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һǰ

    ѧѧϰɡãһдĿģǰѧչֲԣʱ䰲šѧϰɡ׼ѧУͼáԼдȵȣӶʹܹõѧҵ    
    Ϊ˰ѧЩɣĿ£    
    ΪѧļṩϢ    
    ѧΪӻѧϰߡ    
    ѧϰе˼͡    
    оɹĶѧϰɵĽ    
    Ҫ    
    ʦѧһΪѧѧϰɡãһ鵽ĿġΪԭĵ棬дʵ޻ǰŵ㣺    
    ҪѧѧӦھϵϰ    
    ѧϰ    
    У԰ӦѧϰɵĽʽ    
    ʻϣϰ    
    汾ӱ֮    
    ܱ汾ᵽŵ㣬ǻǶʵ޶ѧϱ仯޶ĸԱʹߵķϢʦѧ汾ӱ֮£    
    ۺͿ͹ۿԵ⣬½    
    µľ˼ϰҪѧԸˮƽ˼άʽݵϰ    
    ˶Ŀһµ½ڣѧͽݡ    
    75%ϰ    
    


һֲߵȽ

    ͨߵȽ෽㶼õı䡣ı仯ܾıԼΧĿ㿪ʼԼѧϰ𣬲ѧУԱ򽻵֮ʱͽ˸ߵȽ硣ԼΪڽܸߵȽĹӦеȨΡʱ͸µĻ˽ԼѧУĹƶȺͽѧţܰõϤѧУҪȨԴڸߵȽֻԼľܸõΪԼλ    
    Ϊ㣺ѧϰ    
    ΪڽܸߵȽһڸֳʦԱͬѧ򽻵㷢ԼܿϲһЩˡͱûжٹ֮ͬĶһЩϣȥΡʵṩʵӹ̵֡ϲһЩγ̣ͬʱϲһЩγ̡Ϊγ̵ݣҲΪѧķ    
    ƫ˵ѧϰҲ˵ȤĿꡣѧϰӳԸ񡪡ۺϱԸһԼϲ˼棬ԼϲĿʱоЩ˻Щʺ㣬֮һǢС㾭Լͬ˻ʱͻеһֳͻСʹЧжʹ¡ζţȻķӰΪʽҲԸıԼķӦ˻ͬ    
    񻹷ӳѧϰԼϲķѧϰ˼ʱ͸еڡ㲻ԼϲķѧϰʱеѧϰǳҪķѸʱ䡣ʶԼѧϰܹѧϰЧʡѧϰӰķذ͡йƫƫ


һMyers-Briggs

    Ը͵ƫӰ쵽ˡ¡ΧĽѧѯѧľѧṩMyers-BriggsָMBTIȫ㽫档ⷽ棬ϰ1.1ṩʹԼٶԸ͹ơ    
    ϰ1.1ĽΪȷԼѧϰƫƵ㡣ͨĸӢĸʾֱƫEIоSֱN˼루T飨FԼ֪PжϣJ    
    һĸEIǴE򣩻ǴӹI򣩻ߣEϲͱ仯ϲʱ侫˺ϲһ˳ڹˣϲ˴Ĺ볬ʱоʱʧȥġΪһߣܹͨʦõѧϰ񡣵ǣѧϰٶ̫죬ܻʧȥȤͲ͸˼⣬Ҳֵסһ棬һߣIڲܸŵİطԹҿԳʱ伯һĿ档ϲΪԼ׼ǴĦʦͼȻһɱ㲻ݣһϸʱֱ࣬㳬ޡ    
    ڶĸSN漰ע⵽ϲʹõϢࡣһSоߣζͨԼĸоζ֪˽Χġ£ֻͨʹöָй٣ѧϰȡջΪ˼붨λڣҪ˽һĸԭȻ󷽿ɿʼжϲʵõġʵġĿԺǿĹ̫ϲеԵġϲյļˮƽԸѧϰµĶڲϸϸͰķϸ¡ɵعһNֱߣӿĵĸĽۡΪ˼붨λڽԳԵĻԵӦõȷȤ֮ʵԵĻܴӷ˼ԵĶ˼ѧĶѧϰȤͻԺͶԣһһЩɣ㼱ѧϰµĶSоߣȣϸڶ˵ôҪר־ڡΰͼջᡰӶʹ㼴һ۵ⲻȫ棬Ҳܸоá    
    һĸTF漰ʱõı׼ѡT˼룩ķʽá߼ƽᶨ͹ۡ͡Ǹ¡ȴһĿϰɡʲô£㶼ʹó׼F飩ľиأῼǵͱ˵סۡءȴʱǶ·ĶԱʶʱõĲǳ׼Ǹ˱׼    
    һĸPJ漰ľ߹̡ѡP֪˵ϲռϢڶһжָ֮󣬲ŻʵܸԸⲻκξȻһѧϰߣϲҵϵԣ֪ĽһҪ顣ù̱ȽҪϲ˼ӦԼػĻĽ֡һJжߣһ˵κһԻ̬ȶԴ֪߲ͬǣһμоһйŰиߵֻڹ֮󣬲ſˣϢΪýȹ̸Ҫ˼Ŀ棬ϲⶩޡ    
    ѡκһһĸĸϣܾȷеԸΪյĽܱÿһԸв̶ͬȵƫѹıĸԣˣֳԸ򣬻ı仯仯Ȼ˽ԼԸͣ־ΪѧҪĸ־    
    


һָйƫ

    ĸй٣Ӿоʹڸ֪ϢҪá˽ԼԸѧϰһ˽ԼĸйƫҲʹѧϰ졣رЩƫ漰ȡϢķʽͨӾĶдͨ˶֪    
    йӾͻҪϢ滮ߣʹòͬɫǿ۵㣬ԵضϢͼʽʽİšѧϰʱ㾭𡰸ҳϵͼҲԸ⹴ʹͼ    
    йϲΡ˸Ͳۡʼ⣬㻹ϲѽ¼Ա͸ϰϲĶдӽʦõĶҵͿñʼǵĸϰѧ֪ʶеӡˢϢοϡʦ÷ĲϺͽ̲ġ    
    һԼ˶֪ΪѧʵԵĻջ󣬰ʵʵ顢ʵؿԼģͨʵͽɫݣѧϰջ    
    һЩѧϰͼͼͼȣѶָйۺһĳָйûرƫɿǰϸйٽʹõĶйٷ磬ڽģ͵Ĺвͣ˵עһͼԺϰ֮ãͼĹвͣ˵ϰ1.2ṩԼйƫ    
    


һƫ

    ϰֻ֣ݿѧо߱ϰֻ֣ӳһ˴ԵķֹԼ90%˶ϰ֡ڴУζҪŶɣȻҲһЩ˶    
    ƫϰֵֻ⡣1981꣬ѧ޽ܡ˹ŵΪȷÿ˶ӵȫͬĴ԰򣬶ңһ˵ҴԸƵĹܡ˹ΪҪԵĹܡ⣬ƺزѧʱͽĴͰšһ˵ڷϢʱǰֳС֣Ժ߼ķʽϢ    
    ҴԿŲ̡ͬҴġӾʽϢӹˣҴԸϲۺϣǷͼΡ沿ʶԼ֪⣬ҴԵĹȻҴƫŲͬ˼ά̣ǣЩ˼άǷԻҴԣоɹв֤ʵĴϲԺʹԵķʽϢƫۺ͵ġϲԺԵķʽϢƫ߼͵ġϰ1.3԰жϣϲۺ˼ά߼˼ά    
    ˹оѧϰʲôϵأӴͳ󲿷ֽϢĴݺգԷϴ߼ķʽеġֵġϸıϢʺۺ˼άķʽӾġġռϢڴͳĽѧʹáԸַʽȡϢ߼ĺۺϵַʽʺڴԼӹϢĶйٺͶ淽ʽ    
    Ǹ߼ѧϰߣôԿͷġϸġϢѧϰЧѣݽĶʹٸҪΪܼо˼⣬ܹʱר־طһ⡣ϲġֵѧϰ磬ʽĸдʡʫȣϲȡʵϢС˵֪ϢȷϡʵӦáʵѧ֤ȣܹϸ֦ĩڽмƻͿƣʹܹɵ֯Ͱʱ䡢Դϲ͹ԵĿʽ磬ѡжϡߴȣ̫ϲԵĿʽ    
    Ǹۺѧϰߣϸѧϰ֮ǰȻһӾġĸŹۣʱѧϰЧѡ㲻ϲϸڷϲԡͼۺϡϲռĻĿγ̣缸ΡдѧͰ˼ά֮ͳʽѧϰĶ÷ʽѧϰͼͼ滭ɫݺ۹۲졪ЧѡϢԴʱİǿռԵģ߼ԵġͬʱеͬʱĿءϲԵ⣨ĺͼ̵Ļش𣩣Ϊһ˷Ӻ֤д˼άĻᡣ    
    ϰ1.3еĵ÷ƽȻӽܹκʽϢĵ÷һԸһߣҪϢתĴƫַʽĵ÷ΣԺ߼ԽٽѧϰΪԲͬķʽʹϢ    
    ĸߵȽȨ    
    ΪߵȽһͱʶԼĹȨеںκһµطĹȨȨаԵԺϰ׵⣬ԼԵԴաĴѧֲҪȥѧϰѧУͨԺ͹ƶȵָϡУΪѧṩУ԰ԴԱְԱַԼʽԮУͨСӺУ԰Դʽ·֪֪ͨѧУĿγҪɵ˽ⲢЩϢ˳ɹѧҵ    
    У԰Դ    
    ȻÿߵȽӵиԵУ԰У԰ΧǶһЩͨİ칫ҺͷţԱṩԮϢУ԰ûһҪЩṩĻᡣУΪһҪȻõġ֪ÿ칫ҵĵصãԼΣЩʩãԼȨ    
    һ˵ѧֲԸϸĽܺ˵ӶγУһֺԼֲγáѧλ涨ԼѧУڲѧϢݡ˾涨ɵѧϰ֮⣬ֲỹоصĸֹƶȡЩݣǳϤԱӦκβ¼ıרҵҵ


һѧ׼

    ѧλ֮ǰиߵѧУҪѧ趨һЩ׼Щ׼ӳѧϰɼѧ֡ƽֵ(GPA)ԼѧŶȡ    
    ͳĳɼ־ABCDFɼ־NCûѧ֣PWѧW-gradeóɼѧIδѧҵһͬɱ־ѧҵ׼ƽֵʱNCPWIȳɼڡW-gradeߣУ졣һЩѧУW-gradeƽֵ֮ڣһЩѧУԴˣҪ˽ѧУĹ涨֪ѧУľˡ    
    ƽֵûֵѧڼƻʱ֮ıʡֵͨķƣA֣B֣C֣D֣F֡Ϊſγ̵ѧʱͬͲָһAһBһC֮ƽһǣֵƽֵ㡣ͼ1.1ͨ˵ƽֵļ㷽    
    ѧۻƽֽΪ10߶ֵ2.0CʱУͨὫתԶڡһתԶڣۻƽ־ͱﵽ2.02.0ϣѧҵɻָУҪѧÿĩۻƽֶﵽ2.0Уͣѧ    
    ȻѧУִͣѧʱ죬ȴѭͬһ롣Ҳ˵ҪһʱԶڣȻܲſܱͣѧһͣѧʱͨΪһѧڣٲڣйͣѧľڶͣѧޱҪһѧꡣͣѧѧУĿǰڶѧУһͨҲڡμͣѧޣͬһꡣͣѧڼ䣬ѧҪʦõҵͬʱΪѧλγ̺ͿʱҪͣѧڼѧУѡ޵Ŀγ̣ԱڶУڣҲԲڡʵڱһѧУͣѧѧԣĴ󲿷ѧУġһͣѧ޵ڣͱ룬У    
    һƽֵ½Ҫߵĳ̶ȣѵʱҪࡣܹԼƽֵ㣬Ҫ೤ʱȡĿǰƽֵ㡢㽫ѧϰɼԼɵѧڿʱ磬45ѧʱƽֵΪ2.0Ҫҵ͵83ѧʱѧɵ15ѧʱ3.3ƽֵҵÿѧĩƽֵ㶼Ҫִﵽ4.0ͼ1.2һֵĹʽӵļ㷽һЩѧУظɾߣһſγ̣ȡԭȵĳɼһʽ޺÷ϰ1.4ṩйƽֵļϰ    
    еĿϣرڿϣʦϣʵɿƷºѧǰϣӿǰߡ˿֮⣬ΪĴѧʽΪΪָǰѱ˵ƷԹԼƷʦһΪΪΪʽǹԺ͹ԡǹҲżȻԣڱʼǲ׼ȷòȷдϲġһֹġԤıĵΪԶΪ˵Ʒ򷢱¡ԻŪһģѰѧķԼȡһЩѧԣΪʱƣΪԼòáȻǹԺ͹ԵĶȻһ    
    ױסʲôһЩ£ѧթǷָأȡԼĵʦ̬ȡԻǿף㶼õһF񣩡ȻĵʦǰġҵдԻΪʦΪԳ̶ȷǳأɰʽһѧڡѧУԱɵʽίԱᡣίԱᷢѧթΪʩгͷУ쿴ͣѧԼѧ    
    ȻίԱľԵġΪѧȨѧߡѧУֲûж߳ôѧҵָʦѧ칫ҡѧ汣СΪṩһ㣬Ҫṩ֤ݣƷίԱ顣    
    


һĿƽѧŵĳԱ

    ӢiberaĿƵģһiber˼ǡɡ޲ء÷ɵ¡˹ѧĿƽ֧ߣΪ񲻽ǽ̻ѧһ顣ȻһʵҵǽƺĽγĿƽѧŵĽʹ˼άΪԽšڵĴѧΪṩʽͷʽĻᣬӴѧţΪеһԱ    
    ѧְԱ򽻵    
    ĸָˣЩϾõƷʣʹһ˽ǣһЩȴʹǵ뿪ʹеˡѧְԱѧĸоҲˡÿѧڿʼʱְԱһȺµѧʼǴ򽻵ΪΣǶ̬ǻǷΪ˽ѧȡԼ    
    ñ    
    ´εӽѧ¥߹ʱƳһۡῴʲô沿̬أѧýζ޾ɣô֪ЩҪϿΣԸѧ    
    ϲЩĻȤ˵һʦҲϲЩĽȤѧϿΡҲע⵽һʵеʦڿ䡣ʵǣΪˣǽϤԼ򡣽ʦĹѧϢṩ֡ʱͬһʦڵŻĿγ̡ѧϰͬ˿ĵʦʡڴѧѧϰڼ䣬ʦܹΪṩרҵԼҪµְҵıͲοڼҵ֮ǰʦͬΪṩ鼰ҵϢʦİǷǳмֵģѧڱҵ֮뵼ʦųõϵʶѧṩİȻô룬ҲʮҪʾѧѡͰſγ̡ڹڴѧҪ߷棬ΪѧṩۺϢǵʡĿñֻӰ쵽뵼ʦ͹ʵδϵӰȰӰҲӰ졣    
    ıֱ񣬱ӮʦĺøСϿ׼ʱ࣬ڸʦõĵһӡ־ڣ˵ڷŬרѧϰҵĺûҲ˵ʦſγ̵ӳ̶ȣΪҵ㱾˵һ졣ˣʦҵӦݡʽ۵ȷ涼ߵ    
    ÿϿʱڽǰŵͬһλϣʦĿ̶ϡȻʦڼ¼ܻʶѰ㣬ֱǶڽҵǰţʦĿӴͬʱεȤ    
    ̬ﷴӳεȤʱڵʦԵøȤȻ沿Ͷ΢ЦͷüԼ̬˱ֱԵʦ˫Ȼܷӳϵ̬ȺѧϰԵķӦǷֽ̾Ϣ⿴ȣ˵Եʦݱʾɻ߲Ȥʦڿðҵȥ֮󣬵Ķʦʱ̬ΪҪԵѧϰ̵һ֣Ӧһѧϰʦﲢˣ̬Ӧ÷ӳܹ̹ȻЩʦ̹ȻдЩһ    
    ǰ˵ձһֻֿŸСйεľڴϿε£еšҪʣҲᵣԼڵʦͬѧԵá޴һ˵ԽεĳĴʣͬѧҲˡͨ£ͬѧڵű⡣˵Ȼ㡣ڿϣҪ¾Ŀ˵˵ֻƬԡʦظһ¸ղݣ߰һͬѧķٽһ¡ʦһ򵥵֮ӸӺѵ⡣    
    ʻʱ㲻ٸеѹʺͷԵӦѧϰأ̬ӦñϹϾ³⣬߳ķԣظո۹⣬ȵȣûʲôЩʦеɥˡ֮ǰȰԼһ£ڵʦʲôطסĸղݣڵʦ֪ʶϵ©Ͳ㡣õʦһ취˵ҪõϢ    
    μӿۣ֤ϿŨȤϿۣŻԼڿһҲ᲻ôӦڿǰκҵʦ̸


һ칫ҵĽְԱ򽻵

    ʶУĽְԱϢΪṩµҰչ֧硣ЩܹΪṩµؿǵĻᣬѧϰ;ҵ飬Ϊṩοңѧϰڼͱҵ֮Ƕָ㲻Ͻ    
    ѧĽְԱΪʲôҪʶأʶְԱкôһʶҲڽְԱ򽻵ĹУְԱܸʶǶӰ졣⣬лǵרҵ֪ʶ    
    ʶְԱİ취ʶκûʲôʱ΢ЦƺǡǴкȣѺõıʾϵ̸ǿʼĻ    
    ϰʱ䣬ʱԵ칫ȥݷĵʦʦԱԼᡣְԱų칫ʱ䣬ҪʹѧǼʱȡϵʦʱѧĻоԱҲʱ鹤ƻˣȻȻصǵİ칫Ǵк£Ҫעڿμ¿ʱڰ칫ͣ    
    칫ҰݷãҵɡԽԼѧУߺͼƻʱԵʦԼĳɼʱҪӳҵʱʱ㶼гȥʦʦʱṩеѡͷԵø磬дһƪģĶв⣬߾ָһڣʱ㽫Լҵһ˵ʶӦöԼĳɼǷӳʱ䣬Ҫɵʦˡ    
    ʦ̸ĳɼ⣬Ҹеܵ˲ƽԴĻȨߡȥѧϰʻԱĺܺɡʱѧϰʻԱڳɼߵѧУ涨߻Ƽһ˸ܡȻѧṩǽְԱ岻ݴǵΣһЩѧϲǱһ롣ܻȥʶǣȻȤ    
    ΪѧΪԼλ    
    ǵѧУ԰ѧԸָıеĸոѧҵеѾѧһʱ䡪ѧҵѧרҵѧѧ䡢Ա塢ᱳͼͥ״ȸͬһѧѧԼвмѧڴѧУ԰ҵԼ֮ԲͬҵĹѧԼԸݵѧͬһѧУ档ѧԼԴеѧͬһ棬ͬ˼۵㡣еĴѧڴѧһѰҸԵλáʵŹһ硣ϰ1.5лĶĹڴѧԵĲϣʶѧУ԰ĻĶԡ    
    ͳѧ    
    ͳѧָضѧһָѧҵ֮󲻾ñϴѧѧȻʵ֮⣬Ĵͳѧûжٹ֮ͬǰϵѧУǹѧУҲ˽ѧУǹģϴѧУҲǹģСѧУѧУҲǳѧУڼͥܵĽһЩѧһЩѧǣһЩѧμ˴ѧԤƣΪѧ˳׼һЩѧõͨˮƽֹ֤ͣѧҵͷžҪϴѧǻڻɣԼǷߴ˵ط    
    еѧУ԰ｻ㣬еȻһеѧκ鶼룬еϿΣ²档еѧţеŵҪеѧѻ飬еΪ˸ĸеѧѧϰƻȷеãȻ֪еѧĿȷеȱš    
    ʵϣÿѧͬÿѧҪŬӦѧڴѧУ԰ǷܹҵԼλãȡЩˡЩͬѧЩѧʺ㡣


һȺ

    塢廮֡ڽ̡ԱȺȺ壬˵Ĳ죬ǸоԼ˼ҴʵʵڵġԻĻϵĲ졣    
    ȺһԱĴѧΣܻоƫĴڡϰڶȺַ̬ȡҲ·е¶įʱֻ˵Ե÷ǳҪѧȺ壨磬ŮʦЭᣬʷЭᣬϻᣩṩԼڵȺ֮ڵĽʻᡣ    
    ѧУȺЭᣨ磬С飬С飬ѧϰС飬סլС飬רҵ֯ҲУ԰ţ˽ĻԼµ֧硣ЩУʱаҵμӹ֮󣬶ҲаΪҲǶռͳελ    
    ѧ磬Ҳӵѧ֮ǰ㻳ż飬һУ԰¶֮бȻ⣬ѧʦܹߡҲܹ͡ʱУ԰Ľ罫ܰæʦУѡϵԱԱȽ̣ҲЩ⡣⣬ӦѰѧɵõѧ֧֣ͼݷѧϰƻͰšѯԱʦУ԰ҵȵȡЩܹʹ͸˽ѧϰʹӦУ԰    
    ߶    
    Ҫ˳ѧУס֮䣬ܲԼһǴͳѧǣѧУĴ󲿷ѧסУԼˡҪ˳Ͽεʱ䡣ߣʱϵĳͻʹʧȥһЩرĿγ̡ѧϰۡоᣬԼһЩѧϰЩ𵽷ḻѧáΪһ߶ᾭҪĲϱ˼˹λ˳˵ĽУ԰ҵԼλá    
    ôô죿Ҫʱ⣬ҪЧʱ䰲šһ˵ڴѧУ԰ÿһӣӦõáеһڲμѧϰʱͼΪм⣬統ͼݡʼ¼γ̵ʽԴҲΪṩ˺ѡԲԼѧУʧȥĶ㻹԰ѻ·ϵʱ¼Ŵм䣬ĺϻó߽ϢΪ˱ҪĲ»ŴҪ¾磬ǰҪһжڱİΪڶóֵ׼    
    ʶУԱϵͨĶУǰκ̸ͬѧʦ绰ʼַЩԼĹ¶к͸С    
    


һͣУ԰

    ӢΪڶԵѧ    
    ΪӢΪڶԵڶѧеһԱĴǶصġ㲻ѧϰһµĿγ̣ңͬʱҲѧϰһµԺһµĻ    
    һЩѧϰܰѧĿγ̡ȣǰԤϰģϤݣֹĲڶɹͬѧ롣ʼǺͳɹʦѧ棬ܹΪṩܺõİһѧһѧϰϰӢѧϰ֪ʶѧУصķԡࡢ١ٵԽ࣬ԵͻܿߡģμѧУκһرࡢרѧۻ֯顣ѧϰܣʶѡ壬ܣһͥϵѧУĹʰ칫һ򵱵صĽÿͥϢЩͥỶӭ㵽Ǽȥһͨý壨ӡֽӰ־鼮ͨι۸ֵط磬ݡ԰̵꣬ȵȣ˽ĻĻ˽⣬Լ˽ԼĻĹףУ԰š    
    Уѧ    
    ΪһУѧܹߵȽ;ѧַظУоԼѧУĲɷָһ֣ԶҲҲԼλáߵȽ˱仯ԼҲ˱仯ԵµףͬĿγ̣仯˵ݣԼı仯ԼҲͬԴѧʱţˣľҲḻˡ    
    δѧҵУɹĹؼͨǰѧԭЩԭǾ÷ģҲǸ˷ġҲ㵱ѧżʱûýܴѧ׼ҲȱѧҵɹҪѧϰĿѧϰδȡĳɼҵѧԭǳؼΪʹǰĴ󣬱صޡ    
    ǴǰһԭĻӦø֪ѧУѧϰĳɱڡѵʱŬ㻹ЩҾԮŵĹԱ̸ǿ԰ѧʹΪѧ빤Ļᣬʱ˽һЩУľҵϢڶѧУֲᣬ˽뽱ѧȷ涨ѧλγ̡ѧϰ׼ֻЩ֮󣬲ܳΪѧĺѡˡ㱾˿ܾǷĺѡˡѰһЩİ취Լ֧׬ȡǮĳʦԱҪһֻ˾ΪԼĺӻĸṩ񣻻ĳְԱԼݼҪһľտķݡṩķ񣬱ɵõнˮߵõޡ    
    ǰѧĸָϼ˺ͬѧ֮侺ѹۺԭҪ⡪ͷڱ˵ͷǷõδӦó׼ԱٴγʱӦԡΪˣҪԼ񣬻ͬ˽д̡ҲҪרҵѯѰ͹۽飬԰⡣    
    ѧԭΪΣڶУѧԣѳɼһѧУתһѧУǸ⡣ܾĳɼ¼ת㵱ǰͶѧУѧע칫ң󲿷ֵⶼɱ⡣ҪѳɼתԼڵѧУʱӦҪͬʱټһݡʱѧУæڴ룬ĳɼѧעʱδܼʱҵʱеĳɼ¼ʽЧҲĵʦһͬѧϰƻͰš    
    ЩУѧѧϰ̬ȸ桢ᶨһЩƺصޡԼѧϰĳ׼ѧɣͱʱʱ־衣عһԼǰĿγݺѹһԼ֧ʱ䡣ʱ׼У԰ṩѧϰרѧۻ͸γ̵ȣӦüԳáڴѧŵҵԼλãǸ𽥵Ḷ́ʱѧϰǷǳҪġ    
    


һַУĳѧ

    ǰδϹѧôܹΪһУĳѧʵúáȻǸˣҲ֮ҪصѧȥСѧȣΪһƫĳѧһЩơѧҵɹԼĿ꣬ǸĸʦͬѧĿꡣ㷺Ϊѧϰµ֪ʶṩһܺõıѧȣѧϰ    
    Ϊһƫĳѧܵѧϰѹѧѹͬ޴뾡ѧϰ͸˰õȷȡƽ⣬һĹѡ˲ȫ֧ѧϰĿ꣬ѹͱø    
    ʱҲǸ⡣һ˲ܸɾذѸִҪΣѧѧϰΪϢĸ˻ѰǱĽ˹ϵ磬һЩͥñ    
    ڵѧУܻṩСԮѯȷĿҪ⣬󲿷ָУּѧѧϰӦ似ܵĽγ̡ҪǣβҵЩγ̺ͷ񡪡ͨѧУֲᣬͨʦͨԱڵһѧڣ㻹ῼǼԼĿγ̸ܹӦѧҪ󣬲ص    
    μӿУ԰֯ҲӦߵȽͨЩ֯Ȥʶѡ˽ĹУҵֵרҵ;ͬʱͬѧĹϵҲøСĻΪõѧṩ˶;    
    мѧ    
    вм֪ûеġ붼ûսԣԵѧϰϵĲмʱԣ¹ʡ𣩲мɶΪѧȨҪУΪṩʵΪѧҵϵĳɹҪЩ񣬾Ҫ֤ԼõЩ񡪡ⶼԼҪҵЩţУע칫ȡϵ칫ҵĹԱӦ˽ѧУṩķԼṩĹص㡣⣬ѧУֲԴ˿ҲϸĽܡ    
    ѧѧ칫ңԼڵϵ칫ңӦҲܹΪṩϢͰȤУ԰֯γ̡Щű֤֯Ļṩʵֲѧ罻רҵܷٳΪУ԰ŵһӡ    
    Զѧϰ    
    ĴѧҲܵʱռơԶѧϰͻʹκκεطԳΪһѧ㲻£Ҳɸſγ̣õѧλôһǰδĴѧУ԰Ӧأ    
    ԽԽĴѧԼϢͷ뵽ϡΪһԶѧϰߣ֮һҵЩͨѧУַԸԳϣῴѧУϵĽܣͨῴЩŵĹԱƬֺϵ䡣󲿷ֻʼַ͵绰룬ԱְԱϵ    
    ϵʱͨʼ绰ϵʦȡϵҽܡȻԷϵԭ򣬲ѯǷҪ֪Ϣ񡣿ϻУѧ֪ϢϢͨУУ֪ͨȵȡ    
    Զѧϰ໹ṩϢʼ嵥ĳ򣬻֯СۡҲṩʦͰͬѧӴͽĻᡣȻ㱾˲У԰ͨЩ⽻ʣȻԳΪԼУ԰ŵһӡ    
    


һֻμУ԰

    УĿ֮һסѧ˵ڵѧУϣһֱѧУ飬ֱѧλѧϰĿꡣʲôѧѧУأ    
    ѧǷԸעУγáѧ١ְԱȣŷǳҪáȻõĻǷУ԰šԼѧУһɲ֣֮ЩֻϿεѧѧУȥĿԾҪöࡣ⣬йԱ͹Щȫ淢չȤ㷺ѧȤѧɣܹŴֻıҵܵˣμУ԰˵ĺôѧУȥĿԣҵľҵᡣ    
    ôӦòμʲô֯أȡҪȤֵۺͿ֧ʱ䡣һ˵ѡĸ֯ҪҪӦòУ԰    
    ཻͬ    
    Ǽעһ༶༶ҪһС顣С齻ЧΣȡΪҲȡڰͬѧǵΪǽΡʼǣ¿α뿪У԰ʣΪϵһӣЩȡ㡣    
    ͬѧµĵһӡҪΪ㽫ǽĻǹעĵһ飬ΣӦò̫ҪʵϻǺҪġڽĽ棬Ȼʲô·㶼ԴЩ·ȴͱ֮γϰڰŹֵţηԶȫǣ·ӦӳĸԺͷͬʱֲעĿ    
    Ͽεĵһ˸겻һѧУĵһ죬տʼĵһһ˽ָеŤǻύѵĵһɶЧһѧڵκʱ㶼ԽʶѡҪģֻһ΢Цһá    
    ڶǸͬѧΪ̸ʣǷҲϵĵһڿΣǶԺη߶Щʲôγ̡˽ʶ֮⣬ʶЩΧͬѧ֮绰ʼַͬǳҪһȱΣȡϵҵ߽ıʼǡ    
    ͬѧʲô̬ȣǶҲʲô̬ȡͨԿͬѧϲΪ顣ʱҪ˼ԼϴЩĵطѧԣҲˡڽύʱ˴򽻵ǷǳҪһٵڿϽͷӶʹΧͬѧġੲݵؽ˵飬ÿ˶Դ˶롣ʱûûˣ߾һЩ޹ؽҪ⣬ͻʹ뷢Ե˸еᷳ˷ʱʾԻ䳰ȷÿ˶Զ㡣⣬̬Ҳ˵̬ﴫϢܻеԾˣķø첲ķʽȣ͸¶䵭򷴶ԡ    
    


һѧϰС

    ѧϰСϵɡСԱ֮ĽӴӽͽʹǶ仯ΪѧϰСһԱͬѧۿγݣӶǲӰ졣ѧϰСҪõĽɡͬĿġȷĿԼﵽЩĿļɡȡĽʽǽһͼ潻Ҳͨ֯СۡҡֱϢʼ嵥ĳ򡣽άѧϰСָ룬ڱСѧϰԽܡ    
    ѧϰСгЧ𣿻شǿ϶ġѧϰСṩѵѧϰᡣ֮ЩѧϰˣμѧϰСˣ1988ԿγøãԵ÷Ҳߡڹѧ1990;1992֮κһѧϰ˵ѧϰСѧϰЧѡңμѧϰСԽ࣬ڿ϶Ըˮƽ۵ĲԽ࣬ҲԽСڵѧϰʹ˺ıԣЩطѧġ    
    ѧϰȣСѧϰʲôأСѧϰڼעΪ㴴࿴˵ĻᣬʹտγݡСѧϰʹǶȵؿһſγ̡ĳСԱǵĹ۵㡢֪ѧϰʽһ㲻ӵԼĹ۵㣬һȡ˵Ĺ۵㡣    
    Сѧϰ֪ϵĺôҲϵĺôСԱĳŵܹǿѧϰʶϰڴԼѧϰƻǣһ֪˶ڴѧϰϵ׼⣬СѧϰΪṩ֧֡ϤҲѣĽ飬˽⵽˳ɹһܸ衣ڽܸߵȽѧԣѧϰϡϡϡʱ䰲ѣѧϰСĳԱΪ֮ṩ֧ϵͳ    
    У԰    
    Ȼѧıǳ΢У԰ȴѧ˽У԰һѷͬʱҲܴôȣУ԰֪ѧѧϰԣЩ㾭ڿʱ乤ʱĹʱ䣬ƻԵҪУ԰ΪṩһרҵѧϰĻᣬλʵ֡칫ԱԱȵȡԼУ԰ȤҲΪṩԼרҵصľ飬һµȤУ԰Ϊ㴴ʶְԱѧĻᡣ    
    ⰮС    
    Сİù㷺ѧϰã磬ЭᣬѧֲѧϳӣЭᣬ̶ӵȣְãͶֲֲ̾У˶ƻС˵ЭᣬûСȣͬⰮС鷴ӳͬ򣨱磬ѧ͵԰򣨱磬ͬ˺ŮͬˣԱ磬ѧЭᣩڽ磬ѧ̻֮磩СʽģҲǷʽġЩⰮСʢΪҪԱѧҵáİС飬ʹлʶЩ־ͬϵˣʹµȤ


