
ҲңԽʱգ綷 

    Ҳ 



1 

Բ𡭡 

仰Ѿ˲ʮˣӹпʼԲøУףõĻشȴͬġ 

ûʼأ 

ǸϲһԲܰĶСһ㡹ֻǸһ㣺ҪܼԵķͣҾ͵Ůѡ 

룬⸶ҲԸİʹϵʹǺҲ֣᣿ 

ùһʱΪ׷ͬŮѧŮһᣬȫഫΪЦģ첻ԡ 

ҹһ첻Բȣ˵ӦöҲһЩһվաֱ컹Ҫһأ˵ְ 

ֵؽӽλĲԸ 

˵ʣҲǲ֪ģΪ֮⣬ûڲ֪оͽˡ 

ĸˣϰֺ֪İ赸ңΪ٣Ȼͺ᣻磬ǹʼģضͲҪҽ˰ɣĺõκ˿˾ۺ죬Ů˿޲ˮġ 

ҡʲᶼĳСһֻʱĺܻʱǲǱ˰ 

ϾǴӹСͿʼֱڵ壬͸ǳһĶĲȴ䣬ҲԹˣÿʲͬ 

ױܾ΢΢ۿֻӣһУţϰĻҲ˵ģ˭ܾỹЦİֻǣұȽϿĿѣǲǿġ 

С𣡡ŸճУſڣһϤһ¡ 

ɡ̧ͷ˿פһƱѧÿϵǶسԾ벻šϤ顣 

С𣡡ΰ߷ŵǸСϣȻӵ飬һΪܾò˶˵飬һȴֳϲԸԱ̬ 

С𣬽ᶼңЦݣ첽пķʺɫܳƶߣʶľͺߡ 

㡭ˣС˵仰±Աߵ· 

С˭۸㰡۾ģȥѵ˺Ŀ˿˵䲻ǺܴȴܵĺĻ 

ɵһ˵ܷ꣬ĳҾ֪ûкӹˡ 



2 

ҡû¡Ǵʱİ 

ˣ֪Լӱֳܲϣֻչڱ˳Ծ۹ӭȥ 

ǰλ缶ģһپʮ֣ʮ幫ῴ˻ԱĿӣʱм˵ǰΣһйΡȵȣ˵йſɲǶֻ˼йŴ˼Ūˡ 

һɫֹϸķϷͼһɫƵoβ˻Ūú 

һɫ㣬ϰɫЬĿ˼㡣 

ڿԼؾͱ˵ˣҲһʮǡǡãԲ·û£ҲñûСĿ죬Щͨ˶ˣΪſʼӣˮʪ͸ȫſˡ 

Сֿҷˣǽ춼ࡣ 

ЦԾֿʼ˼ˣû취һĿĴҪԱҲѣԼ⸱УǿЩ˵۹;Լ챻Щ߸һ 

 

ȵȣո˵ʲ᣿˵ǡ춼ˣܰɣ 

磡ո˵ʲ᣿˵һΣ 

ĵһΣϣոֻǻþⲻİ 

ûǡǡˣŲ㿴Ǳߡ 

ָķȥⲻã˾һذ˵Ļˣܵ˿ɾͲˣÿϳԾı֮ոй֮޲ͺϰߵһŮ 

쿴߫h 

Ү£˷죬߫h찡缶ģضȻͬʱѧУУſҮ 

硭̿ˮһλܳϳ߽ǰˡ 

ȫͬͣƫᣬĺɫ˳˳ȻŶ£һŮ̾Ĺ˿˲Ծεħġ 

ǣΪʲĴʹһģһأֻǴڶȴͬ۷İ֮ˣǽŮ֮ϸ͵ 

С𡫡 

ۣ˫ӵǶûɶӣֻ˵Ļǻ裬С벻ңڹࡣ 

ҿʲΣһ˹һֻֻ治ϡ棬ʷǰգ 

硭ңҶڿƴĶȴ 

Ϊʲ᣿籧ʲ᲻˵ѾûұСܵҮС˵һ£һֻèһձĦ 

ȵ۹⣬Цһ£hؼ˵ɣûСҪ㱧û𣿡 

硭⣬ǡ㲻ֳǳ˲ҹͬ 

ðɣȻؼ˵ɣСҵĳ 

˵ķſңȥţ͵ҽȥ 

Ҳֻ糵ӵ糵ûȥǰʻ𣿡ʼ磬 

ʲ᣿С˵ʲ᣿ûҵıԹЦʵ 

ûû£ǻؼҰɣǺʺжӣֻ뿪УſڣҿϿʼûкӹˣ͵һȺΧ˰ɣ 



3 

磬뵽ҪأҲʵҾȻʹͬһʱǲһһѩ𣿡 

˽ʲһŷһڰ޵˴һ˹ص㲻ֱͬһ˻Ҫæµʵ벻ʲɿһ 

ˣһͶʱѾ̤ģضһ;ʹףˣŸճզı֡ 

̨ƫƫ̤Ӧ̨˵ƣҹհ貵֮ǣ̾ΪֹĴǼƣʼ޲ڵĴ˵ 

Сܣ㿴ж᲻Լĸǣһˣʹһǰʼ̾ش 

ףҡû˵ 

˳ԾϢȻƽʱǺܰӣҲûĶ־ϰߣ֪Ƕ֪һģΪԴӹϰֺ˫˫춳ҲΪˣҳȴǳϧңʹ겻ڼңҲддţ绰˴˵ĽΣûӵκ֪ͨ 

Ǵδ绰ؼңպòڣниŸ 

磬꼸֪֪ʼմ֢ˡ 

ϰ軹ʱеĹܼңʱ˵ܾڣʮˣܼǵͼǣǲסҪҲ벻 

ðɣʧߣҺʹһǰʼһӰλãһˡ 

˵߰ѳ·ͣһԱߵĵ棬һꡣ 

ԭģضܽӵӰ˵Ӷ˰ 

תͷĿһۣȻǸأ˵꣬Ц˼˳ȥ 

ΪжǺܷ㣬øһ⣬뵽ԭʮһ¶ʮհҲңĶʮա 

ûйգǵСʱÿ궼գʱϰֺ趼ڣҲиУһӸ߸ΧһΪҶصȥ궩ıܵ⣬տָǻڳ棬СʴҲҸжı߿ޱЦ 

ԸϨСʱԸҲͦЦģϣгһܳΪĸǣΪԼ裬ϰ͸ǵҲֻǣҲֻԸܻʵ֡ 

ҵǺҸΪʧȥϰֺʲ᲻ҸΪһ۰ҵĸ磬ȻԼԲλ࣬ȴΪҳ⸱жԶһ۸ҡ 

߸˵Ҫ߳꣬ǽͣͷԶҲЦĶ棬Ī֪ǳΪҸ 

飬ǷͻȻԤء 

ĳϣͻȻʻһٶȼҶٺ·Ŀʽĸоֻһ˲䣬һ룬һҵʹ߿µײ춶ҺþʹĸоãΪʶģڰǰĵһҺã˲ڼʻϡ 



4 

ʹȫͷҪɢһܣͷʹҲȫһ㣬ûһطʹġ 

ҲǱѹ 

˭˭԰ʹĵĺܣ˰ɣȽϿܲˣ 

 

֪ʹ˶ãͻȻͷϴһĸоԴԴ֫ٺڵȼհҽеʣȳˡ 

ǿ۾һſȴֲ԰ݵҶ˫ʱΪ¶־תͷֻֻܿǽͷϵĲ£ŪʪַŵҶͷϡ 

Ȼ֪˭֪չңԺѵؿ˿ڣɳƵ˵лл 

ʲرֵĻѸתͷһܳԾı鿴ңȻ죬Ͼ廹ʹҪǰһ˹ȥ 

֪˼죬ڶӶ˹һӶ﷢Ƥ֣ѵĶһΪԤԲСԡӾȦȻһƬƽ̹ȴЩĸ 

ͷ˿ûǳϰǱ˵İǵǡ 

˭ԸңǷʷֶ׸ĳӾȦȥˣ 

ҡҾȻԿ¸µĶҮ 

ƽӦöȦӾȦסĲŶ԰Դиаɹ۵ӾȦñ򻹴ᣬҾûټµĲλվԣǿ 

⵽£ 

ʹƽƽʱҲӦΪȦӾȦһСɽʹѹҴάͬһƵÿտնģһҲо 

ֱӣŸյͷ뿴ԼȦаհӾȦȥˣȻձ߳ĺɫ˿ǰ 

Ƕ̷԰ɣǶͷ԰ɣ 

ԼΣֻȴĺɫ 

òҳ˯˼ʮ꣬òȫˣ 

ɣ 

Լŷ⻹˫°Ҳʧˡȡ֮ǻ۵Ĺ 

´ȥҾӿ˫ŲŸյأһʹżҵ˻ûã֮뵽˻ûõĻͲ֮ǰǸԭ򣬲˯˼ʮ˻ûõġ 

ߺ߰ĵú̧ͷ˿ܡ 

áֵĵطһ䷿䣬ܼ򵥣һŴһӣŰʡ 

ȫľɵģĳһªĵط 

仹һľƴţԼһСľͷסĴ 

ﵽʲطûеҲûе绰˵ĸ߼졣 

һ̾ݲȥȻֻ÷ˡ 

֪ˣӦû°ɣʱͻӦײˣײˣҲҺö粻ǰҪȻһˣЩˡ 

˵ӡ߿һӣͦģ֪ȥˣ 



5 

Ŀſڣû˽ļ󣬶ʱֻֽӲʹһƵſȥ 

ۣ 

ţȻͻȻŸײĲȵĵڵϡ 

ʹʹǳʹʹҺް 

Բס¸һֵҶߣ˲˫˳ҷشȥòʹЩһ֮ǰĿӣֻĿ־ʢ 

ʲᣬ˼ڣȴʹᣬſ˵ 

û£ҪȻȥļ磬û취ǰοҶοģȴǳŵȥһҪ˰طǳµ˵ԲסĺܶԲסɱңԸΪκ£ֻҪɱңߡ 

ȵȵȵȡʲʲɱΪʲҪɱ˭֪أ 

ϣһеʣϵ·ϵ·ῴǴйŴΣǹŴ£ЩصӣûκλƵɫӣϿҲͨ 

ûʱЩ⣬̧һץסֱۣдһҵĲ˫۽գüͷ壬ʵǲΪʲҡ 

ҪΪʹʹˣû˹Ƿǳֲ֣ǻʵۻɡ 

Ĳһ˲ͣסſͭ˫ۣһǳ˼ı鿴ҡ 

Ǻǡصı飬ΪӺŵĻ󣬿Цָӵ۾ 

šһܲȷ˵Ҳ˺ˡ 

˵԰ҪȻһֱҹ˵ 

㶵һִ㶵ҵСߡ 

λԸʲ𣿡һȻͬԵ˧˧ףҲ춴һ͵ģƫƫʵģֻǡȰЦͺˡ 

šڲȵıʤҲŵĸˣһҲԾ 

ˣԼ𣿡Ц㣬ѾóԾıˡ 

ҡ˼԰˼ԣϵ𣿡ʼˣüҲأ亹ֱ 

ҡҡͷĿӻûҪӪһЩĻӦûÿһ㣬ֻǣԵĲǺܺãݰͰ͵ģҪԲһЩá 

ҵķӦᣬľҪһٵػ֪Ҫأ 

𷢴ˣΪʲҪأ 

šòԼ˭˰ɣ 

ʵĺãҵȻ֪Լ˭һڡִĴѧǣҿķӦһУ˵Ҳ֪ӦáûӦǻصŴˡ 

ȻصŴ˵ǼǼǧҲţΪԼ飬ԼҲţԣý͵ңǬʧˡ 

ȻصŴ˵ǼǼǧҲţΪԼ飬ԼҲţԣý͵ңǬʧˡ 

ҡ˭Ļش 



6 

ʲᶼǵˣоЩį 

ţǵãʲᶼǵãֵλܴ𣿡 

ǰŵֽ𡣡 

ǲͺҵһģһҲδ̫ɺ˰ɣ˵ʲ⺭ڣ 

˵ȻӦǸȨƵˣǡῴطƺֻǸľݶѣаҶӺöܲұ߳ԶأĲ͵ÿҪǰᱳˡ 

ȻʧˣԸҲòһĬһᣬ̾˿ߵոյĳµص㣬Ѷڵϵķ߻߿ʼһһóźá 

ңǸأ 

ΪոյĳվҲûУһƼҷӣϷֱߵĹ¡ 

ллϰԵصлȴһ㶡 

˵仰ģͲᡣһᣬ˵˰ںá 

Ұûò˵ˡϿĿڡ 

һ򶼺ܸ߰еֻΪˣԣ˵ǫĻ˵߰ѷʢãĵݸҡ 

Ӱӹᣬʼ˲ʲɨҶ㣬ʼƴɨϵĶû취Ŀˣ 

ûֳԷ΢΢ſ죬̾˿Ҳŵĳˡ 

û취ĺܶˡЦشܱ߳Ա߻ػѾҺϾڵķûҲ治ס 

 

