
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ǵȻǵȻҹЦĪӢƥˡ
ЦˣĪȻͣͣ˵ԲԣҪѡһˣҪɣҪСס
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⼸껹ŷĸɣЦЦС׸˵
û뵽һ𣬳˾֮⣬лҲЦЦʵϣ߼ˣʱеġ
ܹ齭ȻǺã⼸СҲΪȥ˺֮ǡĪ˵ţ΢΢£ǲԲԣٲ֮ȡᣬˡ
סԴһƬ죬ҵ顣
ȻңĪ֣ḧҵͷԲԣûܹһ˵س̫ã㲻ܵȵСŲȥʱٻͷ
Ǳܵأæץסֻ֣ʣĪǲôˣһʱôˣ
һˣĪҲ֪һξ֮񣬳еĻȴҲɢȥ
ôܺӣִһչĽУ֪ǣһǲܱܲϺⲻȥΪԸڳķɣǵİͿҵЩӲôܹͳͳӣ
ǰĵ赹ȴһ̲֪
ȴֻڷ󰲸ģȥӰĿ͡
Ī˵öԣһڳеٶûʵɶжҰ£Ȼ׷Ѱһ˵ѡ
ֱڣĪѾ̫ãȴŲԡ
һڵʲôѵҪʧȥʹһô
˿̧ͷĪʰЦЦˣлл㣬Ī
м¶ĪסҵҵֱЦЦԲԣϣ뿴ģҸ
Цųգգ۾ŶѵİСҸô
֪˵ЦѾһʰˣᡰꡱһЦĪģصͷô˵Ҳɡ
һԭҰϵ̸֮ûⶺãǾһسǡ
һԵʿʱʱһӷ߳ȥʺֿ˿ĿĪ񣬡Ī󺹡
ӰȥĪ°ͣЩСĹ٣Ŀ⵹мֺݾ
û˼ȥ˵Щƿߵڡ
һһڷһۣɫչ£΢üеɫ
ߵôЩ̧ͷЦЦԲԣ
ҡҡͷҹȥ£סϥϵֻ̧֣ͷЦЦ˵磬һˡ
ƺǲΪʲôͻȻһ㶣漴Цͷַϵҷÿô
˵ͷҳЦְϲľ廪Ը뿪
ͻҲϰߣסҵļû˵
ҽĿĪһĻüЦЦ
ֻʣһƬĻԼԼƽ͡
һ֮Ị̄һһֱ͵˽ݳԶ
ʱ̣ĪߵĸƣһЦСףֻҪɶͻһ֮󣬻սȼսѪƯ֡
ҲЦҲа갲־ӡ
һЦĪ˵ֱ߳Զת߻֣Ӱڻһɫɫ׵ŮУϲ塣
ԶͬĿͿĪԶȥʱ֪һʱ黹̫Ȼ˵˾䣺Ż
ͣȴòɵ
ЦЦȻʱçЩ壬ô
һ£Ȼû뵽˵˽壬ʱԻشЩǱûύѡ
ЦЦ̧ͷţЩһŵǧš
ʱЩ㶵شڵأת
ϳ֮ʱͻȻڣϣܻ£ǬҲۻࡣ
ͷһЦǾ͵гһգƿ壬ѡ
澭ʱߣһʱ£ļЦЦˣཻЩѣӻøŶ
˵겻ʱɫ̧
ҲҶʱ˵ĻʱЩЦ˴ǣ֣ԲԣʱԸȣϷŪ
ҹЦߣѽػİ˰
Ȼ˳ڵĻʱɫֱͨ죬תȥӰҲ˿Ǳ
ǱһĹٽʧ̬ҲһȤζ飬§סЦ
ؽݳǻһβľ룬ҲŸ·ȻԭҰУѩѾһЩµĸǳǳס㡣
ְݵʱ̣֣Ц̧ͷĴǡ
һսϣ֪Ѿ£ĪߺæŻؾڽݹһڶվͳɽأһ·ؾǡ
ʱҲѹƲסϵɽ죬ֻȽȥһ࣬Ҳȫ˳Բסȡ
齱ߣֱסļ򣬾øýϵı
۵׵ľЦЦҪԲԡ
ҡҡͷұͷͷ磬ǻȥ֮йȥô
йȪ壬۪ҪסڸҲᵽǱȥ֮ҲûеסйټӵȷãôҲ޲ɡ
ǾϽǣһԭϽסĻȥȽϷ㡣
̧ͷҿЦЦ磬ȥڷְ񡣡
ɫ𾪣סҵ֣Բԣ
ͺǣ󼸺ҵȫһδĽ粨ÿһҹԻصĵĶڵµҵӰԼ֮⣬ֻעҵĶʱͼ֣ȴ˵ͷ
ڰѻ˵ڣû˿֮ǰĳأЦ׸ǰѷиңϧǸӹţȫҲˣλͱȽϺá˵ųЦô
˫īڵͫңɫЩ԰ףȻסؿԡ
һ°ŵòᣬæסӰḧ󱳣磬ôˣؿô
ź˺۾ȥͫеҡͷƬ̣ſڣԲԣҪȥְΪô
˿Ҹ°ͷϣ磬˵ǣǲǾͻῪʼǸΣûΪãҲŻᱻҪڷ֮һѡ񣿡
۾ţûлش
ЩԽö࣬ԽʲôԼƢû취̾ס΢֣ԼϣȻҲϲڷٻĽ˵˵ЦЦϲҹﱼۣʹľƣʹ¡磬ʹ챳ҪһֱĬĬΪҸϲҪͷָ⣬ҿ磬ֻһ𡣡
ؿңֺ۾̾ϢԲԡ
˵ٿǿǣ֪˵ʲôϿڶסҸɴ౧ʼССаһ㶼ãǲǲ㣡
ԲԡԴεỽ̧ͷίĿ⿴
ڸҶһ˿Ц⣬̾ϢЦЦֻҪ㿪ġˡ
һ̧ͷ׵ıһǣòŷſҲǳ˵㱡죬εЦһۡ
ɽ˼תҲȴӴͬתսϣҲ̻ؾ
һ룬һʱǣһЯִɽػؾǣ;ǶѵõķĺԺӴ֮͸˳⣬°Ⱦãûʲô
һ죬кܶûһʱҪҳһϵǸ羰СϢûпǼɾµĿջͻҪסһû峿֮ͻȻҰһڿͷصջȥȡ
ôһУͲٷ
Ҵҳ糿һЩ֮ͷؽᣬһ٣֧Ȼ˿ͷױ̨ϣǾ͸Ͽȥȡ
ֳųԯ³һͷԳϵЦЦȻܻؿջ
пջĻȲûмߵĿͷſڣƿŵһɲǣҰ
֮ǱѣΣо޴ֱܾ֮󣬲мʹĸλܿ죬Ũ̾ڸУһбɺڰ
˵죬Ĵջ˰֣ǼջƬδ棬ɽ