һַ֯

    ͨ֯ΪԼѧУŵĹͬ湤磬ѧЭ֯ȫѧΩѧĻ룬Щ֯ܳɹμУ԰ֽѧУı༭ͱ׫ź۾顣ȤС鶼з֯ΪԱṩ顢֧֡ЩȤСҲҪĲ롣һЩ֯ṩഫͳʽķ񣨱磬顱ƻдʦʳѪ֧֣ȺҪ־Ըߡ    
    Ϊѧ͹æµˣΪʲôҪЩʱڷأȣһЩΪͳǿһ˵ĹθСڶΪίԱṤɾĿ棬ʹ˻۱ľ顣ľΪ㵣쵼ְλ»һ쵼ԳַԼļܡģͨҪ۲֧ԼʱķԳΪһ֯һԱһԼ    
    ֯    
    һЩСɣϸϵԭġУ԰֯һЩСУ԰˵ĽϣɵС鶼ԼԣƾõĴͳЩѧĳ֯ΪԼĸĸ游ĸֵܽѾ֯һЩСڵԱͨͱùӶܡȻϣͨԾۻ֯Ȼصѧ׼ŷ    
    һСҪڱϾԣûҪϣ֯С鶼ѧĻᡣȣѧԼУС顣ѧУ֮ѧСΪ֯ͷҪĿڿչƽ쵼ǿǣԼȤϾʱѧֵĿγ̣ҲΪ㴴ʶ˵ĻᡣȻֱӵĿ׷Ȥڼȥܸܲ꣬õѧУ    
    


һֹʱ䡤

    ιԼʱ䣿Ƿ񾭳ҪŬάǷ񾭳еʱĽȣʱ仨˸ָĿ棬ǻΪļĿ棿ʱ֧ȴ棬˭˻ʲôҪӰ죿Ϊ˽ʱ⣬Ҫħߣγ̱豸ļƻְ࣬ԣɣʱ֧䷽棬˳ȻǰҹѧϰǷܾԼģҽʱ䴦ò̫ãһøãʱרʷġάάī1994˵Щķ̫ЧڿơЧʡ˵ŬͰ˳еʱ䡣ΪʱѰȹԼһϵͳ෴ʱȾԼһ׷󣬱ھ֧ʱ䡣ѧԵʱΣڱжõۡ磬ʵĿ꣬ʱ䣬ӣȡƽ⣬Լʱ䣬Щͨѧϰ񣨰ԡƫ͸йƫʵ֡    
    ʵĿ    
    Ŀ꣬Ӧܹӳ㿴еʲôѧҵύѡԡͥѰҹκ顣µľ˼ϰȷԼĿꡣһϵеĿ꣬ĸ˷ܶ·ͼͼֱͨδĿΪҪʲô֧Լʱ佫ʵԼĿ߲꣬ʵԼĿꡣʵԼĿȡʶѧϰġ־ģԼԵҪﵽԼĿ꣬ȡԼĿ廯֮Ϊʵ    
    ԼĿ廯    
    ˵˯ʹ˽СִոֵĻ뽡СִĿδʧڿͳҪǵǣ뽡ʲô̶ȣ볤꣬ھǽǿ븻еʲô̶ȣáһ㡱Ϊ̣ȶǴĵĲƸԱȸߣõʲôǻۣﵽѧˮƽѧһͬרҵøĳʶ⣬ҪﵽЩĿ꣬Ҫʲôжϱڼ֮ǰ˯Ҫڼ𴲣ʵԼȶĿĹؼȷеؾԼҪʲôԼԼԸʲô2.1һЩʾǽƶԼĿꡣһĿ걻ȷһǽ֮Ϊʵ    
    ھȷĿʾ    
    Ҫ    
    飺ʲôľ飿˭˻ʲôΪľ飬ҪЩʲô    
    ֪ʶ֪ʲôҽȥѧ˭ܰңҪ֪ʶĿγ̡ѧλ    
    ѧϰ棬ʲôѡ񣿣ѧλѧѧϰʦָ鼮ڿоѧֿγ̡飬ȡ    
    רżܻʲôרżܻΪʲôĿģλãʲôط    
    ã    
    רżܡӰͨĸͻã    
     __________ 磬ҵܡ˾ܲãҵϲȡʲôܳɹ    
    գҪǮУ    
     __________ ꣨60꣩ݲȡ __________ ݷѣβܻ㹻Ǯ㣿    
    ӵиʱ䣺βȡʱ䣿    
    õͬ˵𾴣ͨʲôΪ    
    ӻزУ԰֯μĸļ֯ʲôʱͨʲôʽ    
    ذ˭˻ʲôõ    
    һ˷ܻܹԼŸɵĹҪʲôļܡѵ׼ͱ仯    
    ΣеΣʲôΣ֤ܵЩΣ    
    ҪʲôɣΪʲô    
    Ȩ˭ʲôӰ죿˭ʲô飿ҵõȨͬʱ    
    ҪеʲôΣ    
    ˣΪṩʱԴ٣ԼʱԴ˭    
    ˣ    
    


һְԼĿΪʵ

    ϶ԼĿ֮βܸʵ֣ĿʵҪȡ衣    
    ȣƶһƻĿӦʵӦȷԼҪʲôĿ겻Ϊṩһοʱ㡣֮ģĿ꣨ܵʵĿ꣨磬3.0ƽֵӴѧҵʵ֣ΪҪõĶǳȷ塣һȷʱ֮гһաĳĿ꣬ƶһޣʵּȶĿꡣ    
    ڶҪԼĿֳɳĿͶĿꡣĿ겻һҹ֮ɣҪһһɡΪĿ꣬ӦþҪʲô㹹жĵһ磬Ŀ֮һԼ⡣ôĿĵһ裬Ͱѧϰáơȿγ̣ԱΪҵ»ʵϰ̵л۾飬ύһЩڴҵ֮ΪıߡΪṩûԮѣѧλĿĲ裬С񣬰ĿͶĿꡣĿͨһѧڣ磬ϵβõ񣬰ʱɸҵѧ̣磬ƽɼBҵѧλĿͨһһܣ磬дһƪӢĻĶʦָ£ͨĿ꣬ʵֳĿꡣ    
    ĿӦܹüǷĵһԸ־Щ˰Լľĺͼƻд֮߸ʹٶԼĿͼƻģֻһˡΪʵԼļƻĿ꣬Ӧ㾭Կĵط磬ĸʾϣϣڿγ̱ϣľϣ    
    ģҪע𺦵ĸʽЩζԳɹЩӳɹĻᡣ㾭ѡ磬ѡԼһѧϰǷŸӰ죿ѧϰĵطǷ۾ǷѧϰЧʲߣΪͷҲҪĶҪĲ϶һӦȫѧϰ֮ʱǷŵӻԱ˽ӽĿǹصӻԵӽĿȤ԰ΣΪûʲôóԵģԶۻﹺӪʳƷǿȫǰӪḻĿͣѧϰ֮ʱѷſţջϡšŽرգԼʧǷصޣǷ񿴵Լĳɹѡ񣬽ĳɰžԵá    
    壬ԼĴѧϰ磬һʱҪԼĴһԱ´οԵȡøõĳɼڹ涨ʱδһҪҳеԭԱ㽫ܰ񡣵ʦĹķʱҪĶʦԱõظĽ    
    Ȼ˿԰㣬ҪʵԼĿ꣬ȴˡҲĿ´οԵøB֯һѧϰС飬СԱֵܼףΪǺһֱûʱ档ߣԼһʱʦ棬м¶ȡԼᡣȻļƻգⲢζ㲻ʵԼĿꡣѰһַҪġ    
    ߣҪʵһǣڸʱ֮ڣʲôͬʱ㻹ҪʶԸıԼ⡣ҲһȫְѧͬʱֳеŹͥ罻Ρ㱾ѧڵѧϰΪÿ15ѧʱһſγ̵ѶȱҪѵö࣬ϰҪӰӵ㣻ʱĿǻѧλô˳ضȹѧڣ㳯ԼĿһƣءԲ̫õƽֵѧںأǷѶȽϴĿγΪã    
    һҵʱ䡣22ѧҵ65ݣĹʱ43ꡣƳһҵ㻹40ҵĹʱ䡣45ҵ20Ĺʱ䡣ҵʱһЩȻͬĹʱ䣬ܹʱعΪʲôأΪѹ΢Сһ㣬ĹЧʾ͸ߣҲǶһѧڻǸѧڵĿγ̲ʵֻѧλĿ꣬ʱԵòôҪˡڶֽɫǰ󲿷ѧѹˡʵϣһ˲ڰôɫͬʱܰݵ˳ɫĳǶȶԣҪԼĿ꣬ҪԼҪ򡣱ϾĿȡƽ⡪ʧȥƽ⡣    
    ڰˣҪ֪ԼĶڡǻģ磬õĳɼҲģ磬ϲĳɼΪⲿ磬ͬµѹͷͣǮάȣڲ磬㣬־壬ɾ֣ͣоһ˵ⲿȣڲ󣬸׵ɹΪڲĸԸ    
    һﵽԼĿ꣬Ҫ׷ȤͳɹĿ֡ѧΪһﵽĳȶĿ꣬ɹˣҲһˡ磬룺ѧһҾ͸ˡߣϣԼҵԱӴȻĿ׷󣬱㹹ߣǺ͸Լũ˵ģǵæƶƻʱϵ顣ÿһĿʵ֣һĿ֡ĿԶûûˡԣڳһĿŬĹУӦͬʱ    
    ׿ˡܸ͹ʯֶӳ޷õ㡣Щ˾ǴӲԼĳɾ͡Ǳҵʱƽֵ3.5ϣԼܴﵽ3.8ߣѧϰĳּǴӲΪԼյﵽһĿꡪĿжСӦһֳɾ͡ӦףԼȡõĳɾͣܰĿⶢδɵ档    
    


һԼĿ

    ˵һϻʵʤ۱硣֮ʵжĿͷ塣ѶԼĿ꣬㲻֪Ŀܷʵֻ֡ж̸ܰʵ    
    ᡤ׶ķ˹أ1994ͰŰл1994飬ĴʱԲȡĲԣΪĵһֻơȡжʱû֤ԼǷľĳ֮ǰٶһҹȱʱԼٶԼǸʮˡԿԸеԹ򶨡ΪԼĿʲôأлΪķΪȡ˼άʽڴϢֱ    
    ʱΪʵĿһ    
    ĳڴѧȹʱ䣬һкܶصһʱ䡣Ϊʲôô˵أΪΪѧʲôԼ֧Լʱ䣬ЩԼϴѧ֮ǰ˸㣺ӦʲôԼӦʲôʱЩ˰ĸĸݣʦѧУԱϰͻѡĳ˵ѧҵ֮żݣĺӣϰ壬ĿͻȵȣǽʲôԼʲôʱȥڣڴѧ̶̵굱УȫԼʲôʱʲôʲô磬ѧʦһ㶼ǿڣȥΣȻҲԲȥΡͬʱҵʲôʱɣҲû˸߶԰ʱɣȻҲԲÿϼѧϰȻҲԳȥǲ    
    ǣÿһӰ졣ѡӿΣĿγ̱ܵӰ죻㲻ʱҵĳɼܵӰ죻㲻ϰѧϰܵӰ졣һƽֵܵӰ죬ߣԲУ飬һЩĿ޷ʵ֡    
    ֧Լѧڼʱ䣿ÿľӰ쵽Ŀʵ֣ʮ͵ˡˣдһ飺ڹѧԺѧĶ˵ͨڶİţֽͨд飬ҸеѾʵĿĵһȻҲͨȷÿܼƻѧڿγ̱ԼÿռƻÿܼƻԼɵгӶʵĿĵһֻҪ֤Լѧϰʱ䣬ĵһ    
    ʹѧڿγ̱    
    ̽ȣѧĿγ̼ƻԼصһ档ѧѧΪͨӰˡµ塢¡ļǸѧڣÿڿεĿʱʵӳϿεʵ١һѧͨΪѧļΪĸ֣Щѧڡͨƶѧڿγ̱ԶԳĿһۺϿǣÿѧšƶڵÿܼƻÿռƻһƶļƻɵشﵽȶĿ꣬ǴڱӶѹ    
    һѧڿγ̱ҪһѧУļֲᣬѡ޵ÿſγ̵ĽѧٻҪԼĿбοѧУֲеУȼ¼ڡкտԵʱ䣬ԼУϸӡȡıγ̵ľڡϸһÿſγ̵ĴٻҪϼ¾ҵԡڡгڼƻ磬ȽҪģҪԼУƶɸм价ڵޣƻĲͬ׶Σ磬ɵ飬дһ壬޸Ķ壬󶨸壩Уϣ㻹ӦÿǵһЩأأ磬Ѿۻᡢֻᡢأ磬̵ʱ䣩Լͥأ磬žۡؼ̽ף    
    ڣһгԼĿ嵥ȷѧĿģԱﵽЩĿꡣһУгﵽЩĿڡҪѱѧУϵֽҳ˺һ۵ĵطԱһۿѧڵµҵ񲻶ϲҪ¡ҪοԼѧڿγ̱ƶÿܵĿꡣϰ2.1Ϊṩһѧڿγ̱ĻᣬӶڵǰѧڵѧϰ    
    ѧڿγ̱ӦѧϰϵѹѧϳֵʱȻԵãƺûκʱеͻȻһ֣뾡ɡ磬ĳûоҪɵʱһ¡ͻȻ֣֮ᷢشѧԡҪѧġӵļ̣Щ鶼Ҫ¸ڽлɡˣѧڿγ̱ԸհԶʱ主ԣһܣΪæµ׼


һÿܼƻÿռƻ

    ԣƻΪﵽְսܵĿĶõĲԡһЩԿһһʼյãһЩֻһ졣Լӵĳϱ֣ԼԷӲȡĴʩԭĲԿʵһЩԣ۷ʲôȴԶԲӦ䡣    
    ܼƻ˱ƻѳĿתɸײĶĿꡣܼƻÿܼƻÿռƻеЩƻһʹõʱ䣬ԱĳĿĿꡣ    
    ܼƻٹ̶񣬲ʱµܼƻΪҪ񣬲дÿռƻеϡͨоٹ̶ıɵƶһÿܼƻ̶ıɵ񣬰ϿΡԷ˯ߡ;ʱ䣬ȵȡЩ밲ųʱ䡣磬ÿճʱ֮ͬ·Ͻ֮ͨͬ·֮ͬÿ;õʱҲͬڽͨ߷ڴӼﵽѧУѵʱ䣬ѧУؼѵʱ䣬϶вͬΣϿ֮ǰӦóʱ䣬ϰһԼĿñʼǣԤϰҪݡÿ¿֮㻹Ҫʱ޲һԼıʼǡҪѰҴĿϾʱ䡣ȻٿһԼѧڿγ̱ԱѰЧķ磬㱾ѧƪҪдӦѲͼϵĹһУ򷴸Ҷ˷ʱ䡣һЩܹϲ;ϲҳĴʱ䡣һҪ޵֮ǰеӦ¹ʶɵں͵顣    
    ĥĥ֮ʱʱߡ    
    أ۶ʮѧң    
    ֪ԼһҪʱ䣿ͨʵڿʼϿ֮ǰܣ֪ͬ飬ֱҪʱ䡣磬һ֪ԼһСʱ֮ڣܶҳ飬ܽ⣬ܶ·ԾΪÿʱ䡣    
    ҪѧϰʱˡǣһСʱҪСʱĿԤϰǣſγ̵ѶȲһոſγ̵̶Ҳһԣ򲢷һɲ䡣ȫְ˻мͥ۵˶ԣôʱѧϰǷǳѵġ£ҪĲҪعȡеʱȣһŻĿγ̡Ҫʱ䣬ڸֻϰ2.2ɲͬѧϰҪʱ䡣    
    һռƻ֮ʱһҪʲôǾԱɵġΪﵽһĿģƶԼܼƻ֮ÿռƻееܼƻתƹĵ񣬰ǰһδɵ񣬻ӦɵһЩ    
    ÿռƻ˶졣Щƶʱƻʱ޶һʱΣһЩȻҲƻֻ۲úַַ߰ǿԵġѼƻеλδеϵ֮ǰҪκ顣Ωܱ֤Ӧɵ񣬶ȤĻеĹΪⶩƻЧʣеһ취ǣдӲճǽϣԱʱע⡣    
    һʮа˾㲻ÿռƻеϵ񡣲ûϵֻҪ㰴Ҫ˳һ쵱ΪҪڽѧϰ֮ʱҪһµļƻеڶļƻеһڶһͶмƻѧϰС    
    Ӧüסƶ˼ƻĿģΪ˰õعԼ޶ûбҪÿÿһӶƻȻͼΪ˸Чʱ䡣ʵϣƶƻʱӦȡǵ̬ȡͻ¼Ӧ¼ʱзˣڼƻͰӦñһԣԱʱƶÿܼƻÿռƻ棬ϰ2.3ΪṩһЩʵĻᡣ


һֱ֤ѧϰʱ

        
    ѧϰʱҪָѧϰЧͼõһʱ䡣ʱ便һ쵱еʲôʱȴ˶졣ͨ۲ʲôʱɵ࣬ʲôʱѧϰЧߣʲôʱео֪Լѧϰʱ䡣    
    ֻҪܣӦðԼѧϰʱѵĻҪĿγ档ȶԸѵĻȵѧϰȣζҪԼʢʱͶ뵽ԼѧϰȥѧϰʱţӦһ£ԼʲôʱľΪɢѧϰЧͣô԰ʱڴճ֣ѧϰ    
    ѧϰʱвأڲš㷢ԼڿҪ⣬ӦðдĿγ̱档һͰŵһߣֱԼʱǡֻ֪ѧϰ֮ɵӦȵ⡣㲻õԼҪ顣㷢ԼΣҪŬʹԼ˼صͷ    
    ⲿҲӰ쵽ѧϰʱ䡣磬еϵĲʡе̫ȡ̫䡢̫̫̫ۡἯоȥԼϵ⣬Ĺ˼ѧϰ֮¡磬ֻе㲻Ǽꤵһٷʱ򣬻ֻе㲻ǴϵĻָڵʱŻרѧϰƣ֮ʱѧϰķѵʱΪ޷оʱҪС˯Ƭ̣һԼ߸ıԼ˯ϰߡ    
    ѧϰӦð˴ţڵ¶ӦñˡҪʵӻϵ·ԱʡѧϰĻӦѧϰڷɡ֡ҡ磬ΪѧĻԼǸѧϰĺõطȻĿҪסѧݣۿӵĻԼļЧеʧֺҲģΪ˼ԶԼѧϰֺһܵѹҡϵĶӦýѧϰ衣    
    ֺ͵绰߳СǦʵʹģӶ޷оԣ԰ѵ绰߰εŹϡ㻹һšϡҲһѧϰĵطͼݻƧĵط    
    ΪѧѧϰһΪôѧϰĹѡӦ̶ܹȵؾ۾Ȼ㲻ȫųѧϰ̵еĸָأԼЩء    
    Ӻ͵    
    ԼҪﵽĿ֮Ͷѧڿγ̱ƶÿܼƻھͿԲȡжˡͿ˾ԣжɣôʲôӣʲô鶼ƣأʵϣÿˡһʱһʱӣֻ֪ʹø㣿ôΪʲôҪأ    
    ÿܻ    
        
        
    145ŷ    
    ڶ5:30    
    6:00    
    6:30    
    7:00    
    ٴڣʱδ    
    ΪʲôҪĽ罫أĴѾˡ    
    ˹ģ۶ʮ͡ʷŬȡϵߣ    
    ѧҲӣԭǶֶġӵһǣɵġһ˵㹻ĸɾػԶ󱧸һܴѧĻ˷㲻⡣ô⵽׳أ    
    ܾԼܹΪһʲôˡڶӰĸصУûʲôȡԼ˵Ļǿġ    
    


һ

    Լ˵ĻӰ쵽ģʲôͲʲô㽫ʲôͽʲôʱΪӣѰȤĲ֣ëߣǴĲ֣ˣϷԺ߼Ĳ֣2.2Ϊÿ;ṩ۵ķ    
    ͯռλʱӦñⵥġѵͯĵ֮£ԶҲῼδҲȡȥĽѵӵıԣѰȤϵõӵҪ־ȱгЧĻ    
    㴵ëʱ㻳ԼͼȶĿ꣬ҲɡʱͿʼսԵΪһëߣȫĵŹȥĴԼܷĴһıΪһС㲻Ͷ뵽ѧϰУǳڶѧϰĵ֮СˣëõıռʱһɺΧ㣬ʹ಻    
    ˵Ľɫֽ⡣һһѧϰһ룺ҵѧϰʲôݣѵѧϰʲôҵѧϰȷҸεԼѧϰԣΪ˵ıԣΪӵıԺΪëߵԡΪˣȻʱûʲôȤԣһЩǱҪɡڿʼɼѵĴͷʱڲ磬ܿԼҽеǳԺҳһЩⲿ磬Ұ꣬ҪúϢһ¡ڵԸʱĵĳԱӦǵģǺѣȡùɹⷽȱ飬Ƶľʽûкܺõıҿѧϰ    
    ڵĵˣڶ㷢磬Ϊëߣ˵ҿɲƾʲôΪҿأΪˣش𣺡ȻѧһЩµļɣҾͻõµĽԣáʱΪëߣķҲǰûԺҲԶҾǲǷռϷ磬Լöˡ    
    Ϊӵ    
    Ҳ֪Ŀʲô塣    
    Ϊ˴ﵽĿ꣬ұһЩƵ顣    
    ̫ˣ´ﲻҪ׷Ŀˡ    
    ԺҲſˣΪڽĿ̫ˡ    
    ϣʲô顣    
    Ϊëߵ    
    ˵̫ѣ̫ˡ    
    飬Ҳ֪֡    
    Ҽûһ˳ɹΪʲôΪҾأ    
    κ˶㡣ôˣ    
    Ҳɹġ    
    ԶҲá    
    ϴ̫ţʧˡ    
    ڴ飬ǰδɹ    
    ˻ôأ    
    Ϊ˵    
    ºѣԼļƻ    
    Ǽ飬ûϣã֪´θôĽ    
    ˶ɹˣҲһܳɹ    
    û˼֪ȻҪãʵԼĿꡣ    
    ºѣѵǰѧ    
    ԿͯЧĶȴһڿԡ෴ӦԼΪ϶ΪëߵΪˣҪһ仰ıʡҪ԰ԼҪϢʶˣҪʱҲʶȻÿдëõļʱдضһĻҪһµʱ䣬ܸıԼëõëԼܾظԼĻʵжвȡӦԴʩŬá    
    ȨµΣʲôʱʲô񣬶Ϊ˵ԣƺȫڵʱ䡣ȻȴڶĲͬƳĳĳҵԭôʲô¡磬ٶԥһµĿ֮㲻֪ò÷ſγ̡ſεĳʺܺãĳɼҲȻľ״ѣҪԼĹʱ䣬ǮԼ侲ؽ֪ԼΪԼĹʱſΡһſγ̣ԺʱٲһΪʵһֻڱ˵ʵ״߼ϰ2.4˭ؿΪΪӵ㣬Ϊ˵㣬Ϊëߵ㡣


һֿʼж

        
    һҵͷѣᾭӡԶʽ֣ÿʽҪԲͬĽ    
    ʱķΧ̫㡢ѹ̫һ̫Ӵ̫ӣԲȡֶ֮ķ磬Ϊһýѧγ̵ҵҪһѧУ̷ǳӴ󡣵ǣֳɸСĽ׶Σ̱пɲˡܰѧУ󣬾۸ޣͼȵȡ仰˵Ҫʶ𹤳̵Ŀ꣬ԼΪĿȡĸ衣֮Ϊƶʱ䡣    
    һشȣдԵҵ磬ġݽƷѵʱ϶̡ǣΪҵҪԣһѶȡˣͨһ˼֣ͨʦͨоѰһȤ㣬ӭж⡣ԴǶֶģ¼飬ȵȡ    
    ʱһеʱᵼӡĵĸоıŶԭκһԭ򶼻ᵼָоĲԭûȥΣԿγ̵׼̫֣ϴѧ֮ǰ˷ѵһЩʱ䣬ѧϰſصı޿ΣѾǼѧ֮ǰˡʱѧУѧϰʵȥ˸ԼĵʦȡϵЩӦԵķ    
    ʱ¿ʼһոտʼһѶûʲôһڹʱʱʱſڹȴȵĹȻعͷ¿ʼڹʱԼѾǣʲôطѾɣʲôطûɡҪ໨һЩʱ䣬ϴεĹͷһ취ǣתʱҪ¼¼ӦðĿġһϵ⡢ҪɵĸȻġοϡ϶һԱܿٻظڹ    
    ɣ    
    һͿʼһͬѡ֪ԼһЩȴûκγɾ͸УҪҵĸоûнĸоᷢԼҪԶûûˣӶеʧ롣һ飬㲻֪֡Ͱѹһϡ    
    һֳɸеСĿ꣬гһһһֽĸо磬ٶʷʦõҵĶµݡʱƻһ¶ûܶ꣬ͻеɥǣĶֿÿ¶һɣôÿһ£㶼һֳɾ͸СһȻûаµһζ꣬ڳɾ͸еļ£񣬶ǻر    
    ѹ󲻽ӣһȱĸо磬ͷкüҪɣЩҲһȻһٸһǸϢһ£ǣÿı乤ʱ㹤ͷͶڶʱת˼עͻᵼµĹʱĲɣԭĹ⣬عͷԭĹʱ㻹ҪϰһԼıʼǣԱϤĽչ˽һô졣Լжٹʱ䣬⡣ڹʱޣ磬һСʱٵʱ䣩Ҫоһ֧ʱȽϳԣͲɡһС񣬻һĴ󲿷֣ҵĸо


һֱƣ

    ʱмһһ˿ԡʲôʲôҪʲôʲôΪʲôͳΪʲôȻֿԣȴ̫ʵʵϣѡĿ꣨ʲôΪʲôӵʲô빱ʲôѡ񣬲ĸĿзáʱѧϰĿڸĿ֮ǰʱְѸĿλӦѧϰĿ͸Ŀ֮ȡƽ⣬˶ƣ͹ȡ    
    ͷ֪Ϣʱͻƣ͡ƣ͵ͻ֣ԭ֢״졣ƣ͡롢ѹЩǹƣ͵ļڹϢ֮ȡƽ⣬ڱƣ͡ˣ㲻Ҫƻѧϰʱ䣬ҲҪƻϢʱ䡣ϢԵϢͷĹȤ飩ҲǹԵϢһתһ磬ֻҪ㻹оֹͣѧϰ⣬תĶӢ飬Ȥζĸо    
    ƣ͵һַÿռƻбԡļƻ̫ţĿɣҲԲɾ͸СΪδԼƶļƻϱһ̡    
    ѧƣ͹ȵһӡ    
    ʱ÷    
    Լʱ䡱˼Ҫ졣ʵ壬ҪõΪĿģΪԼ趨Ŀ꣬ҲΪԼʱֻҪԼķԼʱ䣨μһ£ÿһ춼ܹһ֡    
    ʱϣMyers-Briggs    
    ⡢˽ʹ֮ʱ˹1987꣩͸Ͷԣ㱾Եƫĳ̶ֳϣʹеͣμϰ1.1ȷԼͣ磬ΪдһƪĶ˼֮ʱʹõıǸоSͬʱֱNϱŶһĿոӽǡһ棬㿼ǵʦϲĿEһתԼȤIʱȻҲǵԼĸ飨FҪȽĸ飬ԸϢ㿪ʼ˼άTзȻɵضԼжϣJȴܸоPθĽ˷硸ӵĹϵδĳ̶ֳϣȡĸ͡


һְƫ

    ʱϣƫ    
    ߼ƫӰ쵽΢۹۹ѧϰƻ˼ʹϵʲôʱʲôֹԴûаգͿܰѴʱ仨ϸ֦ĩ棬Ӷ޷ƻκ飬۶ô΢ֻҪ㴹ͷɥԼ߱ˡԼ׷ĿִͶ룬˻¼ɸʱͱòͷ    
    Ҫ˷΢۹һ㣬ԼѵʶԼĿʱ֪ӦôȻܹԼĸĿ갴ҪԽ򣬲֪ʲô£̫ĳɼ̺ͽܡ磬ܻỨСʱʱ䣬ΪһݱѰͣϸڶ˶á߼ƫʹЧʱ䣬㲻ԼͱвкʵʵҪԼʱ䣬Ҳñ˵ʱ䡣    
    ߼˼άμϰ1.3ʱ䣬ϲͳʱߣбͿγ̱ȡΪϲעϸڣʱ׼ʱɡѧϰĵطɾ롢ÿ춼ӣѧϰϡʱ㰴Ͱࡢ磬һܵţе߰աϲ鵱ձϡʱ棬ԼѾòˡ    
    ˼άۺԣͲʹôͳʱƻ㣨߱ˣܻΪ㲻ùȱʱɡ濴һƬңʵֻǹ֧ʱķͬѡ㿴Ҫ۵ȣϸ֦ĩءٵأܿͬʱ๤ˣ׵شһתƵһȥ㲻ϲ˹涨ޣϲѧϰʽܱ־ʢѧϰʱжϣ㲻ȤҾô̼ӣΪ£ȴæ˼Լļƻÿռ䣬ϲʲôһѶѡһطԼߡļƻڷ棬ֱɡһһƻ㷴Щ    
    Ȼż£ͬʱƫΪĸ֣ᷢͬʱеءѹ󣬲ʹ㲻ܰ񡣱˴ʱֳһݵӣ˾͸ռʱ䡣ϸȱӦеĹעӶӰ쵽ĹֻҪܼʱҵԼҪϣѷϵĹʽʧΪһЧĹʽΪһɫʱߣͨʶԼѧϰϵǿ㣬˷Щѡ磬ʹӡ롢ܣѾҪĺڹ̶ĵطԼռذϻһѶѵֽȣʹӸɾҲбȻ㲻̫ϲʹγ̱Ӧϰ֮ǰҿҵĿγ̱õһ˼еĻᡣۺ˼ά˶ԣһϺõʱߣһ߼˼άһϣ㰴ʱϸڡ    
    ׿ȺڲͬᷢԼͬʱ߱߼Ժۺԡǽ߱һһʱĹؼѧϰĹؼһҪ֮ȡƽ⣬ԼǿԼ㡣    
    ʱϣѸйƫ    
    غƫȣйƫӰСȻˣ㻹ǿԽƫԼʱԡ磬ƫӾѧϰʹɫʱʾػͨӾԻΪѧϰЧʣѧϰ߿ͨʹûشԼйɵ޵ĿͷϢȻһС¼Ҳܳ䵱Ρ˶֪ѧϰ߿ܻ֣ᷢڹƻ԰д»żʱڣΪṩڹʱ䷽ҪƫĶдйأͳʱʺ㣬ֻҪ