һֹģֻÿ˵˵ʲ˵ɣеˣ˵ֻ߲ѾФܾõļȼеİɣҲ˵ʲᾪ춯صĻϢ 

һϷ˼䣬νĵ磬ԼϲöۣǸ൱ʿ书ǿٸƮ˶٣˵ᣬҲûɵĸݵԼʲˣֻ֪Ǹص֯Ҳа̣Ϊܺ˻ǻˣֻҪǵͻҪȥִ񣬳Щˡ 

˵ʱѾԱ˳ǰܶĶӣСһ衣 

ɱ˰ɱ˲᷸𣿡ҺĵһЩҪְЩŲǰȥ 

ǣ 

Եİ㿴ݣһЩɣȻҳһȥˣǻصһݸรǬЦǲû취ǿ뵽ûԣֻʣһЩЩˡ 

˫۶ĿңǿһЩİʵȴ˽ˣ̾ҡҡͷǵȥǵûгԷ 

ˣһ仰˵ĳ壬һʱھԼ˵ˡ 

ʧˣҲĸԭһһƵġ 

ƽЩҲҲ԰ɣȻ˽ҵĹȥҲϲҪ˵£ϣһۣԣ԰ɳ԰ɣߴ֡ 

͹ˣʲ˼ʼЮˣһͷ⡣ 

ҶǹŴЩôӦõġ 

۵˼ǡÿţǺÿ˼ɵЦĴȥ 

ÿһ˲ҲǺܶĲȻ飬ȻҪҲʲ 

аҪĽңֵͦģҲҪԳˣǾͻƶԷ־ͺУоǺܱŤɥʧ䣬صˣסƣһ𹫷߱˸ϳˣȻѾʲ˾ͲҪֳֹƺ 

У˵ŵ 

ǿȥȴͻȻЮĲ˸µ˵ 

԰ɣƺֻǶ˵һݣ⣿ 

Ŭǿڲ˳Խȥᣬһ仰Ȼˣҳƺкβأ 

ܣҾǲϲƺԼ˵ĻֻСһˣ 

ȻϲҪƺźã 

ҿЦҡˣոңھȻڳЦҡҲѵſĻЦһ£Ȼֻһ£Ǳҿˣɶ񣡳Цң 

¸¸ 

ЩȻɷϵٶ˫ϥأȥ 

𡭡ֻǿЦ㲻Ҫû뵽ӦἤңҲϴվȴԼһСؿȥײߣһ޷˷еʹ 

ֵסܲײҡ 

˼ڣʹԽ̧ͷ˵ֿ˵ȻҶʧˣȻҲͲ㵱˿ԣԳˣֻ㵱ѿƽƽ 

ѣ֣ɵס 

ǰѰУСУǲҪ֪𣿡 

СС𣿣ֽгڣʯˡ 



7 

ӣûӦʯʱ泤Ҳûʲ᲻ðСҼ˶ҵǸʲˡ 

ֳûӦ֧˱ʾͺˣһܺ棬Сʱ򳣳˯ĴȻᶼĺܲҡ 

˼ԡ𷢴ˡִգҲʹˣһ¾͹ȥˣԣȷſҰɣ 

һ˵仰ǵͷңȻСĵذҴߣҪ¡ 

Ϣȥҩû 

ӦǸĲ˿ڣ 

 

ҲǻֽһΣҾĲش 

𡭡ӡ 

ѵ˵֣¶ЦݣŶֶҲԵܶˣ֪㲻ϰߣǶϰһ˳ڡ 

ȻǺ⣬ϾҲ֪СˣԸĳɡӡǱ֮ǰЩ 

ŵġ 

ȥ˲𣿡 

Ϣһ£ȥҩû 

Ϲ˳ȥǺܲϰĴкʽԭˣȻǸǷʲˣһСľݣаƢһܲãԲŻûģѹ 

Ȼǰң˵ִҰɣͺܿ£ǶҲѰˡһܹµɣ 

𡭡ӣҩˡ 

ЩʱѾһںڵҩˣϷе룬߽ҷҿһԵĴֶ뿴Ѻȵҩˮߡ 

һúֶ𣿿ɲȻðüͷ˿Ųҩζʮ붫 

һúȥУ˲ˡ 

ðɡһȥʹҪҺȵı飬ֻùԹԵıסһȥ 

񡭡ҺòˣǺȥһҩζƵֱ뷴θѸոճȥĶҲ³ 

û˺ҩ͵ģҪȡұ˼£˳˳ 

˼ԡҺ¡ҴСºҩˮҪҩҿһʮŶû⣬ҩˮǸðǽȫһʲҺȣȴʵĹζһҩˮͿʼ¡ 

룬ҩӦûЩǡأҺȥҲϰߵһֱθ 

⡭ҡȥ 

ţ㡭ĺ¡ʲᶼУѹζ 

ѸٳӣûþһСɹ޽򿪸ӴҨһСװɫĴ 

˵ֱſں˽ȥ춺Щˡζڿɢҩζ˹ȥ 

ллҩζȫζʱŰǿǸȥл 

¸顣 

ˣ˵Ҫ㲻ҪԳĿڽѵġ 

ǡ 

㡭磬ͻȻĪһȣȡȶȡȻֻһ˲ȴ֮ǰڷյʱҪ¡£ 

𣿡 

ʲʲ᣿Ǹոȵĸ£¸⵽ǡ 

⣬ĵĶո˽ҩӦǽҩҩԷˡ 

Сȵĸ¿ʼʧصĴԭֻһһ󣬵ȴֹͣ˵ĳȣѹȵĺѹ 

ĵĶԣһξȫģֽҩҩԣ˼ʹ˶ҲֽҩġǣҲԣŻ᲻˵԰ҩĵĽҩ 

šһʲҩʲġĶѹ֮ʱȴֽ⿪ҵ¡ 

㡭ʲᡭ·ֹ֣ȴȫȸոոȵһŻ¸ִоĵطҡòˡҩ˰ɣ 

Ķ޷⣬͡ 

ףȵȡĻҲȫ⿪ˣһ¾ͷҵ壬һȵĵطܰ 

ǲ֪飬ǣ֮ǰҸûо飬ŮѶɹܻһӷϵأ붼飬ǡڡڡ 

񰡣ͯ׳ȥȻǸеģǳĲСȻ岻ҵģǡǡиоߺȶѣնȵĿԼ嵰ˡ 

ԣڲЩʱ򣬶ǡ黹ӦСɣûеĻԿҮΪ岻ҵİ 

ȵȡ˼ԡ㡭㰮𣿡ҡֺѳҮȻ˵ԼԭˣҪ˵ĺܶҮ 

 

һ£̧ͷңҶ˼øӡ 

˶飬Ѿˣ˼ԡġ 

Ҳ˼˵Ϊ˾Ҳ𣿿ǡΪʲı鿴ÿɬǰ˵Ļ˼ԲҪϾŹŴ֮ͬ鰮Ϊǲģο顣 

˼ԣſҡҪԼ㲻ҵĻԲֵزġԼ 

ϵĻȣƿȴ˿Ʋֻ֣Լתս˵ĵطֻҪǰǱ߾˰ɣҩйͺ˰ɣһԼָοԼ֮ǰ壬̽ȥǰ涼ѣԼοԼȫû֪ʶеġ 

ǽⲻ˵ġĵĽҩзǲⶾңԽԽʹѹġ 

סǸڸ߰ϵ֣⿪ҵָҵõһ¡ 

ֻҵķӵĻȣǰ˻һЩӨҺ壬ҲĻҸоǸطҲʼ 

˼ԡ忪ʼܿƵҪĸҲ˵ͷרĵļҵ塣 

ȡǹĵطȵҲ֪ǺãոЩȫ׵⣬Ѿ˲ǲ̫޷˼Щˡ 



8 

 

СӣԴ˵ǻҵ˵ѾһƬհˣʶʱ˼Ѿ֪ȥˡ 

ԭνĸ߳㰡ձʱʹĺѹᶼ쭳ˡȻ˵ҩûʹ󻬣ӲĽҺץ۵ӣĳһطᣬʹĸоͱˣȻһ·˷ܵιȥˣһ˲ķ 

û뵽һкһ졭Ȼ岻ҵģǸоǳ顭ĺ 

ҵʲᰡˡ 

ӻȥҲҿոһЩ֤ݣöۼЩۼ뵽ոյ飬 

ƿÿĵطһ£찡Ǳ߶кۼ˼ԡǲǹͷ˰ 

ߺվȥñϵɲƶһд˳˼ǸҲôİоȵҺǵطȻʪҺ塭ÿҲ֪ʲᡭ 

˿ܣûˮϴһƲҲûⷿ˼ԣѵҪ·ȥ 

Ҫƶȥϵ·ʱŴˣ˼һð̵ˮ˽Ȼʼ㶣Ҫ̲סһ磬֪Ҫãǡ˼Ҳһֻɫ 

ƺΪعˣߺص㲿λſߣˮŵᣬһѺᱧңֽޱ 

廹߶ȾϷ纮 

Ұúᣬصߣˮ߹šˮĲʼҵ塣 

ҡԼͺá붯Լӹ˼ȴֹҡ 

Ҹ顣 

֪ġ᲻һóһԲѵʱʱ 

ߺѧӵһǸסԼӦûЩ 

Ǻǡ 

Цҵûһ 

ӣŴһ¡ 

ҪԼҪùеĲȴ֪ġᡭӲӲȵġ 

ƿޱһոպãҵ־ȻĿ¡Ǹ˵ĵط 

Ͻ֣˿ı飬ƺһֱ 

Բ𡭡ҲǹҪġ˵߰ѱָǻԼϡҵ壬ԭԼҲù 

ỹ˳ӵеطʱ䣬Ҳҿı飬ȴԽԽصĺᣬѸٶˮ˳ȥĶҲǣ 

Ϊ֪ʱֻԼ·Ͼ廹Ǻֵġ 

ɫˣһҹûۣҲһҹûл 

ͷЩ˵ʧС 

ڴߵſڵһҹ۾ʱŴˣ춻ˣȴҾȵҷˡ 

ᡭΪʲᡭˡ硭硭 

Ϊʲط 



9 

ŵˣȥסǣǴͶ磡ǰ 

ʹվûһȥ 

Сģ 

ңץӣ֣Ը֣ 

硭硭 

ۿдתҲ̲ס˳Ѿ˵Ļˣǵ飬ֻгԾѶͻȻһ㣬˵ҿˣ 

ǽ˵Ļס磿Ҳ硣 

 

Ƕ磿Ķ磬ǸҵĴ磬Ϊʲ᣿ΪʲҪ˵ҵĶ磿 

ˣһҵ仯̫ˣϲ 

磡С𰡣岻ҵģǸؽӽλС𰡣Ҳ֪Ϊʲһ棬Ӧǳ磬ǻִǸ𰡣 

Ҳ˵ʲ᣿ʲᳵʲ᣿˯õûǰɽ¾ġ 

 

ġġǴͶŶԡġ 

ˮǾ˵һ㣬ӿȴޣǿϲȴʧ̫ʧͷһʹȵҺڣŻһڰѪҺͷءˡεǰƺˡϤĺ 

С𣡡 

Ƕ簡ҵ 

ԺУƺ 

㣡ʲ壡Сּˣ͸˵ֱӸͺˣƫƫҪںˣŸմӹŹسˣһ̤˽ȥ 

Ͳܸ˵ǵ֣Ѿˣٸ˵ĻҪȥĹ𣿡 

ҲܣˣǣСֻһѣˣ 

h֣ߣҲ 

 

һſ۾˵ͣ 

ˡ 

ҡǸոû˵ʲᡭ绹뿪ȴһۣԹԱ졣 

Сº͵Ķ첻µزµĴҲ 

ϸոĻҸȷһǴͶ磡 

Сûﲻ߶磬ҽ 

仰Ĵ磬˷ۣ̾һҡҡͷ 

ΪʲᡭҪңΪʲ᲻ҡ֪ǴͶ磿ʵȻ֪ĴͶ磬ȴոյĳ޷ƽ 

ʵ˵ң˵ȥ˼ԣ֪һУ֪ǴӶʮһС𡣡 

ְĸҵͷ̾ҲвѵĿԣ޷˵ǣǲẦġ 

ҵȻŴͶ粻Ầңֻǣķǳ£ɲԸ˵һ㣿 

翼ãΪشʱˣһ˵ܸӣ򵥵˵ҪԸ 

ҵԸһͷˮˣ 

˵ԭ˵Ըԭˣǰһ飬СҲܶ˵ԭ˷ʲ飬ȥ˼Ծ֪ˡ 

hǼһˣ 

ãС𣬱˵ 

ԭڴͷߵĶæȴһֱûſץסӡ 

ҪˣˮּߣУҪһˡ 

Сǻģ㰲İɣúˡ 

˵꣬۰һ£ŷſ֣ȻǧٸԸ⡣ 

Ѹʧſڣ 



10 

ӣ𴲡ʲˣΪεϻѪ 

ȥһӣ˼˽Ŭȥڵӡ˸ոΪ̼̫ڵһѪûӦѾ 

ӣ 

û¡⣬ֹסıӵ˲תɳԾֻüѧޱ 

ʲˣңѪҡȻˡ 

罻ܸ˵飬¡Ҫ 

ӣǲ 

ûС 

ƭң֮ǰҪң̼ܵ㣬һʵң˭һƿϵޱ̧ҵҿ 

û˼ҪˡҶ˵ 

Ѫӱңñӵ 

ִޱֻ޹Ŀס 

һڣ˵˼רĽ˼һø𣬺οʱһǺ£ң˭ˣ 

ûС 

Ҫˣҵ쭳 

㺦֪ɥʧ䣬һ˶ܣһ˶ֲ죬һҹ㻹ûΪΪΪ㲻ˡŻһ¡Ȼ͡Ѫˡ˵ϼʡ 

ΣСѧģлǽϷʵոЩʱ̨ʵһЩĻǻû֮ǰΪΪ˵һҹδۣͦĲ𣬰һҰ 

Բס˼Բԡҵ̧ȥҵᣬ 

һҹ 

ţĵͷ۾ڳΪˮͷû϶⣬һкȦ 

ġܶԲסεĵͷ 

ӦңһܵòãҺܵ㡣 

ģң 

ǰʲþȵģΪʲ۾ңˣԭ˱ͲǸ˵ˣҲӦõġ 

лл 

Ӧõ˿ĵչЦݿڸˣҲˣᣬŷصĸǦƵأۣۡ 

ȳ𣿡 

ˡҺ˯ǰȶƴһ㣬Ѹٽ硣 

ʱɫѰ⣬Ҫҹߵˡ 

ƶһ壬ȴƺס۾¿ȥһֱֻεӵңŷ֣ᴫɵĺ 

˼ƽȵ˯ͷ 

ת 

Ҳ֪׷ʲ飬ӦúزŶԣΪۣȻ﷭Ҳһ£֪ 

һС˵˵˻Ȼ˵ᷭԼŤᷢ 

̫ˡ 

˼һģ˵ĽʵҲЩݵϣ˵һĴܲʵİɣ 

Σһʵ޷Ԥ֪δΡ 

ԭӦƽƽ˳˳ѧҵȻ̿о̤֮ᣬʼΪԼ뱲Ŭƴƽĵнϰ壬Ȼ޲һ 

ڣҿδҵʱҳĵطҲûиһֵѣǣҰĲ٣Ҳߣ˼ԡ 

ӵһۣҾú׽Уͨİ˴һ޷̸ڣǣҶȴ׽裬򡭡ᡭȻľͽҡⶾ⣬ˡһˡ 

Ƥ΢΢һ£ƺҪˣȻĽë£ſ۾ɫ˫͸Ǻѵɡ 

 