 18 

ʮ꣬άģҫʦͷҲſϢ
ʱ֣ڽʿľľҲûмˡ
ȻⲢֵϡ١ǡǡ෴ֶʢúܣֻҪҹ䣬ڰ첢ô۵Сüһã˴ӸǰĽͣ̾УεΪɹۡ
֮΢֮ǡڣֵʢ׳ֻʢȻӢ۱׽İҵʷȴΨʢĸӺݣܰɢɣĴ֮⣬Ͼʱһ̸ۡ
ֽһʢ֮ö˥΢ĴʥŵĵʮŸͷǧԻͷʹǰǰվŮս£ʦһȱΧҲֻ˶̶̼¾һٵľ
˹飬׹ȻǵӵӱĪλӢΪҲзһ͸ϵˣڴҲƵϺ
ǰӱ´ɽƼݻؾ;Ƶԭ䡢̫֮ĸʺ䲻ѶٹĪΪʹʧ£һְӱֻʺʧµľ죬̻֮ؾ֮Żƾ㶼Ȫйһɽˮϼѵ㶼ԣһймǴйдϢ˵Ϊ˽̹ܣ׼ּѡ֪ĺŮ١飬ʥΪ·ǽⷦɡ
ʺۿѾҪԱʺʧһֱշת̽ʺ䣬˿̾ǰ飬ΣѲҲֻ˷ǣ紵ȥЩֻǵŮǵĿ󲿷˻ǶԻʵ۱ֲڶŮ˽ĿؽʮģϾΪΪһ֮ǵҪȫһЩ
ЩǻţȻ˵ͦȤζϾЩɢĽԶĿĵ˼߼䣬ҵȵǸҲ߽˾
°üμһɵķ̣תüǣƲĿ⡣
Цеվеڼϵĵ෢һתȱЦڵɳƵͳ˿ӣ¹ʱ
תͷǽɽׯģ΢һ㶣ǵĿյǿ̺֮ϡ
ϰĿ⣬һЦ
ԼҲǾ쵽Լʧһ˫۾תһתȴû¶ΣЦҲ߹֣ιӡ
һгƵϵĸ̳ǰֵһİ׳ٷ׸ڵʱʮ˾꣬Ѿڼּո¶ͷǣ˵ĵð׸ʶշǽõĳֻ͡Ǻ׸ȥˣҲƵ˾ʦĺͷˡ
ϣҲûن£ϵЦЦʣӣͷİ׳ٷ׸˽ô
ҿھôһ仰ɫȻ΢ЩȴûôԾ
˵˶˷ܵһ£ǿ϶ǣ׳ٷسˡ
ĵڶθִƷʱ̣ͬʱҲһθ׳ٷòһʱһֵ󽭺һɵĵλѪܼΪ׵ȴҲΰ롢˵ʱͷһֵһƽ
ֻϧôһɾ޵ȴٲھǰɽһԶಡ֮֮ȹˣھƴ֮šʱûдٰټֻϢųδۿ׳ٷʬǽ׳ٷʵδĴһֱڶҡײƭð׳ٷľϲҲв٣ֻûλֳĶ
һ¶ǰ׵ִɽ;а̸ǰֳһĶӣѯʼһЦֻһ仰հףϳ·
ʮǰҲϲţ𶯣Ĵ׷ʱһͰ˸͵ſڣ˲ǱˣǲĴӣںͽǰԼ߱ʦйϲ䡣ˮʯʼǸʱȴֻһЦһ仰֮Ͳҳݣհףϳ·
ǰʮɾɽ£ֽˮΧִҪѪУ᳡ͻȻ꣬µסˮկ书ߵķӥɳǿڰÿͷȻҲоݣʧȥǰӥڽһͻͷ飬ԿȥұۣҼհףϳ·
׮һڽ϶ڰ׳ٷһѴ÷зˣͷβ涼û¶ƾ꣬׳ٷѾڽȻ󲨡
Ϊ׳ٷպѣӦòǵһĴ̽Ϣ˳ľͿڣǰҵȷЩ飬򲡴Ҳר̵ðݼֻǷ羰ɣ˲ڣͽİˡ
һЦ׷ʣôȷŰѹȥ˼ˣ
ιǺ⣿΢üĵĻѾЩŭҲˣͬհΪɽʣ˻ؽ꣬ɽѾ𻯳ɻңҵʱɽĸŶУȫϴ£ɡѵ⻹֤ҪٴЩ׽ӰĶİɣ
һϳɣ˼μ仰ͺضŭ׳ٷȷǲǳ֮󻹲Ӣ顣
ѡѡˣֶһЦ̧֣΢֣Ȼһϸ룬
ȻӦ죬ִټԵԾԾûܶ룬δӿˤڵأеѪӿȾѩ½һ˫ȴϣǧĲʣγѪ
ЦһЦȱ˼Ϸĵ֮ǰԾЦţӼȻ׳ٷô͵ȥô
ڷ΢ЩɢҵϣбɵķĿգŵİɫ԰ףϻа߰Ѫ
վڴͷٻǺǳ鴤£ϲˣҲûбҪְŪӰɣ
̯֣Һ޹Ҳģֻһ糤ţëϸ㶼䵽Ҳûʲô˭ҩ֮ǿ˹ӵġ
Ūģٰ˴Ӿ˵úã˵ͷ䶼׼õģû뵽ˣҴҽΣչЩ¾ⲻˡ
ҵĽͣٻֳ鴤£ƺ̲ס˵֮˹ǺķӦɡ
°ͣǶ룬ֻιմ¾͵Ϻҩѡ
˸ۣٻҲٸҼƽȥ˸ʣôʹλүǸðİ׸ˣ
˭֪ǰ׳ٷѣȴûȵĻô˵׳ٷҲվסŸ˰ɡЦЦҴҡλ׳ٷˣǸð죬ٻЩιİͿóˡ
Ͳˡӿڣڼð׳ٷˣٻҺݵö࣬һʹԼš
ĿɨϣٻĬƬֿ̣ڣǲǻûصȥ
еҡһҡҸһ˵Ǹûв֮ǰҲȥ
ֳĬһٻû˵ʲôתȥ㡣
ֻʣҺɻԲѵģȣҰĿĲ԰׵ϡСˣ³çЩ
ڽϲѰɣҼǵõ굽ݷĲǹ¾Ѱ𣬺Ϊ˽ѡ
Ϊˣ֪֪ˣ᲻ҡ
£УЦЦӦûǲɣΣ취ֲܵˣѹԼͷϣȴԲҡԶãֹݣôҡ
ͷԼ֣Ѿҹˣе¹ϣռЩһ̺ۡջеĻ֮Ѿ꣬ʱӺתģҲûм
ûκεϢûκεм˹ӪǧҲǷ˴ڼǰǿҶ˾ʦһ๫ʱСɵڹϣ
ҲǣòͬɲͬԱ𶼲ͬȷҵιӲ֮꣬Ļ˴ϱȹòСģһǧҹҹ߻¥˭뵽ò١ƢӵܾǷӰˣ
ǵǧ忴Һıˣֻǵһ絽ǰһץסҵɫʮֲãһȥ֣
˸ãһ̧ͷʵؿѽôڽеôˣ˲
ǧֱ˪һȥ
Цţ˳ץסߵ꣬ˮۿ˵ķ۴Ͽһڣǧ年˹ָȥʲôҲһ棿
ΣҺȵʵЩ࣬ҲǵˣֻԼǵǧǱˣһǵͳţ֮Ҳûҡ
ֱ˿ת˳䣬š
ȻʱѾ¶·ôͲٻͷ
ʹǶô˼ʹǸǧٱ飬Ҳǲܳڡ
Զйͳŵĵ۹ĺԶĻӰ
ָѹڴϣѹסҪ֣Ҷɫ΢΢Ц
ΪҪŻϹ˭֪ڶһٻȻѾյ˵ĺд֪סģϣںյϣ˷˲ҪΪѡǷˣ׳ٷ
ò˵һͿô£Ҫȷ˶ԷǼðһҪΪǴ򽻵Ǹ˻ǰ׳ٷء
ǷŷڻˣЦٻǴʲôطĳ˰ɣ
תĴ֣ˣٻȻؽסֻҪ飬⾩Уûв鲻Ķ
ô˵λھˣһЩ⣬Ϊðƻĸɵǿľţû뵽ˡ
Ҳãа޿֣ɵѡھʦţеɫ
Ц̧ͷٻ˵˶ˣҲ̫Ǿȥһλ
ٻͷȥ׼ ͻȻ˴һЦҴŸȥΣ
˲֪ٻŸʲô˼һܲЩԵ̳ľŸͽܣÿһðľ֣ŸˣԵֵùŰٸͨڡ
ûٻҾЦЦãҪҺ¡
ٻͷϣƳһû䳰ȷת׼ȥˡ
鴦ĵַ󲢲ԶǳϵһԶԶܿӾͷһƬïܵڵʺдסʯС·
ٻͷʾȺ򣬾һ߽С
Ϊۣڽ֮ûеͷת˸ͨ
ȻԽԽҲûо쵽ѰϢ;ֱСͷһƬ۰ǽڣǽϿһţҿҲûбžߣ΢ߵ顣
˲Ƭ̣ɫľž֨͡ѽһ򿪣̽һ΢ʩ˷´ңŮӲŰŴ򿪣¶һɫ˵λӵ£
ЦŹ֣ŵ֪׳ٷסݼ
ʲô׳ٷҵϣǸŮһԻ󣬡ûհ׵ˡ
ѵٻ鱨ˣŮڹʲ󣿲ôȻˣû޹һ˵
ЦЦ֣ôǷλòŰݼһΣ
üңǸŮƺѵģ˵ƿţǺðɣҼӲãûţ̫ð
ѧʮʮôЦЦǸŮӵлȻĳһ֮󣬸һͬԺȥ
ȥԺҲȿһƬԴ񣬱ҶŨΣĿաԺӵ˻ס¡
ԺӲûҶ룬ʯ̨߾Ѿ֣ǳ˯ͥԺһࡣ