ڶ1

    Ƿ֪ڳǰܹˣ㻹ĸڵʱǵ˵ȻʱЩĺ塣ԵͿ޵һƺҲġ    
    ʵУһͨѧϰõļܡ¿ƺףΪһÿ춼Ҫ£豸ҲеģʱʹõġΪһͨѧϰõļܣҪͲԼ磬һ򸾴һһ5ĺӡһӢĹң򣬼ʹ⺢ӵٺҲⲻ˸ĸ˵Ļˣԡ˵ͨѧϰõġ    
    ȥΪһ໥ãĶ˼롢ԻΪķӦ֮໥áݸ㷺һһΪﵽһضĿҪļܡѧǶĿľҪӿϻȡϢΪҪļ׼ĶӦ------ Ҫ˽βø档    
    Ϊ׼    
    Ϊ֪ĶԽ٣ҪѧϰĶԽࡣȻѧϰϣȴġ㲻˽صı֪ʶ֪йԼΧʱͲ֪ʲôҪĻʲôǲҪġһſγ̲̫˽ʱû˼㲻ɣܻԸÿγ̲Ȥ ⲢΪ㲻עΪû㹻֪ʶʹ֪ҪעЩʲôԣ׼أرǵεϤʱӦأ    
    ҪʣӦڳǰ˽һҵҲὫҪȥĵطг嵥ҲһЩĿĹеĻҲһŵͼͿ֪ôߡЩ׼˽⽫Ҫһǰκ׼Ĵ˴γûúܴջ    
    ʼѧϰһµĿγ̣ͬһҡÿһſζԼԺص㡣Ͽǰ˽Խ࣬ʱԽ͸һԽȤſγ֪֮٣ݾͻ÷ǳѣȤҲ֮ˡ    
    ܹЩʲôأ߶Ϊһ½ڸҪͼֱ˽صı֪ʶ½ڸҪͼ֮Ĺϵߵ˼άģʽһۺѧϰߺ߼ѧϰ߶ڽܵķʽμһ£½ڸҪͼΪṩҪƴд⽫ʡʱЧؼǱʼǡ棬νṹֲʽеı͸ⴴһ½ڸҪͼ3.1רδ½ڸҪͼͼ3.1½ڸҪͼʾܹǰȽҪͼϲοͿʼһ֪ʶʹȤĹ̡ϰ3.1͸ṩһϰͼĻᡣϰ3.1    
    㻹ͨϿǰʦõҵķʽΪ׼ʦܲգҵⲢζЩҵҪЩҵлԼʦҵܹΪṩһѵĻᣬѵܰѧϰ֪ʶ׼    
    ڿҲΪ׼ȣҪԼĿγϴáʦĻʱܹܿóĶڶ׼ʱáһٵпγ֣̽ܲⲿֵΪݶġֻҪܣҪǰһ£ȥֻᣬǿѡĶ?ܻѡھݸĵطΪǶĵطȻڿϽεĽʦȴܾ߱Ա˶ԱֳˣԽƫ͵ԽҪýһЩҪĿĵȥֻܼо


ڶ2

    ڿԽӦ    
    ʹڿϴӲʻӲۣҲҪԽεʦӦķӦȿ˼άϵķӦʣ˼ϵۣҲΪϵķӦǱʼǻ̬ʾˮƽֱӰķӦˣȲȫĿĵҲһ㶼ûĿĵˮƽȡر֪ʶ˽̶ȡ׳̶ȺĿڡ    
    ϸĶ˹׿ͨںѧ֮ĽǴ򣨼3.2ˡȻѧһΧ͵ĵȼҲעˮƽ۽ʦŬѧҲòʲôӦ    
    ͨеѧֻӱĶǱһһššǰеĶˣȴ˽Ķһ¡    
    ȻΪһλߣǡǡЩѧ෴ͨ˼ϵۺͼǱʼǵķʽԽӦЩ˼ϵӦðһЩ⣺ʲôԴк뷨ο£ʵϣӦʡʲôôζʲôʲôأģ3.2оעÿһˮƽ˼ķӦ    
    ʦ    
    ʦˣĹΪ㣬ˣṩϢѧУĽѧԱһԼרҵѧϰˣ㹲ЩϢȫĵͶ룬ǺԸ̸Լо⣬ͬʱҲϣܶĶȤ    
    κȺһʦҲвͬЩǳɫ˵ңһЩǾŬҲֻеȡʦڴϢٶҲвͬеٷǳ죬еöࡣĳЩʦϢٳʹһĪչ֪룬˹ĽʽֻеȻζʧȥȤ    
    ŲϵʵϰֳЩ˽úãЩ˽òһϵͳͼ3.2жϳһλʦεЧʦõAԽ࣬˵ĽЧԽá    
    ڶ̶һλߣһ̶ȡʦĽЧε˿Ҫ˵ݺԵ֯ʽεԼҪݺͶԸķӦʦ֯úܺãҪĹͼˣʦ֯òãͻĹҪϢ塢ۺϺһ㻹ҪеóۣҳЩϢжǵļֵʦεͷΣ㶼Ҫһͼķ3.3еľ彨齫ֲʦεȱǷҲ֪ʶա3.4ṩʹ޶ȵԼݵķ    
    ʦһ    
     AUSNʾʦЩµƵʡ    
    AǣUͨSʱNӲ    
    ʦǷ񡭡AUSN    
    1ѧĿģ    
    2ڽ¿ǰϰϽڿݣ    
    3ڽεԺ͹ܽᲿֽҪݣ    
    4ṩ٣    
    5Ϊʼʱ䣿    
    6Σ    
    7ڻشʱڿˣ    
    8⣿    
    9ձƣ    
    10ǿص㣿    
    11ʹת۴ʾɣ    
    12Ѷ˵    
    13ںڰдҪڵݣ    
    14Ҫ¶壿    
    15ʹøý豸ǿݣ


ڶּо

    㲻ܼоʱͲвѧϰʱһڶ£ҲעƿӶӰڿϼоЩسܿƵķΧЩܿƵġЩѾּĿǰϡ    
    ڽҵĻУⲿнֽͨƶȣ⣬ΧĸšʦĽƻϰһܿƵĸšͨʦĿٺ̬ԶӰע㲻ܿЩⲿţȴ취ӦǡԻλŻԶһЩܼٺܶšΣʦһЩλÿʹøעҲСʦĽƻϰ߶ɵĸţͨݵȤ˷ʹԼȤȫʦĽϣӶĸš    
    ЩӰѧϰڲأ岻ʡԸĹǡεȣͬҲӰڿϼоѧϰ׼ķڿϸо岻ʵšǣڶԸĹǣĴСϿεʱǸ⣬ӦϿǰ¿κ򸨵Աѯ̸һ̸ԼĽǳ̶ȡЩС£·ҪϴҪȥѣҪȥȣӦڱʼǱϰгȻڿϾͲҪˡ    
    ΪٶҪ˵ٶȣǲпܾεʱΡڸıעͿǿϰΡԶԼ˵һҪͣעԺЩεʱһҪֳľһ£ʦεʱѧټۺԱʼǡͲϵʻ㱣ּеע    
    Ҫ۵    
    ÿڿζһѧƻѧĿĺܹ˵Ҫ۵ĽѧṹѧжϲͬĽģʽҪ۵ϸݣͬʱҲܰʶʾʦȤµԭ    
    ηΪģʽ3.5ЩģʽʦѧĿĵı仯仯ʶʦõĻϵĽѧģʽʹԤ֪η򡣱־Դͷʶж϶ֽģʽӺݡ    
    ϸЩ־ԴʹΪһ̽Ϊ̽ɷǸɷµԤ֪ҪĶȥͨʶʦʹõı־ԴܹʦεݣԤ֪ηЩ־ԴҲܱ־εĽǷǳҪģΪʦܽݵʱҪ۵ظһ顣ϤЩ־ԴʼǣҸǺаġ    
    ҪϢ    
    ʶҪϢʹΪһ˵ĵءϸ۲ʦ˽ʦʲôʱǿص㡣ʦһַֻʽʾǿȻʹõķʽͬҲĳֳķʹЩص㡣    
    ȣеʦѻдںڰϣͨϿǰͰѿγдáеʦӰĿγٻעԱѧϿǰܽزӡڿιУʦҲһЩҪؼдںڰϡܰЩٻһϵеҪǽѧϰǱѧдڶٻʹε⣻ٿԳΪѧϰָϡȻӦðʦдµݽΪʼеĻ㣬Ľݡ    
    дѧһֽԼıʼǱϣжϽÿһڿζģʽг35ʦȷģʽı־ԴЩ϶Щͬ    
    еʦʹøͼҪ۵㡣Ӱӡϡͼʾάģ͡ƬͶӰõƬ¼˵Ҫϡ    
    еʦôҿαָļҳݡЩʦΪбҪעⲢסļҳ    
    еʦǿʱǿһ⡣˵ٴμġߡһǳõĿ⡣ϰ3.3ΪṩһϰɵĻᡣϰ3.3    
        
    ʱһ񼸸ĵӽĿͨ£ʦһڿεʱڽݽ꣬/ҪһϿʱͬݿʼʱҪ㸴ϰϰǡǰһΪʵĵӻ桱ûָϰпǿĵӰһҲǲסʼеݡǿӻΣ㶼ʧȥԶʧȥȤҲʧˡ    
    ϰܹͨѶʱϢתΪʱϢ䡣ԽǾĳ£еԽ׼ס˹ߡߣͼ3.3ͼ¼ûоϰסϢοʼʱ֮ĹϵͼֱʾصߺֱʾοʼӦעǣνʼ󲿷Ϣڵһ24Сʱڱġһ߽ΪʲôʱڷʼʱеԻ󲻽⣬ȴؼǵڼǱʼǵʱǺ׵ġˣڼǱʼǺ24Сʱ֮ڽиϰŻߡɴ˿ϰһÿ¿κһ±ʼǣڵڶϿǰٿһʼǣԤһʦ½ڿҪݡΪṩ˿õı֪ʶ֪ʶϵʹ̡⣬Щ֪ʶҲʹЩ׻ݼ䡣㻹ڿʼϿʱʦڽ֮ǰȰ㲻̫ٽһ顣    
    жʤԴǡжʤԴָǵΪҪǶδĴø־áҪ䱾ʶԣֻʱԵġ˵Ļܿ챻׵Ժ󣬶¡ж־ãΪжһεı仯һôȤҲôȥ취ǣݾͿܱѧϰԣǱʼǾһʤԴǵж֮ʼεı֡


ڶֱʼǵĿ

    ʼмĿģȣЩԭĻ򲹳ûеģбҪ¼Աο⣬ʦǿͨǿݣǱʼǾȻˡΣñʼһڵı淽ʽѧšæµ㲻ܶݶôǱʼǾͲʧΪһֺõѡ     
    ʼǶԼĸ¼棺ȣǱʼһָּоӾһۺϻ⻹ҪŬֶŬѧϰЧʣΪϢԼϢṩֶΡʱޣ㲻ܰʦнݶѡؼǱʼǡѡԻʹЩʼݡѾؿЩݵļֵ͸пܼסǡ⣬ڼǱʼǵĹУ塢֯Щݣı֪ʶϵһݵȫ棬ҲЧؼסǡ    
    ʼǵļַ    
    ʼǵķܶ࣬˵һΨһȷķ ԴӼַѡһ֣磬ԲüַʽгʽʽٵʽýṹʽCorneʼǷ ĿǰԽԽѧʹñʼǱʼǱʼǡΣʼǵĽκʽеͨġҲбʼǣдִıʼǣҪġͬʱҲ򵥵Ľ鼴ǣ¼Ӧ׶ġ ϾıʼһĲֵġѡַĳЩԻʹıʼǷáȣӦΪÿһıʼǱڣͱ˺˶ԱʼǻʦһЩ˵ʱ᷽ġȱʱʼδ˵Ӧðⲿݲϡ⣬ڱʼϱҳҲʹıʼǸԡ    
    ΣֻڻҳʼǱǱʼǣѡؾʹˣѧϰʱͬʱݰǰⷭҳѱʼõԴӡҲյ֮ͬЧ    
    ݱʼݽйࡢܽۺϲϵһַͬʱҲݵ⡣ѱʼݷʱҪÿհ׼ͻйصϢʹһЩ (ڱʼǱʹø̾š»ߺȦ㣻ڵʹͻʾֻϴ壩ʹҪһĿȻ    
    Ӧðʦдںڰϡͨ߼ͶӰǻҺʾʾݣڡͼ⣩ڱʼϣͬʱʦᵽ̲ĵľҳʱЩҳڱʼǱϣȻѽ̲ķǼҳǣʱЩڱʼسһ顣һЩطԱ㽫ԭеԱ߲һЩܽᡣ    
    ַܲǱʼǣҪҪݡѡʲôݣȡѧݵ˽ԼʦǿصʲôϤݣûбҪԲϤǵúϸ    
    ʼĲͬ뽻ʦҲ֣Բؿ﷨ƴдǷȷûбҪƴдȫʡ ʵϣһڼǱʼǵͨҪһټǷڿʼѧϰټʱҪһʹ̫ټǷšѾȫĳЩŵʹ÷š4.1ṩһЩһټǷ׼ϰ4.1ϰʹټǷϰ4.1    
    һ㣬ñʼǣʹ䷢áһ˵ЩʼǾϸϰҪЩϰջ󡣵׼ϿΣߵʱҪڿǰļ¡˼롣⼸Ӹϰһʼǣܡ¹ʶ֪¡ܼǿ䡣


ڶѧϰټǷ׼

    1.ټǷŵ    
    2.ʹõʵǰĸ    
    磺associated: assoc    
    with: w    
    geography: geog    
    history: hist    
    information: info    
    introduction: intro    
    3.ʹñ׼ټǷšдʺձƴʽ    
    磺 and: &    
    number: #    
    percent: %    
    money, doar: S    
    question: ?    
    pus: +    
    times, mutipy: x    
    ess than or greater than:     
    pound: 1b    
    foot: ft    
    weight: wt    
    mie: mi    
    December: Dec    
    United States: US    
    through: thru    
    night: nite    
    right: rite    
    4.ʡԪĸԵʿɱΪԭĸ    
    磺 background: bkgd    
    mixture: mxtr    
    deveop: dvp    
    5.ȥӰĴβ    
    磺 ed    
    ing    
    ment    
    er    
    6.ʡԹڴa, an, theͲҪĶʼݴʡ    
    磺 Casuse of CW=savery A cause of the Civi War was the issue of savery.    
    7.дһγֵרʣȻдǵڱʼǵಿһ    
    8.ֱʾں֡    
    磺December 7, 1942: 12/7/42    
    one: 1    
    first: 1st    
    


ڶѧϰټǷ׼

    ٷ    
    ǼǱʼʱձʹõһַĹУֻ谴ڿεȺ˳Ҫ֧֤ݵϸڡԼݡ    
    ͨʽʽָʽͼ4.1ʽĸʽҳҳ֣I, II, III ȣҪע֤ҪҪдôдĸʾЩҪݡ    
    Ҫϸİ֣1, 2, 3ʾʽʽƣҲʽ֮ͬڣʽʹ÷ţۺšǺŵȣֻдĸʾҪݡΪʹʽٸÿհ׼Ҫݷֿϰ4.2ϰʽʼǣϰ4.2    
    ڶʼǷ    
    ڶʼǷԴ䷢ԴؿڶѧɿڶѧĶѧϰֶء˷ַ׶Σ¼򻯡С˼ϰͼ4.2ıʼǼǲÿڶʼǷıʼǡ    
    һǼ¼ھֽ2.5ĵطһֱߣʹü͵ҳ߾λáǻڽеڶ֮ǰȿšʦεĹУҪͬʱΪҪԶٵʽдÿҳұߵĴĿ     
    ǵڶĹؼʡ¿κҪ羫ɱʼݣȻдڻȡжڽ(ͼ3.3)һҪ 򻯱ʼʱҪʡݴʺ͸ʣʺͶʡ ɱʼʱҪѰݵĹͬȷķ룬ͨϸȷݡ ҪһҪܼôʡ Ը⣬ʱЩʾݳϲߣԱʱѸٶЧĸϰ 򻯲ǿ䡣     
    ǱСһ׶ȺϱʼǣȻԼĻеݡûʾѼ䡣Ƿʼǽк˶ԡָϰͬڽߡ    
    Ĳ˼бʼǺԼһ㡰ȴʱ䡱 ضһʼǣȻ˼ʼݡȻĶ̲һЩͳʼϵݡ ñʼǽиóҳϵҪͲ˵֮Ĺϵһ˼    
    岽ĿǸϰÿܼμҪظϰʼסѧݡ ַɢʽϰΪṩ˲¹֪µĻᣬͬʱҲѧݵĿԡ ϰ4.3 ṩϰڶʼǷĻᣨϰ4.3    
    ַ    
    νַԶΪλγɵһֶṹٷȻַͬʹһЩľӡַʧΪһ֮Чļ¼ȴҪõʻ㣬ࡣǶЩǿѧ˵ַʼǸ⡣ϰ4.4 ṩϰַǱʼǣϰ4.4     
    ݲͬڿηʽòͬļǱʼǷ    
         
    ܡԲӦ䡱ķĳЩеͨڼǱʼʱȴУΪſεݲͬѧʶͳڿҪͬʱñʼǣѧȴδʶڿηʽôͬʼǶпγ̶ɻȱʦεĿϻ͵ĿϣѧݶӰѧϰЧбҪķʽѿûͬڿηʽ署Ρʵҿγ̡ĳЩۿԼöý帨ѧֶڿεĿγ̵ȣҪòͬļǱʼǷ


ڶֱα߼Ǳʼ

    ҪԽ̲ʱεĹмǱʼȡڿǰ׼ڿǰԤϰȫݣ԰ʦǿֱӼڿαϡһһЩҪ»ߣԻʦΪԺԵĵطͬʱڸµҳ߿հ״Ҫݡڿǰݸݴ½ڸҪͼ£԰ѿݺʦĽֱӼڸҪͼϡ    
    ʦĽݲڿαʱǱʼǵͼˡΪûн̲ĿɹοҪرΡ¿κҪŪ׸µļƻȻѱгٻ򻭳ҪͼʱñʼǺͿγپͻóˡͬʱȷԼѧϰĿѧϰĿĲڼ䡣Ҫ˽Ƿȫݣһͬѧıʼǣ߶һЩϡα޹ʱЩһǽνʦΪÿγйصҪݡԭڿʦ϶ǰѡ     
    ʵαʼ    
    ʵһִӻл֪ʶĹ̡ʵ顢۲ԼʵӦûԻѧֺ̡γ̵⡣¼һĻֻ̡ڼ˻˳ͽܹ˼ԭ򡢽Ҫԡ    
    ʵϼǱʼǵĵһǰѳڶʼ֮ǰȼʹõĲϡ𲽼Ŀꡣʵͬʱʵ¼һ½չÿʵһʱӡ͹۲ۼ¼ͬʱѽһʱڿܷı仯ܲõĲͬڱʼǱϡ    
    ۿαʼ    
    ۵ĺʹγ̲֮˴˽˼롣 ʽϿζڽ̸˲۵Ĺʼǡ۵ǿγݣͷͻûκζɹο͸ϰʱۿΪһ̸һҵ顣Ĺûı¼ѻϷһж    
    Ϊ׼ȷۿεıʼǻ¼Ҫ۹ᵽʻԼͬĴ𰸼ڼ¼ĳһ۵꾡ͬʱҲҪ෴Ĺ۵¼۽ʱҪݡһκԱһߡ     
    ý帨ѧñʼ    
    ʦøָĽѧֶΣӡϡ¼񡢵ͼõƬԼģ͵ȷʽ̼ѧӾʦĽѧѡԹʱ֮ϢȽͳʦѧʱ֮ҲȽϸ׼ȷѧγأҲпǿݡʦͨøֽѧ߲֪ʶϢѧлȤͬʱǵļɺˮƽ4.2оһЩý帨ѧֶԼʹЩӦֶεĿġϰ4.5㸴ϰЩý帨ѧֶμǵӦ÷ϰ4.5    
    ʦʹöý帨ֶΣַӡˢϡڰװ塢ͼõƬнѧʱѧǱʼǵķʽϿʱĲ𲻴ΪʾݵĶʦ¼ӽѧУѧʼǵķʽȴ봫ͳļ¼кܴȣҲѧϰʽһֻδʶס¼ṩϢҪԡ⣬ֽѧͨڰڰķУʹ˻˯עļСΣֽѧĿʹѧʱͣʼǡԭ¼ӽĿһʼǼ¼Ҫݵѡ취     
    дѧһֽʼǱϻش⣺һڿηʽʹеʼǣΪʲô


ڶ۱ʼ

    ʼǣıʼǡʼǺ¼ʼ    
    һٳΪʱе΢¯ƶ绰ȿȡĿաݳͲ͡ʱϢݺ͵ʼѳΪʱҪˣϣ֪ʶҲٳɵԸǿģǣ֪ʶٳȴһ⣬һǳء    
    ıʼǡʼǺ¼ʼǶѸٶ׾ٵصõٳϢֱʼеõĻرĸóȣûиҲûջֻ֪ʶķʽ϶вͨͽʳһЩҪʱ͸˵ĻŬܴﵽĿꡣӰӡƷʼӳֻǼǱʼǵ˵ûκŬ͸ˣҲǱεıʽȻҲκ洦    
     ʱƣսʤĻţĻڵϾͲˡ    
    ͬ¼ʼҲƺһð취¼Ͼܰʦ˵ÿʶ¼Ҳ롢˼Ϳѻˣ¼ʼƺһļǱʼǷǣ¼ǱʼҲ䲻֮һŴܷʱ䡣⣬ȫݳдһҲõҪݡͬһҳϵ»̫һʦÿֶҲҪݵʶֻǶһѡڶ¼ֻ¼ݣ޷ʦдںڰϻطͼԼֶͨαֵݼ¼¼ǱʼǾ⡣ûҲŴʱ޷ӵԼıʼǡģ¼ЧļǱʼǷ㣬Ҳȱ㣬һߣһͽñʼһޡ    
    żһαʼǻʹ¼ʼǿԵġ˲ȷʵȥΣ˰æǱʼǻ¼ȻҪûбʼǺˡԿ˰ѽ¼ȻŴ߼ǱʼǡҪע⣺ҪϵܾòŴǱʼǡǷծ̫࣬¼ʼǾʹﲻԤڵĿġʹ¼ʼǵһֿ֮һ߼Ǳʼһ߰ѽ¼¼ݻڸϰʱֲʼûеݣ䵱ʦټʱַǳáһֵעǣʦʱ¼ܻʦãʹȽţӰ콲ˮƽӡ׵İ취ǣ¼Ҫڰ¼֮ǰȡڿνʦͬ⡣     
    ۱ʼ    
         
    ǱʼʹڿݸԣЩҲǿԵĻݡԣıʼӦÿһſγ̵Ѽ¼Ըݱ4.3ıʼǣ÷Խ˵ıʼԽʵá޵ÿһſεıʼǶҪƵſݺҪĲͬʼǵҪҲ֮ͬϰ4.6ʹлԲͬʽıʼǽ    
    ʼ    
    ԭͨڼֵʵԷõߡӹȫͬĶ磬ľܱɷӡҾ߻ֽʯͷܱɱʯɳþߡ鱦ԭͱ͡ϳάϡͬñʼÿһſγ̵ԭϡĿڿκЩݣתмֵĶˣѧϰǰѿϵż¼֪ʶ֪ʶĹ̡    
    ʼǵĵһǶԱʼԭĽϸ˵ڶһͿˡǣѱʼ̲ۺϡֱͼϳͼʹıʼǸȣʹѧݵһ㡣ӹĲӹǰԭϿȻͬһıʼǾӹҲԭıʼǴͬ    
    дѧһֽʼǱϻش⣺ټһϰ4.6жԼıʼǵһкܴͬԭʲô


ڶʼ

    ʼ    
    Ҫ¿κСʱ֮ʼǣʱδغܶ࣬Чȣ嵽ʮʱ临ϰ֯ʼǣû֮ǰϸڡйϵѼǵòŪòͬɫıҪݺ͸»߻ǻʹѸҵʼǵصͱڻ䡣ڱʼǱҳ߻һɫıʲؼʻⶼڽĸϰ    
    ÿҳֽǱʼǣʹñʼǱԺʹӡ¼ʹӡʼǣҲһڵбʼƽ̯ӻƽϣԱͬʱ۵ס㿴Щʼǹɵġ¡ܻᷢһЩǰҶ˵ĹɡֻҪЩݵĻ壬ʼǣʹ֮ˡ     
    ݽ̲ݶԱʼǽ    
    ûһſγ̵ѧϰ̲Ļ߽ýѧЩ֪ʶͬʱԽ̲ĺͿýѧһЩԽ̲ģԿýѧѧϰĲĿڶԸԽ̲ĺͿýѧۺݵͳһ⡣һҪѿñʼ̲ۺ    
    ֻÿҳֽǱʼǣһ߶һڱʼǱı油ݡ治һſհ׻ҳֽ⣬㻹Ըֽϻͼѱʼ¹򲹳ֱ۲ϡ    
    ֱͼ    
    ʱҪ׵ذѱʼ֯һ顣ֱͼʼݣΪͨЩݷֱͼͼʹۺϱʼݣΪԴзֹɻֱͼʹ˵Ķָйٲãѹ߼ѧϰߺͷѧϰ߶ַȤ    
    гʼǴֱͼĵһһгͿֽзҳеڹϵ磬ͨʱ䡢ͬռ롢ϵ˳ҵ֮ϵһȷ֮ϵʽͻȷһֱͼҪ    
    ʱʺϰ˳չϢͼھһϷжͬڲı仯̡ʼݾж༶ԣȰǰ֯Ȼٰʱ˳֯    
    ֲͨͬıȽϷʽʹʼǸʱȰҪȽϵݰгȻ󰴺гȽݵÿҪغ֮γɱҵݣȻڱÿһڡ    
    ۺͼ    
    ʱĳЩ˼ݺ˼뷽ʽȫʺĳһֱͼֱ۱ʾͨ˵ĸͼ۵ͼȴͨͼηӳĳһۺϹϵЩͼͨʾϸ֮ҪҪ͵ͬϵ˼뷽ʽⱾÿĩĿûҪ½ڸҪͼһСһӦҪʹҪϵۺͼ㻹ͨͬʽͼӳͬݡЩͼͨ˵ϸݵĲͬ𣨼ͼ4.3һ˵ϸϵķʽʾһϵв衢¼ʱ˳ʷ׶Σͼ4.4ÿһµĿͷʹøͼ˵븱֮Ĺϵ    
    ͼĲ    
    1ѡһܷӳĸͼƥĵʻʿÿµĿΪضĿ⡢⡢ĿꡢκҪ    
    2дڱʼǱĶˡ    
    3гйصݣϸڡ塢ܡɻʵ    
    4ϸЩҪزȷ֮佨ϵķʽȷҪ֮йϵࡢСǵͬϸڡϵȣ    
    5ѡǡ÷ӳȷĹϵĸͼ͡    
    6ͼĲͼ    
    7ֱ߻ͷʾϸ֮ԼϸڵĹϵ    
    8شĸͼʵԣ    
    1)עͼֻǷ׼ȷ˵ĸ    
    2)͹۵Ƿ֤ܳĸ    
    3)ͼĽṹǷϺ߼    
    4)ͼǷ⣿    
    


ڶĶƪ

    Ƿڿſ˼ʲôأΪʲôѧҽԶҪЩ֪ʶˣ룬ӽΪһֲƷһܵɵĲƷʵϣĻеģΪͨڴѧȡ֪ʶҵʱѾʱˡһкãΪλҪѧЩ㽫ԶҪ֪ʶĴοҵ    
    ֻҪΪγһֲƷȻһܻ򲻿ٴʹõĶǣγ̵ֵѧʲôƷȥѧ̡ڴѧѧ˼ѧζЩȤ֪ʶ˼ѧ֤Щ֪ʶҪжѧȷʲôأʲô޹ءѧνѧ֪ʶӦõµѧΪԼѧϰ    
    SQ3RΪѧӿαѧ֪ʶṩһ塣ɸ˹ ޱѷһ裺ʣĶк͸ϰ    
    һ    
    ĽеĵһνáһĶݲʶķΪΣ£ʱԼԺĶ춨    
    Ŀ    
    ĶǰԻö෽ջȣʹĶΪһЧḶ́ΪĶǰ˼ڶڴƪµγһһƪ˴µӡͻᷢϸҪ㷢ϵڽļ䡣ΪѾѧ֪ʶ˽⡣ģ԰жĲѶĲֿٻʱ䡣趨ĶʹϢٶȡṩ˽˽й֪ʶͱ֪ʶҪĶݽϵĻᡣ    
    ı֪ʶӰ⣿ĶĲһֽıʼǱϻش⡣    
    The procedure is actuay quite simpe. First, you arrange things into different groups. Of course, one pie may be sufficient depending on how much there is to do. If you have to go somewhere ese due to ack of faciities that is the next step; otherwise, you are pretty we set. It is important not to overdo things. That is, it is better to do too few things at once than too many. In the short run this may not seem important but compications can easiy arise. A mistake can be expensive as we. At first the whoe procedure wi seem compicated. Soon, however, it wi become just another facet of ife. It is difficut to foresee any end to the necessity for this task in the immediate future, but then one can never te. After the procedure is competed, one arranges the materias into different groups again. Then they can be put into their appropriate paces. Eventuay they wi be used once more and the whoe cyce wi then have to be repeated. However, that is part of ife.    
    ԴѡԡﾳȾͻо߲˼J.DԼѷM.K1972꡶ѧϰΪ26־ȨС    
    1öĵʲô    
    2Ըк˽⣿    
    3ڵһУᵽǺι(procedure)    
    4ʶ̣    
    5нѶֿڲܻȥططsomewhere eseָʲôط    
    6ʶطλã    
    7ᵽ߰(mistakes can be expensive)ʲô˼    
    8һΪûпԤԵĽ(foreseeabe end)    
    ĵڱһҳԱҵҵش28⡣    
    ˽ˮƽܶϢ״ĶʱϢҪϸڡ֪ǰ޷֮нáûṩϢƪ¾û塣    
    ΪѧϰʱϢ棺һⲿģһڲġⲿϢԴ㣬ѧߣڲϢԴѧѧϰûõڲⲿԴ֮ĻáΪǱȽϲԵϢԴû뵽ԼҲϢԴǰʱҪ޶ȵΪԼѧϰеϢԴ


