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Ϊһ׽ʶү 

үһο͵ɵۣ 

ºǿаؾǡ 

Դӱ""Ժ󣬾û±үŪ 

ֻƭȾƣԺʱռˣ 

˸ 

ܲүһͷɫ 

㳤ô˧ 

ҲܾôצԸĨѽ 

Īˣʱ⣬ 

ʱˣʹԨ 

ɱǧĻүҪΪƽû 

ԽŪڹ֮䣬иԵ 

ôֵļһٲ뿪"С" 







1 



ѾʱˣǲǰһģΪᱻԴڻúõĳڲϣҪ˵ʲôʹ࣬ҲֻҵѣΪѾ䷿ʱ͡ 

һжһֱԲǸͷСΪʲôҪҴؾ 

һǰ磬ƽʱһѧڻؼҵ·ϣͻȻҵ֣طӵŮΪ⣬ԺЩкһ飬ң֪֪ϲңĶֻ֪֪Ҳϲ 

ܵǰЦӯӯ˵ϵĵƻᣬ˵ǽʷ¡صģȥȥ 

ȥҺͲԼһȥ 

ҵĻشʲô𣿲ͻȻ˺¶һߣӽ̹ģӦǽûɣı飬һҵļһҴû˵ᣬ۸˼ң 

ԩϷӣôҲʮд£ǲףҺ۸ˣ 

һãȻ˶ţصһѣôͲ˼ҵ˼ 

෢ŭˣСҲĥĥԼжݰͰ͵ӹǣǽôһվȣֱֱĳȥ 

飡 

ѽ 

ž 

ײһӲӲϣˡѽһƺʲôûȣڵϡžһˤˡ 

ãҸϽתһ۾ͿһصӣӵǱӦǺôһ 

⣡ﰵп̧࣬ͷҵ߶ˣҲǸײĵùûзӦͷһص 

ԲסԲסλֵ֣ǮˣȣæһǸ 

ҵĻʲôΪʲôһλȻ̧ͷһ͵䵽ϣ 

ѽҵ죬úڵһҪҵĴǻų 

ҡ 

Ҹ˵ģͻȻ۾ķŭʧˣȡ֮һŨŨĲ죭˵ƺһ㣡 

ҵʲôʶ̧ԼɵĻ 

ͻȻ֣СӴͦˣ󻹸ĸӡļҵүװڵôʵ 

ԲԣΪʲôǼӣҲһּı鿴ңѵ粳˵ҵѾ˾޵ĵز 

үСһƺ̽Ľһ 

ûӦСȻںڵң˰Σڿڣ˴ȥһӣҪǵԴ 

ƣ̾ĳͷүģӦǣңҵѾͷ𴲸ҵıӣ˵ҳ𣿲ãҲʲôʵ顣 

УСӣҲҴظȥȻõ 

ţҸҪٵͷͻȻӦʲôʲô͵صһ 

˵仰СһתȻͷҲصˣಽȥֻʣֱֱ߹ 

˵İɣҳǴŹ 

һһҵıֱץסһֻ첲 

Цˣλ磡ҾԼҪ޳ˡ 

߰ɣһһ̧°͡ 

ƾʲôץңûˣһǵһôǿӲţ´κҵıӣֿѽԣ⵱ھȻ뵽ɸ첲ֻһצεţôҲ 

ſңſңҴ󺰴УŤͷȥҲ࣭ѾͷƬӼȵ۹⣬͵ش˸£ȻȻһŤͷˣ 

Σѹͷģز࣬ҽʶˣ 

ſңһ·СУ֪š 

ѵǺСӾ֪˵ݣģ·׽Ҫɥڴˡ 



ϣ֪ûҲûؽΣֻǱӽһͷ˸͹ɫȻ 

ֻĶԷھַˡ 

ְӶߵִߵߣߵſڣ̽һţ֨ѽһſˣϣžȻû 

һϲܳҿԷǽܣȻ˵˲Ӧʧ£Сⶫռ˼Ｘ 

ƾһֻ첲סҵȥ·һ㶣ŤͷһſھȻһһվˣǰڽʱںСǼе 

ʲôһüëҴǺСӵһҲˣű 

ŭһڣȻͿģҼүϾͻ빫Եһ 

ô۾ѲҪˣ 

ǾƲᣡġ 

ҷ˽䱸Ҫô 

ү˼˵ôҲ£ӱΪˡ 

ҡһʱᣬָԼıӵǣΪǣ 

Ǹ֪ңôΪˣ 

Դð̣ͻȻĹӣ󹧹Ľеү 

͵תǺС߹ɸĸӡߵߣͣһûʲô飬ߵʵʵϣйƣôһҵ˵ˣֻǺɵĻ 

ϸʵһҲڣڽϻôãΪɫ̫ˡڣϸƤ⣬ƤǵСɫȥúܣ˵˵Ƥһ㣬ûʲôҲȹȥ妳˵ҵˣ֣ȻÿҶһͻȥҲ˵ʵ 

ҶҿϿ¿øˣͻȻˣ 

ȥ㸮ˡ 

ţһʱûӦֽ˵ 

ѾҪ㣬ڽϵˣ͸һؾ 

͵صһ˵ʲôʲôĸ˵Ȩҵȥҵͼáݺݡ۹ջղŵĻ˭֪ͷһʾĵͷȻתҪߣ 

ιѻ˵ˣһʱ鼱ȥסɻûѵıߣͱסˡ 

·ӣһӻͳһݵǰӵţѾѹиǼүˡ 

 

ҾĿɿڴʯ 

Уȫҵ𾪣Ѵͷϣүʵǵʥϵߵܣõ·Ժү˵˼Դʣ㡯֣򲻸ˡ 



Ƿôдģ 

 