 19 

µͥԺˮľΧ֮£һ͹ӵΣϵһīڵĳͬɫĳϵ˴ǰзһס
߽ȴͷû̧ŵ𣺡С죬˿
ҽǸһʺŮӴӦˣһͬƳɵСʣ֮ԣ˵
µЩԭƵɤҲӵͳһллλСˡ
ԵŰһ˫ڵ˫ͫ΢̧ɨҵӣԾɲλӹգ
˵һμ棬ƽ۽̬Ȼ˳ȴֺԵͻأ·͸ˡ
֮˫Ⱦһ˿ʵļ́ͫ𣬵ҡ
ŵ־ȻԽԽĶܱȵʧ̬ǿڳסǰվ֣ԭҪݻһλ˵ģû뵽ᣬе¡
˵꣬Ҫȴû߳һǸᵭվס
΢ЩЦҲûתͷֲˣðԵ
Ǳ˿ûҵĻٴοڣȴǸ䵭һ䣺
̲סͷЦôͷǺèǻ
οڣǳ׵ı𣬲֪̫ԭ򣬾ȻѾһ˿Ѫɫ
ĵһϾҲ̧վס
˺ֳסαƺҪվȴڸֱһΣӲ⡣
ǱߵĺŮҲһҳȥһѷסֱۣĳһ亹ƽæڣСġ
˲䣬סվͱ΢޳ָϡǿʵѾͷס˴룬ɫҲǳˣûжôɲȴ΢΢ţڰ̺ϸһһ顣
ôߴ͵ĵʣǳǳһ̾ϢɢڿУ޺ۼƮ졣ƲסͬһʺѪԲ԰ɫıӿһϮϣŭŵĺ÷һĿġ
Ҳ˲αװͿ룬űס壬æУ磡
῿Ҽͷ΢΢ţǻһĨк죬ӳ±Ӳ԰׵ֲֻӵҵʲô˵Ҳֻǵ͵ͽ硣
ֻǿϢƬ̣ŵͫſ˫޳ƿҵļָֻһĵȻӣԽˡ
㶵ؿЩʧ롣
УأС죬Ϳ͡
ǸһĺŮӴӦˣ߹ǰ롣
һ㶣ΪʲôгոѪˣ
˫Ѿٿң£
ԵĺŮӲǰλӣͿˡ
Ų֪ôƶģŴǸǰСԺгվ˳ӿĽͷǰųǰ龰۾ϣѪڴǺϣʺöĿüɫȴҪС
ȭͷԾ߬Ŀʼ˴ʹǲǶԵģ
ٻӭɫԣЩɻ󣺡ô
һ̧ͷǣԼڿޣġ
ٻһ㶣׹ǰ׸棿
ҵͷ֪ǿ޻Ц
ɫٻȶԸŵĵ˵ѽȥ˶ŲźһҿûóȻȥ
û˼˵תȥվһԵֱȴֻβȥȺò̧ͷͿٻ£ֹӣ̾˿׸ô
ʲôʣƫƫ䣬ҿЦٻǲ̫һˣ
ô˵ɫͰҡҡͷ˵ֻϣڡ
ôѾˣڿ԰ɫһ𣬾ͿʼڡʲôйøáõϵľѾôԡ
ֻǣڻܻͷô
Сըҩ˲Ʒ˿ջİ¥ڵǴǽǼ˵˰˸ߵשǽΣ˲£ܿըҩĳȴǸĲƬжͷѪ棬һǰֻһƬѪ죬֪߬ղŵСҵǷš
֮侲뿪𳡣С˵İͷϵν˴ֲѣ㿪Ĵһʺǰӵ뿪ƥȻһ˻صǵķͨ˵ٻҵϢ
ԺҾھǵһƧСԺס£һ֮˿ڽָ̻ϾͶһ˵İġ
һеʱͷޱûаԥ
֪˼ģ֪һҪʼԼ֪ټһѿʱһţȴǰͰ࣬ͷ
ΪЩʱ̫ɽһڲ֪ԭҾȻҲ
ӿľʦͷٻЦЦԥǰС
׳ٷسĺ䶯ĻҪ󣬶̶̼ʱ䣬յٷ׳ٷİŵİҲв٣ŪƣӦ
ٻЩ·ùǺתͷֿڳտӵңݺһ۾͵˹ŲҰӺ㶼һٸ
ôٻɫвһ㶼Ųң˸Ҽҡ
ٻʵֶݺݿڣ׵ھоۻᣬһȥ
ҡͷԵܾͻȻһ䣬һź䵶ҵĶ˹ȥڳαϣԲæͷҷɿĿڣУȥȥ
ص˵ͷٻյȥ
εı׵־ۻᣬ˵󲻴˵СҲСǱʡƱȽϴļһף˳Щеѡصھɽׯɽׯׯ˵Ҳ㾩ʦңǰɽׯҲʢһʱֻׯڽûʲôرԽʽ΢֮ơһׯǱΣȻҲɽׯ۷磬Ͼƽӹ㣬ֱɽׯڽеĵλΪΡ
ʧٲδȥٻĲĿϣҾʹƤߣͨķӻС
ɽׯ뾩ʦٻһӳʱѾɽׯĲڣǱӭĲ®ȺαΪܵٻһ˰ѷɽׯȥ
һƬǽߵׯ԰滷ɽǰһˮСϪ羰ģλüѡ
ٻׯ֮ȱƫȲϢȸ𽥵֮󣬲űɽׯֺĴǰ
֮λŶһοʣΨٻƽʱһӣ˭Ƿ߾öࡣ
Ϻ˲֪źĵڼ裬ٻϾ¶һ˿͡
ҲܹٻԾͲϲӦ꣬ԭೡϣȥĽȥϧѾʧ٣ĽԶϣֻ
εļҲȷģΨһܸ˵ϼ仰ַѩʦΪչûе˶̸ȤӹײǼʵľһ׻ĥ˵۾Ͷ䡣
Ѿ룬ҪҪʼˣǱͻȻ߽൱֣صأλͬĻзİ׳ٷ
⻰һڵһ˼ͣ˵Ӧ꣬һ뿴ǱΡ
Ǳ˵ţˣһϮǳɫ£ϵ鵭Ȼ庮Ŀ˵һһɨڶʱѻȸ
һۼǸӰҶʱеĴ󵶣Ϊɢ׳ٷسϢԼҲĳϾ͢ôæһп֣ټϵ׳ٷĳҲ٣óȻ֣ǰԼΣ֮С
ǼҪ߳һźɫװӰҶʱ˿Ǻ࣬ȻڣӪǰҲڣͻǰӪˣ治ࡣ
֮Ŀ׼ȷɨߣ΢֮󣬺ͰĿϣһЦ
Ӫһĸͳ죬ȻܿͿҡ
ҲЦЦҰɿ嵶Ծٻվá
Ǳߴϣһʼļž֮ѾԼЩɧ
֮ǰĴף⻹ǰ׳ٷһγǰ½뽭ĵӿܲʶڳĸźǰȫĿֱֱſһϮϣû˲뿪