ڶƪ

    󴴽½ڸҪܹṩһݵһ£ߵָȷƪµĽṹݡһµĿʼмͽβֲͬ͵ҪһЩƪ°еֻġ    
    ƪǰҪΪ趨ƽ̨аĿͽܣʱĿʱȶĿԼһ漰ʲôݣ˼һк˽⡣ȻĶƪǰѧϰĿ趨ѧϰĿꡣЩĿȷĶÿƪºӦ˽ݻܹ顣һҪֻܲһΣЩܹȤйƪݵƪǰһҪҪĶԻȡй﷽ʽĸʶΪ˼ÿʵⲻ㲻ϤĴʻΪ1࣬ϤĴʻΪ2ࡣЩаյĴʻΪ3ࡣһЩʻΪ23ʱҪƪе÷»µĻͬ塣    
    ЩƪҪƪڲǰ⼰⣬ӡˢʾͼ⡣ЩʱԶͨƪĴм顣ֻÿµĵһλһ䡣ԸÿһֵĸĶʱҪһ¸ͼ⡢ͼͼƬӾϢͨǿصϸڵá⣬塢»ߺбͻҪǳҳʱͨҪʵ͸    
    Ϊһ֣ƪºҪĶһλܽᣬͨǻṩҪͽۡһ¸ϰеƪҳҪϢ    
    ʱ򣬼סѧǲͬġӦƪ֮Ч໥ãǼ򵥵رƪݡȷĻڼھͿɡϰ5.15.2ѵϰ5.15.2    
    дѧѡעѧϰһſΣһֽʼǱϻش⡣ſεĳɹ翼ԳɼģĿʲôÿγ漰Ḷ́⣬ϢʲôĸҪɹṇ̀Ϊʲô    
    ڶ    
    һļ硣Ƿͼ㾭ȥĵطҵһµķ̵ꣿͻȻ㷢ע⵽ǰδĲֺ͵طΪʲôΪڻѰĳΧ߾ǴʶḺ́ΪʶĹ̡    
    ǷڶһƪĵʱͻȻʶԶݸͲ⣿˫۽Щ֣ĴȴûͶ롪ڷضȼٻڸʵ    
    ճһطһطûΧĻһϰߵشͷβû⺬塣Ѱµ⣬ĶʱʶȥѰĳЩ͸пעĶݡĶʱͻѰҴ𰸡ˣΪṩĶĿġΪѰ𰸶Ķ԰㽫ʶĶתΪЧʶ˼̡    
    ôЩ趨ĿأľԴ֮һĶĿṩԤϰ⣬ָĶЧģõġõķԼ⡣ǣζδĶϢأ    
    ṩϢ˵ͨ͸⡪⡣磬ֵıǵڶʡʡڵڶҪʲôߡڵڶӦ⣿һ̶ϾӦûô𰸵͡5.1гѰ˼ϸڵʴʡ5.2ȷ벻ͬʴӦָʾʡϰ5.3бתѵϰ5.3    
    


ڶֵĶ

    SQ3Rĵڶ⡣ҪЧѰҴ𰸡Ϊˣ    
    ˵ʲôĵĺ塣    
    Ϣ    
    ֽеϷĿתҪμЩͨĸ϶ɵĴĺ塣    
    ɶϷμҪģΪͼӮǮͺͽƷ    
    ˵еĴ͸ҪˡҪʹﾳṹԼһĲοϡ    
    ﾳ    
    Ķµþ䡣ڸµ仰fiesֱʲô˼ʵ˼ԻĲͬͬЩﾳʵʻеʹ÷    
    ﾳΪ⺬ṩ˵ĺδ˵˵ﾳźʾĹؼɣ5.3ʶͬλʻ飬Ƕǰ˵¶֮Ĵʽӡʾһ仰лһ˼Ϊͬ壨ȽϺ;ͷ壨գϵһǺСϰ5.45.5ѵʹﾳȷϰ5.45.5    
    2040ӢϷ    
    ȷʵһõıݡ    
    յıС    
    δ˵ﾳҪı֪ʶƶϺ塣бʶĹؼʺʹṩ⺬ǿeitesʣ    
    The existence of a surpus food suppy expains why cities were abe to deveop but does not expain why peope were attracted to them. Cities tended to attract four basis types of peope: eites, functionaries (officias), craftsmen, and the poor and destitute. For eites, the city provided a setting for consoidating poitica, miitary, or reigious power. The jewery and other uxury items found in the tombs of these eites symboized the benefits that this sma segment of the popuation gained from their consoidation of power and contro. Those who ived in cities as poitica or reigious officias received consideraby fewer benefits, but their ives were undoubtedy easier than those of the peasant-farmers in the countryside. Craftsmen, sti ower on the stratification structure, came to the city to work and se their products to the eites and functionaries. The poor and destitute, who were ured to the city for economic reief, were sedom abe to improve their condition. (Gist Fava, 1974)    
    Դѡԡѧ,ڶ档лõ (Shepard) 湫˾1984档ȨС    
    û˵eitesĺṩ˵еĴpower, jewery, uxury benefits˽⵽eitesǸԣȺ⣬ͨųҲע⵽˸ԣȺǶΨһû漰Ľײ㡣    
    ÿѧƶԵġרҵԵĺͨõĴʻﾳԴʻǶĳѧĴʻ㡣磬agebraָѧһ֧רҵԴʻﾳ塣ѧsetʾλ羫״̬mind setѧsetָǼϡϷsetָǲͨôʻӦõκѧƵճʻ㡣    
    ﾳڽĳѧƴʻʱİ׾ѧġʱﾳʹôʻ㣬ûṩʲôϢһµڴ£ʹýṹķⲿֺ塣ҲûɹΨһѡǲֵʻ    
    ṹ    
    ĳЩɳɷһɵģ㲿һͬɳɷֶڵʷӹǱزٵġЩʻɲֱʸbaseǿԸʻĴ⡣׺affixǰ׺prefixͺ׺suffixı˴ʵĹɲӰ塣ǰ׺ڴʻǰ棬׺ڴʻĩˡ׺ʱȷĳʵѧǻȷԻʹ÷ͼг˳õĴʸ5.4ǰ׺5.5׺5.6ѧƼʸ5.7ϰ5.6гԼʵ


ڶֳôʸ

    ʸʵ    
    aud auditoryڣ    
    cedeȥ recedeˣ    
    dict˵dictionaryֵ䣩    
    jectͶ eject䣩    
    junctӣjunctionӣ    
    memԣmemory䣩    
    portˣtransport䣩    
    pseudoٵģpseudonym    
    ruptƣinterruptţ    
    scriptдmanuscriptԭ壩    
    vert ı䣩convertת    
    vis/vidvideoƵ    
    5.5ǰ׺    
    ǰ׺ʵ    
    aǣ asexuaԵģ    
    ad 򣬳adhereճ    
    autoԼautonomyƣ    
    bebeovedɰģ    
    com/co/con/co һͬcoauthorߣ    
    contra ԣ contraband˵ģ    
    de뿪ԣdetractתע⣩    
    disȥdisjointedɢ    
    en, in encapsuateѹ    
    exexistڣ    
    heteroͬģheterosexuaͬԱģ    
    homoͬģ homogenousͬԴģ    
    in, i, irǣiegibeѱϵģ    
    inter֮䣩intervene룩    
    misģģmistakenģ    
    nonnonexistentڵģ    
    obobstruction    
    overϣoverwhemƷ    
    preǰ prehistoricʷǰģ    
    proǰ proponent绤ߣ    
    reٴΣrepeatظ    
    sub£ subscript±꣩    
    superϣsuperscriptϱ꣩    
    transԽ transferתͣ    
    ununconnectedصģ


ڶԺ׺ʵ

    adeΪ bockadeϣ    
    age״̬ bockage    
    ance/ence״̬absenceȱϯ    
    ane/ine/eneѧʣ butane飩    
    arch/archyͳΣ monarchyΣ    
    ard/artµˣbraggartţߣ    
    arian䣬ɻְҵagrarianũҵģ    
    asis/osis/ysisص״̬paraysis̱    
    ationΪjubiation    
    cideɱ homicideɱˣ    
    hood״̬statehoodҵλ    
    ism״̬communism壩    
    istˣjournaistߣ    
    ity/ty״̬ creativityԣ    
    mentΪ״̬government    
    nessǡ״̬kindness    
    or/erΪߣinventorߣ    
    oryص״̬aboratoryʵң    
    ship״̬eadership쵼Ȩ    
    sionΪconversionת    
    sterǡˣyoungsterˣ    
    tion״̬ eationܣ    
    wrightˣpaywrightң    
    ݴԺ׺ʵ    
    abe/ԡremarkabe˵ģ    
    aڣcomicaϲԵģ    
    ibeܣ divisibeɷֵģ    
    icڣ academicѧģ    
    iveСƷʣ creativeԵģ    
    fu beautifuƯģ    
    ousУadvantageousģ    
    Ժ׺ʵ    
    en/£roughenʹֲڣ    
    fyʹunifyŽᣩ    
    izeΪ/ʹmaximize󻯣    
    Ժ׺ʵ    
    yԡ̬ȣcarefuyأ


ڶѧȻѧʸʹ׺

    aquaˮaquaticˮģ    
    astroǣastronomyѧ    
    bibisectȷ֣    
    biobioogyѧ     
    botanֲbotanistֲѧң    
    centiһ٣һ٣centimeterף     
    cytoϸ cytoskeetonϸǼܣ    
    decʮdecimaʮģ    
    equiڣequidistantȾģ     
    geogeoogyѧ    
    hemi룩hemisphere     
    hydroˮhydroicˮģ    
    kioǧkiogramǧˣ    
    microСģ microscope΢    
    meterkiometerǧף     
    monoһmonographר     
    octaˣoctagon˱Σ    
    oogyѧbioogyѧ    
    onomyѧastronomyѧ    
    ped/pod㣩 anthropod˵ģ    
    quadģquadrantķ壩    
    semi룩semicirceԲ     
    some壩 chromosomeȾɫ    
    sphere򣬵biosphereȦ    
    teeңԶteescopeԶ    
    thermoȣ thermaȵģ    
    tri triangeǣ    
    uniһ universe棩     
    


ڶֲο

    ûͨﾳȡϢṹǵвҪĿʶ𲿷֡ҪĵĴʻֵ䡣    
    ĿαдʻΪγԵ;ֵһдʻĴʻֻصԼγصĸĶʱʻʹֵʡʱ䡣Ҳ֤ӿγ̵лȷĺ塣    
    Ŀαûдʻİ취ǴֵвǸʡҵĴ˼ҪôԭڵﾳǾȷõĺǷ⡣    
    Ķ    
    ηӦеȽ͸ߵȽ֮Ĳ֮һڶѧαҪʹöꡣѧϸֹڿαǡѧУϣ鱾ر˻أδʹùȻѧĿαǣԹΪʲô    
    ǵʱǶԿӦͼ¼ʶľĶʱڿαдǺ̶ʹĿαȫעĶһ;    
    ڿαס㷢ҪϢϱǡҪñɫ滮߾Ϳˡǣ㾿Ӧöʲôݽбעأ֪ЩҪ֪ЩӦñԣ    
    καǰ㶼ҪĶĳĳ֡עԼαעȡк˽⡣룬оκǵľעʲôκǣעٵΪѾ˽֮˽٣Ҫעͨ˽Խ٣עԽࡣ˽Խ࣬עľԽ١    
    ΣԤϰ⣬ǵӦĴ𰸡˵עͻҪϢҲע֧𰸵ϸڣĳ˳Ĳ裬͵һԭ˽ʦΪҪݺϸ԰ѡעݡһƪĵĶѶʱҪǵĵءΪĳѶȡǸϤ̶ȣѶҲȡдʽ    
    ĿӦǱעЩպúʡϢͼ5.15.2ıǵʵͼ5.1Уѧע̫ϢԶѧϰûκΰסıעĿǷֱҪҪϢ֮ͼ5.1Уһûбʾʹһ֪ӦñעҲһٵϢͼ5.2Уѧע̫ٵϢζѧѾĽ⣬Ҳܱѧûע⡢ȱαעȱ˽⡣ͼ5.3мעĿġȥ պúʡıעݡ    
    סעȡ˽̶ȡĵѶȡĿԼʦҪʲ֣ǣıעһֻһҳŪɫΪÿһжҪôͻʧȥαעԽԡѡǿôҪǦʱעȻٴͷʼòʱʻѡرעҪϢ


ڶֹעĿ

    עĿ    
     Organizing Course Content to Set Reading Goas    
    Think again about how you best earn information (see Chapter 1). Outines and maps hep you predict and organize information whie surveying. This is particuary true if you rephrase headings and subheadings into questions or content chapter tites with headings and subheadings to questions. Questions require you to ook for answers and thus, make reading more active. You read to answer what, how, when, who, which, where, and why (see Tabe). When previewing, you wi normay be ooking for main ideas. Thus, why, how, and what questions wi form the basis of your previewing outine. Question outines and maps make previewing ess cover and more concrete. They set goas for reading.    
    ٱעĿ    
    Organizing Course Content to Set Reading Goas    
    Think again about how you best earn information (see Chapter 1). Outines and maps hep you predict and organize information whie surveying. This is particuary true if you rephrase headings and subheadings into questions or content chapter tites with headings and subheadings to questions. Questions require you to ook for answers and thus, make reading more active. You read to answer what, how, when, who, which, where, and why (see Tabe). When previewing, you wi normay be ooking for main ideas. Thus, why, how, and what questions wi form the basis of your previewing outine. Question outines and maps make previewing ess cover and more concrete. They set goas for reading.    
    עĿ    
    Organizing Course Content to Set Reading Goas    
    Think again about how you best earn information (see Chapter 1). Outines and maps hep you predict and organize information whie surveying. This is particuary true if you rephrase headings and subheadings into questions or content chapter tites with headings and subheadings to questions. Questions require you to ook for answers and thus, make reading more active. You read to answer what, how, when, who, which, where, and why (see Tabe). When previewing, you wi normay be ooking for main ideas. Thus, why, how, and what questions wi form the basis of your previewing outine. Question outines and maps make previewing ess cover and more concrete. They set goas for reading.


ڶֵĲ

    עֻͻѾдϢʵϣĳЩ£û¾ͱעϢСSQ3RĵĲ⡣ڼĶǰͨлֱķʽشЩĿ⣬һܶԿ⡣    
    ܽע    
    ̽Ķʱƶˣ׼ϰԵʱҲܼΪαעЩϢԿĽܽһ䵱ʱݵʾ޶ȵطӱһáܽᲢܴıע෴ڱעܽṹһּҵϢλԱ㽫ϰ    
    ΪдܽᣬʹΪвһ֣ҪѰдģʽ˼ԼϢ;ʱʶͬ֯ģʽ3.5ڿģʽӦ־ҲڿСһΪһ˼֯ģʽҪڸԵĿհ״дʹʼʱ4.1ټǷ׼ͬټǷš磬ڲ׻ԱʺţʦǿģǿԵüҪԱǺŻ̾šܽӦüҪȫؼ¼ѾעݡעӦûشSQ3Rڶʱ⡣ͼ5.4ṩѱעѸĿĵʵȻϰ5.7ѵעܽᡣ    
    ͨм    
    㲻ܻشԼ⣬ͱ֮һҪô˴⣬ҪôûĶݡҪͨĶﾳмȷʧܵԭ򡣿ĵǷش⣿ûУ˴⡣Ŀͨѵߡ    
    ͼ5.4ܽĵע    
     ֯γ趨ĶĿ    
    Ϣٴ˼õѧϰ֪ʶһ£ٺͼ/ͼ=֯ʱԤ֯Ϣ㽫͸ƪĿ    
    Ϣ;͸γ⣬ַΪȷҪѰҴ𰸣ʹĶЧĶΪ˻شйʲôΡʱ˭    
    ͣΪ⣨2.3ԤϰʱͨѰ    
    =ΪΡΡ ⡣ΪΡκʲôһ⽫ԤϰٵĻ    
    ʲôٺͼʹԤϰòôζӾ塣Ϊ    
    ӦãĶ趨Ŀꡣ    
    ͼ/Ҳ    
    ׼    
    һϰʱͱøסЧ۲ش⡣Ҳʹ¼ѵȣĿ¼ȻĶĲĴҲ¼㲥¼ĴŴʱǷʵĴǷȷشЩ⡣һϰķüƬȰдڿƬϣĶ󣬿ǷʺϡȻĴдڿƬ档    
    ⲻʺϣµⲢضȻ⣬ҪͷƪĶЧĶʱѿܷӦ⡣5.8ṩһԭ취    
    ĿıעͬʱҲע̫࣬ҪϢͲҪϢ㾭⣬һ֧Ǧעܽᡣṩ˼עݵĻᡣżؽ˱עҪɫīˮɫʽбעע̫٣ܲ㹻ϢʹԿĳ⡣    
    岽ϰ    
    岽Ǹϰѧϰ̡ʾϰΰ֪ʶߣͼ3.3ҲͬӦõ鱾֪ʶĸϰСѧν˶͵һѧϰ֪ʶĹҲһҪʱзϰļɡ


ͼͼⷨ

    ԷǰŴ̻ͨͼйͨЩͼ˰ˡ̨ˡӡڰ˺ǵ˼͸죬ʻͼ˼͸ͼͨӾչʾֱݽ֯ͻϢϵͼΡͼͼͻʱͼ⣨ΡκԲΣ͵ͼһοĿĺ͹Ϣһ̶Ͼͼʽ磬ͼͼݽи࣬ͼ˵ӵ˼롣ʹͼ֯˵Ҫ۵㡣6.1ͼĿġ    
    ͨʹͼ͸ӵϢѧ϶ͼһͬӡӵ⡣һѧδͼлϢͻᷢĶʵϱϢ졢ףΪͼ⽫עһṩӾǿ    
    ΪߣӦͼ⣬Է˼롣ĳɹȡаϢϢ˽ĳ̶ȡƪµĿ͸һͼıͱʾչֳ⣬ҲչֳҪı֪ʶгȡЩͼϢ    
    㴦ͼеϢҪͨждԿͼʼҪּɡȣҪΪҪͼ⡣ΪҪǮͼ߻ԱɱӡˢЩͼ⣬ƪͼ⣬һĵڶʶͼҪϸڻص㣬ԼͼԵĿհ״ܽ˼õ⡣ܽͼҪʱԿĵߡģÿṩϢڿǿݶͼ̶Ƚ֤ıʼǱϼ¼Ҫͼλã㽫ѧϰ    
    ͼΣӾչʾ    
    Ƿ񻹼ǵѧϵЬȥ򵥵ĹôѡĶͼ⣬̾ͻȽϼ򵥡Ϊͼ˵˸ӵĸǲͻ֮Ĺϵʹ¼̡ṹϵ˳    
    ͼͨҪдӾ⡣дͨͼбĸ֮ϵ͹ϵͼεıͱʾʶҪõĸ˼Ӿ£visua ciff    
    The visua ciff-a too for studying depth perception-consists of a center board on top of a gass tabe. On one haf of the board, a patterned surface is directy beow the gass, whereas on the other haf of the board the patterned surface is severa feet beow the gass tabe. This gives the iusion of a ciff.    
    Ѿvisua ciff˽⣬ЩʹԻ󲻽⡣ 뿴ͼ6.1ͼл滭˵ȷʹܸõvisua ciffеĸϰ6.1ṩ˶һƪĵﾳеĲͼй۲Ļᡣϰ6.1    
    ͼʵ    
    ͼGass ony ͨGass over patterned surfaceͼĲ Deep sideˣ Shaow sideǳ Foor pattern seen through gassͨͨ۲쵽ͼ    
    Դͬѡԡͯ顷ڶ档J. P.ֶĻ1984湫˾ȨС    
    ͼ    
    ͼһͼʾϢǳӣͷʽﲻ⡣ͼŨϢǰͬͲͬԽбȽϣͨ˳ʱ֯Ϣǿص㡣ͼͼʱһͼαͽѧ    
    ʹñ    
    ʾÿϢ֮ĹϵΪ˱ֱӱȽϣϢ֯кСУңˮƽҳšУϵ£ֱͨҳšʾʾлС


ĶĲ

    1Ķ⡣ݡ    
    2ʶеϢࡣչʾĳԵĴڻȱʾĳԵ    
    3ıʾĿǸڱȽʲôĿԼԱȽϵԡҪסЩĿԣʶǺʱԼη仯    
    4¼κܵơ    
    5㽫۲Ϊƪһ֣ҪͣӦüԤϰ    
    6ĶйضԱ˵ʱһҪڲıǰҪȷñĿġǷϣ¼ʵƣ    
    7صÿ趨ĿĲıеľ岿֡    
    8йرݡȷָҪ͹ϵ    
    ͼ    
    ͼͼʾһӹ̵Ĳ˳򡣼ͷʾᴩù̵·ߡԲȦͼθÿһӦʲôͼҲ˵һЩɲֵ˳ϵͼ6.3 ͼ Դѧ ˹ͱ 1997ڶ档ݱأֵ˼ֶ˹湫˾ͨİţϢʾ֮ĸڡͬں͵ڵĹϵЩͼʾ˳͵ȼϵͼ6.3еͼʾˮͨˮ̡6.3ͼĲ衣    
    ͼ6.3еtranspiration: precipitation: ꣻevaporation: dripping, stem fow: ˮΣsurface poos, etc.: رˮݣȣinfitration: ͸soi moisture:ˮ֣ seepage, percoation: ͸groundwater storage: ˮ洢deep outfow: ˮthrough fa: ꣻinterception by pants: ֲȡoverand fow: ½atera fow: base fow: ײstream fow:    
    Ķʱ    
    һһҪʱ̡Լ֮䷢ÿһ£աҵ񡢻񡢻񽱻ȡЩ¼ʱеʱǱ㹹һʱʱͼⷽʾҪڻ¼ʱ˳ʾͼЩں¼ʱϵʱʾ˳򡣱6.4гʱĲ衣6.4ʾʱĳʷ鷢˳    
    1Ϊͼݣ鿴ȷͼⲢ¼ʼͽ    
    2ͨʶĹԺͲƶϳĳЩƻƵͣ١    
    3㽫ͼΪƪһֹ֣ͣӦüԤϰ    
    4Ķйضͼ˵ʱҪĶͼǰߵĿġǷϣ¼ʵƣ    
    5صͼ趨ĿĹ۲ͼеľݡ    
    6йͼйصĿݡȷָϢ    
         
    1ҪĶʱȿȷиǵĸʱβ¼ʼͽ    
    2ͨʶ¼ĹԺͲƶϳĳЩƻƵͣ١    
    3㽫ĶʱΪƪһֹ֣ͣӦüԤϰ    
    4Ķйضʱ˵ĿʱҪĶʱǰȷߵĿġǷϣ¼ʵƣ    
    5صʱÿ趨ĿĿʱеľݡ    
    6йʱĿġȷָҪ͹ϵ    
    


ַԲͼ

    ͨԲͼճ͡ڱΪԲͼڱƣͨͼ    
    Բͼͼ6.7ֻʾһĿʾĿĹϵвֵܺ͵壬ٷ֮٣԰ٷֱȻͼεһ֡ɫͨʾͼеШ״ɲ֡ԲͼһĲ֣ĳͳһɲ֡ͨϰ6.6ѵԲͼļɡ    
    ָ·ϣһŵͼͼṩ˶άģʽйصַصϢͨδʵؼĵط㿴ͼͨԵñǱʾ½ظʵĵͼڵʷαУʱҲڿѧѧѧα鼮ҵͨݵӾչʾĶͼļԿĵ⡣    
    һοͼĿĵͼҲͼǿαõࡣһοͼͼ6.8ṩһĵϢرص㣨ƽԭɽطԼ֮ľ롢Ϣݻҵķֽߺͳ˿ϢĿĻͼͼ6.9ͻĳص㡣ʾصйصĲͬ仯ĵͼйؿѧݣ纣̺򣩡ĻݣףݣֽߡȨԼݣ֧ͽڣϢ    
    һοͼͣ͡ʾһȻص㡪͡ʾһΪص㡣͵ͼҵϢСݻҷֽйأ͵ͼҵϢɽҪˮ򣨺ͺйء    
    ͼصʾıߣźͼЩ˵ͼĸԣЩ߾ȷṩ˴Ϣʶͼͻص㣬ԱܶǽбȽϡ    
    ڻʵʳߴͬĵͼʵͼԱ趨ıͼڴͼ϶Լıߣʾͼʵʾ֮ı߿ַͨʽʾ    
    šɫȻĻΪγɵϸڡ͸ĵͼȡȫеαġڵͼʾĸַšɫغͼİɵġĵͼĲɲο6.6ϰ6.76.8ṩѵĵͼļɡϰ6.76.8    
    дѧһλҪָҵӻĵ·һֽıʼǱṩϢ1ָͣ2ͼ·ꡢͼȽһṩָΪʲôƵͼͼкβͬ    
    


߼

    Խѧϰ˽Խࡣ    
    ˽Խ࣬ǵԽࡣ    
    ǵԽ࣬˽Խ١    
    ˽Խ٣ǵԽ١    
    ǵԽ٣˽Խࡣ    
    Ϊѧϰ    
    Ƿ֣Ϊʲô֪㲻סвĵϢʱ㻹ѧϰ    
    ʲôʱΪʲôǷĳʱ䣨TMжʧϢȡĸأѧϰȤѧϰĿġʹϢƵʺϢеϵ    
    磬һλΪǳˣͬһһҷĹ档ĸпܼסܶʶģģ˻ȰݷһҷȤļι̡ǸϵôĿҲļ䡣㾭ǸˣͻԶסǸ˵֡㾭ʹ˽Ľһ룬ὫйѻõĶͨǵʶϵȫشϢһǿ䡣    
    ӹ    
    ѧϰ̲Ǽ̡䣬䣬ڲ¬ķķ෨ֻˮƽ෨1956꽨һ˼ĶѶˮƽԺȫԵϵͳͼ7.1ѾڸͲǰ¼סϢ    
    Ѿ֣ѧʹõĲʹȡúóɼѧϰͼ似ͬڴѧγ̵ѧϰȴʹõĳɼͨѧϰܻײĻеļκβΪҪѧӦġȻȱϢ֮ҪϵǶѧγҪ    
    磬ѧγУѧйΪѧѧϰʱסǰԵɲ֡ԡԡԱԵϵͳʹԡҲѧÿһֵĸ͹ܡЩϢ׵ػشѧˮƽ    
    1ʲôԣ    
    2ԵĲֿԶܣ    
    ȻѧˮƽѧϰҪΪѧһ˽⡣ĿԾϣᷢ⣺    
    1һλͬѧɥʧǰԵĲܵһ֢Ϊʲô    
    2һǰԽṹʱļ貢ʾһ˳ۻ    
    3Ϊоѧңһǰÿһֽо⡣    
    4ǰԵĲֶСѧ֪ʶĻӰ죿    
    Ҫشڶ⣬볬Խѧġֻ˽ˮƽﵽ֪ܽʶӦõͬĴѧ˼άˮƽ仰˵ѧҪ˼йֵ⣬ڴѧ˼һȵĲ졣㴦ϢӰϢĳԽ˽⣬Խ㽫ϢϵԽá    
    дѧλ16͵ԱѶ˹֣˵˭ܸļס̨ʶִۡţ˵ֻһ㽲ܱظĻ߽԰°ײҶƻڱʱһֻĸϣͻȻͷ̵ꡪʲôûзˣʵؼ޸ʦƤһˡǲһ˺ͼӶһ˺ռ¬ԼҲڳǸСԲ档ûܼסЩˡһֽıʼǱϣЩѧϰ̵ءǰ֪ʶݡѧϰ֪ʶˮƽӰֲܼסЩ    
    Ϣļӹԭ仯ǿҵȤԸʹȫؼӹ˸롣ĳûʲôȤԸֻܵ±ϵļӹ趨ĶĿĸṩĶĿ꣬ȷҪˮƽṩǿĿꡣ⣬עǳеʱйϢʵ͹ЧġϵԱӦá    
    󣬽ϢѾյ֪ʶı֪ʶϵҲӰӹ̡ʹϢѾ˽֪ʶ֮γɸϵ磬һǲֿϣ16ͳͰ³Լѷ17ͳ˽١һܹǲֿϵ󣨸ߡݡӺ͸߶ɫñܽϵս˹˵ɱʦԭľСľݣȻͬҲһ֣ᷢڰ³Լѷֺʤֿϵͳְλ⣬䲻ʲôÿ˼ĳ̶ֳϷӳ˼ӹȡֿ˽϶࣬Ұϵˣ˽⡢̡Ƚ϶ԣ԰³Լѷûʲô˽⣬ûаѾ˽Ϣϵ԰³Լѷǳ    
    Ϣӹ˺Ĳͬͬѵ֯ϵϢķʽȡ˵ѧϰƫúĿġʦǿԼϢݺҪ    
    


ֲ

    ôѧϰһܹƷĹ̻Ʒǡ֪ʶȡѧϰе֪ʶѧϰĿĺӦеˮƽȻѧϰϵࡣʹñвͬϰϢʱһϵ֯ϢġΪѧϰߣͨ˽ʹѡաʹϢ̵ġϰ7.1۲˽̴ϢҪԡϰ7.1ټĶ    
    ϰ󣬶ѧֻ֣۲Щ˽ӡˢص㣨дʱûмסʲôʡҪĵѺϣϵʱԼסĴʡǴӵࣨ壩мסĴʣΪǶЩϢĴ̡ͼ7.2ʾϰ7.1һʵоĲμҲͨϢͨӾԽԡ˱һʾͨظԸ䡣    
    룺ϵһ     
    ԼأһλʮڵԱݳһӱȥһλŮӢ۵ĸסɹؼס̨ʣԳݵĽɫ֡ū˹ȴѡһλͬºĵؽ롶ʥеġǡϵһ𡣼ع̨ĿʣסңĸסŵףʥġǡΪʲôأ    
        
    1Ƿʹĳ£    
    2ķǷĳϤĴʣĳϤĴѺϣ    
    3˼ʱܷĳ壿    
    4ܷĳЩĸһĸԴʣ    
    5Ƿ֪ĳСϵ    
    6ܷ񻭳һͼϵ    
    7ܷ񽫼ĳϤĵϵ    
    8ܷڸɷ߼룿    
    Ϥ֪ʶҪ֮乹ӡһɣӽԶСĳϤĸʾһҵԼؽҪ롶ʥеһ롣    
    ÿ춼ʹõļСϡ磬ĳ׸еĳʱ䡢¼ĳ˽롣׸ʹ뵽Ƕμ䡣˷ǳͬϤҪ֮㹹ʶϵԣΪʵЧһҪݸ˵С    
    ߼ӡ롢ʻ롢ĸƴʺʫϷϢӡͬ似ɵЧȡҪѧϰϢ࣬ȻҪȡ㡣7.1г˰ѡʺļ似ɵ⡣    
    ߼    
    ʱϢ߼Ի䱾ļ䡣£ıȲּٵЧá磬Ҫ˽й仯⣺ʳ仯Ӱ죬¶ʳʳã仯ʳйصĲϵǣԮĿΪ׼ЩΪĲȥ䡣ЩϵһΪ彫ΪҵĴ𰸡˼һϵЩ߼ϵԵģӪӰϻ¶ǮƲӰӪԮĿṩ㹻Ӫ֪ԼҪʲôʲôԮͿ׼ϻ    
    


ĸƴʺϾ

    ͨϢϳһģʹѧϰü򵥡ϳʹܹԴʵ˽⵽ϢСԼӱ֪ʶṩϢλϵ߼ϵ    
        
    ڴйʱڽо󡣾һȻ̣Ϊ㾭ͼ˼֡磬һ֧ܵÿĸi-c-e/c-r-e-a-m/c-o-n-eǹܵӡζζʹӾʶΪϤϤݡ⣬ͼָܱڲͬش洢ڴУһ£ṩ˽Ϣһ;7.2гЧĽ顣    
    ľ뽫ӦͼһƻͼƬ롰ƻʣϵҲԽĸӦķţһĵͼƬ롰ʣϵҲԽ޹ϵ塢ͨӾչʾϵ磬ס21ͳְɪĳλһľƵĹд21֡ͼƬ㽫ӡߺ21ϵ䰢ɪǵ21ͳ    
    㽫ֽϣһʶĶʶְķͼͨľԼṩ˼ǿظʽϢͼͼһַʱ㲻ѧżסһϸڣǻһҪסϸڵͼ磬Ҫס۾Ĺɲ֡ͼ䡣    
    ĸƴʺϾ    
    ĸƴʻϾԼϵϢĹаĸƴǽϵĿĵһǰĸ϶ɵĴʡRoy G. Bivõĸƴ֮һʺа˳еɫredٻorangeyeowgreenbueindigovioetһʹõĸƴHOMES֣HuronOntarioִMichiganErieձSuperiorһĸƴShomeĸƴʿԲǵʡ䷽һԼʱǻİ    
    ϾҪĿĵһǰĸ϶ɵĴӡ磬George eats od gray rat at Paus house yesterdayȷƴдgeographyע⣬ΪΪϾʹãе﷨ҪȷֻҪ塣(Hot oatmea makes eating sensationa)ĸƴHOMESһʾ֡    
    λ    
    λ䷨׷ݵϣһµ¼˵1970ϣһλʫĦ˹Ҫһʫ, ͻȻһʹ뿪ݡմӷݳȥݶ˶ˡ˵ʬѪģ޷ϡĦ˹ͨλýǱϳͬ㽫һλϵʱ, λͷˡ˵ʱλã¼еΣ¼ҳϰϢͼʾȵȡ    
    ԼҲԴ춨λ䡣ΪһͼһϤ·ȣҪȷͼԵ·ꡣдֽϣʹϵͳʱ󡣵ڶ㽫Ҫ    
    ʵѾȷ·ϵȻͨʵ߻۲ÿطصͼ󡣵㡰·ʱ֮ϵݡ磬סѧԪرѡһϤ·ѧԺͼݵѧҡͨÿһʱһѧԪءȻĽｫ·ͼ󡣵㡰ÿطʱԪء    
    ҹϵͳ    
    ҹϵͳͨһй¹ϴңһϵݡÿҹһݡ㽨һϢҹϵĽϡҹϵͳһͼֱѺϵͼӡ    
    õѺϼɣ    
    1-bun 6-bricks    
    2-shoe7-heaven    
    3-tree 8-skate    
    4-door9-ine    
    5-hive10-hen