үͻȻãټҽԾ 

ү裬ʵ·֮ҡȥǣɽˮȫѧĪ˼үأΨѧɣү֪֮;·϶Ϊ֮ 

֡ 

ݲݲ֣ͰҽλүҾŵţῴһ飬һ飬ͻȻз޵ĳ嶯ѽôүҪңͲ᲻Ӧ뵽ԼҪ뿪Сļң뵽Լ᧶ΣСĴ޳ 

գүصǣ 

ϣүû˿ҵԴûУرһСԺסͦ 

֮⣬үСѾͷңһģһӦġÿ糿Ҫ鷿ȥ飬ʱҷ䣬ҪϽֵĻֻܸ֧ӡϵӶѾͷүķԸƺΪ׹ӡ¸صϹܼҰ԰ҲұϹϾ 

·׾ȻҪҫˣĪүͷԲͷˤ񣬵һˣˣ·һˣѽ 



ڶһ磬ұѣ۾ûͱһ˫Сַ׹ӣЩɣүϰ϶飬׹Ҳ鷿źáһ˵һ߰ëݵϡ 

ֽӹĨ˰ 

ЦЦûëʼҲ׹ӣܲϰô𴲣ЩӾͺˡ 

šһشûʲô 

һ죬Ӧһ·߽ 

׹ӣûǣү˻˸ѣԣҪǴС˷ˣӦϾȥһ 

ӦĵĻ˵ÿ죬һҲóƵģǺ 

һᣬһΣѾͷȻҲǱѰűӽ𴲵ĺǲ֪˶ٱ 

ҴǼİɫѣžգ˿ˬˣ妿ˣֻҪ˵ҡԡˡ 

ҶԾĺӦĶЦ˳ 



ȻĺӦһٴߴңǱү˸ȣ鷿ʱѾǶˣֻ鷿ﻹһ׺ͷ 

ףҽţүкҹȥλ̫ÿ鷿֮󣬶Ҫ̫밲 

̫硣Ե 

̫Ŀһۣλ׹ӣʣȻüĿ㣬ʮ㡣 

鷿Σ̫һףүһףʣףȻǸ׼ˣҿʼ̫顣̫ѧʶȻطǿ˰ٱֻүҵҪҲĸߣÿ˿ΣҪһҪϰĶ鶼꣬ûʱȥ棡 

֪УѾס˰£Ҳϰÿ鷿飬ر磬鷿ʱһү磬ߵ鷿ſʱȻүȻȵˣ 

ҪȥͻȻ̫Ϊ˵ͬһŰֽȻһţαٰѲɵ 

ͻȻҵ֣ŵĶ˶١ 

ү֣Ҳֱֻ̫ 

ﰲһү֪һֱң׼ȻѾ˸̫һĽ̵ϼѣһɾͣṼ̫һ̵ 

̫Ȼ̾һ̾شһϣҵĪĿʼֻվ͵Ƿǳǳ治顣 

ŵĺˣ¾ʲôƵģֱ˵ԺſڣҲվסȻصĿһҪ˭Ƶģˣվ˼룬Ҳ鷿ȥ 

ΪʲôҪԼҲס 

߽鷿һ̫밲̫硣 

̫˵ͷתԼλϡ 

סүңǲǺࡣ 

̧ͷСĵĿ̫һۣҲǡ࡯ˡ࡯֣үǸˣ϶һ˼ 

Ȼү΢΢ЦЦϷӽϲϷ͵Ժš 

лүʵҲϲϷѽѽûʲô˼иڿԲڷ飬ΪʲôӦ 



Ϸ̨үԺͷͿʼˡ 

ûһҾͿʼᣬֳ֧ԴϷ̨۾ʼܡ 

ףүչ𣿡 

Ťͷү۾͵صͷ 

ɣүѹ˰ˣûϸڸתҴȥ԰棿 

ģҵ۾͵ˡ 

ţС㣬ҹүĵվҵһѣмһֺ˻ȥңʼСܣԽԽԽԽ죬ҸĽŲ 

һţү͵ͣס˽Ųɲ͵ײϣˡһһᷢɣСĹ۲ɫû뵽ȴƺ鲻ӡ 

ڸʲôزס׵飬ſھ˳ 

Ȼˣүɵ˵ףǸ 

ʲôüëһúõģΪʲôңôͳ˱ˣ 

үڰ֣һˣѵû̫ǹⲼô๦Σ 

⣿ͣΪʲôүǸ̫ѵ㻹Ļ 

Ҳ˭˭Ļү˵̫ǻɸģֶܸߣҪ̫ϸܽңʵҲϷ迴Ϸɲˡ 

ҵ˵ͷͻȻ뵽ʲôе̫ϸܽ㣿ҲҪŵù 

ͬҲܳ 

ˣֲˤ㲻ҹңүԭҪҴң 

ү̿һҵҲǲǲƽϣڶӽԺҽˣûأүЦ 

󣿡ŽһΣϲѣǺ̫һĴˣ 

ϲüҵģƺҲͦˣҵ˵ǱɽҰʱѾĶ͵͵ĲƣǶ㵽ĶȥһߺȾһ죿 

ðҸ˵ͷ 

ҵ֣תת߳һˮ鿣ǰͻȻȻʡһ̶ˮϼһʯţʯŵľͷȻһɽ 

ףƯƯָһغɻҡ 

˵ʵ˵̨ͤ¥ɽˮ㻨ֵеùϣĻ԰Ȼ˵ϽĶ㣬Ȼһ˹ĺۼ 

үҲҵ߹СţתɽﾹȻССͤӣͤʯʯʣٲȻžƺͼµĵģһɴ 

סҵףϷʶԷ⣬Է𲻳ͷһó˾ͷһòã 

ҲȾơ 

ûϵźžͻˡ 

治֪ʲôۣҴûȹƣ˻᳢Ҳ 

á 

Ȳ¡ʯϵɴƣʵףҽ󣿡 

ҶŽ˵ʵͦÿģѧκһͬѧÿҼǵ˵СʱͰ͵ģֻСӣû뵽ԽԽ˳ǳˣ󳤵ôÿҪͷɣ 

ʮҲ² 

͵ô𣿡õʡ 

ǡҸҪס۸ȴһѾƱ 

ˣҽʮߣȾƣ 

۹ȻţֹİѾƱ͵ߣŵһ˱ǵ㣭˵ⶫúȣԭƭң 

̸һﲱһһӾȫ 

ۡ 

ζӺһֱᴩθ˻һ㣬ǡܱˣ 

ȣȿȡԣҲӿ 

Ц˳һֻҵıһֻ˿͵ߣ˭ȵôԿѹһѹ 

Ǹģ 

͵Ŀ֣ÿȡȿȣ㣡 

ãʡѱĿ͵Լߣҧ˿ڵġ 

ҽˣߣһµöҳ彣󼷱Ūۡ 

ʮ 

ҲŴ͡ 

ȥҵʱʹˣ˵Ĳ¾ˣãʮˣԲСã 

ȥСãҺݺݵĵɽһۡ 

ȴûƵģյİҵľƱٵݵߡ 

ȾͺȣҶƱһ 

ۡǹζӺһֱյθʵѹ 

һ¶ǣҾԼʼգԴ˲٣˦һ˦Լģȫûʲôо 

ɴſſķϡ 

ֵʡҵͷҾúûֹף֪֪ҵһο㣬ÿ 

ﶼܺÿ 

۾˵ͣ۾õĽߡ 

ҡҡͷѾƱݵߡ 

ԣб۾Ž 

ԣⱭҾ͸㡣 

ãҹԹԵľŽ֣ѾƺȥβǰΣú˺ܶ࣬ЦȦסĲӣʣң˵ 

һָͷѹҵ촽ϡ 

ءɡʲôﲻ˵ˡ 

ɵףƮƮ촽 

촽촽ʲôÿһֻ첲סĲӣһֵֻ㵽ϣ֪ 

һȣ͵ǰ˹ȥͻȻһĸ첲§סңףˡҵ۹⣬ƺƽ̫һ 

Ұڰ֣һûأִֵ˵֪ҵһο㣬ô 

ӢЦš 

ǣ͵ҡͷЦţҾáڵúֵ̿ȣ 

ЦţƱȥ 

ҵֻƺúܲҵÿ߬ף˵㿴ǵֺ񡣡 

񣿡סûһһġˡ 

ǡĵĽţףְëĽףͺˣɰ󣬰ָĹ󣬾ҡף˵˵Ǹʲôˣ 

㣿裬 

ôҵģЦԷǣӦ˵Ӣˣָķ 

ȥȥġ֣ƿȴ͵߬סҵ֣§סĸ첲͵ᣬǵøˣҼоõ 

ʲôãȻĿŽ˱ƺȽȻĴսҡ 

㡢ʲôͻȻý§ҵֿʼĴߣҵľҲ֣󣡽أ 

촽Ȼ͵ظҵ촽ϣ㴼ľӽʽ֮ģȻͷ 

أءȴӶᣬͷסҵģҲʼҧҵ촽ſңſң񺰣ΪʲôûſңϵĶҲôߣȻҵ·һ·ҵͦ 

ҰȾĺöף־£Ҳ㲻ҲƲһģ۷ףȻ˹ȥ 



۾һƬİֻһյСơ 

ãȻš 

ⲻҵңҲκһԷĶΪʲô 

糿鷿ʱү˵ҹȥԺ￴ϷȻ󡭡Ǿû˼͵͵ܵɽȾ⣬Ȼ󡭡 

͵ػɽĶǵһĻס죬ĵͷͷСĵһһҿϵıӡ 

ӷ𣡸лҵ·úõĴϣûһǽ⿪ģ 

Լ٣ҴӴҪ´֨ѽһűƿˡ 

үһĺëֻ۾Ķŷţ 

ûã߽һСѾͷͲͷԲԲķ٣׹ӹˣĽ𣿡ģǺ 

Ķô˭Ұһʳ 

ߵ߰ѵƵһˣүԺүѾͷѩ׹ӺˣүԸ̧ġ 

ү͵ش˸£ƣĶ⸽ɡ 

ѩЦˣƺ˶ЦĻүȻ 

Ķ 

ҵĻû꣬ͻȻǸҵսľôСף 

ҵѽ͵صҵڴϣһģʶıסֻ۾䱸Ķſڡ 

үʩʩȻ˽ҵģһ̿ѩԸȳȥŴϡ 

ΪʲôѩȥΪʲôҪţѵĶûԹҹӲͣѩߣҲҪ 

ѩȻĵźһǡ˳ȥİķԸŹϣ 

ҿүһһ߹ƲסĶ 

ʲôףү£ʣһܰˣ 

ҪҲҪԵһǹͷҲʣһ 

үֱֱĶȴƫƫһ仰Ҳ˵ͻȻЦˣ˵ľƷ˵֪˵ʲô𡭡 

˵ʲôҽŵ촽͵ҡҡͷ 

˵㣡Ȥ˵꣬үԼЦˡ 

ף˵˵үңѵҺˣһжҵĻþ 

ҡ˵ңң̽ʡ 

Ȼǣ 

ͣԼǵһκȾƣѵҺˣεүңʶԼ촽Ҳүû׹ңΪʲôһôƵΣүĸ첲Ե촽ָһжôʵôεһңѵѵҡëˣ 

ףףһֱ˵үЩˣŵĽҵ֡ 

ߡүţ۾ͻȻһȣરવĵ 

ҿˣү̻񣺡ôôˣúõôˣ 

ҡҳҭҭүΪʲôᡭεү 

εʲô£ҲЦˡ 

εסҡ֣ںߺߣѵүȻˡ 

ε㣿үϴϴģϿɹҲסˣҪֿޣүͻȻְ§һһʱ侹˿ޡ 

ΪʲôΪ㾹Ȼ޳үһɣСףʲôΪģһ飬ϦԣϲңҲʲôֵ¡ 

ϲ㣿ҲŴ죬ү̧ͷ 

ϲңΪʲôεңε㣿 

ǡ 

ˡүҵĻϲ˻ϲŮˣ⣬ײþš 

ǡ 

֮ڻҼ䱾ͺܳ˾֡ 

ǡ 

ʵ֣Ҳм谮꣬ģһ𣬲˷Եġ 

ǡ 

ʲôүڿ˵ǱӶĴϣѾͷתҡҡͷ˵ˡ 

Ǿ͵˵ɡЦЦסʲô¾ͽѩ糿һȥ鷿˿ٻ 

ҵ˵ͷѾŵôϸһʲô÷Եģ 

ףүͻȻҵ°ͣҵ۾ǼȻѾˣٱǰǲӦף 

סʲô¶˳£ֺʲô¶Ծ 

ڷ䣬ү촽Ѿѹ͡Ǹǲһֻĵ˵ҵ촽ͷſҡ 

ˣף˯ɡүվҷȥɺãϸĵΪҸϱӡ 

һ˵ʲô 

סƺҵһүֽҵ֡ 

ţ 

Ҹ˵ˣԺҽ´ٺүСҡû˵꣬עҵ۾أֵĻģͻȻһүȻűӺݺݵҵһ£ҡһУɵ 

үȴҵķӦͦƵģҵվ߳ȥˡ 

߳ȥ˱ӵµ壬°ȫڱأҳһ顣׽緢ڼɽǶģǸղŷģүĻģĹϵģһжģֻĸоģϲүϲϲ𡭡 







2 



𣬽;ҵɽͤȾ죬ԽԽϲҹֻҪ¶ǣͿʼ֣§ףʱһ±ײȴ˵ҵĽأǻˣҲδظҹ 

ôĿ˵ʵˡ 

ףҽϵޣвУͻȻʡ 

аģȥ˭㣿 

촽ѹҲĦɵף治ҵ˼һ˫ֶ̽ҵ·ǵһ˵ޣź򡭡 

ź򡭡ȻòĳصȻȥƾʲôź㡭ˣ·һץס֣ҳĵ˹ȥ 

ƺûʲôЧһЦһ§յҶߣСףʲôʱѧˣˣ 

ȥģһƴϣ󣬽ȻɺޣҪݺݵĴҵȷе᲻--Ȼֻһ᲻á 

˭֪һ֣ҲָɣɵһȻץסҪĵط 

͵صһ塱һһ㻬ϡһֻ첲§סҵһᣬҴһƬհףʶ§סĲӡ 

СסҶߴ㵽׶ãʲôܹ֮񣿡 

ܹ֮񣿽ֿʼƶһ̵Ҫ涪ˣתԼעܹܹ˯һԺԵоҧҧ촽ƼҪѿڶ촽ҧסˣصıϢȴһңڵģһˣȻΪʲôһЦЦĿң 

˯ܹ֮˯СסһǴˣȻΪʲô¶ǷϷʵı飿ţͻȻһת˯ԣҲ˵˯ףһ'ܹ֮'òã 

ţʧȥ۵һҲûˣĺ۾ͷڽϣˡ 

ܣа񣬡ģܻ 

˵ϵһδħʧȥʶ޷˼άòƽʱǸǾҡ 

Ǹˣҧҵ촽ģģ߽СԩҡӦþӸգڵӡ˿˵ţͷ̽˽˱ҵģڿɢ̼ȼһƬԭ֮𡣽ֺʹϢ㣬ȴ㲻ץסʵļĺһ߳ʱǰһƬհףһΪڽ 

Ұ㣡ĵƵɽĳһͬ򵥵֣ȻҾþõѣ 

ڻعҵĴ 

󡭡Ҫ˵ȴһָסҵ촽 

ꡭҺúÿ㡣 

һʱ˿˿ģҹԹԵĲ˵Ͻߡ 

ҵ֣ףڵסǼղû飬òã 

ûꣿҷɺʲôûѾ 

ͻȻݺݵҧסҵ촽ûĵСˣҿɻأ 

ͻȻһҿϡȫȫһŸоС϶ŸȵĶ 

һʱϴ󷢸գҽͰ͵㡭㲻ҡҿɡû 

ģаЦЦʱȫˣ 

֣֪뷨Ƶġ 

Ҳɾ·һ£ҵվȻȥӦ׼ˮҴ鷿飬ܿ͹ȥ㡣 

׼ˮʲô 

һɫյҶߣȴúǱʮǧааϴ谡ָϴ 

䣡һ˻ƣ̵÷͡ 

߰ɡһҵ֣Ӽɽ˳ȥ 

߹ţиܹ밲㽣½ϵһѾֽ֪оɽ 

үү٣ڴүأ 

ҿ𣿽۾ƺһ˿Ũҵĺ⣿ҿȻ˸ս 

ߣһ򲻹㣬ھȻҲ㲻 

ɽ°ͣɣ͹ȥ 

ǡ 

תͷʱıתΪůů᣺ףҽ£㶼סˣ 

æͷԸղǸµĽ¡ 

ԹԵĻȥңүãϾ͹ȥ 

žɽˣҴԶȥıӰһʱǸү档ʲô˲ܱ޳Ȥĥšɴ࣬͵͵ȥڡڽ󽻴ҵ£ͷ˵ɣûҲܲܰҳ˰ɡ 

һСܣܵſڣû߽ 

ܵĪҲ̫ЩҪĶѾ͵ˣ˵ӴӦûʲôϸҽ컹һ磬Ҳǹ˼ΪֵܼǸˣôʶôѵҲҪȥ 

ﴫһ͵͵̾Ϣи˿ڵ֪̫Ҳϣģúö飬ԴΪԱȽż꣬ؾǾɽүǰ̫˵ԣҲģֺҶĸοδӽϻôֱȥˣȥˣǸСӣ̫˵ 

ˣүĻȱ˵ңֺ߲ˣôƫƫͳ˴治 

͵һղү˵ġǸСӡѵ˵ң 

--үϲҲˡ̫˼Ū޷Ϊá 

˵ˣٴδүĻ 

ү̾˿ƵΣߵ㲻Ϊ˸ɥ־˼Ļ𣿡 

ߣЦһô˵Ҳˣƫƫ⻰㽣˵ʵڿЦңΪʲôҪǼ£ 

ҡ 

㵱˿ڣȻǧ㲻Ը㲻ᣬȴǳȫ㣬ֵزǻаģͱٹҵ--Ҹûʲôдģˡˣ 

˵꣬⡱ŲҴһû뵽Ȼ˵Ϳ;Ϳͣ 

תתҸɷ۹ȥһֱͨţĶʲôܶ˵ĵط 

Դð̣֨ѽһűˣ˳һ۶תƵҡ 

ôܵˣ͵һüҴһ 

͵һ£ʶ--ͽദôãɴûù˵ 

һûü˵үѾ˳ңһμһס 

ѵҵ˾޵ز 

嵽ǰһץסҵ֣ͷҲصĸүһ䣺ߣˣ˵ңǳȥ 

صֱԷߵſڣһ˦ְˤȥȻԼ˽顱һϷš 

˭ȥģңһˣͻȻǸ§˵ҵ˲ 

ҡţҺ桭 

棡һץסҵ󣬺޺޵ĵңҸ㣬ǵһΣҲƽϣԺҪٸ͵Һͱ˵ҸĶӽȥҼסˣ 

Ҿˣ͵̧ͷס۾ 

ڶ˵ڶ˵Ϊʲôʱǰ˵ңŸôĽ󣬰ʱԺȻ˵ҪҶĻ 

ȴûٿһۣ͵ذƵڵϣ򿪷ų˳ȥ 

ҴĵذϣãȻŴ󿪵ķţͻȻһ䡣 

ĺӦ߽ڵϣԼͬľ 

׹ӣôˣЩڵҪģ 

ְֻҴӵСķҵ¡ 

ӦСĵĴң̲סʳ׹ӣүˣ 

ҡҡͷͻȻӦģ֮ǰү˭ 

ʲʲôӦȻûϵһдһʣһ£ţ׹ӡ˵ʲôʲô֮ǰ 

תȥģģ˵ѣң 

ҧҧ촽ǿЦЦ׹ӱϹˣûСûʲôˡ 

˵ЦˣߵЬӣұϥϣŵذ塣˺һҲĺӦĻԱվţҲ˵ǾȻҲ 

ǳȥɡķԸһ䡣 

ӦĵͷҵҲ࿪ͷӦĲĵ׷һ䣺׹ӣû°ɣ 

û£ȥɡ 

ѾͷĥһڣĶһ䣺Ϣɣһʲô鶼ûˡſųȥ 

ﾲĻţٱ˫ȣϥϡ 

֪˶ãұӦĵѣСѾͷСеץסҵļҡţ׹ӣô˯һްôҲǣⲻŹأ 

˵ҵһ̾ͷѣ̫ѨԵһһֱҪιȥˣ 

ӦҵĶͷãգӾô鷿ȥ𣿡 

鷿 

鷿Ҫү͵ҡҡͷ 

˹һСķһȰӻȥĺãүʹ죬ҪǶүүùˣӡүƽʱȻûʲôӣϾӣӾίЩүүԹôã϶Ϊѹӵġ 

ǺѾͷִĻȻģվȫȫΪ롣 

ô˵ӦҲѾͷʰˣͳĴš 

鷿ԽԽͷƤͷһ֣һǲүá 

˵үǺޣ߶ǣֻҶĳƺӡ󡱱ءү͸ףһϯȻǵĹϵԭ--ҲǸ⡣ 

Ȼ鷿·ôڣһߵ鷿ſڣûҲүû˽ȥȻֻ̫һλϡ 

̫硣һ밲 

ףˡɫôôѿ𣿡̫ʡ 

ûУл̫ġҴͷߵԼ 

ﾲһ̫ͻȻڣʥһн빬첻鷿ˡ 

ţЩ⣬ͬʱҲ˿̫˵ҽ첻ܸܲһ죬̫ȴ˵ˣ 

ףҪ㣬ĿΣǾͣһΰɡ 

ңȻ⾩ˣĸ·ʶģ 

̫ûҵľȣתͷ鷿үүλɡ 

̫˵үʱûʲôүĸһڣҵԴ塱һȻȫˡ 

䴫ڶĽŲľȻתǵ--үȳˣģһɫӰҵ߶ϡ 

Ĵүҵ߶ˣĿӣ͵ر˱۾ 

ûָо˵ʱ򣬾ȻվӵĴ 

üë۾ӡ촽Ȼа˾ŷֺ--ǣӦ˵ҵüë۾ӡ촽Ȼа˾ŷֺƣ 

죬ȴʲô˵ 

̫ҵļĳĵװҲ޿κΣȰ룬ֻӡ 

֪֪̫˺ңҵ۵ú 

λүڣģ 

ͷ 

ˣ 

ٵͷ 

ĺӦĵˣ 

Ȼͷ 

үġʲȥˣ͵ץסǰ½Ĵ 

˷סҵļ򣬽ţһŵҶ𣺡׹ӣԭôģΪ˽ҲͲѶΪ֮ˡԴҸ˽Ժ󣬽ͻ̻̲գ̫̫ܽ̽ҲʥУ׿ʼԣʼˣƫƫһ˽֮Уһжԭÿն㣬ҲãҲôĻүӣϧ󣬽Ľ֮һжΪ˽ãֻǲԸ⽣ٴȥ׹ӣңҲһˡǿ֮ģֻǷʢ̫˵׹֪һôĿģ㰮󣬾Ź󣬲ҪԽԽԽԽ 

ЦǾҷŹ·׺εºܣүԽԽԽԽ 

Ҫô뿪 

׹ӵȷǴˡ 

ңң 

ԸҲʶôΪ 

үңһָ޿ֵİͨͨϳȥҲǽ󰮹ˣǻʵɵ̫õүֻҪеŵ˵һ䣺󰮵ң 

ʲôûУǽˣɲŵ̫ǵǵܵܵүأʲôҵѵһ-- 

̫ͻȻȫһһ룬𣿡 

үûʲôɣ̫ǵʡ 

İڰ֡ 

ȻѾһٺõҩ˿Ȭ 

̫֪ͨĺӦģǵ鷿лҪǡ 

á̫ŴӦ 

˵ĽŲнԶſϣ۵Ҫѿһ㡣 

˿ɬطӽ̹Ļ 

鲻ƶ࣬鲻ƶ࡭ 

֪ʹ࣬Ĳ࣬Ӧúһ 

ͻȻ˽Ų˵͵վͷѣ󲽳嵽ſڡ 

ӣĺӦ͵ͣסŲ̵ҡ 

ţԳ嵽һô£ֽŲȥòԼزȻû; 

֦£ҵͷĿɿڴѾͷ 

ġӦģʲôǾʵʵشʲôģ̴ȥ 

ӲҪѾͷү˵ӣΪˡ 

ңң 

ô˱Ǹ 

ĺүʶˣɤʡ 

׹ӣɣͷధš 

һ飬ĺүʶˣ 

ӣòã 

ҽı˱۾ 

Ϊʲôشҵ⣡ 

ϵģǻӵĻ 

·״˺Ϊʲô²ģ 

һᣬ͵һɣһգߴವķѾͷľУҡſһصĵڵϡ 

˰ɣҧҧ 

ӣ 

׹ӣ 

ĺӦСķסҵĸ첲ȴóȻ 

ӣᣬʲô֪ʲô˵ˣ 

ӦҲſ޳׹ӣǲ˵ү˵ӣҪôĥԼ 

ûʲôЦЦԼҲԼȻЦóŰǷһȥɣҪϴ軻· 

ѾͷԷң߳ȥ 

׹ӣ֪ʲôʰɣ֪ʲôһ㡣ӦķƵ˵ 

ˣʲôҲ֪ 

ӣ 

߰ɡ 



صѾͷպˮ 

ݽľҲ¶ 

ô죿Ӧֹţ׹ǲǵˣôҪ˵أ 

ҿǰɡ̾˿ҪǵˣҾùĵģү 

ΪʲôͻȻү£үôѵ׹֪ˣ 

֪Ҳ֪ӵôôߵĵطˤ붼ÿ£ҪҪҽ 

˵ҪǻĻҪ˰ɣȻҪˡ첻ΪǲŴ𣿡 



 



üɴҲˮȥˡ 



ʱѩˣ˵үմӻʹҪϹȥ 

ͼҪҵˣѩ㣬ӽ塭 

ġҴĻתͷѩ˵߰ɡ 

ǹӵ塭׷ǡ 

İɣû¡ 



ѩүԺүſ̽ͷ̽ԣˣ¶һЦӭҵ߻ݣֹϷţȻһѱסҡ 



 



߹Ǳôһ̽ 

ſңûƿ 

ү㶣̶ִչ̽ʣôҵҲԣҸⲻǻɣ 

ûվסˣͷۣ߹ۣȫûһطۣΨĲۣ˳ˡ 



ߵǰȻСķϵÿͷһСģСӹǾ͵ɢˡ 

ү̸ôôżףѩ׼ˮˣһϴȥ 

ϴˡ 

ϴˣ㶣ȻЦˣңҺܿͳ 

š 



õҵӦү˵ףȻԡȥˡ 

Ҫҵ˼Ҳû취ҪǸʲôܹ֮Ҫ˵ǣ 

ҲˣҲİˣҪؽϣҵ貳Ӳȥˣ 



䴫ˮ˰Σү洫ף¿ 



¿㣿ҷĴӴǽǵ¹ϡ 

߹ȥҴ¹ţȻһһ׵·ӿүƽʱġ 

¿㣿¿㣿ҺҷţͻȻžડһ죬һ·ﻬ䵽ҵĽűߡ 

Һɵļ--һĶҡ죬ӡ 

һʱֿ죬Ұ򿪣뿴浽װʲôһᱻҽ⿪ĶȫչǰʱǼһ죬þ񱣻ڻһˡ 



ͬ顣 



ϵǣүڽϳʱ򣬾񣬳ɾҺү֮ԵˣҲ˭͸үġҺֱﲻˡҺһ°ãȻߵſڣ򿪷ѲţͻȻҵԺˮ--ãˣ 



첲͵һգಡžֱֱĵ 



ãΪԼȲʣȻղӵʱǣ߹ǽƵʹ죬ǵʲô 



غ÷ţߵԡſڣ顱һƿ˷š 



һƬˮڣ͸ˮʵĿүվˮĿңƺҵĴ³һ 

߽ȥ·ˮرߵĵϣ 

· 

ү㶣̶ЦˣСףģرÿ 

𣿡һЦ 

үӳԡҵףҲ 

Լ 

үЦˣ߹һѰ§ˡҲˣҲˣСƢҲˡ 

û 

ү̽ҵ·ʼһһʣո㿪ţʲôأ 

ҰǰˮˡҵĿ 

ʲôү͵ضסˣ˵һ飡ֻصϽͷһ˵˴ȥ--һӣҪǵԴ 

ǿı 

Ұǰˮˡظһ飬תߡ 



޴ĺӰסңұ͵ر˳סһɾ޴˻ȥţžصһƶ⣬Ҵֱɳȥˡһڵϣȫɢ˼һۡ 

ͻȻһҵĿԣѹƲסθﷴ̸о͵һ˳ 

ɫɽڷĵذϡ 

ҶŵϵѪͻȻȻЦ˳ 

Уүס壬̵ĺҵ֣ 

ףף 

ҷ¶һЦݣϧʧˡ 

󡭡ҷĽС 

ףҪ˵ʲô˵˵ 

Ҳȥסġ 

ͻȻҵһԣҼ 

㡭͡ôôϲġ˵仰ǰһڣڻ˹ȥ 







3 



ҾԼ˯˺ܾãԺΣȴ۾Уƺ׵ˣ 

˯ôãôѲǺųƹõҽҿȫǷͰѲҿǵԴ 

үϢŭүϢŭиΨΨŵŵӦţ׹ܷ纮ȣǵˣˤȴΪأ΢ˣӵ߹һûмʱʲôӦľٶ¶ϹѹѪܣԲŻѪԡ֮ʵڲֹۡ 

ʲôвֹۣɸɴĸʲôʱѣ 

ţ΢ 

󱬺ȵ 

ǡǣܡ̿֡ 

˯˹ȥ 

ʱҷԼڼɽͤӦĶžƺվߣһ𻨸͵ߣ˵ 

үү͹ģүϲٽ͹ 

Ŀɿڴ㶵ģװʲôҡү 

ӦĴչЦ˵үһôҲɵˣĪү͸үҶ̫̫ү˼ˣ 

ҲģףףҴе 

˺ˡѾͷΪȻЦţģ㿴ı۾ﲻү 

ͷ󺹣ͻȻӼɽƳ 

󣡡ҳȥֽеɸҵĺѾͷȻ˵Ҳ㲻壡 

Яҵ߻ͤ£ЦѾͷ˵ǣôûûСˣ 

Ŵͣ͵ץסļҡ˵ʲôأףװ 

˺ˡ§סϸĺţıˣ۾ˣ·һֻĹĵСãֻƯСã 

ǲǣҲģСãףǵĺöף 

ǰһڣȻʲôˣһ󾪻̣ 

ҲĲģףף 

㱼һ˫ĸ첲§סңϤҶ𣺡˺˱ˣ㲻ģҵĺס 

ֻ˯˹ȥ 



һ˯ƺֹ˺þãٴѹʱкüϲĽţ 

ˣ׹Ӷˣ 

ʯҽʯҽ׹ǲˣ 

죬ȥ֪ͨү 

ҷ۾ģģǰվĺӦģʶףһòˣһԲѾͷ 

˭һڣԼҲһҵôôɳ 

Ұ˰Ȼ΢ʯ괺ǹҽ׹Ӵ󲡳ǲҪڵĺá 

أ˭ǸѾͷִʡ 

ū£ǴүǱʱչ˹ӵġ 

үһ㱵ظ 

ſͻȻһҵĽŲŴű顱һƿˣи˳˽ֱֱ嵽Ҵǰһץס¶ڱ֣е 

ףˣˣòãۣ 

ү 

˵˵үе˵ʲôҪʲôҪʲôҶ㣡 

Ҫؼҡ˵ 

ү͵ȥ˫Ȼңץסҵļ 

㣭 

ү˵ʲôĺӦһס֣үӲŸոѣӻүҪӼƽˣ 

үţһ˫ֺݺݵҵļιǣ̲סü 

үסүĸ첲׹ӻԵʱү˵ʲôţôӲһѹүͰ˵ĻȫԺˣүѹιȥȻٶŹӲԲ죬ǲǣ 

үһ㶣İ˻ȥ 

ѾͷʲôͷȻүĻ 

ƿүҰѱںã׹ӣѣĺܣȰӽˣ鶼˵ɡ 



¾һֱÿүһźţ˵Ҳ֣үһΩҶƫƫµĻƴӡңҲûʲôֵľٶ 

ʯҽѾͷϤĵ£ҵһպùһաҩ**ڴͷϣææȥӦģͻȻʵӦģ֪˭ 

Ӧ͵ػͷĿңͻȻЦˣ׹ӣôˣôһԼ˭֪ˣ 

ףСظף 

ǰӦĿңͻȻе㺦£߹ҵĶͷСĵ˵հôˣôԴѹͱùֵֹģ 

û¡¿֣ǺЦţûû£ֻҪϵҾû¡ 

ӦһʣƺҪʣҡҡִȥȥЪŰɣˣ˯һ 

ųڣſڴһϤ˯Ѿ˯ˣ˯ 

үӦæӭȥүˣ 

˾Ͳү۵ݸӦģԸȥɣл˵ 

Ӧԥүңү˵ӲŸպáү 

⻹ңүϲŭ㵹ƫӣҳôţ 

ӦĲң 

ǻȥ 

ӦֵĵĿһۣһͷߵſڣͻȻת˵ӡҪǡʲô¡ӦľſڣҾˡ 

ʲô£ȥү͵ 

ӦһæֻŽ˳ȥ 

үߵҴǰ£ֹҵףһ˲١ 

͡˵ 

үɫ˱䣬Ȼ̾˿Ҵ㲻ԣ£ѵҲͷϣ 

ԭҲ֪ˡ 

үڱǣ˵ӣ治֪˵ʲôãҺңΪʲôԼӳһиôô죿 

ߵѲ㻹ˣ᲻Ҳɣ 

ҵȻ᲻㣡үֹҪ§ңһ㣬ˣεЦЦȻǿ㲡⼸죬ҳԲ˯ãҪ桭ҡ 

ߣһ᲻ң᲻ңµڶʧȥʧȥģ 

һڣȦ͵غˣõ֣һġڣ߽⡣ 

үر˱ҵģڻǰѻѹ˻ȥ㶼֪ˣҲ㡭ĴСҸﳤģϲ磬ҾͰ˳ȥҳϳʱظȷΪ㳤ʵһҲҰ㵱ģ;㣭Ҷģһֱǹؾصġ 

ؾأҺ˳ؾأҾëëţ 

үţף飬ԺòãӦңԺؼҵ£᲻ߡ 

᲻ߣֻһ˦̲סڵҪҰʲôλϣԶӰӣôֵҺǲͬˣҪΪʲôǸģֻͽ˰ѾˮԸɣˣ 

үס 

һ⸱ģί͵ѣקסԴ 

˺þãүų̾һĬĬվߵſڣ򿪴ţͻȻĵԽԽˣȻſſ͵˵ˣǺúչףָòˣһ鷿ɣ⼸ˣŸӼ· 

˵꣬Ų𣬳ţԶˡ 

үߣľͼ˽ܵߣСĵĳҵıӣеӣͷڱɣﻵô죿 

ûӦ̾˿ֵӣʵүûƭ㣬ȷүú񣬵þˣ˭óǸǲͬˡ 

͵طͻȻ־ڰοңߺߵĵүӣ㵱Ȼ˵ 

ĿҵͻȻЦ˳ 

䲻֪ЦʲôվЦңһʱװһݺݵӵЦʲôСҽ˰ȥһٰʮ壡 

Цˣҡҡͷߵֽݵǰӣ⸱ģͺүʮǧүأޱӣҺӦҲҸôûûС 

أҾḡˣ 

Ĳ˼˵үӵ෴үүһмӣǶŹʱɿģ 

ɿȻɿȡЦΪ֣ 

ΣӽԺүȷ˺ܶࡣĵԣУ͸һˡ 



ȻһҲĵĻڶһ磬һǱӦĴӴŪѾͷȻԽԽ棬ֻٹ˼գҲҵıӽ𴲣ôû𣿾ȻѾͷҲס 

һһʵʵԺôүԺǱ߹һžЯҵ˵Ѿ׼ˣ߰ɡ 

鷿̫ 

ȴûҿƵңֱţ鷿ȥ 

үѾ鷿ſڵˣˣ¶ϲɫ߹ǣҵ֣үףǽȥɡ 

һԸүҵ߽鷿 

̫Ѿˣҵ棬ȻһȻףôݳˣ 

ǰ̫ͣү˵Ǳƭҽ߾̯ơΪʲô룡̫Ҳ˵׵ֽѵûܲܳܣ 

󡭡̫ףȴүˣ 

ҺĶԹվϹͷŽҲӲһֵȥ̫ʲôݽ£պҺͺյ£ִҪ̫ѵ绹ܸ첲գˣʼҵԹžˣ̫Ȼʮ꣬Чڻ֣Ϊ֮ѣôͻȻͿˣ 

Ļ̫ȻǶģүԽ˵̫ɫԽס 

үȻûŵ̸˵ڣһּ⣬̫ϳȥˣ俴žѡͷ󺹵̫㵱ˣõɱֻ̫ܵҲɣ̫Ϻú˼˼ɣ 

үϢŭĻ˵̫꣬ȻͨһȥϳһʱͿүϳУϳһ̫֮࣬Ȼڳơүһƺġ󡱡 

үһȥһѷ̫̫˾ţ󲻹ףѵܰϳȥˣ⸮̫Ǵȥˣտʼ̫벻ؽˣһϯ̵ԺҲҷ̫ˡ 

ǡ̫ΨΨϳ͸ˣ͸ˡϻ̳Ͽֵ˳ȥ 

վһߣʼûֻǲף̫ôͱүų⸱ģţүѾתңҵ˫ֶӽԺĵѹ㣬һף㶼ˣڴӦң˺òã 

Һɵɵɵʵģʲô 

үһʱһҧСȻ鴫ѵûΪ㣬ѻֺ綼ˣ 

ΪΪʲôŴ졣 

֪Ϊʲôүҵı飬Ȼĵ̾˿ҵһͻȻ˵ף㣬вУ 

 

һشүѾ˹Ҵ㵵ĴһƣȻ̷ſˡ 

ףүƽʱһȥɣʰʰһ磬þɽš 

ȥĶȻʵ 

ϡү³֡ 

Ҵ㵵˵ 

үҵģεĿЦôǳҪؼˣӦø˲ǰףЩӸѣЩϲľͶ߰ɣһӣԺǣҲи 

ҡҡңҸ˵ɴ۾үȴתȥˣ 

ҪҪؼңǡôô̶̼仰Ͱߣ 

ѵ˵ĻǼٵ 

ԭأһĶүıӰ 

ͻȻүͣסˣ 

͵һҪǻĳƵġ 

үתҰΣҵԽԽ죬ԽԽͣҾԼҪʱүͻȻˣףǴûм⼸һֱ㡭ûʱףҡֻ㡭 

үĻû˵꣬ΪͻȻ˹ȥһѱסĲӣҴ޳һ߿һߺ󣡽󡭡󡭡 

ɵףүѹֵĺ첲͵ط§ңôһΪҪڻ 

ҹ˼ôˣʹľֻһʤ㣬ҲԸעһ 

ү̵촽͵ѹ촽ϣӶҵĺҾʶѾɳ⣬ԶҶȥҽ§סĲӣһģӦ 

ûôҵĺԣ˱ҵͷˣͷ̽˽סҵĺĲ֪˭ҺǺҼϢҾǲƿ§סϣǵ 

˷ϢͻȻң͵ذҰϣһ˺ҵ£ҵġˡһֱı۾ν϶ 

һ㣬ֳһ㣬·û꣬ͻȻµſ죺үô䣬Ҫ׹ӣط˵ɡ 

͵۾һƿѹϵĽ󣬴ﰵԼôôɫȻ⻹վһ£ 

бһۣѣһһߵʣôôࣿô𣿡 

Һһۣ˵Ըĵģ 

ͻȻԼһ£Ȼְ§ףС˵ûϵǻѣ 

ѡԲֳҵʱգЦЦͻȻֽ§һ£ͷҧҧҵĶҾһ£ȴ̷ſң˵߰ɣ 



·ϣͻȻʽ󣺡̫˵Щʲô˼ΪʲôųǸӡ 

簮ЦСҲ˵ô࣬ʵܼ򵥣һ仰 һд֡ 

ţȻһãȻ 

⸱飬εҵô˵㶼ף̫վǸˣңһֵͺˣٸһ̫ʱ绹ܸ첲գʧõֵݣȥ 

ޡһȻ򣬡ֲҪ˵ʲôΪ֮ϹͷŽҲѹ̫ųǸģ 

ҵ֣ааʵĽ˾ܸɣ߲ˣ 

ȥģֹĶǣһҲϲ 

ͻȻֳһϣڶʳѾˣֵͬģ˺˴ˣֺҪֿǣҲһΪҺãֻô˷ 

˺˴ˣԥΣʵأߵģ 

ЩȻȻãʲôȫǣ 

񼸰ֻһ̣ͣǿ̹ʵڲôڻ̲ס˳㰮ˣǲǣ 

ͻȻͣס˽Ųתңҿһ̲࣬סģ˼˰ΣͻȻҵַŵǣˣڵҵһϲˣĵλȻЩͬǡιȥʱҾ͡Ҿ϶ⱲӣĪ 

ҵɵֱֱĶŽ 

ôĶţȻĺ˺ڲ˼ʲôѵûô׹ 

ףڷʲô㶣ҵ 

͵ػعͻȻһ§סĲӣȥ촽ס 

̲סЦ˳Ҳ§סף˵㼱ʲôһصҺú㡣 

һ̲ס˺һͻȻѪһץǰȥǻʲô㰡 



ܻʱȻȴûһ̲ס֮˵ĺǡ 

ܽԷȲţһѰҰϣҪҼסȵȣ 

̿һڻҪҵȣǴĥǲǣ 

Ŀ书òãҲҴӲӲ塣 

ֽеԲУ 

ΪʲôҲõĵ۾ΪʲôӲҾͲԣӦͱң 

޿κΣֻʣúõģΪʲôͻȻҪѧ书 

ʵش𣺡ҿһ·ܻҲҲҪ 

ޡͷ۾һתͻȻааЦˣ˶˶Ȼͺˡ 

ˡءû˵꣬Ѿϡ˶ֻҲæҵ· 

ҵĻסֻýһᣬض𡣽ңߵߣһѰҰڴϡ 

ڴϣվڴͷĽ۾һɫʣҿͻȻȫȣ̲ס 

һƲȿϣֽҵ£һ͵ر۾ȴҵ촽ſ۾ң 

ұ۾ҡͷ 

һЦͻȻͷҧҲϣ 

͵صɴ۾ɿ̧ͷҵ۾Ϸʵ 

ôûʼųСף̫ˡ 

ҵ˵ϣһһףû˹ƻ󣬡ԹԵ۾Ȼҧ㡣 

֪ΪʲôҾȻʵʵĵͷ 

ЦЦ쵽ǰͻȻһֻؿһͷһѾ¶ڿˣ 

ʲôҾţʶƿ󣬽ȴɵһֻ־Ϳңҵ˫ַڱ͵һҵ 

ͷûĵڰգұͦţоǰҧֿУۣۣ˸ƵģͻȻ䶯úô³Ϊʲô³Ľҵģһִδй˷ܸоը̲סͻȻѿڶ󡭡УС 

ǿʼƣҵĲϣʪʪϣĿ̱һֵĸоͺڵӡ 

󡭡ҵš 

̧ͷң۾ﾹȫǳռУûģҶһ£ͻȻȣ¸ĳطҲ΢ı仯 

ҽһĽ̸оˣҵ۾ааЦţͻȻͷסҵĴʶӦɽͷƵģֻ˱ҵͷ뱧εķҵĸ첲ֻܱĽǣӶᡣͷݱѹţҾҵĴؿҡըƵģҺ࣬ȴľٶǰδе˷ܣʶŤӣͻȻ̧ͷ˻˸ս֪Ϊʲôҵ¸ˣͬʱҸоͬһλȵĶң 