Ŀһӣ㶵ңͻȻŴ۾һ 

𡭡ӡˣ 

ţЦΪԼֿסҵջصģ 

Բס˼ˡ 

ûϵ 

ؿڿзأȻǸӣֻ¸ѣбҪʹƯ 

ӣԵһ£˼ȥ׼š 

ţһ¡ 

ȥԴȻĸԱˣҩȻᡭͷǼˡ 

˵һν⣬˼ǡüȸոˡ 

Ϊ˲ʹԼ˼룬˴ȥͷߴ磬ӿһ£ŲǼȫȵ顣 

ƶűߣţͷһƬӹȻӵֱ߻һСľݣ΢΢͸ƹ⣬˼ӦþæŪͰɣæʲͣƶȥʱͻȻһȺϢسǰԶһĺ£ῴС˵ֵĻˡ 

Ȼÿ˼һһس 

û뿪ŵַԵţһɳҵǽڣǿҵײ޷гʹϮ֫顢ǰվΣ 

˼ԣſڵϴϢңͻȻһĴʹһɭСȻֱ棬ܵĽ߾ȣ֪ٲֵһˡ 

УϤӰ˽һཻ𣬲֪ţ˼һӮܲʹļ尾ǰһڣϾһ֪ 



11 

 

ӣ 

֪˶ãʱɫǰģ˼ݳǰ 

˼ԡ 

ӣﲻ˼ԣ 

ûСֻǣȫʹѣ񡭡ͷɢһ 

ɢˣҰӻȥˡ 

 

 

ҲĿҡ 

˼ԣЦЦ벻˵ЦҲ侲˵ 

ЦĹؽȫŪѾˡ 

ɡҲֻǸȥײǽѣء 

߹ǣҲд̡ 

ҡǲǿˣ 

ᣬڡ 

ʱһɳ嶯ҪȥסȻУ˼ʲᶼᣡϧ㶯һ¾ʹɱ 

ҩˣӡ 

ǰĺɫҺ壬Ҳ࣬ǡҺܻɺȥ֮ᣬǸʱһ᲻ûĴʹǱʹȻǽⶾзҪҶһ£ǬɱҰɣ 

밲İɣĵĶֻһμɡ 

֣ʲ֪Ѳ 

붯ֽӹҩһ̧֣һ亹ֱðʹӿءҡıزˡ 

𶯣 

ΪʲҪɫҩʱȴ췽ʽιҺҩ 

˼Եж󵨡 

Ÿտʼļ죬ҲûС˵ΪԷҪιϲҪ˱ 

ȴ˵͸顣ūǿҰҶѾԼҵҾҪȻȴ¹򡢵вĵط찡 

춿Լʱ;һ顣 

죬æܾͣûɹ̫ˣÿԼһ͵͵ȥΪʲҪ͵͵Ϊ˼Բ´ߺߣһʧټǡ 

˳Ĵţһ£ܺãûˣ̧ųɹĿԴûԽżĵһ͵ЦлԳȥúõ桢ķ羰ˡ 

˴Լʮһôǰ𣺡ȥģ 

۰һңûعͷ˾ͱƾձһ˫΢ŭ˫ۡ 

㲻𣿡С 

Ϊŵľǻġ 

ҲŤò׳Ү 

˵廹û´𣿡 

˿ҪһˣȥҾҪùˣ 

Ǻǡô棬˲ᷢùġ 

֪¶ЦݣҺƾһȫұ絽ˡ 

ˣﲻ𣿡 

ûУֻǾЦܺÿ˼ӦҪЦҪȻ˷ſǵ 

Ц 

ţҶЦҲ鿪ʣһʾͻƸԭ˵ԲԣԼ˫־ȻҲ֪Ļľɿ 

ûӣʡʾʲ᣿ 

ǡǳĺܺÿˡܻӭˡ˼ԣҲҪط㲻ܳҽ˵ʱ߻ȥ 



ˡ 

ԣ 

ӣԹԳԷҩˮúϢ˲Żá 

ҪˣҪܵףҪȻġ 

ӡ˼ΪѺ𣿡 

ǲҳԣɫйɷ֮ơ 

˼Բң 

ľֻһ˴˫һƵ˫ֻסľһΪҪڵգ 

˼ԣҪҳԿԣҪӦһ顣Цٺٺٺ٣Ҿڵһ 

˵Ļ˼ԾԻհ졣 

ƭˣ֮ǰҪֱӽСͲҪҾҪֱӽС𣬱ƺˣаǸҲɡ㡻ɣŰǸӡõ׽ġ 

У 

ҪҾͲԣԭˣҲͦ֮ǰûأЩͣʱҺ˼ԵĹϵһϲѵĸоҪֻڴ϶룬ûĻҲᡭɰķ 

𡭡 

ţ͵ЦѶ 

𡣡 

ܺãǵĹϵһˡ˵֣˵Ļϲ 



12 

ȻԹԽҵˣҵȻҲسԷһõı߳ԱЦ 

ƺȥˣһüͷʵʲЦ𣿡 

ааƴĵͷ㲻֪ҵҵȻǳ˰˵һڷ⼸ιҳԷ⣬һҪǰԣҪȻûгԷݣ϶ûԡ 

ǺһͬҲҪιˣԼܶȻԼͺá 

ӡ 

εЦ£ĻصҲŲСգҶѾʮˡ 

˲ɫ䣬Ҳ֪˵ĿѾˡ 

ȥˣ 

ûСҡҡͷֻǾãӦǹ˶ʮˣģῴѾʮˡ 

⣬Լ˸й©Сһ㣬˼ԷӦἤңһӣСģһҪС˵С 

 

ǸӵǸ̾ԹǡŭΪʲ 

ðζ˵ֻüͷ˷Īĸе£ӵʵ˼ԡˣΪ벻ȥ飬ҪҲ벻ΪҲ˰ 

ûһ£ҡͷ˵ԼʱΪʲ᲻ߣɥʧ䡣˵꣬ĵͷǱ飬ҿͷҲһѹ 

˼ԣѹˣѾǹȥˣ벻벻Ҳ벻ҺáЩˣԷʱӦҪĵĲŶ԰Щȳ극˵Ҳ١ЮһЩ˵ʾҪԡ 

Ҳԣ治ôԷ¡һεЦһ¡ 

֪ͺ֪ͺã԰ɣһҪķʷʵġ 

ȣһȥĶ³ķʷʵģĿҡ 

ǰ̫һÿЩұҲЩ֮ǰ㻳ǿĵͷ·زɵĺѹ 

ǺǡŬԣܺɡȻЦҲЦңһЩῴƻĿ⡭ѵҿ˼Խƻƻ˵𣿿ǲ붼û˵֡ 

ŰҵĴԣûþͱˣ극Ϣһ£ҩҪ˼Դҳȥɹ̫ 

Ҳãʡ͵͵Լһȥ 

˵ᣬҲһӦԼԶԷְұҿԼߡ 

㻹ʡһЩˣ 

˼ԣȥϡ 

ȥϣ 

ţȥϿ羰 

СΪԼʵĹϵ˵ˣ¥ݶ飬ԣǸԶҲһֱҵСС롣 

˼Զ˵ṦҲǾ֦Ҷһ֦䴩вԶ 

ѡͷҶԴɣᱧһɵĿɫɽ۵ףûдãûйŷŵķڱߣҰҸж̲ס塣 

ˣ߶ҪҪȥһ㣿 

Ļ˫۽գҸӿǰ 

ˣϲ߶ȣԿĺ˼ԣң֮ǰʲˣ 

˼Ƶգ̾ʼ˵˵Ĺ 



13 

֮ǰ磬Ҳ˵ˣȴֿҲŵڵأ޷Ի򸴳𡣡˶٣˵ǣиȴ֪ǵĲֽү裬ǽǰƺѾүнˡ 

⣡Ҿ֣ѧϰߡ 

Ǻǡʰɣ 

֪ҷӦ棬û취˭дѧһҪ֣ҪȻڸ㡣 

ǡжţ⡣ 

ʵҲ࣬ר滤Ժ⻹һˣһˡ 

ȵȣҲ֯ 

㵱ˡεЦһ£˵Ȼֻ˿ȴҲӵԼĲˣָµԱⲻ֯𣿡 

Ҷˣ˼ֻ˼棬ȻԼȥԼ˶԰ɣ 

û 

ԭѹֻ֯˵ĸأ 

Ŀǰһʧ٣ˡڶүߡ 

ร 

㲻֣Ϊʲԭȴڶүߣ 

һΪҶǲãǴְɣ˾ִ˾ҹ˾Ҳã˻һ乫˾ܶһԻʮĸϰ壬ΪʲҪ벻ǾʣֻҪϲʲ᲻ԡ 

治֪ΪʲῴῪǡʵǱ㡣 

ңеִ˲ˬڣ˾ϰᣬҹ˾ͷ¹˾ϰ鱨 

˵󲿷㿴˳۵ͻҪǴЩˣȴĸôˡ 

ʲ˼ 

鷸֮ˡ 

١˵Ҳͦõֻлһ氡 

Ҳ˾ͺˡ 

ʲ˼ʧĻҺͷȴµȥȻңߵľ뻹һ¶ҡ 

㽥ı䣬ʼĺ㲻ֻɱˣԷԱʹĺҲŹҶıˣûΪλ˲бѪ֮ǰȫͬһ˶뿪ֱĿǰΪֹû֪ǵȥˡȴǺµ֡ 

ľһΪԭֻǻѣû뵽ȴǻ͸ȥˣǶ˵ģǰң 

廹ðɣҪҪطȥˣ 

ƺǷ΢Ϊ뵽˫ȥɱһСӵľӦöŵķɣ 

ã˵ȥ 

Ҫǿ岻һҪ˵ץҵһ£ŷĵؼ˵ıǰȻǸĮˣ˾ú£ڸıᣬ캦ԼʱΪ粻ʱĵꡣ 

ѹһẦ£ԭԭ˾Ϊûһñ˵ԼĵĹߣʲ᣿Ŵ 

ڵ㣬˲²͸ȲıǰĵĮıķʲ鶼дϵĿС 

Сźðɣڣ÷κ 

飬Ҳ͵ЦˣԼĸıҲܴ󰡣Ȼ˵ǿĵģǣ㲻ЦݱȳݺÿĶࣿгѵ鲻Ϊ𣿡 

ȷˡĺϲڵ㡣 

һ仰ľͲܿƵһ£ֻ˵ԭ˵ԸȣȽϲҵĸԶѣҵľͲ졣룬û˼ԣеģŴ˶ͬమӦûųŶԣҵں˼ʲᾢ뵽ǷȥˣҸոĶ 



14 

ˣƣĲطϢ𣿡ĵҵĶͷǺߣ㶮ӦòҲ˵ǡһִ꣬˹ŴȻ˵׷󣬵ǡǡҲûҾȻͬҲȤ 

ͷ۵ĸǣǣҲҶͬķӦΪΡĪͿʼУҪǡ첻ǵһˡ 

Լֵĸı䣬˼ȴң 

ȵȡȵûҲҪͻȥˣòãò׿ԳҮ 

ˡͷңΪѣͣȥĽŲ᲻طȥ 

ţͷЦҶˣٲҳҲ 

ĵһȻܶȴֻ춷棬ƶ߻򴰻ԵС룻ڶڣܲҵı߹Ƕ˼ҶϸҲҪæУֲ˵°·㲻Ϊʲҡ 

ȥ 

ţϰԵʱ۾ȻĸһƬˮ֪Ҳϣ۾һƬããִҸ׼ 

ˣ˵ԭǸܵĮ׿޵壬Ŀˣ 

𡭡ޡҡ 

һȵȻҲֽţæҵķңΪûҲ޷С˵ѻŪֲǲӦüλðĻ䣿뿴ʲᷴӦȴͻȻһסȥԭĿǰˣոջһ֪룬ȴ쳣ࡣ 

˼ԣ𣿷ʲˣ˿٣ץסҡҡʵ 

꣡뿪ҡ 

㲻״ңʣ˼ȴȿˣ֪ 

һи˳ˡ 

ΪȻͿɱȫˣԭڰ˵ƽƽȣûŭģȴҾڹ˼Խң 

Ҫҳֱ˼Զ˵۾ȴһֱĳطɲῴǱߣȴӰӶûУѵΪ̵ִˣȲŴˣ 

ڰԼûŴ˰ϵʱĴ˼ԿǸط߳һˣѲߣҶαװ 

߽Ǹ꣬Լ˼ֻ࣬ϵ·ܻϺܸ߹Ҳ˼Ҫ׳࣬ӦǳԵĺܺðɣˣ˵ľ˼ԵĿ꣡ 

˼˼ԣ㿴ģҾҳӣС˵ 

㰡ȴͷεĿңҡҡͷ̾ 

û˵̾ʲ᣿㲻ĲҲľ͸ˡ 

û˵ǳϲԣ㲻𣿡һεЦݡ 

𣿡һǲĿˣǸ˺ҲȤĿ 

ǰ£Ҳµһˣ˵𣿡 

 