ּԵ

    趨ԼѺϼɣҪСġҪѡѺϴʱСġʹƵĸ磬4ʾdoor8ʾgateеskate,ţϢϵ̫ܼܲ֡⽫ڱºϸۣΪˣҪ֤ĹҹҪʵҪءҪԾٵʹá磬ҪӰĸϵͳѪܡߺ֪ܡ԰·䣺    
    1 һƬBUNʳ¹    
    2ѪһźɫȣŴһֻ״ЬSHOE    
    3 ԼTREEϣôĻʿ    
    4֪ ͷһתţDOOR    
    Լ֪жϢҹϵͳʹ㲻Ŀܡ    
    Ϸ    
    һЩķϢһϷļһҪϢл˼һϷڶṩʹȤ̼෱࣬ϷҪôҪôӡ    
    ΪʹƷ׼䣬ʶѺϺɵļֵѺϺҲʹҪݱڼ䡣õİƴдѺϺСI before E except after C or when sounded ike A, as in neighbor or weigh    
    ˫ͷһЩĬƵĴʻ㡢ʫ»˫ĳʻĬʹãʾϵ˼̻ͨ򻬻ģƷ顣˫ͷĬҲ֪Ƿһʹѧϰ̱øӾȤ磬ҪnumismatistsǮղߣĺ塣Իģº׶԰ѺʫFour and Twenty Backbirds԰ѹǮݣcounting houseǮcounting a his moneyѺʫThe numismatistwas in his counting house, counting a his money㻹һ˫˵two numismatists getting together for od dimes sake    
    ˴ļ似䡣ļһǳõӾ9ĳ˷ļɡ7.3ҲԼơ磬һѧ֪skimmingscanning𡪾ʹõеĸʾĿġskimmingеmiʾҵmain ideasĿġscanningеanʾҵ answersĿġϰ7.2ṩʹòͬĸķмѵϰ7.2    
    Ե    
    Ƿ˵ɡĳЩȷģ֡ѧϰϲɣܱãpermanentڳʱ(TM)⣬ڴӳʱԶػָЧ䡣ͨӾ壬ʹϢӾʵͨĬϢʵͨڽŵġͷѼʽѧϰʵڵظϢѧ۵ʱʵ漰дͼʽϢʵõĽΪǰĴ̡κѧϰһԽز룬ѧԽࡣ    
    ʵԲöʽʹõʱ䡢ѧϰȺͷʽͬͬѡĳʵʱӦÿѧϰĿĺЧѧϰķʽѡַʽ㶼ĳ̶ֳظЩѧݡ    
    ѧϰ    
    ǷйľϲĹ㲥ĿʱͻȻһ̨ĽĿĽĿšҹϵͳе4/door8/gateʱüԵʱȻͲƵʱҲܷµġͻϢӰ˱֪ʶԷ˸šöϸڵļȶԴļƻ̶ȸ    
    дѧټ˹άŮǰʱ˵˹Ǹţ ˹ش𵽣Ҳɣ¡ǰǸ๤һֽıʼǱϣ˹ĻشǺ˼˵ѧϰǿŶǿ๤    
    ŷԭһµϢѴϢѴϢµϢ磬ѡйѧѧĿγ̡Щγ̵еƣŸпܷͨѧϰԱ⡣    
    ѧϰɽеġммЪġʱѧϰɡַҲֶϰͨʱ䣨15ӣ3ҳΧ趨ѧϰĿꡣʵЩѧϰĿԼһʱ䡣ɢȵϡѴ绰ַڽϢɳʱ䡣    
    ѧϰжԭȣѧϰ̿ѧϰоʽ漰ΪѧϰͻѧB.F.˹ɵоݡ˹öеоУֵʳʱǻشáѧϰеļ϶ΪһʱѧϰĽڶһʱѧϰѧϰ֪ԼһʱȥѧϰһἤѧϰڹʱļޣԼЪṩʹϢճɳʱʱ䡣ģѧϰӵġ໥ϢʱѧϰЪʹƵϸڡΪָţѧϰʱ֮˯һﵽõЧѼʽѧϰΪκٱһַõʵʽԭ


Ԥϰ

    Ԥϰ    
    ۵ѧϰԶĶĻǰԤϰԤϰҪĿĳѾ˽ʲôԤϰҲṩһʵʽΪҪĶѧϰǰϢܻϢӡ    
        
    ˭ǿֶͳʱڵĸͳM*A*S*H*ʲô˼д51 ܷشЩ⾺еҪȡڶԺܾǰõϢļ䡣ȡʹõϢϢʱڼкѣܣҵΪѾܳʱûʹˡûʹã㲻ǵϢ֮йصϸڡĳϣþڼ䡣    
    ʹñзͨġͷĻʽظо⡣ЩԿġʦԼˣеĵһҵѧϰϰ⡣ΣĶоϢԻشЩ⡣𰸡ģʹĿĻʼǼ𰸵׼ȷԡ̱֤ϢʼĹСϢתɳʱ䡣    
    ѧϰСѧϰ    
    һѧϰСṩһʹѧϰʵ̶Ǳʵ̡һСԱ֮以ԷĽ⣬ʹʹӾĸоЩйӡһ𣬲ڻѧϰ̣ڽϢתΪʱ䡣⣬СҲԱѧϰԡڳԱȥ׼μѧϰۣܴﵽĿġ    
    ѧϰСѧϰϢСԱһЩϰһֶܲϢѧϰͼ䣬Ķ塢ֻڱ⣬СԱѵĳЩɣѧѧ֯ӻ׻ϢСԱˮƽйؿԵ⣬ṩӦԼɵѵٶԿԵĿ־塣    
    עģСѵķڶСͷϢԱܻԶдܵѵ淽ʽشѣҲҪѵʽϢļɡ


ֳѧϰ

    1ڼ¼ϵгÿĿ1 ֳɿɲĵλÿλ35ĿȡϵѶȡ    
    2ѧϰǰſƬ2ͨͷϰѧϰһ顣    
    3ټһš3ټһ顣    
    4ͷϰſƬ4ͷϰ⼸顣    
    5ټһš5ظ34ֱϤĿ    
    6ͷϰſƬ    
    7Ϥõһ¿Ƭ    
    8ϰſƬ    
    9ظ78ֱϤĿ    
    ѧϰ    
    ѧϰصѧϰʺֵϢʵʽһο󣬾Ϳʼǿ䣨Tenney, 1986磬ҪסʷһʮĿɵıñ7.4ַ֮һ    
    Ѽʽѧϰ    
    ڿԵǰһϡ㻹12ûжǰһڵĿûϣһλѵıʼǡźǣѵıʼûмǺá    
    ô죿Ϊ˿ѼʽѧϰѼʽѧϰָǷġһӣʱһҹѧϰǼ䡣ѧϰȡȫʤΪû㹻ʱϢ䵽õȡѼʽѧϰ߳ϢˣӵߣﵽٵĳʱЧѼʽѧϰЧ͵ѧϰ֮һ    
    ǣǿǰһϣĻ12ûжô죿õĶעʹSQ3RŬ5£Ķеƪ½ܺܽῪʼЩΪṩŨϢܻƪ¸Ҫͼ٣£ԿϢϵЩݣǷ֧ƪеĸЩᱣ֤ȡúóɼֻһ˽Ѽʽѧϰ    
    


һ۲Լʽ۲

    ͬһҪڿʱȡóɹҪһ׵ABC(abiity)Ϣ(breaks)(courage)˵ǣһжǿԻõġɹӦ˽͹ۿԣҪѧӽʦ趨ѡѡ𰸣˽ۿԣҪѧӲд´𰸣֡ڿζųϢʱ䣬ڿʱܿ塣Ҫ㹻ΪһɹӦߣҪֲܹЧư濼ԳֵѹԷABCǻһᵽABC(abiity)Ϣ(breaks)(courage)Ҳ޶߿ԳɼĻҪֲ̽μۿԵһԲԣʽ۲ԵرԺͿƿѹšھҪֿ̽͹ۿԡѧԡӦÿѧԡĩԵĲԡ    
    ԾϷд֣дµһš1˺һָ1š1֮ҾһĪչˡ˹١𼪶ʮӢ    
    Ҫ׼ԣҪ˽⿼ԵݡΪԾονʦ⣬ʦݵҪϢԴΪʦϣѧȡúóɼǻشڿݺͿʽ⡣ʦ㿼ۺԿԣѧڿʼڵݣǷۺϿԣֻϴοԺ󽲹ݣҪͨԣ׼ǲģҪһЩرӦԼϤϰõ֪ʶԿ׼öô֣㶼Ӧʹһ±8.1ᵽһӦԼɡ    
    ۿԵһ㽨    
    ۿҪ˽ҪʽЩĴ𰸲ҪҪ㻹Ҫ֤ҪʵһҪԼԹ۵ķۺϣҪֶ֪ʶáۿԵʽ⡢ʽĿգ8.2ȡ μۿԣ˽ϸıҪԼӦԼġ    
    PROPE: ΪۿԶѧϰ    
    ܶѧΪԼдȱĶۿ㷲ѧϰƻͨϰддˮƽѧϰƻPROPEƻ5裺Ԥ⣨predict֯organizeϰrehearsepracticeԼۣevauate1986ڿǰʵPROPEѧϰƻͿԤֵܳĿ֯ù۵㣬ҵԡ    
    μӿԵһ㲽    
    1׼þߣǦʣֽţ    
    2׼ʱ    
    a.ǰҪͬѧۿԵ顣ǵǺ͵ĻĽǸС    
    b.ˣͿܴҪĿͷ˵ԼҲеæﲻȷʵˣȷһ£һ˼·вĵطʦ    
    3ҪμһѵĹʽ裬õԾд    
    4ȿһԾҳֵĲ졣һ»شʱ䣬ֵߵĿӦ໨Щʱ䡣    
    5ҪءϸĶҪ󡣲μӿʱܶѧҪ󣬵Ҫ˵ܵԼд𰸵ݡûаҪдôʹгȷ𰸣һЩ޵ʦǲֵġ    
    6ҪеҪͲ»ߡ    
    7Ȼش⡣ǿĻϢļ䡣ͬʱ䵽˶ûд꣬ѾԼܹش⡣    
    8Ҫļϰ׵⡣ʱٻЩ⡣     
    9ܵĻҪŹÿһ⡣۷֣²е͹Ĵ𰸡    
    10Ҫܼˡ    
    11Լٶȴ⣬ͬѧ뿪ңҪġ    
    12ʱɣҪһʹȷԼĿȷд    
    13ЩͬѧΪһӡҪһԼһԾԼĶ˶٣Ĵ˶٣ȽϺϡ    
    


ۿʽ

    СĿ    
    ԱȽ϶ԱȰ򡤵ϽɭġΪ޷ֹϣضġƻ衱    
    ̻ش    
    Ҫˮѭ    
    ⷶ    
    ʹá񡱺͡ơֲͬбȽϵ޴Ǹǡ    
    ʹԤĿûڿĿг֣PROPEƻҲװ˷ʱ䡣Ҫ¼ԭģһʹԤĿг룬ȴֳܿӦݡڶԼϰͲشԼûԤ⵽⡣дϰţдҪѭPROPEƻĸ裬ҪشһϵⲢҪɸ裨8.3    
    Ծֺ󷢻ʱҪжʦһ۽бȽϣҳͷ⣬ԼĳԷӣԱΪ´οԶѧϰԼPROPEƻѧϰϡѧϰϼԹοʹáϰ8.1ṩ˹Ԥⷽϰ(ϰ8.1)    
    μۿ    
    ϹѧԤưкܴơǡһϴѧʮ˽ʽĿĴ⼼ɣνʱһЩõӶ磺۵ĽǶ֮̽ƺһ־ԾõĿȵȡЩɣʱʹûоʵҲѳɹһ롣    
    Դáˡ    
    ڡáⱾУ֮ΪԤѧڴѧԤõơѧ˲μۿԵļ  ͬҲѧϰһżܡ    
    شʽĿʱҪһЩӦԷرǡΪشĿͬ԰ĿдСһҪöĹԵһ㲽裨8.1ҪһҪѭ⣬Ҫء    
    ʽ    
    ԼѧʱӢķε龰ǵ־ǳ䣨гʾ䣨⣩ʹ䣨Լ̾䣨ʾУʽĿηһҪԭĿõʹ䣬Ϣʦһ㲻ЩŻ㡣ʦͨЩһķȷ˼ص㡣8.4еǰʾԵͬһݣÿʶҪòͬķʽ˼һ⡣ٿһµ͵⡣ͬǰһǲԵͬݡƺûôˣʵϻǷӳ˵һݡһ⾡ΪƽͣȴҪ˼ǿĴһ˵ԼĻĿرԼѹǿĿ⡣ԭʱһҪԭص㡣ϰ8.2ǹԤʽĿϰ


PROPEѧϰƻĸ

    ǰ죺    
    Ԥ    
    شԤ⿼ݣ    
    ԷΧʲô    
    ۺԿԻǷۺԿԣ    
    Թ⣿    
    Ƿ漰Ӧã    
    βԵķռĩĶ٣    
    ʲôʱԣ    
    Ķԣ    
    ҪΪ׼ʲôϣ    
    شԤʽĿ    
    ʱʦصǿЩݣ    
    ̲ǿЩݣ    
    ЩȳԤϰֳڿκĸϰѧϰָУ    
    ʱʦЩǿ    
    ʦᵽҪڿгֵ⣬ҪԤ顣    
    ǰ:    
    ֯    
    ش֯ݣ    
    Ϊ˻شԼƵ⣬ʹֽṹã۷ӡо١˳򡢶ԱȡȽϣ    
    ֯ݵѷʲô ١ʾͼʼǿƬͼ    
    شһĹؼʲô    
    ЩݿΪصĸϺأ    
    ϢҪĶ̲ġӡϡαʼǻǲĶϣ    
    ϰ    
    ͨشϢļ䣺    
    Ҹ䷨ϰϢļ䣿ĸƴʡϾ䡢Ϸȵȣ    
    ÿҪѧϰ೤ʱ䣿    
    ʲôʱѧϰ    
    ѧϰʱη䣿    
    Ķѧϰ    
    бҪҸĶͬѧϰС / ѧϰأ    
    ûԼѧϰʱгͻĻ    
    һЩЭĶ    
    ͨѧϰʶϰʹðĶͨдͷϰ    
    ǰһ:    
        
    ƾϰдԼĴ𰸡    
        
    شԾܿ͹۵Լ𰸵    
    Ҵʵ    
    ҵĴǷһԲ֣    
    ҵĴܽ    
    ҵĴ֯    
    ǷеҪ㣿    
    ҵĴ𰸰صϸں    
    ʹùɴ    
    ҵСǷ׶    
    ƴд﷨    
    Ĵ𰸶Ƿ񶨵ĻҪϰشЩ⡣ظPROPEѧϰƻĺĸ׶ΣĴ𰸶ǿ϶Ϊֹ    
    


ʹòͬʴʵʽⷶ

    1սڼ䣬սʤӢۺá    
    2ԱȲȽϸսڼӢĹ    
    3չʷڸսеľá    
    4۸սá    
    5ͬӢеĸսڼ䣬μ / ʤģ    
    6ڸսڼ䣬Ч / Чʵµԭʲô    
    7Լޡ˹׼½ºҪΪδװδǣ    
    شʽĿ    
    ʽĿĴҲӰ쵽֯д𰸵ķʽЩѧʦҪֻ֮ܽԼĶ顣ʹҪۻܽᣬȻЩѧʵг8.5ʴʼ˼ά档Ҫסֻедȷʱддٲ塣ˣ׼ȷػشǺҪġΪȷ˼άص㣬һ±֮ǰٶһĿʱҪѹؼʼ»߲תԼԡ󣬼һȷʡ    
    ĴвҪ⣬ҪѡһԼ˼άСⷶΧд֮ǰӦѴгٻҪгʱҪ٣Ͳ©ҪϸڡΪȷĿشʽĿҪһԲܹ֡סʦעĵԾǺõĵԡҪס, ʦҪĺܶԾˣĴԽʵõķԽߡԲӦҪݡ    
    ʽ𰸵һ־ģ𰸵塣һ㰴ʱ˳緢ĵģĵ緢ģ / Ŀ裨ֲ嵽ֲ֯ڸַҪȡʴʺдĿġд֮Ҫжһ´𰸵    
    жϴĵһ׼˼άһ龰۵ٶıⲻʦͲõõķ㡣ĸģ۵͸дĴȴһ¶Ҫȷ𰸵Ҫõʻ㼰䷨ṹҪͨĹ۵㡣    
    һôı׼㻹Ҫһ´𰸣Ƿ׼ȷ;ȷı׼׼ȷָȷȷָС⣬㻹Ҫһ¹ԣϢǷءҪһ壬ݵҪԡ󣬿һ´𰸵ĹȡȺԡдʱҪԼյϢάͼƽͼһȵĴǸˮƽĸ˼άĴҪԼյĵһϢϢһۺԵĻ档    
    ĵһǽۡһԽʹ𰸵ĽЧдͼһ˵۲ҪʦдͼԣԼʵɵģ    
    ʱҪÿķֵʱ䣬ҪУԺӦ¼ʱ䣨˵ĳʱƵʱ䳤ÿеĹؼҵȵĹɴʣҲڹ۵ϵ֪֪ÿĴ𰸣ӦŴһ¡ʱ䲻ԽʣĴи٣Ա˽⿼ݣдһִԵõһ    
    㻹Ӧ跨ʦ㡣شʽĿʱκζҪʹĴҪӡдʱҲҪܵࡣøд˿ɶԣṩдռ䡣Ĵ𰸰ҳӦøÿҳҳ룬ʦͿ˽һ˼ҳϡĴ𰸰ҳҳӦɡһҳҳڶҳҳҳҳҳҳ󣬻Ҫһƴд﷨ӽṹԼĲ֡    
    8.1˻شʽӣкõӣҲвӡǵĲĶأõĴ𰸿ʼһָɭ֢֢״ڶ仰ָ˸ò֢״͵ľ仰ָ˵һҪ֢״͵仰ָɭ֢ĵڶҪ֢״仰ָ˵Ҫ֢״һ仰ܽЩ֢״仯Ӱ졣    
    ڶ𰸳ҲݲҲǡƺһɭ֢һ˽ѧƷȱȷشһҪʵϢϸ鿴֮ǻּᷢȱ㣺һ͵ڶԿ䣬ֻеָɭ֢ﻹд󣩡ľûаɭ֢Ϊ񾭼ȴɭ֢׸ȺһƺԽܽᣬг˽֢״ۡ    
    һҲһõĴ𰸣ǷǳԶ׼ġƵʹá֢״һڸԼɭ֢֢״֪һڶ͵ǳΪģܲɹľָɭ֢һ֢״ǲʹ󡣾˽ֻͨܵӰ죬ȴ֪岻ʱڰ˾͵ھžָ˶жΣӰ죬ȴ㲻⾿ָ彩Ӳ֢״˶컺֢״һ仰ͼһ仰Ҫ۵жܽᡣ


ʽĿ𰸵ķ

    ⣺ָɭ֢֢״    
    1    
    ɭ֢һ񾭼ҪΪ𽥷仯֢״˶컺ɭ֢ʼ׶ʮֻ˼Χ˶ѷ֣֢״ƣͼ΢ʹɭ֢ĵһ֢״ǵ岻ʱһֻֿʼġԣ²СڶҪ֢״ǽָ⽩ӲԵ˶ٻ󣬵Ʊ˶˶ٻһ׶ҪΪ˶컺޷˶Ҳɵ޷˶޷ظ˶ջγ沿ڱκʶڳԡ֢״ı쵼ɭ֢йصĶֲм    
    2    
    ɭ֢һӢڿҽղķʿɭֵġдһƪΪ̱ģƪ۲֢״ɭ֢֢״ʶ⽩Ӳ˶ٻ޷˶Ϊò漰壬ɭҽòΪҪǴԹ¡ɭ֢Ӱ쵽  Ůͯ͸֢״ۺܶ࣬ϵԭѹ񾭴ƻԭȡ    
    3    
    ɭ֢һֿµļӰ쵽ɰǧˡɭ֢к֢ܶ״һ֢״ǲЩ˶ú˵ֶòһ֢״ǲ޷ƶ¥ݺ·ѡˣЩ֢״ǳ¡    
    ϰ8.38.4ϰ޸ļشʽĿѵϰ8.38.4    
    μʽۿ    
    ûб ղķʿ鹹ĶʮӢ    
    еۿԶر𣬵ʦʱһЩʽۿ㡣ǻڿԹʹý̲ģƺܼ򵥣Ծؼȥƺ򵥣ͷشڿ˭Цô룬ЩԶۿԸ򵥣Ҳѡ෴ЩԽҪ㻻ʽѧϰ    
    Լκҵ    
     ˹ڵĹμӿԣ鱾    
    μӿκҵԣԼĶ    
    Լκҵ̫ˣе㲻ġܻЩԸҪѧϰʵϣЩͬʽĿҪѧϰʽԵָԭҲʺϿԼκҵԣ⻹ʺϵĲԡ8.6ܽ˲μӿԵĲ衣    
    ԼѸٲϢ֯ϢԼϵϢͬʱԼĶٶȼϢٶȡˣƺЩ׼ֵѧμӿǰҪѧϰһԭѧϰ֣ͻڿ⼰Ҵʱ˷Ѻܶ࿼ʱ䡣


ֲμӿԵĲ

    1Ϥ̲ġڽҪƪ¼ҪʽҪƪ¶Ҫǡ    
    2ʼǡע̲ĵķʽעʼǡ    
    3ͻ̲ĺͱʼеҪ    
    4ѧʹĿ¼ԱѸٲϢ    
    5дϢǴȷĳݣһҪѽ̲ĵԭд    
    6ʹӦõĿԲԡ    
    κҵʽҲǼϢ֯ϢԼϵϢκҵʽеƴдǷǳҪģڿԲڿڽеģֿԿԸؼ֪ʶ    
    ڿκҵʽͬʱ֯ɺдܣӦرעдݵĳȺȣҪشʦ⡣Ϊ㹻ʱ䣬ԣӦþܱ޹صϢͬʱΪʱܳ㣬ĴһҪȫ档𰸹ڼֿԵĴɡⷽĿǣʱ㲻Ҫƴд﷨Ҫԡ    
    󲿷£κҵʽԶΪ˱ÿԵѹһ棬ԼĽ࿼Ҳȱ㣬ʱˡϵһ׼ÿͬѹҴҲӰ졣    
        
    ԼȿԵУҲ༶ͬʱСЩǿģ˵ͨݽԡС۵ȱʽ졣μĿԣӦǰ˽һ¿ԵҪĿʽһۿԴͬС졪 ˽⿼ԵҪݣľһֿ֪ԽֳͬԽ˵ʦоĳѧ⣬Ȼڿ棬شʦͬѧĹڱֵ̽⡣    
    ֳֵĿԲʾ˽֪ʶ, ʾܹ֤֪ʶҪ׼ĿԣҪ̲ĺͿñʼǣȷʦصǿݺͱ׼ʱͿ԰ʦĲص㡣ڶ, ͬʱҲǱõķ, ǷϰϰԹϰЧҲʹӸδĳ㲢ҪΪ˿Եű˵ϰȷкôйڰԴµĽǶʶЩҪߡҲڣҲʹþӣҲʹ¼Լϰ¼Ա˻ԼвЩμҪʱġ    
    ΪҪ濼Եݣ԰һۿԵķʽ׼⣬Ҫע棺һҪϰش⣬ͻϰԼش⡣ǰᵽϰɻĿ׼ڶϰڻش֮ǰҪͣ˼һ¡ܼ򵥣ȴ䵱ʱ͸𰸡ܶѧش𡰲֪һЩ¡صĴ𰸡ҪӦͣһ£ȷ⣬ٿһ¸ҪʦͣӦ˵Ϊ˼ʲôʦǷȷͣƬ̣Ȱһ飬˽ش𰸡ԼĻشûаգһ¡شҿЩ䣿󣬿Ҫͬѧ⼰ǵĻشǡ׼ȷ    
    ֿҪҪ׼Ҫ׼һ⡣Ҫ׼ĿԣҪǰϰԺ濼ԵϰԽ    
    


ֿƿԽ

    СϴѧʱΪѧλѹղظ,Ȼ¡ҽ˵ԣѧλԼ    
    оѧѹҲ⡣ĸı䣬ټϵǰ״У԰ĶֻӰ㣬ѹ8.7гʮǰѧΪǴѹʮءЩǸѧѹҪءܷõѧλʱʱӰÿһѧʱеѧеš ϰ8.5ҪдԼѹʮءϰ8.5    
    ǰӦѹ    
    һ˵ǰӦԼɣƼɣҪͨϢӪ彡˵,ǰһ˯þԵ첻ҪԷҲҪʳҪ׼ӦԼٵκοԡѧϰۻƣΪʳ,עἯеԼ,޷еԻشϡҲΪܴ巽,ҪеҪ,ԱڿʱЧؿԼ    
    ʱӦѹ    
    ´ѧѹ10Ҫ    
    1ҵ    
    2μѧƿ    
    3ҵĹģ    
    4Է̫    
    5ҵ    
    6ϳ    
    7ҵѹ    
    8    
    9Եļ    
    10ҵ     
    Դ˹  ˹ 1989ѹӦԷڡߵȽо뷢չڰڣһҳ    
    ʱͣ15Ӳѹһ֤ȳƣͿƽϢ񾭣滺ԡڶַӦÿԲԡ˵ȻشԼ⣬Լͷ۵һ£ѹʱѹĵַÿԵʽĴŲʱʦģ϶ҰοҲڿѹμڶ£    
    ķڶŴ𰸲ϣİѹֵ֢״ĿԲĺȵȶܵ¿ԹиۡҪ˷ľ״̬ձ8.8гĸֽ顣Щǣоԡ    
    Ұο    
    1һܲǵΣ    
    ұشʲô⣿    
    Եʲô⣿    
    ˽ⷽϢ    
    ģҲûá    
    2Բ    
    ҿԻش⡣    
    С    
    һδһ⣬ҿԴ    
    Ҫź£ֻԼ¡    
    3Ҫɡ    
    עҪشĵһʲôҪԵҪʲô    
    źܿͻȥ    
    ⲻʲôص¶    
        
    4ǿԼӦԲԡ    
    ãһشе⡣¸ҵ⡣    
    ûô⡣    
    ԼԼܿЩܿѹ    
    Դͬ⣬ȫѡMJ CEɭġҿƣ˵¼DH÷ Rϱġٴԡ³˹ / ƶ˾1974꣬ȨС    
    дѧҳһܸѹ龰ܹսʤѹҰο仰дһŰֽϻʼǱϡ


ֿӦѹ

    ˵deja vu(ʶ)һʣ˼˳һĳȴĸоԿҲˡҪԵǵȺõҪȥʶĸоһĿù    
    ĵһӦҲһ۷ѸٿһʦȻԾˡصĻ˵ǡȦˡ⣬ȴõ෴ӦöԵһԼϲѧϰһԾͷʦκҪԾջأҪڿһԾԼı֡ҪʱԣԸʦԼʱ䡣ʹиõĶ´οԵķ    
    鷢صԾʱҪĶеͽ顣ͬʦĿͰͽһ¡вͬд¿ʡ    
    ڶһ޶ȷĳԼСķΧڡķȻƶһƻ丶֮ʵ    
    Ҫ跨ȥõ˵İڿԷ棬ԴӺܶطõȻǲԵġʦа칫ʱ䣬ȫһʱ䡣ȥѧУдĻѧϰȥҲԼѧϰС顣ƸҽһְķԲʧΪһֺ÷ַ㶼Ҫõѧ֪ʶõõõķ    
    ԾѧӸþѧĶ͸õԼ뷨׼ſεһοԡԴĸ֣һʦ̸̸Ծ˵ͬʦЩһЩϢĽ´οԵķԼʵĲ֣ҪʦԽ͡ʦеĽͶ׼´οԡʦҲܸƼһЩõķһѧϰ    
    ڶıжϡʱԼʩӵѹʹԼšԽԼĳſγ̵Ŀ궨λΪBCҲǶԼҪ󡣲ԼAı׼Ҳѹ    
    ıԵǰķӦҲ˵ͨĳЩŸпԱѹ˵ڴ˯žԼԵķȥ򣬻Ϊһο׼ʲô㶼ջҪȥͿԵõĶһеƣ룬ܿ˯ѧϰˣΪΪÿ׼ĴҲ˯Ϊ֪ϴοԿô㶼ȡ˻Ĳδ    
    ģıλսԳˡҲ˵оĳſγ̫࣬ԷսԳֻԵġʱĺˡʹʱ俼һԼԼĿԼѧҵ״ָ޷ͨſγֻ̣ʾ㽫ڸʵʱѡſΡ    
    еĿԣۿԣҪضʱ㾡ȫҪҲǲأ    
    


ֿ͹ۿԣѧ

    ͼҳһǡҵĹҪעԼõѰҲԡ    
    ҵǿûҵٹ۲²1/4ҵǣôʲôĲģڱ¸ϰĺ棩޽ܡ¿ڡпӵβһϰ˵ϰĿľ㶮ҵ֮ǰһҪ˽ʲôҪҵǣҪҪҵʲôġǿͨǣҲǴ֮ǣҲֿ־߽ǣǿ˹չ˾ǡҲɴСɰɫɵģҲɺɫɵģҲɺڰֹͬɵġ仰˵Ҫҵǣ⣬ҪڼʱϳҪƻ߾ȫ׼ȷؽ⡣    
    ͹ۿҪӸѡнѡΪ͹ۿԿԺܿضԴϽвԣֺףʦǾп͹ۿԡ͹ۿԵͰѡ⡢ж󣨲μ9.1ЩѧΪ͹ۿԲַƫ˿ԸƽؼǵʦһЩ𰸹ѡԿ͹ۿԸЩμӿԵһ㲽裨μڰ±8.1ۿԣͬҲڿ͹ۿԡ    
    μӿ͹ۿʱҪʦѡѡȷĴ𰸡ѧϰ棬պι̣Ϳص㿼ʵһѡԲҲ㾡ѡȷĴ𰸡    
    ׼κοԣҪ֪Ŀγ̶ڼУˣѧϰƻʮֱҪˡͬPORPEμڰ£һPOSSE[ƻpan֯organizeţschedueѧϰstudyۣevauate]һְȷѧϰĿ꣬ƶƻʵĿϵͳҪ˽POSSEĸ裬شһϵ⣬ɸ׶εĸ裨μ9.2ͷشЩʹȫͶ⣬ҲԱ©ĵ⡣Դӽѧ١ʦĿþеõܶ𰸡һЩʹѧϰȱ㡣δĿгɹҪȡ㴦ЩǷϸ⣬ǰһܿʼPOSSEѧϰƻҲҪִPOSSEѧϰƻͻʹԼѧϰʱŬЧá    
    ϰ9.1ʹPOSSEѧϰƻ׼ԣ׼ǵ13ʾ¡ ϰ9.2ȽPOSSEPORPEѧϰƻϰ9.19.2    
    9.2 POSSEĸ裺شи    
    ƻ    
    ش⣺    
    ԷΧЩ֣    
    ۺԿԻǷۺԿԣ    
    ԵʽǶѡ⡢ж󣬻ƥ⣿    
    Ը͵٣    
    ԻЩҪӦϢ˼ά    
    οռĩĶ    
    ʲôʱУ    
    Ķԣ    
    ΪӦԣҪ׼ʲô    
    ֯    
    ش⣺    
    ԤЩݽڿУ    
    ҸѧϰЩϣ̲ģӡϣαʼǣĶϣԾ    
    Щ϶ԣЩѧϰ䷽Чѣ    
    ǷҸѧϰС鹲ͬѧϰ    
    Ѳռһ    
    һЩЭѧϰͼĶ    
        