ף㺦£ 

ҡͷ 

Ϊʲô 

޹ŽССʣ㡭Ϊʲôáҡ㣿 

촽Цˣ㲻Ǻ˷ܡ 

ͻȻ·ץסаţ͵ͷҲ˲ýв͵ر۾ 

ͻȻһɣһֻ첲쵽ҵ£͵ҵ°˿ӱһȥһ쬵ĸоϮʶԼѾȫȻڽǰȻ䶶øˡ 

סѹʱȻֻ֮ĥұ۾ԺǶ̶̵˲Ȼѵóģ 

סٽУҵ˫Уһֻ־ȻġףϷ⣬ǴˣҾȥһָͷˣҾͳһ˵治桭 

㣡ֻϡ䡱һ˻Ȼɴ۾첲ʹ򣬡̬̬̬˭Ҫ֡أ 

Ȼһָҵੲݣһʱ۵ᣬĿۡŪҺۡ 

Цţû£Ͳˡ 

Ȼ˵Ͷ 

ɷɡ庢Ƶ˵õˣûƭԲԣ 

ҿʼҵĴҧʣ㡭Ūʲôȥáˡ 

󻬵ģ 

㡭ʲôʱ򡭡Ūģ 

۵ʱ򰡡 

ֶšһ˳ȫˣֶôᡢᡭšţ 

ֻаЦ 

ʱ䱿ţҲˣƺˡ鷿װһһ᲻á᲻ҵģʵ빴ϴ 

ָȻּһ 

Ҷߴҵıףʵʵˣ㲻ӦһҪһһȥ 

ҪҪҪҹִҡͷ 

ĲҪͻȻӿƵʣһһӴе 

ҪҪҪָĳط͵һΣƲסĴ󺰳ҪҪҪ 

治ȻǶײȥ 

ҲһеĽ˳ 

ҷȻ䣬ָҲ˽ָһţײǸֵĵطн˫ȣϥȴͶҴȵڲ࣬ͷƵǿά˵ơ 

šŲ¸ۣ̲סȥȴһѰסҵ֣͵һ 

һȻȵ˶Ӳ 

ҿأףͦƽİɣ 

ĻشͷŴѾһкšš󣡲 

͵סҵĺᣬʣô治棿 

棡桭 

Цˣáһҵ촽ϵĶ˿ͣСףҰָ֪֪ϲĶ 

֪š֪ţ촽촽 

ܺáҵ촽˵Ļ㶼ǵãܺá 

ҹ˲佱͵ĵȣȫ 

͵һЦȻ 

͵˿һ̣֪ΪʲôĵطȻеһ飬ôˣôô 

һ˫ְסҵ󣬰ࣺһ⣬ղҵָȥиطһͻ֪Ϊʲô 

͵ҧס촽ݺݴڴô֪ 

ǺǡЦúգҾҪ𲻳ףףǲǸòһ 

͵ذͷ࿪ҽҧס촽˵ǣֲ˵ǣǸطƺԽԽͻȻʼָİҡôˣ 

ٺٵЦˣҸеסȻûüԹͻȻһ˺ѷεʹ 

Ҳҽһ͵һͦصˤشϡ 

㡢ɡʲʲôҴڴڴŤӣֱţȱѹţۣá 

ףױ£ϾͺˡϾͲˡҵҵ죬ǸƲҵۣ 

ƭˣƭƭˣ˦ͷС 

ûƭ㣬ȷǡһûж塣޹ 

ƭˣƭˡҲһеŤӣĴС 

ĺͻȻӿˣ߬ҵ󣬵еףҡ̲סˣ 

ţһûʶ˵ʲôĶȻҵĶ 

Ҫۡۡ 

ףҵĺףҵײҵڴڵĴϢţҰ㣬һӶһףף 

Ҫ 

ǰͻȻһƬհףҲϢΪԼͿˣʹĸоԽԽˣȡ֮һǿһĿУ㱼䰴ϵʧˣڳһֻ֣͵߬ס¸ӲͦǰͬʱĴ̼ʧȥǣڷ˵Ľ˳󡭡ҡҪ࡭ҡš 

һ㣬ԺʧȥһʶֻǻеĽšţеŽײšţ߳һͻȻԼƮڰеһëſ趯ɣƯسظ 





4 



ص˯ȥѹʱ򣬴Ѿڣ¶һɶЦݣҽϴ裬Ҳ۾һһѳԾ˶һϴϡͿֱһ㡣ϴˣһɾӰҰסҪҳȥɣ 

ɣҲɣҴһƿųһܵߣһ˽ȥװˣҲûˣɴࡢɴҾһڱˣ 

ףף߻صߣűң㲻˼ʲôֲЦ㡣 

ƭˣƭˣﲻ˵ǸɶЦʲô˼ 

òҵĻӦͻȻʵڱʲôζͦģԲԣ 

ԣϴĴһ򶼺ܺšţ͵ӣһ㣬ɲǼʶʲôһƿŽ󣺡أ 

ףЦĿңӵ£ 

ǡǸղҺ˵ڣҵģȻһȤ§סңʵմˡöζֵֹģ 

ȥģҺݺݵĸһ첲⣬Ķȥˣ 

˳ϴʱĽóȥϴˡشĺɡ 

㡢㣡һסĲӣǶĿˣҵҵĶŸ飿 

ʲôͷסӵ֣͹ȥ׵ģǸЦ㣬ȥһپˡ 

һôһû 

вввУй޵Ĵ󺰳 

ǼʲôĶЦͣһЦһߴչҵĲӣ˺ˣҵСףôоһΡȻİҰڴϣ 

Ҳء챻ϣֻĺ󱳣ļأΪʲôͬˣȴôࣿƽƽҡҷҪ䣡 

ףףЦղǴĵһΣû̫֣ʴ̼ġ 

Ҳ治棡 

棿ɲСˡ 

ء 



Ȼ˵˻ججһҹڶѹʱϾȻֻʣһֵͬʱ˿ǿȵЩƣһʱգʱߣһҪ˺ſɶ 

޵ҧгݣͻȻ֨ѽһ죬űƿˣӦ˽۾ȻһôˣޣǹӽԺѾϰʱˣүʱ˵Ҫأ 

ޣå 

ݺݵһ䣬Ǹ쵰һܵĶȥˣ 

ӦЦգգʵ쵰ĸǻ쵰ӦĿɲʶ 

͡ү󣡡ҵ۾˵ 

ޡԭӽүеôףѾͷĿɲôΣӵġǸʲôʲôū澵үһ빬ȥˡ 

ӦģȻԽԽˣ 

ݺģŻҡҽȥһٰʮ壬㻹Һ˵ 

˭֪СѾͷһЦ͵ſڣŤͷҵӦĳȥһٰʮ񣬸ˮϴ裬ڳȥȰ·ϡү֪ū澿˹ӵӣһϳȥһٰʮ壬 

͵صͷһ찡Ӳ֪ʲôȫǺϵĺۼ·ʾĻơ 

ӦЦˣӵƤְֻӦģһԹмӡ 

ԡ塱һըץһͷӹȥӦȴһȥƵЦ𣺡Ӻˣ 

ûûˣ 

ӵĻ쵽زֱϺ˼Ѳ 

⡢һе׶ǽҡҺˣ 

аѽ˺߰㣬žȻֱƿˣ߽ģӣūͰˮպˣھϴ𣿡 

ȻҵǱϹϾģ̵Ǻ۽ǵЦ͸¶һѶϢҲЦң 

ۡûȥˣ 

ĳ̣۽ǺЦûʾʾϴ£ַͷ 

ţӦ˽һڵĶֱǰϣӣǳհõ˲࣬Ⱥ˰ɡ 

ҶϵĶҡҡͷҪ˲ѣҳԺѪô죿 

ġӦߵǰҵѪҲү£Ҫ 

Ӧģ˵ʲôһڳٸ˵ֻ 

ӦĿҺǵЦӯӯı졣 

ͷѾӾٵǰʵƣúòã 

áҴžԼͻȻһԾֵʵǡƽʱ㶼ͷģΪʲôҪȥ 

ķ¾ӣߵӦߣЦӯӯ˵ʱͬգѾˣẢͷ 

 

ȻҲ 

ҴҪȥһٰʮ壡 

һ磬ôôƢͻȻſ 

һ飬͵վ嵽ſڣһץסǰ·ĺѾͷûûСûû£ﻹûһأ 

ϰϣôĻΪȻҵ֣Ѿͷôˣ 

үӦĿڣĽӻ˸ͷͣӲϲ 

ͷͣңͦðԭģе㺢ܺã͸¶ôһ 

ޣȻ˵óôĵĻ 

ȴһθѾͷǰôƯµһ󹦣ҽ첻źһʮӣȥɡ 

˻һѾͷ־ϲһۣȥūлү䣡 

ʲôлңл׾ˡ˵źúõźףһֱƯƯǾͣ 

ǣūһľź׹ӣ 

ȥɡ 

һͣ˵˸߲ңȫһҡͷֱ֡Ѿͷȥˣתͷ˵ôˣϲۣ֪Ӧô׷Ź㡣 

ǹ² 

ҵ۵Ҫ鷿飬ٶ 

ȥˡҵ£ͣһΣԺҲ糿Ų硣 

Ϊʲô 

ϣݺݵϸ£ѹˣȴûƵ§ס˵ƾ⣬ô 

Ļ͵ѹڴϵƣҪѧ书ֱͦ˲ӽе 

ȴҵĻͷֻ˵һҾͽְǵ˵ˣִӦԺٹʡҪҴ糿ʼϳѧϰι֮ϣһΪιұۣԴʼֻһ鷿ˡ 

͵ذ֪Ȼ˵赭дʵʹһֻ꣬Ľ˵˻ϡ 

һֹʵ˵ʲô 

ҡҪѧ书 

û뵽ȻǱĳôһ䣬ֵҸղ˵ʲôϵ 

㲻˷ܵĹסĲӣѧι֮Ҿѧһ书Ժһһ䣬㸨ϣιҾһǬ۳ɳ 

ƺҵ۲ΰɵˣҰ죬ͻȻ߬סҵ󣬡ƣüҡͷһֻ߬ԣô࣬Ӱ壬ôһǬǲˡ˵վߡ 

Ҵϲߵſڣ˳ʵĽң 

Ȼġ˵ţָָ̧ſ򣬡ٸ˸첲ȥ 

ȥ̧첲ԣ̫ˣҹš 

һԵߵұͻȻסҵһ᣺ż⡭ŲҪأ 

ôһᣬҵֹȻſ򣬵¸߸ߵϳϳȫֻ첲ϣһСֻֻż֧ţָоֱܵҪǱסֻˤȥˡ 

̫ǿˣҡ˵˵䡣 

ҵתǰһĵ඼ܲˣʲô书 

̲ˣ˭˵ܲˣ 

ˣԼɵסˣ 

ɣҧ۽е 

Ļ֣̾ø첲ǧ׹ؿѹſǧʯƽ˭˵ţΪʲôҾԼѹֻԲԣֻֻ첲ȶʼˣֻҪֻܸأ 

󡭡⡢ʲôʲôҿʡ 

˵ͻȻֵұ󣬡žһƨһƣұҡҡ׹һֻø첲һһҲ֪ôľֱֱ֣ǰˤȥޱվǰµ̯˫֣ʵʵұ 

ǰһ뻹ޱͻȻЦ 

̲ˣˣߺߵƿˣǲǣûŹ򣡡 

ǲǣæץס֣ε§סңŹ򣬿ҵСӹ̫һʱˡ 

ãʲô򣿡ҵ 

ͷҶߵŹרġְβţ㾭ôǷǷż⣬ֵܱԣ˵꣭㡮ˣȻܡһǬ۳ɳˣ 

쵰һӲ˵ҷģ 

һЦЦˣ緢Ȼ첻鷿ߣҴȥ䣡 

ģ־ϲ̰Ѹղŷ׵Ժ󣬲ֺ˵˻סܣ㣬ҪԾľ¥侩ĹŶ꣡ 



Ĵȥ˾ĹŶ꣬һ¥ĵ棬ֽԴŶС 

߽ţиʮµӭүе񣬡ûСˣ¶ͦæɣ 

ĵ˵ͷŤͷҵףλǲĺϰ壬ϰһһģµŶģֶ빬æ 

ҿǰòͷе㻳ɡ 

ĺתһҾλüĿ㣬Ʈݲ֪ļҵĹӣĳ׾Ȼûӵ档 

ҡǡȻ˵Һͽǡ׵Ĺϵһʱ벻Ĵ𰸡 

ϰ壬ʱҽΧĵǽˡ 

ޣֲʮ㡢ʲԭǽˮĲӣ 

ã˵̫ˣҾ֪⾩˲żüãһ˶߻ۣܿ·׵Ĺ֮ 

Ѳܣ̶תͷңף㳳ҪŶ꣬ʲô 

šתת飬ܸ˵ 

ôأҪ 

Ҳˣƫƫǲܸ㡣 

Ϊʲôף˵ɣ 

ϰƺл˵ֲóȻǣֻһ߸վšע⵽ϰ壬˵ʲô 

үƺסòĳͻȻСһö׹ģʵºͣǳ֮ʺ׹ 

Ϊʲô˺֮ġ 

λԺ򡣡ϰת¥һһߵߣ򿪽͵ǰ뿴 

⡭ôСΪǸʲôö˭֪ԭֻǸͭǮС׹СҲˣƫƫɫҲ԰ɫĶһģ˵ʲôر𣬾һƬëӣƺܾϸȻ׹һ޿ȡˡ 

ףƺȤ͵ϸ۲һʵϰ壬׹ĲϣĪǾĹź񣿡 

үˣϰ͵һĴȣ׹ӣǧҪСֹźΪ֮С׹Ѿܴˡ 

ģҺɵĿһۡ 

ĳôƭүѣĺæ 

˰֣Բĺ˵ˣϰ岻ؽţ׹šǺҲãѵõ׵֡ϰ壬׹۶٣Ҫˡ 

ȻүеģĳȻҿۣĿ𣿡˵ϱȸơ 

Ƕ٣ãȻĿֿ 

ף˵ͷʵϰʲôʱ򷽱㣬ȡӾˡ 

ϰƢ˵С£󸮰ܼˣүġ 

šһͻȻ֣ף 

ʲô 

׹ҲϣֱΪģƣÿɲժ 

ҵͷͻȻѪŪŪҲ˵ãժϴʱҲժ 

б۾ңͻȻҴһѣһгæҧס촽һЦü˵ãͽϣ߰ɡ 

ҵķӦһҵ֣Ҫߡ 

ȵȣֵȳȥȳȥҪʲϰ塣 

ʲôôذƺõҡ 

ҲŲأٽ˵ˣȥȥ 

Ȼ⣬ֲң㬵˳ȥ 

תͷĺһĿɿڴңҿεĿһȿȡš֪׹ʲôԸ 

ڲ˼ʲôҸղǾ仰˵ôСѵȥˣˣأ 

ϰ壬ֻ֪ʯͷԿ̣֪ɲԣ 

ţȻҲԣѶȴһ㣬Բʲô˶ġ 

붨һ񡭡ͷһʱ֪ôݣͻȻϷһīܹȥ˸ţݸĺ㿴ܲ 

ĺ¿ˣû⣬ʲôʱҪ 

֣ǲý֪ϰұвУ 

ԡ 

Ǻãһ˹ȡ¹ 

ĺΪΪѣСһִ١֪ĳҪиϵһĳֻգҲֻĶĳŸóүǹĿ 

ҳƬ̣ǡǾͲҪôϣºˣҲǧǧý֪ 

ǣĳףס 

ŷģܳȥҽ 

Ƶվſڣҳһôļӣҵôã 

ָЦģģ뵱ڽϣײʱҲôͷģ 

ף 

˺ˣҰ 

Ϊʲôͱ͵͵ 

İûʲôã͵͵̧һָ촽ϣͣ룬ûҪͣ˼͵ذǸָϣ˵ˣ仰Ǻģ̶ѹôŶ㹻ˣ 

סˣǷɵӻɰЦЦҶˡ 

ڻָ̬һٶȻ͵͵ҵ֣ףɰôܲ㣡 

ǳԷȥ 

͵طۣף޺޵˵治ɰ 



һҽС󡱵ľ¥Ҹ˵ 

˵Ǿľ¥ƽʱĲǴٹ˾ǻ׹ݡ 

ߣҳӣôҲǸСϰգ 

ôСϰգСף 

һȴòĻֿ˻ 

ŲˮʵλүԵʲô 

ʲôңϷòþûϷˣ͵㼸Ϸ˰ɡ 

ð㣬ˡ 

šĥƬ̣ȡѼŴź 

˵ŴźҵıͻȻһ£æסҵ֣ʵôˣ 

ŴźֵĲˣԴ뿪ԺûԹˡȻ 

̾˿תͷԻƵˣȵٿչˡ 

Ӧһȥˡ 

תͷңʵôˣ¶ѡ 

ҡҡͷϵ룡 

Ĭһ˵ףúö飬꿪ƾȥμӿƾ٣ССøʱٻȥҲ½簡 

ҳĬŵͷҵͷȻͲˣֻ˵һ극ٵĵطתת׳һˣôҲҪŻظ 

ͻȻû£һٷҲԵûɡ 

ԹȥԹŶһֵƿƿ޹ޣʱҵ¶Ժ󣬿ĵ˹ȥһҽһҵĿֱڣҲűһѱΪã߸˵Ļ˸ 

ĺӦͻˣѾͷƺҲջķᣬ֧ƽӺͼѣӦֻ֬ˮۣѾͷƺ˷У˵ֱͣŶǳȥǲδʰǵıطߣӦľȻ˸ᡣ 



һһĹȥʼÿϳҾʵʵĸŸϯѦʦү飬ʾҵȷĻŬΪȡ׼ 

󼸴ҪҪᵽԺȥҶشˣȻǱߺƯϾԼءҲǿңÿϹޣǼ£ƺΪԣһҪһΣȻԶŪΪ֣ÿζʹʹ꣬һҪҳܲſϷŹңףȻ֪ĶŪֶ˵Ȥ 

콣ϳ˳ܵһžͽеףֽɸҸòʹȥ£ 

ȥ뾩ôԶǲҪȥþã 

һۣ᲻һȥ˵һ䲻Ǵûӣ 

ȴ²ߵףҺúʲôԵõģһ٣һҾʹƨһƣ˳ҾҪ֪ûУ 

ƵĲȻ²͸󵽵״򲻴һȥҲˣҵСʤ»ҲڵҲԣúö飬Ϊ꿪׼ 

ô˵ǲˣҵ͵һһֱ϶Ʋ֡ 

վɴޣҺԼȥ˯ҹеԣ봫Ⱦ㡣 

ˣûнҽ 

ãֲʲôëƵ˵ 

˭֪ȻǾĸ뽪һԼˣ 

Ȼ˵߾ߣ쵰ԸĨһ֮ԽԽˣ 

ڴϷӱֱĸģģ˯ȥʹͻȻѣûۣģģʵʲô 

ףҪϳˡǽ󣬺һҹߣôңףҸˣϳҪġ 

ߣỹãһͲһұһȭӹȥûң 

ٺһЦ֪İѱסףúã˯ˣҹˡ 

ߣڲ֪Ѿˡ 

ߺҲû˼˯ɴഩ𴲣׼īд֡ 

ߣ룬ֽд 

֮ 

ɴأ 

Ǭ 

¶ 

дˣЦЦæµѾͷӦģʶʶ֣ 

ӦĴҲʶĽʶò١ 

ãҶ˵дʫ˵ó͡ 

ǡ߹ϵֽϸһͻȻԳЦϲȫҲףү׵ġ 

Ϳˣ 

ߣҲ˵ĺһ 

ļҲȰңֻ˵үϳǰԸˣ˵дĶūŵ㣬ү˳һҪģ 

Ǻĺ 

ҺݺݵһۣͷԼͻȻһŰֽд 

ףѣһСߣڿǺ£ز㣡 

дһƪдҲ࣬ʱҪ鷿ˣͰֽͬʫݸģԸ鷿ȥˡ 



鷿ʱ߿ֽҽ̰һҵףдĶԵõģûһá˵ʫȫ·ҲѹϣسǰһҪԸѦʦүϼӶĹΣ 

ߣȻҵϽţѵûרдģ 

ҪǻĽѵ͵س嵽סͷ 

ףԭؽңʲô̬ȣҸ˵Ļûȥ 

Ҵ 

Ҳ죬һͻȻסһֽáֱ죬˷ܵĵˣֻҪһԵõģȫˣ 

һ̺Լںôܱһ仰ͶùԹԿڣ 

ţԼȥˡֻɳɳ֮šһڱʼϣ죬ƺվŽŲߵߣűңףҼʲôȥ 

һ 

ף͵ƿҵıӣӲǰҴӴơ 

Ʋƣҽ۾Ƶҡͷ 

ЦЦͻȻ֮䣬ݺڴڲһѡ 

Ҿһ͵صɴ۾ŭÿζף㲻Ҷ 

͵ͣסͻȻֽٵ֮䣬ҴĿֻֽϣıʼļϵ֣ 

Сף 

ҶʱĿࡣ 

ֽЦңƣǲǴͳԵõȫˣ 

㡭㡭˵㡱˰ΣֱŲӽеǿ뵽ҪһȥҲŲ飡 

εҡҡͷͻȻеӦģ 

ѾͷǴӵðһ䣬ĳſڡ 

ǸףҶ˵ʲô 

ǣݵӦ̽ӿڣү׹׼ŵĶҪŹӲȻ֪үԸǸ׼·Ϊ˻Ƶϣùӡ½硯 

ĵͷתͷʵˣ 

㡭ҾۿһȣöˣΪΣ͵ȥѽڴϣסĲӽеϷŪңϷŪң򣡡 

˺ˣҵЦôǻǻұǡףʫãĲŻ꿪һȡ 

ߣĹĵĵ֪һˣղŻϷŪң 

ĵҵʵΪʲôƭ㣿 

Ϊʲô˵ңһԭ㣡 

Ϊû˵ȿЦΪҾϲĹĵӡ 

 