ǱҲеɫϾ󣬰׳ٷԼɽׯģⱾֵӡ
ǱǸϤӰɫе㷢࣬˵ĿⶼſڣҺٻɿ콻һ
ǱѾٻ룬ŷ֣ٻӵףһѰΣΪʲôҪû뵽Ȼ׳ٷġ
ԶԶϮ߽ٻȭͷ׸
ٻһڳǵҲûˣ׿ڳǰ׳ٷǾǧȷˡ
΢ЦЦ̧ٻĸ첲ڣСٻض񡣡˵ţͷǱ˵֮ǰΪʧׯܷһƫƧλã
Ǳһ㶣ЩȻʲôôһɻôλһ⡭
ĸˣأңѾûʲôϵˡ
⻰һûȻ׳ٷ֮ڷѾǳһҪһģڰ׳ٷ˶Ϊ׳ٷǷ㲻ڵķôһĪϵġû뵽׳ٷһھȷԼͷϵ
ǱȻΣúܿ췴Ӧ˰Ӱᵽ֮ԣذ׳ٷûаѹٻ֮ϡ
ֱ֮ǰһ̸˵һǱΪ˱ʾԹ͵ľأҲΪʾԼ׳ٷϤߵЦ˵⼸⣬عˣ
еĲ豭ᵭڣʲô⣬⼸꣬ȥгȥˡ
ڶʱһƬžǱεЩѿæ˵Цˡ
Ҳ̧ۣ˵Ҳֵ˵Ц˼г裬˭֪ȴźòãһŭ֮ҡΣֳֻŰˡ
ԭûڲ֪䳡ı£ˣɱǱθһ̺죬ɷǺÿ
ҿһɫõͦ˸ͷûмȥǱξͲôҸˣתкŰֱƲ˶ˣǱβ־ٱ˵հ͹⵽ׯңһ
ٻƫϯţһֱƳǸ򣬿Ϊһ˵岻ʲƣû뵽ֻ΢ͷ;ǰľƱׯ˵һ
ҿһðȴվֹֻܰĿ
ٻע⵽ҧ΢תѹȥͻȥɣ׸ȻҲ̫Ϊġ
ܻȥҲˣţûһۣ˳ɲɣ
ٻƲƲǣת
УȻûôҲ˼ո鲻žƣÿһζûѣҲ˺С
ڵپƾҿʵĽöץˣæվŵĺʹɫ
ú飬ɫæվ˳ƣϾ˵ҼʤѾƶ˹ȥ
΢˿׼ջĿ⣬һֱŵȴȻ̧ˣҵ۾
˫ڵֵȺҼҪһִ·⻹ڽִϣ̧ͷȺ֮۾ͬУȴûһˡ
סһҳԼĿ⣬֮ձȴҲ̧ͷȥڵķ
֮ŰвҪͨ飬ҳļ϶ƧסٻҲûʲô£Ȼȥˡ
ٻƳƳңҪ׸
ŮԶѻ˵ôֱӣһֻû˵Ļļ򣺡һп㡣˵ͽ
ׯͲһ·񱼣磬ʱǵʱ򲻵һҲ죬ƤĲܣ˺ŵ
ķҵزطҸɴֱϳǵ¥¥ſڵʱ˼վŸģҾЦˣιӽú簡ҼҹӲŸϴء
ЦЦԼɫһãƸڽȥô
˿϶ɣҪιĻ˼Ц˸ӣҼҹӿйιӾ֮ʱ򣿡
Һô˼鷳ͨˣл
ѽιӽҲˡ˼ЦЦʾҸŽȥ
¥ʦҲ๫ݣ¥֮ԶȴΪǵ¥ƹӡûţȻ쳾ȴʫ廪ֹˣʦжپһƳ֮ΪŮжΪϧһǧĴٹ塣
ʮ¥ʮ¥ҵԴӽ¥һղԣǵжȨȣǺƹӵĳҹƽۣҲġ
ִ¥Ѿо꣬ƹȴȻ£Ⱦۻࡣ
˵ҽʶҲɺϣǰΪҪĵ¥£ſ˶ʮԺԷҪƳͲſưոݡƵƲòԳ档
쿴һ߽ҲǰãвڷʢͥԺһЦһҵŭͶš
Щ㶵ĿұΪòܾû뵽ĿתȦ֮һЦãλӡ
ǣҾͳƹΨһҹĿˣֿȵķ³ιӡ
˼Ĵ´µͥԺƶӵǸˮС¥ǰŽȥϿ̧ͷ֮һȾЦѾͷôܹʲô
˼ЦЦǰ졮ιӡ֪ôôء
ιӡֻصҧ˵
ֻһĬȻôˬʹӦңȫΪ翴ǸŮˡ¥׼ľ޴ͷº͵Ŀע޴룬üֻ̹ԼǸŮˣ¥ȫ֮˵Щʱ˴㣬ƲĻҾֻаιˡ
û뵽ֻ֮ЦЦ˵һŮһȻĪĿԵģģҼȻû㡣
Ļ͵ľһվ棬Ȼ޵ݡ
£һֱûжʳԣҲΪڣ˲ûлɹΪʲôԶȴûκһСģֻΪƹļƷ֮ͨɫСľۡ
⼸ҲϿƻãʵ̸ģƼʶ̸²һжĿһµĸо
ҡ˿Ϯɫؽۣ΢̾˿ΪǷȾֹƫãƶЩɡ
֮ҾͲپнһƨһԵϣƣˡ
⼸¶߶Ҳ֪мҵˣҼԴʧ֮Ѿ˰ˣô˵׹ɷ򣿡˵ЦЦ˵ɫôãΪʲô¡
ֻ̾пЦˣ̸ƣܲܽһ¡
΢üƺͬҲû˵ʲôֻǶһԵ˼ԸȥѾͷɵĺ㡣˵Ҫɬһ㣬ôġ
ÿСģƶôԸҳԿ˼Ҹмϸ£ЦЦҸ˼ȥ
ûпҸ̸̸İʾǾôֻǽ죬ʵڲܶǸʱӰ˵
̱¥ϣů˿Ů챭¶ǣⱧüĿ־꣬أһһĸоǰѾʼһƬ
ĺôٶգھУͳͳܲ
һֱҹ֮¥еĿ˶ڰ봹ʵżЦֵӰҰ뿿ϱߺȾƱ߳ž˰ں͸衣
ƱϾǲңӺߵǰЦЦȥɣ̫ˡ
ƹӺǰһĿ˹Ŀ˴к
ƺõһһ΢Цһڡ
ǰҺƳϷʱе֮٣Ҿ˳һסֱۣ뻳бסһڣЦôҿߣƽǲô
һһƬۺ֮Ŀ⣬§ڻĿɨż֮⣬ҵļЦЦôˣ˿˲á
ҹЦͿҰƣ¸˿˵ĿǱ߿ȥ׼Ǳߵһ־ЦݣȴڸմǵŵɫӰ֮ɿ콩ס
˵ɫǵģôվҵҴɫУ纣ĺͫһһӳѤõƻһ̶ȴԾֻһƬ庮