һȻı飬Цһ£תͷǰˡ 



15 

ʱĸӽһ򲻶ǿԶ 

ǰңҿҵû˲İɣȻǵһμ棬˼Ե˵̬ȣǸģʹſ˵ڶλѡ 

𡭡ͷǰԶĵƵѹᡣ 

ǰ㣿 

԰ҡ 

𣡡üͷͷһۣ˵˵ǵɣҡҾȻ˼ԵҮȻұعؾϹŰ屿˼ԵһҮ˼е㿪ˣ 

١ˣֱӳƺӣƺǰĹϵ̫һţ 

ϻ˵ɱҾԲóѡ 

Ŀ¶׹˼ԣͻȻһӿͷΪ˵õ𰸣ʼ⿪ҵʡ 

𡭡ʲ᣿𣡡 

ܿץס϶˫֣תͷҡ 

㵽ʲ᣿ 

ֻݵӦûطûùĶ 

ҵһεЦЦֱ̧쵽ǰ 

ȭͷ򣿡һûѲ˼һֱȭͷܣ󡭡 

ۡǶԻλ֣ȻЦ 

ЦʲЦˣĺܲϲ˼㣬ûòһֱиоˣΣգԲ㿴ʿְЦ˾ӣ⡣ 

ֻЦ㾹Ȼ֪ʲᣬѵΪɽӸײˣ 

һײԴ㺦ģ 

١ԭײԴˡ˼˵ʧ䣿 

ٸ˵ԹվᣬҶ 

աȻСĸ׻ˣƻһֻ˵Ͳ˵㻹ܴ׳ʲᶫ 

ѹԸ࣬ǰ鲢ḻˡáɰ 

ⲻػ㻹ܱɶϷ 

ǡ˼òᡭĶ˰ɣֻԶԶ㣬Ӧóʱõǰ顣 

ֻ˼Զ˵ֻ̧˳ȥֻཡһǸ˵վȻһѪۡ 

ۣ˼˼ԣ쵽ģոյʲ飿ҷǳץַȥȥǻǿȻ 

ֻ˶룬˼ԿĶλ˲ĵ˵ 

̫˧ˣ 

˼˼ԣ㿴ҵ۾ 

ˣ۾𣿡˼ָһ䵭ı飬ǵػ˼Կ˵Ǳ˰ɣ 

ǣûҵû͸¶ݵĹâ 

ǷˣһΪ۾ˡѾ֪ǽڼεЦˡ 

Ϊ˼ĺСݳƬŨȤ˿Է߱ڣṦõ˸Ϸɣ׾ԼĽҪ 

˼ԣȻһУõ˹ҲʣҪǣһ붪ȥԷˡ 



16 

š˵㲻ʧ⣬书ʧ 

Ǻ꣬˵һ仰Ͳ³ҵȻ˵Ҳ书ʧѧûѧҡ 

Ƚȥ 

Ϊʲ᣿뿴˼ԵӢˡһüͷҶûҮԷĴúһ£ 

ΣգԹȥӡ 

มҪСЩȻԸһ书ֻܵƿҲ֪ǸǲСˣҵУֻ߱߻ͷĽȥ 

غôţƿԿǣȴǵĶԻӻûжֵļ 

˵ʲգ˺桭 

Ӧ̸ɣ 

̸ңΪʲҪ̸ңۣ˭ʲʱģ 

˳Ļ˶ԷĻŷ֣˸˵ֲǴͶ磬һͷͿһǰҡ 

ȻԾ˴ҿǳԾŴ𣿶ˡ˵Ȳ϶磬һ˵ޡԣޣЦʺܸ߹󣬶˲ҽӽ˵һ顣 

ʶң 

ҡö˵ʧ𣿿ͷǸһⷵģźã 

ȷ̫һǰ㲻Ѹϣڱ仯ͦģڵһ᲻ǰɣ 

ͷֻ¶ܲµʲᡭ˵ıḻֻˣ˼ͷӦֻ꣬ΣգԣƶŲ岽Ĵȥ 

ԹԵıҶһ²С˵ûࡣ 

ƶһ֪СȻԱ߷ɹǽϡ 

ǰ۾İΪʲû˭ԸңЩǲǶɰľ룬˵ðɣû 

ˣһǸ㲻Щ˵ֵָġ 

Ҫ𣿡 

Ҷʲ𣿷ģֻˮѡұ˵ߵ棬һˮ¡ 

ҪҶ½ĺѣ˭ֵһ֡ 

ֵۡһ֡ۡûòĽһڲ˳ȰͷһȥҪȻǰ˾ͻᱻֵһ֣ǺܺЦôҮƲ˵ǰңִңһǲֵһ֣ԭֻһ 

ϡ棬Ц죬ǺܲŹ۵ĴЦЦʲ᣿ 

ֻЦҲֵһ֣ҪǵĻͲᱻǸŪȥˡ 

ʧˡ㲻ǱµģԼȥġ 

ʲ᣿ 

ҪΪҪԾԭ򰡣 



17 

ʲ᣿Լ£˼˵ǰұµġ 

Ȼʧˡʱ˵ȷǰ¡ 

֪ΪʲᣬΪ˲ǻˣ˵أֱ֪ͷǸһⷵģǲ뻳˵ĻҸȥ˼˵Ļһʲ顣 

ʱǵȷַ㣬үһЩ˵ܽţǣǻصȴֿһˣ˼Ҳ֪ȥ򣬴ᣬɽɽϣи㶯ֵ׼ɽᣬ˶סϢͻȻʲᶯȴͷЦһ£ֻ˵һ仰Ҳȥˣ˼ԣµɲǸϹġ 

 

ԣ˼Ϊǰ£˵ǱߣЩǶܣϾȷǴȥΧ㣬㷢ȥ̫ˡүͨǣֹֻŰ 

ǡ˵ҵĲʵӦҵѰɣ 

 

ûб˲ƺһĨȣ룬˵ֹˣǲ£ѣҲֻѣѱ仵ľٶ 

㷢֮ǰȷйɳݵĳ嶯Ŀ᲻ľ׷㣬һ£㲻ֻǿҲǹؽ̹ҺǱĹģȻʱһûʲ飬˺̤׷쵼ߣǲѣΪʱ㲢ǶǱ϶µӹϵ 

ǰҹȻǸˣֻԭķħͷ 

Ƿı䣬һǰҹ֪ʲԭѪѲ峺ľˡ 

ά˶ã 

ԼꡣܲסˣҲպү׷֪򲻹㣬ŻȥүҪһЩæǣǿ̣ԭӦ嶼ɱ֮㣬ȴ൱ͷһЦǰ㣬Ǿ仰Ҳͷԡ 

ԭòҳʲᶾƷɣ˵ƷһǾʧҮûһúõ˻ͻȻȻǰʵǸӣ 

ᣬ˼Ը˹ҲûǶԴֻһ䡺ߡͼææˣԣһɽ㣬ҲѰ㣬ȴڽѶǼ㻹 

ˣûãļǲȥʲ顣Ȼľͻʵ˵Ρ 

˵࣬һˮݸ 

ǣ 

˵࣬һںܿˣȺˮ 

Ҳǰһ 

԰˼Ҳ˵ЦشҲ˼һ㶵Ŀһ¡ 



18 

ȻʧˣһЩҲò𰸣ͷסְɣ 

ûӦûɣŸհѻ˵꣬ͷϴײ 

⣡ļվֻ˼Ի᲻£ϾΪԼ֪ĹȥҪˣǡ 

Ŭ첽ȥû취˻ʹÿһһƺڱȹ 

סס֣ 

ŸհѻڵͬʱǰһӰιʶұʱѾһѿͨȴƵӡ 

ˣһṦõҲ֪Ʈˡ 

ſ˼ԼĴС 

˼ԣͷĲˣҪſָרңݵĻĶͬһģ˵ϻ 

ࡣ书ʧˡ 

ٳһ˵һ㶼 

ȥҾҺˡ 

һ˱ȣ 

ǰࡣ 

˵˾Ҫ˱졭оǱƽҲһЩ룬ֻùԹԱ͡ 

˵ 

ɤŽһ۾ȴ뿪˼ϣǷֹ˼ʲᶯɣ 

ſ 

ûãͷǸ˹߳ͦŵģǣֳ滹ţҲⶫǺ˵Ү 

ſû˵ 

㻳˵Ļ 

มüͷ˧˧˼ȣһζ 

Ҳỳ˵ĻֻǡҪſ 

 