һȥ֡ 









5 



ҿʼȫȫ׼еһҺͽѾͷʰֻ׼½硱ʱ˺ 

Բ˵ˣҿʲôãʲôشһ󳵣޿κεĿЦǰңôôණ 

ĶĶҳӣָͷϤҵĴ㣬ǸҵġǣһҪͺһϻĽΣҾþͦãͷһ֧ȻһֱûûСչһ 

ЦΪʲôѾͷһûûСףҪһԼ 

ãҲƽϣ˵طһֱҶ飬ҲҪͣšʹԴһķıˡв壬˽ˣһֱҪָһв࡭ 

˵࣬Ҳɵÿ˽һۣڽϲһѣҲײ㣬ûײ㣬Ҳн죬ԣȻ൱ʱҶȥһǵڹҲˡ 

²гŵʱͻȻµʱͿ쵽ˣˣ˭ȥԴ¾Բñ֪ȥԵȻܼˡ 

ǡ½硱Դе£ת۾ͱӵԴȥˡ 

ƽ۵һչȥȻںڴǼ£ԽԽϲŪЩ߰Ķ 

һƿʲô㡱־֪Ǻö 

йζֱĸ컹ҲžͿɼһߡʱڿ˯һҲȻ˯͡ 

ͻȻ뵽Ե޹ʰ鷿ʱŲ磬˳Ͳµһᾭ 

𴲺ϴ軻£Ȼ벻֪з緹ࡣ 

ԵһûһڣӦ߽һͻȻ˵ӣɫãǲ̫ˣ 

ǡ𣿡ڸСѾͷ˵Сһͱȥ 

̫ˣҶԺģĽҲûʲô񡣡 

ҪûóŪȣš˵ȡ 

Ӧ̾˿ʳûʲôãĽ۳ġ 

۵ģҲ̧ͷûʲôػѵб֧ʹ˭Ӧ㲻ú£ֻܸңظ˵ 

Ӧ̾˿ǵ治ףĽùۻġ 

ңָԼıӣ°ͼҪϡ 

ɲǣӦķϿң̫ലҪϴңľ͵òЩү˺Ƶ£˵۵˭ 

֪СѾͷģҴ˵Ҹ˵ȥϴ·ϴڡ£ҲôһΣЦ˵ 

СѾͷҷƺ˵ʲôΪԼ᧿Σʹ飬ͻȻһ족ӦĵЦ 

ű̡һƿվſڣһ˪ĵӦģ㵨ԽԽˣ·ϣ㻹ǲǵԼǸūţ 

ӦĻһ𣬡ͨһڵϣ߶µӦ֪ˣ֪ˣүӦΣ 

þûŭһʱԭأֱкҪӦġϳȥ򡱣Ҳ͵ػعܹȥסŵתͷʽôˣƽʱҲģΪʲôҪ𣿡 

һȻشҵ⣬ֻԽʲô֣ 

֣ҲӦǰҵŽеӦҵˣҪȵ˵˼ 

ҶӰΣصĳ˿߷ŵӦϣ´֪˵ĵĻֱӰƤ 

ǣӦĲңҲˣӦŵû߶Ӧ 

ȥ 

ӦĸϿվͷ˳ȥ 

һۣͻȻҲǣ 

ԡ˳ȥߵſڣͻȻһţۡһϣ͵ش˸սãȻǰŭİĽ 

㡭ôˣΪʲôΪʲôͻȻòˡСʵ 

Ķңұûĺë֪ëȻĸо 

ãˣͻȻ̾˿֣ףұ 

ҹԹĻʵʵߵ§ 

Ҷͷ˼£ͻȻʵףһ죬ҪȥһΣյĵطΣյʱû᲻һȥ 

룬͵ҡҡͷ 

᣿𾪵ңʢŨŨʧ䡣 

ҡҡͷȻ͵СС˵ҡȥ 

ͻȻұúýýصĳ˿ԲˣԺ󲻻ˡ 

ҡҡͷʵʲôˣΪʲôô𣬻ֵ⣿ 

ûʲô˵ģûʲô 



ϣݺݵĺȣĶͱ鶼ƽʱͬȫ˼ҵĸоƵģֻһζ󻶣ұüȥ˼סûнͣʱ򣬽Ȼһ䰲οĻû˵ƽһе´档 

ڶһճѾϳȥˣĺӦĽź𴲣ҷӦ۾׵ģ˳ȥԺֺһͨ 

ϴԺҹҸ֧ĳȥӦĵ£㲻÷ϣӦһÿɰûЦݣǾͲӦˡ 

һ仰˵ӦȦֺˣæ˺ˣ첻źˣݺúЪһ죬ٹɡ 

Ӧҧҧ촽ƺ˵ʲôڻû˵ҾһҾͿųȥˡ 

һҹĲģֱڲŻҴ¶һЦȥ׼Ķߴߴ˵ͣȴʼһԲҵòӦҲû¡ 

Ҳ˵ˣֹסҵģԥ˰ΣףĲ£ҡøˡ 

ΪʲôҶʱʧ 

ҽɹ췴Ѿ칥ŹˣԶӧҪ֡ 

͵һҹ˲ϸȥΪʲôɵԭûʲôԺٻȥˣҲ˵ؼҲ㡮½硯 

ǿЦЦҵվǷ飬ҪôҶ㣬һӦ 

šתת飬ЦǾͷ²׼ҵ֣ڻеء 

̾һұøԲҲãˡ 

͵Ŵͣû뵽ĴӦҲ˵˵ѣ 



ӣȻĲȻȴ֪Ϊʲôûȥֻȥѩ 

ĴϢÿÿһүȻģҲûԼڡ 

ЩϢҵҲһղһա 

װµ޵ˣ˸磬һܳȥֱԴŶС 

ĺȻһţӭЦ׹ˣҪĻѾˣ˺ü죬ҹ׹⼸վ͵ùãһֱء 

Ǿóҿ 

ǡĺ¥˸ݵ 

Ҵ򿪿̾ĵͷϰ壬λѵչȻá 

׹ͺáĺͷ 

뻳óСδĳݵĺǰϰ壬ûôӣǴģӦùǮˡ 

ĺֵ׹ϲȥˣ׹ӴСģֶǱƽģӲó 

ǾѹʲôʱǮ͹꣬Ҵ͸ԲҸǮ 

ĺȻӦãӦãȻˣĳͶȰ׹ţʲôʱͷ㣬ʱȡˡ 

ҵͷתҪţͻȻϴһĽŲơԶ 

һ棬ߵſڳȥȻһ̾ӣƺƵӽͷ߹Ϊ׵ֳһ죬ɷдһġ֡ 

ҿĳ̲סǳ͢ľ𣿸ʲôȥ 

ĺæشӲ֪𣿽ǽӰ 

һͻȻǰս˵үҪ飬ʵүǲǣ 

ǡĺشҵ⣬ƺˣ˵սӧŹأһĻҪУ̫ΣյɾܾĻ;Ȼڻʹⳤ𣬿뵱ּ׼УϸпһƬģ׼鴫ַҶ˵Ļ֪ͼһΪʵ 

šҿžӺƺƵԴſ߹ŲĺղŵĻҲĻ⣭ΪֱǸүáĶȥˡ 

ţԺһ͵뵽ʲôæʲĺǸĻͽʲô 

ʲôĺȻŪֻ˵񡭡ճµġ 

أʵ 

ĺΪѵҡҡͷĳʵڲ֪ˡ 



ɵĳԴУһ·˼㱣ĺղ˵Ļ뵽ģҵǸ⣬һʱҪɤĳ 

ģģ 

ֻϵǣΪշգΪСףһҪǣţȥԺ͸һϲģ 

˳ֱܻԺһžѩ 

ף׹ˣôܵͷ󺹣 

ҹ˲ϴȲʵأ 

үϳû 

ҵҳԷȥ 

ݣͻȻ뵽⣭һʲôطýԼȥ֣񲻱ֱøãһ˷תţ 

ƿ 

ã 

˭û»ȥƿ 

¹ 

ã 

ֲԼȥ·ѾͷٽʧȥȤ 

Ͳ 

ã 

һ첻дô죿 

һ˺üͷҵĿڴϣ 

ţǴãͷ棬˯һѣӿʱܷ׵⣬Ȼľϲ̲סȥң 

Ҵˣ̲סԼٺһɵЦЦˣӻǿߵߣһϵӣ 

ĶأҪѵֲѵ̫ۣ 

ͻȻҵ鵽һǳУҲѹ棬ֻǱȽϿߣûȫƿֻ¶һǳ 

ʲô 

Һץסһǣ 

һײ͵ס 

Ҳڱ˶棬ǺܺҶ棬ֻǵħһεģҲ 

͵ʧȥЦݣİȫĲ 

ȥϵֶۣ̫ƣҽҧס촽ļţˡãáͲһ㡭Ͳһ㡭 

ڽ⿪ˡ 

Ŀı̣Ҳ˵һ仰 



ԼôܻģҲԼץסʲô⣬ֻǵĵĴ𰸣ǰ׹ô֪үճµģ 

Ҷʱȫ͵صϡ 

ӣôˣӣʼڽңãȻ̧ͷ 

ȥɣһ˴ 

ǡ 

ȥɡ 

һͷĳȥˣֻʣһˣҰѴԴû߬߬úýýҵֶʧȥֱ 

 

 

Ҳ֪Լ˶ãұײĴžѣųĽʱѾһƬڡ 

ֱ嵽ǰھʣҵأ 

Ҿ 

֪˵ 

֪һץסҵļҵҡҵ壬ʵʵóûУûУ 

оһҵѣΣı۾ 

ףҶߴ󺰣һ飬أأ 

ţͷԼյ֣Цˣãҵúõģ 

ףʼﲻҪҿЦûУ˵ 

ɵͷԼ֣ҡͷ 

㣭 

žصһƶϣǾΥ˵ĸоҽסҵĳббˤڵϡ 

һ̣ͷץסݺݵšҵӣҧһ飬ҵصĶȥˣҪװƣҪΪҲɱ㣬ûУ·𡢰ף 

ҶϽ۾ҫŭͻȻȤˡ 

ãðЦţʶҵ߬ø 

㣡 

ұס͵شӵק顱һƵڴϣ 

ۣü 

һ̣ұץӵϣҲݺݵİҷȥһҵĿӣ 

ʶҪʲôͻȻһ˿־ĸоŤӾгҪҪ󣬲Ҫ 

Ķ 

Ĳ֪ҾŵĽе 

֪޺޵ظţһ̣Ҹеһ˺ѷεľʹȻĽҵ壡 

ҲҽһҪҪĲ֪Ĳ֪ 

ãҾ֪ 

صײҵʹңУİĽ󡭡 

ڱ޺Ҫ󣬲Ҫ󣡽󣡲ҪôңҪôҡ 

ӦҵˣӦǱ˺ʱһҵˣҵӢۣ 

㲻ǽ㲻ҵĽ󣡲ǲǣҴź 

ȫΪֻǺݺݵĥҡ 

ҿ˺ܾúܾãֱΪ޲ֻܵ۾ĬĬᡣ 

ȻȻоκʹֲָоͷԼģҼֲԼιȥʶԽԽԺ 

Ҫһץסҵ֣߬ҿʼƲԼˣУҵҪסҵ񡭡 

߬ûȵʯڴﻬ䣬ײŵ棬ı۾һƬڣҿκζҲ뿴κζֻҪҵһķʯڿ˼仰ԼԽидµ仰 

ָǬ 

¶ 

 

һʱӢʱˮĽǲҵĽ 



ΪԼҲѹһˡ 

κϴβͬʱǰֻվһ۾Ӧġ 

ãȻʵôˣ 

ӦĲ˵ͻȻ˳ӣҶԲ㣡ոաү۸㣬ҡҲҽ 

һʹı۾ˣȥɡ 

ӣӦĿźҰɣֻ㲻ҪӦĳȥҪӦģ 

Ҳ˵һ仰 

ҹҿʼգڴһҲɢ˼һһۡ 

ĺӦĴ粽չҵ˿תķҶӣүҸ̫ҽɡ 

ұ۾ҡҡͷ 

̾˿Ӧߵſڣȥѩúչ˹ӡ 

š 

ڶȴֺʲôҲû 

̫ҽڻˣ˿ڸȾȫ飬˭֪һҵ죬ҾƲסĿʼ󾹿Ʋס޳ңң 

̫ҽŻˣֻܿ˸׵ҩ뿪ˡ 

İҩ͵ҴǰӦĶһ࣬ѾͷһһȰҵ 

ӣȺɡ 

óҩ 

ûӦӦҨһ͵ߣӣ㣬㲻ΪԼΪūǰͰ͵һޣͳ˰ɡӦľûȥˣ˵ֳ꣬ҭҭ 

վһҲ۾ 

ҿһۣſڰˣǲһ¶ǣθһģ͵ſͷŻ 

θûжֻŻһ̲ˮûµĸоȥ 

Ӧŵûֽţ͵ع£סҵļ޳ӣӣҲãҰɣֻҪֻܳҪĲܺãҲûԹԹӣ 

һ޳Ҳ̲סˣӦĹһӣȥǰ취ҽưɣˡ 

ҷ֧ɻشϣ۾ɵô컨壬һԲ 

ͻȻŲšˡһűƿˣи˴󲽳˽һѰҴӴڸʲô˲ҽҲˣȻ޴УһضûУˣ 

үүҪץסĸ첲ӲúղŻѳԵĶˣʵھڡ 

ڣ˵װͬ顭 

İŤһߣеȵĶ۾ 

ǰİĲԾѾþû˵ˣūĺ¹ӡ 

ʲô˲ɡ 

ұصӻصϣһʱ䣬һǰһͻȻûһƬ޵İɫ۾ȴʲôҲ 

УͻȻһ˻ļУ˵ˣ 

Ӧģ嵽ǰƵִִ򣬼޺ţƭӣħڿ˵ѵôҪѹĥʲôӲſס֣ǲһү㣬ȫү˾ͶǷģҪծ 

һƿӦģεץסݺݵĴӦģͻȻûûСūȥˣ 

ҪҾһ´һȴֱֱԵڵϣűߣץס½ǰ󣬡Ҫɱ㲻Ҫɱ 

ⲻ˵ˣץҼͷ·һӻصϣĶңɭɭ³֣ȥ 

Ҫ͵ģˣҪһȴݺݵĵ˻ȥ 

ӦıȥѾͷ˻ߵĿ޺ţӣӦû±źӰɡӣӱأ 

ҪҪ૵߽ͻȻǰһڣһͷڴϡ 



۾һ˵ӭΪʲôֻޱߵĺڰ 

ڴǰģֻп۾ģһлкͻȻ֪ںδӦأ 

Ķ˶촽ţӡ 

ƺ˵ȥˣȴȻף̼Ҳʲ 



ҵһձһնӣʲôʲôһˮҲԭⲻ³ҾȻѵʱ̣Եʱ䳤 

Ⱥҽÿתתȥȴֻ۰ͰͿһ㲡 

ûҲûжľ 

ÿÿҶߵҽүˤʲôʲôȥִҶܳ 

һջһգһԺѹʪǩҵ촽ѹĸͷӣôɽղ͹һ˲Ƭ˵ﺬŵģ͸һƬòã 

һشѾתӴͷСʲôҵ죬˽ȥ 

ˣңͻȻ̾˿˵ӣɣһڲˡүˤҽ˵Ѿ϶ ղžɽʱ˵үڹѡѱɡˣ֪ˡ˵˵أ¡»ᡭ 

Ļû˵꣬ͻȻ顱һƿһȺӿҵԷֱӳ嵽ǰӴϰ 

ľһסңλˣӻأʲô˵ɺã 

Ϊ׵һ̫磬žƳ񣬰´һôĶҲˣʥϻĸ㰲ţ治֪յ㣡 

־£Աߣ⻰ʲô˼湫Ӱʲô 

̫ࡰߡһƳʥּڴˣ·׽ּˣ 

ĬĬҵģ͵ضŵֻ㵹˵ּѽˣ·ףˣ 

ˣʵԻ·ףɻյ䣬ܻ壬ӦϤѧԴձЧ͢ϧ·ײ֪أ·ϣԻʵ⣡δã£ش·Ѿһ˶ϣմˣ 

ҪĲҺ 迪һ棬׹һɣҲ˵˹ùɣ 

󵨣̫еʥּ£˭еΥּ·ף㻹ǸϿּɣ 

ҪҪĴǰǺˣûԻүûУ 

һȥ 

ĵĸ첲ֻܿܿ޺ţӣӲҪȰµү˵һȹӵģһģ 

ľȻڵϣһ̣Ȼǰδеƽ̧ͷּ̫࣬ʣأ 

̫ƺҵƽһ˰ΣȻعеѾƶ 

һߵǰҾĿλεľƱһֶۣ 

ӣĴ󺰡 

ŤͷͻȻЦˡ 

ӡҪȡȻ 

Ҳ͵һͷѶһ 

ӣ˻г 

ƽľֲǣͻȻʶξû³̿Ц 

̫ʰƱҵϸƣƺȷҵǰѾƺˣһ˦ӣкһ˵ȳ˳ȥ 

˵ߣһѱסҿ޵ôˣﲻΪʲôôɵΪʲôĵĻӡ 

ͻȻöһȣһϳʹʹҼڵϡ 

Ĵ󾪣סҾӣһȥ̫ҽӼһһĻ 

ţͻȻ˴߿һ˷һ˽һƿģڵϰҽס˻еףף㿴ңңǽǽ󰡣 

ҿǰһпʼɢеʹƺѾԽԽԶ֫ʼӲѾҵģŴͣȴؿںƣҿҪϢˡ 

ףף㲻Ҫ˯㿴ҿҰףȻںѾˡ 





6 



ĳĶ˵װΪʲôܱͬĺӼ򵥣κ˶ɺˣӣԺԿġ 

ÿô˵ͻסο˵ʲôӾʲôӣͻСԺ󳤴ˣ¶ˣȻģڳԿիʺᱣġ 

ĻǶԵġ 

Ϊҵȷ󣬾Ȼٴѹ 

ӣˣ̫ˡ̫ˣߵǸϲӦİɡ 

ϤܣãȻʵҡû 

ûУûУֻ˯˺þúþãڶŪȡ 

һᣬͻȻԼˣҶǰ󱳣á˵ 

ķɳȥһͶһСĵĶ˵ߣڵӣι㡣 

ҵ˵ͷ 

Ҩһ࣬͵СĵĴ˴Ȼݵߣſˡ 

ȵĸо˳ʳθ˵ 

ңĵЦˣҨһιӣٳһڡ 

İһˣİŵߵİϣӶЦӣûаѶ³㷢𣿡 

ţôһ˵ҲͻȻʶû£Ҿθȵĺ 

ģͷģ΢΢Ĳ죬ҡҺˣ 

ǰɣЦ˵ӻԵһ 

һ£Ҳľ 

ǰ˯һˣһ£̫ҽÿ춼ڹߣ̫ҽҽĺܸ˼ΣȻŸӿץҩ룬˳ĵãӳҩʱ򣬾ûµôˣľһҲˣÿζܺúõİҩȥ 

𣿡ҵ͵͵ĸп 

ڱӣʵӺȲˮ 

áҴӦš 

ܵȥ˱ˮȥӣ첲ȴû˿̧һ󾪻̣ҵĸ첲ôˣ 

ӱ£æҵʵһһֱںһ˻ԵҩȻˣҩЧûȫȥ᲻ʹЩӾûˡȫǰιˮòã 

أԲĵͷĵְˮˣĵӹ£˵˵и̫ҽҿǡϲǴˣ 

ǣҴ£ڵӣʵһ£ķ˺ܶ飬˶ƾͻȥүһʹ飬Ĳ֪ô˵ϵģ֮ʱ򣬾Ͱ̫ҽ̫ҽǶһ˸ⶾѩ˵գñ˿Ĳ֪̫ҽʲôӾȻ˹ӣȷѹϵĶˡ̫ҽү˵ӵֲ̫˽ҽΣùӷҩ˯ܸܲţȫĸβү̾ʹӦˣ˵ֻҪܾȹӵʲôӦ 

Ĵ½ëһʹ 

ļҵģĵʵôˣ 

ҡҡͷǿûʲô˵ɡ 

ĿҰΣϸӣʵүһֱܵ㡭 

˵ҾĴģʵأ 

̫ҽͿʼģֿ˼ҩӵһպùһգֻһֱѡ̫ҽү˵Ҳӵ̫ˣϸֻ˯ҩԲŻٳٲѡ˵ʮͷϣѩͻȻңҴ˵үոϳ͸˵ʰҪϸŹأףүһ֮ 

ʶҧҧ촽ļˣСӣôˣ 

û¡һҡͷ 

ӿǵү 

ǣҴͣƬ̣Ժ£Ҫ˵ 

ӣ 

ˣ¡ 

ƺкܶ໰Ҫ˵Ѿ۾ϣ̾˿ֻСĵķ¡ 

ҳ˿ŬһͷϳȥʲôҲ롣 



̫ҽϤĵ£ҽˡ 

Ӵˣұ㿪ʼʰûʲôһжҵģֻʱ򣬵͵֪ŵļ·һӡ 

ļʰСңӣʲôòҪߣ 

û˵Ҳûֻͣǵͷ 

˰ΣͻȻӣѵһ֮㲻ϲү 

ʶҧס촽ϲƺǺܾúܾǰйһָоõͷѾһƬãȻ 

ļҲ˵ֵӣүֶȥˣֻԶү˵ʱӣԶͷ 

͵һΪĵĻ뵽ǸÿɰӦġ 

£ԸȥԶҹл˵ 

ӦһȥһͰ 

˰Զ̲סʳӣǡ 

ϵİؼˡ 

ɰӣԶºʮ߬ڹһߣֻʮˣ 

סǣҧҧǡǾͶԡ˵һҪߣס 

ͻȻͨһ£Ȼӣү飬ūŽ͵أһҪߣ빫̤ʬţ 

˵ꡰᡱһγ嵶ٹͷݵǰ 

͵ҧס촽Ǳ 

ԶŹ£ԵӣºȻȻүļҾ졭 

ǰŵˣһȻһУǱλεĵǰǣֱͷΣȻסͷſϣ첲ѹס˰ȡһǰдҵţҼǵȫĲ֣ 

 