 20 

Ŀɿڴҽ˺ܾ֮æſƣߵŸ⣬˵ʼͣס
ԾǵĮؿңһԲ
޴룬亹˲ͳһô˵һĻô
λιӵô˵ţƻ˳ղ½ˣһŵɢǰָҵļϣЦЦ˵Ȼιӵѣβ
ʲôʱãƫƫڹϣҵ亹ͷƤˣֻΨΨŵŵӦǰǸҪȱ裿
Ŀ⵭ؿû˵ûôĬȻӣڲ֪ΪʲôԸºͣϻô̸׳ٷɫ䡣
ֻǱĿעţҾȻ׹ѡ
ñѩûҲá
һ֣һĻûУ뽩ƵǼ˸ֳһºһЦ˵롣
ڣȻ´ʧƬ֮˾Ÿֱã˼ȸ࣬ЦЦ˵˰ɣⱭ軹Ŀڡ
ָɫĲϣȲ裬ֻǴĿˮüҡ
ֽżˣһ֮Ͳٿֻȥơ
ƳЦЦͷסҷϥϵ֣ʣιӲôôɫô
ҺǺһЦֻʣΣû¡
ܺãǱȻڣ̧ͷЦЦлƹӡһ裬Ѿʹס
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˵ţվһЦȥֻ˹ӵĺò裬¸ǡ
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ֻǽλϣ˵ĻڶУӽȥĿȴҲû䵽ϡ
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ԾǵȻĿ⣬ͷңιǺ⡣
Ҳ˵㡭ڳݴδô׾һŻţ磬ǣ˵û㱩壬ҡ
Ŷ֨ᵭһЦôֻû뵽һһᱻ衣
˫ڵͫй߼Ǳѩһɫ䵽ǡ
֪ʲôֻĵһܵСţֻΪüļ䡣
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ܵȺ㶣ɢڶϵҷ̧ͷɨӣʲôȥȾƣ
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ʾԱߵ˼ȥǸҴӣƳЦЦѹʣû׷
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תɱʱ̾ԵѾͷ
Ҷӵˣ㲻ΪʲôܽѾͷοӣڰ죬ۿ䣬ĶһѾͷӣ
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һҹجڶ۾ܳÿ˼Ժһװ˼ԭòƻǸ֣ѱƾˡһСˣñһڡ
˯⻹ûȫк簡
ϵĽûͣ£˼ĬȻһۣιӡֻˡ
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û뵽ޣҾûдõҩ裬һ֪֮ɤѾ˻
˼ҲǵһҵıɫˣҾͶһЦôӵܺɡ
˼鴤ǣǣιӡһϴˮУԼȥ򡣡
Цһûлл˼佱
˼ƶ꣬ȥˮϴڷžӰȧǺϵ˺¡ȻǶűĿ߽ģϾ˵ǺŮ˲ͬ˻ǵ΢¡
꿴еԼüʵĵطдƬɫ˰̣ȥαװȴѾŻָôϰߵӡ
˻ϸղŹ˼ҪŮװȹϣҶߴ棬ͬɫĶдͷԺ󣬲ͨŮӵװˡ
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峿˲࣬һ·УҾôţһֱ˳żе·ߵϣϴǸ׵СԺ⡣
ų紵ֵ쪷ߵŻ
һȴ󣬺ɫľš֨¡򿪣ŵĻϴǸС죬̽ͷ֮ˣȵ´ҡ
ЦЦģ鷳ͨһ¡
ҵСЩ㶣΢ع͵ͷǲϴңҼһ⣬ֱӸˡ
ҵͷЦЦ͹
ǸϴһС߳ǰͻȻʣڲԺУӰ߲Ҷζ
ûˣСʾҸԺȥ͵ʱ˯ڻûԴƬ̡
ͷתߵСԺվãߵȥͨ
Ժڵů⣬ɴĴӻţƺǲŷڵϢСȥܾúҲ洫Լģģʮֲ塣
·Ƿڵʮ˵˼䣬ůŲŴ򿪣СЩ΢ؿţ߳ͷǲźλˣôô鷳
ΪӲã̫ʱѣΣ򿪵ڴһϤɤԲô˾ͽɡ
ǧ壡Ż֮Ҫ˭ҾͰ׻ôˣתͷС죬˵ô
ջ΢ţСգգ۾ҼұλϴεǴεǶû˵Ҫλ
ƿԣֻӲͷƤ߽ȥ
ڻûͨ绻Ƶζϰŵ˳ɢһڣ¶ǰ컴⣬ֻһ۾СΪʲôҪˣĹ⾰ҿ˶ѳֲסˣ˵һС
бķУЩδѰˮ⣬ģֹ̌˹ָͷ΢Բԣ
űߵʲôİһ޶βṴǣȻͬһ仰˵ָо
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ǰŷŸżƵûʲô飬ЦЦԲԣĻô
òԣʲô˼
˿żͷİ»䣬ǧһЦԲԣ׼ֵôǾ׼һ֮ʧ
΢ῪڣԲԣλҲȲˣȲˡ
߬ȭͷ˿ʣǧ壬ʲô˼
ѵôǧ˫׼ңԲԣ֪Ϊʲôôżô֮ǰȻҲϾջٵĿջܱ߶ûҵʬ壬֪ǣֻļ᲻ᱻ°ȥˡ
ֱ죬ҹڹķ䵽ĵȴⷢůš߽ȥ־ڷڵϡҲ֪ʲôʱ򵽵ģҲ֪˶ãĬȻվһԡҲûлͷֻǵ˵ǧ壬һ꣬ˣҲӦõİɣһ̣ͻȻãٲȥһ㣬ҲѾˡ
ʱΣǧ忴ңԲԣ˵ҪᵽйȥסͰȥ겻أѶ͵ȡֻҹܰϰϽ֮䣬ĵﾲšǽأԲԣ㾿Ҫȵʲôʱ򣿡
ĻأЦȴҲ̧ǡ
̾һģ̌ḧϵǿ˰̣סҵļҿͷԲԣ㵽ʲôңҺһֵ
סӣͷǰ˿ҡͷУǧ壬Ҳܸ㡣
׷ңǧֻᱧҵļҷйƵ§ӡ
ãҴȥϵۣͷؿң֮ͬǰδһ㣺Բԣʱ㣬ﵽʲôˣ
ſڿ޷ش
һЦǳ̲죬һ޵ףֻǲףʲôһȥأ
Զԣǧ壬֪ڱµϺѰҵټȴû͸¶һѶϢ
ת۾ٿңֻһ˿޵΢ЦԲԣ߸£ˣֵ£Ҳûˡ
ǧ塭ǿڣþЦЦûа취ش㣬ǣһΪ飬һҪͬΪȥ
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֪Ѿٸ˵վȥš
СеȱŪһﺣģҳʣ𣿺Ž찾˰׹࣬أȥʢһ
ΪʲôͻȻĿڣЦͽˣҪиòŮӻֱӽз˾ˡ
æҵȷǻû緹͵ͷӦˣ˳ʣ⻰Ǵʲôʱ㽻ģǰô
СҡҡͷЦĸǰհԺӺһʱͽˣⶼˣһЦءղ⿴ʱһʱҲûϳû뵽Ƿ˰
ЦЦһ£⼸£ӻô
С̾ĶܺðÿζȥҴңҲϺúЪţǷЩСڰд֡дддţԣͿѪˣŵҶˡС˵ţһ¿ңȻˣͱϴִװײˣǶôĵ㣬˵ͺˡ
ЦЦҵͷãҾ
Сȥ˳˳߹һΣתӰڣһԴʢŵ򻨺ͻеǸСͤȷʲôط
ϴĴæֻԼ죬Ҳûϸ룬쵽ˣҲ׹ԺӣǵҵھҵԺС
ֻǵʱŲǸ֮ڣǿڸٽֵĵط
հСԺ͸ҵʱһϲ˷һʦһŪЩ򻨣²øĽιʳ˻ʺסϽǣԺӻһȸѪùֻѪ¶˼ˣҲûˡٺǹٹ磬СԺҲ͸ҵһ˳ȥ
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βߣҵһھʦǮׯһƥŻصá
սһˮãӭٻһһŮװֳǣſھ˵ǸСүԼ취ߣͷˣ
δ䣬ܳһӣһָסٻɫɷףⶾŮˣ˵˭Сү
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ǱٻָժȻعͷȥ˵Ȼ˵㰡Ȼﻹеڶ㻹үˣ
һֱǱˡӡģٻһڵ¶Ůһ˵ˣɷףؿԡ
ºˣҪڷţǺòˡ
ٻļ磺ôǸСˣҪϧ񰡡̧ͷ⿴˿죬˵ҼǵӦñȰ׸ҪһɣӿǱСҪ˼ҵ㡣
ֵٻɫͻˣһ仰ҲܻڿԣЦԭǸ޲ȥϹֲÿ̱ԣ
ٻתͷɱңɡԡȥЪˡ
æ͵Цߣããλ㣬㡣
ٻܳصһˮãϾͰһˮš
ʮ壬û׼ʱ
𿾻˲𿪣д߸֣ʱ߿⡣