    ش⣺    
    ǰһжʱ䣿    
    ΪοҪʱѧϰ    
    ÿѧϰ೤ʱ䣿    
    ʲôʱѧϰ    
    ηѧϰʱ䣿    
    Ķѧϰ    
    бҪҸĶͬѧϰС / ѧϰأ    
    ûԼѧϰʱгͻĻ    
    趨һʱ䰲ű    
    ѧϰ    
    ÿѧϰ֮󣬻ش⣺    
    ǷѧϰˣǷͨͿͷķʽѧϰˣ    
    ڰѧϰʱʱǷܿ˼źƣ    
    ѭԼճ̰ΪʲôҸôЩ    
    ҵѧϰЧΪʲôҸôЩ    
        
    ԾԺͼ9.1ϵļ鷢Ծ    
    ش⣺    
    гĸ / Щģʽ    
    ͵ҳࣿ    
    Ϊ⽫Щ⣬ҸεԼѧϰƻ


ֲμӿ͹ۿ

    ѡ񡱽ϰб˹ɭĹ¡ֻǵĹ˿ǣˡɭѡ񡱾ָΨһѡ񡣲μӿ͹ۿʱĿǴʦѡѡΨһĴ𰸡ҪҳȫشʦǸѡѾѿ׼úܺãҳΨһ𰸲סҪÿŴڶѡѡȷĴ𰸡пԷĲԸṩӦԸֿ͹ۿ׼ȷԡ    
    ԷĲ    
    ĲԼ㿼Է֪ʶԲҪ˽йص֪ʶ𰸿ͨԼȷ    
    ֮úĴƽ֣滹˾忼ԲԵĽ͡밴Ҫ⡣    
    ѡ    
    ֵÿ2    
    жѡȷ𰸼»ߡ    
    1SQ3R    
    a.һѧϰƻ    
    b.һֿԡ    
    c.һſγ̵Ĵ롣    
    d.϶ǡ    
    2μӿʱӦȼ    
    a.õǦʡ    
    b.е⡣    
    c.ĿҪ    
    d.ʦĿҪ    
    3жԱ׼ĶԵһȷ    
    a.׼ĶԲҪرӦԼɡ    
    b.ԵĿȥһĴĿǱ׼ĶԵķ    
    c.׼ԶԲ¡    
    d.׼ԶǲʱĿԡ    
    4ʱһ㲻ףӦ    
    a.Ѱ͡    
    b.һ⡣    
    c.ӽ̲вҡ    
    d.ʦ͡    
    5_______пҵѡ    
    a.͹ۿԡ    
    b.ѡ⿼ԡ    
    c.ʽԡ    
    d.и    
    e.ֻab    
    6治ѧϰƻһֵǣ    
    a.Ƶظϰ    
    b.˵ıʼǡ    
    c.½ڽܽᡣ    
    d.Ķҵ    
    7μĩ֮ǰӦиеһ    
    a.ϰѧϰʼǡ    
    b.Ū忼Եص㼰ʱ䡣    
    c.ȷۺԿԻǷۺԿԡ    
    d.ýš    
    8þ    
    a.ڵĶ    
    b.һְʾ    
    c.׽ġ    
    d.֤һ˵    
    9ô׶    
    a.ŦԼС    
    b.衣    
    c.̫    
    d.˹    
    10SQ3Rѧϰƻ_______2040ģ    
    a.˹ޱѷ    
    b.Ρʢ١    
    c.ΡWʲ    
    d.˹иײ    
    11ʵȷҩǷЧĶԻѧ    
    a.ҩ    
    b.ƵҩƷ    
    c.ҽҩ    
    d.ο    
    12ĵͳ    
    a.ֶ١ݶ˹Լѷ    
    b.֡ŵ˹    
    c.·ظ¡B˹    
    d.˹ѷ    
    ж    
    ֵÿ5    
    ÿǰȷ    
    ________ 1.Ӧܻشÿοеÿһ⡣    
    ________ 2.еĿԶۺԿԡ    
    ________ 3.Ҫһѧϰ    
    ________ 4.ڸʱڣЩ̫ꡣ    
    ________ 5.вܲǲȷĿ    
    ________ 6.ĿҪ󲻿νҪ    
    ʽ    
    ֵÿ4    
    شи⡣    
    ѡظʹá    
    _____1. Ρʢa.һѧϰƻ    
    _____2. SQ3Rb.ѡ    
    _____3.͹ۿԵc.    
    _____4.ۿԵd.ͳ    
    _____5.һƻ    
    


ִ𰸼ԷĲ

    ԷĲڼԼĿԼɡʱϰĲ水ҪǺҪġԤϰ˿ݣʶжѡҪȱ͵ĿԶöࡣѡķֵ͡ڶѡⷽʱ࣬Ϳ޷ɷֵߵĿ⡣    
    һҪϸҪ⡣ûбѡĴ𰸣ǾشжʱûдĵʶֻдĸҲҪҪõһеĴдߵĿհ״    
    κѡһ㶼Ƴƻ׻ѡֻҪпܾȲѡԼĻش⡣ȻҳԼͬѡ    
    Ŀԭ򲢲ѧϰͱȴʹųѡĲ²⡣Ҫԭбֱ    
    ѡ    
    һ    
    ֪𰸣⡣ҪһϹ˼˷ʱ䡣 ʱԾıĵطҵһЩĲΪǵʮ⣬a.    
    ڶ    
    ų﷨ѡʱⱾʹǲΨһ﷨ѡcǴ𰸡ѡдaanһֳ﷨    
        
    ͨѡȷġҪ뱣֤ȷͱϳc    
    ⼰    
    ȷĴһѵĴ𰸡һʱ bƺǵĴ𰸣ϸ֮·dáҪ⡰ϸǡϸԡԼɶԳֵѡȷd    
    ⼰    
    ĶɡǡˡСʣȴȫı⡣ĶĵѧΪѧϰƻ⣬ܰѵΪμĩԵĳ򡣵ĴbĴc    
    ڰ    
    ЩʿǳҪĴʣѡһ㶼Ǵġһְʾausion׽(eusive)֤(iustration)þiusionЩѡΪΪǿġһ㶼ȷѡ˱a    
    ھ⼰ʮ    
    㲻֪ʲôȷһ´𰸿϶ʲôҪóʶųһЩѡҲ㲻֪ô׶ĸУӦʶŦԼʹ˹λ,λڷֻʣcˡʮcܻbdǴģΪ2040ʱ˹иײΡʢپѲaȷġ    
    ʮһ    
    עͬѡϸĶ֮ǻᷢ־abc˲ͬıʽȴͬһݡԱΪҽҩǴҩͬʱҲƵҩƷΪѡͬԶܳΪȷ𰸡ȷĴd    
    ʮ    
    ֪ʶзϢжϡտʼʱ벻˭ĵͳұھ͵ʮⲻͬѡеﶼιͳǸԵڸʲôʱأһÿ˵˽⡣ҲΪֶ١ݶ˹ԼѷǽڵһλͳҲΪԼF̺εͳְڼԽսһλ20͵ͳǲܳΪͳġ뵽֡ŵ˹ͶսϵһģˣҲһλǺܽͳ·ظ¡B˹Ҳ㲻̫˽⣬ԣԼ˹ѷǩˡԡҲֳʱڷװӡô߼ĽǶ˵ȷѡӦd    
    ж    
    1234    
    ѰȷƵĴʡǡӲûˡÿԼеȴ޷˼γơһЩ١ԼƵȴʶ޶˼˶ǽϺõѡҳһ벻޶˼ìܵӣôѡǴġ磬һĴǴġΪܵȷмȥһĴ𰸣ͲҪشÿ⡣2⣬3ҲǴġ4ǶԵġ    
    56    
    ˫ط񶨡˵һڱ׼Ӣ˫ط񶨱϶Ĺϵڵ5Уܡ͡໥ӵ˼ǿлǲ⡣˵5ȷġ6Сʾ񶨵ǰ׺un-ˣ6ĺǶĿҪ൱Ҫ


ʽ

    ʽͬѡЩƣˣѡԭҲ⡣ҲЩӦԲԡ    
    һ˵ƥĹϵһǰʾĶֱӳĹϵЩϵһĶ壬һĳɾͣеһһȵȡͬӦһҪԼѡȽϳĿ뷴Ķڶ߳ĴˡÿѡֻʹһΣҪäĿذʣһͬһѡһһǷƥ䡣ƥ䣬ǰѡĸ¼һ顣    
    ʽĴ£1d2a3b4c5c    
    ѧ    
    µĽһҪѧӦÿѧӦԷЩΪṩ򵥷Ӧƿԡ    
    1    
    ճйءһʢһЩˮ˽⻹ҪˮʢĿǰ˽£20أ3/5ѾʢˮҪ3/520жˮȻ20ȥ֣֪ﻹԷŶˮеˮ1/23/4201/210203/415˽⵽ʢˮ10ص15֮䣬20ȥ֣ôдп510֮䡣ķ    
    3/5*20=12    
    20-12=8    
    8أ8һǹƷΧ֮ڵ֡    
    2    
    ׼ѧṩѡͨƴ𰸶ųѡķʡʱ䡣ڱУĩλӣ9+4=13𰸵ĩλһ3ǿųc2100075000Ӵµ96000ӽǴb    
    뿼йصĲĴֻ˲μӿ͹ۿԵһԲԣǻҪرע͵Ŀԡ    
    ͵Ŀ    
    ܾǰˮǶŻƤϵĺͼ־ĺߺ͸ۿںСΪʹˮ˺ͼںͼıԵʾδ̽Щˮѭ浸شӲԽ׳ذ벽ҲƽƽһЩˮΪЩһսƫҪսЩδ֪ںܶ෽棬ѧͿҲˮֺĹϵѧΪǵȴǵĶˣеѧΪһֻʱԵͲͬѧķӦҲͬһ˵ѧͷ۵ĿѧѧԣԼĩԡЩԵʽۿԡ͹ۿԣҲԶ߼֮׼ſԵĲԻпԵĲԾΪҪμ8¼ǰֵݣЩݿʹδ֪ն񾳵أʻ밲ȫĸ塣    
    ѧӦÿѧĿ    
    ׼ѧӦÿѧĿһӿñʼǺͽ̿鿪ʼΪȷԼȫݣʦʾνѾɵͥҵʱҪ¼Լµıʼǡ°͵ⶼһ飬ֱҲԺŵشÿΪֹ䡪ĿͬͲͬ㡣ʱһͻᴥͨڶ̿ϰ⡣ӦѧϰҵͿκҵķʽѧϰЩĿ⣬ͨѧϰЩ⣬ȷһ¸ʹõĸʽԼȡϸЩ¸塣ԼĻдҪһ⡣ҳ⣬ΪԼһβԣĿӦʦĿơȻһʵԵҪԲ⡣ѧκӦÿѧεϿνҽԲ⣬ҲĿԽء    
    ѧӦÿѧ˵Ҫ⡣ܶѧʦͿѧʦҲϣѧҪʱ䣬ѭ9.3Ĳ衣    
    μѧӦÿѧԵĲ    
    1һ⣬ҳ⣬ƴõʱ䡣    
    2ʱ˳Уȴ򵥵ֵߵ⣻ٻشϼ򵥶ֵߵ⣻ٻشѵֵߵ⣻شѵֵ͵⡣    
    3Ķÿ仰Ϣ»߻д    
    4ԼĻָҪ    
    5ԼҪ⣬ҸЩʲôעعʽĹϵ    
    6㱻סˣ볢гķ    
    һȽϽӽ⣬дͿϸоһ⡣    
    Žһȿ׵⡣    
    ֽɲ֣Ȼ跨ԼĲ֡跨ҳԼѻᲿ벻Ჿֵϵ    
    иݵƲⲢǷȷĲ²ȷĻͿò²ֶεóȷĴ𰸡    
    ޷⣬⡣    
    7֤ԼĽⷽȷǡķʽдԼϲκηȷһʧ    
    8ֳйеʦܸһЩʹʦ֣ʦҲָ˼·ƫĵط´οԻкֵܴ


ּ鷢صԾ

    дѧһֽϻʼǱд½ѧӦÿѧʮ׼    
        
    ΪѧҲʦںĿñִ֡ʹ㲻ǰܾʦѰڳɹİʦѯйزˡ    
    ȷʵܶʦѧ˵Ҳ޷ԡҵ겡ˣұ뿪ѧУһ棬ڼͥѹҲʹ޷μӿԡҲĵһ뷨ȶԣԺʦʦϵڿǰʦкԵںҲʾʦ𾴡ʱŲήѹΪ֪ǷԲʲôʱ䲹㲡൱һʱ䣬Ӧʦ̸̸ǷԸһδɿҵI㿵֮Ϳѧϰ    
    ʦĺںһںı֡    
    Ȼÿ˶֪ʽ˭ܸȷĴ𰸣    
    Դ߶غķͬⷭӡ    
    дѧһֽϻʼǱгʦ˽ⲹʱʵ10¡    
     μĩ    
    Ҳ㲻ţںܶ෽棬ĩͬƽʱĿò޼ĩͨһʱ䳤ĳ̶ֳ˵⵹ʱĿԸǵݸ࣬иɹѡĻࡣ    
    ڿʱͿԵص㷽棬ĩƽʱò԰ŲͬĩԵʱ͵صһ㶼Уϣﵽϵʦ֪ͨͬһҪμƿԣ°еһơͨͬĳ򣬵һҪȰݼָʦ    
    ס    
    ȥľȥɡ    
    ûл·ˡ    
    һжѹȥֱʵ    
    Լ̵ĴԼɡ    
    鷢صԾ    
    ԾȥȻһǷԴӿѧʲôȻԣҪȡԾ֮δԾ    
    ԼԾжԼЩѧϰԺͿԲЧЩЧԾϵϢ´οԵĳɼԼὫμſγ̿Եѹ9.1ṩһżԾıҪŹڵһмĸĿȻܹ˵©ԭ±XԭϽǴġдʱͬһ©жԭ򡣽ÿԭXsЩֱҪעⷽѧϰԺӦԲԡ    
    Ծл㹻ѧϰӦϰ߷Ϣ֮һʦϢҪעһ¸ĳģʽжģʽⷽϢ´αȻѹ    
    


˼ά

    ѧи߲εȫ˼άǻҪ㰴ǽڵľĿ˼仰˵˼ά˼˵ʷʱҪһЩʵǻҪʷѧһ¼ԭ򡢽һ˶һ˵Ӱ졢һЩ龰ԼαԵʷصޡʷѧҡѧҺѧϰĿר˼˲ȴӵн˼άĴʵ;˵ҪһۻᣬϻذѾۻһͿǸˡΪʷĽǶȽ˼ά㿼Ǹ۽Լ˻ӰʱʹѧĽǶȽ˼ά㿼ǱμӾۻ֮໥ϵʱִ˼ʹϵĽǶȽ˼ά    
    ѧϰʶԼ˼άʱͿʼ˼ά ¼ʱͿЧ׼ȷǣԹ̵ĿȡʶϢʶ輰۵ЧԵ˼άĹ    
    ʶϢ    
    Ѹҵе𣿣ڱ¸ϰС    
    Դɣѡԡпӵβ޽ܡ¿ˡ1986Ȩ˹湫˾ӡȨС    
    ˼άĽȡǵݺȣҪ˽ԼһĿ˽١ҪĶ֡ͼȣĶ绰ֻ飨龰еȣ    
    ڣٿһǰǷͼͼͨӾͼָ硰ͣļСΪṩϢĹ۵ԼԼǰѧ˾ʱľΪʱҪҪܿ㿴һ±ĩĴ𰸣ָᷢͼӰԸͼļ衣㵱ʱͼ˵  һ  Ӧ𰸡    
    ռϢ    
    ϢҪԴճеõ  ġġŵġġԼܵĶռϢʱͽ֯Բ۵͸Щݹĳѧ˽ĻܻѸ໥ϵϢ硣˵ΪĹǮĸʶ֣10֣Ԫȡ˽صĸȴпȱĳһҵľ֪ʶձԪ֪֮Ҳпɴ²ƷĻҵλȴܲ˽ҵλľƺͼֵ    
    еؿʱҪйصϢ͸磺ҪѡȷרҵҪһЩȤҵǰͲܵȸЩѡĺϲרҵ㸸ĸϣѡרҵ    
    ĳһ˼άʱϢռƺ򵥵Ĳ衣׼ȷȷֺͲصϢӰ˼άǿһ㵹¡ͨΪﵹᵼжƻ̬ƽ⡣ڣелӵ׳棬㵹ûиǴΣ෴Ǵ˺ô㵹Ϣ˽ıĹ۵㡣    
    ȷ    
    漰ضشضʱȷݡҪȷԣҪڶϢΪԼϢԼҪϢ㿼ķʽ;ȷʲôصݡ⣬ĳһϢһϿأһϿȻأҲܲء    
    оԱ֤ԶԻӰ죨ɭ  Ƥأ1978ѧǶһƪ£½ѧУѧѧһѧ顣оԱһѧҹĽǶƪ¡оԱһѧҪⶰӵĽǶĶƪ¡£ҹǶĶѧ׼סǮϸ֮ڡصĶӹ߽ǶĶѧݵľۺòصĶˣȷϢȡĿĺ͵ʱ⡣    
    һҪԼ֪ʶĲߵˣ ȴĺЦٵˡ    
    ء˹̹    
    20ѧ


ֱѡ֪

    ѡָ֪ϢʱѰѰҵϢϢڰɭƤصоУѧѰԼ۵صϢѡ֪ġһ棬ѡ֪˵һѰĳ۵ųκɹ۵ʱкġĳ̶ֳ˵ԤڼԼҪĶ˵Ϊϣֵܻ͸ŮĳԱһȺδɣ簮ĸӵܡôʲôʱУϣ˵Ļʱ㶼룺ˣڱЩǮ˵¡ƫԶῴϣУ԰У԰ĺˡĶ֧ƫ֤ݡ    
    ࿴ǰûпǵϸڣǰûעС£ͿԴѡ֪ϰߡǹעϸڣͶ࿴Ķ֮෴ƽԼ֪    
    Ŷ    
    ʲôʲô˿ΣPTķһϷŵϰ壬ϷŵĽĿųơµһĿķƺ˵ÿӶһɵӵΪÿźƭַǶϷŽĿȤˣ߼ĽǶ˵ȫп˵ÿӶһɵӵ˵ʵûκִ¼֤˵Ļʵϣڰķʱɵӡһǲĳϵġôʲôʲôģʲô˿Σ    
    κ˶˵򷢱ԼĿտʼʱЩǲʵܻ⡣ϢʵǱ˵Ĺ۵㣬۵ǷţҪԼԼҪۿŶȡɿԡ̶ȡ̶ȵȡԸΪһȫ̽Ϣɵӣ߳Ϊһ۵˼ߣȡԼ    
    ʵ    
    ʱ֤˷Ҫ˽ķʵڡǵĹ۵ڷʵʵģҲҪҪ˽֤֪ࡣˣ֤ҪԼţȲͼӴףҲȱŤʵټűжÿ֤˵ĻǷʵ    
    ʲôʵأʵǶʵı磬һʵôλ󲿷ֽıҲʵһЩģ֪¼Ҳʵ磬ͳΡʢ١۵ĺը1942127աЩʵʵǾ֤ʵࡣ    
    Ϣʱ񷨹ٺжϢǷʵʵֱ֤ݻ۲ϢԴԭʼԴԭʼԴԭʼ׻˶¼    
    μԴҲṩʵμԴǶԭʼԴڹۡ͡ϢתлϢ޸ĻϢȱԭʼԴṩϢҪȴμԴϢ׼ȷöࡣ    
    ԴʵṩϸڣȴǷжԵġԴʱԵＰǻͬĸģģʪĴʶǶԴʡ    
    еĴ޶ʵЩʽжݴʡĿж磬ƻޱȡǲŰЩģɡǶǵĴʳΪݴʣʣЩϢǰʾĶȷġע仰Ĳ죺ҵĳɼABĳЩĿϣҵĳɼABĳЩĿ޶˵һ仰ʵԡƵأżأٵȴʶǶݴʡ    
    


۸˹۵㼰רҹ۵

    ͬʵһ۵Ҳһʽߵڱֵ˭ʵʵκˣκ˵һģڷ֮ĺ׼Ķ۵ĳˣĳ˶ĳһĿһַӳ̬Ⱥежϡ۵Ĵʶнԡ    
    һ·⡣˿˵ҵĳɼAB㻹˵ҵĳɼܺܺáζأΪġ÷Ա˵ǲķ˻Ϊ֣ŬһҲ޷õķΪԴʣҪȡĶ塣˼Ĺ۵㡣е˶һͬķʽԴ¶壬ͽ˶ʽ衣    
    Ϊ۵дƫҪ͹ۡ͹Ҫָ㱨ʵʱ˹۵㡢˵ļ衢к˼άʱ۵Ļ˵ĲϱȻӰ쵽ŶȺóĽ۵ļֵ    
    ÿ˶Է۵㣬Щ˵ͱȴʹǵĹ۵Ϊרҹ۵㡣磬һ˵ѡѧ421γ̰ɣûϹſΣ˵ˡ ټٶѧҵʦ˵ѡѧ421γ̰ɣڵһϲſεģѧܶණҪ˽ѧ421γ̣˭أ    
    רҵĹ۵ԴںܶʵġȣҪѧ߻˵ߵĽְҵ߻˵ߵıӽǣ˵ݼ㱨ʵķʽһ£Դ»ͼǰԺͽﲿ˽ߵıϢﴫֵٿȫҲڶȨıϢͬһרҵͬͬԵõص֪ʶ㻹ͨ˽ߵĹλõλ˽ߵı    
    㻹Ҫ˽߻˵ߵײΰ롣һԺյȨһܺΪΪһ۹ˣӦ˽ߵġ    
    ʱ鲻߻˵ߵıʱҪͨ;жϢ˵ڡ̽ߡ־Ͽһƪ£±Ƚͷİ֢ߵó˵ΪĿĿ£Է˵Ľ״ҪһЩԸĵһ֪Ҳ˽ߵıˣ޷ / ϲ£пǸĵ־ڿˮƽͿŶȣ˽ߣ    
    S³ĵ33ͳ֧һᵽӲİ·ʱǺͷ³Լȴ˵ҴǿͷԣֻࡣʹǾܾ˿ѡ³еĿĿǺԵġһ棬ЩҲϸ΢ϡࡢ۶ѡҳʹ˷ңЧش⡣    
    ʱרҵĹ۵óǷǳõġΪһ۹ˣӦôıصжϡǵз߸ͬ˻ĵطʱӦרҵĹ۵㡣ʱҪͬԴ뿪ؿ⣬Ϳ԰ͬԴļ뿪һȷԼĿ͹ԣͬһʱͿԸȫˡ    
    ϼ    
    ȿһŦԼв³Īڡ˹ķһֻﹷԡڰ˹רʱ¼199191գ˹ķĹҵļ¡˵ȥִյʱ˵ִաλԱЦҲִա˹ķ˵ʱͿʼԵˣλԱ˵㵱ʱһλ˲С˹ķŹȥʱԾƵ꾭˵ҹߣ˵ʱҲͬ⡣˹ķ¼˹ķϷܵˣ˺üͷһס賿ĵڴϸʲô˹ķ˵ԡ˹ķ˵ܿ͵Ϸͥˡ    
    ˹ķĹºȤΪ˶Ըļ衣ĳһ뵱Ȼ뷨ԤڣЩ뷨ԤҪԴԼĺͱ˵ıϼ԰Լ⡣Īڡ˹ķĹ˹ķУû˰Ϊ˹ķ̸ʱǱȻʶ̸ּһϵе⡣ϰ10.2Ϊṩ˱ϼϰ


ֹ۲ӽ

    Լ뷨еļɲһ¡ԭ£һǲض¶ּǲڹ۵뷨֮¡ڶּ趼Դڱ֪ʶĵڶԡǱʶͻм衣ĳЩѾãѲپǼ裬ǰʵһԱϼ裬ͿԸ͹۲Ҹȫ˼ˡ    
    зζǣκγϣάһǱڵļ衣˵ٶѧĳ½ʱʦ˵ҪĲ˶Լͥĸõİ취ǰʦļأҵһ貢б绤˵ܾͻʶʦļ裬˵Բ˵ļͥġ    
    ϱ˵ļһַҳӰĶԴʡͬЩʸȰ˵ĳ۵ٿһʦ˵ĻҪĲ˶Լͥĸõİ취ǰЩʶ岻ܹ飿ˣǺܾȷģôôʵĶ˶죬ͬͬҳĴϡ嶨衣ͨϰ10.3ϰ衣ϰ10.3    
    ۲ӽ    
    ӽ漰Ƕȡ۲ԱӷɴϿĵӴ￴ĽǲһġͬĹ۲ǶӰ㿴ĽԱ塢˾ĸγɹ۲ĽǶȣӰһ˵ӽǡ磬һ20ǰӹѧҵӶԴѧĿ϶뵽ѧͶŮѧĿͬӽ˽˶ĳһضϰ10.4ǱӽǵĽǶȵϰϰ10.4    
    ٿһԵĹù°ӽǣǴߣһ͵ߵĽǶȡһжԱĽǶͬĽǶȣΪΪԡִǼ¡ӹԱĽǶ˵߻һλ˲СΪӾͿʼСԡӽǲͬһλԱĻҲʧɫƵ꾭ӽҲǴͬĽǶȳġΪͬΪԡҹߡ󣬴ӾĽǶȳκ賿4Ե˶Ӧñ    
    һΪĵˣܻʶػǱʶΪԼĵ¡ֹ̬ȡ塢ڽ̡塢ȼѧȴԸһȡΪĵ˵һжȻʵϣԽ  ΪԼ  ʹԼһие㡣º͵ΪĹ۵㣬ԼĳЩֵ۶ǿˣҲν˵ΪĵĹ۵㣬Ϊе˶Ӧ˼ͱ֣Լ˼άѧϰк    
    ҵǣԼܾһΪĵ˼߶ԼȴȫȻ֪˵ܾĳλͬѧ³ѧгɾ͡һϿʱλͬѧһ⣬һҲӦ˽⡣ͻȻо֮һϵλͬѧ˽Ĵ𰸵ġ    
    Ϊĵ˼Լͬ˸뿪Ҳ޷ѧϰΪֹҪȡʵӽǡҲ˵ҪááԽȸҪԼжϣҪ̱˵ҪֻжԱԼµ飬ؿԼӽǡ    
    


ֱ˼ά

    һطѧλ˾ķĽڡʵ̬ȶΪκ鶼ҵϺ߼Ľ͡ǷԿ˩һֻõצʱȻеʮ־ȡһλʵһצ˴˵ɣ ҵȻţŲõġλں𵽡˵ҪǵãצûиӴˡ    
    ھצ֤˼ʹѧʱҲڽ˼ʱһЩǺõģЧ˼άû֤Լûзֲ춼ܲ˼ά˼ά˵ĲҲܲ˼ά    
        
    ˼άʱ߼ϵıȻ֤һԭʵϺԡΪЩڽ֤ʱ׽˼άָ֤ȷеóҲȷĽ۵Ĺ̡˵ѧѧܸӣܾΪרҵѧܸӡ֤߼ЧΪʹѧѧܸӣҲ޷֤רҵѧܸӡˣ֤߼Чʹ˵óĽۡ    
    Ҫϴۣ۹֤أ԰ѹɷΪ׶Ρһ׶Ҫ跨˽۲Ϣڶ׶Σյ֪ʶγɼϢóĽҪʶͬϢ׶ΣҲҪĽ׶Σͨ۽ǷȷЧȡӰЧȫ˼άĻءϰƫ͹ȸ    
    ϰƫ    
    ҪΪе˼ߣһҪϰƫϰƫͻļìܵʵӶ෴ܿѰҿ֤ΪȷĹ۵ʵʶѡԸ֤ʵԼĽЧʵϣϰƫȿʶģҲʶġ    
    Ϊ˵óһĽܻǱʶ˫ر׼жϢ˫ر׼һ׼ԼĽ۵ʵı׼Լ۵ìܵʵһ׸̵ı׼˫ر׼ͻԼ۵еĲһºì֮ӶԴʱҪ۲ۡ㻹òͬĴʻ㡣磬ʱ˵š¸ҡЩͬȴϲʱܻáöϡ͡ǿȴʡ    
    ȸ    
    ȸͳɼܵ·ǷԵĹ֤ĳضײ˻ĳһĶĹ֤Ǹʦżٽǰ󲿷ѧϿΡ仰˳ɰǧѧ㹻Ĵԣ˴Ĳ仰Ȼǹƽġһ仰ԶԶ޵ĲܵóۣǾǹȸȸʶġ    
    ûпǣӲٵȴ֮γɹȸһַʽΪһ˼άˣӦĳǻᷢʵʵϣ֤ݿܱνǡֻᷢǡڴӲͺҲˡܻʣ֤֤ʲôأǴᷢػǺٷأûʲôԵ£Ϊһ˼άˣҪϸһС    
    ѳΪ˼һֵĹȸǳɼЩɼܳΪ˼һ֣ʹǵıĿֻһЩЧĹȸѡɼɶ裬䱾ЧЩֻᵼ²˼һе˼άԼͬгɼԼͬҲгɼͳɻͽ͡ѧҡʦѧԼȷ֯һ⡣ڶԵطĳɼŦԼġȵأҪôȥЩطҪôȥЩ飨顢顢֡ĦгȣҲΪǷͬ˽ܵɼӰ졣    
    Ϊһ˼άˣȸͳɼ˼άͻޣΪ޷ǡطĸ졣⣬˼άҪڶϢļֵͬĺͷԵ˽ʱʹͬһ׼