үͻȻãټҽԾ 

ү裬ʵ·֮ҡȥǣɽˮȫѧĪ˼үأΨѧɣү֪֮;·϶Ϊ֮ 

֡ 

ͻȻԺһ֣Ҽ̲סҪƿڴԼ·װ·ףôʥ飬ȻڲſţȻ֣ǳ滰ΨǾ䡰;·϶Ϊ֮Ҫ˵ģף㣬̲Ŷ㷲С 



ڻûߡ 

ȻѾʧȥԭеϣʮвվ޹˼Ѫ 

ֿʼѦʦү飬ñԭרĵöࡣ 

˵ҵĻԽԽ٣ƺϰڵҡ 

ֻĲĶҵ飬˵ʲôҷĵģǾӦģȥѾͷĹվû˵ڣǱǸõŮӣҸʲôȥһ 

콥ȥˣ֦ͷʼһ㴺ϢչµʱŹͻȻһ춯صϢ 

Ҵ鷿ġԶſڣһģȻһ˿̱Źصľɽ 

ҳɽ棬˵⣬ɽ嵽ǰи񣬴׹ӣүͿˡ 

ҵĿһ̧ۣȼߡ 

ɽಽ󣬼ӣɽ˼ǣүѾ˹мܽˣɽǿӱ޸ϻġ 

ߵſڣͣ£תһ·ˣȥЪŰɡ˵꣬ƿ߽ȥְϡ 

ӣɽ²Ъţ»ҪϽȥү˵Ϣϡ 

Ȼת͵ϣʶ뿪ţһֹסˡ 

ӣɽЩүƣʵڲ˳;棬þҽŹҽΡүԼԼʲô⣬һ棬ӲǱ̣ǧĴŹظϻӵʱүѾԲѡǸˣ˵ĶǴֻ²֪үִﾩʱǲǡǲǻһΪ˼һ棬ȴȴˡүһģ˭˵ȥ 

ҽסϵľͷֻֿٵۡ 

ӣɽ˵Ķ˵ˣɽͽʥˣ 

һɽԶĽŲԺ 

ͻȻһ£Ҿһ£ɴ۾˺һſˣĳſڣһۣͻȻгӣôѪˣĿ 

ץסҵ֣Сļţһʣ۵𣿸ղŻúõģôŪһش𣬾ܵСȡҽҩСĴ˿ڣһߴһʣô۲ۣ 

ĿԼ֣ûʲôղſŵʱָ̫˶ѣۣĲֱֱۡ˵ 

ĵ̾ȻӻôںүΪʲôɴԭүŹˣүڸǰүȴðΣջҪȻǹӰ 

ҽҧס촽һ仰Ҳ˵ 

ļ⸱ģŵæӱ𼤶ҧԼˣ߻ûأ 

͵ƿĳ˳ȥѾͷ󾪣׷ͽ͵ĺţӣȥĶ 

ţԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ûʶԼҪȥĶһҲܲͣԼȻվڻ԰ľϣǰ治Զɽɽͤӣһκһαǣһκͱ˼֮סɽȻһ󱯴Ȼڵϣ޳ҿ޵úôô˲û᲻˾᲻Цңֻ֪ٲʹʹһһ 

ƲסĴţֱ޵ȻƺԲܷйҵʹ̧࣬ͷմ󺰳 

쵰ΪʲôǳĵΪʲôΪϲŭ˺ңΪʲôܵ·ףΪʲôϲһϲң㲻ҵĽҲϲĽҺ㣡㣡ԭ㣡ԶᣡԶᣡ 

һ仰ھƣſڵϣƲסĳšҽץס͵͡͵͵߽ΪʲôҪɱӦġôԭ㡭 



جج죬ڻصҽҲˮƵĸϹ 

硢ԶɽһȺѾͷſڣҽţӵĽɴ۾ŵذ塣 

һһ죬Ҳݽһ죬ľң˵ʲôһ䡰Ȱң̹ȥ˻ȥ 

ĿųȥȰһȺ˻ȥӦһһȰҡ 

ҲĳŲסˣһ£뿪ˡ 

߽ĽһҲ˵ָָš 

ҧҧ촽ӣһҪ˵үϳҩмõҩ˳ǻȥʱҲҧýġ˵ˣͳȥ 



ڶ죬һȺĹԺſڣ첻ͬǣмһġȻһ򵽻ƻ裬ʱɽ嵽ſڴӣү£ӹȥһ棬ӿԹȥɱүֻҪүһ棡 

͵ᣬȴȻסһ 



죬ҲٿЩǷȻſڣΪԼѾʼͷ͡ 

ҶԼһƬңʲô޷롣 

֪˶ãͻȻ⴫һϼݵҴ𾪣Ѿ֨ѽһƿˣͻʴӣҾֵ⣬۾ͶļӰ 

ǶšһͳŭȴȻһơ 

ǣһӦŵٴαˡ 

òһźͽ߰˷ƣȴȻܶ 

ҲĬĬĿңǾôſ˺ܾãڣˣ 

ȻģǺǷǳ񡣡 

ھʹ޵Ļ⣡ 

ҲٴΰתƵϡ 

ߵ£ŲıӣͻȻŲ̴ 

ЦһҵȻţֲû͹ 

֪Ϊʲôջس֪ôƵģʡ 

̧ͷȴȻ˵ 

˱裬һڣЦø󣬰͵̫Ҳ͵ˣҶѵãҲһС 

Ȼѻһ̲ס죬ҵģЦЦʵҲףǽģ㻹𰸣˵㻹ûȫģ˵ĶԲԣ 

̲סҧҧ촽 

һ֮˼ССһôܶù 

ҵı飬ЦЦһڲŵʵҪ㽣ʲôã͹ʱֻͶˣ 

㡭ʲô˼̲סʵ 

ȴ˵ˣȻƷ裬ͻȻʣϲζôζЩ֣ˣһˮ¶Ȳԣ 

һĥ˵ģ 

̲סۣһ飺ղŵĻʲô˼ε˺ü 

ңȻ¶һζЦݣͻȻ֣þˣͳкܴǵģһһģĹ˹ģȱһһۣһҧ֮䣬ôһ˵ķ顭ߣҲûɫ磬ްɣȥ㲻ʲôͷ֮ˣ 

㡭ӣåұһϯôԷɣڲԵĴ 

ȻŭһȤң֪ΪʲôôϲˣֻСҰè湻ζԽҰԽƯе㶯ˣ 

Ȼ󲽳߹һסҵ°͡ 

ұ¶ǵͷ˵ľٶŵûֻܿݻ׳棺㡢ʲô֣ûУ쵰֣ 

ȥֻѵãû뵽ǸҵֻҰһŵҲ㲻ִ򲻹һ鼱֮£ҾȻѿڶе 

󣡽ң󣡡 

͵ɿңһͻȻʶԼղźʲôһ͵ؾס졣 

ȤĿңȻһЦЦ˵ţţŽֻСҰèıĿ޽ʱ򣬻콣ôᰮôĶ 

Ҿδ䱸Ķ˵һ仰 

ȴһת߻ص£ȻȷȤҲеϲ㣬ּͱƸ㣬޿ܻҪԥԥǱƣûҪʲô棬֮԰Ѷƻҩ 

ҩҾĽС 

ȴҵĻ磬ŵôΪ᲻ɱ㣬ΪҲֲĸ鵽Ǽ򵥵İ㵱ĵôϲ㣿޵׵ܵܣ޲ܲ˼뷨Ͳʵİˡ 

˵ͣͣһۣŽ˵һ廹Գû뵽Ȼô㣡 

͵سͣɵɵĵ 

ҵģٵЦˣô޽ĹºǲҲˣΪʲôǾ𣬶ſڹЩȴǳˣ 

ԡ󡢿񣡡ҧ 

ЦüᣬȤȤСҰèȤԽԽϲˣ 

Ц˸ͻȻɫһһ㣬ɫ㣬ΪʲôôͰ͹죬㶼ͬȥĲôˣ 

ͻȻƵģҵϣ鲻ԽӣˣҡȻ 

ߣЦһȻǱҪܵظȥԧ죬ͦȤǲǣ 

ҽסļ۵һһ֪֪ϲҵġ仰һڣ֪ΪʲôȦȻˡ 

ңͻȻ̾˿Сģ⣬޲شһҪ֪Լȥʽֻ㣬Źأޱȥġ 

ΪʲôѿڶʵһڣʶԼķӦ̫ǿңڨڨļһ䣬ĵܵܣ㲻սϣ 

ЦЦʵ ΪʲôôΪʲôҪͣ 

Ҷʱҭԭء 

޻˵΢΢˵ĻѾ˵òˣҲãҲã޶ٶ˵ʲôԣû׵ģֻԼȥʽڸѡ񣬵һ̹ȥԺ㣬Ȼͻʵʵ̫ҽĻҽԼĲȻѡȥ޾ǿ㣬ֻҪ˵һ䣬㲻ȥ߽Ե̫ҽ 

ʲôҾг㡢ʲô˼ 

ȻΣ޾ͳȫ 

ŴֱͣԼĻ㲻׸磿Ҳݵģ 

صһ˦䣬ȻҵжɴȥսϣΪҲϵĹ١ĹүӰΪȻӢţȴǧẈ̂ΪֵܣްͲٶһ 

һ˵꣬ϣʵ޵˼Ѿˣ㣬ǲǡġŽ 

ҡĿɿڴһƬң˵ 

΢΢׵ˡͻȻеͨ 

ūڣиӦ 

޵ּүҽѸ£սŹأȴΪˣڵϦǰշ㵻棬󣬲ҽ 

Ȼģ 

Ҵʧɫ͵ȥץסĸ첲һֻֽס죬е㲻㣡㣡һûشȥȥ 

ס죬ҵҪж죬ж졣 

ﻹ˵һеѡһѡһǻϣ˵ܳ߸̫ҽ 

ͻȻһתҾȻ§ҵ̸ǾƵİҼڸ첲棬ߵſڣৡһţӭ۾ϣҾƬ̵ѣΡ 

ӳˣ 

ӣ 

ˣ 

ˣ 

Ƭ̵ʱȥӦҫ۵⣬ģҿſڵˣѹѹôһƬѵȫѾͷſˣ 

һȻһѰ˳ȥҿɽסңûˤȥ 

Ҿȵ˵ 

ңһֺЦ֣ôûû£˾ȻҲôûû£Ӧÿǰȫ䵽ɹȥ 

˵꣬һ֣˳ȥһߣԺ˴룬ԭǺѹѹһƬһģ 

һпͻȻѾͷһһץסҵ䣬ͬͨ˾ͺãϿȥүɣ 

ĺѩ 

ҷӦѾͷѾסңû˳ȥ 

ԺӣѾδ룬ٽ˵ĵ׵ɬɬĸо 

ҺѾͷңȻ治֪Ƿ߽ 

ﾹȻ߰˸ҽоиҿʯ괺͹㣬ҽǾȻԾԶֿһ·ͨ 

һ߽Ĳ齣ֻÿ߽һϱһ֣֮ҼҪʹȥ 

󾲾Ƕ۽ıţˣ˿ȥ㲣һĸо 

ͻȻȥڽǰ£ճյ 

ˣһǰ£ԾƵ裬ʱһз·ĿΪʲô˷ǣǰ⸱ģû˽ָǬĺû¶᳦ǰ󣬸һûУ 

͵ҧס촽һʱƵģ˵ܡ 

׹ӣ̫ҽͻȻڶ𣬡ү̫ãֻҪϳҩǻκİա 

Ҳ˵ 

̫ҽһֵүڻУүɣǳȥˡ 

һºﾲ 

ҹڴߣץס˽¶ڱ֡ 

ͻȻһѵӷһͷɽڱ𣺡°ɣôŲǻ¡ 

ҡҡͷԹĦŽ֣ͻȻЩͷȥȻϾһ糤Ĵִ˰̣ 

⡢ô£Ҿɻͷžɽ 

ɽͷ˰̣ү뻹ЩսŪģΨүġ 

үǡ 

ӲҪᡣɽҵĲүүѾǰӣͺˡ 

ţɻĽ͡ 

ɽȻŵүŹʱȷүԸ˾һ˳ñÿζףү֪˵ЩʲôүͻȻγүȥүһ̴һţҲ֪ģүүϻһүƬ̣ͻȻ嵽⣬ʱ콵꣬ү͵ذѽ͵ع£ͻȻ쳤ӵ֣žһʰһһүȻ 

ʶ߬˽֣һ̼ӿģߡ 

ɽŵүүֱү˻ߣҲүҺʹ׳ȥүүߵܣ൱Ҵ㸮ģӦúú̸̸˵ģֻҪܴ󷽷˵ȻǺֵܡ絣Ƥ¾ôȥֻû뵽µĸ񣬾ȻôôãĲԣֵܾͺúģ⿪ߵܣ˵òãүǶȥүһϣڶһ磬Һʹ׽ȥʱүſүϡ´ûүôĿ޷ү߿ޱ˵磬ں׾ߣҺĺ 

Ѿ޵ץסڲĦʵˣҲޣ 

˵ȫʵɽȻԴȻʼݱԺүҲûᣬǡү뿪ʱүҲֻˤһػƿûһᣬǱүŻˣԣүмʱ˵Ҫ̻ǶΪʲô˽ӹӹȥү˵·ϲ̫ƽģҡү˵ӻںһȥһȥһʱ䲻̣үֻԼȲ졣 

ҳճյŲϵĽһ仰Ҳ˵ 

ɽֵǸϴ֣ү͹Ӽ䵽ʲô⣬֪үѹӿñԼҪӡֻҲȥԸղЩɽһҪ˵Ȼɽһ˵ˣɽҲ̤ʵˡɽȥˣүɡ 

ɽ뿪ˣֻʣһңһʲô֪Ľһֱڿޣһֱڿޣֱſǰ˯ˡ 



иеҵͷһ飬͵ֱӣʱһ˫Ϥ۾ 

󡭡 

ճңƺ˵ʲôȴ˵һҴ󼱣յȥӣƺþȫܼ㡭һһ棬㡭ʱˣҡҲġˡ 

Ȧһ죬ͻȻе̫ҽ̫ҽˣˣ 

ˣ̫ҽ˽һʱĴķұһߣŽ¶һǣѵİֳ 

һ̲סץס֡ 

־Ȼϵ߬סҵģеϡ 

Ҵյߣ죬϶ף𡢱ߡ 

ͷҲߣҪҩ 

˱۾ŵҡҩ㡭㲻Ҫߡ 

ĹĦԼظţҲߣҪҩ 







7 



̫ҽ͵͵ĸңˣʵѾ˲εĵزܲܺתֻ˵㣬ҵӻңӹһ٣ԺضǴ󸻴󣬺 

Źص쿪ʼֻҪ۾ضҪǣ˶ѣûһĻûʲô 

ŽƵĺת̫ҽԽԽ٣ֻʣ̫ҽһ 

һģҪ˴Ĵӣкůůڴϡ۾˻ͻȻŹʱûôõֻ̫ĺս֮󣬲ᵽԭů̫д顣 

Ұѩ͹ҩ˵ǰҩɡ 

󲻶ҵף˺ܶࡣ 

 

ٴΰҩͽһ㣬˲Ҳһûûεģҩɡ 

ƺƬ̣žҵ֣ҩˡ 

Ҷſ룬ŻȥȴͻȻסҵ֣һûȥţְѿڴߵİϡ 

ڴ£ʵףġı𣿡 

תͷŽҲŵĶңҲ˵ϸĿӢͦüۣ߸ߵıӣ촽ͻȻһΣһûʶ֮ǰѾ˳ 

ֽţæһ߲һ߳ϻ̳ϿʵôˣúõΪʲôޣף˵ʲô㲻˵ģ 

ƿĨ֣ĬšƬ̣Сסҵ֣ףֻϣܺǰһ򵥡֡УģҲǰһҡ 

סᣬ⼸죬˶˵ϲңô˵ɽô˵ϡҲô˵ 

ǣңȵףŲţģģ 

š 

̼¶Ц絶ʡ 

ƲߣٿŵʲôʱʼϲңȴһʼһһĶ㣬鷿Ӧ㲻쿪ʼһֱڣһͻȻʵ˵ 

䲻һ§סң§סңƺҲˣصı֪Ҷ֪ҲãҲЩ飬ףҶϣ㻹ǰǸʱ̶Цݵ㣬һǸּ򵥵ףһжһʣӦúң 

ҡͷǣǣ 

ǣ֪ңִļš 

ǣǣԽԽףҲ㣬ҴӦ㣬ҾѾٺ㣡 

㲻ðοңץסҵļƿңңף㲻˵ЩοҵĻ֪ңҪôܲңһвУ˵ֻҪҶӦ㣡 

ǶƬ̣ͻȻҾ͵ĨһᣬɫúõҰѻ˵꣬ҪңҲƢвУ 

ƺҵŵɵĿãԥĵͷáҴӦ 

ϵɣԼȫ侲ŵǰ£Ҳԭ㣬Ҳ֪ܲܽϲ㣬ˣҲ˳ͷԣЩ£ͨͨƽϡϣԺúõĸѦʦү飬Żѧ£ΪšԺҵһа˾ŷˣҪúõĶҪٰɳĻ·׵ 

ɫԽԽɣƺʲôڴӦҲ죬ʼûпڣֱ˵ͼѾȻңҲ̲ȥһ߬סҵ֣ŵ˼ǡ㡭Ҫߣ 

ҵͷ 

ΪʲôͻȻһͿȣ̼ǵͨ죬һȣһ涢ҵ۾ȻȡȻѾȿȿȡԭˡΪʲôΪʲôҪߣ 

Ȧһȣ֪ϲ𣿡 

ѿڵϲҡȡǾ͡ȿȡǾͱߣ㣡 

һҡҡͷ۾Ϊ̫ϲԡӦɱġ 

͵һ 

ҽŵҲܵûܽϲǸ֡ 

ԭأңãͻȻЦ˳૵ԭ 

һʱһƬžһļž 

ߵߵߵ⴫һţ˽Һͽ۾ţһʱһڨڨүūʡôˣ͹вУ 

Ƭ̣ͻȻãɣó׼ϲĲˣԷ 

ǡ´ӦһתҪߡ 

ȵȣͻȻסַԸ׼һơ 

ƣȻסˣүûȫã²˺Ⱦơ 

ûµġЦҪˣ͵ҸУһΰɡ 

һڣʱԭأû뵽Ȼ׵ĴӦˡ 

ȻǾȣһۣ׹Ҫߣ 

ҵףȥƽѿǶҶأʲôùʶһҺþۺɢòã 

⻰һ˵Ҽ̲ס 

Ը£ѩȥƽѡ 

زʲô벻ã 

Ǹѩ˾ƽѡ 

ӣ˵ѡʲôѩҡ 

žƽһ̳һ̳һʱ飬ﻹѡƣѩһְɡ 

ѩ߹ȥӾƼһֻƿҵӣ½Ѿƣϴ͵ģ𣿡 

ҴҴҵ˵ͷ 

صѾˣһ󿴼ѩľƣͻȻЦ˳Ѿƣ 

ʲôү 

ûʲôε̾ҹⱭϴߣףѡ 

һᣬһʱ˵ 

ȴµأߵ£ԸѩȥղصҹⱭ 



˶£ϼûʲôһǾͶЩˡ 

ʵľƱŵѾƣͻȻû֮Уⲻ֪̫̹ĶԭôʵĴš 

ſϣ°֧ϣԺʵ˵ʲô 

ȻһͻȻյɽ𣬻ƻӣ˵󶷷ɳԹࡣҰӪ޳ǹѩ׷Į㰧ҹҹɣ˫˫䡣ŵ̱ڣӦᳵս⣬ռ뺺ҡ 

ƺˣЦúãʫʲô 

¾Ʊҵף㲻׵ģ֪ԭסŴӾСս׷ɣĮд쾡¡ 

ţ۾дɳĮʫôҲᣬţѩߣƽɳçç 

ףңֹסҵģǵҳ֮󣬸жã 

ԺѾ۾ǿʵΪΪʲô 

˵ʲôѾֻǵ˯ǰҲͣţįͥ滨ءš 



įͥ 

滨زš 

һЦҶЦӣһˣôӷ 

ҷ۾ģģǰվŸˣоȵëҵ߲˵Ҷˣ㻻һ䣬òã 

ƿëڵӦģúأҵˡ 

ǸϤЦԲ﹫ӣһˡ 

۾ˣʲôԵģ 

հõ࣬һֱ˵ȵġ 

һɡ 

ǡëſȥ 

Ŵůů⣬Դһ㱣ͻȻеӦģ 

ͣסʲô£ӣ 

ŴͣҡһͷٿƬ̣ҡһͷ 

˻ӣҵʲôҡͷͷô 

ҾɵĵСӦģ 

ū澰ӣòԾ 

ʱﱻһ㣬ɵɵʵʲôӣţɢô 

³ʮЦȻˣ˵ĽˣԸóŪ࣬˵Ȱ 

͵Ǳ˴һȭҡˡһײڴϡ 

ѽһæסңȥײĵط 

ȵ֣ 

³ʮ 

ǰ 

үǣں׿ʲôЦ 

֨ѽһ죬˽ҵģȵӣô⸱ģҾ˵ź𴲣˲ǣһֱΪ˰ 

ƺʲôһʱ䲻ȫףɵɵĿǰӦġ 

ĻԹӦģ㲻ʱӻΪ˼ᣬãжѹŸ 

ӦԣҶƬ̣ͻȻȦվؾعȥңӣӦûӦĻˣ˵꣬ߵȥ 

䡱һըʲô͵ط´嵽ӦһŵѾͷü۾̵ıӣ촽 

ɲҵĺѾͷӦô 

ҵĺѾͷӦİ 

ӦıҿȦ죬ͻȻһѱסңۡһ˳ӣӦĺ㰡½㲻˽һǣӦĺǣĺǣ 

ұ§üקӦģԹˣҲôŹӰ㻹֪֪ʲôǹأ˵ԼҲҪƵġ 

ӦĨ˰ᣬͻȻꡱһЦ˳˼Ҹռһʱ򣬲Ҳǿ޵ıһһѣ 

Ҳû嵽үԺﱧŹӿްôûûССүٰ 

үһڣԺ͵һ˲ʱʲôҳ嵽ſڣ͵ų˳ȥ 

ӣȥĶѾͷͽ͵ĽţûأСĶţ 

ҹܲôˣֻ֪࣡ 

ҷɿţֱܵҴΧȣԽˮ鿣ֱ彣Ժɱȥ 

űһƿ˶һڴߣѾͷźϴʱ˵ĶͣסˣˢˢĶҡ 

վſڴŴֱֱĵŽ 

ҿķëڨڨЦףǲǡ 

ûлѻ˵꣬ΪѾ˽ȥֱ嵽ߣˮ豻򷭣ѾͷУһ§סĲӣ֮󣬾Ȼײڴϡ 

ͺһȻһף֪ˣıѹúۡ 

ۣѹ˲źã 

ѾͷȻ鷢æǰҵĸ첲Ҵӽһһӣү˿ڻûӻɡ 

ұѾͷֻߺߵŽ󣬺޺޵㡭Ӧġҡԭ˱ϲߡȵסʱ˵ 

󵭵Цţҵôˣĵ˵ˣ 

µ˱ݵܵģȿˮѹѹɡ 

һںȸɣݺݵĵŽ 

½ӹ豭ѩ䣬˳ȥ 

һֱңƺҵ˼ףң 

ҳһߣʵһֱң 

ûйҪ㡣ͷĶ˼ôࣿµԺ˵ѾͷԼƵģɱһҡʵȥԺѾڵҪô˵ȻǡǻѾ˵ˣôôյûֻһȰѾͷˡһĻ˼ǸѾͷȻ֪ǿǷģȻûӦľһֱںԺҳӣһֱչûҵҲҷˡʱҡǲ֪ôл²źá 