 21 

߿Ǿһĳ
ĳԵǸɽͷ룬ĳҲͽһȣǱһɽ߹հƣݺ̴ɺȻҳһӣׯĿһ㶼ϰ֮߳Ϊ߿ߡ
߿ߵشΣֱȾеĶĳ࣬Ǹ·ϲۼĵط⻹ʱƳţȼɽĸԺѾ˳˶ĶĿͣΪ֡
ҡ߽߿Ǹݳ߿ģׯţнӿ͵ׯӭιӽˣɻֵƾô
߿ߵĸԺУɫӵĵطֻɫӣƾŵĵطֻƾţƾŻ֣νֵƾţǾǶĵƾţһӮϣҲ˿֡
һЦҡȣǵȻϰȵһδָЩˡ
ׯЦιӺˬԺѾϰ壬ιȥˣֻһܿˡ
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Ժׯ԰һ·ׯԺ䣬ֱľܣԶȥ㵽˵ط
Ϊĵ̫ԺÿĿ˲࣬ƾһ棬ھֻˣҪٵһ˲ſɿġ
Խ߽ѬѾˣһԺˣеĵ٣ҽ΢ֵ̼ЩЦݣѣһһ۵Ľۣɫ죬Щ
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ΪҪһû뵽ǰŸյׯִһˣת˺ϵĸţ
ԶԶҪϲԽãҪˡ
϶Ĺ񫻹ǴܹûΣδζԺŵģǵļҲûܹ⡣
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Ŀ⵭ɨϣԾûʲô飬кҲֻǵͷ˵ϰ塣
ôҲͷˣǱܵ¾ҪȻˣ΢ֵȴЦ⣬û뵽Ȼǵң֮֮
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˵˵ȻҪ϶ģǱׯõĲľ߶ϡ
ԺĶľȻͨĳͬׯϵǸƣСɣÿԺīɣɫīڳƹȴкϸ󻪹
ԴӹƶͥԼ߳һɴŮӡŮɫϼѣһ˫ȴǼϻ嶣ŷɸӵİɫ̣ˮаָͰ״ͬɫ
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տʼķŲֽţȶĵСƾţעһǧӡȷƣׯңҶ棬ţţǺǳš
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վׯųƣСŹƵǺǰηơ
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ܸ˵ӣȥٺͺ˵Ʊһǧ
һһׯңһŮӼɫЦŶ̸ңι롣
˼ѣǺͻȻڣɤЩɳƣ΢СƾûʲôȤζ绻˶Ĵƾš
ӸղҾһֱڰˣʮµͣһɫۣڳ˵ĺɫ֮⣬ûĿĵطԿܹĿֻǲ̵ܽеˣôҶٶЩ΢ףȴͷҲû
ôһ˵Щ죬϶ͽȴƾŵĸ㷨ϲСƾŵĿȥ
ȴӦˣ֪ϲʲôأ
ԭôһᣬҾͻȻݺһĴɣƺһХ֡̾ảϣ½֣ѵ
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ȫǷϻ֪ǲһЩɻԲŹʵġ
ЩƣǸŴ̵ɴŮӾЦתշɴ״ĵøͷЦѽĲ趼ˣҪū澸һô
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ϾǶÿɫһ˵ɴµŮӾ͹ߵǰĿΣιӡ
ҹһЦǸϸһѣôûô
һСһ΢һ˫ˮĴˮƺԹ֣ιӡ
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ֻǱʼֻǵƣСȳ֮ҵϷСüҶû̧һ¡Х͸˵ˣҲͷԡ
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һ߹۲еƣ÷Ƶļ϶̧ͷķͷ޳ָīɫƣɫڵӰУ
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תŹȻǸɫӰ۵ĻţҼӿ첽׼׷ȥ
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۾һ˲ͿʼɬˣְĶͽûжѾʼڡ
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۾ʳĬĬʹ⣺ʱѾˣ磬˵Ǹʮ꣬ƭҡ
Ҳڿҵ۾˫ڵͫв磬۵׵ɫԿƱǣȴֻʣһƬȻ˵ͷԣƭ㡣
ʹͲµ׿ѻ˵Ȼһ
֪ĸɽڵĺѾ⣬ûзȥȴοѪ˵Ѫ飬ֻ͵ҩ񣬴ԼҩԤ׵ػ赹ǰԺҲٳٲתиͻԵ޹ʵز
ĻΪʮʱ䣬Ҳ۪жϣΪ֮ڶƽȡǣȴû뵽ʹҽҲʧֵʱ򣬸οҪǸҲͬҽȺ
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ǰһ죬ǳ֮ǰյģ۪ͨݸҵϢ
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۪ұǾ˵Ѿ޼ƿʩǣȥұҲ֤Ĵڡ
ڡ뿪ûдôǡһ޹Ұȥø졣
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ŵֽŶˣұס
ǻһۣûٿңֻǱۣԡ
ٳٶۣҲ֪ҴãʹǵڷǶӣҲֻ룬ԴôüζȴůģûٿңĮ䡣
硭ǰһƬͷס
ĴǱģ˿ݣ룬̿ζڿɢ֪Ѫζ
ƺҪƿңҷһסͣǣѪҵ촽ϣҵˮһ𣬿ɬüҪĵףȴһҲɿֻ֪һ
ô죬̧ͷִֵذģ߶׼۾Һˣô죿
ң۽ޣƺ̾һڣȴңҵ󣺡ϰ塢Цˡ
عͷȥҵȻվ˼ˣٺХǸϴƵׯӵС
ղסʱҾ˿ǳ̫ãټ쳣Ϩ𣬷Ǽڳ鿴ǲˡ
˵ñǸȴûǰƿңҽӡ
˿Ȼĸԣǲôǰ̫ѿġ
ײǣվĸˣХһľȻ֮⣬˵ɫΪÿ
ĿֻɨһȦˮûиȥҾЦ۾ֻһˣٷҴˣôﶼУֻǲҪңһܲˡ
˵ű߻ͷٺХ˵λԲסˣٷӲȻȥڶϵЩƱͶλˡ
㶿Һһ𣬻ûع仰˾˵ιӿˣôʹã˵ôʹãһ΢ֵȴðԵϲ⡣
˲٣ٶȥֻ»ø࣬һӼ˸ˣȻֻиˣûԹ
ХһĳȣͷûиĻ˵
ŷȫǰٰǻӣٷȥôұȥ
ҵվûиһӣأ㱧һԼߡ
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ͷĳüҼҪ᣺ɵӣȻôҰꡣ


 22 

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΢˴ǣڣпб

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ǸУæվͷߡ
ҲХЦЦԱ㡣
վ˹֣ХҲûиתȥ
͵ˮ֮⣬˲໥ݱ
ҿХӰʧУת֮ǰȥӱ§סıϡ
ͻȻľٶû̫⣬ֻҵֱۣЦЦԲԡ
ҡҡͷöͷסļХְ֮еƽ޹ܵ˼һ£һǽġ
ûʲôԻһź鵤ҩҲĴңΪʲôʱ򶼿һʧȥЩǶܰһϣеһ翵ĶϣȻľȴֻܴ
Ǽеĵ㡭૵أ磬Һûһ
һ£΢ЦЦῪڣҲġ
̧ͷŤȥ
תЦҲ㴦־ء
º͵ЦݣۿЩᣬᡰߡһ˵ûǰû󣬵ײҴ־أ
ֻǿңЦŲ
ôһ죬ĺɫĺϣۣæطϢ
Ұϣ˿΢Цź۾
Ǹˣǰ¶ľݣȴܴü͸˳
ƣۣҸüģһҶֶţȴ̧ͷסҷϵ֣΢Բԡ
ʲô˼ҵͷҲȥߣסӡ
ڻоǹֵֹģͷ磬ΪʲôһǾǱ˼ٰġ
öˣ΢̾˿Ϊ㱧Ǳ˰ա
ôУϷôһ
Цң΢˴ǣԭҸ˲һ
˵ЩĪȻʲôЩȻ򣺡磬ѵϴ˵ǧٰġԴˣ
ҷӦٶۣʵǣôҸǧ岻֪ܵľٶҲûʲôãϴһ仰ͻȻͳԴˡǡ֪ʱôС
֮Ҿæչȥֺã磬ҴˣҲϳɱˣֻһûˣ㲻Ҫòã
⼸黰˵Լһ㼦ƤҲһЦԷǣЦһۣ㰡
˴ţǱߺţүλƵĿãҪô
ƣô֪طģҸϿ췭𣺡࣬ҵѣԵȣ
˵ͺ֮ҾͰƶ˾⣬û뵽ԼҵСԺˡ
ҲŴϢһ£ЦŰڰ֣ǰ¥һ棬Ҳƹʶˣ˵ãҲ治
ҲǣͱסٺһЦãҲҪƿҼҵг裡
æʰãһǰûҾЦƣôˣ
Ӧһģһº͵΢Цһ⡣
ѩĽֱֱվߵһϮѪɳϺĵһйھֹ
ƵУȴһֻ޳԰׵סʺѪ˳Žָһεڵϣ࣬Ѫ䦳һƬ
̧ͷϺ޲ԭǻ׼ҵĳƽ
Цǰķ˿ɢƵŵòо͸Щԭ㻹ǵû׼ҡ