˶˵ֱŵ֣еӸÿˡ 

˼ԿҲ໰ϲ֪ƶģ˲ȥ 

̸˴ͷҲϸͷֻʣ˼Ժˡ 

û°ɣûˣӣϹҵ 

û£أͷſһ£ţ·ûҲûƣû⡣ 

Ҳû£˰ɣˡ˼İҲոΪʱһЩųĺˮ 

˵λҪ̸˵һ£пǡ 

겻֪ʲʱֳֵģűЦЦĿǣ˵Ļ˲Ҳѣǵģеϲ˼˼ֲǶָ顣 

Ҫ˵ 

ɣ˼Ϸˣ΢ʹһ¡ 

ȥɣ 

æƲϵϴˬһ£˵ҲǱԵǬǬҮȻ˵ǸˣỳУǡ 

⣬ǲƶ˫ţ۾Ѿ׼ˡ 

𣿡 

ҲŸ̤ǰ˻ͷңһȴһ¡ 

𣿣 

ҡû¡ҪңȽȥɣ˵ŬԼίתȥ˫ȴͲԼ޳Ƶ΢΢˵һпƭˣ磬ԣ糣Դ硣 

𣡡 

ȻЧܺãϳתȥҹӱƵľǲŬԼͷ 

𣬿ңˣﲻ 

Ȳ°ͱ̧ոպã۾ϵһᡣ 

ʹ 

ʹҵְมʹ 

룬˵ʹ̬Ȱɣ˼ԣòĶ˼˰ɣ 

ҡҡ 

꿴ϷƵĿˣȻ˼˵ˡ 

ҲáȻȫ¶˼ˣⲻ˼ԵĴҪжˣ˼Ҳᡭ 

𣡡 

ۣԭ˼Ҳ찡޴һҿݲȥˡ 

ʲ᣿˼ԣġġˣ˸ҵѹֻ˼Ūޣ㣬֮ǰ˵ʲỰǬĨᾹȻΡ 

ġҡҡ 

۹ҡұĺʹ࡭ЦЦ侮ʯһ 

㿴㣬˼ĵ˵ͷʹޣ㻹Ǹ 

ҲʹޣЦ̵ĺѹ 

𡭡Բ𡭡˵ûȻǽⶾȴûͬ⣬ҩ˽ⶾ¡¡ģҡһһӸߡΣҡ 

ˡҡ̲סˡۡ۹ 

ҴЦ˿סˡִģӰЦĸš 

𡭡㡭 

ԡԲ𣬹ֻǡֻǡֻǿЦѡЦ˵߰Ц쭳⣬ҹȻûжĹЦ˵ 

˼ԣ㰲İɣҲҪ㸺ģϾҲŮˣΪ˰ҽⶾңҪѾϲˣҲõǸˣǿЩˡһļǰֻΪ˰ҽⶾģʹϲҲ 

ֻ뿴˼Ի᲻޴롢֪ǺõӣΪһֱ˧ֿᣬԲŻ׽Ūһ¡ 

𡭡 

߰߰ɣȥɣЦˡ 

˷ӦŲ߽ȥΪȥĻܲ˵ҡ 



19 

ᣬһҰѸողһʧص׵ᡣ 

ͦСġ 

ƽֻҺ˼ദһһСʵ񣬿һҲһµŷ֣Щ˵㣬ǿռ䲻ǡûʲҾ 

ǿˣӣܱǸֻСʶѡ 

ذ壿Цһ£󷽷ľ˵Ķ棬ǵģҲһ¡ 

ûȥذ塣һۣԵһ˼Իվһԣ֣ʾҪߣȴҡҡͷȻڴߡ 

㻹ڹִʲ᣿˵㲻ҵ£ѡӣ彩ӲԱߡ 

ǵģ˶бҪ߳𣿶ӦҺ߲Ŷ԰ұԵ 

˾ȫˣҲҺûҪذˡ 

ҡٶһЩӡ 

ҷۣ˼ǺߵԽʮĸԴת 

˼ԣ룬˱ҪҪҵģӦˣ㻹ǷˣΪ˵ҪŻֻŰ 

šҡȥǵˮ 

ٴܳȥῴǣܣոյĴ𣿲ҲҺ˵Ҫɱҵ˵ദ 

İɣģ㲻һĿǡ 

ҡӱЦ˵ұֵԣ˵ո˵ˣǲˣ 

Ȼһˣ˰˵һֱӰ룬һһĿһԡ 

٣Ůһˡ 

˵ˣǸҲǸˡ 

ҮָָǸɽˣȴһüͷǲ˵ 

ǺǡģʴˡЦɽˣมԭҲһԵ 

㣬㻰̫ˡβֻüͷһۡ 

Ǻǡˡؼҵ̰ɣῴ˵ʤ꣬Ů 

̣š桭˷仰úɫ˱䡣 

ҪЩ߰ĶǽոյĻ⣬˵һ顣εתƻ⣬룬˷ʲ顣 

̸۳ˣ˵˵ΪʲʧˣһʼԸ΢Щʱ˾Ͳ֪ȥˣ֪ǲǣ 

ʵ߿һֻһԵʼ磬УҪǴĳͷ͸ǸˣĻ߸fҳ 

Ҳû𰸡 

ǰ͸˵ȫ˻ţȻǵò𰸣òҪץȥǸʲүɣรʲᶼ㲻״¾Ͱȥն׻Ǵ̶ҿɲƽҮΪ˵ҲҲţΪװɵװͿʱûȫʬأȻǸоɶ 

Ͼе֣챾̽̽ʵԭΪֻ˰ˣû뵽ǷͦĽ 

รŵıζˣңң㷢ʲ᣿ϲȵĵȴشʱȴվǰһ㲻״ʱֻҵȻῪʼʹ 

ʹƴʹˣɶҵ 

㿴Ǿħͷ˵Ǳ߰ҵֵ״ῴһɸȴ 

ʮǧǸ˵ıԣ 

ᡭżң֣ĵᣬݺݵʹˣջȵĲ񻰣˵ˣֻ꾹Ȼ˼Բ۸ҡ˵˼ԣ£Ҫõʱ𣿺߱ꡢúˣ档 

ҵȥ˼Խѵ㣡ȻǱСȥǰµĺݻԱûУȻҸܿҲᵹĿɽ 

˷ЦһȥֱߵСľݣƿľȴ˼տյıվУҲû֡ 

֮ǰĳûƽɣ 

ҲĻǲǻһֱվ 

ʱȴعתͷҵ˲侹ǶݺݵĿ⣬Ҵû񣬳񣬵һȴָֻֻһ˲䣬ҾǲԼǣָͣ 

ˣ˵ҪϢ𣿡 

ͨʱ˼԰ѵҸոĿ 

ɫ԰ף岻𣿡 

԰ףӦǺķȲŶ԰ոձĵطʹأ 

ڷ𣿿ȥ߹岻þͱߣǲһѱҾߡ 

Ҷ˰ɣҿ˰ɡһǵġ˼Ի˼ԡ 



20 

վ߳ȥȥˡ 

ңһžǸҲϱȥʱС˲̧žıȥ˭˵Ͳˣû뵽Ǳ۾ƵģȻһͶһŵĹûӵЬӷɳȥ˵ҺҲĿ죨һĲæƫͷ 

ۡ۹ɶЦʱص 

˵˴ЬӲֻ׽ȥҲҪȥС 

˼ҲЦѸջβΪʹߵ죬ɶ֪ϰ߲Ϊǰ̫ҶȥЬӺúõϴãԵһάǸϰ 

Ƶ˼ԵţǬһֻЬҲЦͣ궪ȥҲ֪ǱܹˣϴȥޱñǵС 

𣿡ͷϷһ֣˼ڳʱˣˣ͵ǿˣȻ˵һԭ 

ޱףһأﾹȻֻʣҺ˼ԣ˾Ȼˣ 

֪ˣˡ˼ͷԣҸոŪҵͷ 

ߣ´αҾҪ꣡飬Ӱȥ 

һλã˼ϣͷϱ۾ 

ﰲֻʣ˵ĺ˼ǲŪҵͷ˼ԡѻ³ڡ 

ţоҶͷǰ䯺Ū 

˼ԣҪûڵĻһȥĻһڶˣһжڴ˵ʳˣ𶼲֪һ֪ʶûУҪڣһһȥȻҲǵһεûм 

ͣڶͷϵֶ˶٣żҼձߵķ˿ûлػ 

˼ԡ 

ţ 

㡭𣿡һֱ񰡣Ӷǣʣ֣òԣǲŰԼ˳ 

Ǳ㿴ˡ˼̾ 

㻹ûشңӱܻࡣҲһҪʵĴ𰸡 

Ҳ㡣 

𣿡˵ĻſۿڵĖSû˿ܵĲֻ飬ҿӯ˫Ǻ⣿ѵǶңǶ˭껹ˣ 

òᡭϲ˰ɣ֮ǰģΪڣΪԺ귢ģ 

εȥˣ˼롣˼һҵա 

֪ʲˣ졣 

֮ǰǲ֪⼸ദҴ֪ʲˣ룬һԵġ 

Ѳ㵥˵ϲǰƨɳһס 

˵˱룬οϲ˲ 

仰ҸŴ˫ۣɡꣿ 

㲻Ҫȥˣϲ㡣 

 