˵סҵ֣ףӦĲû㲻˺òá 

û˵꣬ͻȻһ˦ڵվΪͽˣҡһ 

ãȻѣɻʲô 

ҡΣʵҲ֪ԼʲôһӻյԴˣǾԲģҧҧҾɺޣɺޣɺޣ 

˵꣬һ˦䣬ͷҲ˳ȥ 



һ죬ҶûȥԺʵҲ֪ԼôˣһӻҲһӻƫƫûվǰȥ 

ƺֻص˴ǰѾͷĻЦÿ䣬ǻʲôԾʲô˵ 

İͽҰſӵģͻȻӣģƽһ 

ֵĿһۣʲôһ 

ķͣĿƬ̣Ȼ˺죬ӱƽʱÿ˺ܶࡣ 

ҵһۣûһֱôÿ 

ǰӣĺƢĽ͵ҵ˼˵ڵ񡭡ţʫﳣ˵Ǹü 

ʲôû˵꣬Ҿ͹ֽгŮ˵ģ 

ͷûӺүĲ飬Ȼ˵׼֮ڵ񣬺ãƵģԣرÿ 

ûĿһۣſš 

ļҲ˵ͻȻĵѩ˵ү˿ںֻŧˣ̫ҽ˵ƺүĲе㷴 

һ䵭ǰ滨Ҳȥ˭Ҳƭȥ 

ͷЦӱǰˣƭˡ 

ʲôѵǰɵô 



ԹͣһͷԵڴϡ 

ѾͷʰҵģЦӲҪ˷ڴϣСķ 

Լһͷ 

ѾͷҵĶЦӦ߹ҰѱӸϣ˯˯һɣûм⣬˷ˣҲδ 

Ѿͷ 

Ҳ˵۾ҵĴΡ 

ƺҵ촽üȥֻһë׵Ķ˵Դ 

ôһƣǶ뿪ҵ촽Ժ۾̿͵ѹһ㡭ʲôղǲǡǲţ 

һЦ˸ǰң 

ӣ 

һʣ뱧ףͻȻӦڸսŪⶫУ˭ģ쵰ӻˣҲţ 

⸱ȻãڨڨջӣҲ붺㿪ģ㡭㵽Ҫʲôʱ򰡣 

Һһɻصϣתǽһס 

̾˿ףкö໰˵ 

Ȼ 

ҲĬˣ˰ΣͻȻףʵЩ飬ǰǾԲԱ˵ģΪЩ飬ĻЩ飬һһǶ 

ͻȻĵ֣Ҵ⣬֧䣬ϸš 

ȴֲ˵ˣģأżͻȻе첲ʲôбһȻӷҵĸ첲ϣۿҡҡ׹Ҫˤһ̲סֱ§ 

ЦЦڵĵĸ׳¾ǰפŹصĽūԭʱ򣬳½սɳĵﱯȣҲȥˣĳ˹¶ӻؾǡ㽫ֵܼΪҺ£Ըѡң꣬İꡣڸסʮ꣬ϲʮꡣһֱ֪ϲ罣ʵйһʱһġ 

ҵ͵ض˶ 

˵һֱ룬Ҳһֱ㲻ʮʱҺ٣ڻ԰һޣ֮󣬽ϲģûã̯ƣֱԲ䣬ãҰøҲţԼȥģȴңһֱϲĶǽңֻǽĴƷףһ׸磬һϲʮˡ 

ﷺɬɬζ˵䰲οĻȴ 

̾˿ŵǸһӦȨأ߸ϣţһίһȺΧ꺮ůйŪľҾ磬һڻ֣ҵ书ǽ̵ְֽģֵʱ򣬽ҵĵһʫǲֲġ߲ʫȻʶŮȺʺճģֻĸӣ罣ۣǵϣӰоңֵ¾ͬģֱ˴ˣԽҪĵʱʵ˵ĵ׵ĸܡ 

ֳ̾˿ƺĵԹҲ̾˳ҰĽͽ棬ۣ֣ˡʱˣѾﻢµĽ֡ʱɹſʼңǽͽӰ˹ͬ˧ǽʱҴһԲڴӰֻһ˳ӰȥþʹҾѲڡӰսɳϢϢؾǣһˮһ㣬ͷϡڷģȫʲôˣǣѾˣҲΪˣֵܵĸ顣 

Žʹı飬һ̡ 

ͣƬ̣ҲٸȥĵƭıѣнӰѹϣ֪䣬γһܴӰҹȻ޽Ǹģ֮䣬ֻһߣʱңѾֲԼģǺ޶һ㣬ǰһ㡣 

ͣңǰ˵ףҿɲԱ㣿 

ӣԥҡҡͷ 

һʧ̾㲻Ը⣬Ǳˡ 

һįҼҪˣѾ˵ˣѵԼҪȥȥ 

ǲ֪ƣֵڽϼʱʱ㵱ģʱҿ㣬ģԽ룬Խޣұ㽫ظԺ󣬾Ҹڴһ٣ؽ 

ʲôҴһһʱҧгݡ 

һðı飬æҲûôҵ뷨ΪҰĻһˣһ·ദԽķɰһ棬㲻˵ûʱֲ嵽ǲģǣֻҪ˵һ仰ЦһЦ֪̾㣬ġ 

ұǻ𣬵˴ȫתɣʶӣ 

εЦЦ㲻ףʵܳʱԼҲס 

ʱѾһɻԥ˰Σʵ˵ģΪʲôôںǿ񣿵˵Ļľ棬ľǼ٣ʵڲס 

ЦЦҵȻںǿΪǿǽӰ 

ʲôҾӰ磿 

š 

˵ҴеһֱΪǿǳĵģҲûϹ 

ЦȻûϹֺϹ 

⣭һʱȻ 

ŵѹ˵ֻѾҲףԭΪǿҵģûзϣһ˵ΪӰһֱǸӰҲԣȻΪĵģǾôΪˡ 

ҰŰɣҧҧ촽ڵȻô˵ֲ֤ʵ 

ͻȻסҵ֣һȴϷ֣ε߬סףǿʵֵһһ飬ӰиӰ֣ҵǿи֡ 

˵û񣡡 

еģ󼱵ǿһֱĸǱܣֱԺ󣬲Żύϣҵǿĸ㲻ţ빬ǿó㿴ˣȻˣ 

ұеıŵúúãǽӰģΪʲôΪǿ񣬼Ķҡҷ𣿡 

ЦһһΣ㲻ףͰӽ˵ҴһƲԣǱϾһʱ嶯Ҳ⡣ 

һ뵱ʱ龰һʱֲԸӲǴβ㣬ڶأǲֻˣ 

̲סҪޣһھΣսҵ֣ǴΣҲԡ죬ʵǽӡҪ˧ʱڹⳤһҹ׼УľٶҴ̼ܴʵһֱҷŲҺģҲھǼ죬ҵһֱܲȶҲҲһʱƲסԼ˵ʲô˵Ļʲô¡Ҵӹ֮ǰͻִһѾЩʧأصԼӱ˶ǿֲˣѩ˵ֻȥҳ嵽㣬㻹ǵõʱشʲô˵㲻֪˵ʱĸоô֪ǰ㣬֪ǲ֪Ϊʲôޱӣ뵽ģԼ㲻ģǵ˺ҿƲԼ뷨ֻãǰģģһжᷢҲᱻƭҲᷴĿ粻սɳԽԽңԽԽ꣬ԽԽܿԼ£Ҷǿ 

ڻǿ˳ԼҲ֪ģܶƫƫƲᡣ 

۵ҪĨۣұŤı֣ܿ̾˿Ҳ£һֱΪΪģҲϲ㣬ʵ㣬˶ôΪ֣磬ıˣôΪġʵǣӰǼ·ԺҶĵĸ飬Ѿһֵֺĸо˵ʵǺģϲ㣬ΪԽľ㲻ģףҴܶܶȤס 

˵𺳣ֻһζԽԽףͻȻһ§סң뻳ȡһ㿴һƬ⣬һֱߣָǬ¶Ȼˤˣһֱúõš 

ŽҲ಻סķޣ߿ޱ״εҡĲǵýӰΪĵģʲôǵáԴǿյġ 

ףСİңѩ˵뿪ʱһʧǣ֪ʱһʲôŲȥ 

ĻҾԼίԽ޵ˡ 

۲ѣҵ촽ҵϣףһΣԺҲˣòã 









8 



֪ԼѾԭ˽󣬾һЩ£˺һЩˣ˵£Ҿ֪ԼѾԭ 

Ҳ֪ڱ˶ǷһĶˣǡ 

ûޣԼ˵ڶڻ԰ɽͤû˵Ĺ¡ 

ڻִͶǰѾĸ󳼷ͻһҵĻ壬ҲЩ߻ֵġʵֵǵһû뵽᲻ҵ˼Ŷҵˣȷǻֵ硣ҳʱƺڵңҿҪƵĽҩȴҶһҵĻͷ 

ԼǸҲ˵һ룬ͻȻѻ⳶Ҷϣ˵ġ 

ŵʱһһֹȥҹԼʱ䣬ͻȻµʲôεûг⣬ش׶ӿȸ̾ԭأֶ֪ҩʱѾȲˣʶһ㣬ͻȻڵϣޡ 

ȵȣͻȻϽͻȻ˺һ޹Σ 

Ҳ˺ȻʵʵΣһΣڶΣǻֱҳʱڻԣʱҵȥ㣬ŵһ̣֪ΪʲôͻȻŹأҺͺõһ 

˵𣬵ͷ 

ЦЦڵֲңҿ޹ˣҲ޲ˣңϲģǳģ·ףʵԼϲ㣬ں㣬ǣĸҪ׸ҪȻֲּһãȻңӰ޵ǽԼʳһʱˣ׻Ϊɴһʡּƺɵ˵ģ˵⣬ʵѾ˴𰸣㣬ضŷǸҲܽ⿪ɣӦޣ·Σգ̸Źȥ֧ԮҾ͸ҩĴ𰸣Լȥսĥᵽ֣ѾǾȲѣȴٽֻͣǷԸ͹ȻҴ͹㡣̫ҽڻ·ϲŸңԭָȵǱһҩöֻۣҽҵС 

ҵͷǸ磬ʵڲϣһѣѱһһ㶵ġ 

ЦЦײŻô˵ʵǸܸ߶˵ˣ㲻ҪһģТʱָǧһƽʣǶι£һֱǻļѻ 

ֱʼأԲŵݣһ㶼ţ 

ЦŲţ̸ֲֵ¡ 

ɲǣ͵ʶһ㣬㲻Ҫѻ⳶˵ 

ôҰѻ⳶εЦЦŵҵŹԺ󣬺ͽļ档Ȼн٣ڲÿ棬ǵŹԺȴǳϦԣ벻ѣһ룬һܸɣôôͿҺյһ飬ѵǻӽԿ𣿡 

԰ѵǻӽԿ𣿡ظĻ 

ҡҡͷգȻףûԹֳ棬һӲףҵһսֱսǧʱͻȻãΪǧİվսϣͻȻԼǸˣҵļϣǺׯϵʹǸʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôҳķһۣǡҲڿңֵܶƬ̣ͻȻãеĶԹһ̶С糾Ҫֵһģͬ飬ɹҾסϵǧ񣬴úɽ 

ĻȻʹУͻȻҲԡ 

ЦһΪ̺ܺôȻӿȣվǵһսһҳ壬ȻҲɱ˼ɹűԼȴҲ˲ʣҿΧȻҲ˵úܡ 

Ȼ˵赭дȴ֪ʱĳ棬һĶǣ˵Ҳ˵ĺܡ֣һ£ǴҵɫϿʲôֽ§ɵףôҲŰˣҲǺúǰ 

ʵʵڽСʲôôҪѵûҪ𣿡 

һ̾Ȼ§øҶߵʱиɹŽ嵽ǰһͷҹһʱţҪʱȻˣΪԼʹ˽ˣһ˲䣬ﾹȻ뵽ܶණ룬ӰսɳʱһӢǷΪϵĶ룬һ㱻ɵսϣܺͽӰսһǷ˺ܶණ뵽ף룬һлףһҪҰˣΨһڵ·ףҲΪ˱˺ 

ҲٴȦȣȴףӦңһΣԺ󶼲ˣˣ 

ŽĻŬƻȥͷǶˣԺ󣬲ʲô飬һޣ 

ĵЦЦ§סңΪԼˣҿ缰ʱҵһձҽноʣһ٣˵Ҳ£ҪҾáһʱ鼱ѿڶǴ̹һֱӴ̻ε˵ôȻŲĵ£ֵܺúһģĸ⿪ΣᵽģζҿδǣҲЩˣҺã㲻ģ㸮ǸأһҪԺȥҵȻܲ㣬ֻСƢ˺˶ٹϲˣ֪֪ᵽ˺֣һ˵ˣ죡ȴ˻ƫҪ˵ȻǸͷʮ㣬ֺʱʲô£㲻죬ﻹɵúܣҺģΪ۽Ӱʵ޵ԼԼҴˣ۵ýӰɳֻûϣϲ·ףһͻʧȥ˺ֵСųԼƲ˵ˣûʸϵĶĻ˿Ľҿĵ׵ԣҲƲԼν̹ȥӽֵеãȻȶ֣Ҿ˳㱨˵һ֮𣡡 

ʱἰ飬ѾӾɽһֻǴʱףԭֵܰνĿģԭүļ 

ͣƬ̣Ȼ˵öԣʵںģǵһ̻ʱҲûк˵Ǿ䣺ֵܳƽˣˣ𺳵˵룬ҺĿԴͣǽӰأأĿԴ𣿡 

Žϵ˰̣ѾõòˣȻĺӡԶҲʲȥ˰ýİôĲȥɾһĻ䡣 

ץ֣ǵ˰ȥ󾲾Ŀңףû𣿡 

ҡҡͷԼʱգͼһΪúõˣ 

ҵĻЦˣ˵ãʵҺҹ̸ŸңԭҸŹصʱ򣬻˸һܺ˵޶ԽѾ߰ˣɳ֮ϣֵͬĿУܷ¾ʱԹʱƣڹؼʱָĽᡣ 

˵̲ס̾˿Եλ֣ȷӡ 

ôΪһ֮һƬɣ 

ôֳȥˣͻȻеӦ˵絽ôڹؼʱָ㣬Ľᡯİ 

ǣƢ˵Ҳãѻ⳶ˣʵҲûʲô˵ˣҺһ̸̸һҹ˵ʲôѵһһһظ 

ҳӣߵٱؾᣡɽģȥڴҵ֣ô˵ 

ɫ΢죬ЦȻ㶼֪ˣΪʲôҪҴ˵һ飿ף͸Щӡ 

죬Ҫ׿˵ 

ΣɦɦͷͻȻҶҸأǸȡʲô֣ 

ǣָļ򣬡㵹ǰıѧˣ 

ץסҵ֣Цѧ绹Ӧң˺ԺĽоսı£ףѾˣԺҪ磬ɹӳ׸ϳϺɽ 

͵֣е㳶ȥҪҳҾҪ׿ڵİǶνأ 

ͻȻסң 

ɫǼӱСˣ 

ζﵴȻѽһٴΣһ̲סӦǿſ죬˱ҵͷһֱҵļ֣Ҵ̾§סĲӡ 

һռȣĿңףڴΣ 

ұסĸ첲ƤһͻȻӿ 

ðĴӦҪǸ 

ϣȻһȤĹ۲ɫôС 

ңͻȻãҴӦ㡣 

ҶʱŴͣ㵵һ仰Ҳ˵ 

ֵ¶Ȥı飬ҵôˣҵСףѲ㲻᣿ 

˭˭˵ҲᡭӲĽе̶תֱ£ֻ뿴ܵɵ˭뵽Ӧôˬ졣 

ޣгôڵ˭һܵɵ 

һʱᣬҪ𣬽ȴͻȻŰ̽ҵڣһͨһ죬˲ʱ˵ҵ촽ɵףôں㣬һʲôԣ 

ͷһȣ鲻Խ§Ĳӡ 

Խʵˣһ·£֪Ѿ¸յͨ죬׼һȣȴͻȻ̾һ૵ף˺öֱֻ࣬Ӷ಻˼⡣ 

һǻʱתŭҺݺݵĸһȭҧң 

һȴҾгͻȻסҪĲλʼĦ 

͵ҧס촽̼䱻ƵģһӻҲˣֻйԹԵĿڽ 

ҵ촽ţ̫ҽһˡ㿪ҩúõ 

۾ججšһ 



ȻԸԹڴϣҳ˸ͨ͸ֻҵļƺ̫˵ùȥΪҰһͷβҲûı顣 

º۵ȫҪȥԡԺҪ˯ţֺЦҶߵӹǣ·һ͵ˣһҪúõ 



ڶһ磬빬ˣͻ֮ȻҪһ̸ز̫ 

̫ҽҰ˰˼ӣҵӵûʲôˣֻҪ¾ˡ 

ҵͷ 

Ҫûʲô£ҾȻعˡ 

æסʵ̫ҽڹﵱˣ 

͹㶣ȻûϵһдһʣãȻʮˣΪʲô 

ɵЦһ£ʣҽôչͽûУ 

͹ԻüͷûǰڼչԺ󣬾ûˡ˵꣬ɵĿҡ 

ұò˼΢΢һ죬룬ɴԼĴѿڶʵΪʦ 

Ϊʦ͹⣬ѧҽô 

͵ͷ 

͹Ƭ̣޲ɣֻǣӣʵΪҽ֮ÿ˶ʺϵģҲҪǷⷽ츳 

˵ҲһѧҽĲϣ 

Ȼڮٹӡ͹Цҽϵ˵ΣҽͽȻеһЩԸ⣬ѧһ£һ¹ȥӶҽЩᣬǸʱ򣬵ǲǼѧȥԼҲ⡣ 

ͷãã 



ϽֱҾ͵ҽڹ͹ˣ˵ѧҽģ 

Ϣͨ߶ŪֻӣĲɴ 

Ҳ£ҵĲö˶˵ģô뵽ȥѧҽˣ 

̧ͷб۾ϷʵԱԼ 

εĵ۾ԼĵӴյߣյţ˵ģ 

Ҳë׵Դʵ˵Ǹȡʲôֺã 

˵꣬ͱ᲻صһѣյҶߣж⣬Ҳ֪ٲ˵Сҡû˵ȥȴͻȻͷҵĶѵˮţȺϢ䶵סҲԽ۾ 

ǿʼһʰҵתİ촽ѹҵ۾ϣĺסëСĵ˱š 

ᳵ·Ŀ۾ҵⳤ۾ϣôԼ֪ 

㡭ٸʡ󺬺˵촽Ѿ˳ҵջǼ⣬ֻĲڱߡ 

šӡұŤƾҲܺˡ 

ЦЦſҵıӣȴͻȻҵ촽ͷܽסҵͷ˳ҪӦȴͻȻͷ˻ȥȡ֮ģݣҧסҵ⣬ĿţԼ 

ʱһʲôĲ֪ΪʲôҺʼܿƣճҺ岻Ƶӿ˳ջԼͷȴִֵĲãˣȻ䱾İԼϡ 

ţҷѾĳ￹飬ȴţ͵ס촽˱ţ촽סͷסҺҲŹĺʼң˫ֺҵ˺ҵѣסףǡȥ롭㡭 

ҿʼȣ鲻ԽĿòĥС 

ҵ£Ƹϣһһš 

͵һսãȻңһĨŨİסƵͳӡˡ 

һգҪ֪ĵӣҾȻһָڽĶȻ˳ĲӣỮĺϣӶССͻ 

͵һС˭ѧģһѱңߵߣ͵ؽҰڴϡ 

ʶ۾ϿʼһһӶᡭ 



ҲǴ󲡳ԭ򣬼ʹǱһȻƣ󲻿ϴ˳ȥסһԼ̱ƵģſϣʧĴ 

ָҵĺ󱳣ţͻȻʵףΪʲôҪѧҽ 

ҲȴĹͷѵҺۡ 

Ҫģ 

һͷϱһƣ 

ļһ˵ԽԽˣ 

ȴͻȻʵԼĴҲãȻһֱμӽĿƾ٣ԸδӦٳӦ꣬ףȤѧ;ȥѧˣھ￪һҽݣҲ 

 