 24 £ᣩ

ѩһȻʣеıҰƵʺһһ٣һɢУѾɱֻҪ㶯һ£Ҿпĺ
ǺЦˣ࣬ⷺǳˮɫλĹģɷԶξ
ǰڻָӫĹ֮漴ʹͻ࣬ںԭеĹٽϼӴξ˺ȷǻʵĴ
˵Ļֻ֪ݡ
ɫһݣϳþʺƤУѪ
֪ƹҹãҪȡǰ׳ٷͷ ָѪε£ڣǴʵ۵ͷ
˵ЦˣЦԾһģִ߱治£ҲʶĶ֣Ƕ϶ϲģ׳ٷɾ͡ѵû˵ôжҹ¡շתֻ࣬ΪҪ׳ٷңʳ⣬Ƥ
һ˵̫˲ɫһϺȣ󵨣
׼ңʮǣں簸У׳ɷնʾڣ峭Į̧ͷƹӸú޵ģֻ²ǰ׳ٷ
һЦõţҺ޵ǰ׳ٷΣǵӵΣӵۺͰ׳ٷͬһô˵ţһЦû뵽ڽİ׳ٷȻǴʵ۱£ʥӡĳĵĪڴ˰ɣ
ôЦЦſŽе֣İʪһƬ׳ٷҲãʵҲãƹѵʮѪô
˵òһЦջس΢𴽽ǣʵۺͰ׳ٷûʲôݶ飬ͬԥô
ĿͻȻתҵϣ˵ȥ³죬ˮǳ𣬾Ǵʵ۰õըҩɣ
˵ǳҼɥ˰Ĵȥ³ǴɽػĹ;УʱŵˮС
ңƼȻ˵ţȨƽĽᷢʺѾûʲôôˡǱ֮߰ǲСΪ󻼣ԳȥΪðɣʺڰд̣ķýҲСԺӽ̵Ҳܺܿɥĸ֮ʹǸһ塣Իʺٲʵ۱²Żô֮أŻȲҪѡ󹬡ֻȻʺȷϢͺ»ֻϧǸĻʺƫƫûûұ˽ϴιӣֳȥֻ¾¶ˡ
˵ţջϵĿ⣬Цֻ֣ʵ۱ھȻٰڳһ
վ֮䣬ҿ۾һϲûʲôֻɫһƬ԰ס
˵ģôЩͶǼٵˣЩ΢ЦǼٵģЩỽڵġԲԡǼٵģЩݺĬĬػҲǼٵģڵĲ԰пǼٵģΪҪȡҵͬ顣
ƣ飬㻹֪ʲô̧ͷӭƵ۾ͬϸ˵һô
û뵽ľĻʼѯʣһͣЦ֪Ҳϸ£²˵
֪ĵȻϸ£ҿըҩǾõĴƹʽҪըǵסڿջ޵УǫǫΪ˻ըҩը֮ʱӳ˿ջⳡֻǣ޹İպ·ˡ
𴽽ǣЩǰѾ֪ˣҪ֪ʲô飬ѡ
ϵ磬ƸƬ̲šꡱһЦٻ˵ˣûƭȥ
ô׾ӵĻѻȻᱻ𴩡ҲٿƣתĿ⣬˿ȥܿ˿ڣסӡ
ǼŵϵѪζղúõϸ̸ҾֿѪ
̧ͷ԰׵ɫݣҾЦЦʣ磬ô
ҡҡͷЦһºͣûϵ
ʧɫĴ£һعͷ棺лл㣬ƣ֪ʲô˼䣬ǰûУԺ϶ҲиࡣҲܱ֤ҴδζֱܷαǷǣٻţΣΨһܵǣ˺ҡҲΣҲΪűκˣȥ˺
ƣ˫ɵᣬο۾ҿڣ֮ǰʱ䣬Һܸм㣬ѣҽ֮ҡǴӽ쿪ʼҲϣκεطǰһƲסǹɱ㡣
ӷ·һ£΢ЦȴȻһţأһұͲָԺܼ㡣
ЦһҳУ͸ϡů⣺СģǾʹ˱ա
ΨһΪСĵˣٴҹڽͷδݣȴΨ¥һƧСԺһϮ£ůůһСġ
ԸԸϣƣҸꡣ
ĿԾɽϣؼƾϵıҰأ౩ŭ֮£ҰĽƾеƤ⣬ѪѾȾһƬ
ٴγ΢Цƽеĳڵϣת̧
һ¡ĽŲ絽֮ǰҿڣ̧ͷ΢΢תͷӰһҪ֪ô֪׳ٷǵӵ۵ġ
΢һ£ЦЦ¥С㻽˰硱ڽϵʱһЩ˿ҾʹƲһ¡˶٣תͷңģЩƶϣҴû˵ڶ֪
˿ͷлл㣬ûбˡ
Цͷ߳⣬ӰͥԺĺڰУʧ
ԲԡỽʱҲŷҾȻѾ뿪ķ˺ܾõ㶡
æתͷ磬ûв
ɫʧѪĲ԰ףЦҲҪԲԡ
˸ԼѣǷʲô裿ϻˣҾȻͶȥ㶡
æѹס˿ϷѨλͺһҵĴ¡
ﲻȹдҽСϿȥˮȻ÷йˮ˿ڣֹѪҩϣİײá
˿ڶҲֹܿѪһֱ۾ϣֻǿʼæµʱ˵һ䣺Ҫ
֪Ǻŵ˺ӣúȥտС˯ٹ
ˮϴɾ֣ڴ£סû˵ֻ֡
۾Ҳסҵ֣ԲԣղƹӵЩ㲻Ҫϡ
ס֣˲ֱЦЦ磬֪֪ĻҪɱҵĻ仰ԽԽڡ
ЦЦֶ䣬˵ֻĿһֱҵϡ
ҳЦЦ磬ԭף˶˵˵㰮ΪȨŮҶദΪǶԵ۹ġǺȥ㣬һŮǻʺĻǲͬܺãĳ谮֪ô𣬵˵ǡʱ򣬻̲סʧŮ˶̰ģϣԼΪΨһǸˣϣԼλãʹǴûҲһ
˵ţҿڵͫ΢΢Ц磬ҽҪһΣǴδ᲻ȢһŮӳã¹ģ
ͬǺԥ𣺡ᡣ
ЦЦôȢһŮݵӪΣأ᲻һȥ
ᣬȴȶɣᡣ
ôȢһŮӣҲһƴͳϽǣΪźô˺һˣҿһƬôʲô㲻ȥģ
ݵĳĬῪڣº͵Уû˿ɻͳɣҲٴѩɽһˣһ
û˵ʲôؿңͬȻһЦԲԡǵģǸΨһˡ
ͻգҵͷЦֺҵĨϵˮǵģ׿ڳһôôѡ
ң˫ڵͫ͵Ц⣬ֻǲ
ڶɫʱСаҲӵСԺӿҶ̺ȦСаСѾͷרҵһûҹɫûһΪңû뵽˱죬ܹסҿ޵ǵҲۿᣬ§ο˺þá
Ӻãȥһ鷿ţǿ˻飬һжٺãҲȥһʱ
鷿оȻƮܵꡣ
ںʯϣǴ̵ĻԣҲ˺ĵǰһĴǵİɫϸҶ̽ͷǵ׺Сǡ
µţң̧ͷЦЦԲԡ
߹ȥסӣģǼɫĵϻմЩ΢ˮ
ҵͷıЩֵĿǴôʲô۵ģ
ЦЦֻһģû뵽ˡ
һǲʡġ
ֻЦīڵͫҡ
ȻûֳһʹϾҹ˿ʧѪ̫࣬ɫһֱ԰ţüľɫҲ
֪ůйȽϺã˿ٿѣֻü
ѵ²ڷûûҹЩۣܵ¿꣬ҵȻȰȥȥһ촿׵ĺøϣԼҲΡ
סͷһĴǣЩƤЦһһɡ
Цţסҵļ򣬵ͷá
һСԺг֮⣬׵ð꣬ҵذͷŲ붯
̫ʵĽǣģȴ˯ˣ۾ʱεķѾһë׵СԴ
۾ǸСԴ˾ͿЦһ˫Ĵ۾ֱ䣬űң棬Է˻˯
ʱ䣬СѾͷѾֿʼҵĲˣҳ˭棿Ҵƨɣ
СѾͷһҲҵвΪмĻ˸ʱ֪Żˣ
Сſڷ͵Ц߰һСӰű͵
СаƺҲ˯ˣһЦЦῪڣܺﶥ졣
Саͷ֪ˣ
һһȥţϯһҲ֡
յһʼֹСаҪϣҹȥԼϡ
Ų֪Сĸ˵һ䣬С̾ߴߴ㱨һݵУʲôʵУ໥ҷ״Уʲô˲±СȻʮа˼Ǹ˵ģֻͲסƴڻķݡ
֪ǳԵö໹˵öࡣ
˷ò״򷢼Сȥ鷿ΣΪɿͻȻ߽Цүˡ
ǧֵģû뵽˻û壬ǵӰֻſڻһ£͵ǰ
Ӱף˫ִס֣ǧ˫ǳͫˮ֡ỽһ޳ֵָɴϣһԴЩɤȻϸ΢ˡΪʲôߡ
ЦЦǧ塭Ҳãûйϵġ
ǧૣƺ̺ģ֡
ҿȫӲǣǧ壬źԴǲײˣ
̧ͷ˿ңǧſ֣Լİ£ȻһЦԲԣ˵ʲôֻǺͻ׽һ¶ѡ˵ֻͷЦ˵Ķ԰ɣֻ֣صؼ
ҲһЦ˵ͷǧ˵ò˵ųЦЦԲԣЩҩۺͱ˿Щѿˡ
һæȻһԵκһƬ˵һǧղеغ֡ʱѿġ
֮к֮ʵ֪ǧԲͻȻȥʾá
һߣǧ壬㿪ЦҲʱòãʱ㻹侮ʯ
ǧգգһ˫ǳףʱ򲻾侮ʯô˵ֻ״ܵطͷѹ
ҿæȥӿ⼸Զ㣡
ΪϧؿѪıǧΪ̾õֻᡭ
ֻ޽ӵطۡ
˵ţ춯鷿̽ͷǧ壬׷׸˵شһ˹壡
ǧ۸ģ̾ȥ۸Сȥˣʮֶӵ̧־סСĶ䣬ֶĸһš
һǱҡʮεزվֺķһعͷЦĺͫ
ЦգҵĴҲһЦ䣬еַ·ѾԶȥ