ԴתʱǰһӰѸѹůʪȵĴжϤζ˼ԡ 

ϵֻһɲǣȴᡣ 

˼ԡġϲңȸԾѣֻΪ̹С 

֪˵ţͬΪˣҡŵġ 

ѻ˵ֽ꣬ͷѹǳǳһǡ 

û˸׹ң˷ܵĺܣҶԼϲϵˣҿֵǱгҪ졣 



21 

֮ļҺ˼Ծ۵Ĺû˴ŵѾܣʵҲ˴ˣֻÿ˼ԻǻιҺֵҩˮ˵ɫزȫģһǵú֪ȥʲҩˮԹ 

˶ᣬȫǸʹǸ޷֪˴˼İ⣬ͱǰҪ֪࣬ɶƣҩİ£ܰȫΣĸ˯ȫɢһ಻ԡ 

Һߺ߰ڵ˯ˣҲԼЩˣȻҵ˯Ѩһǰƺһ仰ú˯һ£ڰѡ 

Ҳ֪˯˶ãƺиһֱڳΣԸſۣ뿪ʱȴڴߣҡҡ 

ˣ˯Ѩˣû뵽㻹˯ĸûֺЦĵҡ 

簡ʱҰһҲǣһҲǣھ˶İҹҺ۰ 

뱧ޱ˯ҡҡңһˣҪȥ˵ޱҲǲǹ壬ڴߵ·Ҵϡ 

˭Ը´ҵССʱ·ҲҴģǰѹҲһ㺦ߵӡ 

˼ԣС𣬽ҪӣкûԼУһ³Ų˵κλһ仰˵ֻҪͺá˵ᱧңһɱȥһ·ϾǺһƬֲָ۾кɨһʯԷһɡ 

ȻʣȻ˵˵ҲֻùԹԵȥȥ 

֪˶ãһȫдɶӲݴܾúܾöûˡ 

һڻʲʱһȴԶ֣ʾҪ 

ŵ˹ȥģῴڵ 

ȻһҶסˡ 

ǣѾ˯ˣûҰѣġ 

˼ԵĻ˭˭˵˼Զܹ 

ҪСģˣǸħͷ 

ˣֻ˭˵ݺҮ 



22 

ٹգǴ֮գסҩζҪȥǺǡ벻ǽⶾȴµ϶ϻɢĴҲԱˡ 

ǡ 

ԴѾհһƬˣٱҲĳĻ죬ϣǣңԣ 

Ϊʲ᣿˼Բ˵ϲҡʱǲǺҸ 

ΪʲҪңѵ˼˵Ļȫƭң 

ᣬǿƣĺǻǼٵģ 

ҡ˼ԡҡġ 

Ȼ죬ֵҵѨй˵ͻȻؿһʹȺѪҺ֪ʲ 

ȵ˵ʱѾ֪ʱصˣԴǿհһƬԴǡ֮ᣬѾǽһš 

硭˼ԡҶ𣿡 

ǵġʹĵһ仰 

Ϊʲ᣿ĿſڣǺһƬҵģҵ˼ʲᶼʲᶼס 

Ϊǰɱеˣǰ㡭塣 

塭ͷ˫֣ȻϾȾʺѪҺ˫֡ 

ԣضǺģֻǡ鲢ᵥ 

磬֪Һ𣿡 

ðɣӦ˼ԸģҲΪʲʲᶼ˵ոǼ˼֮⣬Ǹ˾Ƕүǰ㡭ȴĶӡ 

ϰɱӣףҲŵŴͺ۾ǰĻ˼˵ʳӣȻϰֶҪɱӣɼǰǡѹҪ 

С𰡡Դװʲᰡ߹˻ҵԴͿ챻ɱ˻鿪Ц 

ûпЦѵ˵ 

ҴףǼһĶӾֻǼһ֪ѣ˼Ҳ֪飬֪ͲˣĶӣ˹ϵǳã˵ǡһͺˡ 

һ˺һӤͷǸͷˣѡѵҲģǡź͡͡ 

翴̫εһҶͷǸܰӵˣĳ̶൱񣬵µΪǰѲ֮ʱȻ㻳޷ǳɱ㣬ԭͲǸöֻε൱ɹôΪǸʿǹȴħ̴ˣԣǰһ˷ָ飬Ǿǣˡ 

ˣɶ 

ǡҩӣСĳֶܿΪ޷˼룬ҩȴ̥ǣΪõһҩ 

ǲ̫˽⡭ 

˵ǣҩһ㲻ˣҩЧͿʼᣬҲʼܰĿƣǣȴ״Ʒһ񵽲֪Լʲ顣 

ԡǰҡòᡭΪûҩ壿 

ͷ 

ΪʲᡭҲҩ 

һͻȻҩãҩֻΪ˿ǣҪҩӣҩۻһĳ̶ȣ˵ΪɫΪĵȴóۻǰʮ꣬ԣʵѾҪȫɫȫɫ֮ʱľˣǳģ޲ʹȴôӳӤʼԲֹЧħݶһҩ֮һȴ֪Ϊʲ˽ˡ 

ɫص˵ЩҲ֪ǸʲᣬԵԼӵҮòǰҷԼͣҩԸԸǸ˲ϲ 

ζ͵ĵͷ 

˼ԡ֪֪飿 

εҡҡͷ 

ɱ˶ˣ 

ǧ˰ٶˡ 

岻һҲšԭǰҡǧĳޡʹİҡ 



23 

ٹҩһҩڣһĵҩԣһΪѹҩζģһΪ϶ϻɢС𡭡ǧܺȡ 

硭˵ҵĳΪĵĻǸ˳ȥǴӮ𣿡 

ΪʲʣǴӮϾҲͨˣСΪʲ᣿ 

ûʲᡭֻ֪ǵжǿѣ˶ӮЦת⣬֪Ҹˡ 

˵ǲҲԣϾֻһѣ˵ϲֻΪһ˻ľãҲмʱ䣬һ˵ȷǲϲǶ˵ֻǸȽϳˣǲκӰ졣 

ǲࣿ 

Сǵȷ࡭ӡƺ£翴һûɶ仯ı飬ȻǲȻûɶдЩ档 

£ΪɶҪ£ǻҸ簡 

ȥʱͻȻ˵ˣ׼һ¡ 

СҪǰ𣿡 

磬룬ӦǰңӦòΪҪ˼԰ɣ˵ұϵѶŪ˼Գȥǰģر 

С˯ɣľ˵ֵ꣬ҵ˯Ѩ 

ʶֿʼģˣѾиˣԣ԰ĵ˯ˡ 

֮ļ죬Һ˼һ㣬ʲ鶼ûֱһ졣 

죬˼һͿʼ겻ᣬǷ³ڣֿʼˡ 

˼ԣһЩʱˣúҩˡһ£Ӧҳ극ϢʮӾͺҩģȴҩ 

˼ҵĻһ£ɫӵĿһۣȥá˵뿪ӡ 

˴ԼʮӣǲֻԼߵȥֻվǰںڵҩˮУ˳մرء 

ʲ㶰ߵһ¡ 

ûʲᡭҡ 

ֹģЦһ£˼ҲֻҶѣҪȻͲˡ 

أǰҩ㶼ǳԵģûа 

ҡȥˡ 

˼ԣһ˶һ㣬ٳ 

õǺˡ 

á 

㶵ȥǹޣ˳ϵҩˮһȥ˼תʱѾӲʱˡ 

˹ȥˣһץ֣ʹץסϵĿ룬˳Ƶڵϣ졣 

Ȼ˼Ϊʲ᣿Һȥûлϲʧȥ˱ıߡ 

˼ԣ𣿡֪飬忪ʼסҵóӲվá 

Ұ㡭һֱ㡭ԴӵһμᣬͰˡ 

ǾͺáҲŲסҵˣһǰȥ˼һѱסҡ 

𣡡 

Ҳܰ˼ԡҲ뱨ɣԲΪѰȵԼҺѵ֪ҩĹϵΪ಻죬ܣʹ 

֪ˣĿңԵ൱Ծ 

ĵͷùĻҩˮҲڣ֪ʲҸ 



۾ˡһƬˮ⣬ᡭȫɫǺͱƺҲҺˡϣǿˮͱ飬ҪȻе󰡡Ҳһ 

ҡ 

ʲᡭ˼˵ʲ᣿ 

ˣҪˣ֪˼ԻǰҾͺˣҪˣΣӦ˰ɣʶģˡ 



24 

ģһƬڣҸ˰ɣΪʲỹʶûϴȫʹȫȵҪΡƽ 

ûйţû䣬Ӧû͸ɣڣģ 

ҪһڹŴأ˼ԣĵң׻㲻ˣ 

ûĻ˼ԵĳӦò㱨˰ɣˣ಻ɱһξˡĻ 

ﵽģðкŵˮζˮԡûҽԺеĴ̱ˮζ 

ƶ壬ȴȫƣܣָ̧ѣ˥Ϊɶ 

۾ſһ۵ľǰɫ컨壬ӲתתͷͷԷһĵͼѪѹʾһĪĲܣЩȽĵ֪ˡҲڹŴ 

ȴ첻ֻתͷ޵ķΧڣһԹĵͲȻϵͷ 

ӦҽԺɣҽԺ 

Լز·ȥǰСɽҲˣϸİɫޱû¢ῴԼ塭 

˭Ұҵˣ 

һûʱŴˣ˹ȥǸʿ 

ʿ۴򿪿˺һᣬͻȻ˹ͷǽ壬ŵĽеŲˣλҽԱϵϡ 

ͿһȺ˴Ҵææ߽תʰ¼ŪͷۻĻشǵʻҲŴҵҽ֪ҵ 

һֱΪֻͨķֶѣû뵽Ϊһҵ֪˷ֵܣַ֣һ֢״ĲΪ֢Ⱥ 

֢Ⱥ׺֢״ӣֲ֬γɵԷ֣֫֬٣֬ˮţ磩֬桢֢״ѹҵĶӻ 

ĻԴԡԴԡԴλƤ֢ȺеҵõĲ 

ᣬϳҩҲᣬҪһ㣬һ˯˽£ʱЩˣҲ˻˿£ҲЩǣΪһֱûʶ޷Լֻ֣Դ뷽ʽάҵܣ˵ҪҼ˯ȥĻ³ֲˡ 

ҽһᣬΪǺЩ˺ʶĻ徲ʱ⣬ǰ˵Ѿ֪ͨҵļˡ 

¡ҵʶţ 

ܻعŴȥˣһ˵ĿġӦþΪǰһծɣ 

֪˼ˣתأ 

ȻŸշֿáѾѧ˼ˡ 



25 

ҽԺУڹŴ˵ʱ䣬Ҳˣʱķɿ죬صִһÿڴϿӣС˵˵Ҳͦĵġ 

춸еǮ԰Ҷ˸֣ɣвֻһλϵӡƷǳ˴̱ǵˮζĻ 

Ҫ˵һҲС 

ʱң͵͵֪ǲᣬǾͺܴ󷽵ʹƾճҴߡ 

Ϊǲý򽻵Ҳ뾪һȺµĻʿͲˣͨûʱͻȻڲ 

СΣһϴҪС˵Ҵߵϡ 

簡һˣܲܲҪ˰˵ߴӴӹõˮ 

Ǻúܶˣҽ鿴ҽĻԺ 

߶Ҫˣ첻ǳԾǿС˵Ҫ˯ȥҲΣҽϵʯѾõˣԼˣƫƫʿСǾǲԼȥҳȥҵβС 

֪Ϊʲ𣿡Цҡ 

öҡ뵽ҾŻֵܾͺˣ֮Ů˶۷俴һţ˵Ⱥڴڣֻû뵽ɹ˳Ҳÿ춼 

ԭȻΪҪ˵գᣬҾ˵ˣÿ˶˵ҿɰ 

һʮ˵ɰһ㶼ˣû취ҳ߰ 

硭 

ţ 

ˣ˾һʳڵ֡ 

˼ԡ˵ҾͲ֪Ҫ˵ʲˣֻƬʹʹ 

Ĳʹ˼ҵʹеڸһ㡣 

ջˡɣѾǹȥˡҵ֣οҵ 

ܵģ磬һʼҾϲˣ˵ǰҲҡڵĺܰһ˺ܶ࣬ǰһǰΪҲԲΪҲΪѡҡҲһѡ񡣡 

ֻܸ㣬Եһģֻɲڡ 

ڣΪʲڣΪǵǲǣ 

˵Ե֪˵˼ˡ 

صЦһ£ӿСʱᱻʱЩͷƤĸо 



26 

죬ҶҪȥԼһ˳ȥûʿǲڣ˼״ϣŵתŰѣŷ۲һܺãҲһҲûУһ¥Ϊ֣ɣרԲ˱Ͳ࣬ĻʿҽҲͦٿǵĻʱ䡣 

׼ǵĻʱ䣬˲֮ʣȥ 

һ·ϵͷûĵңǰְŦûȶõݾˣһɿûˡ 

˵һ¥ҲǵͷȺ߳ҽԺ̯ҽԺĻʳѳԣһµҳ֮⣬óûɶζʳ˵ΪãһʳߣҪҳȫǰ׿ˮû̵ζĲɫҪҵ 

ҽԺ׼һҼС˲͹ݣȥ˼ԼԵĶһûʳеᣬ·̯˼ʳŻصҽԺȴǻزͥ԰ȥðɣҳҲǸԲˡ 

ͥ԰ϣʳ߿羰߳Ķɹһ磬ҲΪʱ䣬Ի԰Ҳû紵Ĳڡ 

ŷ˵ȥ˰һŮиҲһ»һԵĴᡣ 

һ綼Ӱҽһ絽ˡһŮ 

ҽˡҵҽİֵģ 

˵ҽҲ֣־ȻأŲĲˣȴҪĸҽڲдҽԼȻÿ춼ѯʣŲ˵ȴͲϼλˣǷǳ 

԰ԼĲȴҪҽҽҲûǸҽȴйͶһĲ˾Ȼκ˶еҮ֪ҽġ 

ҾҽӦʶλ˰ɣλֵֹܾġ 

ţҲãλľǴ˶ܺͰףƫƫҽȴʱΪҽͰѲ˾Ȼˣȴǵġ 

ĶԻǶԻʿѾԶߣҴͣ˺һ²ſʼ 

ɡǸ֡ǡ֡ǡ衻Ŷ԰ 

˼ԡ˼ԣǡΪʲ᲻ϼң 

ǶԻݣѼҶ̬ԵĺܶӣǲԴ˰Ϊʲ˼أ 

Ϊʲ᲻ϼңΪ춷ұԲңҲǰңԲң 

ʹ޿ɱҵԱֻ˹˵ģܿɰǡȻֵҡû˻ϲһͷġ 



27 

վһᣬǵֲ飬Ͽ߻زȴǻزʾ£ʼѰϤ֣ڿơƶû֣ƤơơƲҽѧҵҹε֡ 

ҽѧ棬ͷᡭšҽѧڣööڡ˳ָߣҽѧ̨ǰ¿֣֧֧뿪ѯʹ̨Ļʿ˼ģͻȻᾱ챻̫ͻȻұ˺ôһ 

ֻһͳɤҶ㲻ԹԴڲȥʲ᣿ 

찡񡭡񡭡˼ԡ 

һ˵ܣ֪֪˵ģУ㾹Ȼ͵Զ˭׼ʳģҰʳﲻó𣿡 

תͷһ˼Ի˭ǡԡһˣͲԾˣһΪܸˣΪ׿ˣܸӵĸо 

ޣҲûãԼ£֪Ϊ㻨˶ЩҪ⳥ǵľʧ˷ѵʱ䣿 

ءס˵ĲҪڡòΪ˼ԵĸԱ˰ɣ 

ϻҲ˭ȥϸһȥעʱ䵽ˣ˵꽫˼ת߽һ 

ҲŲҪȥ˭Ҫģ쵰Ҳˣһίһ˹˹Ǹ˹ 

˼ˣû˵˲ȼ̤صĲת뿪ö߻ͥȥ 

˼ԣ쵰˼ԡѾͺҶǸɶˣΪʲ᣿ΪʲǼķʽһ㶼ΨҲˣһС˵зݵĶһ 

ܾûİ˲Ӧûڵһʱȥһ𣿿˼ȴûУңת뿪Ϊʲ᣿ 

Ϊ͹ϵˡִ˼Իһ˧ҲûǰӪĸоȳƣǸܺõ¼ӣ֮ǰҡ䲻 

ֿʼˣ˧һŮѡ˵ҲСءոչ̨СһֱͿҾڳԴԴ׵ʸûС 

ǽȥ𣿡 

ǿɶҲͷҲܶһֻͨҪ뿪ͺãҾ;ĺʹ˺ѵʹ 

ûͻȻ汻һֻץסҵұץһҪˣĽŲŸոԭڶ˵ᣬֿʼ͵ᣬǰһʱǶζʱⰡ 

ˣ˵ҪĵĲŻá 

һ£ͷ͸ողͬûƽĻؿң㲻𣿡 

ֺ˼ˣҴû˵㡣 

ոǸ̬Ǻңߡתֻϻǹᡣ 

֪뵽ǱȥˣԴһ㣬ֵĵطҽ칫뵽СԴֻ˼룬ϸϳ׷㡣Ҹոյȷˣúö˵֪𣿡 

 