͵ס촽 

⣬ֵĿҡ 

ָ촽ôǰҵһжˣΪʲôԼ˼ 

ЦãίѾһٶʹ㣬Լ˵ 

ʱ޻ǣ˰ΣűŤŤҲ˵ͲܶʼΡ 

ȻЦ˳ãҵ׺ף㣬ΪʲôҪѧҽ 

§סĲӣҪڣͻȻһ󲻺˼ͷؿϣӣ˵Ժүѧо̣İ֣ĻǾҪ뿪ǣĴоѵÿζѧģʹſȥһҹϴӦһȥôǡѧҽ̫ҽͿԹߵҸһӣ㶼뱳ȥ¡ 

ұͻȻͣסˣΣûгұΪ˵ĿңҴ˿ûһ㷴Ӧʱ̧ͷҹ׺ݵĵװͰ͵ôѲ㲻Ըһֱ㣬Ѳ㻹ˣ 

󶨶ңûˡ 

͵֧˵ʲôһֱҲ㡭 

û˵꣬ͻȻһ⵹ڴϣ͵ѹȻһȶ೤ǡ 

۾⣬۾ȥףҵı 

һĸоŽĲԵÿ 

ЦʲôӦ˵Ӣǣÿ˵㻹࣡ 

ŽȵͻȻӿ̧§סĲӣǴһֱˡأ 

ãڵ쳤ؾʱ޾ڡ 

һȣʱӿ 

ͷ۾ϣ촽ѹҵǼ£ôֿޣӣʲôʱܳ󣿡 

ҺӣҸ˿ޡʲôѾˣԺ󲻿ޣ˵ģ 

ζ̾˿Ŀһӵ뻳 

ұůůĻס˵ĵ׵㣬Ȼһ˿ʱ˿̵ңоֻ޾ů⣬޾컡 



¹ȥ 

ŹصսѾ滺үŴؾǣ˵ٲһ£һԾɹţʦس 

ȻÿϳȻ³ʱȻɣȻóǹɳ֮磬Ѿ¶Ϊ빬ͻ֮һ̸һδ֮䣬ͻȻ𣬵ǲ˵ʲôϼֵܶƬ̣һȻԶΪʲôڹдĽǣֽڴϰԵģ 

治λӢǵʾΪʲô˻Ƶʱ 

Ҹ̫ҽѧҽѾĴεõͣ˵ʴӱһͨѧҽĲϣȻʽҵӡڽļ£Ȼ鷿飬ĻȻһ飬ûл 

｣ʮȫŵƽʣ࣬ſڵУҵǴǳһ¶˵ҵܻججȴ֪ 

ΣʱѺͽͨڸΪӰλ񹩷λǰ 

תۼѽ£սϳճֱﻹһ 

ҸղȥԴ¥һž˵ 

еȥԴ¥Ϊʲôһȥ 

߹ƽʱǰҵŵҽȥȥ׼ôһȥ 

㶣ϲЦտ§סĲӵʲô˵ 

ԻͳһǰλΣȻܸ㣬ǰ˳û㡣 

ҵĳҾȵĽ˳Ҷˣǲĺģ 

Ժĸû취ôҪĶҲ棬òĺϸģһֱúõš 

һЦӲһǵһȥԴ¥ʱҵë״Ĺź 

ѾҪȻҰժ 

Цһ͸ңǴвУ 

ð̧ͷЦ۾Ҳгһߡ 

§סҵҵЦŵɫ˺ܶ࣬ôôݣ͹㵽ûкúø 

һ۾ʦı£ 

ʧЦǺͽܣ֪ʦ˵ûã˵͹㣬˵˵Ѧʦү̵ʲô 

Žߵߣָڳдֽţ 

ȸϷɣֽϵָ֣ʫף֪֪ʫдõļ䣿 

Ȼ֪Ѧʦү˵ǡţ㵱ʯͷҵǵݡ 

Цֹҵʯ檵ѲݣѲ˿ʯתơ 

͵ǰɡ 

εЦЦһͬڵϣָֽϵּʵϲģ䣬㿴 

˳ŽָȥȴͻȻע⵽ϵһֻϣŵǾ˺ģʵõʲôԴ¥ģ 

˵ţֹȥҪѻù 

æССģ漣 

ϡҳ彣Ҫòã 

ôãҾģûûŪˡ˵꣬ѻϣչ 

һֻɫʰ쵵ĿȸԾȻֽϣ磬 

͵ס̾Ưҵϲ 

ҵĶͷ簮ǣǷʲôһ벻ҾǴҪ㾪ϲģ 

һʱģԺүңвУ 

Цõ⣬ҵô󣬲оǲУǰѻϡ 



ִⲻϸңǵ񼸰ֻֻ¾Щ⿪š 

ۿҵѾûм죬սͻȻûƽʱЦݣü֮䣬ľмɫ 

ҿ𼸷㷲ʵôˣΪ˹ķ𣿡 

ĬĬ§סңףĸҹȥ顣 

סˣһʱһţʲôҲ벻ףʲôҲ˵ 

ҲȻѾܹȥˣĸ֪ǵ£ԲŻнľٶ 

ҧ˰촽Ҫֿǣ 

ǡæҡͷĸѾ֪ǰһֵ÷з£ΪȢԲʮˣѾ˴䡣 

һʱаתǧĬȻãʣûӦɣ 

ȻûУ󼱵ף㣬ҴӦĸ飬Ȼңģ֮㡭ô 

붼룡Ҵе˵Ҳǳģûôΰ󣬵˵Ӧҵ飬ѾһӸңѵֻ˵˵ģ 

ףףͼң˵˵ 

Ҳ 

ףһұסһʱ侹ȻԹԱ졣 

ҵףҾṼ㣬ȻѾ֪뷨ڿʼڧҲҪңҪң֪֪ 

͵ҧס촽ͷһ§סĲӣв㳳˼䡣 

ҶЦõǣֻССĲǨ㣬ˣ 









9 



ӾҵԽԽȴԽԽĲӹʱԽԽǶףΪã̫󲻻׷Ƚɻ顣 



սһ񽻵--ԲԲƣηм䣬һġ֡ 

ˣȻǽ˵ģϵֵÿ˶ӵеƣһֱ̫̫ƽ˽һжѾԶ 

һܣƣһʱѹ˵ 

ץסҵ֣ͬһסף֪⼸춼ʹ죬Ҳǡĸ񽻸ңҾ־ڱصõľģֵܵ񣬶ڴ֮͸Լڰ͸㡭ǿһκܼѵ·Ҫߣ۶ѣֻҪҵ񣬾һҪһȥ𣿡 

Ļһ㣬̼䴵ɢĵ׶յĲ֣߬صĳŵףҴӦ㡣 

ЦЦ§ 



һתۼ䣬¾յˡ 

ϽϳʱӦнһ 

ߺҲ𴲣ĽҴһµĵɫѣҰͷãȻЦǹӵѣүԸ׼ģӴϣǺÿ 

ҶԾӣҲԼ棬ǱҲЩ⡣ 

ĺӦĿҵģЦ 

ıЦߵӣİɣģүһˣ 

ҳɵ۾ʲôʱ㿪ʼѧúӦһˣ 

ӦĲģڵѧĺһ𣿡 

ĵ 

ûãҲѾͷƽϣЦӯӯߵʣ׼֡ 

ͻȻԺﴫһϸ·ף·׳ 

ֵ̧ͷѾͷһۣҲɻ󣬶˭˷ 

ű顱һƿˣһɫӰĳ˽ƺǱƽġ 

½㣿ȿˣг 

һϸһȺѾ˽Ϊ׵һƤ׾еģ·ȻǹƷ̫ķΡ 

ҾȵĿһȺ֮ͣĸоʲô 

ӣɫӰ嵽ߣǵ--Ȼ¡ 

ӣǡ 

죡Ϊ׵̫£Ѿͷ̫㿴ү㲻ľ̫£̫ǰٰΣ·ײҴţ֪֪̫ʲô 

Ҷʱһ 

£һֱ󷽣֪֪أҲֱ棬һֱ϶򵥣ȴû뵽̫ɹģ 

뵽̫£Ҳ̫ԽذһֶΣֻû뵽ѾͷȻٳ꣬һһңһҺͽ߹⿲Ѿͷûֻû뵽ðΣնΪ֮ 

翴һۣû̫ү͹ӵ飬ʥҲ֪İ 

㻹Ҷ죡̫һƻ£ 

ʲôҳȥץס̫󣬡Ѿͷ˭㶯 

ǣ̫һƢСǰ﹫Ȼ㣬Զٰӿ׾٣ 

ţ¾е﹫ӵҲ֪Ƕ˹ӣүǰҲý 

ұ죡ǰʲô˵ķݶҽƫҪ 

ҪĺӦͬʱ 

־ɵſڵһȺˣһʱһƬҡ 

﹫һģͻȻҴҴ½ǣСһʶ̫Ը߾ˣǧҪһԺү׷̫󡭡 

һս̫ʱ˵Ļ һд֣ʱһֱԺƺˣô˵̫Ȼ 

˼˴͵һƲס󺰳ʲôأôˣ 

﹫Ц㻹˼ү--̫⼸λϼң·ףʰʰ׼·ɣ 

·¾еүӦģ 

ұ죡㻹ǵԼɣһһع̫ô㣡 

¾һ£죬˵ʲôĺӦѾͷûⳡ棬ɵһԣŴҡ 

¿ˣͻȻйʵӿ--ҡҪֿˡ 

㻹ʲôʰ﹫ߴ١ 

ҵɴ۾Ĵ˿ҡҿɲԲߣ 

ֲּ̫ܲ˵ 

̼ĨһѶͷӿ亹ҸţвУ 

УеĴ𰸡 

Ƭ̣ͻȻ뵽ʲôȵ£˵ʲô﹫Ѿ㴫 

˲䣬ãȻĻܣ룬Ҫ뿪סס˽һӡ 

ǽһ㣬Ƿ漣ϣԺͻȻһ⣬͵سëʣߵǽߡ 

ιʲô˵˲ֵģ 

صתʢ˵﹫ǹ̫࣬Ϊ֮ӣôͻȻͿˣ 

㡭﹫ȻͻȻת̬סһʱſڽࡣ 

ҰԵ⣬ͦͦأŵү̫ʧͣڰ˳ɱڹ̫ҳΪԳҺҵѾͷǿɾʹشүٹϾ̫׹⣬һд֣̫ͺãҪ׷ʱѵ̫ܸ첲գΪһƷֵ̫࣬ĸٴʧͲɣ﹫ϸԼķĲ˵һ£øϳȥնˣηˣҿ㣬үԻңңʲô˻үǰ㣡 

㣡﹫һʱͨ죬ƫƫҲӴ 

һʱֵ⣬ѹǿԳŴҲƽϣֻҪ㲻Ϊ£¶еҪһ仰үûǲã 

﹫סһҲ˵ 

Ǹչȥдɣǲǵģαôͷ£ֲ˵ 

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תۼ佣ŹѾʮգʱ䲻ͽĳͻ٣ÿÿִǽͷճ󿴵óȻһδãȴҲﵽ͵ļ㣬治ףһӢǣΪʲôԼŹأǰȻҲ޽벻óϦԣ棬ִԷһÿ춼Уһٲȥһͽӽ 

ɹͻȻӭս֧Ԯ 

棬սһƬɱ졣 

ں濴Žһ·棬̼ɱʮɹűһʱм 

ԾԾԣûб֣ɽߣģæүϸǰɱһƬҾȻв䣬뷽֮໥֧Ԯɡ 

һ۳սȥȻʿĽصķأɣ˿ҡ 

ɽֵүбϣȷһ¡ 

͵س˳ 

ɽ״æСĶˣүϢŭ 

˰ڵˡֽ߷ŵսϡ 

һռʤսְѽеоУսϰڵ󷨣ɿˣ벻ѧ 

һ˷ܣվͽսôҲ˵Ǹѧ֡ 

ô᲻ףŵԽӰһֱȱ֣ϲǰӣҵæĵҪúл㡣 

֪˳ˮ飬ԥƬ̣뿪ھܾ 

ԥһ˵ģȻҪ׹´󣬼СǿеǰԸܷĽ٣ȻѾսӦרĴ̲ǣңҲֵֶܵϣ 

˻һȻסңѵҾǲɣһţһث֣ 

⻰˵ڣɲٺڣѧһ룬ͻȻˣ˷ҵѪ 

õҵʲôˣ 

ãֵΪģһڣһث֣ƣĶŽ 

һʱʤĶ˵˱ģȥ¡ 

Ϊˣס֣΢ЦȻûֲĶЦڨڨƫͷȥ 

Ҳ⣬Žߵߣ̯һŵͼ㿴ǽɹ˽ʱҰڵ󷨣ǡ 

㽲ʱߵܣ翴ǿһͨԺض󽫾Ĳϣ 

˽ǳʱã˵˳־ʱӿ汸ôǱȥ 

ЦãĶбȤһڣԺֵսҴúɽ 

һӿȣһ䡰áѿڶѾſͷͻȻʶԴǼ·ԼͽѾܾû˳ʱĽ̸ 

һʱס֪Ϊʲôʱһ˿һҲûͽ֮ĶԹʱͻȻͻȻһΣڨڨҡȥˡ 

תȥߵſڣͻȻڱеҾʤ׷٣εΣ 

͵ضסŲȴûлͷԥΣڵܽɡ 

¹ȥææµµԱһţνǳ˵æµÿҹʱ׵ǣһڶ 

ԼصڸԶһżѾѹҲȷϣһҪ뿪վǱ 

дò֪ܶĶûᵽ磬׵ָôЩûУǰһ𣿻С׺޲ 

ͽĹϵûԭĽţȴҲ˵Ϻãһ̣һѧྴ˭Ҳû˽µĶԹ 

ǺĵĹϵһֱƽƽȣоգȻӪĵһҹͷЩºʾãҲԽľãԼģʵǺ޲ȴֲĺ޲ 

һ캮¶أȫ賿ʱͻϮɹžӪүѧѾãΪʷ 

Ź֮һ̸ֱֽʵսᣬȻϲѡ 

¼ео㲼һˣ賿ͻϮ󣬴һҪ˯ˡ 

ǣ˳ȥԽߵܣûаҹսľ˯һɣʱҽ˴¡ 

Ƕ˯ȻҲá 

˵һʱǻ˯˹ȥΪԼ̺ӣԺۣʿһµһȣһץס˵֣еף 

һ㶣̶Ե˯Ժˣſҡ 

ţִԽץýˣףҺ㣡 

һΣȴǡû˵꣬͵رס졣 

ʱѣȻǰʵģ׵˼Ѿױ֪Էһ˵Ǵ׵һԼĻ룬һס죬е㲻Ҫ˵Һúÿ㣬㣡 

סŽһʱ˵ܾĻ 

󵨰ֶֻסճյ 

ĺסվͬģ׵üëĸЩ͸ŹƤĿɰ׵񣬲͵Ŀ⣬͸һɹŹ־飬ͬľ촽׵촽һЩģ˯ŵʱҲ͸һǳǳЦ⣬˿ 

һӱҳ˶಻ͬĵطйѣſĵ֣૵վͬһˣվǡ 

Ҫ˵ʲôһŲһ˽ 

һΣڨڨվ 

զ˵Σ΢΢һ㶣Ƭָ̱̬һʱҲˡ 

һ㱣Ժһõ㶫˵վ߳ 

ļ߳ȥҴҶԽղš 

˰֣ףȻ㡣 

ǵġͼ͡ 

ס֣ʱּһչҾƽϾˣ 

һȻʥʥּô֪ 

һЦߵǰһһݵʥּûУܺһ⣬㿴 

ĺɵĽӹ򿪣ȴֽϣɷд 

ܣ 

˴βǧŹأΪ֧ԮʵһƽڣǧԱ֤һ·ƽȻɹŴ²ʵΪţһëʵϣһۣн١޶ԽѾ߰ˣ޴Ȳһֱ֮Ǵ̣ǳ֮ΪӰ֮ѳɳ֮ϣֵͬĿУܷ¾ʱԹʱƣڹؼʱָĽᡣ 

֣Ϊ·빬޶Ծ޶ʤԲǵִ֣մˡ 

ֺ 

ĿţͻȻЦʥӢ֮£ʮа˾ŲιȻֲ¶ˡ 

ƵĿ˼ģ˵ʲô 

İŽصУ֪֪ѲǵһΣӪ֮ΰҽгɡסʥ˵·ӵĸѾԽ˵նңһҲû 

һ㶣ģ 

Ȼġ 

ˣͼ򵥶ˣ˷ܵҰ｣ĽᣬһֱҲžСȴúܣҲߣôȥԵĶ 

ĿŽгģɵô 

һսǽһδһֻ衭˵ͻȻסˣЦӯӯģģҲ 





1Źء꣩ 



PSʵ²꣬ǽһսĴţλĽᣬѾڡｻĦĦһдˡ^_^ 





IIԭš 





1 



תۼһ죬԰ǿҩѾ˼Ƭѿֳĵһҩݣ񱦱Ƶĺǻš 

ⱡģȴѾ㹻ů˵ӣҩｽˮĺӦҲæ 

ؾѾˣҲ֪һ뿪ʱ飬̫ڹ£ڵͷӦ˽ҵ顣 

ʵһؼĸ֮ңô֮һʲôһ㣬˵ʲôҲϸңǻԺӦĶ䣬ʱң 

ӣ㲻֪үӹʱֻֻʣˣһ²ź⻰ֻԹ˵ɲ߱ˣȻӦĻᱻͷģ 

˵Ҳ˵ôˣļĴߴ 

ӦĽ˵Ҳ֪үڹﵽܹʲôֱ½͵͵Һģԭ̫үʱ̫үİӣҴʵڶ죬үЩȡ 

ҲĽгڣɫҰ׵ĶӦģһʱЩȥ 

Ӧļҵģæ˺ˣү˵ĵطҼ򵥴ˣӵɫֱˣ 

ǿ˵ͷؽ¥̳www.zadm.com 

ӦĸҵˮСү˿ڡ˿ڡǷյúڴϲͣӵ֣̫һ߸үβһ߰үǵڶ죬̫ȥүʱȴүֻһӣ߻ϣϣϣǻ˵ĸӡӲ֪үửɣɵɵҡͷӦĽеÿɺأүʦѧġӣ̫߽ȥʱүڻʲô 

ңҳɵʵ 

ɲǹӣӦĽеү̫Ͱѻٸ̫󿴣˵ĸƣ׵ģжôɰһһҹֻһԻЩϡ̫˵ԸŮֽߣүٻүȴ˵ĸһôͻȻͿҵֽʣܶҵͷ𣿡̫⻰Ͷү˵Թȥƫƫ㻭үƫƫһֱһֱҹߣһȻһղһգ˿ڲãҲյøˣ˴ͷԸŮѹӵĻڴͷÿŻһ㡣̫ܲ£½㵱ʱһǡңˣǹң̫һļȻүү밲ү˭֪үү̾˵ףҺͨôϲģ 

Ӧ˵ͻȻԳЦ 

ӦļЦҲЦ˵ӺÿİЦ۾ûˡ 

ôܣæɴ۾㿴㿴ҵ۾ôôûˣ 

ӦЦֻǹģ¾Цˡֻ̫ǰүûֹ飬ۼûãеĻóȥˣķıҲߣүٻ½˵̫ƺ󹬣ȻǱѩˣ֡½˵Ǹʲôš֮ǲǵİ취ֻѾˣȫ·ˡ̫عԺǲˣֻһ˵£·׵ʲôãΪʲôҪŰң½æ˵̫ū澾ûе֮˵׹ӽԺūүһտֹһգūʲôֻүľͺˡ̫µĻֻǳ̾˿ڶ̫ȥүүȻ˺þãŷүԭȥӣǸʱү˿ǻصúأ 

һҰףӦļҵģͻȻݺһԼԴԣ˺˹ӣһү˾ˡ 

ǿ˵ͷ 

ӦСŽ̫үûҲ˵үȴһЦݣͺ񳶼ҳƵĶ̫˵ĸһԶÿӰӵӣıСųĶӸҪ𣿡̫Ѻͻ̸һޣڶ죬̫ٴȥүʱɿڵɡ 

ӦĸҽĹ£֪һкۣܶѾͷö֪ģѾûȥ˵ĶԣһжȥˣЩҪˡ 

ÿÿ£Ҷ̲סҪ̾Ҳ⣬ǲ˴Ȥ̾ôƵģ 

ˣ 

͵ˮҨתȥ 

ְ§˸Цʣôûôң 

ҴʵûòڵĿûԳ 

һһȵĵѾƣ󱻻ȥ쿼Ѿûظˡ 

ʣȻ˼Ƭ̣Ŵȷģ㲻ҽѲĻᣬһ֡ 

ʲô 

ҷ߷ߵĵ 

ƺҵģͦȤȻЦӯӯģһںģ 

 

˭ҲȲᡭ 

Ǻᡭ 

ô򡭡 

֣ÿοůůЦʱͻʲôƢҲҲ湻ûõġ 

ţͻȻ§ϵֽ˽չС˵ףһòã 

СĺӦġ 

ˡЦ˵֪ûˣǻﰭ𣿡 

ȺϢϣҲ۾С˵ǡ׺ˡ 

ĴѹŹϤζ㴼ӿֻСèһڽ۾ 

೤ǳǳģüۼĥһͣסҵ֣˵طȥɣҪúϴ裬Ҳ 

 

ͻȻġûҲûϵԼôֻˣС 

ȵģֲ˼£ǿĵèץƵĸоӦţð 



2 



ͽǣֻصԺѾͷѾˮ׼ˣҽԡңغţͻȻ˱ҡ 

һ󲻽⣬ȴһЦ˵ϴɾȣڳúܣҪŪס 

˭ˡ 

ҿ·ˮסһʧֻûһʵڿϼûУ 

ˣصذŵһĽ 

£Ҳܵʪʪ͵ڳӱϣʣʲôӦ 

ܳ 

ҺǺһЦ˵һֱΪǸʮĻ 

ûӦͻȻεرߣʵףûܲμӵԣʧʧ 

ʧұҲ١ΪʲôҪ 

ȴֲˣͻȻֹҵЬӣֻŶˮҵСȡ 

һȣҴ۾С˵ʲôʵʵϴȥ 

ңͻȻ˵ãǰһ̫ˣұŶۡ 

һ죬ĻôȥͻȻֻ첲§סӦѾҺˮ 

͵ءˡһֱžΥյǻʹ˿ʼȻչ׵촽š 

ȫʪˣֵϣԼˣסһ˵Ҳ·ڿ⸱ģϿ 

ұ۾˰ΣȴûеȣҶףͻȻķſҡ 

⣡еҲˣԼ˿˽žͿ쵽ˡ 

ʲôҵʱŴ͡Լ˿ˣΪʲôƫƫԼʱ 

ӿһơ 

𲻸һ¡ 

ףĺܲˣҲ㿴 

˭֪ȻĿҵ˼£˵ˣףˮãԹԵһȻҲˣҴææϰӣ·ˡ 

ء 

ǡˣ 

ĺӦҴҸһɾ·һϡԡ߳һƨڵϣͻȻһŴأ 

ˣӣӦæɵİѸൽǰŴһûԶˣӣιܲòã 

ѽӣҲ˵Ŵ⼸첻ԾǲǲˣӲǺ̫ҽѧҽ𣿰Ŵſòã 

ѧҽˣֲҽӣ 

Ӧ˵ҿŴŰ˳̫įˣͷֻĸͺˡ 

Ϊʲôĸã϶ǹģ 

ܹĸиǺõġ 

Ѿͷһһ˵òֺԱţζˡƫƫʱѩŽ˵ӣүĪ˳ȥˣ˵ҪҪ죬ùӱүԺޣЪš 

͵ؿ 

ѩһˣæȰңү˵ùЪţ㾫һӳȥ̤ء 

ȥȥߺߵĺҲסӦģǻ 

ص̷ԸѾͷȥŪС·ϣҴǳȥ档 

棿һ֣Ӧ۷Ź⣬˸߲ҵȥ· 

ȴңӣΪʲôҪǻС˵Ĵ磿 

ΪҪȥ԰ֱ׳ĺ 

԰ĵʧɫӣǡǿ̻֮ءҡ 

ҽӿ͵Ķˣ֪ô 

֪ǡǾͲҪȥˣү᲻˵ġ 

ҾҪȥ˭ңҾͷȥ԰ҩݡһ˽һ£ 

ǡĻҪȰȴһ·ӦĴˣСѾͷ˳ܵǰֻ۾ңӣ·ˣҺĽҪװȥȤ 

ӦģҪȥ԰ҲҸ 

ҲңΪʲôңһԺСģ˳ɸͲ֪ν԰ʲôط 

Ѿͷȥݰ·ϰɡҷԸ 

ǣӦĴӦţת任· 

ȴûüͷңӡ 

ģȥԺŴŴھȥ㡣 

֧Ĳȥ 

ִѾͷ 

Ӧĺܿ컻·ܳ˸߲ҵĽУĽ㣬ȥѽҶˡ 

İźˣĶҲȥ֪԰ 

ģҵ۾סĻߵӱȥ㡭ã£ʼʮͿվ׷ǣûУ 

ӣ 

ذ໰ҲҪˣ˵ 

ҿǴûô˵İ˳ɱˣĹԹԵĵͷȥŲҶ 

ʱߣʱ 

һסӦĵ֣ҲƵĳ˳ȥ 

ӣĲȥһ̣Ļ̲ס׷ 

ֿ죬һϴţꡱһ 

ӣӣĴţˣǸүҲȥֵطؽ¥̳www.zadm.com 

ٺ٣ҲŲǸأĴ㣬ô򵥷ǳ 



3 



ӦСѾͷȻ֪԰ʲôطֱţ˫ɶԵˣ˹ĥ૵ŻȻһС̼ǵͨ졣 

ӹӣƴҵ䣬ֵطʲôүҪ֪ˣǿɲģ 

֪֪ˣˣѵֻôԼҲ¹ײŵҪǷ򾲣֪˶󾢲װģ 

˵иŹʵӭģʱģλǵһչ£Ұ﹫ӽܸΣ 

ҡҰԼûãȻײײ˵ 

չ΢΢һЦӲýţξͺˡ 

ǰ԰ǾйõһңȻҲ̻أȴѰ԰˺ܶ糾ɫۼˣ¶񣬹ȻͽϽͷԺһ 

ҡ롭һϡһġͰ͵İѻ˵Ѿ̵òԼġ 

չ΢΢һЦʣϲʲôģСģ 

ģ 

ֲ̧յ÷̵С˵͡ġ 

һڣչһ죬ӦҲӣꡱһЦ˳ 

ӵ˼ǡһģ 

ѽȻǣһҪ˵ 

͵ǺͺҪҸģ 

ԭԭˣչϵı飬޵ݣӵ¥ϴɣҴӡ 

ö֣ 

Ҽæͷ 

֦ͷһ֦ĺûйͷģҲһһģŮװ˳ɿԼ档 

ţЦ˰ΣͻȻʣôƺӣ 

ҡҽס 

ףֺܿɰһ 

˳Ǽ˵£ޡɰȴ֪Ϊ˵Ҹòøˡ 

˵׹ҲӵģǾͺȺȾ죬㿴òã 

Ϊʲôҳڶ̶һ죬˵Ϊʲô˵Ҳӵģ 

̬ǧЦЦģǺÿ˵ʵ׹ӿɱСģʵֻŰţȻ顭ġ 

ףǹ˵ûã 

ҶʱΪ𣬾ӷһǸεεЦݣȻȥκһ˶ôƯ᲻÷ɣ 

ڨڨ죺ܡ˵죬Ǿˡ 

˳ܹǴҸҵġ£Ҳڴ۸Ľңǡȴˡͽ׽ģ 

׹ʲô 

˫ˮ۾ҡѽôôÿ 

㡭 

죬Ҫ˵ͻȻʶӦĻվţ˳֧Ŷ˵æתͷȥԸӦģ㲻վţȥУ̵˳ȥԡ 

ӦĺɵĿһۣԥĽӹģС˵ӣǧʲôСүŲ˵ˣ 

֪֪ 

Ӧ߳ȥ 

ֹģһֱ΢ЦֱӦĳȥ˵ӵģԼѾͷ 

ţҲĵɴ۾ 

۾󣬾ȻӦŮġ 

ЦӯӯĶƱ˿ھƣ̬ÿӶҪ 

׹ӣҪ˵ʲôڿ˵ˣ 

ҡ˵㡭ľٶܡܺÿܲܡ̽ң 

ʲôЦ˳һЦһҡ֣㡭㻹ȤʱЦʲô̬ûˡ 

ôЦôΪʲôÿ˶ܶЦˣǸϸˣҵѾͷӦʱҲˣڣȻżСҲôЦҡ·׳˺Цƺûı£󳣳˵һ仰ҲǡףȤô 

ԭôһˣûһȻ 

׹ӣôˣ 

ʲôȫûڣȻȻȻ˵˳ֲԽԽûȤ 

ȻġŶһ˶٣ͻȻ˵Ȥǻ𣿡 

򵥣 

һЦȻǲ򵥣԰Ҳؿȥˡ 

֪ 

䣬˵԰ͷֻҪӣû򲻵Ķ׹ӣ𣿡 

ҡҲס 

ɵɵģȻ̾˿ľɵ񡭡 

ʲô 

ҺôҲǿԵˣȻûУôҲ䲻ľĵز 



4 



һʱҪƫƫʱӦĵ䴫ӣҪأ 

 