־˼ά

    ϣ蹷ҧأǶߣĵһӦҲǺѻش,Ϊܱʲôҧʹִ뷨Ҫԭ㿼ʱΪʵϣ蹷ҧǱҧʵϲǡʵϣ蹷ҧػҧأˣϺ߼ĴӦϣ蹷ҧߡ߼ҪΪ޷ܵ˼άԼͬ˵˵Ӱ졣һҪ˼ά    
    Ҫ˼άһַת֤ѹ˸һЩ㲻̫ŵϢķӦʱǲṩ֤ϣ෴֤ķת֤ѹ˵ʲô֮Ӧ֤ʵԽǶ֪֪ʶսṩ֤ݵѹԽΪһ˼άˣҪ֤֤㷢ÿһ۵㡣֤ݸڣֻ÷ԼĹ۵㡣˰ṩ֤ݵѹתƵԼϣĬǵķǱ֤˼άӶ𱸣ǻ˵Ϣ    
    ħʦͷСƭ۾˿Ƶ̸˼ά˵УһƪۣΪ벡ٵѧԲμӲһڵУ±༭һţڵĹ۵㡣дŵ˵ѧ׾ٻýڣӮǲõõĶѧϰʱ䡣һУУһдŻӦһţѧǶƭӣѧӦö֡Щһ˶ĿİϷΪһЩڶû˵ĻİϷȻݲĽۡҪֲе˼άҪϸĶԱ֤˽⵽˵ݶǰʾݡ    
    ̸ıȽʱǻ˵ƻͽӷŵһȽһʵ˵ͬĶܽбȽϡ˵ǺϺģʹͬһĲͬ˵ƻͽӶˮҲܱȽϡ    
    ƫ    
    ˼άͼ̸ֻһ棬һȷԡʹ㰴ضʽ˼άض۵㣬ﵽضĿꡣ    
    18֮ǰǾͿʼȰ㹺ǵĲƷͶǵƱҺ˵ҲƫԼ˼ͬΧҲֶΣ跨ʹĹ۵ͬǵıһ¡    
    ƫӰϢ׼ȷԺͿ͹ԡ˽ǵʵʣͿԱ־μ10.1⣬Һ˵һͨӰ˵Ĺ۵㡣ϰ10.5Ҫҳӡϰ10.5    
    ί(euphemism)Դϣʸeu˼ǡápheme˼ǡֱǡõίͨõĻĻõĺ˲ĻҺ˵ͨʹίﵭӰ죬ڸࡣ˵˵ĳλʦǳעϸڡҪȡǳޡҪõöࡣ    
    һ棬ʿʹˡ¼ԵñʵҪ㡣ΪһڲͬķʽΪһ¶壬ϿɵĴʿܻȫͬзӦǸ˵ʾǺʡ˵̷ϵɱ˷оطΪɱ˷Ƚ˽ط̫ɱ˷оطͬӰ졣ͣ룬ɱ˷ֻߵɱ˷طѾоģоطʵҪɱ˷öࡣ    
    ΪҺ˵һôʻӰţһҪĺĶԵۡϰ10.6ϰӽǡԼʲ˼ά


Ĳͼݺо

    ϣһŵ˹һţͷϣϲصŵ˹Թŵ˹ǵʱǿ׳ĹÿҪԵ߸СӺ߸һλ̩˹ӼٰеһСӣԱӽŵ˹͸һѶ̽ŵ˹Ůŵ͸һߡ·Ǻţҵŵ˹ö̽ɱȻļǺţص硣    
    ѴʱͼݻϲϣͿܻ˽̩˹ĸܡԹ֮УͬҲҪ̩˹ӵеĶܰˣһҵϲԽԹԼһѶ̽ʹļɡ    
    ͼԱͼݵ    
    ڰŵᣬͼԱͼԱǰ㴩ԽͼݻԹˡͼԱ˽ͼҵݣҵܱӵϡңͼԱ˽ͼݵϺҵݣͨͼݵĹݼʳϵͳϡ    
    㲻ԵͼȥѰһ򵥵Ҫõ𰸣Ʃ磬ʵһοϻһĿԣ绰ͼݾͿɵõİĳЩͼݻṩοʼѯϰ11.1˽ѧУͼݵĻ(ϰ11.1)    
    ӵҪͼԱҪѸʱ䡣ͼһ,и߷ʱ,ʱ,У԰еÿѧͼݸоǰͼԱԤѯʱ䣬ҪʡûС飿ʹͼԱרĽ⣬оĿ磬ĿʡоѾѯĲο࣬ʦĽȵȣ    
    ͼɵķ    
    ָ㴩ԽͼԹͼݵĿ¼Ŀ¼ͨڼݿУ绰οסժҪĿ¼ǰչͼݷ෨(C)ʮƷ෨ġЩϵͳеͼĿȷϵķָʾϵڼλ    
    оʹѧʹCϵͳʮƷϵͳȣŵǾȷ꾡ʹôдĸϽͼࡣдĸʾһ⣨11.1ڶĸķࡣĸһϸࡣڶбʾߺͰΡ    
    鿨Ŀ¼    
    鿨Ŀ¼ҵϢΪѯɼеġҪߡݷ࣬ĿʱϵͳʹרŵķĿĿڼնԵֲСЩͼݿԼĿ¼ϵͳͼֳɵ޸ĺǵͼСⷽһӾNOTISһѧзġ㷺ʹõϵͳ    
    ϵͳвͬЩڻȡϢı־㲻֪ϵıߣͨĿѯѯУؼҵϵĹؼڡȻȷҪĿĿͼݳһרŵĿôʡͼԱҲ԰ҵҪṩʹý顣    
    ѰĿ¼Աֹѯ׵ҵҪϡ磬ѯִʺĿɾĳضݡңЩѯȫ棬Ϊǰ˼ժҪԼĿߺͱ⡣ȻʹʡԣȷдȻҪ11.3д󣬼ѯԿٴӡҪϡ


ĲԹʵĻʵʵ

    ѧϰ˵ͼеɽŵ˹Թһȥһ֪˴ɽ;ͿҵͼˡȻͼͰ汾ԽԽࡣȻҪ֪ȥУ԰ͼݵ·ȴᷢ㻹ԴӼϽʵͼݻ    
    ӷѯϢ    
    ڽͼУͼݵǽϡױȵϼϢѯ㾭زӡҪϣطشĿ¼гдˡѰӰ汾ϣشɽѰĳˡͨϲѯȫغȫͼݻовϣؽʹõͼݵԴˡ    
    ϲѯֻ̲ѯ    
    ʹͨӷѯϢϲѯʹһԶ̼еϢ  У԰СһݡһҡҵͨһĿ¼ݿУԴȡϡ    
    ͼݶݿϵͳṩȻѧѧĿѧݲѯݿժҪȫģԭʼݺϢ¼    
    Ȼϲѯŵ㣬ҲһЩ㡣ȣϲѯһЩʹ÷ãڻʱ仹ǻѽǮȨסڶӢԵ壬ݿѯʱʧܡˣƻƼϲѯֻʹùؼʡƻܻõˮ͡ϢͼԱ԰ѡؼʺδʣ磬͡򡱡Աų޹صݣҵҪϡȻݿṩµϢͨɵϡЩҪ΢Ƭ΢汾ȥҡ    
    ݿ⻹ֻͨļѯϡΪһϴϢҪԶԶڼϴϢݿⴢһϣеʱһϡݿ⣬ҲʽϢݡϢѹϣЩ汾еĶýϰάģͣԹʾͬ棩ŵѧȫıͼԱЩ̿ʹãôʹá    
    Ϣٹ·ά    
    ʮ͹ҿѧᣨNSFǽ˵죬һνϢٹ·ѳΪ緶ΧġϢĲݣÿ칩ɰǧʹá    
    ΨһȱȶԡϵϢ֪ʶͺͱըһֲϱ仯״̬ϵϢϢԴӱͨУ԰ͼݡġšͨҵ߷ȡϢͼݻĿԸεϢٹ·    
    άϢչ¼Ԫϵͳһ֧Уͨıͳýӽͼıʶ͵ϢлؽıĿĹؼֳڼĻϡ˵һЩؼֹɽıϢŻýṩýϢ磬ҪһݽıҲԿݽ¼ԼûпļУ԰ͼݺͼĿ԰½硣ϰ11.3 ΪṩоϢĻᡣ


Ĳͼݹݲ

    ҵ֮⣬ͼлɹʹõϡͨȷĿҵصϢʶ𱳾ϡרΪṩרҵĸϡ    
    ͨ    
    ͨͷΧ㷺дͳĴӡ͵Ӱ汾ͼݴͨĴӡʹûáЩϿͼʹãҲԴά11.4ҵͨ    
    ͨڿڿ൱ڿƬĿ¼ϵáǰ㰴ߡͿĿ¡ЩҲ໥յڹ͡ڿѧ򵼡һǼڿ־ĳĸ˳бߺ⡣ṩҵضµϢͼ11.3    
    ׼ȷоοµϢЩϢԴձܱڷеĵطݡұֽͨͼҵЩͼݻҵıֽҲдıֽѧֽееûǣͲ⡣ĳһֽзĳ¼ڣֽҲͬһ쿯Ǹ¼ıʵ൵ÿܸҪŦԼʱŦԼʱ¸Ҫ͡ջձƾĿ¼    
    ָطݺϡר⡢Լߺͳϸϡֲ֯ÿĿ¼ѧҲ׻ࡣ£ҪϢҵͼվҲʽʷϺϡ    
    Ƚҵ,걨ойҵΡҵ¡˶ݵϡﻹµͳ֡бһϢͼ͵ʵӡˢ桢ά棬ǶṩҵĵϡͼеΡ򡢵úεͼ࣬оʵ䡣ǵ㼯ֵƵĴǵ䣬г˵ơɽƵȵȡƴ˿ڡ߶ȡȡȤ㡣    
    ʱҪĳ˵Ȩۻ۵ϡӡˢоһġҪԴ㻹Դͨ򴫼ǴǵҵйҪĸϡаڣְҵɾͺ˺ְҵϡ磬Щǵ¼ʷ¼ִ͡˴ǡ¼ÿһһΣ¼нڵϡʷ¼¼ѹʵҪϡʷ¼ִ˴нڵġҪ˵ļ̴Ǻͼ͡    
    Ҫͼ鶼ΪͨġȻ㷢һոձʱҲϣΪͨ࣬ʱġ˵ǣԽԽ  ѧʷƷĵıԴػӡʹá    
    


Ĳר

    ĸ˰Լѡѧγ̾ҪȥоضγݷϣͨϡָͨһԴϢѧԴ򾭳Ҫרϡ⣬ͼԱҲܹҪѧϡ    
    Ϊκεطһ߹˼涼Ҫһʱ䣬ⱾŵͼݵϣеѾЩʱˡˣĿĿϺеṩĸͨġʷġ򱳾ϡʱЧǿϻоοڿ  רҵڿ־ڿṩ΢͡ϰ汾Լͳ汾    
    о    
    Ϊ˴ﵽɱŵ˹Ŀģ̩˹ҪһԼʹļɡΪ˴ﵽͼҵϵĿģҲҪһ  һбַ Լʹļɩ о    
        
    оƬĿ¼֮ҵйĳһĵб༭бʱҪ¼ӡ⡢ߡڡйػɽϵͼĿ루11.5 беÿһдƬϣΪṩֹ¼һִķüݿ⡣ͼԱԱΪʹʺϵݿĲ衣    
    /Դ    
    ʱ㾭յķʡɸѡ֪ЩҪġйصģһַҪԡ    
    ȣڿܵ£רŵ½ͨɿϢԴ߰ٿȫҪϰȷҪ˼·Աһҵϵʱɽһ׼бȽϣֵ    
    ʹʵۼֵĵڶַ洴бͨǿĲ˵жӦ˵ľԽȾԽСȻʱļηʸҪ磬ںһѰ̲Ϣηʿܶں̲޷Ϣݹؼʵľ̶ȣԵõǧӦĲ˵ǰʮ֪ǷѾҶ·ߵļܱбǰߵļҪЩϻҪҪһͬĹؼʡһ㡢Ĺؼʡ    
    ļеһصĻ⡢ͨؼҪжǵĳʼֵͨȽ϶˾˽ʱĸĿжϲϼֵˡȻһڸȤķ淢˽ϸüֵӣӦÿеĳӡĶʱ򣬱ⱻ޹صĻ;    
    趨һʹضؼʵʱơǰһʮηûҵõĶ¾Ҫػһؼˡ    
    4. ƪµĲοϣش⣺    
    1Ƿṩ˵һԴʵʷסѧƷȵȣǵڶϣ߶ԭʼ¼    
    2οϵǷ˵ߵѧʶ    
    3ǷοϽһоĿ⣿    
    4οǷг֮Ȩ£


Ĳʹо

    ù֮ͿԿʼˡȣҵοϣ١ԶЩص㣬ȷЩǷҪϵϢʱͬʱʹÿ١Զɣ11.711.8󣬼¼õϢɾȥʺϵݡ    
    ΪഫͳӡˢϵͨѾ׫ˡ༭ҵרҵԱϸģǵ׼ȷǷǳߵġȻϵϢҪϸˣΪκм˶ԴһҳϢ͵ϡȻһЩϣ־оȷʵϸĸ飬ϲûС۴ͳϵһЩ11.711.8ͬҲϡشһԸ˽ϵߣǣԼϢרҵ֪ʶҲڱϢԴĿɿԡĶߵҲ㱣ֹ̬ȣƫ㾭ͨͳͼԴеϢ֤ϡ    
    ھҪʲô֮,ʼǻӡԱʹáѡַһҪȫ⡢ߡ硢صڡͷкţҳ룩Աѯ֮á    
    ֻҪݣǱʼǾ㹻ˣ11.9Ҫݻͼӡܸʵáӡٲо֮á    
    


Ĳдо

    Ҫ޲˵доĸĶ˿ĲдµˣؼҪõҵ׼㲻˽оݺдĵķͻܵպͻҵţʹɲдˡҪдĵͺ׼дҲӰд⡣ƶһдƻ˽Լд̺һҪдݡдĺ׼ݽʱҲѭͬĹ̡    
    ͺ    
    ʦĻġ桢оĻѧġĲҪоԶ̣ͨһĸĳȡĿĸ졣յĵһϡʱҲӱ˵̸еóĶоǱҵǶԿγݵܽᡣоľҪо۾ݡЩʦҲоĳѧģоҪͼݹҪһſγ̻ݵĲֻȫ    
    оĵĿĻʲôͬĻ֣˳Ϊҳġ⣬оľĿ¼ժҪ¼ͼ12.1ҳעı⡢γ̡ʦڡڶĵģܡСۡҪһοĿбʱ    
    ǷȡĵʦǷҪԼĵķΧһп޵ѡĿ¼Ŀ¼ͨڳƪĻṹӵġժҪ  ڶп޵ѡ  ܽĵݡĿ¼ժҪڱҳĺ档һп޵ѡǸ¼ϣ磬ע֡͡ͼ¼ĵ    
    ѡо    
    ĵоƻоҪʦѾΪ㲼˾ĿĹȥҵصĲϣ׫дʦûвĿԴʦṩĿѡȡһߴԼоѡȡһѡĸȡȤҪԺϵĿó̶ȡ    
    ȤҪ    
    ǿʦָģӦȤģ㡢ԿγݡԶ˵ҪġΪдһƪҪܶ๤ѡΪдĴĵѡҲӦĿγйءĵҪĶߵҪʦͬѧˡ    
    ҵһ㡢γ̡йصĿҪ¹̿Ŀ¼ԷȤġ߸ȤĿ⡣һıʼǡýѧٺͽҲҵܵĿ⡣ʦͬѧһǿҵоĵ;󣬴ӼӺֱӾҲҵһ鼮־ӡվֽк͹    
    


ĲͼԴó̶

    ͼԴó̶    
    ͼԴĿó̶ѡʱڶҪǵ⡣һ¿ƬĿ¼ȷͼǷѡйص鼮οϡͨ½ؿվҲһѡͼޣ޷ѯϢػһ⡣⣬ЩԴҲȷЩο϶ǷáҪѾȥ˻ڱԭ޷ʹãҲػ⡣    
    С    
    ΪĲܰȷдķΧ漰ԽСԽдȷĿİС⡣ʱĿʦǣ󲿷ʱҪԼȷ    
    ĿİȷҪռϵͣ12.1    
    ȷĿ,ҪԿһЩ⡣ʡ˭յдһ˻һȺ˵Ĳϡʡʲôҵйع̡¼ص㡢ĲϡʡΪʲôҪҵĳ˻ĳȺˡ̡¼ص㡢໥ϵĲϡʡʲôʱ򡱰ȷҪдݵʱܡʡôע̡    
    Χ    
    һȷĿģҪĵķΧָĵĳȺѡĹѡķΧȲ̫Ҳ̫壬ҪǡôķӳΧҲҪ̫̫壬ҲҪǡôΧȷ漰ϢĽޣԼϸڵȷҪרҵ֪ʶڸÿϻѵʱ䣬Լĵ͡    
    Ϊʦ˵СķΧ˼    
    һȷ˷Χ,ͲҪԽޡȷҪСѡ⣬ֱﵽһɲķΧ12.2ĹУ㾭˴һ㵽Ĺ̡ٿȫͽ̿ϻֳ¡ڵġַָȷĵķΧϰ12.1СķΧ ϰ12.1    
    д۵    
    ݵķΧͨĵ˵ΪȷоĽޣ۵ָͿодԼ Ժ Ķߡ۵һµ䣺˵ĵĿĺҪ۵ۡд۵Ҫĳ䡣ĵĿ⣬˵Ҫ۵ۣǴҪϸڡ˵ȷĵĿġ磬ٶо⡰ҵ߽á߽õĽ۵߽õ¹Ʊֺļ١һ㣬ӦǡԱû๫˾󡣡    
    


ĲִĿ

    Ŀ    
    ۵һĿҲݡңĿҪߣʹǶĸȤٶȥġͨѾС˵Ŀһ棬׫۵ʱҲһеĿĿӦþȷüؼ˵⡣¡Ρ򻬻ĿĵԡۿʼдȷĿûйϵʱдҵһеĿʱ۵䷢ָдãõĿֵûʱȥѰҡϰ12.2㹹˼۵䡣    
    ۺز    
    оüˡΪѾоѾһαʼǡҪ鼮¡ѼϡѾõҪһСΨһǽЩۺ׫дġ    
    ʶѼоϵʱ۵ָ׫дĵĹ̡עоĳʼĿĺָķΧޡ˽Ŀĺͽް֯ռĲϡҪ½١ͼΪṩչĿܡ    
        
      ˳֯  ۺزĵĵһΪоͨҪڲͬʱռָزģϿȥǲġɢġˣʱҪ±ʼǡϤݡ    
    ٵĵڶ  ȷ໥ϵ  ȡϵ˽١жһǶĵҪ̶ȡһַгҪ͸һ͸ҪԡҪͨоĿеĳ߼ĹϵáЩߣ临ԵĲͬΪٵ͸⡣͸ܹһչ⣬ǾͳΪ۾ݡɾҪĲϡܲоռĲ϶õϡⲢζ˷ʱ䡣ռĲϰ㾫⣬Ӷʹȷؽޡ    
    ٵĵۺͼ̵Ŀʼһȷ͸⣬ĲͬزѰЩߵĲϡ    
    ͼ    
    ˵,ͼ԰ȷϢͷϢдоʱͼȽϲͬزĵ⡣    
    дۺͼʱͼ12.212.5ȺгҪΪοʹõزġȻгѾȷ⡣񣬽زߡĲȷĳزǷһϢϢʼǡ岽ͼϢͬͲͬزĽзࡣ㿴ģʽ໥ϵͼдġ    
    дģ    
    ĵд˶ٹͨʱҪĵݣҪд̬ȡܻѶپʱ䶼д̵Ҫ裺дһ壬ڶ޸ġյİ汾Ͷɹֵ    
    


Ĳ: ˵ߡ

    һ    
    һ徭ݸ壬ǺϺġĿľǰ뷨дֽϡС˵ҽܻq˹˵Ϊһңͣڿͷϣ£дԼû˶ĵһ塣ĳ̶ֳϣԲÿдࣻǣһҪдֽϣڵڶ޸ʱִ㹤    
    ֵҪ˼̡ΪĿдĳ壬ԳѭЩΪĽ顣У߶ЩʲôУ˵ߡСУ߶˵ʲôȻ⿴ȥЩ£ǺܶĶѭһʽȻӦμ--СһʽǣΪͷͽβдΪĳָд½˳򲻱дֽϡǣһŰֽܻᶢϺóʱ䡣дĵʱܻ˼һĿͷβ    
    ԣ߶дʲô    
    ڸ߶˵ʲôʱѾΪĵಿֶ˲衣Ը߶ĵҪʲôԼΪʲôֵһҪдԣעһҪص㡣µķʵĴʾ䲻׵ġҪ۽磬ӣѰ⡣    
    ˶ߵȤҪǼȥ򵥸һҪزĿԸ߶ľı߿˽ݵĹϵʲôҲͨöעضػ˾Ȥʡۡ۵㡢塢⡢ۡط档һּߵ;ʾоҪ塣Ҫ߶Ҫ⣨Ĵ𰸡֧ۻ۵۾ݡµ̼⣩    
    ڸ߶Ҫ˵ʲôʱҪöϤ⡣ĳֲĵĿĺͼƻĳԶҪСᣬչݣһСҲҪ۵ǰԡ    
    : ˵ߡ    
    ĵĴ󲿷ġϸݵĵطݵʱռõͼҳصʽϵǣоսͱһࡢͳһ˼룬һϵвϵС    
    дҪġҪǵľ֯ṹΰ趨ݵ˳ȡĵĿĺоݿͨκηʽϽаţĸ˳С˳ϵʱ˳ͬȽϡּϵͳ/ֵ򷴹嵽֡-˳СռУʽǿһ飬Ҫҳʺĵķʽ֯ܵķʽڽѾҵġĳ۵ݰȥͬʱҲڵڶ޸ġ    
    ֯ṹʽʲôģıоĵ塣ӦнעβעԼвοĿĸ¼Щע͵ĹӦʦҪԼѡΪ׼Щ鼮ΪĲοĿṩʵ12.3г˲ͬݵĳֲᡣ    
    С᣺߶˵ʲô    
    СĵĽ䡣ڳƪһҪСУҪ۵оĿġңҪ֧Ҫ۵㡣˵Ĺϵ֤Ҫ۵ʱӵáͬʱָоıҪԣµ⣬Ʋĵݻۡ


ĲĻҪ

    ڶ    
    Ƿйһ̸󣬷ˣȻ̸һ¡һ۵һǳõĽۣ롰ҪǸղûáڶ͸һᡣдһͿʼڶ֮ǰʱ˼ǣ㿪ʼ޸ĵʱһȫµӽǡ    
    ޸ĵһһַɾճȥдǽĳЩӡ䡢½ڼճҪĵطȥһճָ㶨ĻҪø˵дڶԼ޸õʱ䡣ִʹ㲻´ӡȫָ壬ֻ޸ľӻ˳塢ƴдͱ㡣Щܼ﷨д塣    
    ִҲȱ㡣ڲʲôԽϰһִҪѧϰִҪķʱ䣬ϰʹִʱ㻹ҪʱѧϰڶִҪʹø˵ԡûмĵλӦͼݻطʹá    
    ĻҪ    
    оķĿ⣬ҪдṹáɶǿģסĻҪأࡢᡣڱдһʱͿ˳ÿһ    
         
    Ҫ.˵ʲô,Ҫ˵Ѹ٣Ҫ©Ҫϸڡ»ήߴ׸档ζءϺ߼ؽģӵݡҲдȻĴʾɾ¸ıйأǽճϵһġˮ½ڵС䣬Լϵʹᡣǽƪġճһ𡱡    
    доģκģǷǳѵġЩѧѡдλУ԰дѰдɡҲЩʹֲд12.4оһЩдֲᡣ    
    ޶    
    ޶༭дɫڶ塣Ѱҽṹ﷨ͨµ֯ṹ͹ϵĽṹʾ䡢ϸںʵʹǷǡҪ﷨ʱ֡䡢ƴдȴ    
    ѡһʱ򣬷ǷӰѡӡˢߴأǷİװЩⲿӰһĿͬҲӰʦĵĿһӦþ޸ģûддʽʹӡıȴӡĵ÷ָߡĸ㹻ı߾ԱʦдҲӦ̫ʹʦڹһӦбҳġοϺʦҪݡ12.5ǲҪĴһϰ12.3,ϰд޸ļɡ(ϰ12.3)    
        
    (һ)ָȡ˵ͶΪСַʽԺԡżȻڼǱʼǷòοϲɵġָءԤı͵ԳϢΪҲѵĻѧġڽ¼12.1ٰ½˹ѧĵΣաԵΪΥѧʵĹءΪԣӦԴʼǺòοϡ    
    


Ĳдƻ

    дƻ    
    ߶˼ݽߡĩ١ĸо˽д԰оš12.6дĹ̡    
    һ֪доĵḶ́ͻǲһһʱдġ⡰˼ݽߡĩ١ĸоų㹻ʱд̡ȷĿĺʱʱԤ㣬Դ    
         
    ᷳ?о?ѧĲ,Ǵ绰!15,483ƪĿɹѡݣѧѧӦоСоԱ绰ɣ555-3211    
    ĩ賿3:00Ѿȣ˰ɡ۾ѾѪ˿ѾŰֽ˺óʱ䣬Ѿܼסмˡ    
    ǣȻ֪ľѧӦдʲô    
    ҵޱƽʱĹʹھвĵ绰ǣСģоԱ绰֮ǰһBɡ    
    ҵһУ԰֯˵ΪҪйɯʿϷģһܴĿܱһƪǳõġÿҳ10Ԫļ۸ʡȥҵķҲֵˡֱҽøһѿѧҲȥͬһطǲŷеһЩһģ    
    ȻBĹ²Ϊ棬Ĺ˵ѧĵһΣաȻΣԵ׶ץǹ˵Ǹ⣬ⲻΨһΣաһΣǱԡ    
    磬˵˵£ʮƪйɯʿǵѡһƪѧڣһͬѧҲѡƪ˽ڡĽڻᷢ⣬ᷢеһЩ۶䳭Ϯġ    
    һЩطҲ⡣ĵĵͻ˵ͻȻĳɺʽˣĽڵע⡣ֻᷢԼĺá    
    ЩҲǺõģһѧָдЩĵĹ˾֪γ̵ص㣬ʦڴһ120Ԫһƪʮҳģȴֻ˸C+    
    Ͳһ⣺áκμҳֽϵĶҪܶǮ,,ݻ⡣ÿҳֽ10-12ԪΪʲôԼоǮиõȥأ    
    ȻΣջǱץסȥѧУͱʮӡ汻ץסˣ۾Ǵְ塣    
    ѧѧ޲ةq³˹˵ԲΥѧΪ淶ңǷ˷ƷԴԷͼ    
    ֪ץסԻôϼǴѧѧѧ޲ةq˹˵ѧѡγ̵ονʦʼƪڸſγܳɼռز󣬳ͷǸһFɼǳȻƪڸſγܳɼռؽϴǵڶطߣԳ̶أôѧõһFɼύίԱþ    
    ˹˵Ǻֵܼ£ǲȷһƪǷԣǻὫЩ˾еĿ¼жԱȡʱ򣬳ϮѧĿģ    
    ðɣðɡܴĿˡǸôأ    
    ɣǴѧԵжονʦѧͬɡǣĳһʽίԱ֤нںͬѧڳҪͶˡ    
    ѧҵʵ淶ίԱѧשqʷ˹˵ѧᱻͣѧһѧڻʱ䣬߿ѧҵɼ浥ϻѧҵʵ¼ᱻڵϵܾѧλȻдһƪɯʿǱĿܻܷѾǣһƪĳϮܸĴ۸󡣱ץס˲ʹϡ¹רժŬ֮һΪΡʹʦԺҵΪƫ    
    㻹Ҫʵ㲻ʵ˵ͶΪС    
    ΣʵǴڵġԣʹõֻɫȣ˯ߣͷҲҪԼдġ    
    Դ:׼תԼȩq˹ġѧġȨ 1986 ѧ硷     
    


ĲƶдƻĻҪ

    ƶдƻĻҪ    
    ƶдƻмɡȣоҪѧ˺͹滨ʱƶһȫļƻʼкͽʱ䣬Ŀַܲӳˮƽ    
    ڶҪزĿֱܲߡݼ԰ҵͼûеĲϡҪĳѾˣҪͼԱһӡܻëʹ޷оϡӡҲܳëҪάޡҪƻЩʱ䡣    
    ҪʱоռϡʱʹܹлòͬķϢµӽǡЩо㿼뷨֯ṹͨԡ    
    ƶдƻ    
    ٶϿεĵһʦ˵онôɸҵĵһƶһдƻ    
    ƶдƻʱҪѧϱעաȼ¸ýĵӡдƻһ졣ҪоʼӡӦǲĵӡҲдƻĵһ졣üǵӶ֮䡣һӦȷĵͺ͸ʽѡһ⣬СⷶΧʹ֮ΪһɲԿ⡣ƶоʱƻڿʼд֮ǰۺۺоزġоӦĵ֮ǰܰ뵽ܵʱɡڶҪµҪɳʱ䡣ӦĵǰԼ10쵽֮ǰɡͼݵĹݲغͿǳϤԸȱЩϣдõʱ䡣д˵ףܲҪôʱ䡣һ棬д˵ѣӦʱ䡣    
    ܶ鶼Ǵ㿪ʼġǣǴյ㿪ʼġ㣬Ҳҵ֮ʼƶƻյʱ㿪ʼ֮йصҪɵĻƶдƻ԰㲻㣬ҿյĵƹ⡣֪Ҫȥ֪ҪʼдʱӦʲô㻹ܿɵĳɹ͵ڵڽǰ԰ᶨĿ꣬۹ȣȡʤ    
    Ĵݽ    
    ڿݽʹô?ое㺦,Ҫ,кܶ˺վһ𡣴˶ݽ亦£⵽ͬȻ˹ںݽԶδսʱڣͬҲڽ졣    
    ĵݣ޸֮󣬹ݽĻĽṹĽҲ֯ݽݡΪκκõģӦôԿʼ˵ʲôĵĹݽġСͽ˵ʲô    
    оʱϸ¹Ϊĵشݽ춨˼ʵĻԴ˵ݽǿͨĥĽġһõݽдһƪһҪü裬ЩҪʱŬ


Ĳִǰʲô

    ǰʲô    
    ΪõݽߣҪʶڡȻĵĳ̶ֳϾݽݣݽҪʺڵĴʻͱ֪ʶ̶ȡڰͬѧʱϸ۲ڵķӦЩڡЩڡܱʹлԼרҵԡ̫ǿĴʻ㣬ֲ֪֮ܽܵʶ̶ȵĲ࣬ʹǳҲԿʻڲķʽ    
    ΣҪ֯ݡݽݱҪ֯Ϊ޷ۿݺ˵Ļ    
    ʹѾɹݽҲҪһĽʽԱд硣ӡߴ磬ǿصݻص˼롣Щ˽ݽҪдڱʼǿƬϻһͼͼʽ֯˼롣    
    ׻˵һͼǧ֡ⲻҲڴġͼͼƬģͺʵȤΪʹͨͿһЩЩݽʹ ͶӰõƬӰݽ壬ԱṩĺͼƬʱڡУ԰ýͼĿ԰ݽʹõͼѡʲôͼѡЩǿġȷġڷ涼ġ򵥡ͼ    
    ȻЩΪɣʵϣʹɳԶķʽݵĽˣúñְɡԤƵԤΪ㾭һЩľ㿪ʼʱҪϰ׺Ե⡣ڼʱ䣬ΪĬõٶȻʶٶȿ졣ڱȵͬʱҪϤָ塣    
    ܵĻݽ¼¼ع˺ͼԼı֡ûֳɵ豸һص㻷Ƶĵطһλȥݽڷ䲻ͬλãͼȡ    
    Ĵӡд¸õӡʵװεĴΪݽɫװҲӰݽЧѡһױƽʱϿθʽ·ѡһסˡװѡһԼϲķװ    
    ʱʲô    
    ݽǰѾȫ׼ݽҪͲԡܻһӣͻٸо־塣Ŀ־תĳ嶯ܹΪṩҲʹãǲѹᵼ¿ֻţһԼĿͷĵҪĻʹûĿ϶ԡ    
    һǲż磬ҪһϽ̨׼þͿʼͣһ£һıʼǣĬһ¿ͷ䡣ȻһһֱȵѾȫ׼ˣҲ׼ٿʼ    
    ڱǰݽһѵǼҪȻɵݽҪȾϲȻëررС󡣳չʾѡȤ֪ʶ顣    
    Ӧ÷ٶȡʱμ֧ģǷġϾһݽľеһˡÿһ۵ʱ򣬽۹עĳһˣʹԼٽʱڱĿӴʹھһ    
    ɣرڴݽһ̵ˡѾˡǸΪԼݽˣЩݽˣˣʱؽݽû㾦ķһҪ۵㣬ܽһݣʹһرǡȷķʽݽ    
    ʲô    
    ȣҪԼһ¡ȷӦƷһ³ɹζζһѾȥһСڶҪԼı֡һЩطúãЩطǷȱñʼ¼ԱԺο