ҪΪܳȥʲ飬ЩչҽʿҪԽι⣿ 

Բ𡭡µСһͷܽ 

ոˣܺ°ɣ 

ţΪûԴңԡԡΪҡΪұˡ㲻ϲˡ۾ˮˡ 

֪룬һҸԺܻ𱬵ģҲΪǰѹ̫˰ɣᱧڻУͷȥҵˮ 

ĲܶࡣҹԹԵı۾ǴڴϣԽԽǣҵĺҲļ 

˼ԡͣͥǰԵصĳԼֹͣҴڴ 

ðɣȷŹˣϻȥԹҪȻÿˡ 

ʲ˼Ҫʲ᣿Ҳ 

ֻааЦһ£ȻƵҵβԽԽ𾢣Ҷߴ˵㣮˵أ 

㡭㡭 

ҳԾģЦ˳߻زȥһ·һڸոյδָ 



28 

صῴĽҩˮͲͻȻиʣǿʵǰѧҽɣ 

šͷŪõһͲԼʮ幫ֵͲõǰ 

뵽һҪҽλεǰȥȻһ¡ 

ΪҪҽаǰҽѧʶûǣˣˣôĻǸô򣬹ԡ 

͵ԵֵĴҰģҲԸȥǰ 

֡ҡҡͷЦЦ 

ɡҲҪƨɡɥɣɣǰֿı˳ҡ 

ÿƣжڵûãԹ԰ѿ 

ֱ۾ͺҼǴҰģ˿һʰˡ 

ҪҰǷǳ 

Լצ쵽ҿͷǰϾŵס֣ǲĵʵֱ۾ͺûй涨һҪƨƨ 

Ϊãֱ۱ȽʹƨɵĻΪȽϲио 

𣿡ῴҪˮĴҰģҺܻ˵Ļ 

ԼҪȻԶ֣һ 

ѡѣءҾȻ˱ѿӡһ߰̾£һ߶Ს˷ڿһСǣͿ˰ɣ 

šӦһĴд¶ǿСƨƨ֪ڲƾ 

ҪɣҪȻѲȥ 

มȻɣǲ֪ػֻҪñעͻܽŰ 

ɣѾͷŶˣ⣬СԴ治֪װʲȥϰ˼롣 

˵ɶҪǸĻš 

òװ룬ӹոյľƾ޻עĵط 

㡭㡭ɿͬʱͻȻһͷһҵĲ˿ͬͷڿ㱻ϥǣŵĴһ 

붯ͬ˫ȴѹڲϣҵ壬ͳɤϷڲҪʼԴ涼װЩҲͺİһºˡ 



29 

ڴߣҪѹһỬذȥڴʱͻȻϵʧˣһ˲ȴұϴȥ 

۾ɰ 

Цݣȴίͷ۸ҡԸöӡ 

᣿ˣһҲٷſ㣬Բٷſ뵽ȥﾡǿɬ뱯࣬˵԰Ļ˫۽סң뿪 

ǰᷢʲˣ˾ҲһֱʳĻϧǣһ£ڵĴҾŵͷĿ˼˵Ĳӿûлشҵʻȴ˵ҸжѵĻ 

֪ҵ𣿵ʧ٣һεΪһʧȥ㣬һΣѾξˣˣҪһ·ʧȥʹ࣬𣿡 

ʹҸжĵͷ 

ԣΪѹøЩϢ˵԰ɣߵȻһɨղŵıʹһ˿˿ʤζ 

ʲϢû˵꣬ϾʹһȵĸдǷŴĳۣҿϷЦ⡣ 

ðȻװȻᲩȡҵͬ飬춷ԼǰһֻƵ֣˷ť۾ȻڸղӵʱĽ⿪ˣɫ˼ԣ 

ŸȴѹϴҶãɶɶɶİСֲҵĴ˭ͷɫһȥǸһͷһӣˣĻܽʵ͸һǽһһѹҾһСݣûξͺܺˡ 

𽥻ȣСıͷҵĿͷ׷ûط㣬ȴֲʧᣬߣ֪֮ҪǸҵĳûºӡһÿ 

ǿŭ죬˫ֿʼ˴εĹӵؼƻֻǰû˸СͷᶺŪĸо˳ϱŪʼɢءҵŭʼˣŪû¾ʧˡ 

šһ£񴥵һ£˺ܲ˼£ǰֻСܱܵοﵽ߳ʱŻĸо 

มҵеˣ𣿡ĻָǸҿƲסĵطСܵһ̧ͷͦˡ 

ş̌סԼ죬˵©ȴҵ֣õһ¡ 

Ҫ 

ɡǡᡭᱻ 

ˣסĿ豸ģ֣ɣвأԷĴУһûС 

һ̼£ʹƫƫ־Ȧסҷйֿʱȴ˵ԼҪҡ 

˵߽ԼĿͷ⿪¶Ǳһ˵ĶҺˡ 

ءҪʹ˼ǰҩʹҪ󻬼 

Ҳԣʹһ᲻õģȥԱ߹һ󻬼һ뿪Լˣأ 

Ҳҡͷ˵ȴߺߡֻҪһ뿪ҾԼѣ۸ҵ³ 

ЦͻȻйɲõԤУῴֻҪһ뿪ͻԼΪ˲һܣֻίһˡ 

Ҫʲ᣿һֵ̿ĿƤҵְڴͷϣСңûá 

ᡭϷʼˡӹó󻬼ааЦһ£ҵྐྵȻԽԽ졣 



ҲûЩɫԼģҪѹס֡־Ȼ°Ǹ˵ĵط˲񴥵һһ¡ 

ͻСҪҽĻҪûǸո͵ܳȥ°ɣ˵߶Ū°Ҫλķ 

ҪǿһһϮֲ֪Ľϵı 

УӦԼû԰ɣ㿴Ū¶Ѿʪˡ 

ءϼӿٶȣǿҵϮԲҷͷҲҡ 

ҪĲҪͻȻͣˣ뱬Ŀ޴йʹұƳˮ 

۸ҡˮϻ䣬ȴǽǾ޴޴ɷ˿񳯡 

ûа㿴ҺҡͷҾͣˡ 

޹ĻˮӿءöӺöӣȻ۸Ϊ֣ҪǱѹסãԼ˫ȥйˡ 

ǴỹҲҵģԣˡתΪᣬֶû£ȳ緢˳ 



30 

󻬼شߣƿڣЩ͸ҺָϣȻֵ˫룬ԽԽ£һĸдСڴ˳ڴ˼£ʼתսѨڱڡ 

šܽɣڲһָѾЩȥˣһʹġ˫м䴫ߺ 

ǡǾͲҪоָڶѨ˵һ仰˵á 

ȷﶼ˻˵߶һҷĸѾҪйӷ겻ҲԽˡ 

㡭㡭뷢йȴַйˣϲ²µĸоұѹʼᡣ 

ޱޣҲΪ֪ʹǵһΣӦ˵߼ٳ鶯ָʱιɦɦŪҸ뷢йˣƫƫֽҷĸԽԽ֡ 

Ҳˡء˼ԡĻܲʹʹӾֻСҷйĿƫƫһǵͷһۡ 

һ£ˡ˵߷Žڶָһٵĳ鶯ѹ 

һ󷢲еĵطҵˣȻԱԼǰ͸ЩҺ 

ҵˣ֮ǰطһЦһ£ָѹңǺһȵ嶥Ķڡ 

˼ԡء춿ϿˣҼųʾ粨 

֪֪ԼҲգԼӲʲ̶ˡ˵߽ƤҵȥɫǼظԴ 

Ҫˡߺȴֹס˼ĻԴͷƺҲ̲סˣͺһҵƵϣҺĻסľоļͦѨڴĥĥ䡢ʼʱҪͷһ 

ССˣд㡭Ǹˡ 

ƾճֵĴͶ磬ĸ˶һ£ǶѵĶ࣬һαƾʧ 

̫ͻȻݷ𱻽ˮȻΪŵȥҲʱ򣬰Ǹ㶵˸ߵһȥ¿㵽ȥ 

С㲻ߣ죿ĳС 

Լߣ˭۸ҡڲڸһϧ 



31 



ϴ˸ˬˮ裬ֻɫǿԼһ¡ëʪܵͷŰ˳ȥһ۾ͼĳֻɫɫǳѿڲ˴Եϡ 

ǺҪ˸븹Ҵ˸ 

һǹŵġĳɫ˵ 

ǺǡɵЦߣϴԹԵĸǺޱ㴦ˣ 

ϻһۡ 

ȥϴ֡ 

ߣȻдģƫƫȴ޷۷硻ֻ÷߷ߵ߽ԡҡ 

ǳԱģã۸ҵ³Ҷޱ͵ЦΪɶҪ㣬һǺĳɫǻ᲻߶ʮһӲϹ 

Цû 

ͷҺŬĿ飬ƿޱװ޹˵ûЦ 

û˵ʲᣬشߵϣʼҴ۵Сۡ 

㡭f𣿡 

ҵϢʱ䣬Ȼf 

ǿɲԿʼ˵¸һԴ۾۹⣬ʼ 

˵£ʵ 

ǰǰᷢʲˣ 

㰡ص鵱εǰһģһ˿䣬Цݡ 

ѾˣȻǵȽȤŬڣ˶ɺá 

ܸˣǲ˵˵һʱ˯ˣῴǵ˵߹µıС 

ǹ 

ˣɣһ¸ô￪ʼ˵𡭡ǰǸ˽ˣȴ˽Ĳסһ£˵һֵĻҲողͬǸ⡣ 

˵ɡǰɱҵˣҲ֪ΪηŹң˵һ£ǰڶǰʹҰǵģһֱǰ㣬ҲΪԭ˽뷨˽ΪҲ뱨𣬼ʹϱǧծһ 

ǡҸո˵ˡ˽Ĳףʱʱ©һˣҵףҵãʱӹһ٣ҲΪÿÿҪɱ㣬ȴΪԥӶֵĺܲ졣 

Ͷ˶ү߻һϵеİɱȴʼձƻˣҲΪ˳²ŵò֮Σֻȷ䡣 

Ҫǡ˽ͺˡ޷ˣΪ˾ֻǰȥү棬û뵽ϺȴסòˣҪ 

˵ȭͷǸж˺ݺݴһٲŸƵģ֣סοѾȥˡ 



32 

һѡ£ʱɽ¿ȥҵһҲȵףӦûʸȥ˵ģǵʱȴͷˣΪʲΪѵ飿ûɱǼˣҲûжԲסǣ㣿 

ʱѪҲûϼһУһֻܻȵѰ㣬Һֻˣ̶־㣬վҲɿҲʱ佨ǼªľݣΪԷſһʱǸϼһˡ 

˵Ҫʱ佫㹦סһҩң˵ģûҩֻ˵Ϊ˷ס㹦ģΪѹҩζģĲԸͷȴ˵ҪҲѹȥˣ˵˽ĲףҪȻҴɲƫƫΨһס 

ʱʹ࣬һԼˣһԼѪףһŮԱѾʹˣ˵䵱˻εϵʱŮ˸ڣҪѡ 

˵ĳˣϣҾӦҪˣõֻҡ 

ҲʥˣҲõ㣬ƾҵʱָ䲻㣬ֻĴССĻԺ˽£ҩģʹòģҲܵõ 

ɫǣѹÿζ˼ġԲѡߺߡɫǣԭһǰǡĴɫһֻֻǱ䱾ѡ 

ʵԼ֮⣬Բѵԭһÿҩ͵ȥͷһ״Ϊ˲˯ѨֻҺܺ棬㵱ʱʩȥǺʱĹ 

ûȻ벻ϾʱԼ֪ҸѪΪ˵İ 

˵ʱǻʵûʧ٣һֱڰ㣿֪Ļ 

˵˵˵ҲҪˡӵĿһ£Ȼתͷȥס֡ 

ʵʱ𡭡ǰҾѾˡ 

Ǹǰȥ˵𣿡 

˼òһֱˣ 

εĵͷ˭ִ֪˳ȥǰռǰ壿 

ҲǹҪƭģֻǡҵʱֻǡ֪˵ʵǸ𡭡Ҫ˵ִȥС㲻šԾ͡˵ҡɥʧˡ 

㻹ʲң 

ûУûˡ൱ãҸϿҡͷֻ֪ҸǰȥŴȻᡭȻᡭĪİˡءǲˣҪҡĺܰ㣬ǹҪƭҼˣĺΪƭĹϵңȻǰأصϣԼ𣬿һֱܺʵֻǰңϾʱ˵ʱǲִ֪С 

ҺǰұϾͬ˰ 



33 

Ĳ˵ҼĲ֪Ǻã̲סҪʼʱˣ㰮ң 

ţ˼ƴͷ 

֪жమҡ 

һ˿ûˣҪҪŻŵҲûע⵽޵ĻЦһֻ֤Һܰ 

ҡ 

ףͺ𣿡򵥣Ŵۿ 

Ȼһ»ҪҾֻ֪Ըǲ򵥾㣬Ϊ˱ҺܰһǺ˼ 

ӵİԼƵǰһ¡ 

ҪǣĽǣֻ׶㻹顣 

ĻܲζȻҸȣɶ񡭡˾зĶϰģƫƫ˵ƭҰֻáֻáͨĴλͷŽѧҵļɣǻȥ 

Ľ˫ֻסľ𽥼ǣǵԼʼתû˺ˡ 

ǰŬֱ뿪һһֱǱۣ֪⣬ûҺ¿ûбģ 

нǻû˵ĻɿӦ 

ͻȻֱץסֱƶĳͦȵĵطɣ 

ҳԾſ̧ͷûɶ㶵ĵͷȥϵǸװĳ 

֫ʲ֪𣿡 

㶵̧ͷĻҡҡͷ 

ͷȵϢҶԵһӻ 

ǰɡɡ֪Ӷ͸ˡ 

Ǳƻ˰㣬׵ͣ˫ϥأǰĸ߶ǰ 

倣ԭûۺõĿͷĳصİڿڿǰˣǶǰ 

סǻȵ壬˾Ƶģǰô 

ոһǣ׼ҧ 

ȥˣɣǱľģʼһεĿڽͷ촽óǶҲԽԽ׳󣬸ȡ 

Ҳ֪˶ãĬͺʱûԤǶһҲĳҺ 

ȥ 

㲻ɵĻί̬ȴԾɹԹ¡ 

Ὺʼֳ̬һ㰮Ҳܲ 



34 

ˮˣ쵰˼ԣҲҰҶѾز㾹ȻǸģѵΪҲĿǰҾ 

Լϲ˲ϲԼԼϲ裬ҲǹҪƿġԽԽģڵҧԸⷢޣҾܱ 

Ȼұһѱĳ˵ȣұ߿ޱɶĻѵҪ¿ӭ㣿 

ƫƫȲȦסӣҶãֻҧ߿ޱ˵ҪǸҧԾ㿴Ұ㵫ʾû㲻ҿ˵Ҫˣ 

𣡡ԲҲˣĿҲˣ̧ͷʵĿֻһǸЦ 

ޣҲãոֻ뱨һˣҹġ 

ʲᡭ 

ʵ֪㲻ǰСˣ㻹ڻУǾͶ˵ˣ֪Ե£ǻصǰȥˣһֱڵ 

ˣҲ㣬ЦҴЦԱɿЦƣ˭ʹʹ۸Ҿ͸ñ죮 

֪㺦Ҷ𣿣һΪһΪֻǰСҡֻ뱨ǰƭ˵ɥʧ䡭쵰ˣǷˣƫƫȴԽԽ࣬˭ոŵҹǺ 

úúãҲˣޡ̲סˣסϷݵȭͷȻҴһ¡ 

ߣ㡺Ǹܺÿ𣿡ȻûͷĳԽԽӲͦϣоرԣֲ 

롭ĳ϶һ¡ 

ͷһ¸ֳ죿˵ȣߺߣҾƫԸ 

ϴȥɺãεĴÿӣ͵͵﷢ЦһŴʯ£ʵڻǻǰʱһֱңƫƫֲҶ˵ʱһ˵ڣͻҶȥ 



35 

ÿߵ˵飬ȴһ㲥˳ȥ˵ͻȻ񻯵ĲҪȥȻ£֪죬ҪȻȥˡ 

ڴϸ˵ķȥ´￪ĵĺأþһֱҪǱҲǰҸ죿Ҫû뵽ԭ֪ˣұǰҪ顣 

һ뵽ոģȳ棬Ȼû꣬˺ܡ˼ﻹζ뵽Ǹǳǿ׳Ĳλ⡭ԼСܵܶʼˡ 

ԼС̧ܵͷļҸϽ´ȥٳһ衣 

ԹͣûͷɫǣҲûٳֹһĵķѾһεС˵ԽƤԽأͻȻ˦˦ͷ˯ҡˣȻ´Ȼĳ˽ҹԹԴڴϣĵĺܣڲߵ࣬˯ĻҹһΣһɫĲ˷˵ġ 

͵͵⿴ȥиߵϣӰǸһɫ׼ñӵˣῴ˵ģܼ򵥰Ϊ·ձһ˸ȣһȵһ߶ߵٶ൱̧ŶѣӺҪȥݣСһҪػ˵ҵģҿȥ˵ϲҪȥݰҷȥ 

ֽӴɲǣҲ׷ʲ飬һʹȿʲʱѾвˣһֻǽϣҵˣ˫Žأ벻Ҳӵ֡ 

ѹܺˣ˼ԡ硭硭 

ˣģ߹æĲ˼ȣ˵ĸҲҵһЩСסԣģ㰲İɣ 

ϵڶȥһŤµɶٵһȴһԴ治ҵļ׷ӿ롭Ȼֱ֪棬Ҿ֪˭ưļǳդĿţ㲻һǰ顣 

˵ǰǸҳΪү˵غˡ 



36 

һͲףǴϵĺӣԼĳһȥԴˣλǱԼΪסȴҳΪףǡү 

ҵĸףԸĺӣǺ֣֪ʵ֮ǰһֱΪǸĸСûԭҵĸһֱߡ 

Ľ𽥳ҵɹ߰ѵ顣 

ΪҵԽԽǽϻŮˣÿὫҵŮ˿ѹȥЩ飬Ҳûá 

ΪʵֻΪϲ˽ӴŻĽ£ҵȻᷴöΨǴӣԶֱ̬ԴûжӦֻǱ뿹ܶѣҾǲϲңȫûκθоûκθ顣 

һΣЩңһƣǺĸ׵֣ҵǱ㺦ģҲù仰һֱʮ궼֪ĺӡ 

ǻŮ˵֮֡ǰʱڻǰ֣֪ޣȴ֪ҵԽԽĻ 

й꣬һʼνΪûʲĿֱ꣬ʮ꣬뿪 

ûĿԼ뿪Ϊй󣬶ǡҳԵĶ 

зҳԵģΪԵԼĹȻʿǣһ뵽ϼһܻΣ֣˺ˡҾĲ 

һֱҶڰŵǸϼһˣԺڰɱǸ˾ңģֻǣûκ֪ˡ 

ʮʱͷţ˲ţԭСһֱߵһ֮⣬ǡ˼ԡҲˡ 

ǰվһԿңҲǲֻ֪ǡûа˵ĶԣҲĬĬߣ߰İ 

ÿһεĻ㱨Ҷʱȥ߲κˣû֪ҺϼһĹϵҲû˻֪ϼһ飬⸱Ƥģɱծַʽɣ 

ֻԽԽ޷ȥ˼ԣϡҾȻ֪˼ĵĴ󡭡 

ʮ꣬ҷܣ֪ϼһֻҪһǿʲ鶼ɣΪ˲ȥ˺˼Ժˣ뿪ţһ˶ɽȴ֪ĵȻǣ 

ҳ˴Ĵħͷȫ֪ʲᡭֻ֪ɱеˡ 

һ·ɱκˣ䣬ֻ֪һɱɵҿһʱ˶ͣסˣǸˡ˼ԡûκʶҾȻڿᣬ˹ͷԼȾ˲֪˵ѪҺһİ˰ɫ˫ϵѪʪǬǬʪĸоҷǳܣûãԴһѣ֪ѵӲˣҿܣһѪϴĴׯϵط֪ĸᣬ˽͵͵ȥϡҴ壬 