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ڴӡֻܹʮ֪ڡ 

ɿɨһȦƺǲĿڣӲϵ׹Ϲҵ飬Ӧöϳ˻ɫвУ 

֪԰뽭ϽͷԺȣʲôر֮ˡر⣬θر󣡾ȻһӾͰֵǮҪȥ 

СǱ͵ģ 

ý֪ҰѡסˣҪҵСŹ֣ 

һʧһתͻȻֶҵ֣ףָҲùۡ 

ָ 

ҵͷԼĴĴָָҲǽģǰһҿź棬Ҫ˾ͻġ 

İָǣҲδؼǵһ 

뵽̧֣Ѱָȡݸϲ͸ˡ 

һϲɫӰָĶȻŵ壬ѰָԼϣַȥĶһڿڣȻģҲ̹ӼСӼţʲô飬һɲ䶼ᵹθڣ֪֪ʲôӭܣ֪֪ʲôб£׹ӣʵģҲһһģˡҲͦɰǹؼʱ򣬽εοôһǺ˵ģ 

һ죬ޡ޵£Ҫ 

˵Ҽǵ괺죬˰ҵĳӣҵ̤࣬ߵһƬžǿͻȻ£ǾҲ»˾Խ¾Խζ 

գҪ˵ȥͻȻһӵĽŲһҹûпˣѦүˣʲô˶ÿվ 

ѦүѦүչµȵɻЪЪҿǱûУ 

ˣҪۿĸҪĸѦӦˣ 

һűƿˣѦү˽Сģˣɫ΢չ¡ 

չһű㺰ӭӭѦү 

ǡǡȻҲ˱ɫ 

ѦүȻôͷ 

Ĵһţѣͷһһġ 

Ѿ˹ȥȻЦôÿѦүҲ˼ƣûʲô 

ȱ죡Ѧүֻ۾ֱĶϣΣͻȻЦ˳ԭѵСġ 

һ죬û˵ 

ѦүѾ˹ζ´һƷǼƷչ£Ҿ͵ĳӣ 

ʲôףȻҵġ 

ͷҵĳӻ࣡ҵ۾ 

ѦүȻһ㶣̶ִЦԭֻСҰèããүϲģ 

Ȼһסҵĸ첲еҳȥھҪСҰèζ 

ʲô쵰ɫ˵ʲô 

Ѧүչ³СЦţλ԰ĿˣСġ 

ǣ쵰۾չ£˰ΣͻȻôĵӣƭͷˣȥҳȥүҪˣ 

쵰Ѿ֪ҲСģȻװһ֪ģɫǣ 

ſצӣ쵰ߣͻȻֻ˵أһת׹ʱѾڴϣ 

˵һ飬ҳȥһһʵĿ־ 

ӣӣӦǰ棬ѦӦеҶҼҹԣ֪Ҽҹʲôˣ 

ٺ٣ѦӦһȤ֪ʲôˣҽƫҪҹԣѦѦɣСȥ湫ҰŹغˣ 

ǣ 

С˳һһҼܿӦģѦӦһѰҰڴϣҾֵ㣬˻еңŸԴ㿳ģҡҳȫң 

Ŀͦ󡭡ҡȫҡɡ 

Ѿ־˵ֻˡ 



5 end 



Ӧıųȥһ·ţſңſңǺôĵӣˡ 

ţ˺·͵ͣסҵ°ͣѹʣˣ 

ǡǣҾδͰͺ㡢㻹ſңҡġĳȫң 

㡭ѦӦһ˿ӵĹ⣬ҿһսľʱ򣬴ͻȻһɧңţһϤܻĺ·ףĶҹ 

 

һϲŴ˻е 

顱һŲԶŽףף 

 

ŲڵſڣһȺˡġɽ硢סлСǸһܻҳģҵĽ 

ء̲סʳе󡭡󡭡 

嵽ߣһѰ§޺޵СԩңҧĶУ 

ء§סĲӣ޵϶šҡˡ 

§סҵĸ첲͵ĹøǶݺݵģҵģ㣡 

ءȻҡ 

Ȼǿ˸췭ظ׿޹ˣӽ̧ͷŷһѾȥһ䡣 

ףΪʲôҶҪ 

ỹûĨɾѾȥ⣬ҪʽͻȻŹǰѦӦɫ࣬ͺˮҹһ㡣 

ѦӦףô֪֣ڳ٣Ѿ֪жٲѹʥǶˣھȻҵҲҶŹͷǱסˣ 

ѦӦһ󷢶΢֪΢ʵڲ֪ǡ׹ӵĴ΢ҲҸģ֪򲻸ҶԹӶ֣ 

һ鶯طһŴѦӦϣȵף͸Ҷǲǣʣ 

һƺʵᣬѦӦһ죬߶µҡҡ 

ĿһɨͻȻϣʣϴʲô 

һ£ȴҿ϶ǲڶ˵촽˶ʲôҲû˵ 

һ͸׵ĶҲҴ㲻ָ̫أѹô 

һ£֪ڶ˵æһߵͷµС֪ˡС׹ӣ 

죡״ĶҲԼݣ 

ǡС˲ңҡ 

һ߶µĿģͻȻһ̣Сֲں 

Ҳұ죡 

ءȻô˵ 

һίգգ۾Ҫ޳ 

ҵģϵıȥһ㣬ԸɽѦӦ͵ϲδ˴СġôƯɣ 

ǣɽӦ 

ɨһӦģ㣬һٺ»ؽ񷿣һҹ˼ 

УҾеģֲ֪ 

û˵꣬ͻȻһת׹ԼѾһڼϡ 

ʲô쵰쵰ƴŤӣһͨȭߡ 

ȴΪҴ˳ȥвظԺٷǷݣʵ㣡 

ء 

쵰󣬻ظԺȻķң 

ұڴϣֱѹһֱĥ°ҹʵڳŲסڳҭҭĿ˼û뵽ͷǾȻ۷⣬§˵ףôıѹſޣʵˣ 

ɣӦȥ̤࣬ôȥһ 

ûϵˣ 

ɡء󡭡Ҫ˯ 

ڶһ磬Ժ˴ӱϴ£һжû۾󱻱һҡҡλγ˸ 

֪§ҵǽԺʣȥʲô 

ȥ۽쵰û 

иУڣڳŵһµĲľ㣬ô 

ˣҲˡ 

ͷҲأݺݸһӣ𣿶Ĵ 

һЦ§סҵֿʼһᳵ·̽ڣǣҵĴھҪٷһΡ 

ˡÿķǣôȣΪʲôҴܳȥǸĪˣܺÿ𣿡 

㶣ͻȻЦף㲻ҪҳԷɴףĪǺԺѧʿεԣҲǼ࿼֮һ 

ǱڹӼ죬վǲǣ 

εף˵ԼĪ˵Ϊ㣿 

Ϊңҹһ 

ɲΪ㣡Ҵͷβ㡣 

ã˵˵ңһ²ң 

Σֻʵʵ͸Ī˲ǵԵļ࿼٣ҲǽʡԵľ٣ڹӼ࿼ԵңĽϿԾʱһƪ£Ȼ˵ᣬȴı壬㣬ͨһ֮ԶкøУҲԾǽʡĵڰʱĪ뿴ģұҲǸ֡ף˵ֲ֣ 

Ҳ֪ʲôϵͿĵͷ˵֡ 

иֵġΪǸ֣ҵСף 

ʲôҴһңҲûа 

Ц˵Ҳ֣ԲԼĪ˹ϸʣϳţҲȥ£ԭǸ¼εС٣ддŲСĴ͵ƣһԾĵҲ󣬰ѺȻԼȥǸԾĵù㡣 

ҾȵŴͣɵɵĿŽ 

ҵģ̿չסң૵ͱô󣬺ѿ 

ұһǣǺͿԺ˸ʹ죬ڷſңҲ˵һ£ǽϿаһô˵ǲеˣ 

㶣ԣӦˡ 

ҳԳһЦҲòռ˺ˣ˭Ǻֵܣ 

ҵĻһʱ˵ҧ˰˵ûģҲô죬Ȼôһ仰 

һЦ§סĲӣý󣬺үˣȥҰ㴸 

ͻȻһЦ͵طҰ£ɫɫ˵Ȳؼˣڰɣؽ¥̳www.zadm.com 

ڣҴһ৵ĺ͸ˣˣҪ˾ 

Ҫ˼˵䣬Ѿ 

ôһͷǣҲֻˡ 

˵ûԽ£ԽζµĹУҵȷᵽǰδеĿ֣󣬽ʱ૵˵һ䣺Ȼˣԭš 





2ԭţ꣩ 





⡿ 





1 



תһ죬ѵýĹ𻨿رãδƣ÷ʣӦߣݾ£϶ˣһּʮ죬԰и͹ڣٹٹͬͻ 

ʮ壬Ȼˡ¡֣µգȫǹ𻨵⾰ºһƣ⾳ôݵóģ 

ǺþǺþƣΨһİܱʣԼǸˣԼԶλããáȺҽУ׾ԽԵþˣ˼ˣԺһ㡣 

һȥҲʮˣձԼģƺĸˣ˳˲٣Ե˼ζֻǻһϸݵĺôԼһֱֻ۾ܰڻ 

óͻȻϯصĿ˼תͷȥһԼ穤ϡ 

ǼƷȪϵ󣬡Ĳɵţ̣˺þơ 

һЦ˳ 

ͻȻֵֻСèԽԽҰˣ޸ղԶԶһۣȻ˻ǲ֪ 

֣׾ƲΡ 

ЦЦͻȻֵ޵ĲˣΪʲôμֱϴϸ࣬޺ǧûȵһ˰ 

΢΢һЦҲЩ˵ĵ⡣ 

ԴǳԺӾһֱ˵Ϻãһ͸̫࣬ҽ˸ƫҩϴˮÿһΡһײӴãƤҲսӨ͸֮䣬ý󰮲֡ 

϶ƱһڣͻȻֵ㻹ǲǵýǳ̣ 

ǳ̣ 

ţǰԪڣŽʱֻʮꡣ 

ŶƺЩӡ󣬡ǸԲСѾͷ 

Цְˣ˵һֱסݼң˵ʮˣ׼ھѰ¡ 

֪ΰ⻰ȥ 

罣õĻ£þԹʡ 

ЦһСｿߣô˵Ҳǽã׵֪ʲôʾ˼档 

˵زȻҲȫˡ 

˵⻰վϯ̰Ͼ˾еյƱѾ԰ľˮϹ˵ÿһյ϶һգյ׶Ӧģ԰һڣƵߣŵȥյڵĵطйŮͳš˵ЦЦֽŵչȫ⣬ƾ£¶ã 

ӭϵһЦŴҳˮȥ½½ں档 

ˮ鿣һɢתȺȥԼԼǼˮɫѣӭȥͻȻ˲᲻ײһǣиŮġһžһ죬ʲôڵϡ 

һͷȴǸˮɫѵŮʮģԲ󣬴˿ɴ۾ԼģƺЩ졣 

үˡŮͷæһ򸣣һ·˿ˮ鿵ȫȴײү 

ͷϿȥȴղŵڵϵǰӣȹ׹һСС壬ײʯϣѾˡ 

ǽǳ̣ʵ 

үǺüԣǳ̣ǳϴүͽǰ¡ 

˵ͷˣҼǵá 

ǳףʵүոûײɣ 

ҡҡ֣ʾŮӼˤˡɣҲһõȥ縮 

ǳæһ򸣣ǳܵ𡭡ͣƬֵ̣үǳ̶үµ˽Ʒǳһòá 

Խ˵ԽСȴҲˣסãҲŵĻͰѽƷ磬ظȥ 

үǳ̻˵ʲô 

ҡҡ֣Ĵһ£ȴѾˮ鿣һյָڵϴȥƺܰյ״ 

̲סЦ˳֪óľǲգ֮ǰӦӦѾͷҪŻȥֻأԿء 

үͻȻˣǳ̲סֽһ 

͵ػعһ£ǳ̹Աɡ 

ү 

󲻵ѻ˵ϵˮǱߵĸӦ׼˵ģ㲻ȥ 

˵꣬תȥ 



2 



׺Ϧദ࣬ԽĽŲѾһֵԤ֪Уûߵߣ׾ͷҲأָŵϵʵ㿴աһֻŶӵǣһɫѵŮˣվ˵ʲô˼ 

˵ɷ£һЦֺ͵͵šһѣǽãҪӦ䡭ô֪ڸ˵ԴҲ۾ˣ 

һָŵյһѺ˫ӣϴβܴȫҵʱܴҲһѣϲòˣҺü͵͵Ӧ˵ҲҪһѡ 

ǾͲ»ȥ͸ 

µóõվ𣿡 

Цתͷȥ棬ֻϻŷĿӣұīȫͿڣǼʫ 

仨ҶףҶ 

Ψ̺ɺ̣濪档 

Ц־Ȼĵĵաף㿴ʫдʲôģ 

ɻ𣿡 

дɻģұȫǺɫڡָǡɻҰҲǡɻҰˣ 

ӣô򵥣 

ɲô򵥩ţ㿴ٸӦѡһ 

Ʋ˽һۣŲѡĸ㶼µó𣿡 

Կ 

ŵ˼ͻȻפһյǰأ 

ȥǵ϶˶дʫ 

һϪǧ˿ϵס 

÷ʣӦߣ 

Ѳǣƣɢס 

˩ԸһϪ˿÷ʣաӦߣ¥Ѳǩֺһ𣬾ǡ¥ 

˽ɽүȥһˡ 

š֪ˡӦ˾ɽתͷ׵ȥ֣ȥš 

š 

תˡ 

ҪժиŮҽ𣿡 

ײĻͷȴǸղźͽ˵ǸŮվԼһ˫۾Լɨɨȥ 

Ҳǡ׻ش 

Լ̫ҽѾ˿һѧվ񱻹ϡҽ֡ 

ոΪʲôЩҽһ𣿡ǳ̵ǲӵϣ˻Щڡ 

΢΢ҧҧ촽Ƭ̣֦ڣǻشҲҩ¡ 

ǳüͷҩ£ǡʲôٶβμ͹ڵģƷϵĹԱ𣿡 

׶ʱЩɫשǳȻСǰ׹ȴҲûȥ 

ǽô˰ɣû 

ʲô˵ʲôǳ̵ͺ㾹ȻȻֱӺү֡㡢ôĵӡ 

һй򡢱ƭӡ 

ǽйô򵥣ҹҹ۸׹ӿǳЩߵġ 

ǳ̵۾ԽԽ૵ûء̫ûˡ 

ʲô¡ 

ǳҧҧ촽ͻȻ˵ȥ˵Ҫȥúù̹̣ܽܽ 

׶ʱӡ޷޵ĶΣ׵ȥҪǴӦˣǰſڵʯʨӰߣҹҶӦ㣡 

áǡȰĵң 

Ϊʲô 

үղŪҵӣӦҪһѸҵģ 

òɿЦµվȻµ첱Ӵ֣޵ô𣿡 

ǳ̾һæתȥȴϡ򡢽㣬үվڱ󣬻һǳЦϲŭüԼҡͷүүȴεСϣ񡭡 

ϡүȿڵǳ̴ССԤЩС£ͲͷԹ˰ɣ 

ЦЦǳСƢ·׵ƢҲС 

׹࿪ͷ޷޵Ĳ˵ 

ǳŮӼң·ø˫ıӹﻹмѣѾˣ㲻Ҫ͸㷿Ѿͷһ˸ͻȥ 

Ѿͷǳ̲סͺС򲻵סѾͷ̡⻹㣬ӣ϶ѶȥҪʲôȴ͵سһҡͷǳ̲һ飬ʱеĹʶʻضȥˡ 

ǾôˣЦСҰèצץˣСèצ 

⻰һ˶ʱһЦ 

ˣµհɣĽƷǡ 



3 



˽ɢ˿ȥ߹ȥקק׵䣬 

ĳˮ鿣Цĵһ 

ӣֻôᣬҡ 

㰡ε̾˿Ǻûñƫ㣬ȴȫȻûûûΡ 

ƫң׽еǻ˵Ҫҵצӡҵȥ 

ͣ½Ųס׵գм伷ȥЦһͷСô˸ģ 

οżһȭߣҵˣƤˡ 

Цһ촽һƣ㽫øǳ̣ǸӣǺӣ˸ͻظȥ㵱˵˵ûǳǻˣ 

ƺЩףץץɵ𡭡ǡôͻȻˣ 

ֿϲֻСأûְˡ 

˵䣬Ѿߵһ˵ĻȣҲһʮֻûеš 

ҹ紵ż⣬·̲ס˸ 

𣿡 

е㡣 

󲻻ЦͻȻְ§૵˵һ£һͰȺϴˮ˵⻰е 

գգÿ۾ֹסĲӣ촽ҧ˼£룡 

ҧʲô 

ʲô 

ЦЦչȥ촽ѹ׵Ĵϣͷ˿촽ͷҧ˼ǣ૵Ҳʲô 

ˣӵһ𣬾ôճճ˺һԶͻȻһŲŮŵ˹ˣæү׹ӡ 

ſףȴ͵͵§סǰ๬Ů𣿡 

үͷĹŮĵƻǳ꽽ˣڵ»ϵģܹūǰǵ 

Ŷ̧ͷŻһŵͻȻ£ǰѻ£ȥЪŰɣҺ׵ˡ 

⡭ǹŮһȣʹãūôͶүЩ飡 

ɵģҾȤѡֹȥأ 

ǹŮԥƬ̣˶һڻͳӣݵ 

ˣǻȥɡ 

Ů㿴ҡҿ㣬ȥ 

תһӽѹףǱߵҴǱߵмϣ˭ȵһƬĵ桭òã 

͵سҲŲ棡ҲãҲգһ 

𣿡§סߴһģʱȥıȽÿζŪޡͻȻصĴһǡ 

ףǺһ߳ŭҪߣһӱ§סˣϣĲţ˺ˣˣǵ˵߽һӮˣҾͰѡơ͸㣬 

ģ׵۾͵˩ǽͨɫǳƯһֱҪǽ̫Ұһֱ˵Ҫѱһٸ 

ġӦе 

׶˷Żӳ嵽һͷеҪȥҪȥһðӣһ߽Уһæҵĵŵ 

Ц˳ߵһͷĵš 

һһһ͵Ĺ⣬Ź𻨵㣬¡šŲԶһ˹ʵףЩˡ 

סе 

ʲô 

㡭жϲң 

㣬תͷȥ󩤩ƵĹ£ſʵЩģ׿۾ֻ񣬴һůů¶ȣҲˡ 

׵Ķʶ˩һ꣬ѹҵĽ׶Σǲ֪ΪʲôʱﾹȻЩĸо 

͡Ǻܡϲ 

Цˡ 



4 



˵ĶÿһͶһʣʱʱתͷһף˶ŲʵĹУҲһ⣬˵ˡ 

ģһȵĵȫȴ˵˭ȵһ룬Ϊһ֮˾Ϭ§һţҲǳһš 

˿̵׿ڽڵĿӽ⿪˺ü¶Ƥ;µǣ̽·ᳵ·ĹԵأһ׵۵һˮɫ 

󡭡ᴭţС 

ġҧ׵촽ҲҪ㡭ֻǡ뿴Ǹʱģ 

һ󾪽Щ֣·ҪλãƽƾʲôƾʲôֻҡŤ壬Ž֡ 

ǡĻãҪĵطȻԼҪָƣʹ·Ҳ׵̽ÿһСǴС״ 

OO@@תǿҶȡǡĦϢԽԽȣԽԽңеһֻ׿ԽԽ 

š󡭡š㡭ɶ񡭡ÿζҡһ˳󡭡 

϶ȴ˵ˣ̡йѾ¹ڲÿһ¶ƤȾ϶˵ķɫһһ٣һһƯޱ߼ʵˮϣͣȴ֪ͣҡֻн§סĲӣİԵӶᣬݱӶĸоϵľԡ 

ơ۽ǵʪЦҲûнȥܲˣ 

㡭ǡ쵰 

𣿡 

͡ǡŰ 

󻵻ЦˣͻȻһ 

ؾֻץסļȴһ鴤˲䣬ǰһ׹⣬ͬʱʶƺԶԼȥһʱһƬհס 

˲֪ãڽعֻýԼյ۽ţ૵ĵ 

ÿζŪޡôܲˣѵҲ𡭡ף֪֪޵ʱķǳǳˡ 

쵰׵͵ûһ˿ɵýԼϺΪ 

촽Ŀţҧš׵촽ֱÿȥδģֻҪĸࡣ 

ֻԼҪ˯ˣʶʵסţͻȻ̧ۣɿĽ׵·ãȵûУ 

ƺһOO@@һŮʧĳڨڨԶˡؽ¥̳www.zadm.com 

׸û۵˯ˡ 

ЦЦǲҪұȥ˵ˣһΣҪϡ 

һ૵졭Ҫơ 

Ц촽һƣ;ȥ 





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