β

û뵽ХݷãԵٳСԺеʱֻذ뵽ͥС
ϵһЦЦ֣
ХҲЦЦ£ǰĻ£ǰûб飬ֻλϴµ
˵ţһ£еĻ̯ϣչ
ŻеԳȫò̲סͺһ΢΢Ƶֽϣһ۾Ȼ˯ӡ
Ӳʯ֮ϣһͷƶ£ѩףȻǼΪ忡ݣüĿϣа˷ơ
Ҽڵƾ仭ģǸٸŵǸӡѻ̱ϣХóһᣬͬչ
ȴˣǲһһŮŮź£Ӣ쪣һ˫۾飬Լߵӣһ£׳𣬴ǴЦʵüĿ侻º͡һվһͻĽʯ֮ϣˣЯЦ
ŮӵԼǧȷһٶҼҪΪе˾ҺˡֻǵХǸӦûм۾ģǾ뵱Ȼѻ˵۾˳ǳɫ֮⣬ǸӸФƾͲ˵ˣǸŮҲ񣬳ɫΪ֮⣬һˡ
Ӧ˵һ
뵽һյĽ֣ûɴһæסӣͷϣ硭
סҵļģХ΢ЦЦǵīô
ХͷĸĻһŮӦڵһҴģ̫үүƾŶԵʱӡ󣬻
˵ͷҲû˵ʲôֻЦȻðɷ£
ХһЦȻڣܲ飿˵һ٣οҲҲǻᵽаɣ
Х˵ֱ̫˵ҲЦл
ХЦЦֿڣһĹѾʧ˰ɣ
ͻȻ˵һ㶣漴Ҫ֮䣬ЦЦǵġ
Х˵ͷð⼸μ棬˰ϢһϣҲ´ˣû뵽Ȼ
˵ţЦЦ׷Ǵû˵ɣʧ˲ֹ֮ǰÿʱľͻշתʹֹܶ;ۡ
һæתͷദû˵ЩֻżɫӲ԰ףȴû⵽ΪʲôںȻҲ˵ʱۣʵڿȥ磬֮û̫⡣
㶿˿硭
ЦЦ֣סҵ֣οţԲԣѾûϵˡ
ǿЦЦ˵ûϵȴеĲʹԼһе˰꣬ȴһ֪
ҹ߿ʱͻȻҪߣǾʹ˰ɣХ˶ߣŻҰɣ
סҪᣬҲХڿţסսֱۡ
Хֺ˵˼л֮󣬾ǣѻϡ
ͱᣬ΢΢֪ܿȡʲôˣҪһԭҴɻЩʲôô
̧ͷЦЦҡҡͷҲֻǲ²⡭Ƭ̣˵⻭ϵˣֻˡ
˵ǸˣȷŮǽ֧ӵܣһףܸƵ˷ֵӣȱĿʮִ
΢üƺ˵ʲôԼҲ̫˼飬ҡͷЦЦҲգǹȥһٶˣ߰Ϣɡ
˵ͷǰܹھѰҲû취ˡ˵ȥǷŮĻǰЦأЩҲˣһ͸Ұɣϲ˵ӡ
ЦЦҪҲֻǲ⴫ѣȻϲǾºˡ
һűסᣬ˿ʣǷ˯ͼ˯ҲҶҪˣ˵ԵõشеĻ´ѽֱ֮ûôˣվһĿ
ô̲סЦôϲ
ǵȻ˵ͻȻ磬ǰ껭ǺͺһǲǻûеĻ񣿡
Ҳͷǡ
һתȥס֣ЦУ磬һû㻭أҪȻױһ
û뵽Ҵ⣬ΪεؿңԲԡ
ǾһͼҼװҡͷԣ߸ţߺǺЦŤסӡ
һ󣬸ղŵȴУͷǰȴȶһ磬Ҳһ죬ҲֱӾͽȥû˼Ҫ󴬣һľ̿ͲȻյó죬ʱҲűϡһ·һ·ƯƯҹǶճɻңϣɢһѣ׳ʡ
˵ͷ磬˵òã
Цˣ̿ҡͷԲԡвô
һҲûŻ㣬ˣҾôɡ
Цͷ֪֪ҾԲҡ
ϵСԺϾǲܾ˿ЩǾʹźӻйСǸղĳҲһ˻ȥ
ҲڣйסĻǵմѩɽʱסԺ䣬ֻǵһСѾϥЦüһˡ
ʮ³ʧȥټʱ۪۪ҽֳ֣Ȼ߽һҩ趪ϣֻһˣԺôԼ컯
߹ȥһҩҿ۪۪Ǳ
۪鳤룺бֶҩʲôõö࣡
ֽ֪ЦЦ۪뿪磬ȥұİɣ
۪ͷ˭Сƭңǿ˾ŪңʲôʮƽȣǹƨѪ˥ߡ;ƿݵ֢״ϽƳһѪСӽͻûˣ
˵ЦпңСζ£һʧ٣ֵСӲȥˣǵķܹãȫ˰
ҵһۣʲôǵķӣԼƭַɣ
۪鳤룬˿û֮ģ۪ҲǼǣʱ䣬ûü˵ô
ûʱ˵ǹҪᣬһɣҲһˣ
Ǳӣ۪ͷû̧۪ģҼȻþʮҾаԼճ
̴۪ӵۣСӳӲ˲ǣ˵ִ󻰣˵ŶҺһԵǧ壬ССӣԺСӣҪѪСԽڻԽã
էһ۪ǧ£˫ĿŹ⣬ϲ쳣ģ
۪ݺݵһۣٵģ
ǧ˼򣺡Ȥ
۪ǳ죬ҹգϢȥˣСӵǹүģõķӣǲѶΪ֮ԺǧˣҪúտСӡ
ͷӦҪߣæǰһס䣬ԥһ£۪羭ʹʲô취ô
˵仰ֹסʹһ£ôĿʹһ㶼ֵܷôҪ취ôһ㣬Ҳ͹ˡ
Īؿһۣ۪Щɻ󣺡ʲôʹ
Ȼ̫ãȻ۪Ҳû죬ǿЦЦͣǹ֮󣬾Щʹ
Īصң۪ߡһΪ۪˭С꣬ҪСëβãµһҽø
ĳʹţҸ˵һ㶣æʣʲôʱκõģ
۪鳤룺Сӻɣʱûʲô󰭡
ۣ͵һԵ㣡ƭң
ӣŶҲ˵ôѾûϵˡ
Ҹ᣺ƽ˵ô࡮ûϵô֪ûϵˣ
ôͣ±ʣ̧ͷһЦôöһ㡣
˰СؼǺްǰҲһֻҪһָֻ֣ҡ
ЩԣǷʣַģЦô
δ䣬Ѹײڶ֮ץס֣ڿһҧ
䲻ҧһڣЦԲԣ
ͷΪ۶΢üģеĵЦ⣬ҶݺݵأһθҼסˣҪÿҧһڣҧһٴΣ
СԺпЦ˵˾ҪФû뵽й滭
Ժ֧ںñīֽ⣬ϸϸġ
΢ĺͷ紵֦ͷĻۻƵĻƮڰͷڲԶϷ
ߣһʱʹϵ̣ԼɽˮһЦݵŮµˡ
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