ԣ˼ԻҲȣļңĴ塣 



37 

ʹĿңϵˣҲ˵ˣԾҪɱһҪŹңʱҵֿʼˣ֪ԼٲϵĽҲУ֣ܶҾŬһֻסϵʹѹѪжһƫ˼ձ߲һѪ۴ϻ˳ 

ҳûԼʶϽ뿪ҺιԶҿƣһ·ţʱѾ˴׽ңһᣬ˵ɽɽϣҪҹԹԻȥүǺǡЦһȥˣ罫ûܵеĹħͷԣһͷһֻۣ˵ˣҲ彻ȥ 

ˣɽ£ҿԼƵֻʣûжҾĿҪҵĻ᲻һ˵Щûˡ 

㶵ĿԼʬʱӰվǰ˴Сʱ͸ߣҳȫûϵı仯СʱһֱҴŵʱһֱңǸϼһҲ֪ǵĴڣǣҲڣСʱһĿͶ̥תȥˡ 

ϼһﵽڶΪ˲ţȫûСκϵˣҲκϵˡ 

һҡ治ҰҶ˵仰֪һĵܿĵң֪ǲͨˣϣܻԼһ㡭 

һҡûҵĿأֻҪֶһҾͻԹ裬ûҡ 

һʲһͻõʲֻϣһңܹ˼ԵĳޣҲܡ 

ȥɣȥɣǻģǶĻر 

ЦЩˣҲ֪ʲʱǶ飬Ҫңİˡ 

лл仰ҵҲʼ䵭ˣҽһ¶Цݡ 

ļ䣬ʵֻһ˲ѣһ˲䣬Դǰļȫӿ˳ 

ҿҲӵˣ˵ˣһڵ壬Ҳ壬ûʵ塣 

ǺǺǺǡһ꣬ҵȵתͶ̥ˣǰΪʧȥˣҲΪ㣬ʧȥӵеһУƸȨơΪ㣡 

˵սֻԼҪɴ㣬Ҫˡ 



38 

ʶԵ״̬ʱŴ򿪵ӰѸٳ˹һˣһסҡ 

ȿȿȿȣºŬõʹˮζһȻ˵˾úˬζ 

ûˡסҵ˵ˣ̧ͷһ£ҮȻȻ 

ꣿԾ֮ţûʶԼ˵ʲỰⱧҵļһ˵ĻᣬȻ˫һɣҾڵϣƨɺ͵ذܽӴʹҰС 

Ľס㲻ϣ㻹ꣿǸ˵һۣߵЦῴ;ǹģЦйթġ 

꣡Ҫ֮ǰҪ֪ͨˤʹСƨɣվվǰľǰ㣬Ǹڰ˵˲֪ˡ 

˵ڵ𣿡꿴ҵһֽСڿ׳աĶұͷʱҲ˵ߡ 

ˣҲǰļ𣿡 

Դ˼ģʽ˻ԳҪǲǵǰʲ᣿ǿɶҺ붯ִˣ֪Լһ򲻹ϾһȫûܹκѵϿոѸٷɱӣ϶ѵصļһ 

ߣ򲻹ʾܿ԰ɣ 

Ȼ˻ûõļһźɫ˵ˣǻҵĶ֡ 

ɫ˵꣬ȫɫ˿ߣ֩㳯Χ˹ʱƶǰһȻڵӣȫûκνŸУΪʲ᲻£ΪѾתˣҲܻǰ࣬źɫ˵һ꣬ҲŶʮ꣬ĻŵĶ֡ 

ʱֻͺóһһǼϸϸ룬һóһƿںɫԹܣ滹ľ 

еϸͶȥͬһʱ䣬ľ򿪣ƿҺ塣 

ֻµĲҽ˿ȫ˻ڡ 

ʲᶫҺʵ 

ͭ룬ѪǺڹѪһο˵ 

һһ£˵úˤĻɶǲɱڹรᱻʿҮ̫˵ˣ 

ͷʹǣ˵ݣͰɣڸ˵ȥһʧְǹ 

ЦЦ˵ͭʵǸӤͷǹǰݴ̥ëڹѪĺڹѪǸӤ̥ѪˮΪӤǳأԸõġ 

һȻı飬ǽ¶ɻӡ 

βҿڣ˵֪ɣҽԺֶǺõġ 

һλȻı飬ҡҡͷ̾ 



39 

źɫӵ࣬𣬺ܲȶ 

Ϊʲ᲻ŹңҶѾתˣǰһҶҪĺˣΪ㻹ǲŹңǰңȻĽǰĮϢٴα˳һ 

ӡ⿪ˣҡ 

Ҳ֪ʲǼӡĿ 

Ϊ˲뵽ȥ罫ǰӡˡ 

һ߽һעźɫĶ 

ǰǵǰԼʱ˵һҪԼǱ˲ٿصżȻǰļ䣬Ȼ̫תһ˵ӦöǲǰŶԲ𣿸οְҼ˷ӡỹأ 

ǺǺǺǡЦҮЦ˼Ƥ 

ҵģʱͱӡתʲطֻҪңͻԼ˭Ķ벻ɣźӰЦ˵ʱӰʵͦġ 

ǵΣҲںĻصʹǵ㣬ҲʲӣˣħֻһȻûС˵дֻԪ˸ɲܱее˸˻ȥɷҪȻҲᴩ⸱ͷģʰ߶ÿˡ 

㣡źɫƺ仰Ĳᣬ־Ҳƺг嶯˹ӡ 

ǰǷѾˣҩҲˣĿҲﵽˣģ֪һԹҵ࣬ҲڵڣֻҲ׵ԭ˵Ӧóħ˲Ŷԡ 

˵ɣ֮ᷢ顣˼Եֻݲȵߵסҵʵûˣ 

ûСҡҡͷֵˣ 

ţǸ˱ýԺģȻᲡͻȻ񻯣ģȻʱһпǻһֻɿĳĵطֱƽʱѵأһ޲ްֻǸ˵ѾʴԵˡ 

û顣ҵĵĳλ˿ţûٵκζ 

ְֻˡϴһȫأɫЦһڣӰߡ 

磡磡ҿĵȥס磬Ҳû¡ 

һȻϴαӵˡ˵ 

ţܸܲҽ˵һ֮鰡ҵڻǲʲˡ̧ͷ硣 

˵ɣ˼֣˻ȥ˵һֱ֪顣 



40 

죬ҩᣬ߿ѪѪȴɫġ֪𣿵ҿ㲻ٶЦҲˣӣҵжʹ֪𣿡˼˵˵ϵӾ磬§סңҪҍƵġ 

ڶ뿪ҡҾһֱ㣬һֱµģΪ㻹һλ 

Ҳ֣ı 

ᣬԼʱ仹ûǰˣҪҽ彻ʱ㲻ſȴ˳ҪǡǺЦʧȥŷҵжҪʱҡݲ˵ӰֻרעĿ㣬һУʱɱҲ֪ 

˼˵Ҷĳһܻܲסȥɱİ˵жǿң˼Ľס˵ȥˣھߣģЩǹȥˡ 

ǰ˼ع˼ԣͷң춻˸ҰĵЦݣ˵ʵʱѾνˣҲ֪Լж޴ʧȥ㣬ʲᶼҪˡ 

֮ᣬʬ壬ȴ̽ǷŹּ֣ɱã˶ĶֵûþͰˣڱ㷢ͻȻоһʪȣִͷһƬдؿһﲻɫҺ塭 

˼ֿʼɢˣϽһ£ιҪݽȥˡ 

üεЦһ£֪ʱ龰ʵӡ̰һ 



41 

üεЦһ£֪ʱ龰ʵӡ̰һؿ˸󶴣ȵɫѪҺһֱӿɫﻹҲֱ֪˿ҷƵ뽫ȴһдĵѪ޺޵Ŀȥ 

찡Үһ࡭ҿ³ˣѹ˼ɫѿֳӾ̼Ը¡ 

֪ΣС˵һʼһõıΣ屻ῪʼѪģ˺ݽĸ򱬳ԴΪһŹͷԽĵǡ 

СǲǿֲС˵̫ˣ治ðЩС˵㿴ҡҡͷ̾ 

ҮѵҰѸոЩʶ˵ˣ 

û£ֻǳ˰ħˣû仯ȴ˺ܶ࣬һԲĶ֣ҲҺ˰ħ˶ħˣͺѰƽˡ˵߲мĿ塣 

˵Ҳ£ǳΪħ˴ž˽ش˺ˣ˵ǳΪħˣѵԴ󣬲ŻʧܣҪȻΪħ˶ħأҰʴͶ硣 

ʵ̸˵⵱УѾǽйֻΧƺһ㿴͸ǽסÿÿײǽϣȥС 

ν˵˵⣬Ȼ꣬˷ܵľ˵ң֪Ҳ˻Ӧش𣺡Ȼһǿĺϼһ﷢ԼûıҲܾȣĵ˵õķǹȥħѰʱרʹõģΪˣԲܸħǿԣֻܳΪħ˶ѡ 

Ҿ˵ÿ飬һܳϡǲܵ 

ƺҶıӣҲĵһ£ʹǰħˣ˵Ƕġ 

⸱ģģҿ͸ǽ˵ܰԸ˵İħ˱ģӦλĹͰɣ̧ͷˡ 

˵ˣģʼ磬һ̯ⶼҪԼˣڤҲȥΪĹϵڤ̫ãҪһ˽ĻԼæ 

ڤ綼ˣоԽԽĳġסľ飿ħڤ硭˭ 

һʳо߶ҿϰԵ˼Իһ£Ȼͷϵ˵֣ 



42 

λիЩ㵵Ŀ˵ֵ˼ԣû뵽͸ͷԴĵ֡ 

ҶԳҵǰȻλҵûɶоҲûԹûΪɶҸ˼ˣƫҪѡ̬ԼӶˣҪȻҾͿԲóҲȥ 

˵ףǧǸ̬Ĵʵ룬̬ӦڻǰѾԤıˣЩҩҲ֣׼һӣֻΪӲԸֳˣҵҲῴаˣ˵ҲǱƭĿˣ˲簡 

ǽأǸ˵ʲ飿 

˼һҴܵӡ 

޹ĻҶǸ˾İһҪȻҪݣ 

ûҲͲˣԣҸлҲ 

ʵֺܼ򵥣˼Ե˵£ҵ֪λŮʿڤ˽лѾ˰ħλλŮʿõʱһֱͶ̥תΪ˵ȴκģȲ˾ˣᾹҪ˽ȥȰ;Ҫǲɱۡ 

ݵĵȻһѪȴֱ˵İϷˡ 

ֻҪ˶иͨǾǵȨѾȨһᣬǲܵ顣 

һȫУǸͰǾء񡭡 

˫ԭƽ򶷹ӵĹȰɳУֻ޹ĵɷĽȥΪѾ볶ȣԺɱΣУҴļǸɷƵƵ˰ܣҪƲõ˲䣬ȴȻɷӸҲΪһԭûɢĻֻܵʧ˶ѡ 

λ¸ҵŮҵĸ״ȴΪɷ˴󲿷ֹʹԭֻʣɢˡ 

Ǹ˵Ĺ²𣿿ƫƫȴûаʹеֻ볰̬ǰļԸ˱仯ʵŮˣ˻˴µŮˡ 

ǰֻʣԪħǻǿҸ飬ῴǸ˹ȰƵͣԣŮỹǴˡ 

ֻʣԪ񣬶ǻħأҾͲĺ˱һ粻ǸӵңǸħﱻʣԪѡŮ˳Ǵ׵ľٶ 

иŮ˶԰äĿģĸһУŮ˵Ҹİɣ 

Һʼ˸ѵ 



43 

ý˰ɣڽײӰͷ˻ǲҪĺã³ͦҵġ 

֮ĨӰˣʲַͲͨƽܿĳ 

Ȼ⼸˸Է⣬Ǹסа飬Ȼˡʣ 

Ժֵǣ˼Զ͵ǵȷͨˣһʱǸиԵĹ˽ȴڽӳħĹⶼùǸˣµľӡֻ㣬ҲС 

һȻ飬˵ֻǱȽϵһ㣬ûİæһʹǰļ䣬Ϊԭ򣬽ļӡסˣʲᶼ벻 

มԭѹǶԭСͿʼԼ 

zyzz 

ȫĻˣҲ뿪ҽԺѧУȥϿΣֻһȥȷһɧԭΪôҶҺʹ缰ˣû뵽Ҷǵ൱ΣԼ˱׷õһԱ 

󲿷ֵ˹ȻƤˣǱģĻһ¿ξһңǹﱻ˸ʽ飬ģǰᶼûߺߣ 

ڸǻһܣһ¼һΣǵͬ⣬ڰȥ˼һסֻæĺܣ϶ʱżҪǽӵҽԺ绰ֵϸȥҽԺǺϧһʱ䣬ֻܲ˼Եһ㣬ǴɫǵĻܵص㡢ʱ䣬ֻҪ뷢ͷ飬Ŀ˵̰Уʱ򶼵ٲѧ 

˵ֻ˶ĳǰһˣһȻҲǣһһһһû¾ߴӣȻϲңȻ֪һָǰ䣬ΪҸϵת䣬Ҳǰ˵һ㣬ҾС󣬶ÿζڱɽǰԼֵֻȮʱĺ١ 

µǽˣţӦǻңԣļȥ 

˼ԣȻ͵ҵռǣң 

มԭֻɫǰǾͼոյ˶ 

ҲŲҪգˣҪϢҪ·ɫǣš 



 