Ĳн;񽡿

    ʮʾн;񽡿    
    ѧϰ˱֮Ӧܹ    
    ȷĿ겢оٳһЩܹٽĲԡ    
    Ժеá    
    ʶǵԱҪ⡣    
    ЩΪбҪѰְҵİԼѰİ    
    Ǵҡ֢עҵ֢״Ʒ    
    оٲ򵥵ؽרʹõĸִķ    
    ÿһĻУԺŮͨһЩͬԼ׷ҸͳɹǺͱ˶еĹϵǶĸֿԺ;Զ̹ȻܡǸо塢Ŀ꣬ǲԽоĿɹ    
    Ȼѵ״̬ÿ˶ܹеġÿ궼30%˻һ1ʱ---16굽25---صʱڡ˸еο80%90%ĻߴྭµƾͿԿ2    
    ʲô    
    еĽȫǣ̶̼֣Ҹ״̬ȫдաѧԼ&#8226;1963д 300֮ĻȻʮ˵Ľ˵ǳҪ    
    ǵк;״̬Ҳ˵ǵĸǵ˼롣нָͨڱµĺһֶҪۡ ѧҵ϶&#8226;ƤڶнһЩҪозʱָн˾ص㣺    
    бֽľĲΪ֮Ŭ    
    ԺͶԸֻӦԡ    
    Ϊ壬ֻ϶̬ȡ    
    Ҳġ    
    Աͬġ    
    Ϊ˷ദʱ˽    
    ˵ܹϵԴԽԽе⡣    
    ܿǺ壬Ӷٽѡ;3    
    񽡿ָܹȷظ֪ʵ磬ӭսƶԵԡһ񽡿˲ͼȥӱеìܺʹ࣬Ƕеıʡ˺͸ʧ䲻Ӧԡ;񽡿֮൱һصģаܹĿͳַǱе    
    Ԥԣ    
    Ľ    
    * ֲĸ顣ã𲽷չΪŭ    
    * Ҫ˼䷭ȥ˼һ⣬ŬȥѰһġЧĽ취    
    * һβȡһ衣 ֻҪڲȡĳж⣬ΪԼеԺ    
    * ˽йͨ ˽иĽ˿ѣҪʱҲְҵʿ    
    


Ĳ׷Ҹ

    ׷Ҹ    
    Ҹ׷˭ҸģΪʲôһѧҴ&#8226;˹ҸΪһĿĸоһΪ涼úܺõĸо4 Ҫָо˵һҪȡúܴĳɾͣȡһЩС¡оǰѾһЩľ----ҲһЩճĿ֣ӵһİ£ һݱ겻ĹһЩֵܴİ----żһЩ˷ǳ˵£һݼٻ߹еһ߽ʱҸ5    
    ͨҸ·ֻһҪҸҲûϰжҲǮԻŮԣҲĸ塱˵ȡǷ߱ĳЩԸȡĹǷóģǷһЩѣǷлڽȡ    
    ҸĻйءڱȽ϶ҸĿоУЩ˰Ҹһڵ̬һĵ̶̬ΪҸȡ֮ġڵ̶6䡢Ա͸أĺͳɾͣҲԸҸӰ7    
    ҸõԤҲǽ߱һЩص㣺ǿġֹۡ򡢺ͺܺõԿҪص֮⣬ҸǸпܾнǿ׳壬кʵʵĿһЩ֧ǵѣһ׮ȽϺгĻҪһܹΪǾ֧Ŀ겢ʹǸ߰Եڽ    
    ѧֹ    
    ֹۼԿֵܳĽԤԡ ڡĿ֡һУ޲&#8226;˹ ʹ&#8226;ѧĽǶȰҸ¶Ϊ֡䲢Ԥľһ䣬Դʹǿĵһ棬ǻġȿǵһѡ8    
    ڸԭ----ǱȽţԼøãǸоԼ----ֹ۵еõ˸˵ľõ鷢ʱڰѴۻʧضġʱġʧֻǡż¼һһǲԹԼ߿ܻ˵ǰһ㣩ȥĸء    
    Ʒζ    
    һԼʹ㿪ĵõķʽ֮һִѧѧ&#8226;ɭ˵ϳȥɱǱȽȤģϢֵõġΪˣżҪѣȺ壬ҪһЩ顣    
    Ⲣ˵ȥСʱ򣬼ʹһЩܼ򵥵Ⱥã˯ӻ³ܹͣʹоࡣͳÿԼһ㽱γһϰߣһЩСġ¶ΪճнĿһЦ߻ʱȥһ9    
    ߳ʮַʽ    
    1. ǿͻкõһ档 кõһ棬Ҫȥȥ벻õһ档    
    2. ع˹ȥĳɹԼȥȡõĳɼԴԼȡøĳɼ    
    3. һζ1007еһУڽ̹ΪǼЧķʽ    
    4. ֡ܶǲʽЧʱЧܻӭҲЧķʽ֮һ    
    5. ԼȺ---۴ĻСģĻ򲢲ҪܶǮ---ʱʹ㿪ǻʹоر    
    6. ־Ը߹֮һ---Լ8900---ͨ־Ը߹תԼעоҲࡣ    
    7. ϵĸоУΪǸı仵ӻٽ÷ʽ֮һ    
    8. ֵøЩԼһ΢ЦʹʧȷʵԸı˵ľ    
    9. ѽתδ㲻дȥܴȡѵٽȡ´øá    
    10. ҪֹԼΪԼԩԾɵüԼ


Ĳֹע

    Ԥԣ    
    Ҹ    
    Լڳʱ䡣ҪͬʱҲԼҪ    
    ໨ʱ׽໨ʱˣǹذ    
    Ŭϲ¡ѰܹҪġΪĹȥ    
    ֹһЩѰʧܵĵط϶ҵҵо⡣    
    ɣŲæʱ׼ץסĻȥвͬĳԡ    
    ע    
    ڵһ̸۹ģķչ彡һ֡ҪʳһͬҪġľѧ˹&#8226;ĦڡĹעһ۵˵ͷԿ˵˼룬ǻһΪʳԴزдǻۺԸ񡣡10    
    ܶо񽡿רǺʶ̸ڽ̷⡣ֱ1982꣬ھƵҪרҵڿУֻв3%۶ڽ̵ԺͿȡ ʱʮѧоڽڽ̻Ĭܶ𵽻ӰãܼڿƼĿ11ЩأΪṩһ֧Եỷʶ壬ȥעԼ飬ΪṩһֹġġȷʶеĿʱġѧҴ&#8226;Ħ۵    
        
    ˽------ǿ˵ģ;ϵѹѹо֮˹ Ϊ˵ĺΪ˽Ϊڰ˵ͬʱҲԼҪԭĽ---֮ʩ֮---һִ汾һҪĲͬṩΧ˰ͰͬʱҲǶİͰ    
    Խߺ͸ͬ洦磬֯Ǳ棬ЩߵĽָǴڸ߷壬󱻳֮Ϊ ߸߷塱ǰָֽļΪһֶصġƽġůĺҼֵߵĸо12ѧΪṩΪһѧڿγ̵һ֣Ǳ˵Լ̬ȣ𽥼ٵֱ˲ҵ򣩡ģҪΪܹ׵һΪͶ뵽־Ը߹У涼˱仯13    
    ҿ    
    ûܹԵؿˣȻܶǵ˼άоΪ ͨΧʵʵǿƶƻ׼ӶܹѵûͨǿԻһֿƸС ȫΧĵУΪܹԼ˱Щֹ۵ˣ˶Ҹرֹ۵̬⣬ǵҲ14    
        
    Ŭ׷һĿꡣͥᶼӰǵĶ˶Լ˵ʵġǶκξ׽кʱھܻǾܾƷѡרҵְҵʱǻԼļֵжϵģΪʲôˡԴӦսǵ彡ҲӼплӰ15ЩԵ˿ܻ˵ǲⲿӰǵľΪ˵ǵĿ---ǿƵķԴ---ڲģԼⲿģԱˣ


ĲԤ

    Ӧԣ    
    ұ    
    ԼΪһˣ һȨȨѡȨ˵ҲҲ֪Ȩ    
    ҪϣϾܸı䡣ұһҪʱĲյļɡ    
    ʲôҪģʲôҪһҪڶԱ˳֮ǰ    
    Ҫұκη̺͵سҪͰòЧġ    
    ұ    
    ұ˵Լĸ飬ñ֪Ҫһֲ̫ı﷽ʽƲͬұͨЧͨͱ˽ĸ˼ı㲻ϲĳ״Ҫһ㣬㻹עⲻҪüҵԴǣҪص̸ĳЩϸڣҪ̸ֱ֤ӸЩµˡ    
    ұﲢǺ׵ġѾѧ˱ȥ飬ڰԼĸ͹۵߱ˡǻաɥܣȻ󱬷ΪıұȻΪ˷УǻԵúܱ    
    ұﲢ˵ȥл𱸱ˡ԰Ըƽءظ߱ˡ٣ұҲԼоࡣԭ£˵뷨ȡжʱǴڷԱλãںΪ˱ץסʲôѹҪСࡣ    
    Ԥԣ    
    о¶    
    ѧϲһ˶ʹΪϲˡ    
    һЩԼȤ---߼볪С顣    
    ѱϵʹھʱǷֿʱҲˡ    
    ԼڳһЩʱȥ־ԸߡûʲôȥЩҪ˸˵ľ    
    ϵ    
    ÿΣо˵ϵ֮еϺ϶ҪһЩѧҲ⣺Щӵһ׿ṩġʱϵĹϵĴѧ⣬ѹҲС16    
    ϵķһҪĵ¼ΣءϵٵʱȳҪ2-4ԭǵǷЩڹ¶̶ϵ÷ָƽˮƽҽѧרҵѧıϸˮƽҪ˵ƽˮƽڷ־ӡһֳڹϵĽҲϵͳĹ17    
    ֮ϵĿΪ鶯Ϊ˵һԡʱǻҲûκȤ---ʡʱ۵ʱ򣬴ӹȥȡѵʱ򣬻չδʱ򣬾Ҫһ˶ÿ˶ܴӶеõ֣Խĳ޾ͻΪ¶18    
    ˷¶    
    Ҳһǹһɵ塣ķչ----ʱͥճ̱Ҵ࣬ʸ---ʹǸӹ¶ֻ23%˵Ǵе¶е¶Щġ־ӵġѾӵˣЩӻֻСסһǡڴδĵУ42%˸е¶ʱȻ¶пܵԵġֻʱ19    
    Ϊ¶ǿԼһЩС飬Ͷ뵽һЩĿͻУڽ鲻м20Щ˲ȥϵʱ󲿷ֵ˼ʽ졣˷¶ĹؼھԴǵǱܣѧ߳ң˽Ӵ潲¶ԳΪ˳ɳҷֵһֶ21    
    


Ĳ罻

    罻    
    İ˻ڹ˵ʱоһЩУ40%ΪԼͻ罻22һЩ---ݹԼ10-15%Ķͯ----;罻ǵ23Ϊǲ֪ӦԸ񣬻Ϊ˵ľܾһЩ߳ܵ顣ڿܱעӻʱĵıˡǸоرȻΡšעȫϵʱǿܻӿ죨ǿɻ߸оġ    
    ȽͿ¶Ľ̻һԼ˷罻ǡ磬ھۻǿԼİҽܣʳŶӾͲʱԱߵ̸ѡʲôʳԴ罻ɡѧܺõذʱҲúףİʱͲٵˡ    
    Щ罻صЩϻɥʧĳˣҪרҵָѾ֤ǼΪЧġרõһּɾǽɫݣǿԤݸ龰Ӧ֣ȥ̵覴õƷԼᣬ24һʱϰ˶ܿԽϰ˽лÿ֡    
    Ӧ    
    罻    
    ʶУ԰ĳˣҪ˵дȻԼһ˻һ    
    ۲ģܹڸ罻ӦЩ˵ΪҲǾЩǵϣظ߱˶ûˡ    
    ÿȥһλǮĳΣȥι۲ݡ    
    ͱһʱҪעңͬʱҲҪע˵ĻҪȥӻ˵Ļ    
    ʲôǾң    
    񽡿ͻ֮Ľ޲Ǻģͼ3-1ʲôڹ񱣬ʲôڱ̬ηչΪģѹΪֹĽأκʵȫѽڵأճĸߵͺͼҪע֮Ľʲôأ    
    ܷרҵʿܻ˵ϰ򡰾ҡЩǿѧؾ񼲲ĹٷΪһֻ紩¡ԷġϵġġΪĻеĴҡ25    
    Ͼ񼲲ְҵ׼ЭڡϺֲᡷİ棩ΪԼ300ִȷ涨֢״ģʽϱ׼Ѿҹ涨ΪڸϵġٴԵΪ֢Ⱥģʽܻᵼǣһʹ֢״ɥʧһҪˣӵʹɥʧʧȥɵΣա26    
    


Ĳ־񽡿һصۺ

    񽡿һصۺ    
    񽡿Ӱ彡    
    ҲӰ˵ǣҲӰ˵塣༲ƺͿӰ죬аз硢ಡͰ֢磬еಡΣջȳ˴ࡣܵӾ磬Ƥҡڵڶ۹ģѹܵµѪѹಡಡǶǡϵͳϵͳ֮ϵоһµо---ѧѧֵ̽Ǻ֮۸ӵĹϵΪѹܹһЩҪĽ⣬Ѫѹಡ֢ϵͳңҲ̽Щ⡣    
    Ǵ    
    Ǵľ񼲲֢״ĳЩͳļȿ־壨־֢ͻԵġɽ͵ľֻ֣֢ǣȫԽǴ֢ġ˲˼Ϊǿ񾭹֢ȫѧ飬ķ֮һһпܶǴҡЩֻķ֮һܹȷϺơ󲿷ֽܹƵˣʹصܻɥʧĳЩҲܵõơ    
    ־֢    
    ־֢ձһֽǴңǶĳЩ򳡾ġʧȥԵġǿҵġĿ־塣Լ11%ĳһжһּȵľ֣Ϊ˱ЩǸе־Ķǿܻ߼ˣʹָ֪оֻ̫̫ûĿ־Դжǹߡ桢󣻻ѪյĿռ䣨ıտֲ֢߶ȣָ֢Уڸоӵĵط޷ӱܵĳϣ㳡ֲ֢    
    ܳԹҩƣûЧƷܹ⻼ߵĿ־塣õķΪƷû𽥵ءϵͳؽӴǿ־壨һΪϵͳḶ́оֽӴǳЧǽӴʵĿ־Դҽôյķʽıǵ֪״̬Ҳ𵽺ܺõ27    
    ֻ֢ͿֻŴ    
    ֻ֢˰һֲľҲκ׵ؿܻѣΣ־塣ڴܻῪʼоӿǿ ĳЩָֺ֣ܸоʹľֿµĸо·ʲôµ¾Ҫɥʧǻಡֻŷʮ֮ڴﵽ߷壬ȻڶٴηĿ־Сֻŷ򼫶ȵٴηӰ쵽ǾǿֻŴҡ    
    ֪ΪƷҩƷƿֻŴҵҪǰҪǽ̸һЩӦٵ֢״Ĳԡư90%ĿֻŴһ߲ԺתȫƹͨҪ6-8ܡҩ֪ΪƷȵҩĸҪ28    
    ȫԽǴ    
    ȫԽǴҵصǹֵġʵʵĵģӶһЩ֢״ͨ6»ʱ䡣־ܰǷֺͱʵʵΣգȫԽǴҺͿ־岻ͬǶԱ޺򳡾ֿһַԵġҪķӦ֢״Ϊ١Ѫѹߡʹʹŭ˯עԼС    
    ԽǴҵĻ߲ʱʼյģǶеĽѹģǼʲôģͥáܵΣաȫԽǴҿԽƷΪƷͿҩ29


Ĳʹ

    ǿ񾭹ܴ    
    ʮ֮һһΪԹܴҵĽ֢Щֻ޷ĳ˵һֵַ뷨˼룬һʼΪǺıǲϳֵĹڱ磬ɱСȾֱȾͻɣܿ϶Ƿĳ£ڽͨ¹˺ĳˣ󲿷ǿ񾭹ܴҵĻ߻޷ĳǿҵĳ嶯ĳЩĳ̶ֹģʽʩĳΪΪϴ֡ࡢõĶĿ˶ԣ磬εȥǷ30    
    ԹܴҵĻ֪ǵ˼Ϊ̫Ź֣޷ܣ޷ơ˼ΪռǺܴһʱ䣬ԵӰ˵Ĺϵ    
    ΪԹܴ򡣿ǻ졢˵ĽͯʱȾ߷Ӧ31Բ֪ƷЩԵļ룬ҲԲΪƷƽ񱻼߻ϴͲϴϵʱ䣩ҩơԼ70-80%Թܴһ߶ƺ𲽺ת32    
    ʹ    
    ʹҵĹϵͬðͷסصܹ˵ȤȫƻʳѡԻκʽȤپרĹְ֢߲ܰ־Уܻϴ棬ҹշת࣬˯ܻ뵽ɱ    
    οֲǿƵġжƷǳЧȽصĿԷÿҩ75-80%Ļ߷ҩ鶼ܵõ33    
    ֢    
    ֢򵥵ĶΪʼմ״̬СڽʮУֲķʶȻǷĳСȫѧ鷢֢Ŀǰձľңÿ궼Ӱ10.3%˵ҵǣֻв֮һĻȥ    
    ֢Ĳ󲿷ֶܹɹͨƷҩƣơЩػУһ΢жȻ߶ԲƷƷ---֪Ʒ˼Ʒһµĺ沿ֽҪнܣƽ΢Ļ߷ȽЧѾ֤ͿҩЧ࣬ҪʱҪһЩ34    
    ҩƶһϵжȵضȻ߶ЧԵƷЧõȻߣ¹ھ񲡵ҩһڣƿҲаЩҩһҪ3-4ܵʱԵЧ8ԺȫЧԺ͸֢ߺ͵ʹƷҩƷûȫĻߣҪƷҩƷơ    
    Ӧԣ    
        
    ֢֢״ص    
    * о顢ġᡣ    
    * оȤĻʧȥȤ    
    * ƽԵö٣ӻ١    
    * ˯ѣƽ˯߶öࡣ    
    * ȱ    
    * оʧоԼ޼ֵܹʤΡ    
    * עԼУ    
    * ؽ˼ά    
    * 뵽ɱ    
    * ӱˣȱȤ    
    * 巽֢״ͷʹ⣬ʹ


Ĳɱ

    ˫ң֢    
    ˫һָ֢ߴ졢ļ˵ȫһ֮ȫʱǿܱü嶯ʵȫɴ˿ܻΣǵҵ˼ʹϵ档    
    ˫ҵĵ֢״Ӹ˵ʹֹ࣬۵ȵȣ˼ı仯ٵʵʵţעԼУþΪı仯ͻȻسĳЩƻĿ˵ƽҶ࣬ѵػǮж𣬳嶯ؽԻ״̬ı仯ƽ˯٣ȴ棬ԽıԹҲ٣֢ڻڼܻƶһЩΰļƻðܴķ35ǵӵ߷һӵµ͹ȣһоһЩ֢֢״ɱΣȷʵڡ    
    ˫ҵҪĻְҵƷƷЧذʶǵĲ飬±֯ǵҩ---﮺̼λһֿ鴤ҩ---ּĻֲĸʺܸߣ󲿷ֵĻ֢״֮費ڵسҩ    
    ɱ    
    ɱһ־ңܳΪĳкıԽ֡ÿ궼3ɱ---ˣƺгɻš30ɱδ졣    
    ڹȥʮУб˵ĳˣ15-24֮䣩ɱ1995ԤĵıɱȫѾΪһԽԽص⡣10-14֮Ķͯķɱ ѧɱʴԼΪУͬɱʵһ롣ѧɱھǳҵѧУ;ƲôϾѧУ֮䲢졣Ȼѧȷʵǹɱ⣬һѧƶɱƻУ԰۽ѧɱ    
         
    ɱǲɱġʵƿ԰70-80%ͼɱ˷ͷУطʹҡƻƣÿ궼7ǧ˵36    
    Ԥ    
    Ԥɱ    
    ʶĳ̸ɱΪͻȻصƽȶôųɱĿԡ    
    ѰĻ˵һЩйص⣬Ҫעֳĸӣȷʵܹ    
    һЩ취ѡƶƻȡһЩж磬뿪һʱԴӸõĽǶ⡣    
    ҪǷɱҪʱر̸ɱ⣬̸̸йɱ뷨ܶ˵һĪĽѣⲢ˼άмӹ뷨    
    Լ޽չѶȥһרҡ    
    õ֮ǰҪѴһһ˴ţҪЭ̡Ӧ˺Լ֮ǰһҪȴ绰㡣ȷʵ绰ˣҪϵϺȡ    
    ʲôɱ    
    оо---ൽڣ˺ͳɱĸ߷ڣٵͥڵĳ˳ȵ---ͼҵɱԭûзȷĴ𰸡Ӱ---ңͻĴԣ弲ϺϵĸֽԴ̼---Ըַʽ˺״ûһرܹȫһΪʲôѡ


Ĳ־

        
    ߴ95%ɱ߶оңƣ֮ɱԭġң֢͸ԴҵҲ׵ɱ    
    ĳЩʵ    
    ɱ·ǰ˾ƣƾܻήǵȻƾһҩܹǿҪɱĵľɥͼɱȾΣأȱ֧֡ص弲ʧҵҩͬҲܸı˵˼룬Ͷɱơ    
        
    ȫĵɱءʧȥϣʱ̬ȥԴеÿһ£ĽҲԤڡһ˼άʽΪûκˣɱҲͳΪһֺӦ    
    ͥʷ    
    ķ֮һͼɱ˼ͥжͼɱɱļͥʷΪɱһԤأֵɱľҼ---֢˫֢֢ȷڼͥڲɢ    
    弲    
    ɱпвΪԼвдԼ5 %ȷʵصļ簬̲֢ɱƺǻػǵѡ񣬵ʵˡ֢ǵжϣⷽӲټ֢κܾ֮Ͳٻɱͷˡ    
    ͼɱг80%ɱǰ6ڶΪĲȥڿҽΪ˰һڿҽ緢ɱΣյˣԼ˹&#8226;սѧоܽĸؼԵ⣺    
    2ܻ2˯𣿱˯ѵ̫磬˯̫ࣿ    
    2ܻ2ϸо鲻áƽϲȤĶɥʧȤϲ    
    2ܻ2ϸоԼ޼ֵйз    
    һʱϣ    
    Ļشǿ϶ģôӦϰת񲡵רҡ    
    Իѧɷ    
    鷢֣ɱɹԻѧɷֳַ񾭴Ѫشлˮƽƫ͡мȱʵ˱ЩлˮƽߵɱĿҪʮ37    
    ȡǹ֧;    
    Ѿɱص˵Ѱҵɱķǻǹ֧ܹΣաɱķͬʹǹ֧ĳɹǱȽϸߵġЩɽϿݵȣϸǹ֧ݵɱҪ͵öࡣ    
        
    ɱɱǰ6ȱ˾Σ---Сĳ˥ˣ飬ݡ ԱҪ˳ʱġŵĳͻܻΣաЩ£ɱǶԱ˵һֱΪԸɱһֿƸУָоôʱôá磬ɷܻΪɱǶһֱʾͥоȨ˿ܻҲ˵ǵĸĸѹǵİ¡


Ĳע

    Ԥ    
    㿪ʼɱ    
    ĳʱ򣬽һе뷨----ʧ⡢---ܳԺ ־ټֽ뷨ڻǿң㷢в彡һЩǰһӦȥѰҪİ    
    ȥҾ񽡿רҽѯԼרңǾϴ绰ûУԲɱߡ    
    ȥεˣȻʵо㻼֢һ־ҵļ״εѻˣ׼пǹæ    
    ıȽܵ˼¼ʹھɥʱҲͨ׷һЩȽϻ˼ͼѾɥһܼ򵥵Ķδϣļ¼صǵļ¼ͿΪʲôֵüȥ    
    Ҫơ󲿷ֵɱͻԿصĳ嶯ĽƷ;ƾʹֻԵĳ嶯Եơ    
    ȥҽԺʱסԺǱĽͰȫõİ취    
    ע    
    ʮǰ񽡿רΪͯľϣҲ˵עȱ/ද֢(ADHD)ֻǶͯרǴˡһ뵽֮ĶʱּڽഺԺȻ겻±ç1-2%ĳŮ---500---ܺܺõرעܺܺõؿ˶ͳ嶯38    
    , ADHDѾСԻϰ֢Ͷද֢˵ָڿ˶ͱעһϵеѡADHDĳ˻ֳ֢״еһֻֻ֣Ծ׳嶯׷ɢעǲܿ߶ǲϵصָȡЩ˱ֵñȽ򾲡ǲܼעһαֽ꣬Ҳܰһϵеָ¡Щ˻һʱ嶯ȥðķա    
    ûضĲԿԷֻߵעң˽רҺͻߵ̸ԼߵĲʷΪϿ˵ǱȽѵġעҵĳ˺Ͷͯܵҩͬ---˷ܼ԰ע⣬ό겻˻ڽҩƵͬʱҲԽƣƣһѯְҵԵĿѵѧָЧ39    
    ֢    
    ֢صľ֢֮һܼ˶ʵĸо֢ܹоڵĶ---ǿܻһ˵һȥܻῴڿޣѪһˮɴһϣִֺܻȥܿЩħǲչԼ¹ڲҡ쳣ҡҡڰڣȥ߲ظĳЩơ    
    ֢пܷ17-24֮䡣0.5-1%---Լÿ150мһ---ִᷢҡȫ񽡿оԺвѧݣһо֢ռȫ11.9%˵250----475һеĳʱּ    
    ڣ񲡵ҩȻƴ󲿷־֢ߵҪֶΡҩʹ߸оܿԼΪҵ˼άٻþʹ߷ҩȫԲĻҩԸƵĻ߲ҩ⡣


Ĳֿ˷ϵ

    Ӧ    
    ע    
    ֻעֲ˻ðĵһ߿֪ܲ״ǿƵġ˻ߵĵ֢״Ϊ    
    оִ꣬꣬ٲѵȴ    
    ׷ɢעĲɣͨʱ׷ŭ    
    ûһ⣬һǣܱ־̬ܴκҪרעĻĶ    
    ڽͰʱ䷽ѡ    
    ƢԵطŭѹ̶ȵͣΪƽ͸ܲˣƵ    
    嶯ô˼õϢپͻȻؿʼĳֹϵ±ç    
    Ų壬⣬кܲ    
    졣    
    ˷ϵ    
    ĿǰԼ3400ڽְҵƻѯкüҪⷽİҲ˰⿴˥ļһֲ̬ԲȥơҲܲûʶѧѾ֤ĶƷܻܹ֮ͨʹߵĲõ⡣    
    ˭Ѱ    
    ΪѧͨĽʦϵҵصķġʦΪṩймϢУ԰ṩһĺ;񽡿ѯѧУΪص֧壬ΪصļƻĿӦҲѧģѧĵΰ칫һѧΰ칫Ԯ    
    ڣܹлĽźΧĽĻðصҽԺͨרŵͷģͨйԷ֯ĵط֧ͨȾ߻Эᣩʮ͸֧ԵҲΪṩйϢԲĵ绰벾ҽҲΪṩ    
    רҵ    
    ˰Ѵ¾񽡿˶רҡʵⲢһʽƣҲ˭ԳǾרҵġֻнְܹҵѵﵽָҪܱ辫ҽѧһṤߵĺϸ֤顣ѡЩ񽡿ר֮ǰһҪ˲ǵı֤顣    
    ҽָҽѧԺѧҵһʵϰ4µڿʵϰͨ2µ񾭲Ƶʵϰĸ߼רסԺʵϰṩơҩѧ---Ӱǵҩо---ȷʽѵоҵﲡ˺סԺ˵ƾġִյҽǿԸ˿ҩƾ    
    ѧɵѧоѧҵٴѵסԺʵϰѧĲҽѧԲܸ˿ڴ󲿷ݣǱ뾭׼ܿʼ    
    ֤Ṥ߻ִյٴṤͨɵоѧҵ̸ԵṤͰǴⷽ涼йרŵѵ    
    ƻʿҪлѧλҪͨһ֯Ŀԡͨھ񽡿йѵ;飬ǲҪרҵִջ֤顣    
    ЩݵеݣͼͥרͨҪѧоѧλȻҪָĴϵٴѵ


Ĳѡ

    Ӧ    
    ѡר    
    ѡרʱҪע⿼⣺    
    ר𣿶Ƚ𣿺ļֵͬļֵ𣿲ǷϸǷ򲻹רҲȷѡ    
    רԸоƷҳЧƷ𣿳˰ضƼҲҩ    
    Ҫסѡܻ˽˵ܺ͵Ķ¶ˡȻҪһѵרŵ֪ʶɺ;顢ʤεרҡͬʱѡҲܹεˡ    
    ѡ    
    Ʒָ񽡿ְҵʿѰ֮κһ̸Ϊѯʽ̸Ĺпʹһµ۹۲磬Ի֢״ܹı䲻ĻӦΪܹΪṩЧشµķ    
    ̬Ʒ    
    ں̶ܴϣľ񽡿ְҵʿǰѶ˵ۻһֶ̬ϣǰڵľʶӰγɸΪĹҲڵġ˵̬еġ̬̬ƵĿǸ˽ʵʲΪĸı䡣ƹ̿ܽ϶̣12-25Ƴ̣Ҳܳꡣ    
    ˼Ʒ    
    ˼ƷԭΪؿ־֢оƷ˼ʹϵΪص㣬ҪǰߴҵкҪ߽ʼɡ˼Ʒ֢״ԴǼĿǰͱദ⡣˼ƷͨҪ12-16Ƴ̡    
    ֪ΪƷ    
    ַԻ߲ǡġȷ˼ͿΪص㣬ּڰ߰Ť˼άʽ֪ƷļɰҳߵĹ۵̬ȣ˼άģʽ̵ǻһַʽ˼ά֢ͽʹҵĻп棬ͨҪ15-25Ƴ̵ơ    
    ΪƷýΪʽȡ߹ȥʹõĲǡΪģʽǰǣϵ֢״еΪһǺϰõķӦܹԸıȥġΪƷĳֶϰĻߣҲĳضķΪģʽΪľңþƾҩʹҺͿ־֢    
    ҩ    
    ıԻѧɷֺͼᾫ֢״ҩ˴˺ܴϣͰһȷ͸ЧľҩķչೣĺʹɥʧĳľҵĳɹֱЩҩﾭƣʱҲ䵱ҪֶΣΪ񱣽һθ    
    Ԥ    
    ھҩҪ֪ʲô    
    ڽҩ֮ǰӦʵһЩ⣺    
    ΪʲôҩЩ֢״ĺô    
    ܵĸúΣʲôӦڷǰǷӰҿеװû    
    Ҫ೤ʱŻЧô֪ҩǷˣ    
    һ©ΣùʲôΣգҩͱҩ᲻໥ãҩڼԺȾ𣿷ҩڼʲôɣ    
    ҩҪö೤ʱ䣿ûпܻԣҩҲЧĿжûЧô죿    
    


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